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    Elkem 10 Tundish Cover Ladle Nodularization PDF

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    Anonymous iztPUhIi
    The tundish cover ladle process is a convenient and effective way to nodularize ductile iron. It provides good consistency and high magnesium recoveries between 60-80% over a wide range of treatment sizes. Tundish ladle treatments also produce minimal fumes, splashing, carbon loss, and temperature loss. A tundish cover ladle typically has a dual alloy pocket design. The filling hole diameter can be calculated based on liquid iron batch weight, pouring time, and ferrostatic height. Base metal sulphur should be less than 0.02% for maximum efficiency. Magnesium alloys containing 4-6% magnesium are commonly used in the tundish cover process.

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    Elkem 10 Tundish Cover Ladle Nodularization PDF

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    Anonymous iztPUhIi
    408 views2 pages
    The tundish cover ladle process is a convenient and effective way to nodularize ductile iron. It provides good consistency and high magnesium recoveries between 60-80% over a wide range of treatment sizes. Tundish ladle treatments also produce minimal fumes, splashing, carbon loss, and temperature loss. A tundish cover ladle typically has a dual alloy pocket design. The filling hole diameter can be calculated based on liquid iron batch weight, pouring time, and ferrostatic height. Base metal sulphur should be less than 0.02% for maximum efficiency. Magnesium alloys containing 4-6% magnesium are commonly used in the tundish cover process.

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    The tundish cover ladle process is a convenient and effective way to nodularize ductile iron. It provides good consistency and high magnesium recoveries between 60-80% over a wide range of treatment sizes. Tundish ladle treatments also produce minimal fumes, splashing, carbon loss, and temperature loss. A tundish cover ladle typically has a dual alloy pocket design. The filling hole diameter can be calculated based on liquid iron batch weight, pouring time, and ferrostatic height. Base metal sulphur should be less than 0.02% for maximum efficiency. Magnesium alloys containing 4-6% magnesium are commonly used in the tundish cover process.

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    408 views2 pages

    Elkem 10 Tundish Cover Ladle Nodularization PDF

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous iztPUhIi
    The tundish cover ladle process is a convenient and effective way to nodularize ductile iron. It provides good consistency and high magnesium recoveries between 60-80% over a wide range of treatment sizes. Tundish ladle treatments also produce minimal fumes, splashing, carbon loss, and temperature loss. A tundish cover ladle typically has a dual alloy pocket design. The filling hole diameter can be calculated based on liquid iron batch weight, pouring time, and ferrostatic height. Base metal sulphur should be less than 0.02% for maximum efficiency. Magnesium alloys containing 4-6% magnesium are commonly used in the tundish cover process.

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    Technical Information 10

    Tundish Cover Ladle Nodularization


    Magnesium treatment for nodularization of ductile iron can be carried out by several different
    treatment processes. The tundish cover ladle process will under most conditions, be a
    convenient, effective and reliable process with good economy. The process provides good
    consistency and high recoveries of magnesium over a wide range of treatment sizes. A well-
    operated system will give between 60 – 80 % recovery of magnesium while the operating and
    maintenance costs normally fall well below most other commercial processes. Tundish ladle
    treatments also offer virtually no flare, about 90 % fume reduction, no metal splashing and
    minimum carbon and temperature losses. The figure below shows an example of a tundish
    cover ladle.

    Figure 1: Schematic representation of a tundish cover ladle with dual alloy pockets.

    Calculation of Filling Hole Dimensions

    The following formula can be used to calculate the diameter of the tundish lid filling hole:

    W
    d = 0.07
    t⋅h

    Where d is the filling hole diameter in centimetres (cm), W is the liquid iron batch weight in
    grams (g), t is the pouring time in seconds (s), and h is the ferrostatic height of metal in the
    tundish basin in centimetres (cm). Note: h is the height of metal, not the height of the basin
    itself.

    Base metal sulphur contents should preferably not exceed 0.02% before treatment to ensure
    maximum efficiency of the tundish ladle. If sulphur levels are higher, a desulphurizing step is
    recommended prior to nodularization.

    Elkem ASA, Silicon Division

    Postal address: Office address: Telephone: Revision No. 2


    P.O.Box 5211 Majorstua Hoffsveien 65 B 47 22 45 01 00 14.03.1997
    N-0303 Oslo Oslo Telefax
    Norway 47 22 45 01 52
    Magnesium Alloy Selection and Addition
    The tundish cover process may be used with most magnesium ferrosilicon alloys containing
    between 3 to 12 % magnesium but generally alloys containing 4 – 6% Mg are used. Typically
    an alloy of the following composition:

    45% Si 5% Mg 1% Ca 1% RE max. 1% Al Bal. Fe

    would be used to treat base iron composed of a mixture of steel scrap, pig iron and returns.
    Alloy size grading of about 1 – 10 mm is most suitable for small treatments while sizes up to 4
    – 35 mm are preferable for larger treatments. See Elkem Technical Information Sheet No. 20
    for more details on selection of nodularizers in ductile iron.

    The amount of alloy added usually lies between 1.2 and 1.8 weight % depending on the base
    sulphur content, the metal temperature, the magnesium content of the alloy and the
    consistency with which the process is carried out.

    Cover Material Selection


    It is recommended to use a cover material over the magnesium alloy in the reaction chamber
    in order to obtain maximum treatment economy. The cover should retain the alloy in the
    chamber for as long as possible before the reaction starts. Covers commonly consist of clean
    steel plate or clippings of a grade similar to that used in the melt charges. Cast iron cover
    plates can be cast from the spare metal left at the end of a cast thus avoiding the carbon
    dilution due to the steel cover. However, the best results are obtained using a ferrosilicon alloy
    as a cover material.

    Example of Recovery Improvements

    Figure 2: Schematic representation of recovery improvements as a function of sulphur content,


    treatment temperature, and ladle design modifications. The initial case of 2.0 wt% addition rate
    represents a situation with 0.03% S and 1520°C treatment temperature.

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