Project Deduru Oya WSP Designed MCR

Structure Flash Mixer, Flocculator & Clarifier Checked Abu

Component/Location Flocculator Cross Wall - Wall 08 Date 28/02/2018
Document Title MOMENTS AND FORCES Revision 1

Flocculator Wall - Wall 08

CRTICAL Force and Moment outputs from SAP2000

SLS ULS
Bending Moment (M), Shear Force (V) &
Direct Tension (T) M V or T M V or T
kN.m/m kN/m kN.m/m kN/m

Horizontal
M11,near Walls 12 21
M11,span 8 13
V13 25 58
T11, near walls 273 458
T11, span 130 200
Vertical
M22,support 15 28
M22,span 13 21
V23 48 71
T22, suppot 30 52
T22, span 18 33

Sumamry of Section Thickness and Reinforcement provided

Vertical Horizontal
Support Span Near walls Span
H 300 300 300 300
R/F T 12 T 12 T 16 T 16
@ 150 @ 150 @ 150 @ 150
Project Deduru Oya WSP Designed MCR
Structure Flash Mixer, Flocculator & Clarifier Checked Abu
Document Title Flocculator Cross Wall - Wall 08 Date 28/02/2018
Document No. Minimum Reinforcement for Temperature & Moisture Revision 1

Vertical Horizontal
Support Span Near walls Span
Thickness of wall = 300 300 300 300 mm
Maximum crack width, Wmax = 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 mm
Direct tensile strength of immature concrete, fct = 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 N/mm2
Average bond strength, fb = 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 N/mm2
fct / fb ratio = 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67

Restraint factor, R = 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

coef. of thermal expansion of mature concrete = 10 10 10 10 x 10-6

Assume, Maximum Cement content (OPC) = 390 390 390 390 kg/m3

For 600 mm thick wall cast on plywood formwork,

O
Temperature fall fromhydration peak to ambient, T1 = 30 30 30 30 C

O
Temperature fall due to seasonal variations, T2 = 14 14 14 14 C

Diameter of steel reinforcement provided, ø = 12 12 16 16 mm

Applying the Equations

Smax = [ fct /fb] * [ø/2ρ]
and
W max = Smax * R*α* (T1+T2)

Then, steel ratio, ρ= ([fct /fb]* ø *R*α * [T1+T2]) = 0.44% 0.44% 0.59% 0.59%
2 Wmax > > > >
Critical steel ratio, ρ crit = 0.35% 0.35% 0.35% 0.35%

Therefore, minimum steel ratio required, ρ min = 0.44% 0.44% 0.59% 0.59%

Area of concrete controlled by each face r/f = 150 150 150 150 mm

Area of reinforcement required at each face, A st,min = 660 660 880 880 mm2/m
Project Deduru Oya WSP Designed MCR
Structure Flash Mixer, Flocculator & Clarifier Checked Abu
Component/Location Flocculator Cross Wall - Wall 08 Date 28/02/2018
Document Title ULS Design Calculations Revision 1

2
Concrete Cube Strength fcu 35 N/mm
2
Steel Strength fy 460 N/mm
Vertical Horizontal
Support Span Near walls Span

Moment-ULS Mu 28 21 21 13 kNm/m
Direct Tension - ULS Tu 52 33 458 200 kN/m
Bredth of Section B 1000 1000 1000 1000 mm
Depth of Section h 300 300 300 300 mm
Main Bar dia T 12 12 16 16 mm
Cover to main rebar C 50 50 50 50 mm
Eff. Depth d 228 228 242 242 mm
K = M/fcu bd2 0.0154 0.0115 0.0102 0.0063

K<0.156 K<0.156 K<0.156 K<0.156

z/d = 0.5+sqrt(0.25-k/0.9) 0.983 0.987 0.988 0.993 mm

Hence, Take z / d 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95

Lever arm z 216.6 216.6 229.9 229.9 mm
Steel required to resist BM
As reqd, M = M / 0.87 fy z 2
323 242 228 141 mm
Steel required to resist Direct Tension @ one
Face , As reqd, T = (T / 0.87 fy) / 2
65 41 572 250 mm2
Total steel required, As reqd = 388 283 800 391 mm2
Bar dia provided T 12 - T 12 - T 16 - T 16 -
Bar Spacing Provided 150 150 150 150 mm
2
As Provided 754 754 1340 1340 mm
2
Minimum Area of R/F required for shrinkage 660 660 880 880 mm
Reinforcement provided Ok Ok Ok Ok

Shear Check at Supports

Ultimate Shear Force at Supprts Vu 71 58 kN/m
Shear Stress = Vu/b.d v 0.311 0.240 N/mm2
2
As provided at the section As 754 1340 mm
100.As/b.d 0.331 0.554
(400/d)^0.25 1.15 > 0.67 1.13 > 0.67
Shear Capacity,
2
0.79{100As/(bvd)}1/3[400/d]1/4[fcu/25]1/3 / γm vc 0.56 0.66 mm

Shear Check OK OK
Project Deduru Oya WSP Designed MCR
Structure Flash Mixer, Flocculator & Clarifier Checked Abu
Component/Location Flocculator Cross Wall - Wall 08 Date 28/02/2018
Document Title Calculation of Crack Width in Mature Concrete Revision 1

Reference: The design of water retaining structure by Iann Batty (P-59)

Vertical Horizontal
Support Span Near walls Span
SLS Moment Ms = 15 13 12 8 kNm/m
SLS Direct Tension Fs = 30 18 273 130 kN/m
As,pro = 753.6 753.6 1340 1339.7 mm2/m
h = 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 mm
d = 228.0 228.0 242.0 242.0 mm
Assume service stress fs= 200 mm2/m and Z = 0.9 d
z = 205.2 205.2 217.8 217.8 mm
2
Required steel for Ms As1 = Ms / fs z = 365.5 316.8 275.5 183.7 mm /m
Required steel for Fs As2 = 0.5 Ft/fs = 75.0 45.0 682.5 325.0 mm2/m
2
Total required steel As,tot = As1 + As2 = 440.5 361.8 958.0 508.7 mm /m
Actual As resisting Ms = As1 x As,pro /As,tot = 625.3 659.9 385.3 483.7 mm2/m
Actual As resisting Fs = As2 x As,pro /As,tot = 128.3 93.7 954.5 856.0 mm2/m
% As resisting Ms = 100 As / bd = 0.27 0.29 0.16 0.20

Table 9-10 x/d = 0.249 0.254 0.196 0.217

x = 56.7 58.0 47.4 52.5 mm
z = d-x/3 = 209.1 208.7 226.2 224.5 mm

Calculation of crack width due to Flexure

fs = Ms/ZAs = 114.7 94.4 137.7 73.7 N/mm2
2
Allowable steel stress 0.8 fy = 368.0 368.0 368.0 368.0 N/mm
fs<0.8fy fs<0.8fy fs<0.8fy fs<0.8fy
fc = (fs*As)/(0.5*b*x) = 1.48 1.03 1.60 0.52
Apparent elastic tensile
strain ε1 = [fs/Es][(h-x)/(d-x)] = 0.000795 0.00066 0.00087 0.00047

Strain due to stiffining ε2 = bt(h-x)(a'-x) = 0.000746 0.00074 0.00040 0.00039

effect 3EsAs(d-x)
Average strain εm = ε 1- ε 1 = 0.00005 -0.00009 0.00047 0.00008
Minimum cover Cmin = 66 66 50 50 mm
Bar spacing S = 150 150 150 150 mm
Bar dia. Ø = 12 12 16 16
2 2
=((S/2) +(CO+Ø/2) )
acr
-Ø/2 = 98.0 98.0 86.8 86.8 mm
Crack width w = 3acrεm = 0.01 -0.02 0.10 0.02
[1+2(acr-Cmin)/(h-x)] OK OK OK OK

Calculation of crack width due to Direct Tension

ε1 = 0.5 Fs/(Es. As2) = 0.000570 0.000468 0.000698 0.000370

ε2 =2bh/(3Es. As,pro) = 0.0012946 0.0012946 0.0007282 0.0007282
εm = ε 1- ε 1 = -0.000724 -0.000826 -0.000031 -0.000358
w = 3acrεm = -0.21 -0.24 -0.01 -0.09
OK OK OK OK