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 r*o& '

a ii ilUI"1" II li ^lllllll11 (I

MEMORANDUM REPORT No. 948

NOVEMBER 1955

Aerodynamic Properties
Of The 2.75-Inch Rocket TI3I

L. C. MacALLISTER

W. K. ROGERS, JR.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PROJECT No. 5B03-03-001

ORDNANCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT No. TB3-0108
TU2-9
BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES
~,!T^7'^?!T,^^T'^^T, ^T*^"^^"^^"^
m^i^hmf^^m,^ ptm; i j ^ i,m^ % I ■ jw* ■'<",; » .*• ' '■ '! ' ■ .'V J* »■

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

I

Destroy when no longer

needed. DO NOT RETURN
BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. 9kQ

NOVEMBER 1955

AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE 2.75-INCH ROCKET T131

L. C. MacAllister

W. K. Rogers, Jr.

Department of the Army Project No. 5B05-05-001

Ordnance Research and Development Project No. TB3-0108
TU2-9

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

 TABLE OF COHTEHTS
Page
ABSTRACT 5

TABLE OF SYMBOLS I4.

1. IHTRODUCTION 5

2. FIRING PROGRAM 5

2.1 2.75", Rockets With Inert Motors 6

2.2 2.75", Rockets With Live Motors 6
2.5 75mm Model 2.75", Rocket 7

3. EXPERIMEMTAL RESUITS 8
3.1 nrag 8
3.2 Yaw Moment and Lift 8
3.3 Magnus Moment and Force 9
3A Damping Moment . 9

k. APPEHDICES 12

4.1 Supplemental Program 12

k.2 Tahles 13
4.5 Graphs , 19
h-.k Figures 24
4.5 References 55
 BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. 9*1-8

KIMacAllister/WKRogers, Jr. /mlu

Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
November 1955

AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE 2.75-INCH ROCKET T151

ABSTRACT

A free-flight range firing program was conducted to determine the

aerodynamic properties of the 2.75-inch rocket, T151, between the Mach
numbers of 0.72 and 2.5- The firings were made with 2.75-inch rockets
with inerted motors and, at higher velocities, with 75mm scale models.

A few rounds of live rockets were also fired. These firings were
done largely to test the ability of the Range instrumentation to record
the trajectory of a live rocket. The experiment was successful and
photographs are included, but the data are not analysed in this report.
 TABLE OF SYMBOLS

p = air density

v = flight velocity

M = Mach niunber

d = projectile diameter or caliber

A = axial moment of inertia

B = transverse moment of inertia

5 = angle of yaw

6 = mean squared yaw for observed trajectory (deg )

T) = transverse angular velocity

v = axial spin-rad/cal

Ballistic Coefficients
2 2
K_ = Drag force/pv d
2 ^5
Ky, = Yaw moment/pv d 6

Kj^ = Lift force/pv2d25

Kp = Yaw damping/pvd r\

K = Magnus moment/pvd v6

Kp = Magnus force/pvd v5
 1. INTRODUCTION

At the request of Redstone Arsenal, free-flight tests to determine

the aerodynamic properties of the 2.75-inch rocket projectile, TIJl,
inert and live, were made in the Transonic Range of the Exterior Bal-
listics Laboratory. The program included the thirty-four 2.75-inch
rockets with inert motors; ten rockets with live motors; and nine 75mm
models of the TIJl rocket shape, to cover the higher velocities.

The main purposes of the program were:

a. To determine the drag force, normal force, pitching moment,

damping moment, and Magnus moment for the TIJl shape for the expected
range of flight velocities of the TIJl rocket;

b. To obtain measurements of the trajectory of the burning rocket

and shadowgraphs of the flow field about the rocket in order to provide
data for future investigations.

Redstone Arsenal furnished the launching tube, special cases, and

the projectiles for the main program. Material for a supplemental test
program with the 2.75-inch rocket was obtained at Aberdeen Proving Ground
and at the Army Chemical Center.

2. FIRING PROGRAM

The program, as outlined in Table I, is essentially divided into the

firing of three types of projectiles:

a. 2.75", Rockets with inert motors,

b. 2.75", Rockets with live motors,
c. 75™n Models of 2.75", T151, Rocket.

The above projectiles, except those necessary for the proof testing
of the live rockets and the 75nna models, were fired through the instru-
mentation of the Transonic Range. The Range^ ' is an enclosed firing
tunnel (Fig. l) 680 feet long with photographic instrumentation. The
stations record the position, attitude, and time of flight of the pro-
jectile to an accuracy of .01 feet in distance, 0.1 degree in angular
measurement, and 1 microsecond in time.
 The station records are shadowgraphs: the shadow of the rocket is
cast on a headed screen by a short-duration spark source and simultane-
ously photographed hy a camera displaced from the spark source hy a
distance of 2.5 feet. This separation is necessary to prevent the lumi-
nosity of the actual rocket trail from fogging the region of the plate
which contains the shadow of the projectile. A schematic diagram of a
shadowgraph station is shown in Figure 11 and a more complete description
of the general instrumentation is given in Reference 1. Figures 12, 15,
Ik, and 15 are a series of shadowgraphs from the range stations. The
physical properties of the projectile are given in Tahle 2.

The HE rocket, the T151, could not be used in the range test and
the program was actually carried out with T152 practice rockets with
inert heads. The rockets are ballistically the same.

2.1 2.75" Rockets with Inert Motors

The inert Rockets (Fig. 2) were launched from a l/l2 twist launcher
furnished by Redstone Arsenal (Fig, 3). The launcher" was mounted on a
155™i howitzer carriage. The initial firings having produced insuff-
icient yaw to yield a satisfactory data reduction, a blast deflector was
attached to the muzzle to induce yaw (Fig. k). The rounds were launched
in a normal manner with only the booster charge. The projectile was en-
closed in a case which was loaded into the opening in the side of the
launcher breech (Fig. 5)j positioned and held in place by pressure from
the firing mechanism. The test velocity range covered was .Tj-^M^l.^.
In one instance a charge was stored overnight at an elevated temperature
and a Mach number of approximately 1.16 was obtained. All shell success-
fully traversed the range instrumentation. Prints of two of the shadow-
graphs of 2.75" Rocket projectiles in free-flight are shown in Figs. 9
and 10.

2.2 2.75" Rockets with Live Motors

The live 2.75", Rockets were fired from the semi-closed breech
launcher with both booster and live rocket motor. Again difficulty was
encountered with insufficient yaw for data reduction and the blast de-
flector was again employed successfully. Also the booster charge was
lowered on two of the rounds in an attempt to induce greater yaw. It was
thought that if the projectiles emerged into the region of the blast de-
flector at very nearly sonic velocity some gain in yaw might be realized.
Only small effects were noted.

2.5 75mm Model 2.75", TIJl, Rocket

The scale models (Fig. 6) for the 75inm firings were not usable as
received, because the rotating bands were inadequate for this experiment.
Stability computations based on the measured moments of inertia and the
first available overturning moment data of the 2.75" program at higher Mach
numbers also indicated that the stability factor for firings from the pro-
posed gun (75nim M1917^ l/25 twist, or equivalent) was probably marginal.

The first 75nun models used were modified by pinning the existing band
to the shell with stell pins. These models were then launched from a 75mm
M6 gun, with a l/25 twist. One round was successfully fired through field
instrumentation, although the yaw level appeared high. Three similar
rounds were subsequently launched through the range instrumentation.

One of the three shell flew in a fairly acceptable manner, although

the yaw level was higher than desired, and the data indicated that it had
full spin. In the second case the shadowgraphs indicated that the pro-
jectile had a damaged band and had a yaw level much too high for reduction
purposes. Consequently, efforts to launch these 75mm projectiles ceased,
and new, stronger bands were manufactured for the remaining models (Fig. 7).
Four projectiles were pre-engraved at l/20 twist for launching from the 75mm
M1A5 Howitzer (Fig. 8). The twist of the Howitzer tube was sufficient to
ensure adequate model stability but the strength of the tube was not suf-
ficient to launch the models at the higher velocities. Hence, the two
remaining models with the strengthened band were pre-engraved for the l/25
twist for the M6 gun.

The Howitzer firings were generally successful but the projectiles

launched from the gun produced unsatisfactory data because the yaw level
was too high to yield a reliable reduction.
 5. EXPERIMENTAL REKUIIffi

In general, the program yielded good data on the T151 ahape from
velocities of aboirb 800 to 1500 feet per second. The data obtained with
the T^mrn models above 1500 fps exe so sparse and so contaminated with
minor configurational changes and high yaw levels that, at best, they
furnish only an indication of the trends of the aerodynamic properties
up to 2500 fps.

The l^mra models did not have model rocket nozzles on the base.
Since these nozzles are enclosed by the wake, their absence would not be
expected, under ordinary circumstances, to alter the aerodynamic pro-
perties. However, the wake formation of this shell varied from round to
round; variations of wake angles up to 8 were observed. This variation
could be expected to produce a marked effect on the drag of the shell
and might also alter other properties. The aerodynamic data, as obtained
(2)
from the reductions, ' are tabulated in Table 4.

5-1 Drag

The variation of the drag coefficient, KL, for 0.7^ Mi 1,2 is given
in Graph 1. This plot is based on the 2.75" inert rocket firings. Graph
la includes the data from the l^mm ballistic slugs and only a trend is
established. These latter data indicate that variations of K-, of up to
0.01 might be possible due to different base pressures; and that the yaw
o
drag coefficient, K-—5 , defined as K= IC + KLr-5 . 6 , is about
S o 5
0.0007 per degree squared at supersonic speeds.

3.2 Yaw and Moment Lift

The yaw moment coefficient, K, is plotted as a function of Mach

number for the inert 2.75" data in Graph 2 and for all the firings in
Graph 2a. The variation of IL. with Mach number of the l^mra models is
fairly consistant with the 2.75" inert rockets. The model data are more
ragged but do not exhibit large differences even for the extreme varia-
tions of yaw level encountered.

8
 The 75™. data are consistently higher than might he expected by-
extrapolating the 2.7.5" data. Since the center of mass positions for
both model sizes are nearly the same (l.77 + .01 cal from the base), the
difference appears to be due to a minor difference in external shape of
the 2.75" rocket and its Tjma. model. However, the only marked differences
were a slightly more forward position of the rotating band and more clean
cut contours for the 75nim models.

The lift coefficient, KL, is given in Graphs 5 and 5a. Fairly large
variations appear which seem to be due to yaw level.

5.3 Magnus Moment and Force

The Magnus moment coefficient, Kj_, changes sign at about Mach number
1.2. It is positive and fairly constant at a level of about 0.1 subsoni-
cally and of the same order of magnitude but negative above M = l.J. Un-
fortunately the cross over occurs between the data from the 2.75" inert
rocket and the 75mm model. In this case, however, the data from the
former definitely indicates such a trend . KL appears fairly insensitive
to yaw level and is plotted in Graphs k and k&.

The Magnus force coefficient, K_,, is poorly determined even for the
2.75" projectiles. The better values indicate a general level of 0.15
for the speeds tested.

5.4 Damping Moment

The damping moment coefficient, KL, is plotted in Graph 5 for the

2.75" data. The value of the coefficient rises from a level of 1.5 sub-
sonically to about 5.5 at M = 1.1. The indications from the 75mm data
are that K^ maintains this, or a slightly higher level, up to a Mach
n^e- of 2.2. j c tytA<^/A ^ ^y /Zy^L
L. C. MA.CALLISTER W. K. ROGERS, JR.

1 Reference 3 indicates that the difference in spin level between the

2.75" and 75mm models could cause a small difference in KL. From the
5 caliber long models of this reference the value of KL of the 75mm
models should be raised by O.Okh at M = 1.3.
 k. APPENDICES

k.l Supplemental Program

k,2 Table 1 Firing Program

Table 2 Physical Measurements
Table 5 Supplemental Firing Program
Table k Aerodynamic Data
Table 5 Supplemental Data 2.75" Rocket

4.5 Graph 1 2.75" Inert Rocket Kg vs M

Graph 2 1^ V M
s
Graph 2a IC vs M
Graph 5 IC. vs M
Graph k K^ Y K
Graph 4a IC. vs M
Graph 5 K^. vs M

k.k Figure 1 Interior of Transonic Range

Figure 2 2.75" Projectile
Figure 5 Rocket Launcher Mounted on 155mm Howitzer Carriage
Figure k Rocket Launcher With Blast Deflector on Muzzle
Figure 5 Close-Up, Launcher Breech
Figure 6 Tjrm Ballistic Slug of the T151 Rocket Shape
Figure 7 Modified 75inm Ballistic Slug
Figure 8 Jjam M1A3 Howitzer
Figure 9 Rocket in Free-Flight (Round Humber 2^94), Velocity:
Approx. 1115 ft/sec, Mach number: Approx. .99
Figure 10 Rocket in Free-Flight (Round number 2487), Velocity:
Approx. 1280 ft/sec, Mach number: Approx. 1.14
Figure 11 Schematic Diagram of Range. Set-up For Live Rocket
Spark Photograph
Figtire 12 Rocket in Burning Flight (Round Number 2506) Distance
in Launcher: Approx. 102 ft.. Velocity: Approx. 1205
ft/sec, Mach number: Approx. 1.07

10
 Figure 15 Rocket in Burning Flight (Round Numiber 2506) Distance
from Launcher: Approx. 252 ft., Velocity: Approx.
ikkO ft/sec, Mach number: Approx. 1.28

Figure 1^ Rocket in Burning Flight (Round Number 2506) Distance

from Launcher: Approx. 612 ft.. Velocity: Approx.
1875 ft/sec, Mach number: Approx. 1.67

Figure 15 Rocket in Burning Flight (Round Number 2506) Distance

from Launcher: Approx. 722 ft., Velocity: Approx.
2056 ft/sec, Mach number: Approx. 1.8l

k-.J References

11
 k, APPENDICES

k.l Supplemental Program: 2.75" Rocket With Inert Motor

The two sizes of models used in the "basic program were fired in two
distinct Mach number ranges; O.T^M^-l.lJ for the 2.75-inch projectile
and 1.2 M 2.2 for the "Jjam models. A preliminary evaluation of the
data showed that some of the aerodynamic properties changed markedly "be-
tween the end of the 2.75-iJQ-ch projectile data and the beginning of the
75Kim model data. These changes might be ascribed to the different model
sizes and minor shape variations, or, to a sudden change of the aerody-
namic properties with Mach number between M = 1.13 and 1.2.

To establish the cause of the variation in these properties, nine

additional rockets were obtained and fired. The shell were lightened
by removing the inert loading from the heads, or tails, in order to ob-
tain higher velocities. This modification was only slightly effective
in achieving higher speeds. It did result, however, in a higher data
population at the upper Mach number end of the 2.75-inch data.

The program is given in Table 3 and the data in Table 5* The data
points are also plotted on the pertinent Graphs of the main report. It
should be noted that the process of lightening the shell also changed
the physical properties (center of mass, etc.) and where possible the
plotted data have been corrected to the e.g. position of the main pro-
gram.

12
 » • • •

4.2 TABLE 1
FIRING PROGRAM

Booster
Phys. Powder Approx.
Raxige Meas. Charge Powder Mid Range Redstone
Rd.No. Wo. oz Lot No Velocity Launcher Remarks No.
2k7d 6.15 P12564 1025 Semi-closed very small yaw 6
rocket launcher
11 it
2479 7.00 1148 l
11 it 11
2ll-80 7.50 1217 11 11
2
2481 n it 11 11
7.50 1220 11
3
n
2482 6.15
n
1028 11 11 tt it
7
1
2485 5.25 815 it it 11 11
4
n
2484 7.00 II85 it
1 inch of grease in one 14
'
corner of muzzle
11
2485 6.00 1015 it
with muzzle extension 18
notched
11 tt n
. 2486 7.50 1245 11 it
20
n it
H
2487 7.50 1270 11 it ti
16
11
2488 5.75 990 tt it 11 11
5
11
2489 5.50 947 11 it it it
21
11 it it n n
2490 5.35 950 25
11 tt it tt it
2491 7.00 1203 28
n tt
2492 7.00 1210 it it 11
24
11 it 11 11 11
2495 6.55 1124 22
2494 it n 11 11 ti
6.55 it
111,6 27
it it 11 11
2495 6.25 1056 19
11
2496 6.25 1098 it it 11 11
26
11 it
2497 5.35 938 11 " 11
29
11
2498 6.25 1063 tt it 11 it
25
11 11 it 11
2499 6.75 1125 11
15
2500 6.82 it
1171 tt it 11 11
13
11
2501 4.80 824 it it 11 n
12
n it
2502 505B 7.50 1300 heated in hot "box 90 11
prior to firing
11 tt
2505 6.15-06 live rocket thru yaw cards
2504 tt it it » 11 ti
It it 11 it 11 it
2505
 k.2 TABLE 1 (CONT)
FIEING PROGRAM

Booster
Rhys. Powder Approx.
Range Meas, Charge Powder Mid Range Redstone
Rd.No. No. oz Lot Ho Velocity Launcher Remarks No.
2506 6.15-06 l>1236k Semi-closed live rocket thru range
rocket launcher (little yav)
11 11 11
2507
252k live rocket thru field
yaw cards (with yaw
indueer)
2525
2526
11
2527 6.25-06 live :rocket thru range
(with yaw indueer)
11 11 11
2528 5.25
2529 30.50 P5986 2257 75™i Gun M6 ballistic slug-field Note *
(1/25)
H 2530 2190 11 11
range 7 Note *
11 11 11
2551 510B 35-00 2I+22 2 Note *
it 11 11
2532 38.00 2585 9 Note *
11 it
257^ 15.36 P15500 1391 75mm Pack (M1A5) 1 Note **
Howitzer (l/20)
11 11 n
2575 21.59 1862 Note **
11 11 n
2576 17.60 1536 Note **
11
2577 332B 20.1+8 1772 11 it
5 Note **•
tt
2578 37.00 P5986 2451 75inm Gun M6 (l/25 ) " Note **

* Redstone rotating hand (pinned at APG) magnet inserted and pin in base
** APG hand. Magnet inserted, pin in base.
 k.2 TABLE 2
EHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS

Phys. Inches
AA B
Redstone Meas. WT e.g. from Inches Angle of
2
Wo. No. lbs "base Length lb-in lb-in2 Nozzle

2.75" Rockets

11 505B 5.3k6 it. 781 12.610 5.701 57.55

10 506B 5.271 ^859 12.6k8 5.675 56.07
8 30TB 5.5^8 ^.919 12.657 5.700 56.55
9 508B 5-275 ^.856 12.6^8 5.698 56.27 II055.
120k'

Tfjgga Ballistic Slugs

* 5 309B 7.2900 5-263 13.538 7.327 80.39
* 2 510B 7.3098 5.262 13.536 7.3^2 80.80
* 5 511B 7.2855 5-263 13.535 7.319 8o.27
#* 2 521B 7.6707 5.190 7.375 81.54
** 5 519B 7.6641 5.196 7.374 81.46
#« 5 520B 7.6652 7.367
5.195 81.35
->Ht*
3 352B 7.8748 5.223 7.799 87.86 pms

* Originally measured as recieved.

**■ Remeasured with steel pins in hand, magnet inserted and pin in base.
*** Remeasured again with APG hand.

Supplemental Models, 2.75" Rockets

Head Empty 4.319 4.179 5.048 43.28

Tail Empty 3-979 5.471 4.497 48.12

15
 4.2 TABLE 3
SUPPLEMENTAL FIRING PROGRAM

Booster
Phys. Powder Approx.
Range Meas. Charge Powder Mid Range
Rd.No. No. oz Lot No (velocity) Launcher Remarks

PAE Yaw inducer used on all rounds.

5585 7.50 T30213177 1274 Semi-closed
rocket launcher Head Empty Hit Station 3-3 Coil
11
3586 h2TB 1264
N
H 3387 428B 1300 Motor Empty
n n
5388 429B 1304
tt
3389 1335 Head Empty
11
3390 1293 Motor Empty
11
3391 1252
3392 1250
3593 1267
 k.2 TABLE k

Round
No. M B2
s ^.i K
L KH \ h
Size
(dia)
2501 0.718 18.3 0.1143 1.194 0.78 I.58 0.087 _^ 2.75"
2485 0.72 0.8 0.1004 0.97* 0.76* 1.64* 0.045* —— 11

2497 0.816 0.1154 1.22 it

24.7 0.76 I.65 0.088 — Ml

2489 0.828 15.2 0.1136 1.23 0.76 1.52* 0.08l* 0.14 11

2490 O.854 10.3 0.1082 1.26 0.75 1.79* 0.131 «■ M

11

2488 O.857 13.6 0.1130 1.25 0.77 2.01 0.092 0.12 11

2495 0.905 11.2 0.1142 1.28 0.78 1.74 0.109 — ■.

11

2478 0.915 2.2 0.1136 1.27* O.89 2.08 0.201 —-. 11

2482 0.917 1.6 0.1071 n

1.55 0.79 2.99* 0.277 0.10
2485 0.919 25.3 0.1183 1.27 O.83 2.21 0.060 0.10 11

2498 0.921 21.7 0.1196 1.29 0.97 1.78 0.088 0.08 11

2496 0.958 8.4 0.1229 1.34 O.80 2.68 0.130 mm.

it

2494 0.971 13.1 0.1363 1.57 0.84 2.47 0.102 0.14 ti

2500 1.013 7.8 0.1728 1.36 0.77 3.53 0.051 «M

11

2484 1.016 0.4 0.1686 1.32 n

0.71* 2.45" 0.091* mm _

2479 1.025 .0 0.1792 MM —— ~M »«. 11

2491 1.043 5.5 0.1810 i.39 0.73 3-53 0.040* MBM

it

2492 1.043 6.3 0.1776 1.37 0.75 2.66* 0.094 mmmm

it

248i 1.0 n
1.073 0.1880 1.40 0,79 4.77 0.065 0.11
248o 1.080 0 0.1868 _„ m .. —« -.» wm mm
11

2486 1.082 15.2 0.1921 1.37 2.80 0.028* 0.08 n

0.79
248? 1.104 5.8 0.1872 1.35 0.76 5.30 0.050* 0.12 11

2502
2574 1.199 1.7 C.1692 1.50 0.75* 4.73* -.138* —— 75™^
2576 1.324 1.0 0.1634 1.45 0.89* 3.72* -.135* —_ 11

2577 1.524 13.8 0.1668 1.45 1.03 4.90 -.085 m*m

11

2575 1.609 16.5 0.1642 1.44 0.95 4.54 -.089 — tt

2530 1.887 165 0.2449 0.84* 2.6 —— __ it

2578 2.153 211 0.2440 l.ll 1.45 3.13* -.07 * _— it

2531 2.161 181 O.2451 1.07* 1.26* 2.01* -.03 * -- 1!

The usual statistical errors of the coefficients for this program are
given below. An asterisk in the Tahle indicates that a particular value
marked exceeds the usual value.
Coefficient 56 Error
1/2 56

Si Ho

h 5^

h 10 $

^ 15 36

** 25 Cfo

17
 4.2 TABLE 5
<t3UPPIEMEHTAL DATA 2 .75" ROCKET

Round e.g.
No. M
deg
h ^ h h KT ^
in from
base

5591 1.08 7.5 .1896 l.lkO 0.7V7 4.15 0.048 _» 5.^71

5592
5595 1.09 5-5 .2051 1.152 0.751 5.86 0.045 0.17
5590 1.11 9.2 .1922 1.125 0.751 5.95 1.057 0.12
5587 1.15 1.5 .1899 1.157 0.782 5.64 0.059 --
5588 1.16 &.k .1916 1.175 0.820 ^•55 -0.011 —
1.15 6.8 .1902 1.140 0.755 4.05 0.050 0.12
1.10 k.6 .1884 1.097 0.7^2 5.27 0.077 --
5586 1.10 5.8 .1884 1.645 0.814 5.11 0.065 — 4.179
5585 1.15 = 0 .1899 — — — — —
5589 1.16 9A .1901 1.577 O.789 2.58 0.051 >-

18
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22
23
ro

FIG. 1. Interior of Transonic Range.

 FIG. 2. 2. 75 Inch Tl31 Projectile.

FIG. 3. Rocket Launcher Mounted on 155mm Howitzer Carriage.

25
FIG. 4. Rocket Launcher with Blast Deflector on Muzzle.

FIG. 5. Close-up, Launcher Breech.

26
FIG. 6. 75mm Ballistic Slug of the T131 Rocket Shape.

FIG. 7. Modified 75mm Ballistic Slug.

27
FIG. 8. 75mm M1A3 Howitzer.

28
FIG. 9. Rocket in Free Flight (Round No. 2494)
Velocity: Approx. 1115 ft/sec.
Mach No. Approx. .99

FIG. 10. Rocket in Free Flight (Round No. 2487)

Velocity: Approx. 1280 ft/sec.
Mach No. Approx. 1.14

29
 TRANSONIC RANGE SPARK STATION LAYCUT

CAMERA

FIG. 11. Schematic Diagram of Range. Set-up for Live Rocket

Spark Photography.

30
FIG. 12. Rocket in Burning Flight (Round No. 2506)
Distance from Launcher: Approx. 102 ft.
Velocity: Approx. 1205 ft/sec.
Mach No. Approx. 1.07

FIG. 13. Rocket in Burning Flight (Round No. 2506)

Distance from Launcher: Approx. 232 ft.
Velocity: Approx. 1440 ft/sec.
Mach No. Approx. 1.28

-31
 FIG. 14. Rocket in Burning Flight (Round No. 2506)
Distance from Launcher: Approx, 612 ft.
Velocity: Approx. 1875 ft/sec.
Mach No. Approx. 1.67

FIG. 15. Rocket in Burning Flight (Round No. 2506)

Distance from Launcher: Approx. 722 ft.
Velocity: Approx. 2036 ft/sec.
Mach No. Approx. 1.81

ARMY-OS -ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD

32
 4.5 REFERENCES

Rogers, Walter K., "The Transonic Free Flight Range," BRL Report
8^9, (1955).
(2)
Murphy, C.H., "Data Reduction for the Free Flight Ranges," BRL
Report 900, (195^).
(3)
Schmidt, L.E., Murphy, C.H., "The Aerodynamic Properties of the
7-Caliber AH Spinner Rocket in Transonic Flight, BRIM 775, (1954)
(c).

33
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