Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Prepared by:
ARACELI MAGSINO MONSADA, Dr-Engg.
Materials Science Division
ITDI-DOST, Bicutan , Taguig City, MM
Telephone: 02-837-2071 loc. 2201;2233
e-mail: celimonsada@yahoo.com
-- Webster's Dictionary
backgrounder……..
TYPES OF PLASTICS
Thermoplastics
Plastics that can be softened by heating but
regain their original properties once cooled
again. e.g.: PE, PS, PP, PMMA, PVC, ABS,
SAN, PC, etc.
Can be melted
Soluble
At RT = soft , hard or brittle
Thermosets
Plastics that harden through
chemical cross-linking
reactions. Upon heating,
they do not soften but
decompose chemically. E.g.
epoxy, phenolic, urea, alkyd,
etc.
(x) chemically reactive
sites along chains
can not be remelted
does not swell
insoluble
hard at room
temperature
DISTINCT CHARACTERISTICS &
ATTRIBUTES OF PLASTICS
RESISTANT TO CHEMICALS
LIGHTWEIGHT
FOAMED PS PACKAGING
PE PLASTIC PACKAGING PRODUCTS
Residential
88%
Composition of Residuals
Styrofoam
Others 3%
29%
Laminates Sando
6% Bags
62%
WEIGHT OF RESIDUALS
Weight, kg
Residual Residential Institution Market Commercial Total
Styrofoam 6,011 123 181 649 6,964
Sando Bags 139,482 152 280 9,870 149,784
Laminates 12,880 1,050 4,541 1,189 19,659
Others 64,685 103 259 6,405 71,452
Total 223,057 1,427 5,261 18,113 247,858
EXPANDED
POLYSTYRENE (EPS)
1 2 3 4
PETE HDPE V LDPE
(polyethylene terephthalate) (high-density polyethylene) (polyvinyl chloride) (low-density polyethylene)
5 6 7
PP PS Other
(polypropylene) (polystyrene) (including multi-layer packaging)
THE STYRO OVEN/ PLASTIC DENSIFIER
FEATURES :
Size Reduction
(Shredding/Grinding)
Melting/Densification
Densified Products
(functional, novelty)
RAW MATERIALS
Pure Styro
46.79 99.37
Styro/Plastic Mix
36.35 52.60
Plastic Shredded
metallized 9.63 42.08
wrapper mix
Styro/Plastic with
less oil 38.55 58.57
Industrial Technology Development Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Blending/Mixing
Mixing
Compaction, no. of
blows each end of 75 75
specimens
Index of retained
strength,%
(minimum = 70) 70.44 75.45
SKID RESISTANCE
Development /
improvement of fuel
production
technologies from
renewable sources
Performance
testing of fuels
ENERGY
Design / improvement /
development &
performance testing of
energy systems and
efficiency
Energy audit
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Development /
improvement and
transfer of
technologies &
equipment for
waste processing,
utilization,
recycling
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Cleaner production
assessments
(recommendations
for proper
management /
reduction of wastes)
ITDI WASTE PLASTIC TO FUEL TECHNOLOGY
Objective:
To design and test a thermal processing equipment
that will utilize industrial wastes such as plastic
laminates for heat and oil recovery by pyrolysis.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE
PYROLYSIS SYSTEM
Cooling Tower
Gas Emission
Gas
Condenser Non-condensable Gas
Pyrolyzer
Afterburner
Ash Oil Condensate
LPG
PROTOTYPE THERMAL PROCESSING
Design of Prototype Pyrolyzer