[Mohammed* et al.

, 5(8): August, 2016] ISSN: 2277-9655

IC™ Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116

IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
NON-LINEAR PUSHOVER ANALYSIS OF RCC BUILDING WITH BASE ISOLATION
SYSTEM
Asst Prof. Noor Mohammed, Mohammed Huzaifa Yaman, Shaik Mohammed Siddiq
* Department of Civil Engineering NSAKCET, India

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.59636
ABSTRACT
Buildings are designed as per the code regulations meeting all specific requirements of code and assuming a linear
elastic behaviour for the structural members. Moreover, it is also necessary to know the behaviour of a building that
were designed with older codes or which may not have been designed for earthquake forces. During the seismic
excitation the building responds well beyond its elastic and linear capacity and enters into non-linear stage.

So, the present work is intended to provide a systematic procedure to assess the behaviour of a structure during the
seismic excitation. For studying the behaviour a non-linear static analysis procedure known as pushover analysis is
used. The literature pertaining to pushover analysis is reviewed.

A Nine storey residential building located in the Hyderabad city, which was designed and constructed for gravity
loads alone, was considered for analysis. The present structure is studied using the evaluation procedures provided
in ATC-40 and FEMA-273 documents. Under detailed evaluation a target displacement for Immediate Occupancy,
Life Safety, Collapse Prevention was given and the performance is checked in accordance with IS 1893:2002

INTRODUCTION
Natural hazards bring many damages to man-made interventions such as habitat and infrastructural facilities causing
loss to life and property. Earthquakes are one of those hazards with the sudden violent movement of earth’s surface
with the release of energy. According to the revised provisions of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, the seismic zones of India
become more vulnerable and reduced to four zones. So it is important to design the structures with seismic resistance.
Recent earthquakes in the Indian subcontinent, India-Pakistan earthquake on October 8, 2005 with a magnitude of 7.4
on Richter scale, Gujarat earthquake on January 26, 2001 with a magnitude of 7.6 on Richter scale have led to an
increase in the seismic zoning factor over many parts of the country. Buildings are designed as per the building code
regulations, aptly termed as prescriptive based design. It ismethodology based upon meeting all of the specific
requirements of the code. In prescriptive based design, the normal engineering practice is to assume linear-elastic
behaviour for structural members, which fails to account for redistribution of forces due to member non-linear
behaviour and dissipation of energy due to material yielding.

The present work aims at the study of following objectives:

 How the seismic evaluation of a building should be carried out.
 To study the behavior of a building under the action of seismic loads with and without rubber base isolator.
 To find the performance of a building so as to suggest some retrofitting techniques, if required.

GENERAL
The seismic evaluation process consists of two phases, namely preliminary evaluation phase and detailed evaluation
phase. After the building is preliminary evaluated using rapid visual screening, the detailed evaluation is carried out
using pushover analysis. Performance based approach requires a non-linear lateral load verses deformation analysis.
The pushover analysis is a static method of non-linear analysis. The pushover analysis is an elegant method to observe
the successive damage states of a building both in the existing condition and under a proposed retrofit scheme. The

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[Mohammed* et al., 5(8): August, 2016] ISSN: 2277-9655
IC™ Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116
concept of protecting a building from the damaging effects of an earthquake by introducing some type of support that
isolates it from the shaking ground is an attractive one, and many mechanisms to achieve this result have been
proposed. Although the earlier proposals go back hundred years, it is only in recent years that base isolation has
become a practical strategy for earthquake resistant design. It is a passive control device that is installed between the
foundation and the base of the building. The base isolation system introduces a layer of low lateral stiffness between
the structure and the foundation. With this isolation layer the structure has a natural period which is much longer than
its fixed base natural period. This lengthening of the period can reduce the pseudo-acceleration and hence the
earthquake induced forces in the structure

MODELLING PARAMETERS
Building Description:Reinforced Concrete Frame of 9 storeys, with plan size 21mx21m, with heights of 21m
respectively are modeled.

S.No. Description Information Remarks

1. Plan size 21 m x 20 m ----

2. Building height 30m ----
3. Number of storeys above ground 9 ----
4. Number of basements below ground 0 ----
5. Type of structure RC frame ----
6. Open ground storey Yes ----
Type of building Regular frame with open IS 1893:2002 Clause
7.
ground storey 7.1
Grade of concrete and steel used ----
8. M25, Fe415
Software used ----
9. SAP2000 V16

S. No. Specifications G+9 storey

1. Slab Thickness 150mm

2. Beam dimensions 300x230mm
3. Column dimensions 400x400mm,
4. Unit weight of concrete 25kN/m3
5. Live loads 3kN/m2
6. (a) Sdl 1.5kN/m2
7. Importance factor 1
8. Seismic zone V
9. Response reduction factor 5

TABLE 1: DATA OF RC FRAME CONSIDERED IN STUDY

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Fig 1: Plan Of Rcc Frame Model Fig 2: Elevation View Of Rcc Frame Model

Fig 3: Isometric View Of Rcc Frame Model

BASE ISOLATION
The concept of protecting a building from the damaging effects of an earthquake by introducing some type of support
that isolates it from the shaking ground is an attractive one, and many mechanisms to achieve this result have been
proposed. As buildings with longer time periods attract less seismic force the isolation system deflects the seismic
energy. In particular, high energy in the ground motions at higher mode frequencies are deflected .In buildings, the
base isolator protects the structure from earthquake forces in two ways:
(i) By deflecting the seismic energy and
(ii) By absorbing the seismic energy. The seismic energy is deflected by making the base of the building
flexible (instead of fixed) in lateral directions, thereby increasing the fundamental time period of the
structure.

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4𝜋2 𝑅
The effective stiffness of the isolator is calculated by,𝐾𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
𝑔𝑇𝑏2
The yield force is given by 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐾𝑢 𝐷𝑦 .

ANALYSIS RESULTS
The Results obtained are of different parameters such as Storey displacement, Modal Periods etc. The results obtained
by carrying out Non-linear static analysis for Buildings as listed.

Result For Non-Linear Static Analysis Of 9 Stories Building

PUSHOVER FOR 9 STOREY

STOREY DISPLACEMENT STOREY DISPLACEMENT WITH
STOREY LEVEL LOAD CASE ISOLATOR WITHOUT IN mm ISOLATOR IN mm
9 PUSH-X 431.9 604.7
8 PUSH-X 429.9 604.4
7 PUSH-X 426.9 603.7
6 PUSH-X 422.6 602.7
5 PUSH-X 414.2 601.3
4 PUSH-X 388.1 599.7
3 PUSH-X 332.1 597.7
2 PUSH-X 253.6 595.4
1 PUSH-X 166.5 592.8
BASE PUSH-X 78 589.6
Table 2: Showing Displacement In X-Direction For 9 Storey Building

PUSHOVER FOR 9 STOREY

STOREY DISPLACEMENT STOREY DISPLACEMENT WITH
STOREY LEVEL LOAD CASE WITHOUT ISOLATOR IN MM ISOLATOR IN mm
9 PUSH-Y 392.3 606.2
8 PUSH-Y 390 605.6
7 PUSH-Y 386.8 604.7
6 PUSH-Y 382.5 603.5
5 PUSH-Y 374.4 602
4 PUSH-Y 349.7 600.1
3 PUSH-Y 296.7 598
2 PUSH-Y 223.9 595.6
1 PUSH-Y 143.9 593
BASE PUSH-Y 64.8 589.8
Table 3: Showing Displacement In Y-Direction For 9 Storey Building

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Step StepNum time Period without isolator Time period with isolator
Sec sec
Mode 1 0.955058 2.181772
Mode 2 0.951113 2.18072
Mode 3 0.861339 2.015096
Mode 4 0.316245 0.452162
Mode 5 0.314956 0.450839
Mode 6 0.286143 0.404495
Mode 7 0.185252 0.224906
Mode 8 0.184371 0.223754
Mode 9 0.169922 0.205859
Mode 10 0.131856 0.149702
Mode 11 0.131316 0.14898
Mode 12 0.121162 0.137592
Table 4: Showing Time Periods For 9 Storey Building

DISPLACEMNENT IN DISPLACEMENT IN Y-
X-DIRECTION DIRECTION
800 800
displacement in mm

displacement in mm

displacem DISPLACEM
600 ent 600 ENT
400 without 400 WITHOUT
isolator ISOLATOR
200 200
displacem DISPLACEM
0 ent with 0 ENT WITH
0 10 20 isolator 0 10 20 ISOLATOR
stories
stories
Fig 4: Displacement in x –direction Fig 5: Displacement in y –direction

TABLE 5: SHOWING TIME PERIOD FOR 9 STORIES BUILDING

TIME PERIOD
2.5
time period in sec

2
1.5 TIME PERIOD WITH
1 ISOLATOR
0.5
TIME PERIOD
0
WITHOUT ISOLATOR
0 5 10 15
modes

Fig 6: Time Period Of 9 Stories Building

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IC™ Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116
CONCLUSIONS
The nonlinear static (Pushover) analysis as introduced byATC-40 has been utilized for the evaluation of an existing
reinforced concrete building frame, in order to examine its applicability. Potential structural deficiency in RC frame,
when subjected to a moderate seismic loading.
 The pushover analysis is a useful tool for accessing in elastic strength and deformation demands and for
exposing design weakness. The pushover analysis is a relatively simple way to explore the nonlinear behavior
of buildings.
 Sequence of formation of plastic hinges (yielding) in the frame members can be clearly seen in the beams
only. The building clearly behaves like the strong column- weak beam mechanism.
 Looking at the deflected shape the highest inelastic roof displacement of 234 mm was observed as the
structure is about to reach its ductile limit (Collapse Prevention), where significant strength loss begins.
 The storey drifts were decreased by 97% for nine storey symmetric building suggesting the effectiveness of
Base Isolators for Buildings.
 Most of the present structural systems are highly advanced in terms of structural efficiency and aesthetic
quality, but lacks the much needed geometric versatility. As we have seen, that base isolation has in addition
to strength and aesthetics, that extra quality of geometric versatility, making it the most suited structural
system to this respect. Thus the base isolation, with an optimal combination of qualities of aesthetic
expression, structural efficiency and geometric versatility is indeed the language of the modern day builder.

SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY

 Further studies can be done to compare the accuracy of non-linear pushover analysis and non-linear time
history analysis taking the displacement as a common parameter.
 Further studies on the effect of various lateral load patterns (such as uniform building code, Indian code,
SRSS and FEMA-273) utilized in pushover analysis can be done.
 Soil structure interaction has always attracted many researchers as an interesting topic for static procedures.
The same can also be done for non-linear time history analysis using soil structure interaction.

REFERENCES
[1] Ashraf Habibullah and Stephen Pyle “Practical three dimensional non-linear static pushover analysis”
Structures Magazine, winter, 1998.
[2] A. Kadid and A. Boumrkik“Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete framed structures”Asian Journal of
Civil Engineering, Building and Housing, Vol. 9, No.1 (2008), pp.75-83.
[3] Amarnath Chakrabarti, Devdas Menon, Amlan K. Sengupta, Handbook on Seismic Retrofit of Buildings,
Narosa Publications, 2010.
[4] ATC 40, Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings, Vol.1, Applied Technology Council, Redwood
city, CA, 1996.
[5] C.V.R. Murty, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Earthquake tips, IITK-BMTPC earthquake tips:
Learning seismic design and construction, April 2007.
[6] C.V.R. Murthy and Andrew W. Charleson, Earthquake Design Concepts, Prepared under NPEEE, Published
by NICEE – IITK, 2009.
[7] FEMA 356, NEHPR guidelines for pre standard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings,
prepared for Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington DC.
[8] FEMA 273, NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Building, prepared for Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Washington DC, 1997.

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