This document describes Sivin Soji's physics project on constructing a working model of Heron's fountain for their 12th grade class. It includes sections describing the apparatus used, procedures for building the fountain model, theories behind how Heron's fountain works based on hydrostatic pressure and Bernoulli's principle, and a bibliography citing an online source. The project was completed to fulfill requirements for the All Indian Senior School Certificate examination in physics.
This document describes Sivin Soji's physics project on constructing a working model of Heron's fountain for their 12th grade class. It includes sections describing the apparatus used, procedures for building the fountain model, theories behind how Heron's fountain works based on hydrostatic pressure and Bernoulli's principle, and a bibliography citing an online source. The project was completed to fulfill requirements for the All Indian Senior School Certificate examination in physics.
This document describes Sivin Soji's physics project on constructing a working model of Heron's fountain for their 12th grade class. It includes sections describing the apparatus used, procedures for building the fountain model, theories behind how Heron's fountain works based on hydrostatic pressure and Bernoulli's principle, and a bibliography citing an online source. The project was completed to fulfill requirements for the All Indian Senior School Certificate examination in physics.
This document describes Sivin Soji's physics project on constructing a working model of Heron's fountain for their 12th grade class. It includes sections describing the apparatus used, procedures for building the fountain model, theories behind how Heron's fountain works based on hydrostatic pressure and Bernoulli's principle, and a bibliography citing an online source. The project was completed to fulfill requirements for the All Indian Senior School Certificate examination in physics.
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 12
PHYSICS PROJECT
Heron’s fountain
DONE BY: SIVIN SOJI
CLASS: XII A
ROLL NUMBER: 36
Signature of the Teacher
THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL, KUWAIT (DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS)
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
CERTIFIED TO BE THE BONAFIDE RECORD OF WORK DONE BY
MASTER/MISS _ ______________ _______SIVIN SOJI__________OF CLASS ______XII A____
IN THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL, KUWAIT DURING THE YEAR 2018-19
DATED: __________________________
P.G.T in PHYSICS
THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL
KUWAIT
SUBMITTED FOR ALL INDIAN SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFIVATE
EXAMINATION IN CHEMISTERY AT THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL, KUWAIT
DATE: _____ ___________ EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe my thanks to our principal for providing
laboratory facilities and for the valuable guidance. A lot of thanks to my physics teacher Mrs. SUSAN who encouraged me in doing this project successfully and provided the required apparatus to perform my project work
SIVIN SOJI
Signature of chemistry teacher
Declaration
I, Sivin Soji of class XII-A, hereby declare
That the work presented in this project is
Original work done by me in the physics lab
Of our school, for the AISSC Examination at
The Indian Community School Kuwait during
The year 2018-19
Signature:
Name: SIVIN SOJI
AIM
TO CONSTRUCT A WORKING MODEL OF
HERON’S FOUNTAIN APPARATUS
Water Bottles Straws Scissors Silicone Sealant PROCEDURE Make a hole in the bottom of the basin, just big enough for the tubing to fit through. Push a 24" - 36" length of tubing through and seal with the silicone. Make two holes in the lid of one of the plastic containers. This will become the air supply container and must be the lowest part of the apparatus. Push the tubing through one of these - it must reach almost to the bottom. Insert another piece of tubing through the other hole - you only need to push about an inch of tubing through the hole. Make sure that the seal around the tube is airtight, using the silicone sealant. Take your second container and make two holes through the lid of this one. This will become the fountain supply container and must be filled with water Take the plastic tubing coming from the first container and push it through one of the holes. This only needs to be pushed in about an inch. Cut a final length of tubing and insert this into the second hole, pushing it in almost to the bottom of the container Use the silicone to fill the gaps around the tubing. The fountain supply container must be higher than the air supply container This third length of tubing needs to run back to the fountain, as in the video - you can try to build a waterwheel, if you want! Slowly fill the basin with water and watch as water flows from the basin into the air supply container, through gravity. This will displace the water in the second container and cause it to shoot out of the tubing back into the fountain, higher than the original basin. If you want, you can insert the tubing running from the fountain supply container back into the basin through a second hole, making sure that it protrudes above the water level, to create a proper fountain. THEORY
The water in the basin contains gravitational potential energy and, as it
falls downwards, it uses the pressure of the air in the air supply container to push the water in the upper, fountain supply container. Once the water drops below the level of the outlet tube in the fountain supply, the Heron fountain will stop. The principle of its action and explanation could be found in the construction of this fountain. Figure given above incorporates a scheme for the Hero's fountain. The fountain consists of three parts: a cup A with fountain tubes, and two vessels B and C with partially filled by water. The parts are connected with two flexible hoses as shown in Fig.2: the cup A with lower vessel C and vessel C with upper vessel B. The vessel B with cup can be placed on a table and the other one below the level of the table. The cup A is maintained on the upper vessel B and connected with the lower vessel C by a flexible hose. Initially the pressure in both vessels B and C equal to atmospheric pressure. When you fill up the cup A with water the water from the cup A flows down to the lower vessel C, which contains air, and produces the additional hydrostatic pressure 2 2 P = ρgh , where is the density of water. According the Pascal’s principle this additional pressure is transmitted undiminished to all directions and therefore to the air inside of the vessel C. As a result this pressure forces a confined air up from vessel C to the upper vessel B. The forced air from the lower vessel C squeezes the air in the upper vessel B, and forces the water spout out of the fountain upper tube. At this moment the hydrostatic pressure in the upper vessel B is equal 1 1 P = ρgh . Thus, the pressure of the water in the fountain is the difference of the hydrostatic pressures in the vessels C and B Therefore ∆P = P − P = ρgh − ρgh = ρg h − h .In other words the pressure ∆P compresses the air in the upper vessel B and drives the fountain. If we neglect the height of the nozzle of the fountain above the water level in the cup A, difference of heights 2 1 h − h will be equal to the altitude of the top of the water level in the vessel A measured with respect to the water level in the vessel C. By changing this altitude we can maintain the fountain. Hero's fountain is also good demonstration for the Bernoulli's Principle. The Bernoulli's Principle is a result of application of the work-energy theorem to a unit volume of a moving fluid. It simply states that the work done on a unit volume of fluid by the surrounding fluid is equal to the sum of the changes in kinetic and potential energies per unit volume that occur during the flow. Let us apply Bernoulli's Principle for the water in reservoir A and a stream of water from the nozzle. The potential energy of a unit volume of water on the level of the reservoir A and the nozzle are respectively 2 ρgh and 1 ρgh , and kinetic energies are respectively zero and 2 2 ρv . Thus we have from Bernoulli's equation Deriving equation (3) we assuming that a confined air is uncompressible and we neglecting the friction. Of course, the real velocity of water from the nozzle will be less than it is given by equation (3). Consider again the fluid as an ideal by moving the vessel C up and down we can change the gauge pressure ∆P and as a result the speed of the water from the nozzle will change. When pressure ∆P increases the speed of water increases and the water rises higher with respect to the nozzle creating the fountain effect and vice versus. If bottle C is lowered even further, then the hydrostatic pressure increases inside C, and consequently inside B as well, causing the fountain to spray even higher. Conversely, if bottle C is raised relative to the bottle B, the hydrostatic pressure decreases, and the fountain spray diminishes. We can visualize the Hero’s fountain in terms of potential and kinetic energy. At the beginning the water is at its lowest potential energy in the lower vessel C. The water in the upper vessel B is stationary. It does not begin flowing until we activated the fountain by adding additional potential energy to the system when we pouring water into the cup A. This is the activation energy of the system. Once the cup A and tubing is full, the potential energy between the upper and lower water levels in the vessels B and C determines velocity of droplets moving upwards. At the nozzle the kinetic energy of the water is largest. The potential energy of the water is largest at the highest point in the stream of the fountain of water. BIBLOGRAPHY https://explorable.com/herons-fountain
