ADELAIDE • BRISBANE • PERTH

PRIMARY VALVE STANDARDS

MAJOR VALVE STANDARDS PETROCHEMICAL AND REFINING INDUSTRY
API 600 Steel Valves - Flanged & Buttwelding Ends
API 600 is the main steel gate valve specification. Valve design and construction criteria are specified,
as well as materials and trim designations. An appendix covers information pertaining to pressure seal
valves. ISO Standard 10434 is essentially the same as API 600, re-produced in the ISO format.
API 602 Compact Steel Gate Valves - Flanged, Threaded, Welding and Extended-Body Ends
API 602 is for 100 NB (4”) & smaller forged steel gates valve specification. Valve design and construction
criteria are specified, as well as materials and trim designations. This standard includes requirements for
bellows seal gate valves. In 150, 300 and 600 class API 602 requires a heavier wall than ANSI B16.34
API 603 Cast, Corrosion - Resistant, Flanged-End Gate Valves
API 603 covers light walled gate valves in sizes NPS 15mm to 600mm (1/2” through 24”), in classes
150, 300 & 600. These valves are used in applications where a thicker API 600 casting is not needed.
However, the wall thickness normally conforms to ANSI B16.34 wall.
API 608 Steel Ball Valves - Flanged and Buttwelding Ends
Typically used for floating ball valves, API 608 is the purchase specification for class 150, 300, 600
and 800 class steel ball valves. Valves design and construction criteria are detailed. Trunnion mounted
pipeline ball valves are manufactured to API 6D but API 608 is also allowable up to 500 NB (20”).
API 609 Butterfly Valves - Lug-Type and Wafer-Type
API 609 is a specification for butterfly valves with lug-type and wafer-type configurations designed for
installation between ANSI B16 flanges, 150 to 1500 class.
API 598 Valve Inspection & Testing
API 598 covers the testing and inspection requirements for check, gate, globe, ball, plug & butterfly
valves. Steel valve pressure ratings in ASME/ANSI B16.34 are required to determine API 598 test
pressure for steel valves.
API 6D Specification for Pipeline Valves - Gate, Plug, Ball and Check Valves
Specification for pipeline valves (gate, ball, plug, and check valves) API 6D is the primary standard
for valves used in main line pipeline service, including gate, ball, plug and check valves. Occasionally
refinery and petrochemical purchasers will reference the more stringent testing requirements of API 6D,
602, 609 or BS 1868, 1873 is specified upstream. Similarly ball valves manufactured to API 608 may be
specified as tested to API 6D.
ASME/ANSI B16.34 Steel Valves - Flanged & Buttwelding Ends
ASME B16.34 is the standard in which steel valve pressure/temperature ratings are specified. It also
offers additional valve specification data including non-destructive examination procedures for upgrading
valves for special class service. Gate valves manufactured under B16.34 wall thickness minimums may
not meet the minimum wall thickness required of API 600 (cast valves) & API 602 (forged valves) for
class 150, 300 and 600.
ASME/ANSI B16.10 Face-to-Face Dimensions of Ferrous Valves
B16.10 specifies the face-to-face dimensions of all flanged and buttweld end valves. Screwed and
socketweld end valve face-to-face dimensions are not included in this standard.

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MSS SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and
other Piping Components
MSS SP-55 outlines the visual inspection criteria for castings (& forgings). This specification is listed as
part of the procedure under API 598.
NACE MR-0175 Standard for Sour Service
Standard material requirements for sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic materials for oilfield
equipment MR-0175 is the ‘standard’ for materials used in ‘sour’ environments such as found in piping
systems in many refineries. It lists materials, mechanical properties and heat treatments for metals used
in hydrogen sulfide bearing hydrocarbon service.
BS 1873 Specification for Steel Globe Valves
BS 1873 outlines specifications for flanged and buttweld end globe and stop check valves for petroleum
petrochemical and allied industries. Valves made to BS 1873 usually dual conform to ANSI B16.34 wall
thickness and other design criteria. There is no API standard for globe valves, however API 600, API
603 or ANSI B16.34 are often specified for wall thickness requirements. In addition API 600 stuffing box
dimensions are often specified.
BS 1868 Specification for Steel Check Valves
BS 1868 outlines specifications for flanged and buttweld end check valves for the petroleum
petrochemical and allied industries. Valves made to BS 1868 usually dual conform to ANSI B16.34 wall
thickness and other design criteria. There is no API standard for upstream & refinery check valves only
API 6D ‘pipeline’ check valves, however API 600, API 603 or ANSI B16.34 are often specified for wall
thickness requirements.

ANSI/ASME STEEL GATE, GLOBE & CHECK VALVES

Cast Gate Valves - API 600
For users of cast gate valves, API 600 is the key document. It details all design material criteria. API
600 also lists important dimensions such as stem diameter minimums, wall thickness and stuffing box
size. Cast, globe and check valves can also reference this standard for wall thickness and other design
criteria. Another important gate valve standard is ASME B16.34. This standard outlines requirements
on valves constructed to ASME boiler code pressure temperature ratings. One important area in which
API 600 differs from ANSI B16.34 is minimum wall thickness. API 600 requires a heavier wall for a given
pressure rating than does ASME B16.34. API 603 is optionally used for 150# and 300# stainless steel
valves and allows a lighter wall thickness than API 600.
Cast Check Valves
Check valves can be manufactured to API 6D (full opening pipeline check valves), BS 1868 or ANSI
B16.34/API 600. Australian Pipeline Valve valves manufactured to BS 1868 also conform to ANSI B16.34
wall thickness and other design criteria.
Cast Globe Valves
Globe Valves can be manufactured to BS 1873 or ANSI B16.34/API 600. Australian Pipeline Valve valves
manufactured to BS 1873 also dual conforms to ANSI B16.34 wall thickness and other design criteria.
Forged Gate, Globe & Check Valves
Small forged carbon steel gate, globe & check valves in 150#, 300#, 600#, 800# & 1500# class valves
are covered by API 602. ANSI 150 to 2500 forged, check and globe valves can also be manufactured to
BS 5352. Forged check, gate & globe valves in 2500# are also manufactured to ANSI B16.34. API 602
specification covers the same details for small forged valves that API 600 does for larger valves. API 602
also required a heavier wall for 150#, 300# & 600# classes than does B16.34.

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 ISO/API/ASME MANUFACTURING STANDARDS
ISO 15761 has been recently published as part of an international effort to standardise the products for
petroleum and natural gas industries. The following table shows API and ASME equivalents which ISO
has so for mirrored. Australian Pipeline Valve manufactures valves to the following standards.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING STANDARDS

ISO API/ASME Description
ISO 5208:1993 Pressure testing of valves - Industrial
ISO 5209:1977 Marking - General purpose industrial valves
ISO 5752:1982 Metal valves for use in flanged pipe systems - Face-to-face and centre-to-face dimensions
ISO 5996:1984 Cast iron gate valves
ISO 6002:1992 Bolted bonnet steel gate valves
ISO 7121:1986 Flanged steel ball valves
ISO 7259:1988 Key-operated cast iron gate valves for underground use
ISO 10423:2003 API 6A Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment Specification
ISO 10434:2004 API 600 Bolted bonnet steel gate valves for the petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries
ISO 10497:2004 API 607 Testing of valves - Fire type-test requirements (Fire Test for Soft-Seated Quarter-Turn Valves)
ISO 10631:1994 Metallic butterfly valves for general purposes
ISO 12149:1999 Bolted bonnet steel globe valves for general-purpose applications
ISO 14313 API 6D Specification for Pipeline Valves
NACE MR0175, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing
ISO 15156 NACE MR0175
environments in oil and gas production
API 602 - Steel gate, globe and check valves for sizes DN 100 and smaller, for the petroleum and
ISO 15761:2002
(Incorporates BS5352) natural gas industries
Industrial valves - Measurement, test and qualification procedures for fugitive emission
ISO 15848-1:2006
Part 1: Classification system and qualification procedures for type testing of valves
ISO 17292:2004 Metal ball valves for petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries
API 591 User Acceptance of Refinery Valves
API 598 Valve Inspection and Testing
API 600 Steel Gate Valves
API 602 Compact Carbon Steel Gate Valves
API 603 Cast, Corrosion Resistant Gate Valves
API 608 Metal Ball Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Butt-Welding Ends (150&300)
API 17D Specification for Subsea Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
API 6FA Specification for Fire Test for Valves
API 622 Type Testing of Process Valve Packing for Fugitive Emissions
ASME B16.34 Valves 2 Flanged, Threaded, and Buttwelded End
ASME B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B16.25 Buttwelded Ends
ASME B16.11 Forged Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded

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 COMMON VALVE ABBREVIATIONS
Organisations/Societies
ANSI American National Standards Institute API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing Materials
BS British Standards DIN Deutsche Industrie - Normen
BVQI Bureau Veritas Quality International ISO International Standards Organisation
Valve Materials
Br Bronze A.I. All Iron
C.I. Cast Iron M.I. Malleable Iron
N.I. Nickel Iron D.I. Ductile Iron
C.S. Cast Steel/Carbon Steel F.S. Forged Steel
S.S. Stainless Steel PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
N Nickel M Monel
Mo Molybdenum Al Aluminium
Cr Chromium Tef Teflon
13% Cr Type 410 Stainless Steel HF Hard Face (Stellite Face)
Operating Mechanisms
O.S. & Y Outside Screw & Yoke N.R.S. Non Rising Stem
R.S. Rising Stem
End Connections
F.E. Flanged Ends S.E. Screwed Ends
F.F.D. Flanged, Faced & Drilled B.W. Butt Welding Ends
S.W. Socket Welding Ends Scr. Screwed Ends
Flg. Flanged Ends S.J. Solder Ends

COMMON VALVE TYPES & RELATED TEST STANDARDS

Valve type Common test standard
Steel ball, gate, globe and check valves API 598
Steel ball, gate, globe and check valves BS 6755*, ISO 5208 (EN 12266-1)
Cast Iron gate valves API 598, MSS SP-70
Bronze gate, globe and check valves MSS SP-80
Steel gate, globe and check valves larger than NPS 24” ASME B16.34
Pressure seal gate, globe and check valves ASME B16.34
Pipeline valves API 6D, ISO 5208
Cast iron checks API 598, MSS SP-71
Cast iron globes API 598, MSS SP-85
Cast iron plugs API 598, MSS SP-78
Steel ball valves API 598
Steel butterfly valves API 598
Cryogenic valves API 598, BS 6364
Control valves FCI 70-2, ISA-S75,
Pressure relief valves API 527, ASME PTC 25
*ISO 5208 (EN 12266-1) supersedes BS 6755

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VALVE TEST STANDARDS
Main Valve Test Standards
API 598 Valve Inspection and Test
The most widely used test specification in the world. The standard covers all types of valves (soft & metal seated)
in sizes up to 600NB (NPS 24). It also includes leakage rates and testing criteria for metal-seated and resilient-
seated valves.
API6D Pipeline Valves Test Standard
Used for API6D ball valves, plug valves and API6D design pipeline check/gate valves (also now adopted as part of
ISO 5208).
ISO 5208 Valve Test Standard
Incorporates an adoption of API6D test standard. Leakage rate A is specified for soft seated valves and plug valves
(zero leakage*). Also includes standards for gate, globe and check valves (EN 12266-1).
BS 6755 Valve Test Standard
Previously used by some European Manufacturers, now superseded by ISO 5208 (EN 12266-1) standard. It
includes leakage rates and testing criteria for metal and resilient seated valves.
ASME B16.34 Valves - Flanged, Threaded and Welding End
The primary valve design standard, it also contains pressure/temperature charts for determining the working
pressures of valves to be used in conjunction with other test standards, such as API 598.
ASME PTC 25 Pressure Relief Devices
The main reference document for the testing of pressure relief valves, PTC 25 contains detailed procedures for
testing relief v alves with air or steam.
API 527 Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves
This covers the seat tightness of pressure relief valves. It also includes allowable leakage rates for testing with
steam, water a nd air.
FCI 70-2* Control Valve Seat Leakage
This document contains detailed test procedures and leakage rate classes for control valves. The leakage classes
are also o
 ccasionally referenced by other documents and used as acceptance criteria. Supersedes ANSI B16.104.
Class VI is the h
 ighest shut off class*.
ISA S75 Hydrostatic Testing of Control Valves
This standard provides a procedure for the hydrostatic shell testing of control valves. Seat testing and acceptance
criteria are o
 ut of the scope of this document and usually are covered by referencing FCI 70-2.
ISO 5208 Industrial Valves, Pressure Testing of Valves
ISO’s primary testing standard, this document covers all types of valves and has four levels of allowable closure
test leakage r ates.
MSS SP70 Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends
The primary design standard for cast iron gate valves, it also contains testing procedures and acceptance criteria.
MSS SP71 Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends
The primary design standard for cast iron check valves also contains testing procedures and acceptance criteria.
MSS SP61* Hydrostatic Testing of Steel Valves
Similar to API 598 (in the case of soft seated valves) this document has some minor variations in test holding times
and leakage rates. Metal seated valves the leakage can be a little higher than API598.
MSS SP78 Cast Iron Plug Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends
The primary design standard for cast iron plug valves also contains testing procedures and acceptance criteria.
MSS SP80, Bronze Gate, Globe, Angle and Check Valves
The primary design standard for commodity bronze valves also contains testing procedures and acceptance
criteria.
MSS SP85, Cast Iron Globe & Angle Valves
The primary design standard for cast iron globe valves also contains testing procedures and acceptance criteria.

* See next page “Explanation of Zero and Low Leakage Test Standards”.

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EXPLANATION OF ZERO AND LOW LEAKAGE TEST STANDARDS
In general, specification such as API598 or MSS SP-61 that govern leakage for soft seated valves call
for ‘0’ bubbles of air or ‘0’ drops of water under the specified test conditions over the minimum test time
period. These valves are therefore sometimes referred to as ‘zero leakage’ valves. In reality, there really
is no such thing as ‘zero leakage’, since microscopic amounts of material may indeed cross the seat or
packing boundaries, especially if helium or hydrogen or other small molecule gases are used. Another
common term for soft seated valves is ‘bubble tight’.
Less frequently, the leakage performance for soft seated valves is referred to as Class VI, which is the
tightest leakage under FCI 70-2, and generally applies to resilient seated control valves (as opposed
to metal seated control valves or soft seated shut off valves). In fact, FCI 70-2 Class VI (formerly ANSI
B16.104) allows a small number of bubbles per minute, increasing with valve size, during the test,
whereas API598 and MSS SP-61 do not (for soft seat, but does for metal seat). FCI 70-2 Class VI is
for soft seated control valves but is frequently used as a leakage acceptance test criteria for metal
seated isolation valves such as ball and butterfly valves. FCI 70-2 only requires a low pressure test,
consequently closure and seat tests should also be done per API 598 or MSS SP-61.
In actual fact even for metal seat valves the API 598 leak acceptance criteria for metal seated valves
(excluding check valves) allows less leakage than FCI 70-2 Class VI above 150NB (6”) and 50NB (2”)
and under. For z ero leakage metal seated valves API 6D or API 598 soft seated zero leakage criteria
can be specified (such as triple offset metal seated butterfly valves and some metal seated ball valves).
Special provisions for zero leakage gate valves can also be specified to BS 6755 and ISO 5208 under
special zero leakage classes. However, metal seated valves usually have some level of acceptable
leakage when tested, defined first as some acceptable amount of liquid, under test conditions and over
the time period of the test.
ISO 5208 (EN 12266-1) supersedes BS6755-1 and specifies acceptable leakage rates such as ‘Rate A’
and ‘Rate B’. Rate A allows ‘no visible leakage’, similar to API 598 for resilient seated valves. Rate B is
used for gate valves.
Links
• Leakage Acceptance Rates Comparisons API598/API6D/MSSP61/FCI70-2 -
www.australianpipelinevalves.com.au/lib/Pdf/ValveTestStdsLeakageRates.pdf
• American Petroleum Institute - www.api.org
• American Standards Association - http://www.ansi.org
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers - www.asme.org
• British Standards Institution - www.bsi-global.com
• Fluid Controls Institute - http://www.fluidcontrolsinstitute.org
• International Organisation for Standardisation - http://www.iso.org
• ISA (Instrumentation, Systems and Automatation Society of America - www.isa.org
• Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry - www.mss.hq.com

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Cd4M-Cu, Hastealloy C (ASTM A-494 CW12MW), 317 (C8G8M) in short lead time.
For other ANSI, ASME, ISO, API, BS, API valve related technical cross reference charts and tables
relating to standards, codes, pressure, temperature, application, suitability, equivalents, body & trim
materials, valve manufacturing & test standards, etc., go to the technical section of our website:
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We manufacture valves in API600, API602, API6D, BS1868, API603, API6A and numerous other
standards including Ball, Butterfly, Check, Gate, Globe, Needle and Plug valves.
Go to our website for more valve and piping technical references.
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