2.0 Aircraft Drawing

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
AIRCRAFT DRAWING
 main purpose is to record and convey the
designer’s requirements.
 must have sufficient information to enable
- Production planning.
- Manufacturer.
- Assembly.
- Testing and inspection of the particular
components or assembly to be carried out.
AIRWORTHINESS PROCEDURES
-UNITED KINGDOM
 Drawing practice conform to

British Standard (BS) 308 .
 Society of British Aerospace Companies
(SBAC) & Technical Specification (TS) 88 list
the requirement for companies within the
aerospace industry in the country.
 There are 4 types of drawings recommended in BS

308 :
 Single-part - unique parts or assemblies.
 Collective - parts or assemblies of essentially similar
shape, but of different dimensions.
 Combined - a complete assembly including all
individual parts on a single drawing.
 Constructional - an assembly drawing with
sufficient dimensional and other information to
describe the component parts of a manufacture.
TYPE OF DRAWING
Detail Drawings
When a part is designed, the draftsman must make such a

detailed drawing that the part can be manufactured at the
workbench.
All dimensions must be included and the material and

finish of the part specified.
In a detail drawing the part is carefully and accurately

drawn to scale and dimensioned.
Assembly drawing
 Show a number of detail parts or sub-

assemblies that are joined together to form a
specific component or machine.
 Has drawings reference individual parts by
their parts number and specify type and
number of fasteners needed to join them
Installation Drawing
 Shows the general arrangement or position of
parts with respect to an aircraft and provides
information needed to install them.
 List the fastener needed and instruction required
for installation.
 Portions of an aircraft that are not involved in the
installation are shown using phantom lines –
helps to locate where part is installed.
EXPLODED VIEWS
 showing detail every part of the assembly.
 parts are typically in their relative position and
expanded outward.
 part is identified by both its physical
appearance and its reference number which is
used in the part list.
Exploded views
Block diagram
 Is a pictorial representation of some process or
model of a complex system.
 Geometric shapes (e.g. rectangles, circles etc.)

used in the diagram to aid interpretation and
clarify meaning of the process or model.
 geometric shapes are connected by lines to

indicate association and direction/order of
traversal.
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
LOGIC FLOWCHARTS
 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) modeling is a top-

down decomposition technique which results
in Process Descriptions .
 It starts from START symbol and follow the
arrows through the logical testing sequence.
 Information FOR troubleshooting time is
reduced to a minimum.
SCHEMATIC DRAWING
 To explain how something works; a drawing

showing the relation between the parts.
 Used to illustrate a principle operation and
does show parts as they actually appear or
function.
 Do indicate the location of components with
respect to each other and best utilized for
trouble shooting.
Wiring diagram
 A schematic drawing of the wiring of an
electrical system.
 Specify things like the size of wire and
type of terminal to be used.
 Identify each component within a
system by its part number and its serial
number.
Pictorial diagram
 shows a picture or sketch of the various

components of a specific system and the
wiring between these components.
 simplified diagram provides readily identify
the components of a system, even if you
are not familiar with their physical
appearance.
SECTIONAL DRAWING
 Cross-Sectional Views
- view a cut-away portion of the object
and to show hidden components in a
device, internal construction shape of a
part.
 The lines are thin and are usually drawn
at a 45-degree angle to the major outline
of the object.
 4 type of sectional view drawing
1. The Revolved section.

 Used to illustrate simple
item with no interior
parts
 To illustrate it from a
different view.
2. The Removed section.
 The object illustrated is
cut and section is
removed to illustrate
another angle.
3. Complete sectional view.

 It is easy to identify individual parts within a
complex assembly.
 This feature is further enhanced thru the
proper use of section lines.
4. Half-Sections
 to see a view of an object of the outside and
inside parts.
 typically the upper half of drawing shows the
internal construction of the assembly, the
lower half shows the
entire assembly.
METHODS OF ILLUSTRATION
1. Orthographic View / Projection /
Drawing.
2. Auxiliary View / Drawing.
3. Isometric View / Drawing.
4. Oblique View / Drawing.
5. Perspective View / Drawing.
1. Orthographic view
 Several views can be combined on a single
drawing using the projection systems,
first angle, and third angle projection.
 Six possible views can be drawn, front,
rear, top, bottom left side and right side.
 Three view drawing the most common,
front view, right / side view and top view.
PROJECTION
1st Angle (European)
PROJECTION
3rd Angle (American)
2. Auxiliary Views
Used where required to show the true shape and
length of inclined surfaces.
 features are not
parallel to the principal
planes of projection.
 a view that is not at
a 90 degree angle to
face of an object.
3. Isometric View
 is one of a family of three-dimensional
views called pictorial drawings.
 In an isometric drawing, the object's
vertical lines are drawn vertically,
 The horizontal lines in the width and depth
planes are shown at 30 degrees to the
horizontal.
Isometric View
ISOMETRIC DETAIL DRAWING

4. Oblique drawing
 have a set of 45°lines and a set of
horizontal lines parallel to the drawing
plane.
 Front of the object identical to the front
view of an orthographic drawing.
 Depth axis drawing often used about 30
degree.
5. Perspective View
1. One point perspective
2. Two point perspective
 Is used when you need to see an object similar
to the way of human eye sees.
 Ray of an object meet at a distance point on the
horizon referred to as the vanishing point.
 The rays that project from the drawing intersect
at a vanishing point on the horizon.
 Not generally used in aircraft drawings.
Shape symbols
Dimensioning
 given once only, unit of measurement stated
on the drawing.
 read from bottom or right hand of drawing
 dimension is given from common datum.
 All dimensions must be read by the drawing,
not scaled as the drawing says DO NOT
SCALE.
Identifying Title Block Information
1. A drawing number
2. The name of the part or assembly.
3. The scale to which it is drawn.
4. The date.
5. The name of the firm.
6. The name of the draughtsmen, the checker and the person

approving the drawing.
Scales
 Drawing dimensions may be enlarged or
reduced by using scales which ensure
uniformity.
 indicated in the ‘original scale’ box in the form
of ratio.
Example 1:2 (half size),
1:10 (tenth size),
2:1 (twice full size), etc.
Limits and tolerance
 Tolerance is the difference between the

extreme permissible dimensions.
 Unilateral tolerance permits a variation in
one direction only e.g. 25 +0.05 – 0.
 Bilateral tolerance permits variation both up
and down. E.g. 25 +0.05 -0.05
Repetitive information
Symmetrical Parts
Station numbers.
 Helpfind the location of fuselage frames, wing
frames and stabilizer frames.
 Nose of the aircraft or some other point that
can be easily identified is designated as ‘zero’
or datum point .
 Distances in inches behind the zero station.
1. Fuselage station number
 Allfuselage and bulkhead from nose to tail of

the aircraft.
 F Sta. 135 or FS 135 means 135 inches from
the Datum Line Zero or 0 Datum Line.
2. Water lines. (WL)
 Verticallocations of the aircraft, zero point is

called water line zero.
 If cabin floor is located WL-16 means it is at 16”
below the water line zero, if WL+16 mean 16”
above the water line zero.
3. Buttock lines
 Distance to the right or left of the fuselage

centre line of the aircraft (buttock lines zero).
 BLR (buttock line right) and BLL (buttock line
left), BLR 118 means it is 118 inches from
the center of the aircraft fuselage.
4. Wing stations
 Are measured from the center line of

fuselage, or buttock line.
 They indicate in inches along the wing
toward the wing tip.
 RW Sta. or RWS 181 means 181 inches at
right side of the aircraft center line.
ATA (Air Transport Authorization) 100 Specifications
 A global standard with regards to engineering

Manuals Specification
 The intentions of the Specification are:
1. To clarify the general requirements of the
airline industry with the reference to coverage
and preparation of technical data.
2. To standardize the lay out, format of manual
 Major division are ‘Group’ and divided into chapters

and allocated blocks of chapter numbers.
GROUP CHAPTER
NUMBERS
 Aircraft General 1 - 19
 Aircraft System 20 - 49
 Structures 50 - 59
 Propeller / Rotor 60 - 69
 Power Plant 70 – 89
AIRCRAFT GENERAL AIRPLANE SYSTEM

Time limit / maintenance check 5 Air conditioning 21
Dimension & chart 6 Auto flight 22
Lifting shoring 7 Communication 23
Leveling & weighing 8 Electrical power 24
Towing & Taxiing 9 Equipment & Finishing 25
Parking & mooring 10 Fire protection 26
Required Placard 11 Flight Control 27
Servicing 12 Fuel 28
Standard Practices Airframes 20 Hydraulic 29
Ice & Rain Protection 30
Instruments 31
Landing Gear 32
Lights 33
STRUCTURES POWER PLANT

Structural general 51 Standard practice Engines 70
Doors 52 Power plant general 71
Fuselage 53 Engine 72
Nacelles / Pylons 54 Engine Fuel & control 73
Stabilizer 55 Ignition 74
Windows 56 Air Engine controls 76
Wings. 57 Engine Indicating 77
Exhaust 78
Oil 79
Starting 80
Water Injection 82
Charts. 91
 Each chapter is arranged alphabetically in a

group and is divided into sections and then
further sub-divided into designated subjects by
a “dash number”.
EXAMPLE ATA 24 – 21 - 8
24 21 8
Chapter system Section sub-system Subject / topic
Electrical power Main generation Voltage regulator
Types of Manuals
When aircraft referenced are manufactured the following manuals are supplied
to the customer and reflect the customers configuration:
1. Maintenance Manual.
2. Wiring Diagram Manual.
3. Illustrated Parts Catalogue.
4. Overhaul Repair Manual.
5. Structural Repair Manual.
6. Illustrated Tool and Equipment List.

 The manual defined and described by ATA

Specification 100 are as follow:
1. Maintenance manual.
 Provide information on routine servicing,
system description and functions, handling
procedures, and components removal and
installation.
 Contains basic repair procedures and
troubleshooting for common malfunction.
2. Overhaul manual.
 Contain information on the repair and
rebuilding of components that can be
removed from the aircraft.
 It also contains multiple illustrations showing
how individual components are assembled as
well as list individual parts number.
3. Illustrated Part Catalogue. (IPC)

 Show the location and parts number of items
installed on an aircraft.
 Contain exploded view of all areas of an
aircraft to assist the technician in locating
parts.
4. Tool and Equipment list.

5. Wiring diagram manual. (WDM)
 Systems and their components are illustrated
in individual wiring manual.
 Contains schematic diagrams to aid in
electrical system troubleshooting.
 Also list parts number and locations of
electrical system components.
6. Structure Repair Manual. (SRM)

 For serious damage, contains detailed
information or repair of an aircraft’s primary
and secondary structure.
 developed by the manufacturers engineering
staff, and approved data by the DCA.
7. Weight and Balance Manual.

END OF AIRCRAFT DRAWING

2.0 Aircraft Drawing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2.0 Aircraft Drawing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2.0 Aircraft Drawing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

 Drawing practice conform to

 There are 4 types of drawings recommended in BS

When a part is designed, the draftsman must make such a

All dimensions must be included and the material and

In a detail drawing the part is carefully and accurately

 Show a number of detail parts or sub-

 Geometric shapes (e.g. rectangles, circles etc.)

 geometric shapes are connected by lines to

 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) modeling is a top-

 To explain how something works; a drawing

 shows a picture or sketch of the various

1. The Revolved section.

3. Complete sectional view.

ISOMETRIC DETAIL DRAWING

Identifying Title Block Information

2. The name of the part or assembly.

3. The scale to which it is drawn.

5. The name of the firm.

6. The name of the draughtsmen, the checker and the person

Limits and tolerance

 Tolerance is the difference between the

1. Fuselage station number

 Allfuselage and bulkhead from nose to tail of

2. Water lines. (WL)

 Verticallocations of the aircraft, zero point is

 Distance to the right or left of the fuselage

 Are measured from the center line of

ATA (Air Transport Authorization) 100 Specifications

 A global standard with regards to engineering

 Major division are ‘Group’ and divided into chapters

AIRCRAFT GENERAL AIRPLANE SYSTEM

STRUCTURES POWER PLANT

 Each chapter is arranged alphabetically in a

2. Wiring Diagram Manual.

3. Illustrated Parts Catalogue.

4. Overhaul Repair Manual.

5. Structural Repair Manual.

6. Illustrated Tool and Equipment List.

 The manual defined and described by ATA

3. Illustrated Part Catalogue. (IPC)

4. Tool and Equipment list.

6. Structure Repair Manual. (SRM)

7. Weight and Balance Manual.

END OF AIRCRAFT DRAWING

You might also like