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    Elbow Flow Measurement

    Uploaded by

    sandeep lal
    Flow measurement is important for process control and economics in chemical industries. An elbow flow meter measures the pressure difference caused by centrifugal force when fluid changes direction in an elbow pipe fitting. This pressure difference is proportional to flow rate. Elbow meters have low cost since elbows are already present, can measure fluids with solids, and have minimal pressure drop. However, their accuracy is not very good compared to other flow meter types like venturi or orifice meters. It works by relating the differential pressure across the elbow to flow rate using a dimensionless coefficient and calibration curves.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Elbow Flow Measurement

    Uploaded by

    sandeep lal
    370 views3 pages
    Flow measurement is important for process control and economics in chemical industries. An elbow flow meter measures the pressure difference caused by centrifugal force when fluid changes direction in an elbow pipe fitting. This pressure difference is proportional to flow rate. Elbow meters have low cost since elbows are already present, can measure fluids with solids, and have minimal pressure drop. However, their accuracy is not very good compared to other flow meter types like venturi or orifice meters. It works by relating the differential pressure across the elbow to flow rate using a dimensionless coefficient and calibration curves.

    Original Description:

    Some of the principles behind elbow flow measurement

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    Flow measurement is important for process control and economics in chemical industries. An elbow flow meter measures the pressure difference caused by centrifugal force when fluid changes direction in an elbow pipe fitting. This pressure difference is proportional to flow rate. Elbow meters have low cost since elbows are already present, can measure fluids with solids, and have minimal pressure drop. However, their accuracy is not very good compared to other flow meter types like venturi or orifice meters. It works by relating the differential pressure across the elbow to flow rate using a dimensionless coefficient and calibration curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    370 views3 pages

    Elbow Flow Measurement

    Uploaded by

    sandeep lal
    Flow measurement is important for process control and economics in chemical industries. An elbow flow meter measures the pressure difference caused by centrifugal force when fluid changes direction in an elbow pipe fitting. This pressure difference is proportional to flow rate. Elbow meters have low cost since elbows are already present, can measure fluids with solids, and have minimal pressure drop. However, their accuracy is not very good compared to other flow meter types like venturi or orifice meters. It works by relating the differential pressure across the elbow to flow rate using a dimensionless coefficient and calibration curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Elbow Flow Measurement

    Flow measurement is very important in pretty much any application. In chemical industries, since
    material is bought and sold by the total amount, it directly influences the economics. Moreover, within
    the manufacturing process, streams are directly controlled to enable better control of the process. To
    make material flow it takes energy, e.g. compressors are used for gas and pumps for liquids and
    conveyor belts for solids.

    Theory
    When a flowing fluid changes direction like due to a bend in the pipe, there is a pressure difference that
    results from the centrifugal force generated. This pressure difference is proportional to the flow of fluid.
    By measuring the pressure differential the flow can be inferred.

    Advantages/Disadvantages
    Since pipe elbows are there is a plan, the cost is minimal. Another advantage is that this can measure
    fluids that have suspended solids, slurries etc…. There is minimal pressure drop as in the venture or the
    most popular “orifice” flow meters. The only disadvantage is that the accuracy is not very good.

    Typical flow meter

    High Pressure Tap

    Low Pressure Tap

    Theory

    Flow of a fluid is defined by the following equation


    𝑉2
    ∆ 𝐻 = 𝐶𝐾
    2𝑔

    Where

    ∆H is the differential head across the bend

    V is the average velocity through the elbow

    Ck is a dimensionless coefficient dependent on the ratio of the center line radius R, to the cross-sectional
    radius r.

    X = R/r

    16 𝑥
    𝐶𝑘 =
    𝑥+1
    ((𝑥 2 − 1) (𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 1)) 2

    The elbow should be installed 25 pipe diameters of straight pipe on the upstream and 10 pipe diameters
    on the downstream. To install on a vertical pipe the flow of material should be up to eliminate
    entrapped vapor or air.

    Figure 1 – shows a typical pressure profile in a vertical elbow. Note the presence of vortex where the
    boundary layer separates.

    Figure 1 - Pressure profile in the elbow

    Typical calibration curve is shown in Fig -2.


    Calibration Curve
    40
    35
    Differential Pressue

    30
    25
    20
    15
    10
    5
    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
    Flow

    Figure 2 - Typical Calibration Curve

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