Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
moving parts and are consequently quiet, extremely reliable, and easy to operate.
Photovoltaic cells are a space age electronic marvel, at once the most sophisticated solar
technology and the simplest, most environmentally benign source of electricity yet
conceived.
Solar technology isn’t new. Its history spans from the 7th Century B.C. to today.
We started out concentrating the sun’s heat with glass and mirrors to light fires. Today, we
Solar technology research and development will continue intense interest in new
materials, cell designs, and novel approaches to solar material and product development.
It is a future where the clothes you wear and your mode of transportation can produce
power that is clean and safe. Technology roadmaps for the future outline the research and
power generation technologies within some time. Concentrating solar power, or solar
thermal electricity, could harness the sun’s heat energy to provide large-scale, domestically
The great problem of transforming the energy of the sun's rays into other forms of
energy for practical use has interested humanity for a long time. Scientists have calculated
that the world's resources of fossil fuels would be exhausted within one or two hundred
years if they were to remain the basic power source. However, if the growing demand for
energy could be supplied from new, additional sources, first of all, solar radiation, they
could last several thousand years. At first, solar radiation could serve as an auxiliary source
of energy in districts with a large number of sunny days per year, and then, given certain
inexhaustible source of energy, tens of thousands of times more abundant than current
demands. In ten days, for instance, the earth receives as much warmth from the sun as we
could get by burning all the known reserves of organic fuel within the earth! However, this
enormous energy has not been exploited directly until now. Due to uncontrolled natural
is lost in space without working for us. Only a comparatively insignificant portion of the
stream of radial energy is transformed into the energy of falling water, wind, or chemical
plant energy. It can be said that so far man only uses these secondary resources, while direct
radiation is only used- in cultivating plants. This radiation is of very high quality due to the
great Temperature of its source, and it can be transformed to advantage into other forms of
energy, such as mechanical, electrical and chemical. Besides, scientists, engineers and
inventors in several countries have built many experimental solar appliances which have
been tested in operation. Some of them are already profitable and are being used.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The project’s conceptual framework shows the direct relation of the sun’s radiation
As shown in figure 1, the input of the study is composed the solar panel which
The process of the study shows that the transmitting of the solar energy to the
Finally the output process shows that the storage battery, along with its stored solar
of electrical energy for grilling, lighting, and charging which is suitable for those who look
Active Solar Techniques – include photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to
Alternative Energy – refers to the energy sources other than fossil fuels. This includes all
Battery – it is an electrochemical cell (or enclosed and protected material) that can be
charged electrically to provide a static potential for power or released electrical charge
when needed.
Charge Controller – limits the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from
batteries. It prevents overcharging and may protect against overvoltage, which can reduce
Direct Current (DC) – it is the unidirectional flow or movement of electric charge carriers
(which are usually electrons). As an adjective, the term DC is used in reference to voltage
Energy Harnessing Network – refers to a complex system that starts with extraction from
a variety of sources and then moves to transformation, storage, distribution and finally
utilization.
orientation, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass, which will capture and radiate
solar energy, or designing spaces that naturally circulate solar heated air.
Photovoltaic Cell (PV Cell) – is a specialized semiconductor diode that converts visible
light into direct current. Some PV cells can also convert infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV)
Renewable Energy – its source is produced from sources that do not deplete or can be
Solar Energy – the radiant, light, and heat from the sun that has been harnessed by humans
Solar Panels – are those devices which are used to absorb the sun’s rays and convert them
into electricity.
This project study aims to impart significant data on the application of solar energy
To the Institution, this project study is parallel to its mission and vision especially
To the Dean and Coordinator, this project study is for the purpose of advancing
To the Instructors, this project study will suffice as another learning material
To the Parents, this project study will inspire them to motivate their children to
To the Future Researchers, this project study will provide them a guide and an