123425outside The Box - Duncan Alexander

Contents
About the Book

About the Author
Title Page
Dedication
Introduction
1. A Brief History of Data

92/93
93/94
94/95
2. 25 Years of Solitude – the Forgotten Men and Deeds of the Premier

League
95/96
96/97
97/98
3. You are Liverpool (You Haven’t Won the Title for 27 years)
98/99
99/00
2000/01
4. Comedown – Football’s Worst Title Defences

01/02
02/03
03/04
5. The Blueprint for a Perfect Match

04/05
05/06
06/07
6. Where Next for the World Cup?
07/08
08/09
09/10
7. 12 Steps to Heaven – the Lionel Messi Debate

10/11
11/12
12/13
8. The Red and the Black: Finding Perspective on Arsène Wenger

13/14
14/15
15/16
9. 2016/17
10. The Premier League Glossary
Epilogue: Journey for a Man

Acknowledgements
Copyright
About the Book
In football, numbers are everywhere: from touches in the opposition box

to expected goals, clear-cut chances to win-loss ratios.
In the modern game, numbers help provide the narrative, the drama, and the
conversation. They are scrutinised in order to justify results and to predict
future outcomes. They even dictate transfer policy and drive clubs to achieve
the impossible.
But when did the numbers become so important and what do they mean?
In Outside the Box, Duncan Alexander looks back at 25 years of the Premier
League and beyond, uncovering the hidden truths and accepted myths that
surround the game. Using the archives of OptaJoe and never-before-seen
data, we discover why Liverpool have gone 27 years without winning a
league title and why Lionel Messi is the best player in the game’s history. Or
is he?
Insightful, wry and hugely entertaining, Outside the Box is an enlightening

and accessible account of football across the decades, analysing data from
some of the greatest seasons, players, teams and managers.
About the Author
Duncan Alexander is the co-founder of the OptaJoe Twitter account, one of

Britain’s top football statisticians and commentators, who has almost one
million followers. He live-tweets during games with his trademark blend of
incisive analysis and droll humour. He works for Perform, one of the world’s
leading digital sports content and media companies.
His first book, OptaJoe’s Football Yearbook, was published in 2016.
Follow Duncan on Twitter @OptaJoe and @oilysailor.

To Big H and John
Introduction
When the Premier League launchedfn1 in August 1992 no one was thinking of
the 1966 World Cup. If you’d mentioned England in August 1992 most
people would have had sudden, upsetting memories of Graham Taylor’s team
and their performance at the Euros earlier in the summer when it had quickly
become apparent that Keith Curle and Andy Sinton were not the new Bobby
Moore and Alan Ball.
You might ask: what is the significance of all this thrilling but diverting
Euro ’92 chat? Well, August 1992 was 26 years after England’s first and
possibly only tournament win. We are now 25 years on from 1992, so images
of Brian Deane and Alan Shearer and Preki are almost as old to everyone in
Brexit Britain as Geoff Hurst and Jack Charlton were in the world of John
Major’s cones hotline.
Essentially, a lot of time has passed since the Premier League came into
being and yet in many ways it doesn’t seem that way. Created as a sort of
hermetically sealed entity, albeit one that sanctioned relegation of its
members to the Football League, the Premier League has now enjoyed 25
seasons of thrills, excitement and, naturally, a certain amount of tedium in
what generally seems like an ever-developing rollercoaster of sports content.
‘The Premier League era’ is a phrase that enrages many football
supporters, as they infer that this means everything that happened before
1992 is worthless preamble, when it clearly isn’t. Towards the end of 2016–
17, Cristiano Ronaldo homed in on another record, this time Jimmy
Greaves’s total of 366 league goals in the top European leagues. For 1992-
deniers, this was a huge blow because it showed that, where data is available
and relevant, people have precisely no qualms about referring to a
(wonderful) goalscorer from a different era.
Nevertheless, there is beauty in neatness, and 25 years of the Premier
League is an apt point at which to pause and examine the quarter-century
history of the competition. 1992 was a watershed year in the game, with the
introduction of the back-pass rule shaping the modern game more
significantly than any new league or organisation ever could. Not even Pep
Guardiola would bother looking for goalkeepers with exceptional footballing
(in the literal sense) ability if the last line of defence could still just pick the
ball up.
If you work with numbers then you’re naturally going to gravitate towards
competitions and eras for which the most data exists, and 1992 onwards is,
like it or not, that point in English league football. It’s not an easy process
either. For instance, the only reason that there now exists assists data for
every player in Premier League history is because, a few years ago, a devout
colleague of mine hunted down and ordered VHS end-of-season reviews for
every top-flight club between 1992 and 1999 and filled in the gaps. Every
single Swindon Town defeat, every terrible 1–0 Oldham win, all were
dutifully added, later becoming part of the public discourse, as they should.
When Cesc Fàbregas reached 100 assists in the Premier League in 2016–17,
it could only be wholly appreciated because of that meticulous work
watching all those grainy club videos with their relentless and terrible guitar
solo interludes.
Ultimately, football is nothing without history and the blessed context it
provides, and in Outside the Box I have tried to weave my way through
different parts of the game’s story, using numbers as the main but never the
only ingredient. One fan’s stat is another fan’s fact is another fan’s myth.
What every fan wants is information, be that on the last time their team did
something worthwhile, or what their team might be doing to find the player
who will alter the club’s fortunes. From the famous to the forgotten, from
Upson to Downing, from Pelé to Mal Donaghy, this book goes deep into the
folds of the game.
1.
A Brief History of Data
‘The problems are solved, not by giving new information but by arranging what we have
known since long’
– Ludwig Wittgenstein
The collection of data from human competition is not a recent creation. In the
fiercely competitive world of the medieval tournament, an ambitious knight’s
reputation grew from his ability roaming in the ferocious world of the melee
and the subsequent ransoms he collected after capturing a (hopefully)
wealthy opponent. But without people recording this data, how was a
competitor to reliably demonstrate his success and skill? It should not be a
surprise then that people in the 12th century did not differ much in their
approach from those in the 19th or 21st, and opted to write things down. In
the 1170s, Young King Henry’s clerk Wigain recorded that William Marshal
and another knight in Henry’s household, Roger de Gaugi, captured 103
opposition knights in a 10-month period, truly the Messi and Neymar of
medieval north-west Europe.
The rediscovery of a copy of L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal in the
late 19th century at around the time the Football League was formed in
England was neat timing because this dusty but hugely important medieval
document massively increased both our knowledge and understanding of
tournaments precisely because it contained facts and figures, albeit written in
verse, about Marshal’s stellar career. As Victorians devoured this 600-year-
old information, a new association football competition was taking shape, for
which more data was being recorded than ever before, data that is still being
referred to and used (almost) every day in the 2010s.
The essential point is that we know a bit more about the glamorous
tournament circuit in northern France in the 1170s than we do about football
in the early part of the 19th century for one reason alone: we have more data.
Football was wildly popular in England for much of the second millennium,
with regular mentions of it by people from Shakespeare to Pepys, and yet a
fog hangs over the actual competitors and their achievements. It’s possible
that the game was so frenetic and violent that even video footage of these
seething rudimentary matches would be impossible to interpret and yet the
fact remains that someone in 1723 (to pick a year at random) was the best
player in the country, or the top scorer, or the best at shattering shins. Or all
three. We’ll never be able to identify them but that shouldn’t stop us saluting
their hypothetical roughhouse achievement.
It was the Victorians who not only codified football but also started to
reliably record what happened and even begin some early interpretational
work. A recent paper by Simon Eaves, of Manchester Metropolitan
University, identified numerous instances in the 19th century of sporting
events being recorded and used for analytical purposes, from tennis in the
1880s and 1890s (‘In Wright & Ditson’s Lawn Tennis Guide (1891) an
“analysis of the strokes” for the 1890 [American] Singles Championship
game was presented which included an assessment of the strokes returned in
and out of court, passing shots by the opponent, double faults, aces, and total
strokes played’) to rugby in the 1900s (‘The analysis is extremely
comprehensive, listing game time, pitch location and ideographic symbols, to
provide the reader with an indication of key match events such as scrums,
lineouts, stoppages, fouls, penalties, tries and various types of kick’). Dr
Eaves concludes that this analysis, compiled by ‘mere’ sports reporters, was
unlikely to have been ‘their first attempt given the complexity of the system
and the fact that this must have been a “real” time analysis’.
Even more interesting, given that it is easy to understand how rugby and
particularly tennis analysis was collected live, even though it would have
taken a lot of skill to record accurately, is a mention of some football
notations from a December 1907 issue of La Vie Sportive du Nord et du Pas-
de-Calais, specifically diagrams that showed ‘passing sequences leading to
goals in the association football match between Paris and Nord’. Goal-move
graphics, to use their slightly functional 21st-century name, are still popular
on the internet, especially among platforms who do not have broadcast rights
to show clips of matches, yet here they are being used in a publication 30
years before the first game was ever shown on television.
Dr Eaves also uncovers a wonderful quote from The St Louis Star’s David
Barrett in 1910, about football and how ‘all that the average soccer fan pays
attention to in the game is the number of goals scored and who scores them.
He pays no attention whatsoever to the other fine points of the game.’ Barrett
then proceeded to invent his own notational data collection system so he
could tally players’ game actions, predating Charles Reep by nearly half a
century, Opta by almost 90 years and the US soccer blogging community
(responsible for rebooting Barrett’s ethos if not his collection methods) by a
century.
One factor that links all these data recording exercises is that they will
have been done via the classic method of combining eyesight and
handwriting. Without computers and video, both the scale and complexity
were obviously reduced. If you study one of the contemporary league tables
from the Football League in 1888–89 the main thing you notice is that it is a
handwritten monster (how the weekly compiler must have loathed trying to
fit Wolverhampton Wanderers into a small horizontal box. He also on
numerous occasions writes West Brom and then adds Albion at a jaunty
angle at the end, as if there were numerous other sporting franchises
operating out of West Bromwich in the late 19th century).
Slavish devotion to alphabetical ordering put Accrington top and Wolves,
sorry, Wolverhampton Wanderers, at the bottom, which isn’t an ideal way to
view a league table, something tacitly acknowledged by the compiler, who
has added the teams’ positions on the left- and right-hand side as well as
writing out the table in positional order in the bottom margin. As an exercise
in precise spidery calligraphy it’s a marvel, but as an at-a-glance information
source it’s not ideal.
Reliability and accuracy, then, cannot be guaranteed from data collected
from this era. With no way of re-watching goals for more than half of the
game’s codified history, the number of errors that must have slipped through
the net is disturbing. An average Premier League season will see around
1,000 goals and roughly 50 will have needed considerable study and may
have required reassigning or adjusting in some way. To think that this is the
case in homogenous modern stadiums, where players are obliged to wear kit
that easily identifies them, leads you to suspect that the proportion in the
1880s, 1890s and early decades of the 20th century must have been much
higher. This was barely given a thought when Jamie Vardy’s Premier League
record of scoring in 11 consecutive matches was compared unfavourably
with Jimmy Dunne’s feats in the 1930s. With anecdotal evidence that early
data collectors could be influenced by favouritism and even by their
employer (most were employed by the home team), it casts a partial if not
total shadow over much of the data we have from the game’s early period.
The next leap forward, or upwards at least, came in the 1950s with the flinty
arrival of Charles Reep into the data collection world. Reep, an RAF wing
commander (and a man who had an innate need to command wingers), began
recording football numbers in March 1950 after being disillusioned by the
opening 45 minutes of a game at Swindon, an unusual outcome from a
relatively common experience. He concentrated on the somewhat amorphous
term ‘attacking moves’, something he calculated that a team would have
around 300 of per game (obviously not all these Reepian moves led to a shot,
even in the 1950s).
Just a year later, Reep’s combination of data collection and the
rudimentary analysis he layered on top led to him snaring a part-time job at
Brentford, truly a club friendly towards the Non-Proper Football Man
community, and the Bees’ subsequent recovery in the league bathed Reep in
a favourable light, one that allowed him to continue his research throughout
the remainder of the decade.
The brutal essence of Reep’s work was that direct football was far more
effective than longer chains of passes, in terms of number of goals scored, a
conclusion he drew from data collected from fewer than 600 matches over a
period of more than a decade (just two Premier League seasons contain 760
games, and Reep’s selection method, a mixture of World Cups, international
friendlies and league games, brings a vast element of cherry picking into the
equation straight away).
Reep’s Damascene moment in Wiltshire, and his subsequent work with
Brentford, observing lower league players whose skill levels were naturally
lower than the stars of the day and thus less suited to ‘Continental’ passing
patterns, was inevitably also a factor in his zealous backing for direct
football. Reep seemed to not just dislike progressive football but to be
actively disgusted by it, a kind of Mary Whitehouse figure, but for through
balls.
This loathing of footballing artistry seeps out in the headlines on some of
Reep’s published articles from the era, such as ‘This Pattern-Weaving Talk Is
All Bunk’ from 1961, which would be an excellent segment on Monday
Night Football, and in a 1962 piece given the superbly English headline ‘Are
We Getting Too Clever?’. Using the vagaries of our pal the internet I
managed to find a man on the south coast who had a copy of World Sports
magazine (April 1962) and, after purchasing it (for substantially more than
the 2 shillings cover price) and reading it, I feel that Reep’s analysis in it
deserves a closer look.
The piece starts with Reep explaining how the study is of England’s
performances in the 1960–61 and 1961–62 seasons and that, although he
attended only four matches in each of the two seasons, he saw the goals from
the other matches on television. A gigantic data table on the second page
confirms this with ‘full’ data for eight England games and goal summaries
for some other matches.
Reep notes that of the 48 goals England scored in the two-year period, 12
of them came from moves of three or more passes (the hated ‘indirect play’),
neatly proving his principle that only one in four goals comes from
unnecessarily complicated construction methods. He also notes, with dismay,
that England have become less direct in 1961–62, something that is clearly a
concern to Reep with a World Cup in Chile looming. He does state that
‘“association with” does not mean “reason for”’, a sort of early sixties
version of ‘correlation does not imply causation’ but in the closing section of
the piece proceeds to veer wildly from this stated stance.
First, Reep posits the idea that ‘there is no indication that skill in passing
the ball has much, if any, bearing on winning matches’ despite having no
passing data other than his ‘passing move’ numbers. We can’t look into his
accuracy on this for 1961 or 1962 but we can do for the 1966 World Cup (see
Chapter Six for more details on exactly how). Of the 40 goals in Reep’s study
of the 1958 World Cup (there were 126 goals in total and we have no idea
from the article which matches Reep included, which could, of course, have
skewed the outcome in many ways), just eight (20 per cent) came from
moves of more than three passes, with the maximum number of passes in a
move that resulted in a goal being just eight.
In the (complete) Opta data for the 1966 World Cup, the proportion of
goals coming from moves of four or more passes is a reasonably similar (to
Reep’s incomplete 1958 data) 22 per cent, but there are eight goals coming
from moves of six or more passes, with Helmut Haller’s goal for West
Germany against Uruguay taking the intricacy crown with 13. Reep’s
thoughts on that particular goal remain unknown but the fundamental flaw in
his thinking remains: the majority of goals (penalties, rebounds, free-kicks,
scrappy play) will come from small passing chains or no passing chains at all,
but that does not make them more productive than an intricate approach. The
best teams control games by retaining possession and destabilise their
opponents by moving the ball in unpredictable ways. Smashing a team
repeatedly with aerial assaults may have been tantalisingly attractive to an
RAF man, but the wing commander was mistaken.
Similarly, a glance at the (Opta) pass completion data for 1966 shows that
winners England had the third best pass completion rate in the opposition
half. In 1970, winners Brazil had the best pass completion rate in the
opposition half. In 1974 winners West Germany had the best pass completion
rate in the opposition half. In 1975 there was the incident with the pigeon.
You get the idea. It’s not that there weren’t elements of insight in what Reep
was putting forward, it’s just that with a small dataset and a big chip on his
shoulder, he kept ending up firmly in the wrong place. In other words, all this
direct football talk is just bunk.
Reep ends ‘Are We Getting Too Clever?’ with a series of scattergun
broadsides such as: ‘Reflection upon the significance of all this must cause
one to question many tactics now widely praised as “good football”. One
might ask the following questions: Is the “building up” of attacks by
“thoughtful”, “cultured” football in the “Continental” style, with use of
“link men” a fundamentally unsound ideology?’ and ‘Have British observers
been deceived for years by too readily accepting the assurances that
“Continental style” football is superior to the English direct style (as it was
before 1953) and therefore has to be imitated? Statistics prove the answer to
all these questions is definitely YES.’
Reep’s repeated use of inverted commas around ‘cultured’ and
‘Continental’, as well as his reference to England’s superiority-destroying
evisceration by Hungary in 1953, an event that seems to have left the wing
commander with deep mental scars, points to a man who shaped the data he
collected around an existing belief, rather than seeing what the underlying
trends were really pointing to. Sadly, English football did slowly succumb to
Reep’s bleak world view and 1966, of course, remains the international
team’s only major honour. Brexit means Brexit, and World Cup exit means
World Cup exit. You can point to occasional successes for direct football in
the decades that followed (Watford under Graham Taylor, Cambridge under
John Beck) but it’s no substitute for the artistry that led the likes of Brazil to
the greatest honours in the game.
Is it unfair to dissect someone’s well-intentioned article from more than
half a century ago? Possibly, but it illustrates something that Opta has always
strived to avoid, that is, drawing stark, binary conclusions from datasets
(particularly ones as limited and restricted as Charles Reep’s). Reep claimed
that his data proved something, a position no modern analyst would dare to
occupy. Reep can be applauded for his pioneering data collection but not
much else.
It took until the mid-1990s for a new way of collecting football data to
emerge, specifically 1996, when Opta was founded. At this stage Opta
worked much like Reep, with paper and pencils, but crucially this was the
heyday of VHS and, with all Premier League games being filmed, a complete
dataset, albeit one that took four or five hours to compile, was available for
every match. By 2002, team and player data was available live and by the
middle of the decade every single game analysed contained around 2,000
pieces of information collected on custom-built computer software, including
x, y & z coordinates and timestamps for every on-the-ball event. Big data for
football had arrived.
Opta initially worked mainly with the print and broadcast media but by the
mid-2000s there were a handful of football clubs who saw the potential in
receiving regular information on their own players and/or their opponents.
This complemented or competed with reports from other data collectors such
as Prozone, and by the end of the decade other companies were even offering
the speed and distance data in a live format. Increased revenue and
competition in some of Europe’s top leagues such as the Premier League and
Bundesliga meant that clubs were looking for any advantage they could find,
and starting to employ their own data analysts and researchers.
This was football’s Moneyball moment, and yet, really, it wasn’t. Michael
Lewis’s 2003 book about sabermetrics, Billy Beane and the Oakland A’s had,
as the decade progressed, slowly turned more conservative sports on to the
potential of using data to enhance both their own players’ performance and to
unearth hidden diamonds at other teams. These principles apply equally to
football as they do to baseball but, as people discovered fairly quickly, the
fact that football is an invasion sport (i.e., not turn by turn) and extremely low
scoring as well, means that even identifying the metrics that value players
best is difficult, never mind applying them to the real world where form,
personality and psychology all play a part in the heady mix.
Certain other sports have generally agreed benchmarks and key
performance indicators but, even in 2017, football is still searching for any
kind of ‘holy grail’ that ‘solves’ the game, and it is unlikely it will ever be
found. Instead, clubs are increasingly seeing the benefit in another overused
phrase, marginal gains, many of which are delivered by careful applications
of data and statistical modelling.
To this end, in 2012, OptaPro was created. It is a dedicated channel and
resource for professional sports organisations, at its heart powered by the
biggest sporting database in the world, and which aims to help teams scout
their opponents and recruit new talent in a more effective way.
Unsurprisingly, compared to the elements of Opta that fans are exposed to in
the media, this is a secretive world, where competitive advantage and
innovation are kept close to the chest, although events such as the OptaPro
Forum, held every February and attended by football clubs from across the
globe, are important for innovation and the development of ideas.
The head of OptaPro is Ben Mackriell, who has previously worked at
Burnley, Norwich, Reading, Fulham and Everton. Initially introduced to the
world of microanalysis as a Welsh youth hockey international in his teens,
Mackriell’s life and career has coincided with the rise of performance
analysis in UK sport. A sports science degree at Liverpool John Moores
University led to his first role at Everton in their analysis department, a key
development in David Moyes’s transformation of the club in the 2000s.
I asked him about the biggest barriers he has faced in his career in an
emerging but often wildly misunderstood area of the sport. ‘The issue has
always been the deeply embedded culture that exists within the game, where
decisions around assessing or changing performance are made through “gut
feel” and “instinct”. Due to the fact the game overall has progressed so
rapidly and successfully over the last 20 years, the result has often meant a
lack of progression in coaching processes and scouting because “it’s always
been done this way”. All of this means that the huge influx of people with
backgrounds like mine, who have come into the game in the last ten years,
has received significant resistance to changing this culture as I believe often
it’s seen as a threat to the roles of these “football lifers”, but this simply isn’t
the case.’
No matter what career you embark on, gaining the trust of people above
you and learning from them is the key to progression. Mackriell agrees. ‘The
challenge was more for people like me to be willing to learn about the game
from the people who really know it. The best piece of advice I was ever given
was by a coach at the start of my career: “Forget everything you think you
know about the game and learn from people who do.” By taking this
approach, analysts are able to learn about the tactical side of the game and
look at the game in the way coaches and scouts do, which means you can
have the football conversations with them, which, in turn, creates buy-in to
your more data-driven ideas.’
At the 2017 OptaPro Forum, Dennis Lock, director of analytics at the
Miami Dolphins, delivered a speech in which the key message was that
‘simple and clever is better than complicated and brilliant’, stemming from
the fact that one of the biggest disconnects preventing the successful
application of analytics in sport is the overly complicated, possibly nerdy
approach of the analyst clashing with the dressing-room culture the coach has
to dominate.
This is something that Ben Mackriell has experienced and tried to fix. ‘The
biggest impact in football data and analytics is the culture of innovation that
has allowed us to contextualise data in a way that actually means something
to coaches and players and can impact performance and change it,’ he says.
‘In the professional game this took a long time but, through years of the
growing analyst community working with coaches, we’ve figured out ways to
use data to reflect a coaching message or support tactical analysis. This has
now created a new wave of metrics like Expected Goals, which describes the
quality of chances in a game, something coaches talk about and assess
themselves in every game. In the professional sector, it is the culture change
that was shaped by analysts who understood the tactical side of the game that
has had the most significant impact on football data.’
The development and impact of something like Expected Goals is
interesting here as it closes the circle between the old-fashioned football men,
the data analysts and even the looming spectre of Wing Commander Charles
Reep. How many times has a co-commentator or pundit said something along
the lines of ‘he has to score there’, essentially applying their own chance-
quality method to a random player? What was Reep’s lifelong mission if not
to maximise a team’s scoring opportunities through an admittedly flawed
dogma? Technology has brought us to a point where the pundit doesn’t have
to rely on his subjective judgement, and Reep, were he alive, would not be
restricted to a limited dataset from 500 or so games. Now there is a database
of more than a million shots, each with a calculated probability of scoring,
based on the performance of every single player to have taken one from that
exact position on the pitch.
There’s no turning back now. Contrary to those newspaper articles that
dredge up disgruntled former managers to complain about groupthink transfer
policies, data and analytics are now deeply embedded in the ecosystem of
most football clubs in Europe, from the Champions League red giants to the
relative dwarfs in the second tiers and lower, something Mackriell knows
from working with them every day of the year (for analysts, unlike players,
the summer, for understandable reasons, can be even busier than the actual
season). ‘In the last three to five years I’ve seen a huge surge in the amount
that clubs at all levels of the game are using data across the whole club. Clubs
rightly keep their internal processes very private but I’m not sure people
realise the level of depth and detail that coaches and scouts go into using data
to analyse team and player performance. The first real data analytics that was
done in clubs focused around assessing physical performance and this is still
probably the most universal use of data because it’s a more mature area of
data analysis than the use of technical data. However, now, tactically focused
analytics is being done at every professional football club in some form.
Whether that’s using data to analyse the style of play of their next opposition,
identifying scouting targets by using statistical profiling to assess a player’s
fit for their team or assessing the development of academy players – data is
now used extensively throughout a club to support decision-making.’
And, although football is unlikely to ever be ‘solved’ by numbers, the
spirit of the Oakland A’s is still present. ‘Probably the most interesting
misconception is that this type of work can only be done by the cash-rich,
elite, Champions League-type clubs with the resources to spend on this type
of work,’ says Mackriell. ‘However, in the spirit of Moneyball, it is actually
some of the smaller clubs in the bottom half of top divisions or even second-
tier teams that are doing the most advanced data-driven work to try and make
smarter decisions. It is pretty easy to identify the clubs who are taking this
type of approach as they are often the ones that are perceived to consistently
outperform their resources.’
What does the future hold for data in sport? As we’ve seen, people from other
epochs were equally committed to the concept of collecting and using
sporting numbers as those in the 21st century, the only real difference is the
advancement in technology, which is something that should continue in the
coming years. Something like Expected Goals is derived solely from the data
Opta collects but there is huge potential in combining different datasets to
create entirely new metrics, something that Perform, Opta’s parent group, is
investing in heavily at the moment.
Ben Mackriell agrees that constant innovation and development is the key
to the sector’s continued growth. ‘The hot topic in the professional analytics
community is the ability to better assess aspects of the game such as
defensive structure or off-the-ball movement. These conversations tend to
centre around the need for the continued advancement of player-tracking data
in combination with technical data to allow us to assess these key aspects of
performance and the ability to statistically recognise the shape of a team or
the tactics they are trying to employ. Also, one of the biggest questions asked
by scouts and directors of football is how can we quantify the difference
between leagues and the relative performance of a player in one league to the
league they play in. The ability to assess this could have a huge impact on
scouting and recruitment.’
There was minor excitement in 2016 when Football Manager added data
analysts as a staff role in the popular computer game, although the lack of
clarity on what they actually did in the game hinted at how their real-life
tasks remain shrouded in mystery. Nevertheless, it did show how the sector
has changed over the past decade, from a niche curiosity to an essential part
of the structure of a modern football club. The three pillars of the industry are
ideas, technology and data collection and, as long as all three are equally
nurtured and developed, then the importance of sports data in the 21st century
will only grow further.
Premier League season No. 1: 1992–93
Is it called the Premiership? NOT YET
Champions: Manchester United
Relegated: Nottingham Forest, Middlesbrough, Crystal Palace
Top scorer: Teddy Sheringham (22)
Most assists: Éric Cantona (16)
Biggest win: Blackburn 7–1 Norwich/Sheffield United 6–0 Tottenham
Overview
Here we go, here we go, here we go, here we go, this is it. Those were the
basic but undeniably accurate lyrics to Sky’s Super Sunday coverage, which
launched (the first human mentioned by presenter Richard Keys was fictional
criminal Robin Hood) along with the new competition in August 1992. Luton
and Notts County, relegated along with West Ham at the end of 1991–92,
remain the only clubs to receive Premier League prize money (£1.5 million in
the form of parachute payments, a new phrase but one that would become
more familiar as time progressed) without ever appearing in the competition.
The new competition looked much like the old one, though, with
Manchester United, who had come so close to ending their long title wait the
season before, battling with Aston Villa and surprise package Norwich City
for the first Premier League crown (and the new trophy did have a detachable
crown, ushering in an era of players wearing said crown on their heads during
the title celebrations). This was still a campaign without squad numbers and it
was the first season in which the new back-pass rule was enforced, which
seemed to hamper some teams more than others, with Liverpool conceding
55 goals, their most in a league campaign since 1964–65.
England’s slow emergence from continental exile was highlighted by the
fact that it didn’t have a single quarter-finalist in European competition,
something that wouldn’t happen again until 2014–15, but no one really
minded as the entertainment on the domestic front was ramping up.
Manchester United took only one point from their opening three games and
didn’t reach top spot until January. An abysmal March, when they took only
six points from five games, handed the initiative to former manager Ron
Atkinson at Aston Villa but seven successive wins in April and May,
including the magnificent dawning of Fergie-time against Sheffield
Wednesday, ensured that their time not being champions of England was
ended at 26 years.
The biggest surprise was Nottingham Forest finishing bottom of the
league. Since landing the title in 1978, Brian Clough’s team had finished
lower than ninth only once (12th in 1981–82) and had finished eighth in the
two seasons preceding 1992–93. An opening weekend win against Liverpool
via a goal from Teddy Sheringham looked promising, but the striker moved
to Tottenham a week later and Forest proceeded to lose six games in a row
and sink to the foot of the table. They briefly escaped the relegation zone at
the end of February but two wins from their final 14 matches condemned the
two-time European champions to the second tier and Clough to retirement at
the age of only 58. Alex Ferguson won eight Premier League titles after he
was 58.
Three Things We May Have Just Learnt About 1992–93
Positively negative
East Anglia has never been a boiling hotbed of association football but both
Ipswich and Norwich have flirted with excitement at different times;
Ipswich’s league title in the 1960s and 1981 UEFA Cup success being
notable examples. Norwich’s peak is harder to pinpoint but the period
between 1992 and 1994 is a good candidate (with honourable mentions for
their League Cup wins in 1962 and 1985). In the Premier League’s first
season the Canaries battled with Manchester United and Aston Villa for the
title, under manager Mike ‘Ian’s dad’ Walker and led, up front, by a wholly
positive Chris Sutton. A third-place finish was enough to qualify the Norfolk
side for the UEFA Cup in 1993–94 (when they became the first English team
to beat Bayern Munich at the Olympic Stadium in European competition) but
the notable fact about that third place is that they did it with a negative goal
difference (minus 4 as it happens), the best top-flight finish by a team who
scored fewer than they let in (OK, Burnley came third with minus 2 in 1898–
99 but this was the goal average era, and it was 1899). Sixteen of Norwich’s
21 wins were by a single goal margin, while they lost by three or more goals
on five occasions, including 7–1 and 5–1 batterings at Blackburn and
Tottenham respectively. Only two teams have since finished in the top five
with a negative goal difference, West Ham (fifth in 1999 on minus 7) and
Everton (fourth in 2005 on minus 1). Like your mum and/or your life coach
told you, sometimes even negatives can be positives.
Visitors
The modern Premier League is awash with representatives from the global
game but in 1992–93 overseas players were still a rare treat, with only 52
from countries other than the UK and Ireland. Some, like Robbie Earle
(Jamaica) and Ruel Fox (Montserrat), would have been seen as English at the
time, only later playing for countries they qualified for through ancestry.
Earle and Peter Schmeichel (Denmark) were the only ‘foreigners’ to play in
all 42 games in 1992–93, while Éric Cantona (France, 15) scored more than
twice as many goals as any other foreign player. The country represented the
most was, in a manner that reeks of the early 1990s, Norway, with eight
players (name themfn1), while Oldham’s Dutchman Orpheo Keizerweerd
remains, in my opinion, the most obscure player to play in the Premier
League in its history.
Fables of the Reconstruction

‘Who scored the first ever Premier League goal?’ has been used in pub
quizzes so often that there really should be a drinking establishment called
‘The Brian Deane’. But Deane’s goal, from a long throw, goal origin fans,
was just one of 15 he scored in that first season, as many as more storied
contemporaries such as Éric Cantona, Mark Hughes and Ian Wright, and the
publicity around his Premier League–opening strike possibly went a long
way to earning him his third and final England cap, against Spain in
September 1992. Deane also ended his varied career with a pair of
appearances in the Champions League, thanks to a brief spell at Benfica in
1998.
Verdict
It was billed as a ‘whole new ball game’ but the main trends of the 1992–93
season were continuations of those seen at the end of the First Division era,
notably the rise of Manchester United under Alex Ferguson. The first live
game shown on Sky Sports was Nottingham Forest v Liverpool and the two
clubs, so powerful in the 1970s and 1980s, both fell off their perches as the
Premier League era gathered pace. Norwich and Villa showed that there were
still opportunities for unfancied teams but 1993–94 would see the continued
improvement of monied Blackburn and resurgent Newcastle as the new
reality started to make itself known.
Is it called the Premiership? RED ALERT: IT HAS JUST BEEN

RENAMED THE PREMIERSHIP
Relegated: Swindon Town, Oldham Athletic, Sheffield United
Top scorer: Andy Cole (34)
Most assists: Andy Cole (13)
Biggest win: Newcastle United 7–1 Swindon Town
Overview
After a tentative birth into a new world in 1992–93, this was the season when
the fledgling competition took more confident steps to differentiate itself
from what had gone before. Teams were now obliged to wear squad numbers
(mavericks Arsenal and Sheffield Wednesday had worn them in the 1993
League and FA Cup finals a few months earlier) and the league was now
called the FA Carling Premiership. After their nervy progress to a first title in
more than a quarter of a century the previous season, Manchester United had
no hesitation in adding a second Premier League title 12 months later, as well
as the FA Cup, to become only the sixth team to do the double. This was the
muscular, super-charged United midfield of Paul Ince and new signing Roy
Keane in the centre, with Kanchelskis, Sharpe and Giggs providing pace and
direct threat from wide positions. Alex Ferguson may have gone on to build
superior teams later in his career, but this one remains one of his most
cherished.
The 1993–94 season also marked the installation of the first of (so far) 52
managers in the Premier League from outside of the British Isles, in the form
of Ossie Ardiles at Tottenham. It would be another three years before he was
succeeded by the second and third overseas bosses: Ruud Gullit at Chelsea
and, possibly surprisingly given he is still here, Arsène Wenger at Arsenal. It
is difficult to recall just how unusual it was to see someone manage a top-
flight side for whom English was not their first language, and coverage of
Ardiles during his 17 months at Spurs was always on the uncomfortable side
of enthusiastic. ‘See how the foreigner doesn’t try to defend! LOL.’ (NB, no
one knew what LOL meant in 1994.)
In Newcastle’s first season back in the top flight they scored 82 goals, a
total they have never since matched at the highest level. They came closer to
the title in later campaigns, but the relentless, semi-naive nature of the team
in this season, under Kevin Keegan, has rarely been emulated in English
football, with Brendan Rodgers’s Liverpool side in 2013–14 perhaps the
nearest replica. Wimbledon’s excellent form at the end of the season led to
Joe Kinnear picking up the final two manager-of-the-month awards, but his
team’s 3–2 defeat at Everton on the final day, after being 2–0 up, got the
Toffees out of a fix and kept them up. Elsewhere in the relegation battle,
Southampton became the first team in the Premier League era to lose more
games than any other club and not go down (something since emulated by
West Ham in 2006–07 and Wolves in 2010–11), while Swindon were, well,
Swindon (see below).
Swindon Down
Swindon’s elevation to the top flight came after their ‘fake’ promotion in
1990, when illegal payment sanctions meant they were relegated two
divisions (later commuted to one demotion). Their performances under Glenn
Hoddle in 1992–93 (with the manager luxuriating in his latter-day role as a
genuine sweeper) saw them win the play-offs for a second time in three
years, and this time they were up. Sadly for Wiltshire football fans, Hoddle
decamped to struggling Chelsea (five Premier League games at Stamford
Bridge in 1992–93 had attracted fewer than 15,000 fans) that summer. Taking
the reins at the ramshackle County Ground was amiable Scot John Gorman,
described by Stan Collymore as a ‘cone man’ when Gorman assisted Hoddle
in the England set-up. Four games into their first, and so far only, top-flight
campaign, Town had conceded 14 goals, including five against both
Liverpool and Southampton. By 22 August they propped up the entire
division and would do for the rest of the season (97.4 per cent of their
Premier League existence was in the relegation zone, an all-time record,
unsurprisingly), yet the Robins had conceded ‘only’ 43 goals by the halfway
stage of the season, so the century still looked unlikely. But it was a bleak
early winter, mid-winter, late winter and spring in Wiltshire, with Gorman’s
hapless team letting in 26 goals between 15 January and 12 March, before
ending the season with a 5–0 home loss to Leeds to clock up the hundred.
Club stalwart Shaun Taylor was the only player to be on the pitch as all 100
goals went in, and his side became the first to let in 100-plus goals since
Ipswich in 1963–64. Still, at least Swindon hadn’t been league champions
two years earlier like the Suffolk side.
Andy Cole, Andy Cole, Andy Andrew Cole

Never a cultivator of the media, Andy Cole’s record in the Premier League
has frequently been overlooked in favour of Alan Shearer’s (actually, mainly
just Alan Shearer’s), Thierry Henry’s and Wayne Rooney’s. But Cole’s
performances at Newcastle before he moved to Manchester United (and won
virtually every honour possible) were exceptional. The 1993–94 season was
Cole’s first real crack at the top flight (after one Division One appearance for
Arsenal), and he did not disappoint. Not only was he the division’s top scorer
with 34 goals (none of them a penalty) but he also led the assists chart with
13 (never again would he reach double figures in a Premier League
campaign), thanks to his captivating partnership with Peter Beardsley. Only
one other player in Premier League history has scored and created the most
goals in a season, Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink in 1998–99, and he was only a
joint leader in both categories. Cole’s 1993–94 season, therefore, has a strong
argument for being the most devastating contribution by a centre-forward in
the competition’s 25-year history. Outstanding.
No fun Gunners
At Arsenal, the George Graham era was unknowingly winding its way
towards a sorry, illegal payment-based end, although his team did follow up
their haul of two domestic trophies in 1993 with the European Cup Winners’
Cup in 1994. In the Premier League Arsenal secured a fourth-place finish, an
improvement on a dour 10th the previous season. Even so, the 1993–94
Gunners were the lowest-scoring team in the top nine, and although Ian
Wright and Kevin Campbell chipped in with a healthy 23 and 15 goals
respectively, only four other players scored in the league for Arsenal. Paul
Merson scored seven, Alan Smith three, and Ray Parlour and Steve Bould
contributed one each. That spread of six scorers in an entire season remains
the smallest, most meagre, spread at any club in the Premier League era.
Boring, boring.
Verdict
The 1993–94 season has a certain early-era charm that 1992–93 probably
doesn’t. Swindon’s epochal demise, the arrival of Keegan’s renaissance
Newcastle, the pace and power of Manchester United and, not least, squad
numbers (in the last Premier League season not to see at least one team wear
a kit made by Nike). A classic of the genre, 1993–94 should be cherished like
a fine wine. (NB, no one knew what fine wine was in 1994.)
Is it still called the Premiership? OBVIOUSLY
Champions: Blackburn Rovers
Relegated: Ipswich Town, Leicester City, Norwich City, Crystal Palace
Top scorer: Alan Shearer (34)
Most assists: Matthew Le Tissier (15)
Biggest win: Manchester United 9–0 Ipswich Town
Overview
SAS: Bravo for the 2–0. Blackburn’s title win under Kenny Dalglish rated
only 6/10 on the romance scale (if we consider Leicester in 2015–16 to be a
solid 10) owing to the funds pumped in by club owner and metallurgy icon
Jack Walker. But while this wasn’t largesse on an Abramovich/Sheikh
Mansour scale (even the source of Walker’s wealth, the long-neglected
British steel industry, seems quaint), it was enough to shake up the top of
English football. Described by the Independent as ‘the most unpopular man
in English football’ on Blackburn’s arrival in the newly formed Premier
League in 1992, some of Walker’s abundant coin was shipped to
Southampton for striker Alan Shearer ahead of 1992–93 and he proceeded to
score 47 goals in 61 games in Rovers’ first two seasons back in the top tier.
But 1994–95 was his masterpiece: the only Premier League season in which
Shearer featured in every league game for either of his clubs; the England
man scored 34 goals in 42 appearances, as well as supplying 13 assists.
Shearer had been joined in the summer of 1994 by Chris Sutton, who had
signed for a new British record of £5 million (which would possibly get you a
right-back in the Championship in 2017), and his partnership with Shearer
was the driving force behind Rovers’ successful title tilt. Between them the
pair scored 49 of Blackburn’s 78 goals (63 per cent) while also supplying 23
assists (they assisted each other 13 times alone), forming possibly the greatest
strike partnership in Premier League history, and certainly the one most
associated with a Hereford-based military special forces unit.
Even so, had Manchester United managed to beat West Ham on the final
day, instead of dominating the match but drawing 1–1, they would have
recorded a third successive title, which would have been a good thing, but
also, possibly, a bad thing as their failure was a large reason why Alex
Ferguson ditched big-name stars such as Mark Hughes, Andrei Kanchelskis
and Paul Ince (although the suspended Éric Cantona was spared), and pressed
a glowing red button marked ‘the class of ’92’.
22 and out
It’s a marathon not a sprint, but it used to be more of a marathon. The 1994–
95 Premier League season was the last to feature 22 teams, the four teams
going down being replaced by two as the league sliced four games off each
team’s chunky itinerary. The current run of 22 seasons with fewer than 40
games per team is the longest such run since the pre-First World War era,
with 42 games a season having been an absolute between 1919–20 and 1986–
87, before a clumsy campaign with 21 teams in 1987–88 (meaning someone
had a week off every matchday; infuriating for as-yet non-existent fantasy
football players) and a 20-team division between 1988 and 1991. Fitness
maniacs may salute the reduction in games on biomechanical grounds, but
from a statistical point of view, the first three Premier League seasons
containing more games than the subsequent 22 is the equivalent of going over
the edges when colouring in. Messy.
Toffee grapple
Everton’s season ended in triumph with an FA Cup win against Manchester
United (who became the eighth team to finish second in the league and the
FA Cup in the same season, which Everton had done themselves in 1986 and
something only Arsenal in 2001 and Manchester City in 2013 have done
since) but it started in utter disarray. Notorious for flirting with relegation in
the 1990s, the Toffees started 1994–95 by failing to win any of their opening
12 league games, meaning that the previous season’s saviour, Mike Walker,
was ditched and replaced by Joe Royle. The genial Royle lost only six of his
28 league games and led the team to safety, and that cup glory. Everton
remain one of only two teams in Premier League history to win none of their
opening 12 games and not go down, alongside Derby in 2000–01 (not that
Derby team, the other one). After riding out their terrible start, the season
ended with Paul Rideout’s winner at Wembley.
Classy Ferguson destroys Tractor Boys

So Manchester United came second and second, but they came first when it
came to scoring nine goals against Ipswich. Town were a bad team (their total
of 93 goals conceded is the second worst in Premier League history after
Swindon’s delightfully neat 100 a season earlier), but on 4 March 1995 no
one expected United to eviscerate their visitors from Suffolk. It was the first
time a team had scored nine in the top flight since Liverpool had inflicted the
same scoreline on Crystal Palace in 1989, and only Tottenham (9–1 v Wigan
in 2009) have done so since. As you’d imagine, teams scoring nine or more
goals is very much a pre-war escapade (see table), with the highest number of
goals in a top-flight game (14) occurring twice: Villa 12–2 Accrington in
1892 and Tottenham 10–4 Everton in 1958.
Teams scoring 9+ goals in a top-flight game

Era Times
19th century 15
1900s before WWII 21
1946–1992 8
PL era 2
Verdict
The glory went to steely Blackburn but the longer-term beneficiaries were
Manchester United, who used their disappointment to break up their version
one champions and meld the side who would go on to win the treble four
years later. The sight of four teams going down made for exciting viewing.
Norwich, title hopefuls in 1993, were gone just 48 months later, and Crystal
Palace could count themselves particularly unlucky to go down with 45
points, just two years after being relegated with a top-flight joint record of 49.
Just as there had been in 1993–94, there were 1,195 goals, a seasonal total we
are unlikely to see again, in the current format at least.
2.
25 Years of Solitude – the Forgotten Men and
Deeds of the Premier League
‘As soon as someone is identified as an unsung hero, he no longer is’ – George Carlin
Your Ryan Giggs-es, your Frank Lampards, even your Shay Givens. They’ll
never have to convince people that they were Premier League footballers.
Even Mark Draper features on numerous editions of Premier League Years.
But 3,835 people have featured in the competition’s history since that
epochal afternoon in August 1992. Not all of them have performed deeds that
echo down the ages, but there are plenty who deserve at least a footnote.
Here, then, are just a few. To all that have taken part, we salute you.
Lee Norfolk
There can’t be many places the Premier League hasn’t reached. North Korea,
perhaps. Canvey Island, maybe. Even though the world is generally accepted
to be a big place, England’s top flight has been witnessed or read about in
almost every nook and/or cranny. But just who has travelled the farthest to
play in it? That, it seems, would be Lee Norfolk, a player from the New
Zealand city of Dunedin, officially the urban area with more than 100,000
people that is farthest from the UK. Confusingly, Norfolk travelled more than
19,000 kilometres only to end up in the wrong county, with all three of his
Premier League appearances coming for Ipswich Town, of Suffolk, in 1994–
95. His mammoth journey was worthwhile, at least, with two wins and an
assist for Lee Chapman’s only league goal in his long-forgotten spell at
Portman Road. Fans of county-specific endgames will be pleased to learn that
Norfolk did indeed reach Norfolk with a stint at everyone’s favourite
Hanseatic trading post, King’s Lynn, in 1998.
Stewart Castledine
Castledine played only 52 league games in his entire career, exactly half of
which came in the Premier League. He was one of those fringe players at
Wimbledon in their Premier League years, along with the likes of Walid
Badir and Duncan Jupp, so why and how has he made it into this chapter?
Well, Castledine’s 26 appearances in the top flight were spread delightfully
thinly across six seasons and he remains the only player in Premier League
history to play in more than five campaigns yet never appear 10 or more
times in a single season. The footballing equivalent of the Christmas-themed
gravy jug that comes out once a year.
Jens Lehmann
Many of the players in this section are relatively obscure but there are plenty
of stars who deserve their inclusion thanks to some sort of left-field
achievement and Jens Lehmann, the goalkeeper who played in every minute
of Arsenal’s unbeaten league season in 2003–04, is a fine example. Three
bookings in his first three Premier League campaigns at Arsenal did not offer
a hint of what was to come in 2006–07, the season in which the Gunners
moved to the Emirates Stadium, a relocation that possibly drove their
German goalkeeper to madness. For in that season Lehmann managed to
accumulate eight bookings, the most by a goalkeeper in a single campaign.
The finest was probably the fifth, which came against Wigan at Arsenal’s
new stadium. Pushing time-wasting to a new artistic high, Lehmann threw the
ball against the advertising hoardings and it bounced back into the, by
Premier League standards, large area behind the goal. The yellow card meant
that the German missed the League Cup final, although this was the era in
which Arsène Wenger’s slavish commitment to fielding young players meant
it was unlikely he would have featured. Lehmann ended his volatile Premier
League career with 12 yellows in 148 games, which is unlikely to impress
Lee Cattermole, but is the highest cards per game rate by a goalkeeper who
has made more than 100 appearances.
Craig Forrest
While we’re looking at goalkeepers and discipline, let’s not ignore one of the
great pleasures of the game, namely custodians being sent off. The decision
to allow substitute goalkeepers a spot on the bench, made in the early 1990s,
reduced the chances and joy of seeing an outfield player don the gloves, but it
does at least allow spectators to see which outfield player the manager deems
least important as he quickly makes a substitution after his goalkeeper is
shown red. The leaves were still on the trees when Ipswich’s Craig Forrest
was sent off against Sheffield United in September 1992, in one of the first
official mix-ups caused by the new back-pass rule. And without wishing to
labour the medieval arboreal theme, the man brought down by Forrest was
Adrian Littlejohn, while the referee was Ron Groves. Leave it.
Francis Benali
A strong advocate of the moustache long before it became a charity device,
Benali played for Southampton for 16 years, a reliable and spiritually ever-
present full-back throughout the 1990s. His inclusion here is because he was
the first Premier League player to succumb, like the oceans, to the strange
forces unleashed by our lunar neighbour. The answer to the age-old question
‘do more players get sent off when there’s a full moon?’ is ‘yes’, and
Benali’s red at the aptly named White Hart Lane in February 1993 makes him
the competition’s lunatic pioneer.
Chris Freestone
‘Hi, Chris. I hear you played in the Premier League?’
‘That’s right. I played for Middlesbrough in the mid-90s. Not for long,
though.’
‘Still, you played alongside Juninho, right?’
‘Yep, and I scored and assisted on my debut against Sheffield Wednesday.’
‘That seems like it should be pretty rare?’
‘It is. I’m one of only 14 players to have done that.’
‘So what happened next?’
‘I made only one more start, got an assist at Old Trafford as a sub, ended
my top-flight career with just six appearances.’
‘You played at King’s Lynn I see. Was Lee Norfolk still there?’
‘No, he’d left, but people still spoke about it. Norfolk in Norfolk you see.’
‘I’d heard that, yeah. Still, there can’t be many players to play fewer than
seven Premier League games and have a goal and multiple assists to their
name?’
‘I’m the only one.’
‘That is something. That is definitely something. Bye, Chris.’
‘Bye.’
Branko Strupar
They say you need a centre-forward to be a maid in the living room, a cook in
the kitchen and selfish in the penalty box, but even the most focused forward
will occasionally look up and spot a team-mate in a better position. Even
Djibril Cissé assisted two goals in the Premier League. So special mention
must go then to Derby County’s Branko Strupar, who scored 15 goals over
three seasons at Pride Park but did not set up a team-mate for a goal in any of
his 36 appearances. He remains the highest-scoring Premier League player
never to assist a goal, and a bastion of single-mindedness.
Alan Kimble
For every yin there is a yang, and for every Branko Strupar there is an Alan
Kimble. You should already be ahead of me here, but to confirm, Kimble is
the Premier League player who assisted the most goals without ever troubling
the back of the net himself. Kimble created 24 goals for Wimbledon over
seven seasons from his berth at full-back, a touch of artistry in the
mechanical, aggressive heart of the Dons.
Unhappy birthday
Everyone wants a card on their birthday (although many adults will instead
fret about the additional amount of recycling introduced to the weekly
rotation), but no Premier League player wants a red card (clue: not a birthday
card) on their special day. To date, only three players have been sent off on
their birthday: Les Ferdinand in 1993, Gerry Taggart in 1997 and Dwight
Gayle in 2015. Taggart and Gayle were both given their orders in matches
against West Ham, official birthday disruptors of the English Premier
League.
Tomáš Řepka
There are some players whose game is subtly aggressive, and there are some
players who look like they would slide tackle a shipping container. Tomáš
Řepka fits into the latter category and, with a reputed 20 red cards in his
career, was no stranger to the early trudge and the premature bath. Řepka’s
Premier League career was spent at West Ham and he marked his September
2001 debut with a red against Middlesbrough at the Riverside. A week later
(this being the glorious era when suspensions didn’t begin in the next game,
but rather after a somewhat elongated review period) he managed a calm 90
minutes against Newcastle as West Ham collected their first three points of
the season. Chalk his debut transgression up to nerves, perhaps. Řepka then
missed a 5–0 defeat at Everton, a result that must have at least guaranteed his
return to the starting XI for the trip to Blackburn. Unfortunately, Řepka’s
second away appearance brought a second red card after he tripped Corrado
Grabbi; by full-time his new team had lost 7–1. Two reds in three games
marks the most dismal start to a Premier League career by any player. After
the match at Ewood Park his crushed manager, Glenn Roeder, complained
that ‘our squad is at least four or five people short’. Seeing Řepka showered
and changed by 4.30 every week can’t have helped.
Neil Finn
Youngsters who fill certain positions are more likely to get an early chance
than others. Rookie striker: get him on, see what he can do. Willowy
midfielder: let him learn the game alongside the veteran captain. Teenage
goalkeeper: whoa, back away. If he makes a mistake we’re ruined, he’s
ruined, everything’s ruined. The point, essentially, is that goalkeepers usually
have to wait to get their chance. But not always. The youngest goalkeeper to
feature in the Premier League made just one appearance for West Ham, on
New Year’s Day 1996 at Maine Road. Neil Finn, who had turned 17 only
three days earlier, had four seasons condensed into one day and never
featured again for the Hammers. He can at least be comforted that his
particular age-related milestone is unlikely to be challenged in the near
future.
Colin Cramb
A single Premier League appearance for Southampton in December 1993 is
enough to ensure that Cramb has the unique claim of being the only player to
feature in all four divisions of league football in both England and Scotland.
Cramb’s brief brush with the Premier League is also a reminder of a distant
time when most clubs in England had young Scots on their books. Only one
season between 1992–93 and 2005–06 didn’t include a Scottish teenager in
the top flight south of the border, but there hasn’t been a single one since
Grant Hanley in 2011–12.
Peter Atherton
It’s all very well celebrating players who had the tiniest of brushes with the
Premier League but what about rewarding stalwarts who, for some reason or
other, have slipped into the dark recesses of the mind. A good example would
be Peter Atherton, a consistent presence for Coventry and then Sheffield
Wednesday in the 1990s, and the man who made more appearances in the
competition in that decade than any other player. As empires fell (hi,
Liverpool) and dynasties rose (hi, Manchester United) and managers brought
in durum wheat as a source of complex carbohydrates (hi, Arsène Wenger),
Atherton was a steady presence, clocking in his 36.9 appearances each
season. He outlasted Britpop; he will be with us for ever.
Ruben Loftus-Cheek
In January 2017 Ruben Loftus-Cheek made his second Premier League
appearance for current Chelsea manager Antonio Conte. He came on as a
substitute against Leicester City.
In October 2016 Ruben Loftus-Cheek made his first appearance for new
Chelsea manager Antonio Conte. He came on as a substitute against Leicester
City.
In May 2016 Ruben Loftus-Cheek made his final appearance for interim
Chelsea manager Guus Hiddink. He came on as a substitute against Leicester
City.
Radhi Jaïdi
‘Actually,’ you smile wanly, ‘it was a really good game. I’ve genuinely seen
many matches with plenty of goals that were of a lot lower standard than
this.’ Inside you’re fuming, you’ve just expended time and/or money to
watch a 0–0 and everything in the world is wrong. If only there was a player
who guaranteed there would never be a goalless draw. In fact there is, or at
least was, in the form of Tunisian defender Radhi Jaïdi, who played in the
Premier League 61 times without experiencing a game devoid of goals,
despite playing under Alex McLeish at Birmingham for some of those games.
Truly, a mystical force for good (goals).
Philippe Clement
There have been some certifiable big guns born on 22 March, from Emperor
Go-Horikawa, the 86th emperor of Japan, to William Shatner, but it remains
a relatively barren landscape in Premier League terms, the only date in the
calendar to have just a single player born on it (even 29 February has four).
That player, Philippe Clement, is also fairly unremarkable, a journeyman
Belgian who made 12 appearances for Coventry City in the 1998–99 season.
I really have nothing to add here.
Efan Ekoku
I was speaking to my uncle Ben on Saturday and said that many people don’t
know who the first Premier League player to score four goals in a single
game was. He took the glass of champagne out of my hand and said: ‘You
mean Efan Ekoku in September 1993, don’t you?’ I told him that he had
made a very good point and promptly went home.
Sadio Mané
Whether Sadio Mané has a particular love for beaches or the ocean is
unrecorded but his goalscoring certainly seems to be affected by the lunar
forces of the tide. So far in his Premier League career, 29 of Mané’s 34
Premier League goals have come within two nautical miles of the English
coast. It helps that he has played for Southampton and Liverpool, of course,
but this array of goals also includes a decent amount scored at places other
than St Mary’s and Anfield. No man is an island but some men are clearly
inspired by the psychogeographical limits of landmasses.
Aruna Dindane
A lot of players have scored hat-tricks in the Premier League, a few players
have scored lots of hat-tricks in the Premier League (Luis Suárez with six in
110 games certainly stands out), but who is the most obscure Premier League
man to have claimed a hat-trick? The player with the fewest number of games
(16) to have one is Fredi Bobic, but perhaps more interesting is the player
with the second lowest number of games and a hat-trick, Aruna Dindane with
19. That total of appearances is in fact a cruel footnote as the Ivorian, whose
hat-trick came in his fifth game for Portsmouth, was dropped, permanently,
before his 20th match as it would have triggered a £4 million payment to
French club Lens, which Pompey, thrashing about in administration at the
time, absolutely could not afford. Dindane was done.
Robbie Blake
Do you support a football team whose name begins with B? I think you might
as there are lots of them. In the Premier League alone there have been eight
(Barnsley, Birmingham, Blackburn, Blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth,
Bradford and Burnley), but ‘who has played for the most B clubs?’ is the
question that is causing a sensation up and down the country. The answer is
Robbie Blake, who appeared for Bradford, Burnley, Birmingham and Bolton
in a top-flight career that spanned exactly 100 games. Breadth.
Victor Wanyama
If you name your child Victor you’d better hope that if he becomes a Premier
League footballer then he wins more matches than he doesn’t. So far there
have been four players called Victor to appear in the modern-day English top
flight and only one has a win percentage higher than 50 per cent, Victor
Wanyama. Victor Moses, the surprising break-out hero of Chelsea’s title win
in 2016–17, could break through the threshold soon but for Anichebe and
Obinna, the future looks bleak.
Joe Hart
‘Joe Hart!?’ you splutter. ‘Charles Joseph John Hart? What on earth is going
on here, Alexander?’ Look, Joe Hart isn’t an obscure player but hear me out.
A few years back, goalkeeper hipsters were all about glovesmen who scored.
But then your Tim Howards and your Asmir Begovic´s made it a common
event and the obscurantist lost interest. Now, the only way to signal your
achingly cool interest in the men who try to stop goals being scored is by
knowing how many throw-ins the ’keepers have taken. It’s all very well
scoring goals, or winning penalties (see also: Paul Robinson) but the former
implies you have possession and the latter can take place only when your
team has the ball in the opposition’s penalty area. Taking a throw-in, by
contrast, requires the goalkeeper to move to the side of the pitch and to restart
the match. As a statement, it’s a huge one. Anyway, the goalkeeper to have
taken the most throw-ins in the Premier League in the past 10 seasons is Joe
Hart, with four, one ahead of Pepe Reina and Chris Kirkland. Three of Hart’s
total came in Manchester City’s epochal home game with QPR in May 2012
and, given the context of that match, that makes a lot of sense. Goalkeepers
taking throw-ins: look out for it in a stadium near you soon.
Nicolas Anelka
Nicolas Anelka, a player who was probably underrated and overrated at
different points of his surprisingly long Premier League career (364 games,
only two fewer than Roy Keane), is, aptly, the player with the most games
and a win rate of exactly 50 per cent. Was Super Nic going to turn up, or
Nicolas Sulker? You didn’t know and neither, it seems, did he.
Brian Deane
No, not for that goal, but rather for the nine he scored between April 1995
and November 1998 for Leeds and Middlesbrough. In that period, Deane
scored in eight successive appearances on a Sunday, in the sort of sustained
period of Sabbath-based form designed to enrage Christian fundamentalists
and garden centre operators. Deane’s run finally came to an end in December
1998, on the same day Hugo Chávez was elected President of Venezuela.
Is it still called the Premiership? SURE THING
Relegated: Bolton Wanderers, Queens Park Rangers, Manchester City
Most assists: Steve McManaman (15)
Biggest win: Blackburn 7–0 Nottingham Forest
Overview
‘But it really has got to me. I’ve voiced it live, not in front of the press or
anywhere. I’m not even going to the press conference. But the battle is still
on and Man United have not won this yet.’
Those words, the lesser heard conclusion to Kevin Keegan’s famous

explosion on Sky television in 1996 (and ‘Man United’ is such a delightfully
Keeganish and mid-90s abbreviation of the full thing), were the beginning of
the endgame in a classic early Premier League campaign. It was one in which
Newcastle’s first league title since 1927 looked a certainty, before they were
reeled in by a Manchester United team boosted by the return of Éric Cantona
from his kung-fu-trawler suspension, and who were able to grind out a series
of narrow wins. Between the start of March and 17 April, Manchester United
scored only 10 goals in eight games, but picked up 19 points. Thirteen wins
from their final 15 games enabled Ferguson’s team of emerging talents,
despite the infamous grey kit (W0 D1 L4), to demolish Newcastle’s 12-point
lead and claim a third league title in four years. Their monotonous but
effective stalking of ‘The Entertainers’ was a big reason behind the antipathy
United faced throughout the rest of their years of dominance, while
Ferguson’s successful psychological ear-flicking of Keegan set the tone for
future battles with Arsène Wenger and Rafa Benítez.
Defending champions Blackburn were not quite Leicester 2016–17 but
they put up a fairly sorry show in the Premier League (seventh) and took one
point from their first five Champions League matches (in what would be the
last Champions League campaign not to see Manchester United involved
until 2014–15). Even so, they still had the muscle to dole out the odd beating
and their 7–0 destruction of Nottingham Forest in November was the biggest
win by any side in 1995–96, especially impressive as Forest had not lost any
of their previous 25 Premier League games, a run surpassed by only three
teams in the competition’s history.
At the bottom, it’s traditional to say it was a closely fought battle, but this
time it really was. For the first, and so far only, time in Premier League
history, two teams stayed up on goal difference (the same had happened in
1987–88, although the team who went down, Chelsea, did so in a short-lived,
violent and possibly ill-advised relegation play-off). In 1996 it was
Manchester City who were relegated, on 38 points, with Southampton and
Coventry surviving on the same number. Alan Ball’s City team famously
spent the final few minutes of their 2–2 draw with Liverpool on the final day
wasting time, thinking that the point would keep them in the top flight, only
to realise Coventry and Southampton had closed the trapdoor shut and
weighted it down with bricks. Given they had taken two points from their
opening 11 games, City’s demotion on goal difference was a form of
(extremely) minor victory. Two years later City sunk meekly into the third
tier, as Pep Guardiola won a league and cup double in Barcelona’s midfield.
Chicken and beans

Alan Shearer scored three times in Blackburn’s demolition of Forest (see
above), the second of five Premier League hattricks that season, which
remains a competition record. Fifteen of his 31 goals that season, therefore,
came in just five games and it was the third successive season that he had
scored 30-plus goals in league competition. Six other players have scored 30
or more in a Premier League campaign, but no one more than once. By the
end of 1995–96, Shearer had scored 112 Premier League goals in 138
appearances for the Lancashire side, and topped that off by ending the season
as the top scorer at Euro ’96. A pre-season move to Newcastle for £15
million was the romantic option for the Geordie striker but, despite
plundering 148 Premier League goals for the Magpies, Shearer could not add
another medal to his solitary Premier League title with Rovers.
Spice of life
Think of Liverpool in the mid-1990s and certain images spring to mind. The
Spice Boys, Robbie Fowler’s astute left leg, David James’s issues with fifth-
generation games consoles and the white suits on FA Cup final day in 1996
all appear. Roy Evans’s team outscored Keegan’s Entertainers in the league
that year and, perhaps more impressively, did so by using only 19 players in
the entire campaign, the only instance in the competition’s history of a team
using fewer than 20 men. James, Fowler and Steve McManaman played in all
38, with 15 players in total playing at least 20 games. So next time you hear
anyone suggesting this Liverpool team were too delicate to compete, hold up
19 fingers. (NB, you’ll need an additional person to help you.)
Snatch
If red cards were a relative rarity at the dawning of the Premier League era
(there were only 33 shown in the whole of the opening season), a great man
emerged in 1995–96 to take the discipline game to a new level. Vinnie Jones,
a popular menace since the late 1980s, became the first player to receive three
red cards in a season (he also scored three goals and collected three yellow
cards in 1995–96, neatly), all of which came in the space of 108 days
between September and Boxing Day.
Verdict
In August 1995, the Independent’s Premiership preview predicted that
Manchester United, shorn of star players sold and suspended, would finish
fifth, and the paper was not alone. United’s eventual title win, (“You can’t
win anything with kids said Alan Hansen), therefore, remains one of Alex
Ferguson’s best at the club, although it will always be framed by Newcastle
and Kevin Keegan’s corresponding meltdowns in the spring. Even so, after
Blackburn the previous season, it set the narrative template for some time to
come: Ferguson versus determined challenger. Dalglish had gone, Keegan
was soon to follow; somewhere in Japan, Arsène Wenger’s phone (a limited
edition Nokia 8110) began to ring.
Is it still called the Premiership? YES
Relegated: Nottingham Forest, Middlesbrough, Sunderland
Most assists: Éric Cantona (12)
Biggest win: Everton 7–1 Southampton/Newcastle 7–1 Tottenham
Overview
Manchester United’s fourth title in five years – and yet it was supposed to be
so different. Newcastle had signed Alan Shearer for a world-record £15
million and were finally ready to unseat Alex Ferguson’s men. Liverpool
were recovering from the Graeme Souness era and could now field Robbie
Fowler and Stan Collymore, along with an emerging talent called Michael
Owen, while in September Arsenal became only the third team in the Premier
League to appoint a foreign boss (after Tottenham with Ardiles and Chelsea
with Gullit) in the form of Arsène Wenger.
United hit what seemed like a nadir in October with successive defeats to
Newcastle and Southampton, 5–0 and 6–3 respectively, a dark moment that
was followed by a loss to Gullit’s Chelsea, which left the champions in sixth
and seemingly facing an end to their dominance. No such luck for the
challengers; within three months Kevin Keegan had resigned at St James’
Park and Liverpool’s title bid went sour with just four wins in their last 12
games (including a 4–3 win against Newcastle; no, not that one, the other
one). Roy Evans’s Reds had been in the top three since November but slipped
out on the final day, and this in an era in which finishing fourth meant …
largely nothing.
Mopping up like a shadowy dictator were Ferguson’s United, who remain
the only team to concede five or more goals twice in a Premier League title-
winning season (United did the same thing once in 99–00 and 12–13, while
Chelsea and Leicester did it in 14–15 and 15–16 respectively). Their final
points total of 75 would have been enough to get them only third place in
2003–04 and, based on three points for a win, is the lowest title-winning total
since Derby’s in 1975. But there were no asterisks when Ferguson retired; 13
title wins is 13 title wins.
Neal and pray

Nestled in between the soon-to-retire Éric Cantona in first place and the likes
of Gianfranco Zola and Dennis Bergkamp beneath him, the second most
creative player in the Premier League in 1996–97 was Wimbledon’s Neal
Ardley. He played in all eight of Wimbledon’s Premier League campaigns,
yet 11 of the 24 assists he recorded came in one effervescent season, one in
which Wimbledon not only came eighth in the league but also reached the
semi-finals of both the FA Cup and the Coca-Cola Cup. Ardley’s season in
the sunshine has largely vanished from memory but his reputation in south-
west London endures as the manager who led AFC Wimbledon to promotion
from the fourth to the third tier in 2016, finally putting the reformed club
back in the same division as their spin-off rivals MK Dons.
Managers of the month. Of the year? Less so

The Premier League manager of the month is a variable beast. Note, for
instance, that Stuart Pearce has won it three times, as many as three-time title
winner José Mourinho. Arsène Wenger, on the other hand, who has also won
the Premier League three times, has been manager of the month 15 times.
What is a little unusual about 1996–97, though, is that two of the award
winners post-Christmas were teams who were relegated in May. Temporary
Nottingham Forest manager Pearce was the choice in January, thanks to three
wins from four games (this all less than a year after his penalty of redemption
against Spain in Euro ’96, of course), but redemption for the two-time
European Cup winners was short-lived, with Forest scoring only eight times
in their final 14 games, by which point Pearce had handed the reins to Dave
Bassett. The March award went to Middlesbrough’s Bryan Robson, who had
started the year by making his final league appearance (a whole 90 minutes
against Arsenal, 375 days after his previous outing), thanks to four wins from
six, but possibly also thanks to Boro’s enterprising play from the likes of
Juninho and Fabrizio Ravanelli, who led the club to the final of both cup
competitions. Ultimately, a season that promised so much ended in relegation
owing to the three-point deduction the club suffered after failing to fulfil their
fixture at Blackburn in December along with the Knowledge that they had
just played the youth team in that game at Ewood Park they’d have stayed up.
Grey/white
Leeds began the Premier League era as league champions and briefly shook
things up in the early 2000s with a heady mixture of youth and financial
recklessness, but sandwiched in between was some dour old fare, with former
Arsenal manager George Graham almost wholly responsible. In 1996–97
Leeds bent the space/time continuum by scoring 28 times in 38 games yet
still comfortably avoiding relegation. It was the lowest goal total by a top-
flight side who didn’t go down since Bolton in 1898, although the Trotters
had to play only 30 games. Overall Leeds’ games in 96–97 produced an
average of 1.74 goals, with Liverpool in 1970–71 (1.57) the only team to post
a lower figure.
Verdict
The most even of the 25 Premier League seasons, 1996–97’s champions
recorded what remains the lowest points score of the three-points-for-a-win
era, while the three teams who were relegated all finished with at least 90
points in the second tier in 1997–98 (all three would have bounced back had
Charlton not overcome Sunderland in what people like to think of as the
greatest play-off final of all-time). But this evenness, lauded in theory by
many supporters, led only to one of the more forgettable campaigns. There’s
the rub.
Is it still called the Premiership? YES
Champions: Arsenal
Relegated: Crystal Palace, Barnsley, Bolton
Top scorer: Dion Dublin, Michael Owen, Chris Sutton (18)
Most assists: David Beckham (13)
Biggest win: Manchester United 7–0 Barnsley
Overview
The season the lights went out. Not at Arsenal, who recorded their first
league title since 1991 (warning: pre-Premier League) and their second
league and cup double after 1971 (warning: pre-Ceefax), but in the first half
of the season a series of Premiership stadiums suffered floodlight failures and
games were subsequently abandoned. First, at Derby’s new Pride Park in
August, then Upton Park in November and Selhurst Park in December. Bang,
pop, darkness. On each occasion the match was called off, a record for a
Premier League season, with, it eventually emerged, a shady Malaysian
betting syndicate behind the latter two.
You should feel sorry for Neil Shipperley, whose two goals for Palace
against West Ham counted for nothing once the game was abandoned,
although he did score one in the rearranged game (albeit in a 4–1 defeat). The
scorers for West Ham in the game that never was were John Hartson and
competition legend Frank Lampard, whose final career tally of 177 Premier
League goals would have been one higher had it not been for some pliers-
based skulduggery.
Arsenal’s title win in their first full season under French revolutionary
Arsène Wenger seemed pretty unlikely given they were 13 points adrift of
Manchester United at one point, and their total of 54 points with 10 games to
go remains the lowest by any Premier League champions at this stage of a
20-team season. But 10 successive wins between March and May showed the
power of consistency and Wenger’s range of innovative pasta recipes, and a
team who featured Isaiah Rankin, Paolo Vernazza and Gavin McGowan,
lifted their first Premier League crown.
A fascinated horror has been a growing trend over the past two decades
when confronted with the gap between English football’s first and second
tiers, but 1997–98 remains the only Premier League season in which all three
promoted teams have gone straight back down. Barnsley’s demotion was
little surprise: the Yorkshire side had conceded seven, five and six goals in
matches by the end of October and were in the bottom three from then until
the end of the season. Crystal Palace, in contrast, were 13th at Christmas
despite somehow failing to win a home game until late April. By that stage,
the bald dome of Italian winger Attilio Lombardo was in charge of the team,
but a team who were doomed to go down amid the sort of turmoil that would
characterise the club for the next decade.
Bolton were the unluckiest of the three relegated teams, going down
merely on goal difference while Everton survived. That was particularly
significant as those two sides had drawn 0–0 in the first ever league game at
the Reebok Stadium, back in September 1997 (a match in which TV showed
Bolton had scored, although referee Stephen Lodge judged it hadn’t crossed
the line using nothing more than his eyes). In our modern world, shaped as it
is by goal-line technology, human errors like this have been eliminated by
moral robotics, although Everton live on.
Finally, as revealed in last year’s book, but so good it must be repeated,
Andy Roberts buckled the space-time continuum and played against Arsenal
four times in a single league season, twice for Palace and twice for
Wimbledon, those four matches accounting for 5 per cent of his entire
Premier League career. Andy Roberts is our friend; he plays Arsenal.
Three Things We May Have Learnt About 1997–98
When Leicester were good (version one)

Leicester City, under Martin O’Neill, managed the rare feat of winning away
at Anfield and Old Trafford in the same season, something achieved on only
two other occasions by Premier League teams who didn’t end the season as
champions. Those were Wimbledon in 1992–93 and Martin O’Neill again, at
Aston Villa in 2009–10.
The battle of Oakwell

Barnsley may not have survived but they certainly left their mark. The Tykes’
match with Liverpool in late March was the first Premiership game to see a
team reduced to eight men, after referee Gary Willard sent off home trio
Darren Barnard, Chris Morgan and Darren Sheridan. Play was suspended
after the second of those red cards after a berserk fan got on to the pitch and
tried to attack Willard, and the hunted official ended the game needing a
police escort. Only two teams since have been reduced to eight players, and
none with as much raw fury as seen on that spring day at Oakwell.
End of a golden era?

Although not a particularly low-scoring campaign (2.68 per game), no
individual player managed to score more than 18 and the top scoring duties
were shared by a yeoman trio of Michael Owen, Dion Dublin and Chris
Sutton. It continued the Premier League’s record of having only English top
scorers up to this point (indeed the only non-UK/Irish top scorer in English
football’s history at this point had been George Robledo for Newcastle in
1951–52), but in 1998–99 Dwight Yorke and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink
would join Owen at the top of the charts. The era of the stylish overseas
hitman was about to begin.
Verdict
If there is one season in the Premier League that marks the transition from an
old First Division-style affair to the cosmopolitan global brand we now
know, 1997–98 is probably it. The first foreign manager to win the English
league was the start of the future, while the past, represented by Barnsley’s
snarling rage, was gently ushered back into the lower reaches.
3.
You are Liverpool (You Haven’t Won the Title
for 27 years)
1990–91 (it is one year since you won the league title)
You are Liverpool, the reigning champions, and you start the season in
exceptional form. Title-winning form. Imperious form. Liverpool form. You
start the season with 12 wins and a draw from your first 13 games. ‘This time
it seems Liverpool are determined not to let potential rivals for their League
title even dream a little,’ the Guardian says. ‘Liverpool yesterday illustrated
that they have not only the strongest squad in the Football League but also
the finest tacticians,’ purred The Times. It remains, even after all this time,
the joint best opening 13 games in English top-flight history. Your defence
has let in only seven goals at this stage. In early December you lose 3–0 at
Arsenal (who had recently been deducted two points for their part in a royal
rumble at Old Trafford), with six recognised defenders in the team: Ablett,
Burrows, Nicol, Venison, Gillespie, Hysen. Six defenders, three goals
conceded. That’s OK, no one can go through an entire season unbeaten in the
modern game. The crowd at Highbury know that.
You end 1990 with a defeat against Crystal Palace, who had shocked you
in April in the FA Cup semi-final. Still, you’re Liverpool. The reigning
champions. Make the most of it, it’s not happening again any time soon.
Think about this: at least two clubs whose name begins with L are going to
win the league before you do again (while you started the season with eight
straight wins, Leicester lose seven of their first eight in the second tier and
will finish 22nd of 24 clubs. They are going to be champions of England
before you are again. Leicester City. Champions. It will happen).
People in the future will focus on the resignation of Kenny Dalglish in late
February as the beginning of the beginning of the end but you’d won only
four of 11 league games before he quits. In the turmoil that follows you lose
at Luton, you lose at home to Arsenal (their harvesting of six points against
you is a fairly major factor in them winning the title by seven points), you
lose at home to QPR (QPR! Their only ever top-flight win at Anfield, 20 per
cent of their top-flight goals at Anfield come on this one day, in March
1991), you lose at Southampton, at Chelsea, at Forest. You lose the title. It’s
not coming back any time soon. ‘Liverpool are the reigning champions.’ Not
any more. Not for a long time.
1991–92 (it is two years since you won the title)

Graeme Souness, Liverpool icon, Liverpool legend. Graeme Souness,
Liverpool manager, Liverpool pariah. Graeme Souness, appointed earlier in
1991, sees his Dalglish-built team fail to win the title. Graeme Souness,
decides to rebuild Liverpool FC, starts spending money. Dean Saunders
comes in, Peter Beardsley goes out. Last season you scored 77 goals, this
season you score only 47. Only once (1970–71) have you scored fewer in a
42-game season. Forty-seven goals, as many as Ian Rush scored in all
competitions in 1983–84. European champions in 1984, diminished horizons
in 1992. Forty-seven goals, and 11 of them come against Notts County and
Oldham. Forty-seven goals, and two of them are cherished. The two that
come on 26 April that end Manchester United’s hopes of winning the title.
You can’t win the league any more but you can stop others from doing so.
Your season is, an FA Cup win against Second Division Sunderland aside,
not one for the ages, but United have gone 25 years without winning the
league. Twenty-five years: unimaginable. After a decade finishing in the top
two, you end sixth. Liverpool FC in sixth place. People look at the league
table just to marvel at such a curiosity.
1992–93 (it is three years since you won the title)

The FA Premier League, brand new start, brand new approach, same old
decisions. Which team is shown live on the first Super Sunday? Liverpool, of
course. The big guns. Centenary Year. New badge. The champions-in-
waiting. The actual champions, Leeds (they beat you last week in the Charity
Shield, you conceded four goals, three to Éric Cantona, he looks up for it),
get a three o’clock Saturday kick-off. Against Wimbledon. There’s no
glamour in Leeds in August 1992, no glory in the side streets. Super Sunday
is on the banks of the Trent. Clough and Liverpool, all over the 70s, all over
the 80s, all over in the 90s.
That defeat to Forest on the opening weekend (Sheringham scores but will
soon be away, just like Cantona the previous week) sets the tone. Two wins
from the first 10 games. A 5–1 defeat to Coventry (Coventry) just before
Christmas. The FA Premier League doesn’t respect Liverpool FC. The First
Division was where you belonged. Aston Villa and Norwich (Norwich) are
setting the pace, Manchester United are facing up to their 26th year without a
league title by trying to win a league title. Liverpool FC are not. Liverpool
FC are 17th in the FA Premier League in early March. Who put them there?
Manchester United, by winning 2–1 at Anfield. Revenge tastes sweet. Still,
that lot have won the league only seven times. Come back when you’ve won
18. A gulf. A chasm. Thirty-six points after 30 games is your worst record
since the league changed to three points for a win. You stave off the threat of
relegation (Liverpool, staving off relegation) with seven wins from the last
12. Come back when you’ve won 18. Spurs are destroyed 6–2 on the final
day. Liverpool are back. Back in mid-table. Come back. Come back when
you’ve won 18.
1993–94 (it is four years since you won the title)

The world is changing, but some things stay the same. It’s 1993–94, roll the
dice. Nigel Clough and Neil Ruddock come in. Can men called Nigel and
Neil foster change? (Might Roy Keane have been the better purchase from
the Nottingham Forest relegation fire sale? Not that he would have come. Or
would he?) The signs look good, four wins from five at the start of the season
(five goals against Swindon, how little you know). Then four defeats in a
row. Here comes inevitability again. That title challenge you felt in your
hands? Balsa wood and porcelain.
More steel in defence perhaps? Ruddock is joined by Julian Dicks. Dicks is
a penalty expert, scoring 15 from 16 taken in his Premier League career. He’s
also a malevolent force when it comes to winning back possession, yet is sent
off only once in his Premier League career. Dicks has the honour of being the
last Liverpool player to score in front of the standing Kop but by this stage,
April, the man who brought him to Anfield, Souness, has gone. Dicks is his
last signing. Dicks does not have much of a future at Liverpool FC. Roy
Evans thinks Dicks is bad. Roy Evans doesn’t want a team full of Dicks.
John Barnes is little help, his two assists this season being the lowest total
he records at Liverpool but Robbie Fowler, whispered about for so long,
emerges into the light, even though the five goals he scores in his second
appearance at Anfield take place in front of only 12,541 paying fans. For the
last game in front of the standing Kop a host of legends, Albert Stubbins
among them, parade on the Anfield turf. The current players cannot prevent
Norwich City easing to a 1–0 win. Jeremy Goss scores the last goal in front
of the standing Kop. He gets a standing ovation. Because you can’t sit down.
Not yet.
1994–95 (it is five years since you won the title)

Three wins in a row to start the league season (it will be 19 years before this
happens again) and the signs are good. Are Liverpool back? Probably not, but
you are willing to spend many millions of pounds on Phil Babb and John
Scales. They form a defensive trio with Neil Ruddock that is expensive, if not
watertight. Ruddock will end his career at Anfield having made 115
appearances, five more than Luis Suárez. Razor enjoys a bite as much as the
next man.
Where once you had pretenders to your eternal dominance of the league,
now you hope to be a challenger to the almighty Manchester United, but Alex
Ferguson is much more concerned about Blackburn Rovers, managed by the
last man to win a league title for Liverpool FC, and Newcastle United,
managed by the man who played up front for you and then was successfully
replaced by the last man to win a league title for Liverpool FC.
Slow improvement, then, to fourth (a League Cup, your first trophy in the
Premier League era, helps ease the numbness, feel the weight of the silver),
but the fact remains that almost 10 per cent of your goals came on the
opening day, and your final-day victory against Blackburn almost hands the
Premiership title to Manchester United for a third year in a row. Except it
doesn’t, and things feel slightly more bearable again. Blackburn Rovers,
champions. Two weeks earlier, Robbie Williams joins the squad on the team
bus for the trip to Aston Villa. Everything changes. It is half a decade since
you won the title.
1995–96 (it is six years since you won the title)

You start the season in white-hot form, with five wins from the first eight
games. You end the season in white suits, eternally cast as the flimflam team
when compared to Manchester United, who beat you in the FA Cup final and
record their second league and cup double in three seasons. They’ve gone
from behind you to ahead of you in league and cup doubles in the space of
two years. They’ll not catch you in terms of league titles though, no chance.
That’s the one that matters. Real history takes time. Come back when you’ve
won 18.
The country is swept up by Newcastle United, or told to be by television.
Anfield icon Kevin Keegan drives the Magpies to the top of the table early in
the season and keeps them there until spring. You, in contrast, start December
in eighth place, before a run of 34 points from 14 games pushes you into third
place and the nearest side to Newcastle and the relentless Manchester United,
who are hunting Keegan, probing Keegan, destabilising Keegan.
3 April: Newcastle come to Anfield. 3 April: Newcastle leave Anfield
empty-handed. 3 April: Liverpool beat Newcastle 4–3. 3 April: Satellite TV
football has its founding moment, its legacy. 3 April: Liverpool all but
guarantee Manchester United will win their third title in four seasons. 3
April: Collymore closing in. 3 April: Keegan slumped over the advertising
hoarding. 3 April: you win the battle but you lose the war. Three days later
you lose at Coventry. From the sublime to the ridiculous.
But memory remains unreliable. The Spice Boys lost the 1996 FA Cup
final two months before the Spice Girls’ debut single was released. So, really,
you didn’t. The Spice Boys were unreliable, and yet you used only 19 players
all season in the Premier League. Things aren’t perfect, but they are better
than they were. It is six years since you won the title.
1996–97 (it is seven years since you won the title)

Fourth in a two-horse race. The seven-year itch. The big chance. You blew it.
Top at Christmas, top at New Year. With five games to go, you travel to
Everton knowing a win by two goals will take you top. Instead you draw 1–1
and have Robbie Fowler sent off. Three days later you host Manchester
United, another chance to go top. You lose 3–1. Fowler-less for the last three
games, you pick up just four more points. Four. Fourth place. Fourth in a
two-horse race. United win their fourth title in five years (the last team to win
four of the previous five titles was Liverpool in 1986). Nevertheless: come
back when you’ve won 18.
Going forward, your team is often pleasingly reminiscent of those decades
of dominance. Defensively, your team is invariably not up to it. Goalkeeper
David James looks unable to catch crosses. The numbers bear this out: his
total of 14 dropped catches in 1996–97 is at least three more than any other
goalkeeper in the Premiership that season. The crucial defeat to Manchester
United in April is sealed when James misjudges a wide ball, leaving Andy
Cole with a simple chance to give the swaggering, trophy-gorged canal-
building visitors a two-goal lead. This is the grand era of crossing; Beckham,
Giggs, even your own Jason McAteer are regularly swinging quality balls
into the box. Every club needs a goalkeeper who can deal with them. You
don’t have one. Fourth. In a two-horse race.
1997–98 (it is eight years since you won the title)

Those golden seasons in the 1980s, when each year Manchester United
would be talked of as title contenders, only to flatter to deceive. Is that you in
the 1990s? Are you that team now? At this rate Liverpool, Liverpool FC, will
go 10 years without a league title. Ten years. Liverpool Football Club, 10
years without a league title. Bridesmaids.
Third place is technically an improvement on fourth a year earlier but,
really, it’s not. Last year you were contenders, perhaps even the rightful
winners (you know this phrase means nothing but this is the sort of language
you have to use now), but this season you’re chasing, chasing, and end the
season 13 points behind Arsenal and 12 behind Manchester United.
Michael Owen, though. Steve Heighway’s system keeps unearthing
diamonds for you. McManaman, Fowler, David Thompson, now Owen. And
they say there are some more in there. Owen in 1997–98 is a whirlwind.
Eighteen Premiership goals and 10 assists, it’s his most productive Premier
League season (he’ll never score more than 19 goals in a Premier League
season and never assist more than five, other than in 1997–98). Owen is 18
years old, he plays 36 league games followed by a World Cup. Those
hamstrings will never be healthier, those smiles will never be wider.
You end the campaign at Anfield with a 4–0 thumping of new champions
Arsenal. Demob happy, they don’t care and neither should you. Arsène
Wenger is being praised for transforming the London side’s diet and training.
Graeme Souness tried the same here and got chastised by the pie loyalists, by
the fish and chip loyalists, by the continental lager on the team bus loyalists.
It is eight years since you won the title.
1998–99 (it is nine years since you won the title)

Arsène Wenger has made an impression. The French are revolutionising the
English league like they revolutionised the English language. There’s no
camouflage hiding them in 1998. Manchester United are still mourning Éric
Cantona’s retirement, Tottenham are increasingly reliant on David Ginola
and Arsenal have Le Professeur, Wenger. It’s time to go French. But slowly.
In comes Gérard Houllier, a technocrat, to join Roy Evans, an Anfield man
since the 1960s. Chalk and cheese. Craie et fromage.
Ten points from the first four games puts you top of the Premiership. The
experiment is … working? One win from the next nine is the answer, and
puts you firmly in 12th position. By this point Evans has resigned and
Houllier is in sole charge of the club he watched as a lowly teacher in the city
in the 1960s and 1970s. Liverpool FC have switched from backbench
evolution to French revolution.
You experience some highs (your 7–1 win against Southampton in January
is the 17th time you’ve scored seven or more goals in a top-flight game. It
has not happened since) but more lows (your final total of 54 points is the
fewest you’ve recorded since the three points for a win rule was introduced.
It will be 2012 before you go lower than this). Seventh place is the lowest
finish since the Souness era. Manchester United are champions once more.
Their 12th league title. Come back when you’ve won 18.
1999–2000 (it is 10 years since you won the title)

Your first full season with Gérard Houllier in sole charge and he tries to fix
the defence. In comes Sami Hyypia (who will go on to play more than 300
Premier League games for Liverpool, more than any player other than Jamie
Carragher and Steven Gerrard), out goes David James. Defensively it works;
your total of 30 goals conceded is the best return since 1988–89. But it comes
at the expense of the attack. The idea of Liverpool isn’t defence. The idea of
Liverpool is attack. The idea of Liverpool is league titles.
The opposition is nullified but so are you. You don’t score in any of your
final five games of the season and slip from second place to fourth, missing
out on a Champions League place. Your final win (and goals) of the season
come in a 2–1 win at Wimbledon in mid-April. The Dons are done for.
Twelve years after humbling Liverpool in the FA Cup final, the Dons are
down. Revenge is best served cold but this is meagre fare that’s cold because
it looks unappetising. In 1988 Liverpool were unrivalled; in 2000 Liverpool
take what they can get. Manchester United collect another league title.
Thirteen now.

The 21st century. Liverpool, a 20th-century team with a 20th-century trophy
cabinet. This club demands honours and you deliver them in 2001. Gérard’s
game. Three proper pots (League Cup, FA Cup, UEFA Cup) and two baubles
(Charity Shield and Super Cup) follow in late summer. The famous five, the
quintet of hope. Still no league title though. Chalk another one up to the men
who play at Old Trafford. Fourteen. Come back when you’ve … well, best
not tempt fate.
Thirty-eight wins in a single season, though. Thirty-eight wins. Twice as
many as there had been two seasons earlier. Eighteen of them come in the
cups (that tends to happen when you win three competitions). The plastic
treble, they call it, but that’s three more trophies than a lot of clubs win in
their entire history. Memories though, like plastic, last for ever.

Your manager has a heart problem, he needs to convalesce. No such worries
about the team in the autumn, the wins come flooding in. Ten from the first
14. Top in December, the title talk is on. If you can win every other trophy in
2001, why not the big one in 2002? Liverpool FC, champions. It’s been a
while. Caretaker Phil Thompson is a link with the old days. Caretaker Phil
Thompson falls out with Robbie Fowler in the summer. In November
caretaker Phil Thompson sees Robbie Fowler sold to Leeds. Robbie Fowler,
the bright spot of the 1990s, gone to Leeds. Owen and Heskey are left. Owen
will get 19 league goals this season; he’ll never score 20 in a single
campaign. Heskey will score nine times this season; he’ll reach double
figures only once more in his career. For Birmingham City. Robbie Fowler
will reach double figures only twice more in his Premier League career. The
three of them together was a strike force. Take one away and the triangle
evaporates. There are three sides to every story.
Caretaker Thompson oversees an unkempt Christmas. One win in nine
plunges you from top of the table to fifth. Is this a title challenge or just a
decent autumn? Thirteen wins from the last 15 is the answer: sensational
form to end the season. But just when you are turning teams over like it’s
1984, Arsenal and their alternative French manager are doing the same.
Thirteen wins to end the season takes the title to Highbury for the third time
since you were last champions. Plus ça change. Thirteen wins from 15 and
you still don’t win the title. Not even finishing above Manchester United for
the first time since 1991 makes it much better. It does make it better, but only
a bit. There are children playing football in the park in Liverpool shirts who
have never seen Liverpool win the title.

Manchester United: fading force. Arsenal: haven’t retained the title since the
1930s. Leeds: no. Newcastle: bridesmaids. Chelsea: they’ve run out of
money. So 2002–03 is the one. This is your year. Is it?
Nine wins and three draws (all the draws are 2–2 and they are in
consecutive games, this is not usual) is a fine start. Bonfire night, Liverpool
are top of the league. Title talk. Houllier’s cracked it. Then 11 games without
a win. Seven goals in 11 games. Five points from 11 games. Liverpool are
seventh. No more title talk. Houllier’s cracking up.
Years before Arsenal perfected having the same season every season,
you’re having the same season as you did last season. A spring recovery,
Michael Owen scoring 19 goals. Champions League qualification. A 6–0 win
at West Brom in the 36th match is a sign you’re going to overhaul Chelsea.
Except no. Going into the final game at Stamford Bridge, you know a win
will hand you fourth place. You take the lead. You lose the lead. You lose the
game. You lose Steven Gerrard to a red card. You lose the chance of fourth
place. Chelsea make the Champions League. Chelsea get bought by Roman
Abramovich. Chelsea begin thinking about league titles. Chelsea, who’ve
only ever won the league once, thinking about league title. Oh, and
Manchester United are up to 15 now. Come back when you’ve won 18.

The vagaries of football. The league table never lies. Last season 64 points
gave you fifth place; this year you’ll end up with 60 points and take fourth.
You’ll be in the Champions League in 2004–05. That will be something.
Sixty points from 38 games, 1.58 points per game for a chance to become
champions of Europe. Modern football. You’ll take it all day long. Sixty
points from 38 games. Fourth place. The average for fourth in the Premier
League era is 69 points. Sixty points is the lowest points total to earn fourth
place since they started handing out three points for a win in 1981–82.
The 2003–04 season will be a touchstone of English football history for
eternity. The season Arsenal went unbeaten. You thought you were going to
do it in 1987–88 until that 30th game. Until that game against Everton. The
30th game. Arsenal, though, they do it. Thirty-eight games. No defeats.
You’ve lost six times before the Christmas trees go up. French managers
have never been so revered. Your one, though, he’s gone. Souness, Evans,
Houllier. Three men who were going to bring the title back to Anfield. Three
men who didn’t bring the title back to Anfield. Now it’s going to be Rafael
Benítez’s turn. From Scotland to England to France to Spain. Your
appointments are going south. Your title hopes are already there.

Everyone makes choices. Benítez decides to come. Owen decides to leave.
Liverpool’s first Champions League game of the season is a qualifier in
Austria with Owen on the bench. Don’t cup-tie the prodigy. Liverpool’s final
Champions League game of the season is the final in Istanbul with Owen on
Real Madrid’s bench. Everyone makes choices.
A fifth European crown makes everything OK, of course it does, it’s the
Champions League. But those fans who normally insist that the Champions
League is not the same, not as pure, as the European Cup are strangely quiet
about your presence that year being down to a fourth-place finish on 60
points.
The league season brings the unthinkable for Liverpool fans: finishing
below Everton for the first time since 1987. The league season brings the
unthinkable for Everton fans: a hard-won Champions League spot potentially
consumed by a Liverpool team, this Liverpool team, winning the European
Cup.
Your top scorer in the league is Milan Baroš, with nine goals. He’s the first
Liverpool top scorer to score fewer than 10 since Jack Cox in 1904 (also
nine, and Steven Gerrard will do the same in his final season with the club).
The season will go down as one of your greatest. A hungry man savours
thin gravy. You’ve won it five times.

You are the champions. Champions of Europe. But they make you start your
defence in the first round of qualifiers, punishment for becoming the
champions of Europe while being only the fifth best team in England. It
means you’ll end the season having played 62 games, two more than you did
last season. In the 1990s you were averaging only 53 games a season. It’s
harder to win the league with all these extra distractions (in 2013–14, when
you come close to finally landing a Premier League title, you’ll play only 43
games; you last played fewer than that in 1914-15).
These are changing times in the Premier League. The door to the league
title is never even ajar this season, as Mourinho’s Chelsea win 20 of their first
22 games. Twenty wins by mid-January (Chelsea won 20 games in a 42-
game season in 1954–55 and still won the title). Twenty wins. It’s not like
you slacken off, your total of 25 wins by the end of the season gets you third
place; no team has got more wins and finished third in a 38-game season.
Based on three for a win, 82 points was more than you got in 1901, was more
than you got in 1906, was more than you got in 1922, was more than you got
in 1947, was more than you got in 1977, was more than you got in 1983, was
more than you got 1984, was more than you got in 1990. What you did get in
those years was the league championship. What you get this year is the FA
Cup.
These are changing times in the Premier League. The door to the top four
is never even ajar. This is the time of the Big Four. The Grand Slam Sundays.
All Four Majors, the man on the television says. If all anyone worries about
is getting into the Champions League, does it even matter who comes top? Of
course it matters who comes top. It’s never Liverpool who come top.

Goals. No one in the mid-2000s wants much to do with goals. This is the era
of Mourinho and Benítez, the dark princes of neo-pragmatism, the high
priests of nullification. For a fourth league season in a row you will score
fewer than 60 goals, something that hasn’t happened since 1897–1902. After
15 Premier League games you have 15 goals, the worst return since 1991–92.
That season was saved by a cup final and so will this one be. For the second
time in three years Benítez, somehow, takes you to the European Cup final,
to the Champions League final. But although he is a miracle worker, he can’t
win you the Champions League for a second time; this time Milan get their
revenge. Liverpool and Milan in the biggest club game in the world. It
doesn’t sound fanciful but in 10 years it will. In 10 years’ time Leicester City
will get closer to the Champions League final than either of you can even
dream of.
The Big Four shuffle their chairs and finish in this order: United, Chelsea,
Liverpool, Arsenal. Ferguson’s first title for four years; 16 of them in the
trophy cabinet at Old Trafford now. Squint and 16 looks very similar to 18.
Too similar.

What does two Champions League finals in three years get you? Money.
What does finishing in the top five for eight years in a row get you? Money.
What does money get you in summer 2007? Fernando Torres. The thirst, the
ache, the need for a 20-goal-a-season striker is sated. For the first time since
Robbie Fowler in 1995–96, one of your players scores more than 20 goals in
a league campaign. Torres is so money.
Is there a more effective Iberian in the league? Unfortunately, yes.
Cristiano Ronaldo at Manchester United scores 31 times. Manchester United
retain the league title. Manchester United win the Champions League. The
four semi-finalists were Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool and a team
not from the Big Four (you had knocked Arsenal out in the quarter-finals).
The Big Four are untouchable, the Big Four are unbeatable. You have not
won the league for 18 years.

Since you were last champions, humans have been born, gone through school
and reached adulthood. There is a generation who know what Liverpool are
but also what Liverpool are not. There is a generation who want to see
Liverpool challenge for the title. Not start well and fade. Not pick up some
form in the spring. A proper tilt.
They get one at last. As if the thought of Mr Ferguson’s United drawing
level on 18 was the final ignominy, Liverpool are back. Fact.
Top at Christmas, top at New Year, top on 9 May. Second on 24 May.
Your manager criticises Manchester United’s manager in January, shortly
before you drop six points in the next three games. Are these connected?
Probably not but the impression lingers. Ten wins from the last 11 games
includes a 4–1 annihilation of the champions-in-waiting at Old Trafford, but
it’s not quite enough.
Eighty-six points is not quite enough. Rafa’s cracking up. Except he isn’t.
Six Gerrard assists for six Torres goals is not quite enough (none of them
comes away from Anfield).
Two defeats all season (United lose four). It is the only time a team has
lost this rarely and not won the title. It’s not quite enough.
Manchester United have won the league title 18 times. Your historic lead,
so vast, so huge, was not quite enough. Come back when you’ve won 18.
They’ve come back. With 18.

Short-term memory trumps long-term memory. People remember the titanic
battle of the spring and tip Liverpool to challenge again. With United losing
Ronaldo to Real Madrid, surely you’re the favourites to land the title. You
must be. Liverpool FC, title contenders. It’s in their DNA.
Long-term memory is shut outside, shouting, hollering, banging on the
door. It’s roaring ‘in 1991 we came second then finished sixth a year later. In
2002 we came second then came fifth a year later. In 2009 we came second
…’ Long-term memory slumps to its knees. It knows what’s coming. You
can’t sustain two title bids in a row. Five red cards after only one in the
previous three seasons belies the frustration that consumes the club on and
off the pitch. Even long-term memory doesn’t know what’s actually coming,
though.
What’s coming is seventh place. No more Champions League (you exit in
the group stage anyway, with five goals in six games). No more Rafa
Benítez. No more Big Four. Since you last won the title your average
finishing position is four and a quarterth. There’s no Big Four and a Quarter.
It’s over. It’s 20 years since you won the title. It’s a fifth of a century since
you won the title.

Roy Hodgson. The fifth post-Dalglish manager to try to win you a title.
Roy Hodgson with his functional football, his pass completion of 78 per
cent.
Roy Hodgson with his win percentage of 35 per cent at Blackburn, of 34
per cent at Fulham, of 35 per cent at Liverpool. What’s sauce for the goose is
not good enough for the gander. (Hodgson will later record a win percentage
of 36 per cent at West Brom to much acclaim.)
Roy Hodgson with his League Cup exit to Northampton, with his signing
of Paul Konchesky (the millennial Dicks), with the arrival of Joe Cole. They
say Joe Cole can do things with a tennis ball. He needs to do them with a
football.
‘I think it would be a sad day for football and for Liverpool if someone
who had been brought in with the pomp and circumstance, and the money it
took them to release me from my previous contract, and being feted as one of
England’s best managers – if after eight games people are deciding this guy
has got to go,’ said Roy Hodgson.
Roy Hodgson. They decided you had to go.
It is 21 years since you won the title. You are no longer the club with the
highest number of league titles. Manchester United have won 19 titles.
Manchester United. Nineteen.

Kenny Dalglish. The King. Return of the King. King Kenny. The sixth
manager to try to win the title since … himself. A steady hand after
Hodgson’s bleak interim, this season will be a glorious dance with nostalgia.
Or that, at least, is the plan.
In the domestic cups you can bathe in the glow of a Dalglish retrospective,
with a run to both finals (League Cup: win. FA Cup: defeat to Chelsea) but
the league form is meek. In his original spell at the club, Kenny’s Liverpool
finished 1–2–1–2–1, like a strutting soldier, but now you resemble a hobbled
veteran, unable to move past former glories, weighed down by medals from a
bygone age.
Six wins at Anfield all season is the worst return since the 1948–49 season,
the shot conversion rate of 9 per cent is the worst in the Premier League by a
distance; you hit the woodwork 33 times, nine times more than any other side
and 11 per cent of the total in the division. If you had finished like
Manchester United this season you’d have scored 98 goals. There are goals in
this squad, this is a squad that includes Luis Suárez, but they can’t be winkled
out. Not yet.
Manchester City win the title with the last kick of the season, the sixth club
to win the league since you last managed it. Back at home, King Kenny is
dethroned after the cup final. Regicide at the Reds. We go again. You go
again. It’s 22 years since you won the title.

Brendan Rodgers, the seventh manager to try to take Liverpool back to the
top of the league. Loquacious Brendan with his buzzwords and his plans.
Garrulous Brendan with his hopes and dreams. It’s a long way from the
bootroom to the envelope shop but everything’s worth trying.
Despite three defeats and two draws in the first five games, something
happens. A raft of teenagers (Ibe, Sterling, Suso, Wisdom, Coady) and the
20-year-old Philippe Coutinho are the vanguard of a new generation (you
name three teenage players in six starting XIs in 2012–13; no other Premier
League team does this even once).
It is a long slog (defeat to Stoke on Boxing Day leaves you 10th) but three
defeats in the last 17 pushes you to seventh. Small signs of progress but who
can be bothered to nurse tender green shoots when the vast agri-business at
Old Trafford harvests another title. Ferguson’s last. United’s 20th. This is the
end of an era but just as your fans were unable to see what was coming (or
not coming) in 1990, the same is true as the most successful league club in
English football history (check it, they are. They are now) prepare to
welcome David Moyes.

Roy Evans had his chance. Gérard Houllier likewise. Rafa Benítez came
closest of all in 2009. Now Brendan Rodgers gets his shot at the Premier
League crown in 2013–14, the unlikeliest and unluckiest of the lot.
Goals, endless, relentless goals; 101 by the end of the Premier League
campaign. It is the first time you have reached three figures in a top-flight
campaign. One hundred and one goals, with Luis Suárez unplayable,
unstoppable, uncontrollable. He scores 31 and assists 12 more. He scores 10
times in December alone, a Premier League record. The days of your top
scorer finishing with nine goals are over, for this season at least.
The league is a battle between yourselves, Arsenal and Manchester City.
Manchester United are nowhere to be seen, battling their own demons as the
vacuum left by Alex Ferguson’s retirement engulfs them. Come back when
you’ve won 20, someone probably says.
Fourteen wins and two draws from New Year’s Day until 20 April means
the title is in your hands with three games to go. The broadcasters start
filming your team bus arriving at Anfield just for the sheer spectacle of it.
The raw heritage of Liverpool pounding, gloriously lurching their way to the
league title. The television producers adore the scenes; they remind them of
their youth. Just keep winning (we go again, we do not let this slip). You’ve
won the last 11 games in a row (we go again, we do not let this slip). You’re
at home to Chelsea (we go again, we do not let this slip), José Mourinho’s
Chelsea (we go again, we do not let this slip). One error, one slip, one
mistake and it’s over. Steven Gerrard is so desperate to make amends that in
the Chelsea match he has eight shots from an average distance of 27 yards.
You don’t go again. You did let it slip. The dejection is total. One hundred
and one goals. Second place. It is 24 years since you won the title.

Just as it was after those other seasons when you came second, the media tip
you to go one better the next season, but seasoned Liverpool FC watchers
know that the hangover will be brutal, endless, astonishing.
Rodgers’ team still can’t defend but with Luis Suárez departed to
Barcelona, the goals virtually halve. From 101 to 52. Last season Suárez and
Sturridge scored 52 times by themselves. A muddled Champions League
campaign only compounds a league season in which you have one point
fewer after 16 games than Roy Hodgson did four years earlier. From strutting
general to beleaguered wonk. Your manager is under pressure.
The 2013–14 ‘success’ wasn’t solely down to Luis Suárez, but you
certainly make a big effort to make it look like it was. By the spring the main
concern is Steven Gerrard’s impending departure from the club. His final
match will be the game at Stoke on the final day of the season. You hope for
a goal from the captain at least (he delivers, and joins Jack Cox and Milan
Baroš as nine-goal leading scorers in a Liverpool league season). At the other
end of the pitch Stoke humiliate you by scoring six times (13 per cent of their
goals for the entire season), the first time you’ve let in six or more goals in a
top-flight game since losing 7–2 to Tottenham in 1963. As farewells go,
Gerrard’s is a rotter.
A year is a long time in football. So is a quarter of a century. It is 25 years
since you won the title.

Memories of United’s run of 26 years without the title. Memories of banners
and songs. What goes around comes around. And it’s virtually all United
have to hold on to, as they slide into sterile irrelevancy under the technocratic
sludge of Louis van Gaal.
It is 26 years since you won the title yet your stature and reputation, built
in those two decades when you were the continent’s finest club, last longer
than even the polished glass in the trophy cabinet. The list of potential
replacements for Brendan Rodgers when he is sacked, and his dismissal was
inevitable after the final game of last season, is better than it should be for a
club who have finished in the top four only once in the past six seasons.
The appointment of Jürgen Klopp, the eighth manager to try to bring the
title back to Anfield, injects the club with an enthusiasm it needs. Two
(unsuccessful) cup finals in his first (partial) season is, apparently, evidence
that, finally, here is a man who can do what is necessary to put English
football in its ordained order. Liverpool FC, champions-in-waiting. Frozen
dreams, waiting to be defrosted. Let it go.
Klopp’s immediate and vivacious mastery of the other major clubs in the
league is accepted with delight. His habit of losing to teams from the lower
reaches less so. Leicester City become the seventh team to win the title since
you last did. Leicester City, champions of England. Liverpool FC, still
champions-in-waiting. Still out in the cold.

Klopp is the man. Klopp is your man. A man for the big occasion. Liverpool
FC have a lot of big occasions. Even now. It is 27 years since you won the
title but a Liverpool game is still a big event. Bigger than ever with the new
main stand at Anfield open for business. Business time. Title business?
Autumn is a time for renewal. In the fall you rise. A total of 24 goals in
your first eight competitive games of the season is your most rampant
opening since 1895. The goals, they’re coming like someone’s turned on a
tap. Klopp’s turned on a goal tap and you’re bathing in goals. Between 10
September and 6 November you score 25 in eight league games, ending the
run with a 6–1 win against Watford. The thwacked Hornets were lucky to
escape this lightly. You muster 17 shots on target against them. Seventeen in
one game. Burnley have had only 26 all season at this point, yet are the only
team to beat you so far. You end the day top of the table for the first time in
nearly a thousand days. Liverpool on top of the league. Doesn’t look fanciful.
People on the street. People on the television. People in the papers. They’re
saying it’s Liverpool’s year. The title’s coming back. Jürgen Klopp.
Liverpool FC. The title’s coming back.
Except it isn’t. One point from two games on the south coast at
Southampton and Bournemouth, the cold sea spray kick-starting all the old
rustiness. Klopp in the clásicos is peerless, unbeaten against the Big Six all
season. Klopp in the bread and butter games is rudderless, losing to Burnley,
to Bournemouth, to Swansea, to Leicester, to Palace. You take four points off
the eventual champions, you fail to score in four games against Southampton,
which includes a wasted League Cup semi, missing the cash prize of United
at Wembley in the final, while the FA Cup is ransacked by Wolves. The run-
in becomes a slow-motion attempt to finish in the top four, which, to Klopp’s
credit, he achieves ahead of big-spenders Manchester United (it is four years
since they won the league title). Top four, top four. That modern mantra, top
four.
Chelsea win their fifth Premier League crown. Their sixth league title,
level with Sunderland. Six titles, a third of the way to 18. Come back when
you’ve won 18.
You are Liverpool Football Club. You haven’t won the title for 27 years.
Is it still called the Premiership? UNDOUBTEDLY
Relegated: Nottingham Forest, Blackburn Rovers, Charlton Athletic
Top scorer: Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink/Dwight Yorke/Michael Owen (18)
Most assists: Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink/Dennis Bergkamp (13)
Biggest win: Nottingham Forest 1–8 Manchester United
Overview
If the period between August 1997 and May 2004, when Manchester United
and Arsenal shared seven league titles (four and three respectively) and
battled and wound each other up incessantly, is the Premier League’s heroic
era, then 1998–99 was when the empire struck back. United’s winning total
of 79 points was the third season in a row that the champions had recorded
fewer than 80 points (that hasn’t been done since, and was the first time it
had been done three years in a row, based on three points for a win, since
before the First World War), and by now we all know that low winning-
points-totals mean close battles at the top and bottom. Both Manchester
United and Arsenal drew often, the former’s total of 13 the most they had
recorded in the Premier League era until 2016–17, and ties were a theme of
the season. The 49 goalless draws remains the most seen in a 20-team season,
with Arsenal responsible for seven of them (only Everton, with eight, had
more).
Here’s the thing, though. No one remembers the conveyer belt of goalless
draws; what they recall instead is a compelling conclusion (again, the empire
strikes back) and this is what the top two provided. From Boxing Day until
the end of the season, Manchester United won 14 and drew the remainder of
their 20 games, while Arsenal won 15 of their last 20 matches, crucially
losing just once, to Leeds in the penultimate game, which meant that United,
after a draw with Blackburn a day later, would head into the final game in
first place and with the title in their hands.
At Christmas neither side were in the top two, with the pace being set by
John Gregory’s band of English warriors (see below) and that version of
Chelsea you remember thinking were entertaining but couldn’t ever imagine
winning the title (their top-scoring players were Gianfranco Zola, Gustavo
Poyet, Tore André Flo and … Bjarne Goldbæk). At the other end of the table,
the season marked Nottingham Forest’s last taste so far of top-flight football,
their 18 subsequent seasons in the lower reaches now as many as Brian
Clough spent with the club between 1975 and 1993. Charlton’s only real
contribution to the season was convincing everyone that Clive Mendonca
scored a hat-trick against Southampton on the opening day, even though it
actually came in week two. The third team to go down were Blackburn, just
four years after Jack Walker’s iron-ore-soaked cash had propelled them to the
title.
Old Yeller
For a man who spent the 1980s playing for Manchester United, Barcelona
and Bayern Munich, Mark Hughes could have been forgiven for winding
down after he was eased out of Old Trafford in 1995 at the age of 31, yet he
went on and played for another four Premier League clubs, continuing well
into the 2001–02 season. His second club after leaving United were
Southampton, and although the spectacular volleys and horizontal scissor-
kicks were a rarer sight (Hughes by this point had been reinvented into a
menacing midfield presence), he converted this musculatory prowess into
robust tackling. Hughes’s total of 14 yellow cards in 1998–99 (11 for fouls,
three for dissent) has never been surpassed in the Premier League era,
although three players have subsequently matched it. It was indicative of the
season as a whole, with the total of 1,404 yellows being an all-time record, as
the refereeing standards became stricter before the memo had necessarily
reached the players’ legs.
Villa’s full English

Predating the birth of Brooklyn Beckham by five days and the death of Rod
Hull by 18, 27 February 27 1999 marked the last time a Premier League team
named 11 English starters and made three English substitutions. It came as
John Gregory’s Aston Villa took on Coventry City at Villa Park; Gregory
naming a starting XI of Oakes, Watson, Southgate, Dublin, Scimeca,
Grayson, Wright, Hendrie, Merson, Taylor and Joachim. The three players to
come on were Draper, Collymore and Barry. In what could be seen as a
pointer for the future of all-English teams, the visitors won 4–1 (the last time
Coventry scored four or more goals away from home in the top flight), with
all four goals coming from foreign players. Rampant globalisation of the
English game made it seem that February 1999 would remain a marker for
ever more but, with post-Brexit player registration still a thing of mystery,
perhaps we will soon be able, once again, to tuck into a full English on a
rainy Saturday.
Sullivan builds a wall

Everything has a start point, and performance data for the Premier League
emerged in the late Bassett era (also known as the Brian Little Ice Age).
From its dawn (1996) to the present day, Neil Sullivan’s total of 203 saves in
1998–99 remains the most by any goalkeeper in a Premier League season.
Across his 38 appearances, that works out as 5.2 a game and it’s no wild
exaggeration to say that Sullivan postponed the Dons’ inevitable relegation
from the division by 12 months.
Verdict
Like Ant or Dec, the 1998–99 Premier League season is rarely studied just on
its own merits, instead it’s usually the hors-d’oeuvre in Manchester United’s
much studied and celebrated treble. But, despite the relative lack of goals, it
stands up on its own as one of the most compelling Premier League seasons
of the 25. Arsenal’s title win under their revolutionary foreign manager the
previous season clearly provoked Alex Ferguson into a furious and effective
reaction but it was close. Replay this season a hundred times and Arsenal
would win plenty of league and cup doubles, and beer and trophy-themed
lederhosen sales in Bavaria in late spring 1999 would be much higher.
Is it still called the Premiership? VERY MUCH SO
Relegated: Watford, Sheffield Wednesday, Wimbledon
Top scorer: Kevin Phillips (30)
Most assists: Nolberto Solano/David Beckham (15)
Biggest win: Newcastle 8–0 Sheffield Wednesday
Overview
There isn’t a campaign to twin different Premier League seasons but should
such a thing arise, I’ll be canvassing for 1999–2000 and 2012–2013 to be the
inaugural entry. The reasoning? In spring 2000 Manchester United exited the
Champions League at the hands of Real Madrid but soothed their pain by
securing the title on 22 April with four games remaining. Fast forward 13
years and Manchester United exited the Champions League at the hands of
Real Madrid but soothed their pain by securing the title on 22 April with four
games remaining.
But while the 2013 version of events ended Alex Ferguson’s last chance of
landing another European Cup, in 2000 his team were caught in a strange
limbo: furlongs better than any other Premier League team, but wedded to an
approach that left them exposed against the better sides in Europe. The league
title was secured by a monstrous margin of 18 points (based on our old pal
three points for a win, only Aston Villa’s advantage over Sheffield United in
1896–97, of 19 points, was bigger) but their defence of the other elements of
their treble was clouded by failure in Europe and evaporation in the FA Cup
(the club being persuaded to pull out of the competition so they could
compete in the World Club Championship in Brazil, a move for which they
have often been unfairly held solely accountable over the past two decades).
The deranged commitment to attack (they scored three or more goals in
half of their league games) that was United’s undoing in the Champions
League was evident in the Premier League also. Their defence conceded 45
goals, more than any other Premier League champions, and, along with
Derby in 1974–75, it was one of only two instances of a championship-
winning team conceding 45 or more since the 1960s, with six wins hoovered
up despite conceding two or more goals in the game. Four teams – Chelsea,
Aston Villa, Liverpool and Leeds – kept more clean sheets than the
champions.
At the foot of the table we waved a final goodbye to Wimbledon, whose
unlikely run of 14 successive seasons in the top flight was ended after their
experiment with a foreign manager, Norway’s Reepian direct-pass enthusiast,
Egil Olsen. The south Londoners also managed the impressive feat of
conceding a penalty in each of their first five games of the season. Fittingly,
given their reputation for rural play, the Dons’ pass completion in their final
Premier League campaign was a dire 59 per cent (lower than most third-tier
teams that season). The club staggered on for four more years in the second
tier before morphing into a new entity elsewhere.
Sent to Coventry
Coventry’s ability to survive top-flight relegation was as much a part of the
late 1990s as B*Witched and they stretched it, just, into the new millennium
by pulling off another what football law states must be called a ‘great’ escape
in the first few months of 2000. Fourteenth place looks reasonably
comfortable for the Sky Blues but they achieved this without winning a
single away game, the only team to have done such a thing and avoided the
drop in the 20-team Premier League era. They actually lost only three of their
opening 10 road trips (seven draws, obviously) but from February through
until May they lost nine in a row, including one at rock-bottom Watford on
the final day. Curiously, or not, Coventry then opened up the 2000–01 season
by winning their first two away games. The good times were back. Or
perhaps not because by May they were relegated, and have not looked like
returning to the top table since. C’est la vie.
Baldock life
In the mid-1990s the only person to have heard of Baldock was Keith
Baldock, the mayor of Baldock, but the emergence of Kevin Phillips as the
Hertfordshire town’s favourite (only) son soon put it on the map. Phillips’s
barrage of goals in 1998–99 had earned him an England cap from the depths
of the second tier and he carried on in the same vein in the top flight. His
final total of 30 remains the most recent occasion an Englishman has cracked
the 30-goal barrier in the top division and, until Harry Kane did so in both
2015–16 and 2016–17, Phillips was the most recent English Golden Boot
winner. Particularly impressive, other than the fact that Phillips was playing
for Sunderland, was that he scored 16 times away from home, which remains
a Premier League record, with Alexis Sánchez and Sergio Aguero (both with
15 in 2016–17) the most recent stars to come close to Phillips, but not close
enough.
Rock of ages
Bradford’s 4–0 defeat at Goodison Park in April 2000 looked like it had
condemned the team to doing a Barnsley: a single sorry Yorkshire-based
season in the Premier League. But 10 points from their final five games
allowed City to squeak above Wimbledon. At the time, Bradford’s goal
difference of minus 30 was the worst by any team who had avoided
relegation but, among contemporaries, more was made of the creaking
demographics of their players, with their average age of 30 years and 126
days being the oldest yet seen in the Premier League. At the other end of the
scale, but still within Yorkshire, Leeds’ average age in 1999–2000 was just
24 years and 162 days, which remains the youngest in a Premier League
season. The only other season to have such a wide spread of average ages
was 2012–13, with Fulham representing the pensioners and Aston Villa the
youth. As I said earlier, these seasons should be twinned.
Verdict
A romp for Manchester United, but an entertaining one. This was the era
when only Arsenal, occasionally, were truly capable of challenging the Old
Trafford hegemony, and in seasons in which the Gunners were not on their
game, United galloped away into the distance. The relegation of Wimbledon
can possibly be seen as ending the last links with the rustic First Division era,
and gave the steady rise in average attendances a further shot in the arm.
Is it still called the Premiership? IT’S THE ONLY THING I STILL HAVE
FAITH IN
Relegated: Bradford City, Coventry City, Manchester City
Top scorer: Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink (23)
Most assists: David Beckham (12)
Biggest win: Manchester United 6–0 Bradford City
Overview
Was this Manchester United’s least significant title win under Alex
Ferguson? On paper this was the moment his team joined that exclusive band
(made up of Huddersfield, Arsenal and Liverpool) of clubs who had won the
English title for three years in succession, but after the drama of 1998–99 and
the golazo blitzkrieg of 1999–2000, this season saw United clocking in and
doing enough to win the league by 10 points, but not enough to live too long
in the memory.
Their total of six defeats remains the joint worst of any 20-team Premier
League champions and, significantly perhaps, three of them were inflicted by
their nearest challengers Arsenal (once) and Liverpool (twice). To be fair to
the champions, Arsenal were bludgeoned 6–1 at Old Trafford in February
and half of United’s defeats came in the final three dead rubbery games of the
season, but even that low-key end just added to the sense that this was a good
team, doing nothing more than they needed to do to dominate opponents who
just weren’t at their level. It was also another year in which they were bested
in the Champions League, this time by the Bayern side they had so
dramatically beaten two years previously.
Also of significance was the fact that, for the first time since the
introduction of the award, the Premier League manager of the year was not
handed to the man who had led the champions to the league title. People were
looking elsewhere for inspiration, and they found it in the form of preening
tactician George Burley at Ipswich Town. The Suffolk outfit were back in the
top flight for the first time since 1995, were naturally tipped to struggle, and
yet made an unlikely bid to secure one of the Premiership’s three Champions
League spots.
It wasn’t as if Ipswich started the season in fine form and then held on.
They took only four points from their first five matches, but seven wins from
nine between October and mid-December propelled them into the
inconsistent pack sullenly chasing Manchester United. They never really
outclassed anyone (they didn’t score more than three goals in any of their
league games) but the 19 goals from Marcus Stewart, a kind of West Country
proto-Jamie Vardy, kept them in the hunt.
Stewart, like Ipswich themselves, faded badly the next season, scoring six
times as Ipswich succumbed to the relegation most had forecast for them a
year earlier. But, for one season, Portman Road was an exciting alternative
source of Premiership joy, with journalists crowding trains at Liverpool
Street every other Saturday. Burley’s once-unique achievement of becoming
Premier League manager of the year despite not winning the title has since
been matched by Harry Redknapp (2010), Alan Pardew (2012) and Tony
Pulis (2014) in what looks slightly like a latter-day attempt to offer some
crumbs of success to UK-born managers.
Sub-prime football
The 2000s ended with the City in turmoil, the global financial crisis its gift to
the world. But the decade began with the Cities in turmoil, notably those of
Manchester, Coventry and Bradford. Not only was the 2000–01 season the
only instance in English top-flight history of three City-suffixed teams
getting relegated but they did so without much hope of salvation, the eight-
point gulf between Manchester City in 18th and Derby County (see below) in
17th being the biggest gap between the drop zone and the safety zone in
Premier League history. For these three teams, this season was markedly sub-
prime.
County Feedback
Another institution to crash and burn like the economy in 2008 was Derby
County but the 2000–01 vintage were not much better, despite their relatively
comfortable survival margin (see above). In fact, after 13 games of the
season, Derby looked like they were doomed: seven draws, six defeats and a
giant, glowing zero in the won column. Only two teams since the Second
World War – Leicester in 1975–76 and Sheffield United in 1990–91 – had
gone so long without a win from the start of the season and survived, yet
Derby did and became the only team to do it, so far, in the Premier League
era.
Vintage Becks
The 2000–01 campaign marked the culmination of four seasons of peerless
David Beckham creativity. From August 1997 to May 2001, Beckham
assisted 51 goals (13, 11, 15 and 12 per season respectively). It has become
fashionable, indeed almost obligatory, to promote the other elements of
Manchester United’s turn-of-the-century midfield (the growling driving force
of Keane, the effervescent wing-play of Giggs, Scholes hitting a tree in
training) but Beckham’s consistency in this period was unparalleled, with 15
more assists than any other player (Dennis Bergkamp is second, Giggs and
Steve Guppy joint third). He also scored 30 times, only four fewer than
fading prodigy Robbie Fowler in those four seasons. But after that, just as his
global reach was expanding endlessly, his local impact was on the wane.
Only 16 more assists (quite good, but this is David Beckham we’re talking
about) followed in his final two Premier League campaigns, before he was
shipped off like a nascent virus to Real Madrid in 2003.
Verdict
Another season when a lack of real challengers to Manchester United
resulted, unsurprisingly, in a lack of drama and vigour. There were signs of
progress at Arsenal, where Thierry Henry’s 17 league goals would prove to
be the last time he scored fewer than 20 in a season for six seasons, but the
Gunners needed another 12 months before returning to the top table. More
than the league, it was instead the cups that provided the memories in 2000–
01, with Liverpool winning a knockout treble (FA Cup, League Cup, UEFA
Cup), third-tier Wycombe reaching the FA Cup semi-finals and Leeds
making it to the Champions League semis. Three years later both Wycombe
and Leeds would suffer relegation. Leeds were probably the bigger shock.
4.
Comedown – Football’s Worst Title Defences
‘Never regret thy fall,

O Icarus of the fearless flight
For the greatest tragedy of them all
Is never to feel the burning light’
– Oscar Wilde
After the champagne comes the headache. There was little chance of
Leicester City retaining their Premier League title in 2016–17 and it was clear
by the autumn that the Foxes had applied their surprising-performance
vouchers wholly to the Champions League and had returned to relative
domestic league obscurity.
What Leicester’s 2016–17 season did show, though, was that retaining a
league title can be even harder than winning one. There are quite a lot of
famous instances of small or unfancied sides swooping in from the fog and
plundering a league championship but doing so in successive terms takes a
much stronger team and mindset, and probably an epoch-defining manager or
two. The teams who have done it in England bear this out.
Dynasty digest
Preston in the 1880s

The dominant team as league football was founded in England was Preston
North End. Their fans must have been mad as hops (official Victorian
celebration terminology) in spring 1890 as they celebrated their second title
in two years. Runners-up in the following three seasons, North End fans
would have laughed if you’d said their team would shoot into the brown
(official Victorian etc.) for the next 100-odd years and fail to land another
league title.
Sunderland and Aston Villa in the 1890s

As Preston’s Invincibles faded into obscurity (the term mothballed until it
was reanimated in 2004 for an Arsenal team that never managed to win two
titles in a row), Aston Villa and Sunderland emerged as the first superclubs of
the 19th century. Sunderland won titles in 1892 and 1893, were succeeded by
Villa in 1894, won the title back in 1895 and then saw the Birmingham side
win two in a row in 1896 and 1897. All in all, the Rokermen and the Villans,
possibly the two most consistently depressing sides of the 2010s, won nine of
the 11 league championships between 1892 and 1902. If only you could have
Instagrammed with a box camera, think of the engaging social content they
could have produced.
The Wednesday in the 1900s and late 1920s

Our old favourite definite article ‘The’ has been largely forgotten in modern
football, occasional snarling references on fan YouTube channels to ‘The
Arsenal’ being all that remains of its proud tradition. Go back to the start of
the 20th century and things were different, with Yorkshire powerhouse The
Wednesday winning the title in 1903 and 1904. Three of their four titles came
as The Wednesday, with all four coming as two pairs (and 1929 and 1930).
Crucially, perhaps, the club changed their official name to Sheffield
Wednesday in 1929 and, after creeping to a fourth title a year later, have
never again won English football’s biggest prize. From The Wednesday to
Everyday Wednesday.
Liverpool and Huddersfield in the 1920s and Arsenal in the

1930s
After The Wednesday’s proud pair in the early 1900s there was anarchy (and
a World War that decimated football among other things) in the First
Division, with no titles retained until the 1920s, when there was a sudden
flurry from Liverpool (1922 and 1923) and then the first team to win three in
a row, Huddersfield (1924–26), guided by managerial great Herbert Chapman
for the first two. Chapman then decamped to Arsenal, invented the W-M
formation and won two in a row at the London club, before dying of
pneumonia, which didn’t prevent the Gunners matching Huddersfield’s three
in a row in the 18 months after his death, something only two teams,
Liverpool and Manchester United (twice), have since emulated.
Post-war Pompey
Like fellow P-based outfit Preston, Portsmouth’s only two league titles came
in a pair, namely in 1949 and 1950, in a brief period when they shone
brightly (apt for the team who would subsequently take part in England’s first
floodlit league match). Since then, a third place in 1955 is as close as the only
island city (it’s true) to win the English league title have come. If you’re
looking for a Leicester-like story, where the club actually managed to retain
the title, this is probably as close as you can get.
Manchester United and Wolves in the 1950s

As floodlights were installed and European competition crept slowly into
existence, the English title was retained twice in four years by Manchester
United (1956 and 1957) and Wolves (1958 and 1959). These were great
teams constructed by legendary managers (Matt Busby and Stan Cullis
respectively), yet their periods of dominance were not maintained and they
presaged the anarchic 1960s and 1970s, when only one club, Liverpool, was
able to win back-to-back championships.
Liverpool
English football has seen two long-term dynasties and the first of these was
Liverpool. Between 1973 and 1990 the club won 11 of their 18 league titles,
with consecutive successes in 1976 and 1977, 1979 and 1980, and three in a
row between 1982 and 1984. After that, the Red Machine was still able to
land titles, but never consecutively, a sign of their waning powers. The same
thing happened to Manchester United at the end of the Ferguson era.
Manchester United
The second long-term dynasty in English football came in the 1990s and
2000s under Sir Alex Ferguson at Manchester United (you possibly
remember it). More than perhaps any manager in the history of English
football, Ferguson was able to construct and reconstruct his teams, and
chivvy them into not just winning but then retaining the title. A pair in 1993
and 1994 was interrupted by nouveau riche Blackburn in 1995 but was then
followed by another brace in 1996 and 1997. Between 1999 and 2001 United
became the fourth club to win three titles in a row, something they repeated
under a supercharged Cristiano Ronaldo between 2007 and 2009. Then, even
when his teams and his powers were in decline, Ferguson could coax a title
win out of them (see 2003, 2011 and 2013), something that his managerial
successors must look at with envious awe.
Mourinho’s Chelsea
The only other team to retain the English league title were Chelsea in José
Mourinho’s first two seasons at the club, in 2005 and 2006. Modern-day
Mourinho has lost some of his lustre but in the mid-2000s he was a superstar
sergeant who sneered his way to two dominant league campaigns, before it
all started to crumble. Even so, as one of only a handful of managers to land
successive titles, he certainly justified his club’s decision to replace his
predecessor, Claudio Ranieri.
Which, of course, brings us back round to the essence of this chapter, the
many teams who were not able to do what the clubs above did, and follow up
their glory with more glory. And that’s nothing to be ashamed of, it’s the
standard outcome. But there are failures and then there are failures, and as
Leicester’s dice with relegation in 2016–17 showed, there are levels to which
league champions really shouldn’t sink.
★
There aren’t too many candidates for terrible title defences in the 19th
century as, first, league football was a recent concept, and, second, there
weren’t many countries who were engaged in such a new-fangled football
club ranking system. But, just before the 19th century gave way to the 20th,
Sheffield United unhappily obliged.
Blunted
United had won the league title in some style in 1898, finishing five points
clear of Sunderland, less than a decade after their formation. Life was good
and the players celebrated in the traditional Victorian manner (posed
photographs and a variety of pipes). However, like the many teams who
would follow in their good year/bad year footsteps, fortunes were about to
take a turn for the worse.
Ostensibly, the 1898–99 season began reasonably well for the defending
champions, with United unbeaten until late October and top of the table
(albeit largely owing to the disappointing lack of uniformity in 19th-century
fixture scheduling; the Blades had played three games more than second-
placed Aston Villa at this point), but when your record after 11 games is W3
D8, then there are signs that your title challenge may not be sustainable. In
the year the design of the paperclip was perfected, everything at Bramall
Lane was about to fall apart. Or maybe that should be everything away from
Sheffield United’s home base as, starting with a defeat at Anfield on 29
October, the Blades proceeded to lose every single away game for the rest of
the season, a run of 12 in a row. In the first season to have automatic
relegation between the First and Second Divisions, this was not an ideal
development for the reigning champions.
Fortunately for United, their home form kept them afloat and meant they
were never quite in danger of joining rivals The Wednesday in dropping into
the second tier and being replaced by little Glossop, the smallest town to have
played in the English top flight. Wins in their final three home matches, by an
aggregate of 12–2, cancelled out the depressing run of away defeats and
ensured they would reach 1900 in the premier division. Indeed, United
bounced back in 1899–1900 to finish second behind Aston Villa but they are
still waiting for their second league title and, alongside Preston, are the only
team to have been champions of England but whose success came wholly in
the 19th century.
Goodison to Badison
The next major mishap by a defending champion came 30 years after
Sheffield United’s meltdown, and this time it came from Everton. The
Toffees’ 1927–28 season was an all-time classic, Dixie Dean’s 60 goals
(more than half of the team’s total of 102) a record that stands to this day.
Perhaps the sheer extravagance of that campaign took its toll on Everton but
they then embarked on a mini-period of absolute rollercoaster mayhem. First,
in 1929, they defended their title by finishing a lowly 18th, with away form,
like Sheffield United before them, the main issue (seven defeats in 1927–28,
13 a year later). But where the Blades had bounced back after their bad
defence, Everton plumbed new depths by getting relegated in 1930 (despite
scoring 80 goals), securing promotion in 1931 and then reclaiming the title in
1932. Furthermore, Dixie Dean stayed with them for the entire period, the
very concept of a relegation release clause being as fanciful as artificial turf.
Fear Wild’s heaven

But if Everton began the 1930s like a footballing vaudeville act, the decade
would throw up the ultimate in bad title defences. Manchester City’s league
title in 1936–37 was achieved with them scoring 107 goals, the 10th and final
team of the decade to reach triple figures (no club would manage the feat
again until Manchester United scored 103 in 1956–57, and it’s happened only
16 times since then). Goalscoring remained on point for the Sky Blues in
1937–38, as they ended the season with 80, more than any other side. All
well, you might think. Nothing to see here. Well … no. City, despite scoring
more than any other team and ending the season with a positive goal
difference (although goal average was the tiebreaker of choice at the time),
were relegated. Demoted, flung out of the top flight, bodied into the second
tier. They remain the only team to be relegated as reigning champions of
England, an unimpressively impressive achievement.
For City, like so many of the other struggling champions (including
Leicester last season), it was the decline in performances away from home
that put them in trouble. Wilf Wild’s City team actually won their last two
home games of the season by an aggregate of 13–3 but defeat on the final day
to Huddersfield meant they dropped from 17th to 21st. There were eight
teams who could have gone down on the final day in 1938, just think of the
alliterative name 7 May would have been given by modern television
(suggestions: The Hateful Eight, Mayday, Dimanche of Doom).
You’ve never had it so bad

The 1950s and 1960s were generally a benign time for English sides
defending their league titles but two instances stand out and, like modern-day
Leicester, both were teams defending their first league championship.
First, Chelsea in 1955–56. They came 16th a year after landing their first
title (it would, of course, be 50 years and take the invention of Joe Cole
before they landed another). That triumph, although welcome, did come from
a total of only 52 points, a low point that had previously been seen only in the
pre-war era, and never since. A season later the Blues were eighth at the end
of February, despite winning only one of their opening nine games, and not
seemingly in much trouble, but a run of five successive defeats pushed them
towards the drop zone, before five points from their final three games guided
them clear. They picked up only 13 points fewer than they had the season
before, but in the two-points-for-a-win era, such margins could be the
difference between glory and gloom.
The 1960s produced possibly the closest analogy with Leicester City in the
shape of Ipswich Town, champions from an unfancied location soon after
promotion. Town were led up the divisions and to the title by Alf Ramsey, a
manager whose tactical experimentations gave his team a short-lived but
glorious advantage, demonstrated by their 3–1 win over the defending
champions at White Hart Lane in March 1962, arguably the result that gave
their title push the legitimacy it needed (strikingly similar to Leicester’s win
at Manchester City in February 2016). But after the success came the reality:
an early European Cup exit to AC Milan and news that Ramsey had agreed to
become England manager at the end of the season. Whether it was their lame
duck manager or their opponents coming up with a way of countering
Ipswich’s regimented approach, or a mixture of both, the reality was that six
defeats from seven games between Boxing Day and March (the small number
of matches due to the harsh winter of 1963 that paralysed football in the UK
for months) pushed Town to 21st place and the relegation zone by 19 March.
And, owing to their geographical location, Ipswich had suffered less from the
frozen conditions than their rivals and had played up to six matches more
than teams around them in the table at this point.
But just when they looked doomed to join Manchester City as the second
champions to get relegated, they reeled off six wins and just two defeats from
their final 12 games to finish, relieved, in 17th place. It was only a temporary
reprieve, however, and 12 months later they finished rock bottom of the First
Division and, in the season Ramsey took England to their only World Cup
win, Ipswich finished 15th in the second tier.
Altitude sickness
Statistically, the biggest fall of the 1970s by a reigning champion was
Everton in the first full season of the decade. The Merseysiders had won the
league shortly before England jetted off to Mexico for the 1970 World Cup,
and had supplied the team with four players for the tournament: Alan Ball,
Tommy Wright, Brian Labone and Keith Newton. Some Evertonians
maintain that the efforts that those key Everton men made in the rarefied
Central American air (they played more than 1,000 minutes combined) had a
detrimental effect on them in the following league season. Without scientific
data this is clearly impossible to verify but it’s perhaps notable that Arsenal,
who won the double in 1970–71, did not supply any England players for that
World Cup.
Whatever the reasons, Everton started their title defence abysmally, failing
to win any of their opening six games before a spell of four victories in a row
pushed them into a mid-table berth, where they largely remained all season.
Between the start of October and the end of the campaign Everton were
always somewhere between ninth and the 14th place they eventually ended
up in. Dreary.
Villa not so rosy

If Everton were the only defending champions to finish outside the top 10 in
the 1970s, Aston Villa were the only team to do so in the 1980s, although
they did counter this with the ultimate in consolation prizes, the European
Cup. Their league title in 1980–81 was a triumph of teamwork and man-
management, famously using only 14 players in their entire league campaign,
with seven of them playing all 42 league games. Manager Ron Saunders, who
used to get the apprentices on the bench to count his players’ tackles in a
rudimentary nod to data collection, left the club halfway through the
following season after a contractual dispute, and although Tony Barton led
the Villans to that unlikely European Cup win against Bayern, the brief
glorious spell was over and five years later Villa were relegated to the second
tier.
Looking for Éric

Straddling the end of the old Football League structure and the start of the
Premier League, Leeds United’s title win in 1991–92 owed almost as much to
Manchester United’s insecurities as to their own ability. Alex Ferguson’s
team were one point behind Leeds with two games in hand in mid-April but
were undone by fixture congestion, having to play five league games in 11
days, a spell from which they picked up just four points, the final ignominy
being a defeat to Liverpool at Anfield that handed Leeds their first league
title since 1974, and the secretive society of English football managers their
most recent championship success in the shape of Howard Wilkinson.
A season later everything had changed, and not just the name of the
competition that Leeds and Manchester United were playing in. The first
Premier League campaign in 1992–93 was the start of the Old Trafford side’s
domination of the game and they began by stealing Éric Cantona from Leeds.
The Frenchman had played only a minor role in the Whites’ title win, scoring
three league goals in the second half of the season, all at home against
bottom-half sides, although he had started 1992–93 with a hat-trick against
Liverpool in the Charity Shield. But while Cantona was undoubtedly the
spark for Manchester United’s improvement that season (once he moved
across the Pennines in November), Leeds’ problem was a rank inability to
win away from home. A 4–1 defeat at promoted Middlesbrough in August
didn’t augur well, a defeat at Old Trafford in September likewise. Leeds then
went on to concede four at Portman Road in October and four at Maine Road
in November in a spell of nine successive away defeats. The first away clean
sheet of the campaign came at Highbury in late February, Arsenal being
managed by George Graham, who would bring his unique brand of defensive
football to Elland Road later in the decade.
A 3–3 draw at Coventry on the last day of the season (albeit a match in
which they were 3–1 down in the 88th minute) ensured that Leeds ended the
season (and remain) as the only reigning champions in England to fail to win
an away game. Had home games alone counted, Leeds would have finished
third. Had only matches away from Elland Road mattered, Wilkinson’s team
would have finished six points adrift at the bottom. Their drop from first to
17th is the joint third worst fall of any reigning champions and equal first
with Ipswich in the post-war era. Losing Cantona seems fairly minor in that
context.
★In a curious continuation of their away woes in 1992–93, Leeds’ only win in Europe
away from Elland Road came at a neutral venue (the Nou Camp) in a deciding game
against Stuttgart after the Germans had played an ineligible player in the second leg of the
original tie. Even when they won away, Leeds weren’t technically away.
The madness of Mourinho
The pre-eminent bad title defence of the modern era, before Leicester, came
just 12 months earlier, when Chelsea under José Mourinho buckled in a way
that no one envisaged. While their title win in 2014–15 lacked the excitement
of the Manchester City v Liverpool race of the previous campaign, it was a
solid, professional operation that reeked of Mourinho’s well-honed methods.
The following season it was the complete reverse, with Chelsea losing nine
times in the league under the Portuguese between August and December,
only one fewer than he had suffered in his entire first spell at the club
between 2004 and 2007. The Blues ended the campaign in 10th place, not
quite as bad as their slump to 16th in 1956 but with a considerably more
expensive squad. Their total of 50 points was, until Leicester, the lowest by a
defending champion in the Premier League era. Mourinho’s complaints about
lack of quality were undermined by the fact that Chelsea did at least end
2015–16 with the longest unbeaten run of the season (under caretaker Guus
Hiddink) and then by their sensational revival, with largely the same set of
players, under Antonio Conte the following season.
Global meltdown
It’s not just the English league, though. Across the planet there have been
teams who have flown too close to the sun and then plummeted a year later.
Every calm nation can harbour a Wilf Wild.
In Germany the best example comes from the late 1960s, when Nürnberg
won the Bundesliga in 1967–68 before being relegated the following season.
Austrian Max Merkel, who seems to have been a central European version of
Aston Villa’s Ron Saunders (both men with deep respect for the art of
tackling and suspicious of players who couldn’t graft), guided the team to the
title in 1968 but the following campaign was a disaster, with many of the
ageing, title-winning team jettisoned and replaced with seemingly inferior
players. The result was the club’s longest period outside of the German top
flight.
Finland deserves a mention owing to events of the mid-1990s. In 1994
Tampereen Pallo-Veikot won the Veikkausliiga, the Finnish top flight, only
to be relegated in 1995. Meanwhile, in 1995, they were replaced as
champions by Haka Valkeakoski, who were then relegated themselves in
1996. Of course, with only 14 teams (in 1994 and 1995, it went down to 12 in
1996) the chances of this happening are increased but reigning champions
being relegated for two consecutive seasons is still deeply impressive, in a
disastrous way. Haka’s fortunes at the turn of the century were as follows:
1995, champions; 1996, relegated; 1997, promoted; 1998, champions; 1999,
champions; 2000, champions.
Staying in Scandinavia, Leicester’s success in 2016 must have brought
back memories of Danish side Herfølge Boldklub’s equally unlikely title win
in 2000, under player-manager John Jensen (yeah, that one). A tiny club
compared to the usual suspects in Denmark, they are one of only four teams
to win the Danish title just once. Needless to say, given the subject matter of
this chapter, they were relegated in 2001 as well as being knocked out of the
Champions League qualifying stage by Rangers.
Moving away from Europe, Algeria’s ES Sétif won the country’s top flight
in 1987 only to be relegated the following season. And yet while a second-
tier side, they won the 1988 African Cup of Champions Clubs (having
qualified as Algerian champions) and remain the only club in Africa to have
won the continental tournament while not being a top-flight side.
For Fox sake

Nobody really expected Leicester City to establish a glittering Premier
League dynasty but as the 2016–17 season approached there was no strong
consensus on how football’s ultimate surprise package would do. New rules
allowed kick-offs to go backwards but would the Foxes do the same? Claudio
Ranieri’s team kicked off the new campaign in the early game (one of those
modern tweaks designed to feel like it’s a historical tradition) away at Hull
and lost 2–1, a result that not only meant Leicester had, after 90 minutes of
the season, racked up one-third of the total defeats they suffered when
winning the title the previous season, but also partly nudged Hull into making
the decidedly rash decision of appointing Mike Phelan as their full-time
manager.
Between the start of January and 10 April 2016 Leicester conceded only
six goals in 14 games, but leaked 31 in the opening 18 games of 2016–17, a
run that left them bobbing dangerously in 16th. As we’ve seen with so many
of the other examples in this chapter, it was a deep and sudden collapse in
their ability to compete away from home that was the main force dragging
them down. One point from their first eight away games was the worst such
start by English defending champions.
And yet while the Foxes were being hunted down and exterminated
domestically, in Europe it was a completely different story. In October they
became the first English team, and one of only five in total, to win their
opening three games in the Champions League; at times in that month they
had more points in their group than they did in the league. Meanwhile, four
clean sheets in their opening four games was something that no one had ever
done before in the Champions League. Europe had to deal with power-
Leicester while domestic fans were treated to a team posting (by late
November) the worst start by champions since Ipswich in the 1960s.
If Leicester fans were hoping for even a slight improvement as 2017
dawned they were sorely disappointed. Between Boxing Day and 12
February, City scored one goal in eight games (becoming the first top-flight
side to fail to score in their first five games of a new year since Tottenham in
1986) and the last match in that sequence, a 2–0 defeat at Swansea, now their
relegation rivals, ultimately ended Ranieri’s tenure as manager, to much
wailing and pantomime brow-beating among fans and journalists alike. There
was no way to logically explain Leicester’s march to the title and the same
rules applied when they dismissed the Italian. If he had had little actual
influence on the Foxes’ success then sacking him shouldn’t have made any
difference. And yet if he truly was the mastermind behind the Midlands
side’s glory then surely he must also have been responsible for their
subsequent rapid decline as 2016–17 progressed. Keep him, sack him, bin
him, back him: there was no right or wrong thing to do (this is also known as
the Nigel Adkins conundrum).
What transpired under caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare was one of
the oddest reactions to a team improving their form seen in the annals of
English football. As Leicester followed five league defeats in a row (under
Ranieri) with five wins in a row (under Shakespeare, making the best start by
a British manager in Premier League history) he and the players were
variously labelled as rats, bums and snakes for deigning to improve under a
(mainly) new regime. Twelve months earlier Chelsea had undergone a similar
recovery under Guus Hiddink but had escaped censure. Leicester, as always,
are radical pioneers in their field.
By the end of the season Shakespeare had eased Leicester into a mid-table
position they seem suited to yet seem determined to avoid each year. The
additional wealth and kudos that their title has brought them could and should
set the Foxes up for a spell of relative stability but, as they have demonstrated
all too well in the past 36 months, anything can happen.
For two successive years the Premier League champions dispensed with
their managers in the following campaign. Whether this is an example of
modern football’s impatience or instead an indictment of the tolerance of
mediocrity that existed in older generations is a debatable point, but
ultimately debate is at the heart of the game. Very few things in football are
unarguable but a club’s honours are set in stone, so whether you win the title
for one, two or nine years in a row, you’ve made it. Leicester’s title wasn’t
tarnished by sacking Ranieri; it served only to make their season of wonder
sparkle that little bit more. And they got to avoid relegation as well. Win/win.
Is it still called the Premiership? PERHAPS FOR EVER
Champions: Arsenal
Relegated: Leicester City, Derby County, Ipswich Town
Top scorer: Thierry Henry (24)
Most assists: Robert Pirès (15)
Biggest win: Blackburn 7–1 West Ham United/Liverpool 6–0 Ipswich Town
Overview
The Invincibles luxuriate in their copyrighted glory but there’s a reasonable
argument that Arsenal in 2001–02 were the best of Arsène Wenger’s three
Premier League title-winning teams. In summer 2001 the Gunners, humbled
by Manchester United for two league campaigns in a row, tempted Sol
Campbell from Haringey to Islington, despite the higher council tax. Wenger
justified possibly the most sensational transfer in Premier League history
(certainly one of the last deals where not even the most well-connected
members of the press had an idea of who was about to be unveiled) by
saying: ‘I was told many times that I had to improve my defence.’ How times
change.
But although Campbell did improve Arsenal’s defence (slightly: they
conceded 36 goals, two fewer than in 2000–01 but claimed an additional 17
points), it was their continued development as an attacking force that turned
the Gunners back into title contenders. Unfairly forgotten by many people,
Arsenal scored in all 38 games, the only time this has been done in the top
flight in the modern era (Bolton and Everton both did it in 22-game seasons
in the 19th century). Is scoring in every game harder and/or more impressive
than not losing? It’s hard to be definitive but Arsenal fans got the chance to
find out in the space of three seasons. By 2017, sections of the club’s support
were accusing Wenger of ‘killing the club’, which seems a little ungrateful
given the Frenchman’s extraordinary legacy.
Manchester United began the season looking to become the first team to
win the English league title for four seasons in a row but ended up finishing
outside the top two for the first time since 1991, as Alex Ferguson’s project
to turn his team into one who could consistently challenge in the Champions
League, signified by the signing of Juan Sebastián Verón for a British
transfer record, went sour. Verón, who was vociferously defended by his
manager, ended the season with one assist in 26 league appearances, putting
him level with Charlton goalkeeper Dean Kiely.
Instead it was Liverpool who pushed Arsenal closest, with their final haul
of 80 points the first time they had accrued that many since the glorious
1987–88 campaign, and one more than they had earned in 1989–90, the last
time they had been champions.
At the foot of the table, Ipswich’s demise a year after they had been the
nation’s plucky darlings was a surprise (probably less so after Town won
only one of their first 17 league games), but it looked like they had recovered
when a win at Goodison Park in February took them up to 12th. Over the
final 13 games they collected just one more win, however, and they slipped
into the second tier, where they have been ever since. Joining them were
Derby and Leicester, all of which meant that 2002–03 would be the first top-
flight season with no representatives from East Anglia or the East Midlands
since 1956–57. The 2001–02 season was also the first in the Premier League
era to see all three promoted teams stay up the following season, with the
tenacious trio of Fulham, Blackburn and Bolton all remaining in the top flight
until the next decade.
Relentless
Teams who end the season well tend to be remembered more fondly than
those who play their best football in the first half of the season (Manchester
United in 2012–13 being a good example of the latter). Arsenal in 2001–02
ended the campaign with 13 wins in a row and, between 23 December and
their final match in May, dropped just six points (via three drawn games) in
their final 21 games. A win in the opening game of 2002–03 set the English
top-flight record of 14 successive victories while at a few points in
September and October Wenger’s team had collected 59 points from their last
21 games (a rolling total), which remains the greatest run of form in top-
flight history. Runners-up Liverpool almost matched Arsenal with 13 wins
from 15 under stand-in manager Phil Thompson to end the season. It would
be the Reds’ last genuine title tilt for seven years.
Toonacious
Think of Newcastle’s Premier League glory years and the mid-1990s is the
correct response from your brain. But Bobby Robson’s 2001–02 team is often
overlooked as a genuine force. Not only did the Magpies reach the
Champions League by ending the season in fourth but they topped the table at
Christmas and showed admirable resilience throughout the entire season. In
fact, their total of 34 points won from losing positions remains the most a
team has recovered in a Premier League season. Almost half (48 per cent) of
their points that season, therefore, came in games in which the opposition had
led. Bobby Keegan. Sir Kevin Robson.
Topsy-turvy
While in 2001–02 a goalkeeper scored in the Premier League for the first
time (Peter Schmeichel netting for Aston Villa away at Everton, the first
keeper to score in the top flight since Coventry’s Steve Ogrizovic in 1986),
the outfielders responsible for tucking away penalties had a torrid time. Only
48 of the 73 spot-kicks awarded in 2001–02 nestled in the net shortly
afterwards, a conversion rate of only 65.8 per cent, the lowest yet seen in the
Premier League. (2001–02 is, unsurprisingly, the only season to see fewer
than 50 penalty goals.) Chief culprits were Charlton, who failed with all three
of theirs, while Derby could score only two of the five they were given.
Verdict
After two seasons of generic Manchester United formality romps, 2001–02
was a genuine thriller, with the title race alive until the penultimate round of
fixtures. Arsenal’s title win should, really, have been the first of their own
three-in-a-row, but in 2002–03 Alex Ferguson employed all of his dark (and
light) arts to regain the upper hand in his increasingly embittered battle with
Arsène Wenger, stoked to fever pitch when the Gunners had the temerity to
win the title at Old Trafford.
Is it still called the Premiership? I’VE CHECKED AND YES
Relegated: Sunderland, West Bromwich Albion, West Ham United
Top scorer: Ruud van Nistelrooy (25)
Most assists: Thierry Henry (20)
Biggest win: West Bromwich Albion 0–6 Liverpool
Overview
Master and commander. Has any manager other than Alex Ferguson ever
won the Premier League when they really shouldn’t have? (NB, I’m saying
that Leicester in 2016 is just too odd to be included in this.) Keegan in 1996,
Benítez in 2009, Rodgers in 2014; there are numerous examples of title-
worthy teams who just couldn’t quite get across the finishing line in first
place, but at least three, possibly four, of Manchester United’s 13 Premier
League titles were prised from rivals with a determination and doggedness
that came, undoubtedly, from their fierce manager. His 2002–03 triumph is
possibly the finest example, as United hunted down Arsenal in their breezy
Wengerian pomp and sowed the first tiny seeds of the mental disintegration
that would hamper the Gunners for more than a decade.
With nine games to go Arsenal were eight points clear of United, having
cruised past Charlton at home, with Highbury seemingly an impregnable
fortress and Manchester United still to visit. In that eagerly awaited fixture,
Arsenal led their great rivals 2–1 but a late Ryan Giggs goal gave Ferguson’s
team parity. Soon after, Arsenal faced a trip to Sam Allardyce’s Bolton
Wanderers, a phrase that could send southern-based progressive midfielders
into a mental breakdown in the early 2000s. The Gunners squandered a 2–0
lead to draw another match 2–2. United’s relentless progression,
accompanied by the chant ‘we want our trophy back’, saw them eviscerate
Charlton 4–1 on 3 May, leaving Arsenal eight points behind, albeit with two
games in hand.
But the next day, relegation-haunted Leeds shocked Highbury with a 3–2
win that sent the Premier League trophy back to Old Trafford. Arsenal
followed up in midweek with a rueful 6–1 romp against Southampton,
notable for two hat-tricks (from Pirès and Pennant, two of four Arsenal
players to score hat-tricks in the Premiership in 2002–03) and the fact that it
was the first game in their 49-game unbeaten run. As recoveries go, that’s a
good one.
At the time, Manchester United’s total of 31 days atop the Premier League
was the shortest amount of time spent there by a title winner, and their form
after losing to Middlesbrough on Boxing Day (15 wins and three draws) was
breathtaking, if hard to take for Arsenal. Paul Scholes, in the era before he
had transformed into a deep midfielder who could impress Cristiano Ronaldo
by kicking balls against trees, scored 14 goals, his best return in a top-flight
campaign, while David Beckham, in his final appearance for the club, scored
with a direct free-kick, the 18th of his Premier League career, a total that has
never been beaten.
Blunderland
While Manchester United spent the first half of 2003 hoovering up victories,
Sunderland’s concurrent decline was even more astounding. Having sacked
Peter Reid after a defeat to league leaders Arsenal in October, the club, who
had finished seventh in 2000 and 2001, appointed Howard Wilkinson, the last
Englishman to manage a side to a league title. One defeat from his opening
five matches suggested he could be the man to keep the reeling Wearsiders
up, but alas not. Nine defeats from his last 10 games (including a 3–1 defeat
against Charlton to which Sunderland contributed not one, not two but three
own goals, a Premier League record that has been matched only by …
Sunderland in 2014), led to the club appointing their third manager of the
season, genial Hiberno-Englishman Mick McCarthy, who promptly led the
club to defeat in their remaining nine games, meaning they ended the season
with 15 defeats in a row. When the club eventually returned to the Premier
League in 2005–06 they lost their opening five matches, extending their
record to 20 top-flight defeats in a row, which may never be beaten.
Earn your stripes

The 2002–03 season was the second in which the Premier League had four
qualifying spots for the Champions League (or, more accurately, two for the
Champions League and two for the qualifiers), and it was, naturally, around
this time that the fetishisation of finishing in the top four emerged. Three of
the top four sides (Manchester United, Arsenal and Chelsea) in May 2003
would go on to form that most 2000s of entities ‘the Big Four’, with
Newcastle making up the quartet. The Magpies’ third place in 2003 remains
the last time that a team wearing stripes has finished in the top four. A
hundred years earlier, stripes were a sign of respectability, with the design
claiming 10 of the 18 league titles between 1892 and 1909, but in the 21st
century, their impact has been as narrow as their own essence.
Beachcombers
One virtual guarantee in the modern Premier League is the quality of the
pitches. Even when clubs with smaller grounds such as Bournemouth make it
to the top flight, the playing surface is invariably immaculate. But 2002–03
featured almost certainly the worst ever Premier League pitch and possibly a
top-flight low (though no doubt a Victorian side played at least once on
gorse). The stadium was Stamford Bridge and the match was Claudio
Ranieri’s Chelsea against Charlton; long before the Italian was tearing up the
rulebook in 2015–16, he seemingly oversaw the removal of all turf at the
Bridge, with Charlton claiming that a home official had told them that what
they had played on was the base for a new pitch, rather than an actual …
pitch. The Addicks demanded that the game, which they lost 4–1, should be
replayed, but their request wasn’t granted and they were left instead to rue
their lack of penetration on Chelsea beach. (NB, a tabloid newspaper’s
response to this event was to stage a rematch involving donkeys on
Blackpool beach, complete with ‘Clopta Stats’ on the game. A different
time.)
Verdict
Fourteen years may have passed but the memories of Manchester United
hunting down reigning champions Arsenal and pulling off an unlikely win are
still powerful, with the heat of the tussle in 2002–03 fanning the flames for
further battles in 2003–04 and a wounded United’s ending of Arsenal’s
invincibility in 2004–05. As the nation, and increasingly the world, focused
on the Gunners and the Red Devils, early in July 2003 a Russian businessman
called Roman Abramovich purchased Chelsea. The Wenger/Ferguson era of
twin dominance was nearing its end.
Is it still called the Premiership? THE NAMING CONVENTION SEEMS

INVINCIBLE
Champions: Arsenal
Relegated: Wolverhampton Wanderers, Leeds United, Leicester City
Most assists: Muzzy Izzet (14)
Biggest win: Portsmouth 6–1 Leeds/4 games ended 5–0
Overview
It shouldn’t be underrated. It can’t be underrated. Whether it deserved a
special golden trophy is not a debate for these pages, but you can see why the
metallurgy experts were engaged. The 2003–04 season is nothing without
those Invincibles. A glance at the table shows Arsenal winning the league
(played 38, won 26, drew 12, lost … you know) by 11 points but it wasn’t a
runaway victory, not until the last few weeks at least. Arsenal’s campaign
contained Thierry Henry’s greatest goal haul, with 30 (22 of them coming at
Highbury) and it remains a stunning achievement. Even so, if you had
suggested in the long summer of 2004 that Arsenal would go at least 14 years
without another league title, you’d have been thought insane.
As befitted the great Arsenal–Manchester United war of the early century,
Sir Alex Ferguson’s churlishness about the London side’s achievement was
as remarkable as it was unfounded. ‘It wasn’t championship form from
Arsenal; they had too many draws,’ he said. ‘Normally you’re going to lose
about four games a year when you win a title but, with all the draws they
were getting, four defeats would have cost them first place. You can use
religion but they adopted remaining undefeated as their great cause. It was a
one-off, I don’t expect it to be repeated.’
While he was right (so far) about it not being repeated, Ferguson’s
insistence that 12 draws was unusual wasn’t true. Arsenal were, in fact, the
22nd English champions to record 12 or more draws (although Leicester in
2015–16 are the only club to have done it since), including three of
Ferguson’s own champions (1993, 1997 and 1999, with United recording a
whopping 13 draws in the latter season; would he accept anyone saying that
the treble winners hadn’t demonstrated ‘championship form’?). What’s not
recorded is whether anyone told Ferguson about 1978–79 in Serie A, where
Perugia went unbeaten (with 11 wins and 19 draws) yet came only second to
Milan. Now that is too many draws.
Ferguson’s mind games, so beloved by the media and so revered since his
retirement, were designed to detract from his own team’s failings. Two wins
and three defeats in their final six games ensured United finished outside the
top two and marked the true start of their manager’s toughest rebuilding job
(adding Cristiano Ronaldo in summer 2003 was a reasonable start), with even
an FA Cup win slightly underplayed given that it came against second-tier
Millwall. Meanwhile, seventh-placed Charlton recorded the highest top-flight
finish with a goal difference of zero since Stoke in 1936 (when goal
difference didn’t even count). It remains the last time the Addicks finished as
one of the top 10 clubs in the country, their mid-2000s complaints about a
lack of UEFA Cup qualification now just a cruel footnote to their decline.
At the bottom of the table fans were treated to a super-rare three-way
relegation draw, with Wolves, Leeds and Leicester all ending the season on
33 points (Leicester drew 15 games; #toomanydraws). This is the only time
in English top-flight history when three teams have gone down on the same
points. At the time, you would have expected Leeds to return soonest, given
that only three years earlier they had contested a Champions League semi-
final, but they have been out of the top tier ever since, while Wolves and
Leicester (the latter in outstanding fashion) have bounced back.

We need to talk about Kevin
As reinventions go, the Kevin Davies remake of 2003–04 (director: Sam
Allardyce) was a good one. The striker’s spells at Southampton and
Blackburn had been frustrating, and most had given up on the former
Chesterfield starlet coming good in the Premiership, but at Allardyce’s
Bolton he flourished. In 2003–04 he both scored and assisted nine goals (nine
assists was more than either Robert Pirès or Dennis Bergkamp managed for
champions Arsenal that season), but he also gave his team a physical edge
that his manager relished. Davies ended the season having conceded 98 fouls,
and then reached the magical three-figure mark in 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–
09, 2009–10 and 2010–11. Why choose between beauty and the beast when
you can have both in one package?
How I learned to love the Bootboys

It passed unnoticed at the time but 2003–04 was the last time the great Alan
Shearer scored 20 league goals in a season, clocking up 22 as Newcastle
came fifth (missing out on the top four thanks mainly to their total of 17
draws; #toomanydraws). But while the total was impressive, and second only
to Thierry Henry, seven of Shearer’s 22 came via the penalty spot, the former
England man scoring more spot-kicks than 17 of the 20 Premiership teams. In
fact, with only 110 shots all season, almost 10 per cent of Shearer’s shots in
2003–04 came from the penalty spot (he took 10, missing three). It was a
telling change in his game as injuries started to take their toll on the battering
ram who had bludgeoned the defences of the 1990s. For Newcastle, it would
be a long wait for another player to score 20 or more league goals, with no
one managing it until Dwight Gayle in 2016–17.
Jonesing for action

Were 2003 and 2004 the most eventful years of Paul Jones’s goalkeeping
life? You’d have to say yes (you don’t have to, but I’m saying it’s a fair
shout). In May 2003 he became the first substitute goalkeeper to appear in an
FA Cup final. Then, in 2003–04, Jones became the second, and possibly
final, player to play for three Premier League clubs in a single season (arcane
registration regulations from barmy bureaucrats have since made this almost
impossible to replicate). Jones started the season as Southampton’s No. 1
before an emergency move to Liverpool in January, where he made two
appearances, keeping one clean sheet. Then, just a couple of weeks later, he
moved to Wolves, where he appeared 16 times as the Midlands side dropped
out of the big league.
Verdict
Let it be said: Arsenal’s 12 draws do not undermine their achievement in
going an entire league season unbeaten. They had three successive games in
the closing weeks of the season where they edged nervously to draws,
unusual to see in champions-elect. But this was precisely because they were
chasing the seemingly impossible. The tension around those final few games
that season (even for non-Arsenal fans) was palpable. People knew they
might be about to see something epochal. And they did.
5.
The Blueprint for a Perfect Match
‘It’s one of them days when you just say “it’s one of them days”’
– Ian Wright
Your name is ________. You are a football manager. You are 59 years old.
You spent most of your playing career in the second tier. You have had a
successful career as a manager for the past 22 years. Your ambition is to
manage the England team one day. Your team is playing an FA Cup match
on Saturday. Your team played a European game in midweek. You are under
pressure to get results after a difficult period. You know that defeat in the
forthcoming cup game will almost certainly get you sacked. You do not want
to be sacked. What can you do to ensure you come through the cup tie and
keep your job, for another week at least?
Thursday morning (two days before the game)

You meet your assistant manager before light training (you played in
northern Portugal on Tuesday night and landed at Luton airport at 01:25 on
Wednesday morning). He has noticed that you’ve lost three times after
playing in Europe this season and wants to discuss this. You’ve asked your
club’s data scout to compile a report. Here are his findings.
2000–2017 Pts difference post-Europe

Arsenal -0.02
Chelsea -0.20
Liverpool -0.16
Man City -0.29
Man Utd -0.08
Tottenham +0.09
Overall -0.10
It seems that generally there is a slight penalty after playing in Europe,

with major teams averaging about 0.1 points per game less in games after
European matches than they do overall. He notes that the worst performance
in his study was Chelsea in 2002–03, who averaged only 0.5 points per game
after European matches, down 1.26 on their seasonal average. This was the
final season before Roman Abramovich’s takeover of the club and the
management were restricted in terms of squad depth.
You note that you are in a similar position and, although the forthcoming
game is a cup match, injuries and the need to progress as far as possible mean
you are restricted in changing the team much from the midweek game. Your
data scout agrees with this approach but you sense some resistance from your
assistant, who you suspect is keen to supplant you.
Friday morning (one day before the game)

Friday’s edition of the Daily Mail carries an article by a columnist, a former
professional who played under you, claiming that you are tactically outmoded
and haven’t adapted to changes in the modern game.
He notes that supporters have complained about your insistence on playing
a defensive 4–5–1 system, and this is accompanied by a table that shows that
it has the lowest win percentage of the six main formations used in the
Premier League, just 20 per cent. The ex-player suggests a series of foreign
managers who are out of work who could replace you either immediately or
in the summer. You notice he thinks Shakhtar Donetsk are a Russian team.
You see that 4–4–2, a formation you used heavily in the late 1990s when
you were regularly lauded as one of the brightest young managers in the
English game, is not used very much any more in the Premier League, but it
does have a reasonable win percentage of 36 per cent. You consider bringing
in an additional striker for the cup game tomorrow, although you are not
confident your second-and third-choice forwards are up to the task.
Friday evening (one day before the game)
Your team is at home in the cup game tomorrow, so you are able to relax at
your executive-style home on the outskirts of a town that lies 17 miles from
the town the team you manage play in. Your weary wife is walking away
from the telephone, which is ringing. It is your chairman, who is reminding
you of the importance of tomorrow’s game. You agree with the chairman. He
notes that the game is not being shown live on television in the UK, as they
expect that your opponents, who are in the second tier, will not be able to
knock out the Premier League side on their home ground. He hopes they are
right. You agree with the chairman. He mentions the piece in the Daily Mail
and says that negative coverage of the club isn’t helpful. You agree with the
chairman. He wishes you luck for tomorrow. You say goodnight to the
chairman.
Friday night (one day before the game)

You get an email on your iPad (you are unwilling to link your email account
to your phone as you are not entirely sure how it works and you do not want
to send anything by mistake; a former team-mate once sent his resignation
letter to the Mail on Sunday by accident) 10 minutes before midnight. The
email is from the data scout at the football club. He has compiled a report
looking at the history of top-flight teams playing Second Division sides in the
FA Cup. You are slightly annoyed that it has come late, but you remember
that he watches a lot of these American sports so is often most active at this
time of night.
The results show that since the Second World War (your usual cut-off
point for most studies), top-flight teams playing at home (in the first game at
least) have progressed three-quarters of the time, rising to almost 80 per cent
in the Premier League era.
You drift off to sleep and sleep uneasily, the number 79 and your
assistant’s leering face infiltrating your dreams in a series of unexpected and
uninteresting ways.
FA Cup 1946–2017 unless stated

Ties between top-flight and second-tier teams 1241
Progression rate of top-flight side 72%
Top-flight team at home to second-tier team 576
Progression rate of top-flight side at home 75%
Home ties in PL era (Jan 1993 onwards) 214
Progression rate of top-flight sides at home 79%
Saturday morning (day of the game)

In a parallel universe, today’s game is already under way. A television
company has used the long history of this particular cup competition to
leverage a significant broadcasting contract in Asia, and has requested that
one game in each round of fixtures should kick off at 11 a.m. GMT, so it can
be shown on Saturday evening in the new market, but so far the organisers
have refused to acquiesce.
As you journey to the ground you think back to the start of your
managerial career, when the Premier League experimented with kick-offs
before 12 p.m., occasionally because of police advice but mainly for
broadcasting reasons. Between 1993 and 2005, 29 games kicked off at 11
a.m., 11.15 or 11.30, with the matches producing a healthy 3.1 goals per
game, 0.5 more than the average.
In November 2000, those global viewers were able to enjoy Mark Viduka
scoring all four goals as Leeds defeated Liverpool 4–3 in a match that began
at 11.30 a.m. In something that became semi-typical of these morning kick-
offs, Liverpool keeper Sander Westerveld was forced to wear a cap because
of the low winter sun that hung over Elland Road. You reflect that in trying
to please viewers in the land of the rising sun, star players were made to deal
with one that had already climbed too high.
This won’t be an issue today, though. The kick-off is at three o’clock and it
is already raining.
Saturday lunchtime (day of the game)

You have decided to play two forwards in this game. You know some people
will think that this is a reaction to the Daily Mail article but you have actually
been thinking of doing it for some time, even if you haven’t articulated it.
Some two-bit smart alec on Twitter has said that no team playing with two
out-and-out strikers have lifted the FA Cup since 2006, and even then
Liverpool won on penalties, but you reassure yourself that this isn’t an FA
Cup final. Not yet anyway.
You deliver your pre-match briefing after lunch at 12:51 as you have for
the entirety of your career. You reiterate your long-held mantra that shooting
from outside the box is not productive and you’ll fine any player who does it
twice in a game.
You engage your assistant in a conversation the players have heard many
times, but repetition helps people remember things. It helps you remember
things.
‘What are the odds of scoring from a shot inside the box?’
‘Fourteen per cent, boss,’ he replies, a little monotonously.
‘Sounds good to me. What about outside the box?’
‘Just 3 per cent.’
‘Three per cent sounds lower than 14 per cent.’
‘Quite a lot lower, boss.’
‘Yes, just as being fined £0 sounds lower than being fined £1,000. Do you
think that sounds lower?’
‘Yes, boss, definitely sounds lower to me,’ he adds sullenly, turning away
from the team before the sentence is even finished.
‘Heroes shoot from inside the box, never forget that. Heroes shoot from
inside the box.’ You end the speech by thumping your right fist into your left
hand but most of the players are fiddling with their socks or their laces and
don’t see the gesture.
Saturday 2 p.m.
Your pre-match obligations include a five-minute chat with sponsors and
corporate fans. It is your least favourite part of the working week. Recently,
you have suffered criticism in this slot for your defensive approach to games.
You have the lowest number of shots on target in the Premier League and
you’ve either won or lost 1–0, or drawn 0–0 in 74 per cent of your league
games so far. One of the sponsors has been vociferous about how his
company’s brand is associated with entertainment and yet he rarely sees any
when he comes to games. You have asked for some data to back you up in
case the point is raised again. It is.
‘Manager, can you assure us that you and your team are committed to
attacking play?’
‘I can assure you we’re committed to getting the best result for this football
club.’
‘Through attacking play?’
‘Through winning play. Winning games is our aim. Attacking play helps us
win games, but attacking too much can cause us to lose games. The chairman
doesn’t like us losing games.’ You smile, ruefully, remembering the incident
at the Christmas party in 2009. How were you to know, how were you to
know?
Snapping out of the unpleasant reflection, you quote the data you have
been given:
2012–2017 Comeback win % Comeback win or draw %

Big Six team 24% 47%
Other team 7% 24%
‘The fact is, for teams outside the Big 6 going behind makes victory
extremely unlikely. Stopping our opponents scoring is paramount to our
success as a football club. Teams who have had five or more shots on target
win 57 per cent of their games; teams who allow the opposition two shots on
target or fewer win 62 per cent of their games. Gentlemen, my defence is the
defence. Continue to attack me and I will prevail.’
You walk out of the room without looking back. The game is imminent.
Saturday 2.50 p.m.

The last few minutes before the match. You rarely offer any advice at this
point; it’s too late to make tactical changes, and you’ve found that
impassioned speeches are best saved for key moments in a season that may
come along only once or twice, if at all. For a group of people who enjoy
publishing inspirational quotes on social media, footballers are largely
immune to oratory.
Saturday 3 p.m.
You sit in your dugout and ponder the fact that football is one of the few
sports where the person who controls the team has a hindered view of the
action. In 2008 you campaigned against proposals to ban TV monitors in
Premier League dugouts, but lost the vote. As you see it, the tyranny of the
referees’ association won out, officials fearful of live feedback during games.
The technical zone was, ultimately, stripped of replay technology invented in
the mid-1950s. You have seen coaching staff at other clubs surreptitiously
hunched over smartphones looking at pixelated goal clips and data feeds.
You also notice that the pre-match rituals have caused a slight delay to the
kick-off, as usual. You are unaware that in the Premier League in 2016–17 6
per cent of 3 p.m. games kicked off at least a minute late, but it’s certainly
something you’d enjoy.
Saturday 3.12 p.m.

The early stages of the game have not gone well. Your beloved firewall of
allowing the opposition just two shots on target has already been breached
and the new formation isn’t working, the two strikers having touched the ball
only four times between them, two of them from the (traditionally taken)
kick-off.
You know this is bad because Premier League teams, despite their
addiction to player rotation in the FA Cup, allow about 0.4 shots on target
fewer in the FA Cup than they do in league competition. This is not the start
you were looking for. You look up at the directors’ box. The chairman is
staring straight back at you. Your assistant is smiling to himself, breaking off
only to aggressively harass the fourth official about encroachment.
Saturday 3.25 p.m.

Here it is, the opening goal. Your defence will blame the goalkeeper, your
goalkeeper will blame the defence. You will blame … yourself. A set-piece
goal is always a stab to the ego. Open-play goals, well they come from
brilliant chaos, but set-piece goals are eminently preventable. Around 14 per
cent of the goals in Premier League history have come from corners or
indirect free-kicks and you can guarantee that each one of them has been
pored over, discussed, diagnosed, rewound and regretted.
This goal came from a corner. You mark zonally as you have for more than
a decade. You are English so you are at least rarely criticised for it by the
national media, who nonetheless still seem to view zonal marking as an
aberration from the culprit-based man-to-man marking system. In the 2000s
Andy Gray said of zonal marking: ‘I’m not saying it’s a shocking system, but
it is flawed and that makes it very difficult to blame people who are marking
space,’ making it clear that in the English game, identifying and punishing
players after a set-piece goal is conceded is both expected and necessary.
And, implicitly, that the true issue with zonal marking is that it means that
punishment must be attributed to the abstract system and the collective team
and not to an individual.
As Michel Foucault said: ‘It is the certainty of being punished and not the
horrifying spectacle of public punishment that must discourage crime,’ but
this is a concept that is yet to reach analysis of defending set-pieces.
Saturday 3.42 p.m.

Disaster. Your goalkeeper goes down with a head injury in a melee following
a corner (your team’s defending of set-piece situations in this game continues
to be a serious concern), and the physio has indicated that he cannot continue
in the game. Last year you trended for 15 minutes on social media in the
United States after stating that ‘in my experience, a bash on the head is no
worse than a kick on the shin’. You remember that someone in Connecticut
called you a ‘medically illiterate whackjob’.
Your reserve goalkeeper looks aghast as he realises he’ll have to come on.
He conceded five goals in his last appearance, a League Cup tie in the
autumn. You look aghast as you remember this game.
From the recesses of your mind you recall a study of substitution impacts
you requested from your data team. The information showed that first-half
substitutions and goalkeeper substitutions were relatively positive in win-
percentage terms. Unsurprisingly, there were relatively few (<50) occasions
when a goalkeeper was substituted, but more than 400 first-half substitutions,
and it seemed to be a better move than a half-time switch, where the win-
percentage was noticeably lower. This was almost certainly because the
majority of substitutions before half-time would be due to injury rather than a
dire game situation, whereas at half-time the opposite would almost certainly
be true.
The two most obscure substitution scenarios were making three changes at
once or no changes at all. Both, in different ways, are gambles and thus rarely
seen. As you discovered, the only team to win without making any
substitutions in the last five years were Hull City against reigning champions
Leicester in August 2016, and that was because they had barely any players
to call on.
Premier League since 2012–13 Win%

Double subs 26.3%
Treble subs 18.2%
No subs 11.1%
First-half sub 35.9%
Half-time sub 25.1%
Keeper subs 37.8%
The other issue with substitutions is that you’re largely limited to players
who are either out of form or not good enough to make the team in the first
place. The list of Premier League players with the highest proportion of goals
from the bench is a case in point. Yes, they were impact players but the main
impact they made was that they were not good enough to start games in the
Premier League. The highest-scoring player in Premier League history never
to score after coming on as a sub? Éric Cantona with 70. He started games
because he was Éric Cantona and Éric Cantona was good. You didn’t bench
Éric Cantona so you could wait and see what happened.
That said, as your first-choice goalkeeper is carried off the pitch to

lukewarm applause, you have no choice. Your reserve goalkeeper is putting
on his gloves, and when this is complete he pulls his knees towards his
stomach as he jumps up and down, in time-honoured substitute-preparing-to-
enter-the-field-of-play fashion. A cursory studs check from the assistant
referee and your new custodian is plunged into the game.
Saturday 3.47 p.m.
Half-time. You are still trailing by one goal. Your (first-choice) goalkeeper
has already left for hospital. The plucky lower league side almost scored from
another set-piece just before half-time, but your (second-choice) goalkeeper
made a (first-class) save to keep you in it. As you walk into the dressing
room you overhear someone saying that conceding just before half-time is the
worst time to concede, something that has enraged you ever since you were
told it is not really true. Conceding in the 80th minute, for example, is
slightly worse.
A screen in the dressing room shows data from the first half, although half
of the screen is covered with what the club shop calls an anthem jacket. Even
so, you can see your team have already allowed the opposition four shots on
target. You prepare to show your displeasure to the team, although you see
your assistant speaking to one of the strikers while covering his mouth with
his hand. What is happening to the game?
Saturday 4.12 p.m.

Your three-minute, eight-second rant at the players at half-time has had no
discernible effect yet. You still trail 1–0. The opposition have already had
two more shots on target. Your (second-choice) goalkeeper has doubled the
number of saves he’s made all season in around 13 minutes of action.
Your assistant is staring blankly at the pitch, although he has made a
threatening comment to the fourth official, something to do with a car park
and a … yoga mat? You shake your head in what you think is an
imperceptible way, but within 83 seconds there’s a gif of this head shake
being shared on various social media channels. You try to remember the
information you were given about game states.
After a worrying pause, you remember the detailed information you were
given about game states in Major European Leagues.
Specifically you remember being asked (by a slightly supercilious man)

whether you thought teams had more shots when they were winning or
losing. You, to the man’s apparent delight, said winning, and you were
incorrect. Teams generally shoot more when they are trailing, which did
make sense when you thought about it. Possession time is also higher for
trailing teams, which again seems logical, as teams who have the lead are
likely to value their shape and solidity more than trying to open up their
opponents.
Applying this to your current situation, you call over the left midfielder
and tell him to remind the rest of the team to ensure they shoot only in good
positions. The age-old advice of ‘stay calm, don’t panic’ is what you are
saying, albeit backed up with actual evidence.
Saturday 4.43 p.m.

Drama at the death. Your (first-choice) centre-forward is shoved in the back
and falls gracefully to the ground. It’s traditional to say that the referee didn’t
hesitate but this time he did, for what seems like minutes but is actually less
than four seconds. Eventually, with an exaggerated sense of self-importance,
he points to the spot and your staff and unused substitutes erupt. You sit still,
hoping your clear instructions will be followed. Your assistant shouts ‘that’s
what’s been coming, you mugs’ to no one in particular.
The fouled centre-forward picks himself up and looks around to see where
the ball is. He is your designated penalty taker but only in situations when he
has not won the penalty. The reasoning is that the conversion rate of players
who take penalties they have won themselves, in the Premier League at any
rate, is lower than when another player takes it. Not by a huge margin, but
enough to hang a club policy on.
You can see your other main penalty taker, the Irish fullback, making this
point to the centre-forward. The striker is shaking his head but seems to be
handing the ball to his teammate. The Irish full-back is left-footed and you
once harboured negative views towards left-footed penalty takers, but once
you were shown there is minimal variation in conversion rates between left-
and right-footed players, you were happy to change your stance. On a related
note, you once tried to sign Obafemi Martins and considered asking him to
nominate a chosen foot for penalties in his contract as he scored with both
feet in his career and you felt it was unnecessary showboating.
Premier League 2012–2017 Success rate

Taken by player who won penalty 73%
Not taken by player who won penalty 81%
Taken right-footed 80%
Taken left-footed 77%
Saturday 4.45 p.m.

The penalty area is empty of players other than your full-back and the
opposition goalkeeper. You know that your player has scored with seven of
his last nine penalties and prefers to go low and to the left. If the goalkeeper
moves in that direction during his run-up he’ll switch, otherwise it will be
low left. This goalkeeper plays for a club who rarely have need to scout
Premier League goalkeepers so you are reasonably confident he’ll go low
left. According to a report you received from your data scout, high penalties
are rarely reached by the goalkeeper but, understandably, do carry a greater
risk of missing the target. Low left will do. Frankly, anything will do.
Premier League 2012–2017 Success rate
High left 97%
High right 97%
High centre 100%
Low left 79%
Low right 81%
Low centre 80%
Only includes penalties hit on target and not those wide and/or
high
The Irish full-back goes low left, the goalkeeper stands still and watches
the ball hit the back and side of the net simultaneously. 1–1. You look up to
the directors’ box. The chairman is not in his seat.
Saturday 5.01 p.m.

Extra-time (a new experiment at this stage of the competition, as part of the
great fight with fixture congestion), which brings the unedifying scenes of
dispensing managerial advice and guidance on the actual playing surface.
Your main aims are to assess who is struggling (you have by now used two of
your three substitutions) and to crystallise the team’s set-up in the additional
30 minutes. As you see it, there are two ways to approach extra-time. Option
one is to carry on as normal, and treat the additional time as a further
opportunity to win the match. Option two is to close down the game and
make reaching penalties the primary aim.
Since penalty shoot-outs were introduced to the FA Cup in 1991, around
57 per cent of the games in the first round or later that have reached extra-
time have been settled in the additional period, with the remainder going to
penalties. Between 1991 and 1998 second-tier teams won on penalties against
top-flight sides in the FA Cup on three of six occasions but since then the
Premier League sides have won seven in a row.
You decide to hedge your bets and tell your team to keep probing but to
keep it tight as well. The conditions have tired both sides and you are
confident your side’s fitness levels are superior. You reiterate your rule about
not shooting from long range. People remember Steven Gerrard’s goal in the
2006 FA Cup final, but his total of eight, unsuccessful, shots from outside the
box as Liverpool blew their title chances against Chelsea in 2014 is a more
telling tale.
Saturday 5.32 p.m.

Extra-time is over, extra-time was abysmal. Your opponents, tantalised by the
prospect of the penalty shoot-out, parked a bus of such solidity and
immovability that you managed only three shots, all of them from outside the
penalty area; 3 per cent of sheer ineptitude. The other team’s manager looks
delighted as the referee ends the second period of extra-time, punching the air
and hugging his staff. His team reminds you of England in Euro 2012, who,
in their knockout game against Italy, managed only 15 passes in the second
period of extra-time. Fifteen passes in 15 minutes, there can’t have been
many more today. The crowd is grumbling, the players look dejected, the
chairman, back in his seat, looks inscrutable. The penalty shoot-out is upon
you.
You at least have a body of research behind the decisions you are about to
take. From what you can see, your opposite number looks as if he’s going
with the default method of preparing for a penalty shoot-out by repeatedly
asking ‘who fancies one?’.
After exiting the League Cup to a lower league side three seasons ago, you
commissioned some research into penalty shoot-outs, which you have since
enthusiastically applied to training, although this is only the second chance
you have had to test it. The key points you have hopefully drilled into your
staff and players is that penalty success drops about 10 percentage points in a
shoot-out, compared to a penalty during the game. Being the team to take the
first penalty is statistically an advantage, and success rates decline as the
shoot-out progresses (with the eighth penalty having been missed most often
at World Cups), although if a player is taking a penalty to win a shoot-out the
chances of scoring it rise significantly (to around 90 per cent), whereas with a
penalty to avoid elimination the success rate falls below 50 per cent.
As such you have instructed your captain, if he wins the toss, to choose to
go first, and you have named your best taker (your centre-forward who won
the penalty during the game) fourth in your submitted list. The rest is down to
other people.
Saturday 7.53 p.m.

You finish your post-match duties and responsibilities. You have, as is
customary, shared wine (red but light, possibly a Gamay) with the opposition
manager. Your team have progressed to the next round, his team have been
knocked out, but his (heroic) cup exit is already being praised more than your
(fortunate) progression. This is the way it goes. There are five unread text
messages from your assistant manager on your phone. There are four days
until you play again and you have to be back at 9 a.m. tomorrow to prepare
Monday’s schedule and speak with your medical team. The average tenure at
a Premier League club is around 60 games. You’ve done 184 at this club. It’s
been a good run. You can feel a level of fatigue that no amount of sleep will
cure. We go again. We have to.
Is it still called the Premiership? PATIENCE, CHILD
Champions: Chelsea
Relegated: Southampton, Norwich City, Crystal Palace
Most assists: Frank Lampard (18)
Biggest win: Arsenal 7–0 Everton
Overview
The one with the Special One. At the culmination of 2003–04, Arsenal’s
hegemony looked established. The first team to go unbeaten in an entire top-
flight league campaign since 1889 (you may have heard about this), Arsène
Wenger’s side started 2004–05 in the same positive fashion, equalling
Nottingham Forest’s 42-game unbeaten run with a 5–3 rollercoaster of a
game against Middlesbrough, a match in which the Gunners were 3–1 down
at one point but looked as concerned as a grown man faced with an ant. But
just as it looked as if they would make it to 50 games without a loss, Wayne
Rooney and Manchester United took huge delight in ending their run at 49,
with ensuing pizza-based mayhem (incidentally, Wenger’s thematic move
from pasta to pizza was, in a way, illustrative of Arsenal’s fading grip on the
Premiership crown).
One defeat doesn’t shape a season, but after that Manchester United loss
Arsenal showed early onset modern Arsenal by winning only one of their
next five games (albeit a 5–4 humdinger against Tottenham in which a
Premier League record nine players scored), and letting Chelsea ominously
replace them at the top of the table. José Mourinho’s side lacked the panache
of Wenger’s Arsenal but their league title in the Portuguese’s first season was
arguably the most impressive ever seen in the English top flight. Not only did
the Blues end the campaign with 95 points (the only 38-game season in
English history to see a team get ‘more’ was Bristol City in Division Two in
1905–06, with 96, although they actually got 66 points as it was two points
for a win, of which they recorded 30, please keep up), they also conceded
only 15 goals all season (see discussion below), and two of those 15 came
after they had wrapped up the title. In the end, Chelsea finished 12 points
clear of Arsenal, who lost four more Premier League games after their cloak
of invincibility had been torn to shreds at Old Trafford. Incredibly, it was the
last time Arsenal would finish in the top two until 2015–16.
While Chelsea dominated at the top, the battle at the bottom was an
unpredictable classic. West Brom became the first team since Sheffield
United in 1990–91 to be bottom at Christmas and not go down (and the first
team since Crystal Palace in 1969–70 to win only six games and not suffer
demotion) and, going into the final day of the season, no team had yet been
relegated. Norwich were in the relative luxury of 17th place, but proceeded to
lose 6–0 at Fulham, one of only 12 instances of a team conceding six or more
in the Premier League in May. They were joined in demotion by
Southampton and Crystal Palace to complete the most southerly drop zone
combination in the competition’s history.
When 15 is more than zero

Arsenal were given a special golden Premier League trophy for remaining
unbeaten in 2003–04 but Chelsea were unrewarded for conceding only 15
goals in the subsequent campaign. The Gunners were happy to adopt
Preston’s Invincibles tag from the 1880s but Chelsea matched their number
of goals conceded and, like Arsenal, played 16 more games. Chelsea’s only
defeat was to Kevin Keegan’s Manchester City in October and a team derided
for being functional and dour ended the season with only one goal fewer than
Arsenal had scored 12 months earlier. And, unlike the Gunners, who have
never added to that title, Chelsea defended their title successfully and then
went on to win the Premier League on three further occasions.
Agent Penalty
Just like Die Hard had two Agent Johnsons, the Premier League has had two
Andy Johnsons, and nothing says Andy Johnson more than the 2004–05
season when one of them (the small striker one) ripped up the rules on how
many penalties a player can possibly win, persuading referees to give him
eight, while taking a Premier League record 13 and scoring 11. Even
relegation cannot take the gloss from Johnson’s extraordinary total of 11
penalty goals in one season. Since he did it, Frank Lampard and Steven
Gerrard have come close (10 apiece in 2009–10 and 2013–14 respectively) to
Johnson’s bumper haul, but it looks set to remain a shining beacon in the
penalty community for some time to come. The final irony was that penalty-
laden Palace were relegated on the final day away at Charlton, who didn’t get
awarded a spot-kick all season.
King power
Among England’s glut of excellent central defenders in the late 1990s and
2000s, Ledley King was possibly the most talented. He was certainly the
most unlucky, with a chronic knee problem that severely limited how much
he was able to train and play. The 2004–05 season, then, was King’s finest
effort, especially off the back of some strong performances for England at
Euro 2004. The Tottenham man proceeded to play all 38 of his club’s
Premier League games the next season, the only time he ever achieved a 100
per cent appearance rate. Oh, and his goal after 10 seconds against Bradford
in December 2000 remains the fastest ever seen in the Premier League.
Verdict
Arsène Wenger was the undisputed king of English football in 2004, but a
year later the Mourinho era had begun. Along with Rafa Benítez (who led
Liverpool to an unlikely Champions League win in this campaign), Mourinho
fundamentally changed the approach of top teams in England, with low
scoring but tactically adept teams dominating both the Premier League and,
in particular, European football. Chelsea became only the fourth club to win
the Premier League and their financial strength, combined with their star
manager, suggested that they would dominate a division in which both
Arsenal and Manchester United looked to be fading forces. The 2005–06
season would only underline that feeling.
Is it still called the Premiership? CHANGE IS COMING (NOT YET)
Champions: Chelsea
Relegated: Sunderland, West Bromwich Albion, Birmingham City
Most assists: Didier Drogba (11)
Biggest win: Arsenal 7–0 Middlesbrough
Overview
A romp for the ages. Chelsea became only the fifth club to retain the title
since the war (after Portsmouth, Wolves, Liverpool and Manchester United;
the latter two, naturally, on more than one occasion) in a league campaign
that was not just dominant, but virtually over by early autumn. The Blues
won 20 of their first 22 games, the only time this has happened in English
top-flight history. After that 22nd game, José Mourinho’s team were 16
points clear at the top of the table, with the prospect of being caught as
distant as the Ken Bates era of financial struggle. So routine did Chelsea’s
title gallop seem that Mourinho didn’t even win manager of the month at any
point during the campaign, something that wouldn’t happen again to a
Premier League-winning manager until 2014–15.
Chelsea were rarely challenged by their domestic opponents, and this,
combined with their manager’s safety-first philosophy, saw them score 72
goals, exactly the number they had registered in Mourinho’s first season (his
third title with the club in 2015 would see them expand hugely to 73 goals).
The 2005–06 campaign represented the mid-point of the great defensive era
of the Premier League era, with all champions from Arsenal in 2003–04 to
Manchester United in 2008–09 conceding fewer than 30 goals. It hadn’t
happened in any of the 12 seasons prior to 2003–04 and has happened only
once since. Eagle-eyed readers might notice that these seasons of defensive
prowess coincided with the last period of English dominance in the
Champions League, almost, somehow, as if the two things were connected.
But while the Big Four, led by the militant 4–3–3 of Chelsea, exerted a
tighter grip on the league, the rest of the teams increasingly looked like they
were there only to make up the numbers. The 76-point gap between Chelsea
in first place and Sunderland in 20th was an all-time top-flight record,
equalled two years later by Manchester United, who went on to become
European champions in the same season, and a Derby County team who …
well, we’ll come to that.
Elsewhere, newly promoted Wigan were the early season sensation,
maintaining second place in the table until mid-November, when they had 25
points from 11 games, before an understandable second-half-of-the-season
slowdown meant they ended the season (after an appearance in the final
league game ever at Highbury) in 10th place. Sunderland were relegated in
mid-April (see below) and joining them were West Midlands pair West Brom
and Birmingham, the first time two clubs from the region had gone down
together since the same pair 20 years earlier. You could almost call it second
city syndrome, but for the five miles between West Bromwich and
Birmingham.
Black Catastrophe
Sunderland established new frontiers in 2005–06 by losing 29 of their 38
league games, the first time a top-flight team had been defeated so often in a
20-team division. Three years earlier the Black Cats had sunk out of the
Premiership with 19 points and 15 straight defeats but the 2005–06 outfit
were even worse, ending the campaign with just 15 points and just three
wins. It’s sometimes hard to work out which of Sunderland’s many terrible
seasons was which, as their ineptitude can blend into one catastrophic
rollercoaster of memory, but 2005–06 is a fair shout, especially given that no
player scored more than three (three!) goals for them all season (what meagre
credit there is should go to Dean Whitehead, Liam Lawrence, Anthony Le
Tallec and Tommy ‘Tommy Miller’ Miller).
The doyens of the d’ockyard

At the other end of the country from Sunderland, Portsmouth were enjoying
themselves by playing a series of players with apostrophes in their name. In
2005–06 Andy O’Brien, Gary O’Neil, Franck Songo’o and Andrés
D’Alessandro all featured at some point, with the following season bringing
the arrival of Rodolphe M’Bela Douala (often known just as Douala but stay
with me). The maximum number of apostrophe players in a single
Portsmouth game in this era was three, a number that has been matched by
only one other club, Sunderland themselves in 2015–16.
Everton 1–0 Opposition

Everton began the season in the Champions League qualifiers thanks to a
fourth-place finish in 2004–05 that was wildly overshadowed by neighbours
Liverpool’s Champions League win in Istanbul. The 2005–06 campaign was
not as memorable for David Moyes’s dogged side, who failed to make it even
to the group stage in Europe’s premier competition and could finish only 11th
in the Premiership. Just how functional the Toffees were in 2005–06 is best
illustrated by the fact that, of their 14 wins, 10 of them were 1–0 (European
champions Liverpool also recorded 10 1–0 wins in 2005–06). Only a year
earlier Chelsea had recorded a Premier League record 11 1–0 wins on their
way to the title. And people reckon the mid-2000s were boring.
Verdict
In football, drama is often valued higher than excellence, and long-term
memories of 2005–06 seem to bear this out, with Chelsea’s sleek,
professional, effortless march to a second title in two years virtually
consigned to the footnotes of the history books, such was the lack of
challenge from any other team. In summer 2006, with Mourinho seemingly
invincible in league football and his restrictive credo being hastily adopted by
other clubs throughout the division, the future looked like one in which the
number of goals would decline as fast as transfer fees and wages were going
up.
Is it still called the Premiership? THIS IS THE FINAL COUNTDOWN
Relegated: Watford, Charlton Athletic, Sheffield United
Top scorer: Didier Drogba (20)
Most assists: Wayne Rooney/Cesc Fàbregas (11)
Biggest win: Reading 6–0 West Ham United
Overview
They call him CR06–07. After a three-year title drought, Manchester United
reclaimed the crown, led by Cristiano Ronaldo and Wayne Rooney in
tandem, and after a summer when the media had predicted the pair would
never speak or function together again after what was known to
contemporaries as the ‘World Cup winking storm’. After just 19 minutes of
United’s opening game of the season, against Fulham, Sir Alex Ferguson’s
team were four goals up, with the fourth scored by Ronaldo and created by
Rooney in a neat encapsulation of how the season was about to go.
Ronaldo (17 goals and eight assists) and Rooney (14 goals and 11 assists)
were the bedrock of a newly energised United side, who shrugged off their
manager’s typically blunt removal of Ruud van Nistelrooy (95 goals in 150
Premier League games but only two in his final 10 appearances) in the
summer. While United had binned their top scorer, double title holders
Chelsea added Andriy Shevchenko to their success-gorged squad. The signs
were clear: José Mourinho’s Chelsea were going to win a third Premiership
in a row, United would continue to stagnate under a manager from an older
generation who was being outwitted by the chiselled thinker from Portugal.
Instead, the Red Devils scored 83 goals, their third highest total under
Ferguson at that point, while Shevchenko managed just four league goals in
his first season with Chelsea, leaving him level with Phil Jagielka and one
behind Matt Derbyshire for the campaign.
Few teams could match the attacking verve United showed in 2006–07
(four of their five defeats came against Arsenal and West Ham, the six points
conceded to the Hammers enough to keep the east Londoners, Carlos Tevez
et al, in the top flight). Nine successive wins from Mourinho’s Chelsea in the
new year (two more than any other club managed in 06–07) closed the gap to
three points with five games to go but then they drew their final five games,
including a dreary 0–0 with the newly crowned champions at the Bridge, with
both sides playing a weakened team (United included Dong Fangzhuo for his
only top-flight appearance: three shots, none on target). Liverpool and
Arsenal completed the top four as the Big Four era (2006–07 was to be the
first of three successive seasons when English sides made up three of the four
semi-finalists in the Champions League) moved into its holy period.
Newly promoted Reading took the biscuit by not only finishing eighth in
their first top-flight season but also recording the biggest win (6–0 v West
Ham) and the longest game (107min 44sec v Chelsea, courtesy of the serious
head injury to Petr Čech that led to Mourinho laying into the South Central
Ambulance Service).
At the bottom, even after all this time, Sheffield United’s relegation still
rankles in South Yorkshire, with their demotion confirmed after Tevez,
signed via an illegal third-party agreement, scored the goal at Old Trafford
that kept West Ham up. Two years later the dispute was settled out of court
for a reported £20 million but, even though the Hammers have been down
and back up since, and now occupy the plainly monikered London Stadium,
the Blades have never returned to the top table and 2016–17 was their sixth
consecutive season down in the third tier. The irony about Tevez’s hot streak
at the end of the season was that he took so long to actually get going. His
signing, along with that of Javier Mascherano (kept out of the team for
considerable periods by Hayden Mullins, a player yet to be converted into a
centrehalf by Barcelona), was a late summer sensation in 2006, but Tevez
failed to score in any of his first 16 Premier League appearances, a period in
which he had 36 shots (with only six of them on target). He finally netted for
the Hammers in early March against Spurs, the first in a run of seven goals in
10 games that swung the relegation battle in the London side’s favour.
How low can you go?

Harry Kewell’s penalty for Liverpool against Charlton after 89 minutes and
47 seconds was typical of 2006–07 in two senses. Firstly, it was one of only
four goals in the last 20 minutes of any of the 10 games played on the final
day, a period when, in usual times, most goals are scored. In fact, the total of
931 goals in 2006–07 remains the lowest total ever scored in the Premier
League and the smallest figure in the top flight since the 904 in 1904–05.
Secondly, Kewell’s goal was also the 112th penalty of the season, which
remains a Premier League record. Overall, 9.3 per cent of the goals in 2006–
07 came from the penalty spot; it may have been the season in which
Cristiano Ronaldo discovered his shooting boots but he was typically atypical
on that score.
Barbarism begins at home

While the overwhelming majority of Manchester City fans must revel in their
team having the likes of David Silva and Sergio Agüero in it, a few must hark
back to the altogether more Cityish olden days, when the club seemed to
lurch from crisis to disaster via the A-road of farce. The 2006–07 season
featured a ground-breakingly dire run of home form from the club, with their
2–1 home win against Everton on New Year’s Day somehow being the last
goals City would score at home in that campaign. After that, season-ticket
holders got to enjoy the following scorelines: 0–3, 0–2, 0–1, 0–1, 0–0, 0–0,
0–2, 0–1. Somehow, Stuart Pearce’s team ended the campaign in 14th despite
scoring only 29 goals (top scorer: Joey Barton with six). And for that, we
salute them.
Quadrantphilia
British crowds remain lusty supporters of the concept of the corner kick, if
not the invariably disappointing outcome from the classic 1872 restart rule.
Short corners are still seen as a tacit lack of ambition rather than a neat way
of retaining possession, fans unwilling to see the traditional arched delivery
for the hit-and-hope heavy artillery that it is. It’s apt therefore, that the record
number of corners taken in a Premier League game (2006–07 onwards) came
on November 11 2006 when Portsmouth won 20 of them in their home game
with Fulham. 20 corners and their only goal of the game came from open
play. Fulham, meanwhile, scored from a corner. Even a broken clock tells the
right time twice a day.
Verdict
After two clinical, metronomic wins from Chelsea, Manchester United’s
return from seemingly terminal decline was a refreshing change, with the new
champions playing with a fluid verve that belied their campaigns of struggle
in the mid-2000s. Overall the league seemed in fine fettle, with Liverpool,
never even contenders in the domestic league, still making their second
Champions League final in three seasons.
6.
Where Next for the World Cup?
‘I can see a time, not that far into the future, when all the biggest games will be between
clubs, not countries’
– Franz Beckenbaeur, 1998
‘What’s the first World Cup you can remember?’ is one of those questions
that is asked when people want to either reminisce about football or subtly
indicate their age relative to other people in the conversation. Or both. Your
first experience of the World Cup might have been grainy images from Brazil
in 1950, or crowding round the TV to watch the 1990 semi-final on ITV or
BBC (OK, BBC), or perhaps it was the release of Rio’s World Cup Wind-Ups
in 2006. Whichever it was, the first World Cup leaves an impression that
rarely departs. In an industry where broadcasting of live football has moved
from occasional to seven days a week, the fact that World Cups still occur
with the same four-year gap that was introduced in the 1930s means it can be
a rare delight that excites every time it comes around.
But could that rarity in fact be lessening the World Cup’s cultural
resonance? Once upon a time, the World Cup was the one period when
football became centre stage, two or three games per day for a couple of
weeks and then a week or so of heavyweight clashes largely featuring players
that you had only read about or stuck in an album. It seemed like a feast after
a relative famine, rather than what can, in the modern era, feel a bit like the
leftovers from a season of fine dining on club football that culminates in the
rich fare that is the Champions League final.
This is, understandably, very much a European viewpoint, possibly even
one limited to England, and it should not be forgotten that what, in codified
football’s original continent, might be seen as unnecessary tinkering with the
World Cup (the continued expansion in the number of teams, for example), is
regarded as wildly overdue on the rest of the planet. Even so, UEFA
continues to supply the highest number of teams and has provided the
winners in four of the past five tournaments, the most dominant spell yet seen
by a single confederation.
Euro 2016 showed, via the examples of Wales, Northern Ireland and
Iceland, the joy and unity that can arise from an unexpected and successful
tournament display, and yet none of them advanced the game particularly,
merely themselves. Where international football once broke new ground
(Hungary in the 1950s, the Netherlands in the 1970s), it has now become a
more functional version of the great club sides, who can amass players
without the limitations of national boundaries. Even the greatest international
side of the 21st century, the Spanish team who won three successive
international competitions between 2008 and 2012, were in essence a slightly
watered down version of Barcelona. Barcelona without Messi, essentially,
while the man himself was also weakened by being forced to play with
inferior team-mates for Argentina. No one ever looked at the Brazil 1970
team and wondered whether Pelé was being held back by Wilson Piazza or
whether he’d be tired out when the domestic season returned.
Whether you subscribe to the view that modern World Cups are less
fundamental than they once were or not, there are few ways to examine the
different eras in any depth. There is at least one, though, and that is deep
inside the Opta vaults, namely analysis of every game in every World Cup
from 1966 onwards (there is no Anglo-partisan reason for the starting point
of 1966, just that this was the first World Cup where every game was
televised, and the analysis is impossible without actually seeing what
happened. If anybody gets cross and states that ‘football didn’t start in 1966’,
the correct answer is ‘no, it ended’).
Six hundred and sixty-eight games, from England’s goalless draw with
Uruguay on 11 July 1966 through to the 30 minutes of extra-time in
Germany’s win against Argentina on 13 July 2014; 1,712 goals, 6,633 shots
on target and more than half a million passes (530,637 if you want precision,
and I can’t help but feel that you do). But raw numbers are all very well.
What do they actually tell us?
Rocket, take your turn

Apart from the research conducted by Charles Reep (see Chapter One), the
Opta analysis of the 1966 World Cup is one of the few sources of football
data from the 1960s. An era when woollen shirts and the ball itself competed
to weigh more than a battleship understandably had a lot less running than the
game does in the 2010s, with a corollary of that being less closing down of
the opposition. The Dutch pressing of the 1970s was a revolution precisely
because pressurising the other team wasn’t the done thing.
And what transpires when people don’t get closed down very much? Shots,
lots of shots. Perhaps, buried (like a Bobby Charlton rasper) deep in the
collective consciousness, this is what people are looking for from their World
Cups? Here are the raw numbers, anyway, showing that the four earliest
tournaments for which we have full data have the highest number of shots,
with 1970 just edging it ahead of 1966 (presumably because it’s harder to run
around in the Altiplanicie Mexicana than it is at Ayresome Park). The 1970
and 1966 tournaments are also the leaders when it comes to long-range shots,
the only ones to see, incredibly, more than 20 per game. In a 90-minute game
at Mexico 1970, you could expect to see a long-range effort every three and a
half minutes. Even allowing for the thin air, that seems an unproductive way
to play the game (quick task: think of a famous long-range shot from World
Cup 1970. OK, it went just wide, didn’t it? Unlike Xabi Alonso at
Kenilworth Road).
World Cup Shots/game Long shots/game

1970 42 26
1966 39 23
1974 34 19
1978 34 19
1982 33 18
1994 30 17
1998 30 15
1986 30 17
2006 29 15
2010 29 15
2002 28 14
1990 27 14
2014 27 13
For pure, unadulterated shot action we need to head to the 1966 World Cup
final, a seminal moment in England, a minor annoyance in (West) Germany.
The Germans have subsequently reached 12 more finals; England zero.
Almost as if the players knew this was the only real shot at glory the nation
would ever have, the boys of ’66 peppered the goal throughout the final at the
Empire Stadium, hitting 40 of them in the 79 minutes and 28 seconds of the
game that the ball was in play. The West Germans responded with 37 of their
own, bringing up a frightening total of 77, almost one for every minute of
play. It remains 25 more than in any other subsequent World Cup final, with
the 2014 edition, also featuring extra-time and the Germans, seeing a mere
20, 57 fewer than in 1966. ‘Bobby belting the ball’ was not just a line in
‘Three Lions’, it was a way of life. (NB, Bobby Charlton hit 24 long-range
shots in 1966, second to Eusébio’s total of 38, which was five more than
Brazil managed in total.)
So, we’ve established that lovers of (possibly indiscriminate) shooting
should be harking back to the 1960s and 1970s and, before we move on,
contemplate the fact that the winners always set the narrative. Alf Ramsey’s
dismissal of Argentina as ‘animals’ after England edged past the South
Americans in the quarter-final set the tone for more than 50 years of rivalry
between the two teams, with the 1966 game remembered as much of an
outrage in Argentina as the 1986 one is in England.
Were Argentina, snarling Argentina (described at the time by the Sunday
Telegraph’s David Miller as ‘a side with cultured feet and kindergarten
minds’) right to feel aggrieved about their treatment in a game that ended
with the opposing manager refusing to allow his players to exchange shirts?
The foul count at the end of the game suggests they may have a case, with
England having committed 35 fouls to Argentina’s 19. The English, however,
did not receive a single caution (not yellow cards, these didn’t exist yet,
although this game was a clear indication that they might be a useful device).
In fact, England’s total of 35 fouls against Argentina (Alan Ball being the
chief offender with eight) is the highest figure recorded by a team in a World
Cup game (1966–2014) without ever triggering any further punishment from
the referee. There were animals on the pitch, sure, but perhaps not where you
thought they were.
Your Cruyffs, your Pelés

Football’s great figure at the start of the 1970s was Pelé, but the man who
dominated the decade was Johan Cruyff, the originator of the double Dutch
World Cup tilts in 1974 and 1978. Cruyff didn’t play in the latter tournament
but he did as much in 1974 as many other players do in their entire career.
In seven exalted games in West Germany in 1974, Cruyff created 36
goalscoring chances, the third highest total of any player in World Cups in
the 1970s, despite playing in only one of the tournaments. Similarly, Pelé,
who featured only in 1970, is sixth in the list from only six games, a period in
which he assisted six times and scored four (and, confusingly, ended the 1970
World Cup as the player who had committed the most fouls, with 23). This
was the era of the totemic hero, when players rose to the occasion at World
Cups, rather than tried to get through it after an arduous club campaign.
★Among the established legends in this table, it’s interesting to see Kazimierz Deyna at
the top, a player very much in the mould of the 1970s playmaker. Looking like a
combination of Eddy Merckx and John Noakes, Deyna remains a cult figure at Manchester
City, where he played in the late 1970s, and is one of two players in this extremely short
list to have featured in Escape To Victory, along with Pelé. The 1970 World Cup remains,
on the (very) rudimentary basis of shots per game, the most attacking tournament from
1966 onwards, with an average of 42 per game, almost one every two minutes.
This era of plundering mavericks was not limited to the World Cup. After
their creditable defence of the trophy in the gasping confines of Mexico in
1970, England then failed to qualify for either of the subsequent tournaments
in the decade but, even away from the world’s glare, the domestic game
produced its own wayward heroes, such as Frank Worthington, Stan Bowles,
Tony Currie and Charlie George, exponents of raw flair who collected a mere
31 England caps between them, four fewer than Stewart Downing won on his
own.
It is ironic that Cruyff towers over the decade, given that he was part of
one of football’s greatest collectives. The Dutch system of totaalvoetbal (you
do the translation) was never better illustrated than at the start of the 1974
final, when the Netherlands strung together 16 passes from the kick-off,
before winning a penalty that another Johan, Neeskens, blasted into the net,
giving the Dutch the lead before the West Germans had even touched the
ball. Yet while posterity has been kind to the men in orange, it’s not like the
rest of the teams were engaged in proto-neanderthal football; West Germany
themselves had the two longest passing moves preceding a goal in the 1974
World Cup and, while Holland did indeed have more possession than any
other side (58 per cent), three teams completed a higher proportion of their
passes.
Four years later, without Cruyff, the Dutch once again reached the final
and once again lost to the host nation. Only once since, in 2010, have they
got to the last hurdle, and this time it was Spain who ended their hopes,
although it should be noted that they did at least placate the gods of tradition
in South Africa by becoming the first team since 1954 to wear numbers 1 to
11 in a World Cup final. An atypically orthodox move from a nation who
have punched above their weight, largely through tactical innovation and a
systematic refusal to follow the herd.
The political situation in Argentina, i.e., the military junta, during the 1978
World Cup seemed to engender an environment in which controversy thrived,
with drug offences (Scotland’s Willie Johnston), overeager referees (Wales’s
Clive Thomas) and Argentina’s suspicious-but-not-proven-dubious 6–0 win
against Peru in the second group stage that sent the hosts to the final. Peru
goalkeeper Ramón Quiroga let in plenty that day but overall in 1978 he made
50 saves, which is 14 more than any other goalkeeper in any other World Cup
since 1966. Not only ferociously busy between the goalposts, Quiroga also
found the time to be booked for a foul in the opposition half, setting a
template taken up with rash aplomb by fellow South Americans such as
Colombia’s René Higuita in the 1980s and 1990s.
For fans growing into the game in the 1970s they had three stellar
tournaments to absorb: Mexico 1970 with the shock of colour (television) and
the images of Brazil’s greatest generation; technocratic Netherlands putting
on a techno show in the technocratic superhub of West Germany; and then
the sinister, ticker-tape junta carnival of Argentina ’78. In a world reeling
from financial uncertainty and violence, these four-yearly jamborees were a
mystical and memorable experience.
Diego
The decade may have advanced by one but the themes of the 1970s World
Cups just carried on. You liked iconic but flawed teams like Cruyff’s
Netherlands? Well, sir, I think you’ll enjoy this Brazil ’82 we keep only for
our most valued customers. Ah, you prefer the iconic players like Edson
Arantes do Nascimento? Well, here’s a promising Argentinian called Diego
Maradona, he should have ripened to perfection by 1986, but please make
sure you note the use-by date of December 1989.
At Spain ’82 (possibly the most verbally pleasing World Cup to say out
loud, with the exception of Italia ’90) FIFA continued to taunt fans with not
one but two group stages, yet there was no shortage of classic encounters.
And although it was a Europe-based tournament with a European winner,
both Brazil and Argentina were key protagonists in that hot Iberian summer.
Argentina were able to field Maradona in a World Cup for the first time
and the junior maestro showed all aspects of his game. In the match against
Hungary he scored his first World Cup goals (a game in which referee Belaïd
Lacarne allowed the Hungarians to kick-off both the first and second halves
for some reason), while in the second-round match with Italy, Maradona
experienced the sort of roughhouse shackling he became accustomed to
throughout his career. Claudio Gentile barely let his opponent have an inch
during the game, fouling him six times (the only player he fouled during the
game; he also successfully targeted Zico in the game against Brazil, fouling
him five times). Then, in a winner-takes-all match with Brazil, and his side
trailing 3–0, Maradona was sent off for a roundhouse groin lunge on João
Batista, revenge for a high Brazilian foot moments earlier. Brilliance,
bullying and badness. The three elements of Diego all on show.
Elsewhere it was a tournament made for highlight reels (not that Maradona
being sent off wouldn’t make it on to a highlights reel), with Brazil in
particular offering a languid, romantic version of the game that still enchants
almost 40 years later. This was the tournament with the best long-range
shooting of any World Cup since 1966, with almost a quarter (22 per cent) of
the goals coming from outside the box. Unsurprisingly, it was the Brazilians
who bent and powered the adidas Tango into the net the best, scoring five of
the 32 long-range goals. In the grey, air-conditioned world of the modern
game, we know that shooting from long range is a fool’s game but an
alternative argument is Spain ’82. In 1982 the fans expected goals and they
expected them from distance.
World Cup Goals outside box % outside box

1982 32 22%
1994 30 21%
1970 19 20%
1978 19 19%
2010 27 19%
2006 26 18%
1974 16 16%
2002 24 15%
1990 15 13%
1966 11 12%
1998 20 12%
2014 19 11%
1986 14 11%
Another key element of what we all deem the perfect World Cup is a
healthy dose of scheming skulduggery, and the 1980s were perhaps the
ultimate period for this. The 21st-century German team have been rebuilt as a
happy-go-lucky, smiling pool of eager nu-talent, but in 1982 the West
Germans not only owned the concept of schadenfreude, but were happy to
delight in it in real time. The first case was their group game with Austria.
Both sides knew that a German win by one or two goals would see both sides
progress ahead of Algeria. An early German goal led, predictably, to a
farcical episode of to-me, to-you, with a distinct lack of chuckling from any
neutrals (or Algerians) observing. How tame were the efforts of the two
teams to convince the world that this was an actual contest? Well, the fact
that the final shot of the game came in the 62nd minute tells its own story.
Nichtangriffspakt von Gijón, you shall not be forgotten.
Of course, the West Germans then doubled down on the cynicism front
when Harald Schumacher launched himself like a meat-seeking missile at
France’s Patrick Battiston in the semi-final. They were finally stopped in the
final against Italy, Paolo Rossi’s Italy. Rossi had scored a hat-trick in the
final group match against Brazil, added two more in the semi-final against
Poland and ended the tournament with six goals from seven shots on target.
The romantic conclusion to Spain ’82 would have been France against Brazil,
but football rarely works like this. Still, you’d be hard pressed to find a more
vintage tournament than this.
Four years later the jamboree was back in the Americas (Mexico) and
Maradona was, this time, primed. It’s become an established truth that
Maradona carried his team to the World Cup in 1986, but he did, he really
did. Of the 14 goals Argentina scored in Mexico, Maradona scored or
assisted 10 of them (five apiece). He, and this is where it starts to look crazy,
went on 90 dribbles (almost 13 per game); the next highest number by a
player at that tournament was West Germany’s Hans-Peter Briegel on 29.
Maradona, to put it another way, dribbled as much in 1986 as Michael
Laudrup, Enzo Francescoli, Jesper Olsen and Chris Waddle combined. Be it
Maradona in 1986, or Paul Gascoigne four years later, what we want, what
we need, from a World Cup is players dribbling, surging, gliding past the
opposition.
It wasn’t like Maradona’s opponents didn’t know what he was up to. He
was targeted ruthlessly by almost everyone he played (he later claimed
England had treated him fairly in the quarter-final, possibly as they were
unable to get near him, although seven of their 16 fouls that day were indeed
on Maradona), winning 53 fouls across the tournament, 26 more than any
other player and two more than England won in total. By the time he left
USA ’94 in a drug-assisted outrage, Maradona had been fouled 152 times in
21 World Cup games. There’s treatment and then there’s treatment.
Maradona got treatment.
Like Pelé, or Cruyff, Maradona represented not only himself or his nation
but an entire way of playing the game. Sure, England fans waiting to watch
the quarter-final in 1986 knew who Maradona was, and knew what he could
do but he retained a mystical air, even though he had played in Europe for
nearly half a decade. Perhaps if UK television viewers had seen Maradona go
through the motions against Avellino in a league game then he would have
seemed more normal, but you suspect not.
Love in the nineties

The 1990s gave us three World Cups and all three can stake their claim as
super-iconic, for differing reasons. Italia ’90 is the curate’s egg tournament;
loved and cherished in England and Ireland but largely dismissed in the rest
of the world, in territories where Gazza’s tears meant little and a severe lack
of goals was a much more (de)pressing matter.
Let’s get the lack of goals out of the way, because it cannot be ignored;
there was a severe lack of goals at Italia ’90. Ironically, it was the group
containing England and Ireland that set the tone for this, with only seven
goals in six games, England’s 1–0 win against Egypt in their final group
game being the only win in the entire section. The first three quarter-finals
produced just two goals, before England and Cameroon served up five, while
the two semis and the final added only five more. The negativity at least had
a positive outcome, with the bleakness of 1990 serving as the inspiration for
the back-pass rule that was introduced to the general footballing world in
1992.
World Cup Goals/game

1990 2.21
2010 2.27
2006 2.30
2002 2.52
1986 2.54
1974 2.55
2014 2.67
1998 2.67
1978 2.68
1994 2.71
1962 2.78
1966 2.78
1982 2.81
1970 2.97
1958 3.60
1930 3.89
1950 4.00
1934 4.12
1938 4.67
1954 5.38
For England fans, though, 1990 remains a beacon tournament, a spirited

display (the country’s best away from the safe confines of their heritage HQ,
Wembley) from a team who had faced derision after a dismal Euro ’88 but
who slowly come good in the hot Italian summer. Gary Lineker continued his
tournament goalscoring streak that had begun at Mexico ’86 but really it was
all about Paul Gascoigne, the guiding force in what was, sadly and still
unbelievably, his only appearance at a World Cup. He made 56 dribbles in
Italy, 20 more than the next man (also a Geordie, Chris Waddle) and only
Diego Maradona, who else, was fouled more often than Gazza.
But no image has encapsulated England in tournament football more than
Lineker’s concerned frown at the bench after Gascoigne’s semi-final
booking. Even though the midfielder passed to the forward only twice in 120
minutes, the two are linked indelibly. England came close, but instead West
Germany made their third final in a row, and this time ended as victors.
Perhaps England should have followed the blueprint laid down in ‘World in
Motion’ a bit more closely. In May, John Barnes was adamant that ‘there’s
only one way to beat them/get round the back’ but, come the tournament, the
Liverpool man delivered only one successful cross in five games. What
you’re looking at … wasn’t the master plan.
England’s absence four years later made barely a ripple at FIFA. The
dream of a tournament held in the USA was realised and, while the football
was becoming increasingly functional (38 per cent of goals were from set-
pieces, a record high), the goals, however they were being scored, were at
least flowing again after the blockage in the drains that was 1990. Yet for the
first time since … (when?) no player dominated the tournament like a
Maradona or a Matthaus. Even the cherished Golden Boot was part-won by a
player, Oleg Salenko, who featured only in the group stage. Salenko’s six
goals (five of which came against a Cameroon team who were unable to
repeat their heroics from 1990) were the only goals he ever scored for Russia
and he never featured for them again after the conclusion of the 1994 World
Cup. Ultimately, the moment of the tournament was a missed penalty. For
some it’s Diana Ross, for others it’s Roberto Baggio. Either is a valid choice.
Four years later in France, the World Cup had been beefed up to 32 teams
and the host country were finally ready to claim their first title, led by the
skill of Zinedine Zidane and the positional play of Stéphane Guivarc’h. The
increased scope of the tournament seemed to bring back a level of excitement
that had been missing for a couple of editions, and the total of 13 last-minute
goals in 1998 was a record until 2014 saw one more. Adding to the general
frivolity, there was also a record six own goals, as the margins between
defensive heroism and nation-shaming howler got ever closer. France ’98
also remains the last time that England produced performances that united a
nation watching at home. The turgid percentage-ball of the ‘golden
generation’ in some of 2002, most of 2006 and all of 2010 is almost certainly
a key reason why World Cups in England are increasingly seen as a chore
more than a challenge but the second-round game with Argentina in 1998
remains a bona fide World Cup classic.
2001 AD: a lack of space odyssey

Like Martin Luther nailing his 95 theses to a church door, or Sian Massey’s
appointment as assistant referee at Molineux, the impact of some events
becomes apparent only in retrospect. Similarly, the first game of the 2002
World Cup was, in some respects, the end of the heroic era of World Cups
and the start of the modern, pragmatic one. The event in question? Reigning
champions France losing to tournament debutants Senegal in the opening
game of Japan/South Korea.
The game was obviously a gargantuan embarrassment for the French but it
wasn’t as if there hadn’t been World Cup shocks before (a virtually identical
scenario played out in 1990 when Argentina lost to Cameroon in the long
shadows of a San Siro afternoon) but whereas Maradona rallied his reeling,
splintered group to somehow reach the final, France in 2002 stunk out the
entire tournament by following up the Senegal defeat with a 0–0 draw with
Uruguay and then a 2–0 defeat to Denmark.
Thus the holders departed not only at the earliest possible moment but also
without scoring a single goal. This was a squad containing Zidane, Henry,
Trezeguet and Desailly, and marked the start of an era of national teams full
of superstar club players failing to perform as a collective, with England
possibly the finest, but certainly not the only, example. Consider that in the
period from 1966 onwards, only three reigning world champions have failed
to progress past the first group stage, France in 2002, Italy eight years later
and Spain in 2014. Italy’s display was arguably worse than the French one,
given that they contrived to finish behind Rory Fallon’s New Zealand.
England, meanwhile, have won one of their seven World Cup finals matches
since the departure of Sven-Göran Eriksson.
Other themes that have descended on the World Cup in the digital age are
a functional safety-first approach, as international sides struggle to replicate
the high-fidelity choreography of modern club sides, and a steady erosion of
the mystical heart of World Cups, a direct result of the globalisation of the
sport.
On the former, consider that in 2006 Italy conceded just twice all
tournament (once in the group stage, and Zidane’s penalty in the final), while
Spain in 2010 scored just four times in the group stage and then won all four
of their knockout games by one goal to nil. Unquestionably the best side in
the tournament, the Spanish nonetheless won the World Cup despite losing
their first group game (the first time this had happened) and scoring only
eight times (the lowest total by a World Cup-winning side). Germany, the
2014 winners, scored seven times alone in the semi-final, humiliating the host
nation Brazil with their first home defeat for 12 years, with the biggest
margin of victory ever seen at this stage of a tournament.
And Brazil’s eventual evisceration at the hands of the Germans was
symptomatic of the other element of modern World Cups, the sheer lack of
mystery. As the table below shows, as the Premier League’s influence and
wealth increased, so did the number of Brazilians playing in it. Between 1994
and 2002 the English top flight didn’t supply a single squad member for the
most iconic of international teams, but by 2014 this had jumped to six.
Whether Brazil’s nervous, unconvincing run to the semi-finals on home turf
was in any way connected with their influx of people who now knew what it
was like to play away at Stoke on a cold Tuesday night is unknown, but the
otherworldliness of Brazil 1970 or Argentina 1978 or Cameroon 1990 is
probably gone for ever. No one ever drafted François Omam-Biyik into their
FUT. The modern game is more accessible than ever, but it’s not a zero sum
improvement.
Premier League players in Brazil World Cup squads

1994 0
1998 0
2002 0
2006 1
2010 1
2014 6
The end of history

If we go back to the Franz Beckenbauer quote that started this chapter, it’s
fair to say that at some point in the 19 years since he said it, we did indeed
reach that point. The Champions League final, particularly since it was
cannily moved to a Saturday night slot in 2010, now has the gravitas that
once only the World Cup final did, and with the added bonus (not least for
sponsors) that it happens every year. International football, meanwhile,
continues to promise much more than it delivers, with tournaments struggling
for goals (Euro 2016 had a mere 2.12 per game, and Cameroon won the 2017
Africa Cup of Nations despite scoring only seven times, in an edition that
averaged only 2.06 per match). Club football is not suffering in the same
way, with certain teams and players smashing goalscoring records on a
record basis.
For reasons it’s fairly easy to understand, certain key elements that went
into forming a ‘classic’ World Cup have steadily declined over the past 30
years and a modern World Cup is a very different prospect to one in the
1960s, 1970s or 1980s. In the same way that cycling races such as the Tour
de France and Giro d’Italia were born partly as a way of educating and
uniting people around the concept of their particular nation state,
international football seems to thrive when it is allied to some sort of
nationalism (see Italy in the 1930s, postwar Germany’s reputational recovery
or Argentina in 1978), so perhaps the political upheaval of the late 2010s will
usher in a new era of World Cup competitiveness. Could Brexit be the final
element England need to win a second world title? Logic would suggest not
and that, instead, clubs will become more demanding in the 21st century, and
that most tedious of decisions, the international retirement, will become
increasingly common.
Is it still called the Premiership? SIT DOWN PLEASE. IT IS NO

LONGER CALLED THE PREMIERSHIP
Relegated: Derby County, Birmingham City, Reading
Top scorer: Cristiano Ronaldo (31)
Most assists: Cesc Fàbregas (17)
Biggest win: Middlesbrough 8–1 Manchester City
Overview
More Big Four but good Big Four. After a sullen spell spent reeling at
Chelsea’s cocky entry into the hallowed title-contender space, Arsenal finally
put up a proper challenge, for the first two-thirds of the season at least. After
their 2–0 home win against Blackburn in early February the Gunners were
five points clear of the chasing pack with 12 games to go and had lost just
once all season. Leading the charge for Arsène Wenger were Cesc Fàbregas,
who ended the season with a competition-leading 17 assists, and Emmanuel
Adebayor, who scored 24 goals (the only time he scored 20 or more in a
Premier League season), with 14 of them coming away from home; only five
players in Premier League history, most recently Alexis Sánchez and Sergio
Agüero in 16-17, have scored more on the road than Adebayor did in 07–08.
Their position at the top had been helped by a slow start from the
champions Manchester United, who became the first title holders to fail to
win either of their opening two games since Arsenal in August 1991. In the
second of the two draws United began their season with, away at Portsmouth,
Cristiano Ronaldo was sent off for head-based antics with Richard Hughes
(‘It wasn’t a Glasgow kiss,’ said Hughes. ‘I have received harder head-butts
than that’), causing him to miss three games. When he returned with two
more goalless appearances, questions were asked about whether he, and
United, were spent after their efforts the previous campaign. He answered
with 31 goals and six assists in the remaining 30 games he featured in,
unleashing 77 shots on target overall, only 39 fewer than Derby managed all
season. Ronaldo goals in six successive games in March and April allowed
United to usurp their old rivals from north London.
Even so, as spring neared, the title was Arsenal’s to lose and, given this
was only four years since they had gone the entire season unbeaten, it did not
seem as outlandish as it might in 2017. Their Waterloo came on a brisk
afternoon at St Andrew’s in late February, a game in which they not only
conceded a last-minute penalty to draw 2–2 (along with William Gallas’s
associated overreaction) but lost striker Eduardo to that tackle from Martin
Taylor early in the match. There was no happy outcome for either player
involved; Taylor played only one more game in the Premier League, and
Eduardo, who had played 90 minutes in four of Arsenal’s previous five
games, never completed a league match for them again after his long
recovery from the sickening injury. Whether connected with the scenes that
day or not, Arsenal won only one of their next seven games (including a
season-ending 2–1 defeat at Old Trafford, a match the Gunners led and
dominated) to not only finish below Manchester United and Avram Grant’s
Chelsea, but also find themselves having to watch those two sides contest the
Champions League final in Moscow.
Stretch out and wait

Derby. Derby County. Derby County 2007–08. Just the mere sound of those
words brings to mind the enormity of their inadequacy: one win, 89 goals
conceded, 11 points all season, 25 points adrift of safety. All teams promoted
to the Premier League must fear that they’ll be as unready as Derby but only
Derby were as unready as Derby. In their only win, a 1–0 victory against
Newcastle in September that lifted the Rams up to the extraordinary heights
of 19th, the Setanta cameras missed Kenny Miller’s goal as they were
showing a replay of a Newcastle chance. It was that sort of season. They
ended the campaign having conceded 8.9 per cent of the goals in the Premier
League, a record for a single season, while 11 points was the lowest that any
team had recorded in the top flight since Darwen in 1891–92 (who played
only 26 games, with two points for a win, and, to be fair, in a season in which
goal nets were making their debut. In contrast, Derby’s TV revenue of £29
million in 2007–08 would have funded the cost of all shipping and other
transportation during the Boer War). Even the decision in the autumn to
replace manager Billy Davies with Paul Jewell backfired, with Jewell earning
the club just five points in 24 games, and ensuring that Derby ended the
season having won none of their last 32 games. They remain the only Premier
League side to have had their relegation confirmed before the end of March.
Portsmouth at sixes and sevens

For supporters, a regular reliable penalty taker is a thing of wonder. To see
your main man step up in a high-pressure scenario and tuck home a spot-kick
brings with it a deep sense of relief. But some clubs do not have such a
figure. Portsmouth, in 2007–08, remain the club with the most varied
approach to penalty kicks, with six players taking them, a record for a single
season in the Premier League (here’s the list for your Rotary Club Christmas
sports quiz: Defoe, Kranjčar, Muntari, Benjani, Taylor and Kanu). Pompey
also featured in possibly the most memorable game of the season, when they
defeated Reading 7–4 at Fratton Park in September. The 11 goals made it the
highest-scoring Premier League game of all-time and the most goal-laden
top-flight game since Luton beat Oxford by the same scoreline in 1988.
Bravo.
Santa’s not real

Roque Santa Cruz ended the 2007–08 season with 19 goals, behind only
Ronaldo, Adebayor and Fernando Torres in the charts. It was a healthy total
for the Paraguayan, and one that earned him a move to Manchester City a
year later for a chunky £17.5 million. But this season was an aberration, a
goalscoring whirlwind that the player couldn’t and didn’t repeat. See if you
can spot Santa Cruz’s first season at Blackburn in this chronological list of
seasonal goal tallies during his time in Europe: 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 0, 4, 2, 19, 4, 3,
0, 7, 8, 6, 3, 2. In 2007–08 Santa Cruz also became the fourth and most recent
player to score a hat-trick in a defeat, when he netted a treble in Rovers’ 5–3
defeat to Wigan (the others are Dion Dublin, Dwight Yorke and Matthew Le
Tissier, twice).
Verdict
A blockbuster of a season with a proper title race, a series of quirky and/or
entertaining side stories and a team so bad they have gone down in the
collective memory of the entire human race. This was all capped off by the
first and so for only all-English European Cup final. We’d never had it so
good.
Is it still called the Premiership? IT IS NOT, NO
Relegated: West Bromwich Albion, Middlesbrough, Newcastle United
Top scorer: Nicolas Anelka (19)
Most assists: Robin van Persie/Frank Lampard (10)
Biggest win: Manchester City 6–0 Portsmouth
Overview
Three in a row No. 2. For the second time in eight years (and the second time
in their history), Manchester United won three straight titles, although this
one was grasped with the looming knowledge that they were about to lose the
division’s best player, Cristiano Ronaldo, to the increasingly swaggering
environs of La Liga. Compared to his efforts in 2007–08, the Portuguese was
subdued, with 16 of his 18 goals coming at Old Trafford. The only other
venue where he registered goals in his final league season in England was the
Hawthorns (he would score 13 goals at nine different away grounds in his
first season in La Liga).
Instead of brilliance from Ronaldo and Rooney, United relied on a
formidable defence that did not concede a single goal between mid-
November and mid-February (Edwin van der Sar recording a Premier League
record 14 clean sheets in a row). Early leaders Liverpool continued to snap at
United’s heels as winter dripped into spring, and a 4–1 win for Rafa
Benítez’s team at Old Trafford in March, the first time they had scored more
than three in a top-flight game there since 1936, followed by a first defeat for
United in 45 years at Fulham a week later, opened the door for the
Merseysiders. However, a week later, the unheralded Federico Macheda rose
from the bench to score a 90th-minute winner against Aston Villa in a game
in which United had trailed 2–1 with 11 minutes remaining.
It was typical of a season in which Sir Alex Ferguson had to rely on his
entire squad; in fact United’s use of 33 players in 2008–09 is a record for a
title-winning team in the Premier League (the average for champions is 25),
with 13 players, including Macheda, playing four times or fewer. Ronaldo
had the second highest number of appearances, but his 33rd and final match
of the season was the last he would play for United in the league, ending his
career there with 84 goals and 34 assists in 196 games. Good figures, for
sure, but modest given what was about to unfold in the Spanish capital.
Elsewhere, Hull City escaped relegation in their first top-flight season
despite collecting only 35 points. And of those 35, 20 came in the first nine
games, a heady, whirling period in which they won away at Arsenal and
Tottenham. In the words of Hull manager Phil Brown: ‘this is the best trip
I’ve ever been on’ (disclaimer: in early autumn). From third in October to
17th in May, it doesn’t matter how you stay up, you just need to. Fulham,
meanwhile, scored as many goals as Hull (39) but finished 18 points and 10
places higher. So, on reflection, it seems that not conceding goals does
matter.
Everything changes, but you

Talking of Fulham, they were the epitome of a settled team in 2008–09.
Under the tutelage of Roy Hodgson, who seemingly found peace by the
Thames, the Whites made only 24 changes to their starting XI all season (the
most is by Manchester United with 144 in 2013–14, their first season after
the retirement of Sir Alex Ferguson). Three Fulham players – Danny
Murphy, Mark Schwarzer and Aaron Hughes – played in all 38 games, while
11 players featured in at least 30. That Hughes didn’t miss any games
through suspension is no real surprise, given the defender conceded only 54
fouls in 196 Premier League appearances for the south-west London side.
Throwing in: the towel

A new trend arrived in the Premier League in 2008–09: the long throw. They
had existed beforehand, of course, but after Stoke’s promotion they were
elevated into a new, yet somehow medieval, weapon that struck fear into the
hearts of all visitors to Castle Britannia. In 2007–08 no team had unleashed
more than 92 long throws, but a year later Stoke hurled 337 of them into
cowering defences. Chief aimer of the Potters was, of course, Rory Delap,
who seemed to spend much of his Stoke career trundling from one side of the
pitch to the other, before drying his hands on an official club towel. He took
267 long throws in 2008–09, 189 more than any other player and 21 per cent
of the entire amount in the Premier League, while his team scored nine goals
from long throws, 32 per cent of the league’s total. Delap would go on to hurl
665 more into play during the next two campaigns but nothing would match
the sheer mechanical impact of the tactic in 2008–09.
The 100 club

It was 1 November 2008, the only date in Premier League history when two
players reached 100 goals in the competition on the same day. Those men, for
the record, were Frank Lampard and Emile Heskey, whose goals invariably
came in different ways, but who are linked by the fact that both remain
somewhat underrated given their career achievements. Forty-three days later
a third player, Nicolas Anelka, reached 100 Premier League goals and it
remains one of only three seasons when three players reached the landmark
figure, along with Sheringham, Yorke and Le Tissier in 2000–01 and a
Manchester United triple pack of Giggs, Scholes and Rooney in 2009–10.
Currently we’re in a relative drought, with only Sergio Agüero (April 2016)
and Peter Crouch (February 2017) moving into treble figures in the past three
seasons.
Verdict
While Manchester United would go on to win two more Premier League
titles under Sir Alex Ferguson before he retired, 2008–09 feels like the last
time that he had a dynastic squad at his disposal. With both Ronaldo and
Carlos Tevez departing in summer 2009, much of the swashbuckle that had
characterised the team in their late 2000s three-in-a-row evaporated. While
this season had not seen as much attacking intent as the previous two, there
was still a sense that United, as they headed to their second Champions
League final in succession, were the best that the Premier League had to
offer. But, as always, a new era was about to commence.
Is it still called the Premiership? STOP USING PREMIERSHIP IN YOUR

EVERYDAY SPEECH
Champions: Chelsea
Relegated: Portsmouth, Hull City, Burnley
Top scorer: Didier Drogba (29)
Most assists: Frank Lampard (14)
Biggest win: Tottenham 9–1 Wigan/Chelsea 8–0 Wigan
Overview
King’s Road Fantasia. Jonathan Wilson, writing about Claudio Ranieri’s time
at Leicester after the Italian was sacked in 2017, pointed out numerous times
in football when a team that had been constructed by a disciplinarian then
flourished, briefly, under a more liberal manager (Pearson to Ranieri, in
Leicester’s case). A similar claim could be made about Chelsea in 2009–10.
With largely the team constructed by José Mourinho but now managed by the
genial Carlo Ancelotti, they became the first top-flight team since Tottenham
in 1963 to score 100 goals in a single season. That imperious spine of Čech,
Terry, Lampard and Drogba combined in a way that, in the closing weeks of
the season at least, blew their rivals away.
So often, once sufficient time passes, people’s only recollection of how
league seasons went is based solely on the snippets they can easily recall
from the anterooms of their memory. Chelsea … 103 goals … must have
romped home. Instead, despite the deluge of goals, the London side sealed the
title only on the final day, finishing one point above Manchester United, who
came closer to what would have been a record fourth title in a row than
Liverpool had in 1985 (Joe Fagan’s team ending a massive 13 points adrift of
Everton). A 1–1 draw at Blackburn in late March had left Chelsea third and
seemingly out of the title race, but then came one of the most extraordinary
runs of goalscoring in English league history, with 33 in their final eight
games, an average of 4.1 per game (the run included a 5–0 win at
Portsmouth, a 7–1 home win against Aston Villa and then 7–0 and 8–0 wins
in their final two games at Stamford Bridge, against Stoke and Wigan
respectively).
Chelsea became the first team to score seven or more goals in four top-
flight games in a single season since Arsenal in 1934–35, with only
Blackburn in 1889–90 doing it more often (five times). Didier Drogba, who
had scored just five goals in the Premier League the season before, led the
competition with 29, 28 of which didn’t come from the penalty spot. Frank
Lampard, meanwhile, led the league in assists and also became the first
central midfielder in Premier League history to score 20 or more goals in a
single campaign, something only Yaya Touré has since matched. Perhaps the
most telling piece of information is that, at an average of 29 years and 75
days, the 2009–10 Chelsea are the oldest Premier League champions yet
seen. This was a final flowering from one of the great squads in English
footballing history, and what a display it was.
Elsewhere, Burnley, playing in their first top-flight season since 1975–76,
looked set fair after taking 15 points from their first 11 games, but collected
just 15 more in the remaining 27 matches to take the final relegation spot,
ahead of Hull and Portsmouth, the south coast side beginning their
subterranean odyssey to the fourth tier. Forget reaching 40 points for safety,
in 2009–10 31 was enough to survive. Finally, fans of illegal ball
interventions should toast Jermain Defoe, who in this campaign conceded 19
hand-balls, more by himself than three teams did and 4 per cent of the total
for the whole league.
Humdrum Brum
While Chelsea were setting new goalscoring boundaries at the top of the
table, there were still more than a few teams committed to the 2000s ethos of
low-scoring matches, even as the new decade began. Chief among them in
2009–10 were Alex McLeish’s Birmingham City, who, with 38 goals in 38
games, remain the lowest-scoring team ever to finish in the top half in a
Premier League campaign. City scored more than twice in only one of their
games (3–2 v Wigan), and their attitude was exemplified by defender Roger
Johnson, who made a monstrous 441 clearances but completed only 600
passes all season. Never has the phrase ‘get rid’ been more applicable.
Life’s a breach
And while Birmingham secured a top-half finish despite rarely scoring,
Wigan managed to avoid the drop somehow, despite ending the season with a
goal difference of minus 42, the worst figure ever recorded by a team who
didn’t get relegated. Much of that gruesome margin came in the capital, with
the 8–0 defeat at Chelsea on the final day that sealed the title for the hosts,
and a 9–1 hammering at White Hart Lane in November, a match in which the
Latics had trailed only 1–0 at half-time. Wigan Mathletics.
Steed off
The north-east loves a substitution. Not only is Newcastle icon Shola Ameobi
the player to have been brought on most often (142 times), but in 2009–10
Sunderland’s Steed Malbranque was replaced a record 26 times, four times
more than he had been the season before. The Frenchman made 30 starts for
the Black Cats in 2009–10 and, in 26 of those games, he looked up and saw
his number (that number was eight, squad number fans) being held up. The
breakdown of his 26 removals is one first half, five at half-time and 20 after
the break. Will the record ever be beaten? Well, in 2015–16, champions
Leicester substituted Okazaki 25 times and Mahrez on 24 occasions, and if
2015–16 Leicester can’t best you then surely nobody can.
Verdict
If in the second half of the 2000s the leading Premier League teams had
dominated Europe with a controlled, defensively rigid but invariably
unromantic approach, 2009–10 was the first hint of the chaos and slapstick
that was to come in the 2010s (even the referees got in on the act with a
record eight red cards on a single day, on October 31). Of Chelsea’s first four
Premier League titles, this was the one not won under the stern tutelage of
José Mourinho and is possibly the league win Blues fans remain most fond
of; that crazy April and May when the goals fell like spring rain.
7.
12 Steps to Heaven – the Lionel Messi Debate
‘Once they said they can only stop me with a pistol. Today you need a machine-gun to stop
Messi’
– Hristo Stoichkov
SCENE: The annual (they hate this) meeting of the 12 months is taking place
at a calendar factory in southern Denmark. Each year (they prefer the term
‘12 months’) the months meet to discuss any issues they’ve had over the
previous year and plans for the next 365-day period. They end each
gathering by having a keynote discussion that is broadcast online to other
periods of time (the days of the week, obscure religious holidays, specific
dates on which Dave Bassett has appeared on Sky Sports News to talk about
a player from a league he has little awareness of). In 2017, the months have
chosen Lionel Messi, the year he turns 30, as their topic of discussion. Here
is what they discussed.
June: Lionel Messi, the greatest footballer in the history of the game. No
doubt at all. And, it should be noted by all of you, he was born in June. My
man, Lionel Messi.
August: Aha, June is it? Another summer boy to make mockery of the
autumn supremacists. ‘They’re too small, they fall behind at school, the
autumn boys are too powerful.’ Well it didn’t stop Alan Shearer did it. A
delicate plate of artisan chicken and beans on a hot August day as the
blackberries slowly ripen. Elysian fields, my friends.
October: You utter fool, August. In Argentina, June is the middle of winter.
Leo was born in, I imagine, a howling gale, with hailstones as large as adidas
Tangos. This lack of knowledge modern months show about the southern
hemisphere really is embarrassing. In many thriving countries I’m celebrated
as a period of renewal. Me. October.
June: Winter, summer, whatever. Lionel Messi was born, we can at least all
agree on that. 24 June 1987, a different time. The main import into Spanish
football that week was Howard Kendall resigning from English champions
Everton to take over at Athletic Bilbao. Other footballers born on the same
day as Messi include Rochdale goalkeeper Josh Lillis and …
March: Are you looking at Wikipedia, June?
June: Well … yeesss.
March: Come on. While a fine resource for dates of birth, no $10 donation
will be enough to cover the career of the great man. Let’s go deeper.
April: Can someone provide us with a quick overview of his early years in
Argentina? We all know he moved to Barcelona when he was still a kid, but
before that? He must have been good?
May: Small and very good. Or very small and good. His youth team in
Rosario lost only a handful of games in four years and were known as ‘The
Machine of ’87’, which not only denoted the year they were born but sounds
like it could be the most important post-rock album released in 2008. One
issue, though. Messi stopped growing when he was nine and when he was
four foot two. This wasn’t something that could be solved merely by eating
all your vegetables up. This needed medical treatment, specifically medical
treatment with human growth hormone.
April: Human growth hormone? That’s got a, er, reputation nowadays.
May: So would orange juice if you used it immorally. Messi had a medical
condition and this treatment allowed him to move past that. He was just
fortunate that he comes from a generation where there was a reliable medical
solution. Before the mid-1980s growth hormone deficiencies had to be dealt
with by removing the actual real stuff from actual real cadavers and injecting
it into the actual real patient.
September: The treatment wasn’t cheap, though, and when Newell’s Old
Boys said they couldn’t, or didn’t want to, fund it, Messi’s father used his
Catalonian roots to line up a move to Barcelona. Messi’s European life had
begun.
June: Yeah, yeah, rise through the ranks, the greatest of hopes in Barcelona’s
golden generation. We’ve all heard about this. I want to see hard facts. When
did he start playing? Not for the D team, the C team, the B team but
Barcelona. The A team. Not The A-Team, Barcelona’s first team. You know,
more than a club. All that.
October: Well let me come in here because Messi’s first start came in
October 2004 in a defeat against UDA Gramenet, who may sound like a late
90s internet service provider but were in fact embarking on a sensational cup
run of the lower-league variety. Think Wycombe but with an Iberic museum
instead of one displaying chairs. This was 11 days after his first appearance,
as a late substitute in the Catalan derby against Espanyol, for whom fellow
Argentine Mauricio Pochettino was playing.
May: Good one, October, but I can claim the first goal, scored in the closing
stages of the 2004–05 campaign against Albacete, and in the closing stages of
the game. It was assisted by Ronaldinho and scored with Messi’s left foot
from inside the penalty area. It was to be the first of many such finishes.
March: You’re right about the distance, May. Of Messi’s first 28 goals, only
one came from outside the penalty area, and that was his first goal for
Argentina on 1 March 2006. Less a foot like a traction engine and more one
like a … what came after the traction engine and was more refined?
December: A tractor? Messi has a foot like a … tractor?
March: A small tractor … a child’s tractor or perhaps a sit-on mower? I feel

we’re losing the point here. Messi scores mainly from visually pleasing
angles inside the box, that’s my take on this. A fantastic take, a huge take.
February: And despite those previously discussed height issues, he’s scored
more than 20 headed goals in his career, with the first coming in February
2006 against Real Zaragoza. I mean, when you score more than 500 goals a
few are going to come with your head or your knee or your chest but even so
…
January: I’d keep quiet about headers, Feb old pal. Remember that open
goal, 45-degree headed miss from a penalty rebound against Manchester City
in 2015? Straight out of Sensible World of Soccer that one.
August: Headed goals? Chested goals? Come on, this is Leo Messi we’re
talking about here, not Ian Ormondroyd. What about hat-tricks? Lots, yes?
March: Thirty-seven for Barcelona as it stands, and guess what. I’ve seen
more of them than any of you lot, with nine, including the first, which came
against Real Madrid, not a bad start, in 2007. And unlike, say, Matthew Le
Tissier, Messi doesn’t do pyrrhic trebles, scoring them when his team loses in
other words. That first hat-trick against Real remains the only time he’s
scored three or more goals and not won (the game ended 3–3). Since then, 36
of them and 36 wins.
January: By the way, June, don’t feel bad or anything but you’re the only
month Messi’s played in for Barcelona and not scored a hat-trick. July, you
can rest easy here, we all know how it goes.
June: Three games, man, get real. I’m not a club football sort of guy. And …
wait, October, hear me out … Messi’s scored braces in two of those three
games. Not bad, pal.
October: Ah, don’t let that northern hemisphere bias creep out again, June.
You’re making me cross.
April: I’d like to announce something. And that something is that the first
time Lionel Messi scored more than three goals in a game came in April.
November: That’s true but it was against Arsenal at the Camp Nou or Nou
Camp, you decide. If you score four goals against Arsenal does it even make
a sound?
April: That would have worked much better with Nottingham Forest.
Anyway, painful as it is for me to admit, my old rival March can lay claim to
the first and so far only time Messi has scored five in a match, against Bayer
Leverkusen in the Champions League in 2012.
March: Yeah, and to put that into context, at the point he did it, only 11
teams had ever scored five goals in a Champions League knockout match.
He’s good you know.
October: He was the first player to score five goals in a European Cup game
since, wait for it, Søren Lerby for Ajax v Omonia Nicosia in October 1979,
and the only player to do it since Messi is Luiz Adriano for Shakhtar v BATE
Borisov, also in October. Go me. Seriously, that is classic October.
SCENE: June serves a tray of Ubuntu Cola to the other months, although
March has brought lemon squash as he is allergic to sparkling drinks.
November: Shall we talk about 2011–12, Messi’s magnus opus? Seventy-

three goals and 29 assists in 60 games; 102 direct goal involvements in a
single season.
August: Well, he certainly started in the right way. Four games in August
and he scored and assisted in all of them …
April: And yet, as usual, it was the business end of the season where he did
best. Fifteen goals and assists in each of March and April. Fifteen in a season
would be enough for most players … not our Leo, though.
February: Let’s not forget that month-long scoring run he started in late
February 2012 with four goals at home to Valencia. Sixteen goals in six
matches remains the best spree he has ever experienced in his career, and he
had 22 of Barcelona’s 57 shots on target in that period, despite missing one of
the games. Extraordinary.
May: Well, at least I can claim his final goals of that mighty season, the four
he rattled home against Espanyol on 5 May 2012. Messi is, inevitably, the
top-scoring player in the Catalonian derby with 15 goals. Those four took
him to 50 for the season in the league, the only time the half century has ever
been reached in the Spanish division. This isn’t some joke league like
England, where players such as Dixie Dean can rattle in 60 at will. Messi
even ended the season with a goalless display against Betis, like some sort of
human.
December: If we’re talking Messi and records and 2012, can I mention the
world goalscoring record in a calendar yea—
Others: No!
October: Calendar year stats are confusing and make people sad.
December: Well, yes, but Messi scored 91 times in 2012 and gave some
memorabilia to Gerd Müller to honour the man whose record he had taken.
November: This is highly disrespectful to Zambia’s Godfrey Chitalu, the

Jimmy Dunne of the southern hemisphere. One hundred and seven goals in
1972 and he was never ratified. A poor show, imo.
December: You shouldn’t actually say ‘imo’ out loud. Anyway, I’m feeding
off scraps here. Messi’s spent his entire career playing in a country that takes
a winter break so his December achievements are naturally going to be a bit
restrained.
November: Anyway, you’re all forgetting the key date in 2012, 11

November.
February: Armistice day?
November: Well, there was no ceasefire in front of goal from Messi, that’s
for sure. He scored two goals away at Mallorca. ‘Big deal,’ you’re thinking.
‘Messi scores a brace. We’re not going to get an emotional biopic out of this
one.’
May: I see where you’re going, November …
November: That’s right, the next league game in which Messi would not
score was on 12 May, almost exactly six months later. Messi ended up
scoring in 21 consecutive league games, which is, frankly, insane. The run
involved 31 goals, while Barcelona scored 64 goals overall.
March: Twenty-one games in a row. That’s … improbable.
November: And yet we saw it with our own eyes. A 175-day period of
brilliance, that’s 102 days longer than the Falklands W—
March: Whoa, November. Not now, mate.
November: Fair point.
SCENE: The months briefly depart the stage for comfort breaks, except for
March as he didn’t drink his lemon squash because it was ‘too strong and
thick’.
February: Welcome back, everyone. Let’s run through some landmark

dates, shall we? I’ll start with 17 February 2016, when he became the first
player in La Liga history to reach 300 goals when he scored twice against
Sporting.
April: It was the year for it. Two months later Messi reached 500 goals in his
career for club and country. Five hundred goals! Most players struggle to
reach 500 appearances.
December: I really hope you’re not counting goals in friendlies and five-a-
sides like some of those Twitter accounts.
April: Please.
February: By the way, I’m not saying Messi was nonchalant about reaching
the 300-goal mark in the league but a few days earlier he caused outrage
among those who don’t truly understand or believe in the rules that govern
direct free-kicks by passing a penalty kick to Luis Suárez against Celta Vigo,
allowing the Uruguayan to complete his hat-trick and leaving himself on 299
goals.
June: Ah yes, the eternal ‘passed penalties are disrespectful debate’. The one
that Robert Pirés experienced in real time in 2005. The most existential
moment in football history.
February: Indeed, but not a philosophical conundrum for Messi. His pass to
Suárez was inch perfect, although, for clarity, it was still recorded as a
penalty not scored, meaning that at that point in time he had scored with only
two of his five spot-kicks in La Liga that season. Perhaps he should pass to a
team-mate more often.
October: What about the Champions League? Messi’s two hat-tricks in the
autumn of 2016 took him to seven in his career, as many as five-time
European champions Liverpool have ever managed.
April: True, but my close friend Cristiano Ronaldo matched this in May
[muffled ‘thanks’ from May off camera] but it will aggrieve the wee man that
CR7 became, in April 2017, the first player to score 100 goals in the
European Cup/Champions League. A landmark for the Portuguese machine.
November: But Messi was the first of the pair to successfully hunt down
Raúl’s long-standing record of 71, back in November 2014, hitting his 72nd
in what was his 91st game. Raúl must have thought he was unassailable for a
long time. And then everything changed. For Raúl anyway. And people who
run Raúl memorabilia businesses.
April: True, as we’ve talked about before, the existence of Messi and
Ronaldo in the same domestic and continental milieu has prevented either
one being the utterly dominant figure of his time but has arguably driven both
on to greater heights than they could have achieved alone. Their total of nigh-
on 200 Champions League goals between them would put them 10th in the
list of teams with most goals, ahead of teams such as Dortmund, Inter and
Valencia.
January: Is there anything that Messi can’t do? [Makes popular double-
handed worshipping gesture.]
July: Guys, I can think of something …
March: We’ll come to that, July, but first you mustn’t forget that when
Liverpool became the first and so far only Premier League team to win a
Champions League game against Barcelona at the Nou Camp, in 2007, Messi
had fewer touches of the ball than Steve Finnan. I know that you’re all
thinking about Chelsea and Gary Neville and Fernando Torres now, but
check the records and you’ll see that that game ended 2–2.
January: Ooh, I’ve thought of one as well. It was 11 January 2015; Messi,
against Atlético, concedes his first and so far only penalty in La Liga. A
liability of a player, frankly.
November: He’s yet to score an own goal, though. That’s the real quiz.
July: Can we finally move on to the eternal question. Can Messi be seen as
the greatest player of all-time when it looks like he’ll never win the World
Cup? The 2014 World Cup represented his greatest opportunity, with
Argentina making the final across the border in Brazil but losing out to a
Germany team who, instead, became the second European country in
succession to win a world title outside their home continent.
August: Messi’s issue is that there has never been a clearer example of a
single player dragging a team to a World Cup victory than Diego Maradona
in 1986. He scored five and assisted five more, meaning he was directly
involved in 71 per cent of Argentina’s goals that year. In comparison, Messi
in 2014 scored four and assisted one more, 63 per cent of Argentina’s frankly
paltry total of eight, a contribution that isn’t massively smaller than his skill
ancestor 28 years earlier, which suggests instead that it was the sheer
spectacle of Maradona that lives on through the ages. The older man took
extreme punishment, 152 fouls won in 21 games, whereas playmakers in
Messi’s era get time and space to conduct their craft. Obviously, I’m going to
defend Leo, I’m August [glances at camera], but I feel he deserves it.
July: Fair points, my old friend, and I’d add that the chief difference is that in
Maradona’s era the World Cup was the pinnacle of football, whereas in
Messi’s it’s the Champions League. So to lambast Messi for not winning the
World Cup surely means you have to lay into Maradona for making only as
many appearances in the European Cup/Champions League as Titus
Bramble. Horses for courses, era by era.
March: I suppose the final question is how much longer Messi can carry on
and whether he’ll spend his entire career at Barcelona.
June: Thirty years old in June 2017, Messi, less reliant on pace than Ronaldo
although no snail, could feasibly contribute for at least another five years at
the highest level. Modern sports science is so far advanced and modern
superstars so committed to maintaining their performance levels that we have
seen Zlatan Ibrahimovic´ move to the Premier League and become the oldest
player to ever score 15 or more goals in a single season.
October: Let’s do some wholly unreliable maths then. Since the start of the
Pep Guardiola era at Barcelona, Messi has averaged 34 appearances per
season in La Liga and 35 goals. Let’s say that this rate of a goal a game
declines to around 0.75 over the next five years, and he makes an average of
only 25 appearances, he’ll still add another 90-odd goals to his La Liga total,
taking him somewhere close to 450.
September: Applying similar parameters to the Champions League, but

reducing the number of games per season to eight to take into account being
rested in dead rubbers and there being no guarantee Barcelona will continue
to reach the latter stages so regularly, we can expect to see Messi add another
20 to 25 goals.
March: Which means Messi could, maybe should, end his career with a total
not far shy of 600 goals in domestic league and Champions League football,
which is a total that may not be surpassed for a very long time, depending on
how the equally astonishing Cristiano Ronaldo pushes the boundaries over
the next few seasons.
August: And for all the criticism of Messi as an international, he is still

Argentina’s top-scoring player of all-time with 58 goals [a message saying
‘Correct at Time of Broadcast’ is shown on screen for those watching this
clip on an overly elongated documentary version on Netflix], a total that is
higher than Wayne Rooney’s and Thierry Henry’s, but less than Stern John’s.
An unlikely but not improbable World Cup win for Argentina in 2018 and
Messi can retire comfortably as the greatest player the game has ever
produced.
January: Persuasive stuff, pals, but don’t forget that players can fade much
more quickly, either due to personal decline or a teamwide deterioration.
Barcelona’s performance in the Champions League in 2016–17 was
indicative of the latter and it remains to be seen how Messi will hold up as,
one by one, his exalted colleagues fall by the wayside. Barca were fortunate
to progress in the last 16 against Paris Saint-Germain and not only failed to
score in 180 minutes against Juventus in the quarter-final, but were restricted
to just a single shot on target in the second leg. Messi, the precision utensil of
the modern game, hit seven shots off target across the two games. A seasonal
slump or the end of an era?
May: Loath as I am to raise the eternal and infernal ‘could Messi perform on
a cold Tuesday night at Stoke?’ question, the key thing people have generally
ignored in this debate is that it massively depends on who he is playing for.
Messi playing for Barcelona in their pomp in the Potteries is unlikely to have
many problems, no matter what Charlie Adam pulled from his bag of tricks,
but Messi playing for Stoke, or Rotherham, or Slough Town would be a
different matter altogether. So much of his game relies on the space created
by not-quite-equal-but-reasonably-close team-mates. Look at the latter-day
upsurge Messi had as part of the MSN triumvirate he formed with Neymar
and Luis Suárez, so planting him into a team of inferior players could be
disastrous for his reputation. On a minor scale, this is surely what has
happened with Messi and Argentina. A football team is a sum of its parts,
even when one of those parts is cast from shimmering platinum.
February: Wait. Does this mean that Maradona really is the greatest player
of all-time?
June: Feb, son, there is no answer to this. Comparing players from different
eras is impossible, the endless debating of Messi versus Cristiano Ronaldo
shows it’s the same when the players are almost exact contemporaries. I think
we should leave the final word to Pep Guardiola, who said: ‘Don’t write
about him, don’t try to describe him, just watch him.’
September: Wise words and we should, perhaps, remember that all football
is merely energy condensed to a slow vibration, that we are all one
consciousness experiencing itself subjectively, that there is no such thing as
death, life is only a dream and we are the imagination of ourselves.
April: In that case, Messi is the greatest creation of modern times.

December: Amen.
June: Guys, wasn’t that just a rip-off of Bill Hi—[Theme music plays.]
Is it still called the Premiership? THOSE DAYS ARE LONG GONE, MY

FRIEND
Relegated: West Ham United, Blackpool, Birmingham City
Top scorer: Carlos Tevez/Dimitar Berbatov (20)
Most assists: Nani (14)
Biggest win: Manchester United 7–1 Blackburn (and four 6–0s; see below)
Overview
When your arch-rivals have sat on their perch with 18 league titles for two
decades and you’ve clawed, scrapped and waltzed your way closer and closer
and closer to them, a 19th crown will always be special. But Manchester
United’s 2010–11 title remains a curate’s egg of a Premier League triumph. It
counts just as much as all the other ones, yet remains somehow forgettable,
unless you’re a United fan, or Nani. Or both.
If great teams can win at any venue with ease, then Manchester United in
2010–11 were not, as suspected, a great team. Their total of 25 points away
from home is the lowest recorded by a title-winning team in the three-points-
for-a-win era (and the lowest, based on that rule, since Liverpool in 1976–
77). United won just five of their 19 away games, only as many as Blackpool,
who finished 19th, and managed to lose away at Arsenal, Chelsea and
Liverpool, yet, and here’s the key thing, still won the title.
If great teams score memorable goals, and headed goals are generally the
preserve of the meat and drink enthusiasts lower down the pyramid, then,
again Manchester United in 2010–11 were not, as suspected, a great team.
They scored 18 headed goals that season, which is the most by a Premier
League-winning team and the joint third highest total in the competition’s
history. Look at the sides around them in this category: the Wimbledon team
of 1995–96 with 22; Newcastle in 1999–2000 with 19; the likes of Oldham
and Crystal Palace in 1992–93, also with 18. These, whatever they were,
were not progressive teams that challenged for the title.
Even having the joint top scorer in the league, in the form of Dimitar
Berbatov, was less impressive than it looked at first glance. The Bulgarian
reached 20 goals for the only time in his eight-year Premier League career,
but 16 of those goals came at home, with five coming in one game against
Blackburn. Meanwhile, Wayne Rooney’s season was overshadowed by news
in the autumn that he was interested in following Carlos Tevez to Manchester
City, and creative duties duly passed to Nani, who did, it’s true, assist 14
goals, but the Cristiano Ronaldo era this was not. Ultimately United were
helped by Chelsea being unable to defend their title (eight wins from 10 was
a good start, but a spell of two wins in 11 between November and January
undid all that) and Manchester City still being a work in progress under
Roberto Mancini, albeit one that could land an FA Cup after defeating United
in the semi-finals. (Indeed, the fact that United sealed the title on the same
day that City won the cup somehow seemed to diminished both achievements
a little.)
At the bottom Birmingham, who, as we discovered with delight, scored 38
goals and finished in the top half in 2009–10, scored just one goal fewer a
season later and went down. They were joined by West Ham and Blackpool,
led by faux curmudgeon Ian Holloway, who oversaw a team who entertained
by scoring 55 and letting in 78; that combined total of 133 goals is the fifth
highest in a 20-team Premier League campaign.
Scoring’s not boring

The 2010–11 season was the first in the Premier League without either of
José Mourinho and Rafa Benítez since 2003–04 and, possibly coincidentally,
the goals started flowing like wine. The 1,053 in 2009–10 had been the
highest number since 1999–2000 but, a year on, the league added an
additional 10, as it moved into the first of the three highest-scoring seasons
(based on goals per game) in the modern era. It was helped by a supernova of
strikes in the first month of the season, with champions Chelsea continuing
their goal streak from the end of the previous campaign with a pair of 6–0
wins (yes, Wigan were involved). Over the heady weekend of 21–22 August
three teams – Arsenal, Newcastle and Chelsea – all won 6–0, meaning that
August 2010 was the first month to have four games in which teams scored
six or more goals since May 1967.
It’s Raining Men (who are scoring goals)

If 2010-11 creaked under the heavy load of goals it was carrying, then
Saturday February 5 was the day that its knees shook and very nearly buckled
under the vast pressure. The history of the Premier League has seen so many
carefully planned and curated days and yet a regulation Saturday afternoon in
late winter came up with all the goods. Eight games, 41 goals, a rate of 5.1
per game a record for a single (busy) day in the 20-team Premier League era.
Applaud the art-house stylings of West Brom, the only one of the 16 sides not
to score that day, marvel at Newcastle’s pulsating comeback from four down
against Arsenal to draw 4–4 and chuckle as Everton beat Blackpool 5–3 in a
fixture/result combo like something from a book about Stanley Matthews. Or
gasp as you recall bottom club Wolves defeat league leaders Manchester
United (hitherto undefeated), one of only four instances where the table
proppers have bested the table toppers (50 per cent of which, strangely, have
been Wolves v Manchester United fixtures). February 5 2011: the day the
goal nets wept.
Red Alert
It was not a classic campaign in Liverpool’s history books, with Roy
Hodgson, Northampton Town and the Andy Carroll purchase just three of
quite a few low points, but the Reds did at least register the earliest and latest
goals of the season. The earliest came via Maxi Rodríguez after 32 seconds in
the 5–2 late-season win at Fulham. The latest, and it remains the latest
Premier League goal in Opta’s entire database, was after 101 minutes and 48
seconds, from Dirk Kuyt, in the match at Arsenal in April. The match had
already seen Robin van Persie score from the spot after 97min 10sec, only for
Kuyt to despatch a spot-kick of his own four and a half minutes later.
Verdict
Manchester United’s 19th league title gave them, finally, the lead over
Liverpool and will be cherished by their fans for ever more for that aspect
alone. It wasn’t a classic title race or a dominant procession, instead there
was a sense that this campaign was the quiet before the storm as Manchester
City prepared to finally mount a credible title challenge. Could the veteran
Ferguson hold the noisy neighbours at bay?
Is it still called the Premiership? ONLY YOUR DAD STILL USES

PREMIERSHIP
Champions: Manchester City
Relegated: Wolverhampton Wanderers, Blackburn Rovers, Bolton

Wanderers
Top scorer: Robin van Persie (30)
Most assists: David Silva (15)
Biggest win: Manchester 8–2 Arsenal/Arsenal 7–1 Blackburn
Overview
The number of seasons that go down to the final day is relatively small (only
six in Premier League history), the number of seasons that go down to goal
difference is even smaller (only six in top-flight history) and the number of
seasons that go down to the last meaningful kick of the season is tiny (only
1989, Arsenal, and 2012, Manchester City, in the modern era). If you ever
doubt whether you enjoy football or not, watch one of the many YouTube
clips of Sergio Agüero’s winner against Queens Park Rangers in May 2012
and monitor your pulse at the same time. If it remains steady then I’m afraid
it’s time to walk away from the game for good.
One of the reasons Manchester City’s title triumph in 2011–12, their first
since 1968, was so compelling was that it looked completely squandered on
more than one occasion. The team, guided by the brooding Roberto Mancini
and containing talents as varied as Yaya Touré, David Silva, Agüero and
Mario Balotelli, started the season like a train delivering cashmere scarves to
north-west England. Eleven wins and a draw from their first 12 games was a
start that has been matched only three times in top-flight history (Spurs,
1960–61; Man United, 1985–86; and Liverpool, 1990–91). The keen-eyed
will note that of those three other sides, the latter two failed to land the title in
those seasons. City’s start was incredibly good, but it meant nothing.
This was largely because Manchester United had almost kept pace with
their city rivals. Sir Alex Ferguson’s team ended 2011 with a home defeat to
Blackburn, but City started 2012 with a defeat at Sunderland (the Black Cats
were also the only away team to prevent City winning a league game at the
Etihad in 2011–12), meaning both teams were level on 45 points with half the
season remaining. United had won seven away games by this point, already
two more than in their title-winning campaign a year earlier, although the
home crowd at Old Trafford was still reeling from the 6–1 schooling City had
handed out in October. That winning margin of five goals was City’s biggest
league win against United since 1955 and only the second time they’d hit six
against them. The swing in goal difference was to prove reasonably important
seven months later.
Between 11 March and 8 April, City took just five points from five games,
leaving them eight points behind with eight games to go; Balotelli’s red card
away at Arsenal proving a delicious and tempting honeypot for British ex-
pros bemoaning attitudes in modern players. It was over, barring the sort of
slump that Ferguson had rarely encountered in the Premier League era. But
then, exactly that, the unthinkable, occurred. A 1–0 loss away at Wigan and
an inexplicable 4–4 draw at home to Everton meant that United headed to the
Etihad knowing that defeat would allow their old, and new, rivals to replace
them at the top, something they duly did.
And lo, it came to the final day. City just needed to match United’s result
and, with a record of P18, W17, D1, L0 at home, and relegation-haunted
QPR to come, it all looked a formality. Less so after 90 minutes, when the
Londoners led 2–1. Everyone knows what happened next (Dzeko 91.15,
Agüero 93.20) but possibly less well known is that City’s total of 44 shots in
that match remains a Premier League record for a single game (for matches
Opta has recorded in the past 14 years) and that Balotelli’s calm pass for
Agüero’s winner was the only assist he recorded in 70 Premier League
appearances for either City or Liverpool. United, meanwhile, ended with 89
points (nine more than they had collected in winning the title 12 months
earlier) and nothing to show for it. In fact, 14 of the club’s 20 league titles
have been collected with an inferior record to 2011–12. Some seasons are just
different.
Unknown Pleasures
Arsène Wenger’s Arsenal teams have always been susceptible to the
occasional shellacking down the years but their 8–2 loss to Manchester
United in the dog days of summer 2011 echoed down the ages. It was one of
only two games in the Alex Ferguson era to contain 10 goals (along with his
final match, the equally barmy 5–5 draw at West Brom), and remains the
highest number of goals Arsenal have conceded in a top-flight game. It also
served as one of the first football Twitter memes, with increasingly strained
variations on ‘I’d 8–2 be an Arsenal fan’ still in service six long years later.
Askew Downing
Liverpool’s experimentation with ‘Moneyball’ signings in 2011 (NB, this
actually bears little relation to the popular book Moneyball) brought the likes
of Stewart Downing, Charlie Adam and Jordan Henderson to Anfield.
Henderson (eventually) thrived, but Downing and particularly Adam
struggled to adapt. Downing was particularly unlucky in his first season at the
club, ending 2011–12 as not only the player with the most shots (72) without
scoring, but the most chances created (55) without an assist. Even Billy
Beane couldn’t figure that one out.
The humble English swan

In 2012 London hosted the Olympics and the word ‘Brexit’ was coined (not
at the same time), but the Premier League was still a melting pot of
nationalities and cultures. Even on a local level, teams were mixing it up,
with the first non-English club to appear in the competition, Swansea City,
recording a higher percentage of goals from Englishmen (71 per cent) than
any other team.
Verdict
I swear you’ll never see anything like this ever again. So watch it; drink it in.
Is it still called the Premiership? THIS ISN’T RUGBY, PAL
Relegated: Queens Park Rangers, Reading, Wigan Athletic
Top scorer: Robin van Persie (26)
Most assists: Juan Mata (12)
Biggest win: Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa
Overview
The final flourish. That horror film cliché, the dead zombie who springs back
to life as the heroes relax at what had seemed like the end of their ordeal, is
perhaps a little strong for what remains Manchester United’s most recent title
win, but there is some element of truth there. Bested (psychologically, if not
on points) by Manchester City in 2011–12, the true measure of Sir Alex
Ferguson’s genius was his 13th Premier League crown, given the apparent
quality of the squad he did it with, and the club’s subsequent decline
immediately after he retired.
By all accounts, in 2012, United’s greatest manager decided to continue for
one more season to try to wrest the title back from the club’s cross-town
rivals. And, thanks to the deadly efficiency of summer signing Robin van
Persie and Ferguson’s unrivalled ability to coax performances and wins from
some ordinary players, he achieved his aim.
The key to the season was the autumn, when United rarely looked in
control yet still managed to collect wins like conkers. They lost their opening
game of the season, at Goodison Park (2012–13 would be the third time
United lost their first match but still won the title, after 1992–93 and 1995–
96) and by October they had conceded the opening goal in eight of their 12
games in all competitions. Yet fast forward a few months and they remain the
only team in English top-flight history to have won 25 of their opening 30
games.
The spirit, the sheer resilience, in the side was awesome, with their total of
29 points from comebacks the second highest total recorded in the Premier
League era. Ferguson’s team trailed in 16 league games in 2012–13, only
four fewer than 13th-place Stoke, yet came back to win nine of them. They
also shared the goals among 20 players, a Premier League record, with the
likes of Alexander Büttner (2) and Nick Powell (1) contributing, albeit not as
often as van Persie, whose 26 goals, including a hat-trick against Aston Villa
in the title-clinching fixture in April, was the culmination of his three-season
holy period (two at Arsenal, one and a title at United). Neither the Dutchman,
nor his new club, would quite be the same again.
Such was United’s will to win in 2012–13 that there were only four
leadership changes at the top of the table all season, with the champions-elect
immovable from November through until May. After sealing the title in
April, a new top-flight points record of 96 was on the cards had they won
their final four games. Instead they collected just five more, drawing with
Arsenal, losing to Chelsea, winning their manager’s final home game against
Swansea and then completing Ferguson’s time in management with the first
5–5 draw in the English top flight since 1984.
At the bottom, in a gloomy but niche world dominated by your
Sunderlands and your Derbys, QPR 2012–13 generally escape much focus
when people examine the worst performances in the Premier League, but
Rangers’ wait until their 17th game of the season for a win was the longest
winless start in the top flight since Sheffield United in 1990–91. The
Londoners filled 20th place and were joined in demotion by Reading, despite
Adam Le Fondre’s best efforts (see below), and, finally, Wigan. Having
stayed up three years later with a goal difference of minus 42, the Latics
succumbed, although did so accompanied by the joy of winning the FA Cup,
the only team to suffer those extremes in the same season.
Melt in the south

Reading’s third (was it their third? Yes, I just checked and it was their third)
season in the Premier League ended like the second, with relegation, but one
man tried his best to keep the Royals in the top flight: Adam Le Fondre. Le
Fondre, ‘the melt’ in French, was in fact one of the few players at the
Madejski Stadium who could be relied on to keep his cool. His total of eight
goals from the bench in 2012–13 is a Premier League record, with five of
them coming in three heady games in January. Le Fondre was less successful
when he started games, scoring just four, but that combined haul of 12 was as
many as Sergio Agüero and Wayne Rooney managed, and one more than
Carlos Tevez.
BB-9
The 2012–13 season was the first in the top flight since 1991–92 without any
clubs beginning with the letter B, but making amends for the alphabet’s No. 2
was Gareth Bale, with this being the campaign that elevated him from ‘that
Tottenham player who seems to be playing well’ to ‘I think Gareth Bale
might be one of the best players in Europe.’ His total of nine long-range goals
was more than any other player in Europe’s big five leagues in 2012–13, and
his nine winning goals, a Premier League high, almost dragged Spurs to
fourth place in the spring. The first Spurs player to break the 20-goal mark
since the 1990s, Bale’s dominance earned him a (then) world record transfer
to Real Madrid. B-bye.
Pleased to Michu
With two goals and an assist on his Premier League debut, Spanish curiosity
Michu started his career as he meant to go on. Eighteen league goals in his
first season in England led to a) many bigger clubs coveting the Swansea man
and b) an endless list of comparisons with other players, given Michu had
cost the Welsh side only £2 million. Yet owing to a combination of injuries
and form, he scored only two more goals in the Premier League, but can
console himself with being one of only nine players to score 20 or more goals
in the division despite playing only two seasons (along with Klinsmann,
Ravanelli, Crespo, Pellè, Josh King, Firmino, Deeney and Dele Alli).
Verdict
No man has dominated the Premier League in its 25-year history as much as
Alex Ferguson. He started English football’s new era in 1992 as a man who
knew time was running out if he was to win the league title for his
championship-starved club; he ended his spell with a preposterous 13 of them
in the trophy cabinet. The 2012–13 team gets credit, and rightly so, for
pulling a rabbit out of a hat, but the sheer succession of wins for the first
three-quarters of the season marks this team out as, statistically at least, one
of the most impressive outfits in the modern era.
8.
The Red and the Black: Finding Perspective
on Arsène Wenger
‘The only moment of possible happiness is the present. The past gives regrets; and future
uncertainties. Man quickly realised this and created religion. It forgives him what he has
done wrong in the past and tells him not to worry about the future, as you will go to
paradise’
– Arsène Wenger, 2015
Like life in the mafia, there are generally only two ways for a football
manager to leave a club. A chosen few, like Sir Alex Ferguson or the French
Sir Alex Ferguson, Guy Roux, leave a legacy so rich that subsequent
managers can do little more than go through the motions, haunted by what
came before and broken by the heft of expectation. The majority of coaches,
though, do a bad/reasonable/good job for a period of time between six
months and three years and then move on, or are summarily removed,
depending on their performance, carving a slice out of a club’s history, rather
than a vast slab.
Arsène Wenger seems to occupy a curious witchspace between these two
eventualities, with the longevity of a Ferguson but an increasingly battered
legacy that has sapped the enthusiasm of many, perhaps even most, Arsenal
fans. The 2016–17 season even featured a replay of the Battle of Britain in
the southern English skies, albeit one that showed a level of self-absorption
that would have been a confidence boost for the Luftwaffe, as both pro-
Wenger and anti-Wenger cabals hired light aircraft to support/attack the
manager via the medium of banners. This sense of pantomime ennui was
illustrated in the penultimate home game of the season, against Sunderland, a
must-win match for Arsenal’s ambitions of finishing in the top four, but one
where empty seats littered the Emirates Stadium. Questioned on this visual
critique of his modern regime, Wenger could offer only ‘it is Tuesday night’;
factually correct but not the most inspiring quote from one of the Premier
League’s more loquacious managers.
A rash of Wenger anniversaries in the mid-2010s (1,000 games, 20 years
since he was appointed, the 10th anniversary of Sol Campbell scoring in a
Champions League final) focused attention on the Frenchman’s achievements
at Arsenal but also highlighted the almost binary nature of his spell at the
club. In the stirring words of Sven-Göran Eriksson, ‘first half good, second
half not so good’, and it’s true that 11 of the 15 trophies Wenger has won at
the club came in his first 10 years. But you can’t just abandon the second half
of his career as tedious sludge. For starters it contains three times as many FA
Cup wins than, say, Leeds United have won in their entire history. Overall
Wenger has won 3.9 per cent of all the league titles and FA Cups ever
competed for in England, so for him to be almost relentlessly harangued in
2017 about a lack of trophies (until another FA Cup final win at least)
suggests that Arsenal fans may have been spoilt over the past two decades.
I thought about dividing this chapter into three sections called The Good,
the Bad and the Ugly (apologies) but first, there haven’t been too many ugly
things about Wenger’s Premier League career (unless you are offended by a
steady conveyor belt of red cards and/or Martin Keown landing on Ruud van
Nistelrooy like an eagle), and, second, there are so many other facets to the
man who has managed Arsenal for 16 per cent of their entire existence. This,
then, is a deep dive into Wenger’s time at London’s most successful club, and
his part in it.
The record breaker

In the final week of the 2016–17 Premier League season, Arsenal hit 36 shots
against Sunderland in what, despite the shot-every-two-and-a-bit-minutes
pace, felt like a low-key 2–0 home win. Other than securing the three points
they needed to maintain their hopes of qualifying for the Champions League
yet again, the game was relatively uneventful – to the naked eye at least. In
fact, Arsenal’s shot total was a record for a Wenger team in a Premier League
game, a small but illustrative example of how his sides can innocuously carve
out little bits of footballing history, even during the bad times.
Of course, some of Wenger’s entries in the big book of things that have
happened in football are considerably more dramatic than putting David
Moyes’s Sunderland under concerted pressure. Go back to the 2000s and a
new marker, a glamorous benchmark, a steely resolve was evident as Arsenal
closed out the 2001–02 season with 13 consecutive wins and the Premiership
title. A win against Birmingham in the first game of 2002–03 extended the
hottest of hot streaks to 14 games, taking them past a trio of clubs on 13 wins
in a row (Preston and Sunderland in 1892 and Tottenham in 1960).
In that 2001–02 season, Arsenal scored in every game, something that
hadn’t been done since the 19th century, while they also ended the season
unbeaten away from home (W14 D5), after which Wenger boldly predicted
his team could go an entire campaign without defeat. ‘It’s not impossible as
AC Milan once did it, but I can’t see why it’s so shocking to say it. Do you
think Manchester United, Liverpool or Chelsea don’t dream that as well?
They’re exactly the same. They just don’t say it because they’re scared to
look ridiculous, but nobody is ridiculous in this job as we know anything can
happen.’
When Arsenal eventually suffered defeat in 2002–03, via Wayne Rooney’s
first Premier League goal for Everton, Wenger did indeed receive some stiff
servings of ridicule for his notion that a modern team could go a whole
season without defeat. And when Manchester United defeated the Gunners 2–
0 in November (ending the London side’s run of scoring in consecutive top-
flight league games at 55, which is, as you might have already guessed,
another record) it looked as though this team was too brittle to establish a
dynasty to rival United, which, to be fair, was true, but it didn’t stop them
setting another stunning, epochal record in 2003–04, by doing the impossible;
38 games, zero defeats.
Sir Alex Ferguson was not impressed (see 2003–04 season review for
more) but he was in the minority. It remains Wenger’s masterpiece, as well as
his third and very likely final Premier League title. The arrival of José
Mourinho in 2004 meant that Arsenal’s manager was now fighting mind-
game battles on two fronts, and his team have never really come close to
adding a fourth crown. It was not, though, the end of the records and
landmarks, even as Chelsea and others marauded over their territory on the
domestic front.
The unbeaten run continued into 2004–05, the fixture computer making a
small but significant adjustment so that the Gunners played Blackburn at
home instead of Chelsea in the 43rd game of the run. Eventually the all-time
great domino run of losslessness came to an end at Old Trafford after 49
games, the team exiting the Theatre of Dreams by launching a range of pizzas
at their arch-enemies.
In the ‘Invincibles’ season a sprightly pre-Mourinho Chelsea knocked
Arsenal out of the Champions League, in what was surely their best chance to
win the competition, but two years later Wenger’s team found defensive
nirvana as they kept an all-time European Cup record of 10 clean sheets in a
row to reach the final in Paris. Goalkeeper Jens Lehmann, possibly the most
underrated or under-remembered player at the club in this period, was the
rock this run was built on, but his red card in the final, after only 18 minutes,
was a breach in the hitherto impregnable wall of Arsenal’s Château Gaillard
defence and Barcelona’s tiny, technical foot soldiers swarmed gleefully into
the gap.
The records continued to arrive in the 2010s, but they were of a bleaker
hue. Heading to Old Trafford in late August 2011 in the unfamiliar position
of 16th, Arsenal subsequently lost 8–2, only the second time they had let in
eight goals in a league game after an 8–0 defeat to Loughborough in 1896
(when they had the above-average excuse of having an FA Cup tie on the
same day). At least Ferguson came out in support of Wenger that day; in
2014 the Frenchman suffered one of the most unpleasant scenarios
imaginable when he lost his 1,000th game in charge of the Gunners 6–0 away
at Chelsea, with the home fans lustily singing ‘Arsène Wenger, we want you
to stay’.
Just as he had been when Chelsea had beaten Arsenal in Wenger’s 500th
match, José Mourinho was managing the west Londoners and, far from
commiserating with Wenger, he left his dugout early, claiming in a post-
match interview that he wanted to call his wife to tell her the score. Wenger
might have once claimed that ‘everyone thinks they have the prettiest wife at
home’ but if nothing else this game proved that judging whether wives have a
BT Sport subscription is harder to ascertain.
European competition also dished out its own punishment, both slow
torture (exits from the Champions League last 16 in seven consecutive years)
and rapid punches to the ear, in the form of a 10–2 evisceration by Bayern in
spring 2017. A 5–1 defeat in Bavaria was bad enough but then the German
perma-champions decided to produce the same scoreline in north London, the
result of which was the second biggest aggregate defeat in Champions
League history and the biggest ever suffered by an English club.
Outside the stadium, bands of discontented fans roamed, YouTube
channels prodding them for angry quotes that could go viral. The sun’s
reflection glinting gloriously off the Premier League trophy on a happy
afternoon at Highbury had never seemed longer ago.
Alsatian cousin
Taking charge of basic Arsenal in the dying days of John Major’s back to
basics government, Wenger can be seen as epitomising the changing face of
England in the late 1990s (even though Cool Britannia is also Wenger’s least
favourite weather/stadium combination). His first title-winning team was a
Euro-fusion of George Graham’s British defensive unit and an influx of
continental nous, in the form of Patrick Vieira, Nicolas Anelka, Remi Garde
et al, but, by the time the Premier League was recaptured in 2002, the English
involvement had slipped, and when the Invincibles rolled into town, only a
fifth of the minutes played were by English players. Wenger revolutionised
English football and, like many radical leaders, as his cause progressed he
had to muster troops from foreign lands.
Season % of mins played by English players at

Arsenal
1997– 56.9%
98
2001– 39.9%
02
2003– 20.8%
04
Wenger is also the key figure in the rise of what must be called ‘the fully
foreign starting XI’, even with the slightly tiresome connotations that brings.
Based on players hailing from outside the UK or Ireland (the latter included
as it has been a key talent pool for the English top flight for more than a
century), Wenger has named 123 entirely foreign teams in the Premier
League, 112 more than any other club. In fact, add all the other teams to do it
at least once together and they reach only 30.
Premier League since 12 Oct 1996 Fully foreign starting XIs

Arsenal 123
Manchester City 11
Newcastle United 6
Bolton Wanderers 6
Chelsea 3
Fulham 3
Watford 1
A further illustration of the contrasting fortunes of local players and the

others in the Wenger era is the difference between English and French
players under him. He has used 46 Englishmen for Arsenal in the Premier
League and only 25 Frenchmen, yet the English players have a combined
appearances total of 2,478, compared to 2,651 for their Gallic pals.
Essentially the Frenchmen, with a few exceptions (hello, David Grondin),
have been key personnel whereas a lot of the English have been subjected to
try and goodbye policy, with nine of them playing just one league game
under Wenger (step forward Lee Harper, Ryan Garry, Matthew Rose, David
Bentley, Nico Yennaris, Julian Gray, Jay Emmanuel-Thomas, Ian Selley and
Isaiah Rankin).
At the other end of the involvement scale, the Frenchman used most often
by Wenger in the Premier League is Patrick Vieira, with 276 appearances,
whereas Theo Walcott occupies the same role for the English contingent with
264. Different players, different eras, same manager.
Le Sportif du Mind
Although in recent seasons Arsène Wenger’s chief battles seem to have been
with his own legacy and some of Arsenal’s more vocal supporters, his early
period saw him engage in managerial skirmishes on an epic scale. The first
manager in the Premier League era to successfully rattle Alex Ferguson,
Wenger spent much of the 2000s fighting a culture war against rudimentary
battle-masters like Sam Allardyce, Tony Pulis and Mark Hughes, most of
whom enjoyed cold war support from the Old Trafford superpower.
Ferguson’s antipathy to Wenger was powered by the sores of defeat, with
the Frenchman recording a highly respectable record of W11 D7 L7 against
United in his first 25 games against them. In the subsequent 33 matches (a
period that includes Ferguson’s less than stellar successors) Arsenal have
won just seven times (D8 L18, including the 8–2 demolition at Old Trafford).
The decline in Wenger’s ability to beat United was exactly in step with a
change in Ferguson’s stance towards his rival, from loathing to mild
fondness. By the early 2010s, nearly all the poison had disappeared from the
fixture, along with much of the excitement.
Such was United’s strength, they could threaten Wenger’s team in any
stadium. With most of his other keen rivalries, though, it was only once you
could prise Arsenal away from their comfortable home in trendy Islington
that you could start to undermine them. The Britannia (now bet365) Stadium
and the Reebok (now Macron) Stadium were opened within days of each
other in 1997 and both turned into cauldrons of doom for Wenger, with his
teams invariably unable to cope with a long-ball barrage from the Trotters
and long-throw flak from the Potters. Arsenal’s 4–1 win at Stoke at the tail
end of 2016–17 was only the second time they’d won there in 10 Premier
League trips, and it is still the stadium where they have the lowest win
percentage under Wenger, lower than Stamford Bridge, Anfield and Old
Trafford (if you include cup semi-finals for the latter).
The manager Wenger has found hardest to cope with, though, is José
Mourinho. Clashes between them have often sunk below the already fairly
modest accepted-nature-of-behaviour standards, with Mourinho calling
Wenger a ‘voyeur’ and a ‘specialist in failure’ at different points, and Wenger
saying that ‘when you give success to stupid people, it makes them more
stupid sometimes and not more intelligent’ in response to the Portuguese’s
barbs.
One of Mourinho’s more memorable statements about the Arsenal
manager came in 2008. ‘The English like statistics a lot,’ he said. ‘Do they
know that Arsène Wenger has only 50 per cent of wins in the English
league?’ I think we can join hands and hope that the first part of that is true,
but it’s certain that the second part is not. Even in 2017, with Arsenal having
finished in the top two only once in a decade, Wenger’s win percentage was
still 58 per cent; lower than Mourinho’s (63 per cent) but the fifth best of any
manager to have taken charge of more than 100 Premier League games. With
Wenger rapidly approaching 800 matches, that is no mean feat.
A rivalry on a much less poisonous scale is the one with Liverpool, which
generally has been conducted entirely on the field of play. Games between
the sides in the Premier League era, particularly when compared to the late
1980s and early 1990s when they did have an edge to them, have been
notable for nothing more sinister than excitement and drama, with the fixture
having more 90th-minute goals than any other, as well as the most hattricks
and the most missed penalties.
The master of the FA Cup

If there is one competition that has treated Arsène Wenger with an almost
unfailing kindness it’s the FA Cup. In the 2010s, when Arsenal were engaged
in an endless circular season of crashing out of the Champions League and
then skulking back in by finishing in the Premier League’s top four, a pair of
FA Cup wins in 2014 and 2015 gave Wenger some breathing space. Failure
to win the cup for a third season in a row in 2016 was lessened by a rare
second-place finish in the league, and just as the howls of derision reached
fever pitch in 2017, Arsenal and Wenger went and landed the cup once more.
Seven FA Cup wins – 1998, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2014, 2015, 2017 – makes
Wenger the most successful FA Cup manager in the game’s history and puts
him level with Liverpool, Chelsea and Aston Villa, while 5.1 per cent of FA
Cups, first held in 1872, have had Wenger in charge of the winning team.
Stick a pin in most major FA Cup events of the past 20 years and you’ll
find Wenger lurking. The last semi-final that went to a replay? Wenger’s
Arsenal falling to Ryan Giggs’s hirsute wonder goal at Villa Park in 1999.
The first final to go to a penalty shoot-out? Arsenal against Manchester
United in 2005, a match in which the Invincibles adopted a very un-Wenger
like defensive posture to secure what would be their last trophy for nine
years.
Wenger’s karma in the FA Cup seems to be stronger than in any other
competition, possibly stemming from his decision in 1999 to offer Sheffield
United a replay after Kanu and Overmars combined to score after the Blades
had put the ball out of play because of an injury to their own player. Arsenal
won the replayed fifth-round tie 2–1 and Wenger’s ultimate reward was
seemingly to be forever spared that most painful of experiences for a manager
of a big club; a third-round FA Cup exit. The 2016–17 campaign was
Wenger’s 21st in the FA Cup and he has successfully reached the fourth
round in every one. For a long time he enjoyed the same luck against teams
from a lower division, progressing in 28 consecutive ties before Blackburn
won 1–0 at the Emirates in 2013. Since then, though, the business of
domination has resumed, with 10 successive wins against teams from lower
in the pyramid, including two non-league sides, Sutton and Lincoln, en route
to the 2017 win.
Perhaps the one negative about Wenger’s placid mastery of the FA Cup is
that it has gone hand-in-hand with the decline of the FA Cup song. Before the
1998 final, the team recorded the seminal ‘Hot Stuff’, which was one of the
last football songs to break into the top 10 in the charts (reaching No. 9), but
no subsequent Arsenal cup final appearance has been accompanied by an
official recording, an increasingly archaic practice that now seems to belong
to lower division clubs who reach the final and enjoy their brief moment in
the spotlight with all the traditional trimmings. What the world would give
for a late-era Wenger singing with gusto on a song.
Style Council
Arsenal and non-Arsenal fans alike can see that the way the team played in,
say, 2003–04, is different to how they did in 2016–17. Performance data 13
years ago was more limited than it is now but there are certain metrics that
you can compare across the whole period.
Generally, the impression is of a team functioning in a fairly consistent
fashion going forward across the period, particularly when it comes to shots.
An average of 5.8 shots on target per game in 2003–04 is similar to 5.6 in
2015–16, just with a big zero in the league defeats column. Where there is a
change it is either mirroring the Premier League generally (increased number
of passes, fewer fouls) or defensively. It’s notable that the last time Arsenal
conceded fewer than 30 goals in a season, they won the title. Defences win
you honours, something that Wenger seemed to forget for a long while,
barely adjusting his approach until Arsenal’s Champions League
qualification looked in jeopardy in the second half of 2016–17.
In the final few weeks of the season the manager switched to a back three
(coincidentally or not, in the same season a team playing with a back three
won the Premier League title), his biggest tactical shift for a decade. Whether
it was a sticking plaster in a difficult moment (Arsenal won seven of their
eight Premier League games in this set-up and defeated Chelsea in a rare FA
Cup final battle of two teams playing with a back three) or a permanent
change, is something we will discover in 2017–18.
Nine nine nein
Wenger is too urbane a man to believe in curses and hocuspocus (he seemed
to lose faith in Manuel Almunia only after the Spanish goalkeeper claimed
his house was haunted), but there is something deeply unsettling about the
No. 9 shirt in his time at Arsenal. The incumbent when Wenger arrived was
Paul Merson, whose best days at the Gunners were behind him. A season
later the shirt was inherited by Nicolas Anelka, who scored 23 goals in 61
games across 1997–98 and 1998–99. The No. 9 was being honoured in the
correct manner, Arsenal had a new hero, the Premier League had a deadly
new predator in its midst.
Except … Anelka agitated for and got a big move to Real Madrid in 1999,
the start of a series of summers in which La Liga giants would sift through
Arsenal’s collection of well-regarded players, nodding imperceptibly at the
ones they favoured, like a farmer buying livestock at an auction. With Anelka
gone, the shirt was inherited by Davor Šuker, an unusual signing for Wenger
given that the Croatian was at the tail-end of his career. Eight goals in 22
games wasn’t a terrible return from Šuker, but he won only 10 of his games,
emblematic of a spell when Arsenal were inconsistent and thus unable to
challenge peak-ScholesGiggsKeaneBeckham Manchester United.
It was after Šuker’s departure that the No. 9 shirt really hit problems,
though, with Wenger handing it to Francis Jeffers in a summer of ostentatious
reconstruction in 2001. ‘He is obsessed with scoring goals,’ Wenger
proclaimed, which might have been true at that point (18 in 49 as a youngster
at Everton) but obsession turned into obstruction in Jeffers’ laborious Arsenal
career, with the forward scoring only four goals in two seasons with the
Gunners, and only a paltry three after that in the remainder of his Premier
League career with Everton, Charlton and Blackburn. To make stark matters
even starker, Arsenal sealed the Jeffers deal on the same day Chelsea signed
Frank Lampard.
As Jeffers was ushered on, the Arsenal No. 9 needed a strong reboot and it
looked like it had one when Wenger gave it to quick Andalusian José
Antonio Reyes, who not only joined Arsenal midway through the glorious
2003–04 season but didn’t do a Faustino Asprilla and torpedo their title bid.
Reyes’s subsequent time at Arsenal was a curious mix of excellent (16 goals,
21 assists and 42 wins in 69 Premier League appearances) and not-so-
excellent, with stories of homesickness and a lack of understanding with
certain team-mates apparently behind his departure to Real Madrid in 2006.
In return Arsenal received, on loan, Júlio Bapista, a man who, a four-goal
League Cup burst at Anfield aside, did not honour the No. 9 shirt adequately.
In fact, those four goals at Liverpool were more than he managed in 24
league appearances for the Gunners.
Eduardo was the next recipient of the No. 9 and, though blameless for his
career-threatening injury at the hands of Martin ‘Tiny’ Taylor at
Birmingham, it was nonetheless more petrol on the fire of conspiracy about
this particular squad number. Wenger’s next move was to give it to South
Korean Park Chu-young, whose entire Premier League career consisted of six
minutes in a 2–1 home defeat to Manchester United.
The first post-Park occupant of the shirt was an improvement (it’s difficult
to see how he could have done any worse), with zany German Lukas
Podolski providing 19 goals and 11 assists in 60 Premier League games but
never really gaining the trust of his manager, something that also seems to be
the case with the current No. 9, Lucas Pérez, who scored just once in 11
league games in 2016–17, although he did make pesto out of Basel with a
hat-trick against the Swiss in the Champions League.
Overall, it seems vaguely appropriate that a manager as determined as
Wenger has been to tear up certain traditions, has turned the No. 9 shirt,
possibly the most traditional garment in the English game, into a carousel of
bit-partism. Far from locating a fox in the box, Wenger instead found a series
of lone wolves who struggled to fit into his vision for the club.
We also shouldn’t forget a darker side to Wenger’s character – a
willingness to hand out inappropriate squad numbers: from midfielder Abou
Diaby emerging from the medical centre to play in the No. 2 shirt, right-back
Bacary Sagna wearing No. 3; from Nicklas Bendtner in the appropriately
outlandish 52 (rumoured to reference his £52k a week wage) to, worst of all,
centre-half William Gallas wearing No. 10 (echoing Steve Bould wearing the
no. 10 shirt in Arsenal’s title winning game at Anfield in May 1989.) A No.
10 should be wily and creative rather than sitting furiously in the centre circle
at St Andrew’s.
The European question

If the FA Cup makes Wenger feel like Superman, then ventures overseas in
the continental cups are the kryptonite that turns the grandiose Frenchman
into an ordinary citizen. It’s realistic to suggest that Arsenal should, or could,
have at least three European honours under their long-serving manager
(defeat in the UEFA Cup final in 2000, the Champions League final in 2006
and the missed opportunity in the 2003–04 edition), and yet the Gunners’ last
international honour was the 1994 Cup Winners’ Cup.
Astoundingly, or perhaps not, Wenger’s total of 86 wins in the Champions
League is the second highest number in the competition’s history (1992–
present), behind only Alex Ferguson and ahead of numerous men who have
led teams to the ultimate prize. The next highest number of wins by a
manager not to have won the Champions League is 36, by Mircea Lucescu, a
full 50 fewer than Wenger, while, as the sun set on the 2016–17 season,
Wenger had two more Champions League match wins than Pep Guardiola
and Diego Simeone combined.
With time running out to land a European pot, Wenger’s entry into the
Europa League in 2017–18 might be the slice of variety that he has been
looking for after years of drudge in the Champions League. As it stands, he
remains the only manager to lose in the final of all three major UEFA
competitions (Champions League and UEFA Cup with Arsenal, Cup
Winners’ Cup with Monaco); a unique if unwanted record.
The comebacks
Let’s not get hysterical, all football teams record both comebacks and see
opponents come back against them. That said, Wenger’s Arsenal have
extreme form in both, going from the sublime (4–0 down to Reading in the
League Cup and winning 7–5) to the ridiculous (4–0 up against Newcastle in
2011 but drawing the game 4–4, the only time a team has failed to win from a
four-goal lead in the Premier League).
Les cartes rouge

The classic Anglo-Saxon boo has become more prevalent at the Emirates in
recent seasons, even though Wenger’s teams of the 2010s seem increasingly
unlikely to do the same to geese or other waterfowl. A lot has changed, then,
since the late 1990s and early 2000s when Arsenal and red cards went hand
in hand. It seemed as if the Gunners were reduced to 10 men almost every
week, their aggressive players excused by their professorial leader, much to
the manufactured outrage of the ex-professionals sitting in television studios,
many of whom regularly launched their own legs into far worse situations
than any created by the Arsenal men.
Even now Arsenal’s lead, in the Wenger era, in the number of games won
when having a man (or men) sent off is striking; more than twice as many as
Manchester United and 14 clear of their nearest rivals in this arena, Chelsea.
There’s a reasonable argument that the modern game’s advanced fitness and
modern humans’ increased physical size means that the 11 versus 11
blueprint, decided upon nearly 200 years ago, is outmoded and that a football
game involving 20 players would be a better spectacle than one with 22.
Either way, there has rarely been a better example of a team functioning well
with 10 players than Arsenal under Arsène Wenger. The move from
Highbury to the lush pastures of the Emirates seemed to reduce this
capability a little, but even so Arsenal still managed three red-card wins in
2016–17, including on the final day against Everton. The force is strong in
these ones.
1996–present Wins after recieving a red

card
Arsenal 31
Chelsea 17
Everton 15
Liverpool 15
Manchester City 14
Manchester 14
United
The broken legacy?

The number of Premier League players born after Wenger’s first game as
Arsenal manager currently stands at 59. His reign pre-dates the invention of
Wi-Fi by a year and Google by two. Wenger has managed Arsenal for 16 per
cent of their existence and has won seven of their record 13 FA Cups. He
revolutionised not only his own club but the English game in terms of
recruitment, style and ambition, and he even has an asteroid – (33179)
Arsènewenger – named after him.
Yet Wenger will begin the 2017–18 season as a man who knows that a
sizeable proportion of the Arsenal fan-base are itching to see him move on,
despite a haul of three FA Cups in four years. Myriad disappointments and
various perceived slights over the past decade have produced a crescendo of
anger, although at least some of the opprobrium has now been redirected
towards the club’s board.
It’s hard to work out whether this is unfair with numbers alone but I think
Wenger’s time at Arsenal, the nature of modern football fans and the FA
Cup’s decline in prestige can be glimpsed in the table below. The manager’s
win percentage in the second half of his career is almost exactly the same as it
was in the first half. The difference is the number of trophies won. A few
miles up the road, Tottenham continue to profess that the game is about glory
but ultimately, whether you support Arsenal, Barcelona or Sittingbourne, the
game is about trophies. Wenger has won a lot of them but the sense that he is
unlikely to win another Premier League is overpoweringly infuriating to too
many people. Sir Alex Ferguson departed with a fresh league title on the
table; does Arsenal’s record-breaking manager have it in him to do the same?
Is it still called the Premiership? I STILL HEAR THE NAME BUT I

DON’T PLAY THE GAME
Champions: Manchester City
Relegated: Cardiff City, Fulham, Norwich City
Top scorer: Luis Suárez (31)
Most assists: Steven Gerrard (13)
Biggest win: Manchester City 7–0 Norwich
Overview
Welcome to the goal frenzy. For the first time since 1986–87, an English
league season kicked off without Alex Ferguson and everyone went potty. No
one outside the most ardent of Liverpool fan websites and the brain of
Brendan Rodgers predicted that Brendan Rodgers’ Liverpool would
challenge for the title, let alone still stand a chance of landing it in May. José
Mourinho had returned to Chelsea, Arsenal were hoping to mark the 10th
anniversary of getting a golden Premier League trophy by winning a silver
one and Manchester City were determined to make amends for their weak
defence of the title in 2012–13 and could also boast a new manager, the
jovially taciturn Manuel Pellegrini.
And then there was Manchester United. David Moyes’s Manchester
United. ‘Your job now is to stand by the new manager,’ Ferguson had
asked/pleaded/demanded at the end of the previous campaign, forgetting that
football fans, like chairmen, judge managers on performance rather than
recommendations from a legend. Moyes began his Premier League adventure
with United by winning 4–1 at Swansea to go top of the table, but four points
from the next five games batted the bewildered champions down into 12th;
they would not trouble the top four for the rest of the season.
Old Trafford, that ancient cathedral of dominance, staged seven home
defeats in the league (six under Moyes, one under caretaker Ryan Giggs), the
highest number since 1973–74, while their final position of seventh was the
lowest Premier League champions had finished since Blackburn in 1995–96
(unwittingly, United were starting a trend for reigning title holders to
implode, a blueprint followed faithfully by Chelsea in 2015–16 and Leicester
in 2016–17).
In place of a dominant Manchester United was a thrilling title race, one
featuring 25 leadership changes, 21 more than there had been in the previous
campaign. The contenders were Arsenal, who led for all but a few days from
September through until February, Liverpool and Manchester City, whose
prospects looked turgid both in the autumn, before a run of 11 wins from 12
over the festive period and into the new year, and again when they lost a
pulsating, era-defining game at Anfield in April. But five successive wins at
the campaign’s conclusion edged City to their second crown in three seasons,
the starkest illustration of their improvement being the fact that, after taking
four points from their first six away games, they then picked up 30 from the
remaining 13.
Mourinho’s Chelsea, meanwhile, acted as brooding kingmakers, winning
home and away against both Manchester City and Liverpool, their win at
Anfield a psychological misericord through Liverpool’s (title-yearning) heart.
Steven Gerrard’s slip is the everlasting image from the match, but his team’s
ferocious approach to the game (understandable, given that their total of 59
first-half goals was not only a Premier League record but also more than 14
clubs managed in total) was unnecessary, given that a draw against the
Londoners would have maintained Liverpool’s advantage with two games to
go. The sheer goalscoring muscle of the top two defined the season, though,
with City scoring 102 goals and Liverpool just one fewer. It was the first time
that two or more sides had reached three figures since 1960–61, and Luis
Suárez equalled the Premier League record of 31 goals in a 38-game season
(10 of them in December alone, and five against Norwich; 2.4 per cent of all
the goals Norwich have conceded in the Premier League have been to Suárez)
held by Alan Shearer and Cristiano Ronaldo, but without any penalties. Over
at the Etihad, Yaya Touré became only the second central midfielder to score
20 or more goals in a single campaign. It really was that sort of season.
At the bottom, Cardiff’s first season in the top flight since 1962 ended with
the Welsh side finishing bottom (certain people’s dreams of a top flight
containing only 18 English teams sort of came true in 2013–14). Owner
Vincent Tan had caused outrage in the principality’s capital by changing the
club’s home colours from blue to red, on the basis that the latter was seen as a
more dynamic tint, yet, not only did his club finish bottom, no team clad in
red has become champions of England since Cardiff reached the Premier
League.
Martin O’Wngoal
Liverpool maintained a title challenge despite conceding 50 goals (had they
succeeded they’d have been the first champions to concede that many since
Ipswich in 1962), and one of their own, Martin Skrtel, was responsible for
four of them, a number that remains a Premier League record for a single
season. The Slovakian countered his reverse prowess by scoring seven times
at the right end, meaning that he ended with a Premier League career-best
personal goal difference of plus 3.
Play like Fergie’s boys

Two numbers hover hauntingly above David Moyes’s (almost full) season at
Manchester United. The first is the 81 crosses the team mechanically
delivered against Fulham at Old Trafford in February, to no avail. A record
for any Premier League game Opta has analysed, Fulham defender Dan
Burn’s dismissal of United’s tactics as reminiscent of the Conference was one
of the thousand (and 81) cuts that slowly drained Moyes’s footballing
lifeblood. Another was the fact that he named a unique starting XI in all 51
games he took charge of. There are impromptu holiday five-a-side teams with
more consistency than that.
13 seconds
Not only were there three goals scored after just 13 seconds in 2013–14, but
one of them came from Stoke goalkeeper Asmir Begovic´, the fifth and so far
last goalkeeper to register a goal in the Premier League. In what was a
landmark season for the No. 13, Steven Gerrard became the only player in the
competition’s history to score exactly 13 goals and provide 13 assists in the
same season. Thirteen, viewed as unlucky in many countries and cultures,
seemed to have no ill effect at all on Gerrard’s season. Definitely not.
Verdict
With more (hashtag) narrative and intrigue than many other league
campaigns combined, 2013–14 rides high as one of the very best seasons the
Premier League has produced. Manchester United’s rapid decline post-
Ferguson made it seem very different but, with Arsenal imploding in the
spring and Liverpool failing to end their title drought, deep down it was
reassuringly familiar.
Is it still called the Premiership? IN SCOTLAND, YEAH
Champions: Chelsea
Relegated: Queens Park Rangers, Burnley, Hull City
Top scorer: Sergio Agüero (26)
Most assists: Cesc Fàbregas (18)
Biggest win: Southampton 8–0 Sunderland
Overview
The charm before the storm. After the twists and turns of 2013–14, Chelsea,
led by José Mourinho, the man who they have sacked twice, went hard and
went early, remaining top from the end of August all the way through to the
season’s end nine months later. In total, the Blues topped the table for a
Premier League record 274 days and, while defending champions Manchester
City kept pace until Christmas, they slowly fell behind during the new year,
leaving Chelsea to complete a functional and somewhat grey run-in.
There was an (accurate) sense that Chelsea were fading by the season’s
conclusion (they scored only 19 goals in their final 14 games after rattling
home the same amount in their first six matches), but they still lost only three
times all campaign (only twice before the confirmation of the title). New
signings Diego Costa and Cesc Fàbregas were star performers, with Fàbregas
recording 18 assists, more than he ever had in a single season for Arsenal,
although he did end the season with a wondrously niche red card for pinging
the ball at Chris Brunt’s head during a penalty box melee at the Hawthorns.
Mourinho also managed to get one last productive season out of his
pugnacious muse John Terry, who became the top-scoring defender in
Premier League history and also played every minute of every game,
becoming only the second outfield player to do so for a championship-
winning team after Gary Pallister in 1992–93 (Leicester’s Wes Morgan
would match this achievement a year later).
Of the other contributors to the drama the previous season, Liverpool,
shorn of Luis Suárez, looked dysfunctional. After the Boxing Day fixtures,
the Reds were down in ninth with a W-D-L record of 7-4-7 but the only jets
were coming from Steven Gerrard’s ears as he realised his final opportunity
of winning a Premier League title was evaporating. By the end of the
campaign, Liverpool had mustered only 52 goals, the total Suárez and Daniel
Sturridge had plundered between them a year earlier, while in Gerrard’s final
game he, fittingly, scored the team’s only goal in a 6–1 debunking at Stoke,
the first time the Reds had let in six or more goals in a league game since
1963.
Meanwhile Arsenal, with Alexis Sánchez the first player since Thierry
Henry to score 20 or more goals in his debut season with the club, started
underwhelmingly but won 13 of their last 18 games to once again finish
comfortably in the Champions-League-last-16-inevitable-defeat qualifying
positions.
At the bottom, the mundanity was provided by QPR, who became the first
team since Liverpool in 1953–54 to lose each of their first 11 away games,
while the sensationalism was provided by Leicester, who spent a record 140
days on the bottom of the table without going down, while also becoming the
first and so far only Premier League team to come from two goals behind
against Manchester United and win. Was there hidden potential in this rag-
tag bunch of Midlanders? (Incidentally, the game between QPR and Leicester
in November contained a record 52 shots but a combined passing accuracy of
only 72 per cent. Is this good? Bad? No one can say.) Hull and Burnley
joined QPR in demotion, the Clarets’ strange influence on Chelsea’s title
hopes (in their three seasons in the Premier League, the Londoners have won
the title) continuing.

Three-minute warning
Even though there were no friendly data companies to record the exact timing
of Robbie Fowler’s hat-trick against Arsenal in 1994, rudimentary digital
watches did exist and it was generally agreed to have taken four minutes and
33 seconds. Fewer than five minutes to score three goals in one of the
toughest leagues; surely this would never be beaten. But it was, by Sadio
Mané in May 2015, when he slammed (and if you score three goals in fewer
than three minutes you definitely slammed) home three goals for
Southampton against Tim Sherwood’s Aston Villa. It came barely more than
a month after Yannick Bolasie had scored an 11-minute hat-trick against
Sunderland, although compared to Mané’s efforts, that looks sickeningly
pedestrian. Liverpool, reeling from the loss of their precious fastest hat-trick
record, waited 12 months (31,536,000 seconds) and then signed Mané for
themselves.
The beginning of the twist

In the 20th century, Sunderland won three league titles and two FA Cups but
the 21st has been less kind to the north-east side, instead condemning them to
some of the most repetitive relegation battles ever seen (and re-seen). They
did at least achieve something in 2014–15, other than a late recovery to
escape demotion, and that was the Premier League record for the number of
yellow cards in a single season: 94. No one could provoke bookings like the
Black Cats in this campaign, with Lee Cattermole leading the way, equalling
the individual record of 14 in a solitary season and making sure that all 14 of
those cautions were for good, honest, English fouls. No dissent, abusive
language or continental shirt removal here.
Jump start
As this book has hopefully illustrated, there are many elements of football
that are surprising, but there are many things that are just as they should be,
and that includes the fact that Peter Crouch has scored more headed goals
than any other player in Premier League history. The lofty forward overtook
Alan Shearer’s previous record of 46 in May 2015, although he then
celebrated his unmatched aerial prowess by failing to register a single goal
(headed or otherwise) in 2015–16.
Verdict
While Chelsea’s play in the autumn was occasionally thrilling, and their fans
certainly celebrated their fourth Premier League title with the reverence a
championship deserves, compared to the unpredictable events of the previous
campaign, and given what was to unfold in 2015–16, this remains one of the
dourer Premier League terms. Ultimately, this was the season that José
Mourinho matched Arsène Wenger’s total of three English titles but neither
of them looked particularly happy about it.
Is it still called the Premiership? LEICESTER HAVE NEVER WON THE

PREMIERSHIP
Champions: Leicester City
Relegated: Aston Villa, Norwich City, Newcastle United
Top scorer: Harry Kane (25)
Most assists: Mesut Özil (19)
Biggest win: Aston Villa 0–6 Liverpool
Overview
Well now. So many aspects of 2015–16 have been nostalgically hardwired
into the nation’s consciousness that it’s hard to know where to start or finish,
but let’s at least try to sum up possibly the most radical football campaign in
the sport’s entire history (NB, excluding some unusual Scandinavian second-
tier season you have bookmarked on rsssf.com). Leicester City, the escapees
of 2014–15 and tipped to struggle once more a season on, especially after
replacing the corporal tactician Nigel Pearson with line-up rotation aide
Claudio Ranieri, went and won the Premier League title.
Before 2015–16 Leicester had topped the division for a mere 13 days, the
result of a brief flowering in the autumn of 2000. By the end of 2015–16 that
number had increased to 162 and Wes Morgan had done in two seasons what
Steven Gerrard had failed to do in 17.
The bare facts of the Foxes’ glorious campaign are this: they had the
second lowest pass completion (70.5 per cent), the third lowest average
possession figure (42.4 per cent), the greatest points-per-game increase from
one top-flight season to another in the English game’s history (1.05) until
Chelsea did even better in 2016–17 (1.13), the second lowest number of
starting XI changes by a Premier League champion (33, second only to
Manchester United in 1992–93 when rotation was something only the earth
did), the fewest number of players used in 2015–16 (23), the longest run of
goals in successive Premier League games by a single player (11, by Jamie
Vardy) and the player with the most tackles and interceptions (N’Golo
Kanté). They became the first new champions since Nottingham Forest in
1978 and won a joint Premier League record 13 penalties. Add these things
together and bake and you’ll have a fruity title success to enjoy.
Elsewhere (there were, in fact, 19 other teams taking part in the Premier
League in 2015–16), Chelsea posted a title defence that was as bad as
Leicester’s title challenge was surprising, ending the season in 10th. The
Blues, who had conceded as many goals after five games as they had after 32
matches in 2004–05, were in 16th after they succumbed to the Foxes’ New
Power Generation in mid-December, a game that meant José Mourinho’s
second spell ended like his first, with the bullet. The Stamford Bridge players
then reacted by going on a 15-game unbeaten run, the longest by any club
that season.
Manchester United continued their post-Ferguson malaise under Louis van
Gaal by scoring only 49 league goals, the first time they’d dipped under 50
since 1989–90. By way of comparison, in their treble season of 1998–99,
United scored 48 goals in the cups alone. Although they came second,
Arsenal were possibly the biggest losers of 2015–16. In a campaign when
nearly all of the big clubs were taking a fallow year, the Gunners should have
mopped up a long-awaited fourth title under Arsène Wenger, but instead of
surging onwards after beating Leicester at home on a selfie-soaked
Valentine’s Day, they proceeded to lose two games in a row and leave
Tottenham alone to unsuccessfully pursue the Foxes.
Exit means exit

Aston Villa’s relegation in 2015–16 reduced the number of ever-presents in
the Premier League to six but whereas once it would have been a real surprise
to see the 1982 European Cup winners drop into the second tier, by 2016 it
looked an act of mercy. In 2014–15 Villa scored only 31 league goals, at the
time a record low, but a season on they could manage only a gruel-thin 27, a
total that they cashed in for a paltry 17 points, fewer than they had ever
recorded in a single season (even in the two-points-for-a-win days). While six
points higher than Derby in 2007–08, and two higher than Sunderland in
2005–06, Villa’s abjectness was demonstrated by the fact that they lost 11
successive games between February and April and led for just 243 minutes
all season, a record low. They even went two games without a corner in
February.
Finest worksong
The 2015–16 campaign began with many people convinced that Tottenham’s
Harry Kane was a one-season wonder. He ended it at the very least as a two-
season wonder (then transformed into a three-season wonder in 2016–17) and
the first Englishman to end the season as top scorer (Kane scored 25 goals, 15
of which came away from home) in England since Kevin Phillips in 2000. He
also became the fifth Englishman to score 20 or more goals in consecutive
Premier League campaigns (after Alan Shearer, Andy Cole, Les Ferdinand
and Robbie Fowler), started and finished all 38 games for his club yet ended
the campaign taking corners for England at Euro 2016, possibly not the best
use of him by erstwhile national manager Roy Hodgson.
Treble trouble
‘Get Victor’ was the whispered instruction at the referees’ secret lair deep
inside Discipline Mountain in summer 2015. We don’t have actual evidence
for this but we do know that Victor Wanyama became only the seventh
player in Premier League history to receive three red cards in a single season,
alongside such aggro luminaries as Vinnie Jones, Slaven Bilic´, David Batty
and Franck Queudrue. Confused moralists who maintain that crime doesn’t
pay should note that Wanyama then sealed a lucrative transfer to Tottenham
Hotspur in June 2016. The crazed agitators holed up in Discipline Mountain,
meanwhile, were forced back to the drawing board.
Verdict
Leicester City won the Premier League and no one could believe it or
logically explain it. But every now and then people across the UK would
come to a halt in the street, stop quietly and try to come to terms with the fact
that the Foxes were champions of England. As an advert for the majestic
appeal of sport, it was certainly a good one.
9.
Is it still called the Premiership? COME ON, IT DOESN’T EVEN HAVE

A TITLE SPONSOR NOW
Champions: Chelsea
Relegated: Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Hull City
Top scorer: Harry Kane (29)
Most assists: Kevin De Bruyne (18)
Biggest win: Hull City 1–7 Tottenham Hotspur
Overview
London, can you wait? All the talk as 2016–17 approached was about how
Manchester was the new capital of English football, with José Mourinho and
Pep Guardiola, the Morrissey and Marr of the 21st-century European
coaching community, now jamming in the same city. What difference would
it make? The answer was: not much. Instead, the nation’s capital provided the
top two for just the third time in top-flight history, after Arsenal and Chelsea
exchanged first and second places in 2003–04 and 2004–05.
This time it was Chelsea in first, seven points clear of Tottenham, who
were eight points clear of the rest. Don’t worry about minding the gap, but do
watch out for the chasm. Chelsea’s triumph wasn’t predicted by many at the
start of the season but, under new manager Antonio Conte, they exerted a
firm grip on the division with 13 successive wins between 1 October and
New Year’s Eve. It equalled the record run of consecutive top-flight wins in a
single season, before defeat to Tottenham on 4 January prevented them
matching Arsenal’s all-time record of 14. It was the fourth successive season
that Conte had led a team to a league title.
It became apparent in the spring that Spurs, Leicester’s closest challengers
a year earlier (despite finishing third), were the only team able to live with
Conte’s title hunt. After losing away at Liverpool in February, Tottenham
won 12 of their final 13 Premier League games, yet still came a decent
distance behind the new champions. A run of four successive draws in
October and early November was what ultimately hamstrung Spurs, although
their total of 86 points would have been enough to win the Premier League in
11 previous campaigns and their final goal difference of plus 60 (boosted by
plus 11 in the final two games) is the biggest recorded by a Premier League
team who didn’t win the title. It’s even more impressive when you consider
that their overall goal difference for the previous 24 Premier League seasons
combined is only plus 110.
They also remained unbeaten at White Hart Lane for the first time in a
league season since 1964–65. The old ground must have smiled quietly to
itself at the wondrous scenes unfolding, the wan grin turning to fear as the
first bulldozers shattered both the peace and the foundations. Whether
Tottenham can remain as strong while having to play 38 away games in
2017–18 (their 19 ‘home’ games will take place at Wembley, where they
struggled in Champions League matches in 2016–17) remains to be seen.
Cruelly, despite being the second-best team of the season and arguably the
most attractive to watch, Tottenham did not spend a single day on top of the
table, something enjoyed by lowly Hull City among others, and they also had
to watch Chelsea and Arsenal pick up the two major domestic honours. After
third place in 2015–16, and then second in 2016–17, Spurs will aim to
become only the third team in English top-flight history to pay tribute to Ted
Rogers (Google it) by finishing 3–2–1 in successive seasons, after
Sunderland between 1900–1902 and Manchester United between 2005–2007.
Chelsea’s consistency was as stark as their decline had been a season
earlier, the team recording a 100 per cent win record in the league in August,
October, November, December, March and May. The key gap in that run of
months is September when, after taking one point from three games against
Swansea, Liverpool and Arsenal, Chelsea sat in eighth place and looked to be
suffering from the same mysterious malaise that did for Mourinho 12 months
earlier. Conte’s decision to switch to a back three during the Arsenal game
not only stemmed the swarming Gunners, who had galloped to an early 3–0
lead, but crystallised his approach for the remainder of the campaign. Chelsea
started in their new shape for the next match and proceeded to win 27 of their
remaining 32 league games. (Arsenal experienced a similar improvement
when Arsène Wenger cast off decades of his own traditions by switching to a
back three for the final eight games, of which they won seven, before beating
Chelsea at their own game in the FA Cup final.)
Scattered defeats throughout the season to Liverpool, Arsenal, Tottenham
and Manchester United do not matter when you win virtually every other
match. Chelsea ended the campaign with 30 wins from 38 games, the first
time any team has recorded this many in a 20-team top-flight season, and
something done in the 42-game era only twice, by Tottenham in 1960–61 and
Liverpool in 1978–79.
The Blues now have the top two points totals in English top-flight history
(95 in 2004–05 and 93 in 2016–17) and remain the top-scoring team in a
Premier League campaign (103 in 2009–10). For a club accused by some fans
of rival teams as having no history, Chelsea sure are racking up a lot of …
history. Winners of the league title in each of the last four years in which the
UK has held a general election, Chelsea’s defeat in the cup final removed a
modicum of shine from a strong and stable season, but only a little.
For the glamour twins, Mourinho and Guardiola, Premier League
ambitions were abandoned fairly early, although anyone, myself included,
who had tipped City for the title were feeling comfortable when Guardiola
nudged them into winning their opening 10 games of the season across all
competitions, just one short of Tottenham’s record of 11 set in 1960. But in
the global super-manager showdown that the Premier League resembled in
2016–17, Guardiola, hitherto a domestic god in Spain and Germany, was
about to be bested by Antonio Conte and others. The Chelsea manager
became the first manager to engineer home and away league victories against
a Guardiola team in the same campaign, while Everton’s Ronald Koeman
saw his team hand out Pep’s worst ever league reverse when they humbled
City 4–0 in January.
A third-place finish was the first time Guardiola had ended up outside the
top two in his managerial career, but it was three places higher than
Mourinho managed, Manchester United’s sixth place being the first time he
had completed a season as a manager outside the top three. With Bolton
securing promotion from League One in second place, neither Guardiola nor
Mourinho secured the highest finish in a professional league by a team in
Greater Manchester, let alone in the nation they were supposedly about to
dominate.
At the bottom of the table, the relegation battle was a mixture of the usual
suspects and some fresh blood. Sunderland finally succumbed to the sweet
embrace of the Championship in their 10th season since promotion; it had
been a long time coming. Of the eight ever-present teams in that decade since
they came up, the Black Cats had lost 76 more games than any other (181
compared to Everton’s 105). Each year a selection from a seemingly random
pool of managers had kept Sunderland’s heads above the oily relegation
waters but David Moyes, reeling from his torrid spells at Manchester United
and Real Sociedad, rarely looked capable of pulling off what those in the
game term a Ricky Sbragia, and resigned 24 hours after the season had
concluded. Just four years after signing a six-year contract at Manchester
United, Moyes has now been dispensed with by three clubs.
A 4–0 win for Sunderland at former manager Sam Allardyce’s Crystal
Palace in early February looked briefly like a beacon of hope, but it was
merely a lighthouse built on blancmange. The Black Cats failed to score in
the next seven games, and those four strikes at Selhurst Park represented a
third of the team’s goals in the second half of the season. In the end,
Sunderland spent 189 days at the bottom of the table and joined Nottingham
Forest as the only team to end three Premier League seasons there. If you
adjust all seasons for the three-points-for-a-win rule, Sunderland have three
of the 11 lowest points hauls in the top flight since the Second World War.
They still have six league titles in their history, though, as many as Chelsea –
for 12 months at least.
In a bleak season for Yorkshire and the north-east, Middlesbrough and
Hull City joined Sunderland as the most northerly trio to go down in English
top-flight history. With Brighton coming up, and Bournemouth and
Southampton already in situ, the division is in danger of resembling an
unambitious UCAS form, with a dwindling band of representatives from
some of English football’s traditional heartlands. Boro’s issue all season long
was scoring goals. They ended the season with a paltry 27, two fewer than
Golden Boot winner Harry Kane – only the fifth time a team has scored
fewer than a player in the competition’s history.
Hull’s problem was winning their opening two games, which not only
provided them with 18 per cent of their points for the season, but also
persuaded the club to appoint Mike Phelan as their permanent manager, a
decision they reversed in January after he picked up a mere seven points in
the next 18 matches. His Portuguese replacement, Marco Silva, was maligned
by elements of the UK media, largely it seemed because he had never seen
Trooping the Colour or eaten a Kellogg’s Variety Pack, but he nonetheless
collected 21 points in 18 matches, and had his pick of job opportunities in the
summer.
12 Things We May Have Just Learnt About 2016–17
Youth club
The proximity of their final league game to the Europa League final meant
that José Mourinho was always likely to make drastic changes as Manchester
United’s season of seemingly always being in sixth place did end up with
them in sixth. Players such as Scott McTominay and Josh Harrop being in the
starting XI against Crystal Palace helped lower the average age of the team to
22 years and 284 days, United’s youngest ever side in the competition
(despite the brooding presence of club record scorer Wayne Rooney in the
side) and the third youngest of any club. Even better, in the closing few
minutes Angel Gomes came on and became the first player born in 2000 to
appear in the Premier League. Two weeks younger than Dora the Explorer,
Gomes made 13 passes in his cameo, only six fewer than relative veteran
Anthony Martial had made in the entirety of the second half.
Sixth for ever

As mentioned, much of Manchester United’s season was spent in sixth place,
including a run of 104 consecutive days between December and March, a
period in which they did not lose a game. In truth, their unbeaten run of 25
games was one of the least inspiring periods of infallibility in top-flight
history, with 12 of the games ending level and United scoring more than
twice in only four of the matches. The club whose manager at the time
claimed that Arsenal’s 12 draws devalued their unbeaten season in 2003–04
drew 10 matches at Old Trafford in 2016–17, a joint record in the
competition. The Theatre of Dreams had turned into the Theatre of Dra …
(you do the rest).
One of thine own

It’s official: Harry Kane is a top, top player and the numbers more than back
this up. The Golden Boot winner in 2015–16, Kane went into the final week
of the 2016–17 season two goals behind Romelu Lukaku but somehow
plundered seven goals in his final two matches to take his season’s tally to 29
in just 30 appearances. He was the first player to score hat-tricks in
successive Premier League games since Wayne Rooney in 2011, the second
player after Alan Shearer (who registered five in 1995–96) to score four hat-
tricks in a Premier League season and now has as many Premier League hat-
tricks as Cristiano Ronaldo, Gianfranco Zola, Dennis Bergkamp, éric
Cantona, Diego Costa and Gareth Bale combined. With 78 goals in just 116
matches, he just needs one in August (10 appearances, zero goals) to
complete football. Oh, and possibly some sort of trophy.
Flaming June
He could finish only joint fourth in the Golden Boot rankings, the official
main competition of the last week of the 2016–17 season, but Chelsea’s
Diego Costa did win his second league title in three years at the club, as well
as also managing to score in every single month of the season, only the 16th
player to do this in the Premier League era and the first since Charlie Austin
in 2014–15. August to May, then, was peachy, only for June to bring Costa a
text from his manager saying he was no longer in his plans. Spurned.
Snakes on a Midlands plain

Leicester’s decision to sack manager Claudio Ranieri in February led to a
severe outbreak of moral panic. The same people who had said that the key to
the Italian’s shock success in 2015–16 was that he hadn’t changed anything
were now claiming that sacking him was proof that Leicester were doomed.
Predictions that the cruel Foxes were now certain to become only the second
reigning champions of England to be relegated were rife, but instead
caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare won his first five Premier League
games, the first British manager to do this. Such was the turnaround in form
that Leicester became only the second team in Premier League history to
record five wins straight after five successive losses. As the champions eased
themselves back into mid-table, Shakespeare could reflect that all’s well that
ends well, as, measure for measure, he had shown himself to be at least
Ranieri’s equal. The only disappointment came with the team’s exit from the
Champions League at the quarter-final stage, denying them an 11th and 12th
night in the competition.
Be more etc
Zlatan Ibrahimović’s debut season in English football started with rapture
and ended in rupture but in between he carved out enough headlines to justify
his admittedly hefty wage. A goal on his Premier League debut at what used
to be Dean Court continued a run of scoring on his first appearance in Serie
A, La Liga, Ligue 1 and the Champions League, while he also became the
oldest player (at 35 years and 125 days) to reach 15 goals in a Premier
League campaign. Fittingly, in the 25th Premier League season, he was the
man who scored the 25,000th goal in the competition, the landmark strike
coming at Swansea in November.
The only stat that matters

There was an officially recognised glut of goals in 2016–17, the final total
coming in at 1,064, just two short of the record in a 20-team Premier League.
Even the bottom side, Sunderland, had a player with 15 goals (Jermain
Defoe, the second highest total for someone playing for a team finishing
bottom), while five teams scored more than 70 goals (although not the team
with the most expensive player in football history), the first time this had
happened since 1967–68.
JT26–28
The 2015–16 campaign was John Terry’s practice final season for Chelsea,
but 2016–17 was the real deal, although he was rarely more than a heritage
attraction on the touchline, making just nine appearances in the Premier
League, the first time he’d failed to make double figures since 1999–2000.
Naturally, with the title won, Terry featured in Chelsea’s final game of the
season, at home to bottom side Sunderland. Midway through the first half a
generic commotion on the touchline was an indication that a substitution was
about to be made, but this was to be no ordinary switch. Instead, the aim was
to substitute Chelsea’s captain and leader in the 26th minute (his eternal shirt
number), and yet, in a continuation of a trend in modern football, the fourth
official pointedly waited until the clock reached 26:00, the beginning of the
27th minute in other words. Subsequent modernist faffing and glad-handing
meant that by the time Terry left the field of play, the game had reached its
28th minute. Much like his departure from Stamford Bridge, it was all much
later than expected.
Concertina
Everton were a marooned team in 2016–17. Ronald Koeman’s team finished
eight points behind sixth-placed Manchester United and a gigantic 15 ahead
of coastal giants Southampton and Bournemouth in eighth and ninth. In fact,
the gap between Saints in eighth and Watford in 17th was just six points,
meaning that the Premier League was made up of the Big Six, lonely
Everton, a thin spread of 10 scrappers and then the three relegated sides.
Arsenal’s total of 75 points was only enough for fifth place but, in 1996–97,
was the total that champions Manchester United recorded. It seems that the
league within a league now has additional leagues within its leagues.
Crouch/soar
If anyone other than Peter Crouch had the Premier League record for headed
goals then it would be time to give up entirely on the sport, but thankfully he
does. Furthermore, on the final day of the season, his goal for Stoke at
Southampton meant he had reached the blessed landmark of 50 with his
famous skull, drawing him level in the competition with both Ipswich and
Wigan.
Hail César
For many years Gary Pallister would entertain family and friends by
explaining that he was the only outfield player to play every minute of a
season for a team who had won the Premier League. People would take a few
moments to work out what he meant and then applaud him heartily. But Gary
Pallister is sad now. He is sad because his unique record keeps getting
diluted. First, John Terry matched him in 2014–15, then Leicester’s Wes
Morgan in 2015–16 and now César Azpilicueta in 2016–17. Gary Pallister is
impressed by what these three players did but no one applauds him now, not
even when he patiently explains he had to play 42 games rather than 38.
Final roll call

Special mention must go to: Alexis Sánchez for scoring 15 away goals, the
most by an Arsenal player since Ted Drake in 1934–35; to West Brom’s
Salomón Rondón for becoming only the second player after theft
prevention’s Duncan Ferguson to score a hat-trick of headers in the Premier
League; to Dimitri Payet for being West Ham’s most creative player of the
season despite leaving the club in January; to Leighton Baines for becoming
the first defender to assist 50 Premier League goals; and to Michy Batshuayi
for winning the title with his third shot on target of the season and before he
had started a Premier League game for Chelsea.
Verdict
The 25th top-flight season was 1912–13, a campaign that ended with
Sunderland finishing top, and Chelsea and Tottenham in the bottom four
(with Arsenal rock bottom, #WengerOut). Fortunes 104 years later in the
25th Premier League season were a little different but the basic building
blocks were the same – 20 teams, 380 games and a whole lot of goals (an
extra 89 in 1912–13, though). Maybe the 2016–17 edition wasn’t the greatest
of the quarter-century of campaigns since the great schism in 1992, but it
nonetheless offered another solid block of great goals, entertaining matches
and intriguing sub-plots. With 9,746 games and 25,769 goals, the Premier
League has, after all, been a whole new ball game. Here’s to the next 25
years.
10.
The Premier League Glossary
‘Thou whoreson zed, thou unnecessary letter!’
– William Shakespeare, King Lear
Letters and numbers, the eternal battle. But what if you combined them in the
cause of the Premier League? Well, then you’d have the ultimate alphabetical
glossary for the competition. And now you do.
A is for assists. After John Barnes’s home debut for Liverpool in 1987, his
manager Kenny Dalglish said: ‘Barnes did what we expected him to do. He
made a goal, scored one, and entertained.’ Note the choice of words: made a
goal. It’s not as if people before the 1990s didn’t recognise the value of the
assist, they just didn’t use the same terminology. The quantification of assists
began in earnest in the 1990s as fans embraced both computer simulations of
being a football manager and fantasy football. Even so, it’s still hard to find
much mention of assists as a specific term when looking through articles
about the likes of Ryan Giggs and David Beckham from the turn of the
century. Even when Opta recorded Thierry Henry making 20 assists in 2002–
03, a seasonal total that still hasn’t been beaten, it passed under the radar.
Possibly the first player to both exist in and contribute significantly to the
milieu of the assist was Cesc Fàbregas. Even though the Spaniard spent three
seasons at Barcelona, he still became the first player under 30 to reach 100
Premier League assists, doing so in 2016–17. Some curmudgeons maintain
that the assist is a flawed or misleading stat as it evidently relies on another
player doing their job well (scoring a goal), but Opta’s complete database of
Premier League assists is unique not only for its breadth but also for the fact
that it applies the collection criteria across 25 years and more than 25,000
goals. Everyone knows Brian Deane scored the first goal in the Premier
League but fewer recall that Manchester United’s first strike in the
competition was assisted by Peter Schmeichel.
B is for bench. Bench is almost an archaic term nowadays, as substitute

footballers invariably relax individually in giant ergonomic chairs, but the
skill of altering the direction of a game from the sideline remains tantalising.
Towards the end of 2016–17 Arsène Wenger became the first Premier
League manager to make 2,000 substitutions (not all of them after 70
minutes), while Shola Ameobi remains the most used substitute in the
competition with 142 (although Peter Crouch and Jermain Defoe are closing
in). Defoe leads the way with goals from the bench, with 23, while the most
creative substitutes in Premier League history are Ryan Giggs and Theo
Walcott, who have both assisted 14 times. Chelsea, meanwhile, are the club
with the most substitute goals, 164, and also used all three replacements in
every game in 2016–17. ‘Go and get warmed up, son. I’m thinking of making
a switch.’
C is for clean sheets. As exciting as goals for purists, the clean sheet is a
sign of a job well done. In 2016–17 Petr Čech extended his individual
goalkeeper record to 190, while John Terry left Chelsea with 214 under his
belt; he still needs two more to match Frank Lampard. Manchester United
lead the team ranking, with 418, while Swindon, poor Swindon, managed
only four in their single Premier League campaign in 1993–94. Surely
competition newcomers Brighton and Huddersfield will surpass the Robins in
2017–18?
D is for Diving. You can run but you can’t dive. From 2017–18 Premier
League players will be subject to a merciless roving eye in the form of a new
justice panel, set up to retrospectively punish divers. Diving, or simulation to
give it its official, slightly dystopian title, has progressed from a barely
remarked upon part of the sport (Michael Owen winning a penalty versus
Argentina in 2002, for example) to a great moral crime, an insidious trend
that is hollowing out the hard-but-fair essence of the English game. The
underlying assumption is that the rise of overseas players in the Premier
League has resulted in a surge in anti-gravity skulduggery, yet the simulation
yellow card numbers from the last 11 seasons shows three British players at
the top: Gareth Bale with seven (including four in 2012-13 alone), David
Bentley with five and Ashley Young with four. Tottenham fans will no doubt
remember that at least a few of Bale’s simu-cautions were dubious, and
finding and allowing for the grey area in between blatant dive and clear foul
will surely be the toughest task for the new panel in 2017–18.
E is for expected. Expect changes in 2017–18. Expected Goals, a predictive

model that professional clubs have been utilising for the past five years, has
until now been seen in the outside world mainly on the fringes of popular
social media networks, but is likely to make the jump to the mainstream soon.
If you are still unsure what to expect, it’s a predictive model for shooting (or
goalkeeping, or chance creation) based on hundreds of thousands of shots in
the Opta database; a probability model that will tell you whether a striker is
on an unsustainable hot streak or whether Fernando Torres’s form at Chelsea
was his fault or not (answer: nobody expects the Spanish indecision).
F is for first. It’s good to score first, advantageous even. But some teams
struggle more than others to hold on to that lead. The all-time chokers in this
regard are Barnsley, who scored first and lost four times in 1997–98, their
single Premier League season. Of teams to play a significant amount of
matches in the division, Wigan (7.9 per cent) and Southampton (7.8 per cent)
have seen a high percentage of them start well and end badly, while at the
other end of the scale it’s no shock to see Manchester United, the 13-time
Premier League champions, having lost only 14 games after scoring first.
G is for Gerrard. Steven Gerrard, arguably the best Premier League player
never to win it, won virtually every other competition in his Liverpool career
(he’s still the only player to score in an FA Cup, League Cup, Champions
League and Europa League/UEFA Cup final). His record in the Premier
League bears study too: his total of five goals at Old Trafford is more than
any other visiting player; his nine goals in Merseyside derbies is a record; and
he scored a Premier League record of four winning goals in the 90th minute
or later. Take. A. Bow. Son.
H is for hat-tricks. Harry Kane single-handedly brought the hat-trick back

into fashion in 2016–17, sliding four of them home, taking his top-flight
career total to six. Only four men (Shearer 11, Fowler 9, Henry and Owen 8)
have scored more Premier League trebles than Kane, who was still only 23 at
the end of the season and who will surely threaten Shearer in this arena, even
if he doesn’t quite catch him for total goals. What Kane is yet to do in a
Premier League game, though, is score a perfect hat-trick (that is one with his
left foot, his right foot and his head). It’s almost two years since someone did
exactly that – Steven Naismith, for Everton against Chelsea in September
2015. Robbie Fowler, meanwhile, remains the master of the perfect hat-trick
with three.
I is for injury-time. ‘The fourth official has indicated there will be a

minimum of …’ Injury-time, that vague blob of time added on to the end of
halves. No one cares about first-half injury-time, unless there has been some
sort of ostentatious two-digit delay, but the amount added at the end of
second halves is awaited like news of sighted land by a scurvy-ridden sailor.
Three minutes is par, with anything less generally leading to a totting up of
substitutions made and goals scored by pedantic conspiracy theorists.
Conversely, five or more will seem like a cruel punishment to any team
leading by a single goal. The actual, real numbers from 2016–17 show that
the average Premier League first half had 2min 11sec of additional time,
while the second half had 4min 26sec. West Ham had the most combined
injury time on average (7min 27sec) while Bournemouth had the least (6min
13sec). The other 18 teams were distributed somewhere along that 1min
14sec spread. There’s no conspiracy. Your team isn’t missing out. It’s just
epilogue.
J is for justice. Referees have gone from minor figures at the start of the
Premier League era to fully-fledged stars of the modern game. Mark
Clattenburg’s decision to leave England in 2017 and move to Saudi Arabia
was covered in a manner akin to transfer deadline day. While the nation reels
from the loss of its one true sweetheart, we can comfort ourselves by looking
at data showing which refs have been strictest in 25 years of the Premier
League. In terms of pointing to the spot, Bobby Madley (Wakefield) leads
with 26 penalties handed out in 73 games, a rate of 0.36 per match, just ahead
of Mike Dean (Wirral) on 0.34 (147 in 428 games). When it comes to cards,
late 90s gaffe-magnet Rob Harris (Oxford) is the man, with 203 in only 50
games, making him the only referee to average more than four per game. The
second and third most card-happy officials are Graham Barber (Tring) and
Kevin Friend (Leicester) with 3.89 and 3.84 respectively.
K is for Keegan. Kevin Keegan, the great entertainer. Of all the enduring
Premier League myths, this is one of the most bulletproof. Yet in 1995–96,
the season when Newcastle came closest to winning the title under Keegan,
they scored only 66 goals, two fewer than Leicester managed when they won
the title in 2016–17 (with what seemed like a succession of 1–0 wins in the
spring). Keegan’s overall goals-per-game rate as a Premier League manager
is 1.53, marginally ahead of Trevor Francis (1.43) but lower than Rafa
Benítez, the man who looks set to guide the Magpies on their return to the top
flight in 2017–18 (1.66). For the record, Stuart Pearce has a goals-per-game
rate of 1.00, with 94 in 94 matches as a Premier League manager. ‘You do
things like that about a man like Stuart Pearce? I’ve kept really quiet, but I’ll
tell you something, he went down in my estimation when he said that.’
L is for Lampard. Lamps are made to shine and this one certainly did. Frank
Lampard, a midfielder, is Chelsea’s all-time top scorer with 211 goals. Frank
Lampard, a midfielder, scored against a record 39 Premier League teams.
Frank Lampard, a midfielder, is one of only four players to score 10 or more
goals in 10 seasons (the other players to do this are not midfielders). Frank
Lampard, a midfielder, has scored more goals from outside the box (41) than
any other Premier League player (actually, it makes sense that this is held by
a midfielder, but still). Frank Lampard, a model of consistency, appeared in
164 consecutive Premier League games between 2001 and 2005. Frank
Lampard scored against Chelsea in his 11th appearance against them and
didn’t look happy about it. Frank James Lampard.
M is for Mc. Seventy-eight players whose names start with Mc have featured
in the Premier League, with seven McCarthys and six McDonalds. From the
majesty of Gary McAllister to the distant memory of Mark McKeever, from
the aerial superiority and McFlurry of goals from Brian McBride to the ping-
pong trips between east London and Wearside of George McCartney, we
celebrate them all. McHeroes.
N is for nil-nil. John Salako made headlines in November 2016 by revealing

he would have voted for Donald Trump, yet is possibly the player least suited
to an alternative life in America. For Salako is the only player in Premier
League history to play 100 or more games and see more than 15 per cent (24
of 151) of them end 0–0. This is fact. This is not fake news. Salako =
stalemate. Sad!
O is for own goals. ‘Putting through your own net’, ‘cutting a howler’, ‘a
Flemish pass-back’, ‘breaking the fifth wall’; there are many terms for
scoring an own goal, but what never varies is the sense of shame a player
feels when he sees (og) next to his name in a newspaper. Richard Dunne,
with 10, remains the only player to reach double figures for own goals in the
Premier League, while Martin Skrtel scored four in a season in 2013–14 and
sits in second with Jamie Carragher on seven overall. One unlikely own goal
specialist is Harry Kane, who, when he isn’t busy plundering at the right end
of the pitch, has found time to score three own goals, more than any other
striker in Premier League history.
P is for possession. The first rule of pundit school is ‘don’t trust possession’.
The second rule of pundit school is ‘Don’t. Trust. Possession’. Show a
commentator a possession figure that doesn’t correlate with a healthy goal
advantage and he’ll boil with rage. ‘This just shows …’ he’ll fume, tapping a
pen on a desk, ‘that the only stat that matters is goals.’ It’s all Pep
Guardiola’s fault. His great Barcelona team combined an enormous share of
possession with strings of wins and trophies, leading some people to think
that possession = success. In reality, all possession data does is tell you who
had the ball in the game. What they then did with the ball (or without it) is
another story entirely. Don’t hate possession, hate the game.
Q is for quality. The eternal quest in football. Managers want to ‘add quality
to their squad’ while players embrace teammates who can provide them with
‘quality balls’. Where you definitely want quality is in front of goal, and one
way of assessing this is Opta’s Clear-Cut Chance Metric, essentially any
opportunity where you would expect the player to score (an open goal, a one-
on-one with the goalkeeper, a shot from extremely close range). In this
context the most wasteful player in the Premier League in 2016–17 was
Zlatan Ibrahimović´, who had 25 clear-cut chances but scored with only
seven of them. Perhaps he had been taking tips from Phil Jones, who, in the
past six Premier League seasons, has had six clear-cut chances and failed to
score with any of them (although he has scored with two more difficult
chances).
R is for red. The fumble in the back pocket, the arm straight in the air, the
slight turn of the head from the player. The ancient routine for red cards is
canonical. And yet there were far fewer of them to enjoy in 2016–17; the
final total of 41 being the lowest recorded in a 20-team Premier League
season. A new rule allowing referees to show discretion when a goalkeeper
concedes a penalty by bringing down an attacker certainly helped (not a
single keeper was sent off in the English top flight in 2016–17), and fans of
the classic red may have to switch their attention to dismissal paradise La
Liga, which once again delivered, with 79 sendings-off in 2016–17, almost
twice as many as the EPL (extremely placid league).
S is for Shearer. Top-scoring player in Premier League history (260 goals in

441 games), best minutes-per-goal rate at a single club (106.1 at Blackburn),
worst win percentage of any Premier League manager called Alan (12.5 per
cent). Nobody’s perfect.
T is for Torres. Has a player ever had two such contrasting periods in the
Premier League as Fernando Torres? At Liverpool, El Niño scored at a rate of
one every 121.3 minutes, the fourth best figure at a single club behind
Shearer (at Blackburn), Sergio Agüero and Harry Kane. At Chelsea, with a
£50 million price tag dangling from his shorts, Torres scored at a rate of one
every 340.4 minutes, behind luminaries such as Danny Cadamarteri at
Everton. In reductive financial terms, each of Torres’s goals for Liverpool
cost about £308,000 while his strikes at Chelsea cost £2.5 million.
U is for unlucky. Getting to half-time with a lead is a solid base for any
team. Failing to win after leading at half-time could be bad luck, or it could
be your own fault. On the opening day of the FA Premier League, in August
1992, Arsenal were 2–0 up against Norwich at the break and cruising to an
apparent win. Norwich then proceeded to score four times in the final 21
minutes and post the new competition’s first second period switcheroo (the
rampant Canaries then did it again four days later against Chelsea). Overall,
the team to have led most often at half-time and then lost in the Premier
League is Tottenham (oh no, #Spursy), but West Ham and Southampton’s
total of 21 each is worse, given the time both clubs have spent outside the top
flight in the past 25 years. It’s happened to Manchester United only four
times in the Premier League era, all of them coming away from home. The
last team to win a league game at Old Trafford after trailing at half-time were
Ipswich back in May 1984, Alan Sunderland poking home the winner a week
before Mark Zuckerberg was born.
V is for van. Like Royal Mail or Ocado, the Premier League always makes
sure it has a fleet of quality vans at its disposal. The three premium vans (van
der Sar, van Persie and van Nistelrooy) to have made more than 100 Premier
League appearances have all won the title. Overall there have been 18 vans,
with 15 coming from the Netherlands, two from Belgium and just one
representing the UK, Wales’s Pat van der Hauwe. From Psycho Pat to
Postman Pat, we all need our Bedford Rascals.
W is for woodwork. Clunk, thwack, doink. The sight and sound of an

adequately inflated football rebounding off a goal frame is as enjoyable as the
smell of cut grass or briskly swept AstroTurf. From Tony Yeboah’s pinball
wizard to Ronny Rosenthal’s gaping mercy, a ball hitting the woodwork
(metalwork) is satisfying. Ask Premier League fans which team has hit the
post or bar the most and they’ll invariably think it’s their own side, but in the
past 10 years it has, in fact, been Liverpool, by some distance. The Reds have
seen the ball strike the frame 211 times since August 2006, 23 times more
than Arsenal in second. Player-wise, Robin van Persie leads with 44, 16 more
than second-placed Wayne Rooney, with Luis Suárez and Steven Gerrard in
joint third on 26. Either way, if the ball hits the goalframe and does not go in,
it’s a shot off target. Always and for ever.
X is for Xisco. Four and a half years as a Newcastle United employee, seven
appearances, one goal and one assist. Good name, though.
Y is for youngest. It’s been a while since any of the flagship youngest
records in the Premier League have been broken. On 13 May 2017 it had
been 10 years since Matthew Briggs became the youngest player to feature in
a game (16 years and 68 days) when he played for Fulham against
Middlesbrough; happier memories for a man who, in the crueller world of
2017, had just been released by League Two minnows Colchester. The
youngest scorer record is even older, as it’s still that James Vaughan goal you
vaguely remember for Everton in April 2005 when he was 16 years and 270
days old. That capped off a period of two and half years in which the
youngest scorer record changed hands three times (from Rooney to Milner to
Vaughan). ‘How young can it go?’ shrieked the media. Possibly not much
younger than James Vaughan was the prosaic but accurate answer. Finally,
the oldest youngest (sic) record is the assist, set by Aaron Lennon in
November 2003 (aged 16 years and 199 days). West Brom’s Jonathan Leko
(17 years 21 days) came close towards the end of 2015–16 but, with creative
duties frequently handed out to expensive imports, you’d imagine that
Lennon’s record will stand for some time.
Z is for Zimbabwe. Not a nation with an illustrious history in the Premier

League but Zimbabwe not only provided the first two Africans to feature in it
(Division One stalwart Bruce Grobbelaar and Peter Ndlovu) but also, in the
shape of Ndlovu (an early pronunciation test for many commentators, most of
whom failed), the first person hailing from outside Europe to score in the
nascent division, three days before Dwight Yorke.
Epilogue
Journey for a Man
‘And what is life? An hour-glass on the run, A mist retreating from the morning sun’
– John Clare
Humans take comfort from circles. From crude Neanderthal stalagmite circles
constructed 175,000 years ago to the modernist stylings of Stonehenge and
Rollright, the circle has a mystical essence that underpins our capacity for
symbolic thought. Once you accept the circle as the one true building block
of our spiritual existence, you start to see them everywhere. The circle of
life? Life is a circle.
Take the career of Trevor Benjamin. The striker, born in the closing
months of the 1970s, has become the go-to example of the journeyman
footballer. He is reminded of this in every interview he conducts; 29 clubs, 16
of them in the pro ranks. From non-league football in the north-east to the
sandpits of the Withdean Stadium in Brighton, Benjamin’s career took him
the length of England and briefly to Australia, the antithesis of a circle. But
look more closely, look at the league clubs he was employed by and discard
the myriad loan deals that can dilute and pixelate a player’s career.
Cambridge, Leicester, Northampton, Coventry, Peterborough. Plot those
places on a map and it makes a circle. Not only that, the major town in the
centre of the circle is Kettering, birthplace of Trevor Benjamin. Life, you
must now accept, is a circle.
Over the winter of 2016–17 I often found myself thinking of the
geographical perfection of the Trevor Benjamin circle. As someone who also
grew up in Northamptonshire, I had become accustomed to accepting that
Midlands football was unfashionable. There were some Coventry and Aston
Villa fans at my school but, in a dance as old as death, most people opted for
Liverpool or Manchester United or anyone enjoying brief success (hi to all
the non-local Blackburn fans who are still hanging in there in League One).
Midlands football just carried on in the background, occasionally emerging
puffy-faced in vignettes such as Sky’s Big Ron Manager, only to disappear
once more. That particular fly-on-the-wall series had been an act of rank
desperation by Peterborough United, the £100,000 fee they received in
exchange for making themselves look silly helping to stave off financial
meltdown, for a few months at least (in fact it helped significantly more than
that, as current club owner Darragh MacAnthony invested in the club a few
months after watching the programme). Meanwhile the likes of Leicester,
Northampton and Coventry have all suffered financial difficulty of varying
seriousness since the turn of the century.
But in 2016 the region experienced a once-in-a-generation event: Leicester
City became the champions of England. Suddenly tourists were visiting the
city, broadsheet journalists were visiting the city, American television was
visiting the city. The club who had signed Trevor Benjamin for around £1
million in 2000 were now preparing to make more than that in a day in the
Champions League. For a brief, confusing moment, Leicester and the
surrounding area was the centre of the world.
More than embodying some kind of listlessly roaming journeyman, the
Trevor Benjamin circle seemed to represent a perfect distillation of Midlands
and East Anglian football. What understanding of the human condition could
be gained from travelling between those five points in a single day? Has
anyone even done it? Barry Fry in a mid-range saloon, perhaps. Perhaps not.
Imagine the psychological power you can gain from making a unique
expedition in a country where millions of journeys are made every day.
Salvation through movement. Hope via the Northampton ring road.
It had taken Trevor a decade to move between them but I wanted to do it in
one day. I wanted to experience the journeyman’s journey and to connect in
some way with the landscape of an overlooked part of the country. Even as
someone who had grown up near by, I had visited some of these places only a
handful of times, almost exclusively for reasons connected with football.
Planning a route between them became a labour of love, for there is little
better than looking at a map of England and searching for underused and
disregarded lanes. There are thousands of minor roads in the country where
you might see only a handful of cars all day. You just have to look for them
and they’ll kindly transport you to a world wholly different to the pessimistic
country portrayed so often in the media. In the 19th century the invention of
the bicycle allowed the sort of people who couldn’t afford horses to explore
their localities and beyond. That sense of exploration and discovery is still
there, if you want it.
In an ideal world the route research would have been done on Ordnance
Survey maps, that fine example of British functional design. Just unfolding
one opens a world of possibilities; hidden tracks, green lanes, archaeological
sites, reservoirs, streams, contour lines and football grounds. In 2017, though,
it’s easier (and cheaper) to do it online. Cambridge, Peterborough, Leicester,
Coventry, Northampton; they are the waypoints. The rest is down to the
gentle bends and turns of the central belt.
I begin, like Trevor, at Cambridge United’s Abbey Stadium, on a humid
Saturday at the end of May. A football ground when there is no football on is
a wonderful thing. It feels like you’re witnessing a sacred place of worship by
yourself, with time to think. Memories of previous visits and goals flood
back, the flood metaphors helped by the presence of a car-washing service set
up in the stadium car park. It’s eight o’clock in the morning and already 20
degrees but there’s a storm coming. The roiling clouds in the south indicate
that the future could be turbulent. Isn’t it always?
Trevor Benjamin’s reputation was built in Cambridge and slowly
disassembled elsewhere. In the mid to late 1990s, he scored almost 50 goals
in just under 150 games for United, a team who had almost reached the newly
formed Premier League in 1992, merrily utilising the weaponised Reepball of
John Beck. Benjamin played the majority of his Cambridge minutes under
the gentler regime of Roy McFarland but the agricultural Beck would have
enjoyed making the most of the striker’s rustic talents.
I set out towards Peterborough on a smooth path that runs alongside the
utilitarian route of the Cambridgeshire Guided Busway, proud owner of the
coveted title ‘the world’s longest guided busway’. A £181 million converted
train track for buses that hurtle along trenches in straight lines, possibly an
oblique tribute to John Beck, it is flat, almost unbending and initially
nourishing, before the realisation dawns that flat straight paths are the enemy
of enjoyable cycling. Like Trevor, I’m heading away from Cambridge at the
start of a long journey, confident of a better future.
Moving west towards Huntingdon before turning north to Peterborough, I
can see the storm in the south massing like a cheap grey pillow. The linear
roads here traverse the flat Fenlands like an abandoned game of Kerplunk
and the strong tailwind is appreciated, but with a sense of foreboding that
every cyclist knows. What pushes you forwards will also, inevitably, shove
you back twice as hard. Concentrating on progressing north and
outmanoeuvring the rain, I note that every village near by seems to have the
word Ramsey in it, possibly an omen for the FA Cup final to be played
between Arsenal and Chelsea later this day (spoiler: it is, he scores the
winning goal. Good work, predictive Fenland village system). The road to
Whittlesey is about five miles long, dead straight and punctuated by
sweeping farms and gigantic UKIP flags that slap about in the strengthening
wind. Large gobs of water are dropping occasionally but it’s not really
raining. It’s just grey, colder and definitely not Cambridge.
Trevor’s time at Peterborough came towards the end of his time in the
Football League, with the highlight being a goal against David Moyes’s
Everton in the League Cup in 2006, but, as was so often the case, his time as
a permanent employee at one club was spent in the service of others, going
out on loan to the likes of Watford, Swindon, Boston and Walsall. By the
summer of 2007, less than a year after his goal against Everton, Trevor
moved to Hereford; his league career was drawing to an end.
I also know my time in Peterborough, like a pedalling Steve Bleasdale,
will be brief but that’s OK; I’ve been here plenty enough. Unlike the Abbey
Stadium, there’s no sign of life at London Road. Lovers of roofs with good
acoustics will know that Peterborough’s away end is one of the better ones,
but today all you can hear is traffic noise and that wind. Moving away from
the ground and heading west into Leicestershire, the sun returns and morale
soars accordingly. Be it a 15-year football career or a long bike ride, there are
highs and lows, moments of euphoria and moments when you wonder why
you ever chose to head down this path.
I’m joined by my cousin for the section between Peterborough and
Leicester, just as the terrain turns from flat marshland to the rolling terroir of
pork pies. Without wishing to sound like Jamie Vardy’s estate agent, rural
Leicestershire is a bucolic wonder. Reservoirs, woods, enormous viaducts,
sandstone churches poking out of sleepy villages and empty roads, miles of
empty roads. It’s unlikely that Trevor Benjamin travelled from Cambridge to
Leicester via these lanes but I’m certain he’d have arrived in fine spirits had
he done so.
The Foxes signed Benjamin for £1.5 million in 2000 and he remained there
for four and a half years, one of the select band of Leicester men who played
for the club as they moved from ramshackle Filbert Street to the imposing
confines of the (then) Walkers Stadium, a period in which the club also
topped the Premier League, briefly, lost to Wycombe at home in the FA Cup
quarter-finals, got relegated and came back up, all in the space of a few
seasons. They also went into administration, with Benjamin, among others,
taking a pay cut. He scored in his fourth Premier League appearance, away at
Middlesbrough, but that would prove to be Benjamin’s only goal in 36 top-
flight games. Peter Taylor’s gamble to turn the Cambridge man into a
Premiership-quality striker didn’t work, but Benjamin’s commitment was
always appreciated by the Leicester supporters.
I roll into Leicester behind my cousin, who helpfully takes me into the city
on a route past the house Claudio Ranieri used to live in. It is smaller than
you’d imagine a house containing a Premier League title-winning manager
would be, and the fact it’s clearly empty and currently for sale feels
melancholic. Within 10 minutes we have reached Ranieri’s arena of choice,
the King Power Stadium, a giant modernist bowl in the centre of town. Signs
on the outside of the ground read ‘Premier League Champions 2015–16’; not
quite as dated as the ‘Best Kept Village 1994’ sign I’d seen in Elton a couple
of hours earlier, but both the deposed league champions and the residents of
Elton will have to move on soon. Fortunately for the long-distance stadium
cyclist, the site of Filbert Street is within 200 yards of the new stadium. Here,
though, the gloom really kicks in. The row of terraced houses you could see
on television broadcasts of Leicester home games is there, looking exactly
the same, but there is a giant football ground-sized space in front of it,
derelict ground strewn with detritus and an empty car park. The turf on which
Dennis Bergkamp scored that goal is gone. The turf on which Roy Essandoh
briefly jumped is gone. The turf on which 6,092 league goals were scored.
Gone. I loop past it and turn south-west towards Coventry. I’m gone.
Trevor Benjamin’s spell at Coventry was as brief as one of his loan spells,
but it was a permanent deal, sealed less than a month after he had signed for
Northampton, also permanently. The world was beginning to understand that
the word permanent did not really apply to Trevor. Between February and the
end of the 2004–05 season, Benjamin scored one goal in 12 appearances, the
Sky Blues’ opener in a 3–2 win at Watford, a vital result given that the club
avoided relegation from the Championship by just two points. Coventry were
impressed enough with Benjamin to offer him a longer-term deal in the
summer of 2005 but instead he took up the generous offer of three years at
Peterborough, theoretically at least.
Whump. The moment you realise the wind, which you’ve largely benefited
from for most of the day, is now directly in your face. The silent enemy, the
gusty foe. England has basked in unseasonal heat all week but this wind has
the hallmarks of an early spring strength-sapper; 20mph gusts on the straight
road to Coventry. It’s now about five o’clock and, whether it’s because the
cup final is going to start in 30 minutes, or just because sullen impatience is
now a hard-wired national characteristic, it’s suddenly not very pleasant at
all. The winding lanes of Rutland are long gone; this is a traffic-dense wind
hell and, after five or so miles, I make the decision Trevor did in early July
2005: I give up on Coventry. Suspiciously quickly, I justify my decision in
various ways: Highfield Road is long gone; Coventry have suffered more
than possibly any club in the region this century; Trevor was there for only
12 games; I have been going for nearly 10 hours; I still have to get to
Oxfordshire via Northampton into this wind; this road is horrible. The human
brain can justify anything. I turn south-east, still almost 40 miles from
Northampton but I feel like I’ve scored a winning goal in the 96th minute.
Small victories. Marginal gains.
Trevor Benjamin’s spell at Northampton in the winter of 2005 started with
a 19-day loan period and was followed by a 28-day permanent spell at
Sixfields. Two goals in five appearances represented one of his better goals-
per-game ratios, but he was soon off to Coventry, a return to the
Championship from the depths of League Two proving just too tempting. In
his final appearance for the Cobblers he was sent off at Bury for elbowing
Colin Woodthorpe. It was another example of the rapid waxing and waning
Benjamin could experience in a single season (or even a month). The
previous season he had gone from scoring in League Two games for Brighton
to playing in Leicester’s final Premier League game of the season, away at
Highbury, in the match that completed Arsenal’s unbeaten campaign.
I’m certainly not unbeaten as I make infernal progress towards
Northampton. I’m not on the planned route now so on-the-fly GPS decisions
take me further into unknown rural territory. Places with names that seem
familiar but probably aren’t, like Long Buckby and East Haddon and Althorp
and Nobottle (I’ve got two, mate), tick past as my wind-hampered legs keep
churning on. At one point I’m directed through a field and I silently obey
(because a six-mile detour is just not happening) and I bounce past sheep and
then a field of cows. I think they are all cows, although one has the air of a
bull. It can’t be a bull, can it? Do farmers now have gender-neutral fields?
Could that be a thing? I curse never watching John Craven’s Countryfile. If it
was a bull then it was a placid bull (I think it was a cow). Back on Tarmac, I
see the first signpost with Northampton on it, albeit with a large number 11
alongside. The wind … seems to have died down a little. The sun … is out. I
feel … OK.
Trevor Benjamin’s final season in the Football League was 2007–08, when
he played a semi-key role in Hereford’s promotion from League Two and
reached double figures for league goals for the first time since 1999–2000,
his final campaign with Cambridge before joining Leicester. The bulk of his
goals for Hereford came in the first half of the season and he was used as a
substitute only from January onwards, which, in retrospect, was the
highlighter pen on the writing on the wall.
I don’t give Hereford a moment’s thought as I weave my way south
through Northampton towards the Sixfields leisure complex. Modern football
stadiums, situated outside towns, with their Frankie & Benny’s, their Vue
cinemas, their endless car parks. Did Northampton start it all? It’s hard to be
sure but it feels like it. Even so, their ground, complete with its incomplete
stand, does at least sit in a bowl, so I get a good view of it as I hop up the
kerb and roll to a stop on the grass. It feels like the end of the journey, but I
still have 30 miles to go and about 90 minutes of sunlight left. I exit
Northampton via its endless roundabouts and settle into a wearisome final
leg. Low on food and water, and too spent to find somewhere that’s open in a
village on a Saturday evening, I continue south, that wind still blowing,
weaving past Silverstone and finally into lanes I recognise. It’s the week
before Whitsun but I pass a couple of wedding reception marquees in kempt
fields, the sound of laughter, shouting and men urinating into hedges. The sun
is almost below the horizon now, another Saturday on Earth ticked off. A
day, a life, a career, a memory. As I turn on my front light for the final few
miles I think about the Trevor Benjamin circle for the final time and decide
that really we are all journeymen, you just need to make sure you know
where you’re headed and how you’re going to get there.
Period Benjamin 1995–2008 Alexander 27 May 2017

Permanent league clubs 6 4
Distance travelled n/a 274.2km
Active time 13 years 10h 38m
League goals (all clubs) 80 n/a
Average speed n/a 26.3 km/h
As detailed above an evil wind put paid to reaching what remains of Highfield Road (ie
nothing but memories) and Benjamin’s spell at Hereford cannot be part of the circle for
geographical/shape reasons. Not this time, anyway.
Acknowledgements
I absolutely loved writing this book. I’m acutely aware that the phrase
‘Premier League history’ annoys a lot of people, but that neat 25-year spell
covers most of the period I have been entranced by the game, so to go back
and sift through each campaign individually was a joy. A lot of people
helped, though, so some gratitude is due. First, thanks to all at
Penguin/Random House/Century/Arrow for their help, particularly editor
Huw Armstrong, who was supportive, constructive and deeply wise
throughout the long process of writing this book. Thanks also to Fergus
Edmondson and Becky McCarthy for their marketing and publicity efforts
respectively.
Thanks to all my colleagues at Perform for their help. I’m particularly
grateful to Simon Denyer, Andrew Cox and Stefano Faccendini for their
encouragement, to Richard Bartlam and Richard Ewing for their
encouragement and their support during the long process of writing this book.
Thanks to Rob Bateman for great advice, as always, and some lovely Arsenal
pointers and filling in all those assists from the 1990s. Big hugs to the
peerless Opta Data Editorial team for ideas, research and cross-checking,
especially Matt Furniss, Tom Ede, Jack Supple, Jonny Cooper Chris Mayer,
Arash Rezai and Alan Duffy.
Thank you to the Perform data scientists Johannes Harkins, Tom Worville
and Sam Gregory, who not only answer my inane questions (‘can you go
through the database and check which goalkeeper has taken the most throw-
ins?’) but who are working hard at the same time to improve understanding
of the game for clubs and fans alike. Thanks to old master Simon Farrant and
nu-master Peter Deeley for their marketing support and expertise.
I’m grateful to OptaPro’s Ben Mackriell for answering questions about the
professional club space candidly, while I owe Ryan Keaney a thank you for
last year. Better late than never. Thanks to early Opta era icon Paul Fowling
for checks on the season reviews and for advising me to remove that bit he
did.
I am also indebted to Andrew Beesley and Graeme Riley for a couple of
pieces of obscure Liverpool history I needed for that chapter, and recommend
Simon Hughes’s Men In White Suits, his excellent series of interviews with
1990s Liverpool players and managers, which was useful when trying to
recall the atmosphere at the club throughout that decade of decline.
Finally, thanks to my family and friends, especially to Matt Alexander for
guiding me through Leicestershire, and to Zoe, Arthur and Edie for giving me
a squad number in their formidable team.
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced,
transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any
way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed
under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly
permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorized distribution or use
of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights
and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.
Epub ISBN: 9781473536777

Version 1.0
Published by Century 2017
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
Copyright © Perform Media Channels Limited 2017

Cover: football © Shutterstock, design by Natascha Nel
Duncan Alexander has asserted his right to be identified as the authors of this
Work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
First published in Great Britain by Century in 2017
Century
The Penguin Random House Group Limited
20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, SW1V 2SA
www.penguin.co.uk
Century is part of the Penguin Random House group of companies whose

addresses can be found at global.penguinrandomhouse.com
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 9781780895611
Introduction
fn1The first goal of the Premier League came from a long throw, so launch feels like the
correct terminology here.

fn1The eight Norwegians were: Gunnar Halle, Erik Thorstvedt, Erland Johnsen, Stig Inge
Bjørnebye, Frank Strandli, Pål Lydersen, Kåre Ingebrigtsen and Henning Berg.

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Contents

About the Book

1. A Brief History of Data

2. 25 Years of Solitude – the Forgotten Men and Deeds of the Premier

4. Comedown – Football’s Worst Title Defences

5. The Blueprint for a Perfect Match

7. 12 Steps to Heaven – the Lionel Messi Debate

8. The Red and the Black: Finding Perspective on Arsène Wenger

10. The Premier League Glossary

Epilogue: Journey for a Man

In football, numbers are everywhere: from touches in the opposition box

Insightful, wry and hugely entertaining, Outside the Box is an enlightening

Duncan Alexander is the co-founder of the OptaJoe Twitter account, one of

His first book, OptaJoe’s Football Yearbook, was published in 2016.

Follow Duncan on Twitter @OptaJoe and @oilysailor.

Is it called the Premiership? NOT YET

Champions: Manchester United

Relegated: Nottingham Forest, Middlesbrough, Crystal Palace

Top scorer: Teddy Sheringham (22)

Most assists: Éric Cantona (16)

Biggest win: Blackburn 7–1 Norwich/Sheffield United 6–0 Tottenham

Three Things We May Have Just Learnt About 1992–93

Fables of the Reconstruction

Is it called the Premiership? RED ALERT: IT HAS JUST BEEN

Champions: Manchester United

Relegated: Swindon Town, Oldham Athletic, Sheffield United

Top scorer: Andy Cole (34)

Most assists: Andy Cole (13)

Biggest win: Newcastle United 7–1 Swindon Town

Three Things We May Have Just Learnt About 1993–94

Andy Cole, Andy Cole, Andy Andrew Cole

Is it still called the Premiership? OBVIOUSLY

Champions: Blackburn Rovers

Relegated: Ipswich Town, Leicester City, Norwich City, Crystal Palace

Top scorer: Alan Shearer (34)

Most assists: Matthew Le Tissier (15)

Biggest win: Manchester United 9–0 Ipswich Town

Three Things We May Have Just Learnt About 1994–95

Classy Ferguson destroys Tractor Boys

Teams scoring 9+ goals in a top-flight game

Is it still called the Premiership? SURE THING

Champions: Manchester United

Relegated: Bolton Wanderers, Queens Park Rangers, Manchester City

Top scorer: Alan Shearer (31)

Most assists: Steve McManaman (15)

Biggest win: Blackburn 7–0 Nottingham Forest

Those words, the lesser heard conclusion to Kevin Keegan’s famous

Three Things We May Have Just Learnt About 1995–96

Chicken and beans

Is it still called the Premiership? YES

Champions: Manchester United

Relegated: Nottingham Forest, Middlesbrough, Sunderland

Top scorer: Alan Shearer (25)

Most assists: Éric Cantona (12)

Biggest win: Everton 7–1 Southampton/Newcastle 7–1 Tottenham

Three Things We May Have Just Learnt About 1996–97

Neal and pray

Managers of the month. Of the year? Less so

Is it still called the Premiership? YES