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Interview Questions Written by Administrator
Manuals/Books Wednesday, 21 April 2010 09:50

Jobs Information Management System(IMS)

Q1) What is the physical nature of a database called?
Login A1) DBD
Q2) Is it necessary that all the segments in a Dl/i database have key fields ?
A2) It is not necessary that all the segments in the database should have key field, expect for the database.
Q3) How man key fields and search fields can a segment have?
A3) One key field and as many search fields in the segment can be declared.
Q4) Is it necessary that the key field in a Dl/I database be unique?
A4) No, it is no necessary.
Q5) What is a key field in an IMS database?
A5) A Field that DL/I uses to maintain the segments in the ascending order is called the key field
Q6) What is a database record?
A6) A single occurrence of the root along with all its dependents is called the database record.
Q7) What is a Hierarchy path?
A7) A line that starts at the root and passes thru the inter mediate levels in the hierarchy and ends at the a segment at the bottom of the hierarchy is called the
Hierarchy path.
Q8) What is a Root?
A8) The segment at the top of the Hierarchy, which is not a child to a segment is called the Root.
Q9) What are Twins?
A9) Occurrences of all the segment types under a single parent segment occurrence is called a Twin.
Q10) Define the terms Parent & Child.
A10) Parent-Any segment that has one or more segments directly below it is a Parent. Child-Any segment that has segment directly above it is called the Child.
Q11) What is the limitation on the no. of levels in a DL/I database?
A11) You can have 15 levels in a DL/I database
Q12) How many sgment types can u have in a DL/I database?
A12) A Dl/I database can have 255 segment types
Q13) What is a Segment type?
A13) Loosely speaking a segment type is a segment in a Dl/I hierarchy chart.
Q14) What is a segment?
A14) A segment is the smallest unit of information that Dl/I uses when working with information in the database
Q15) What is Hierarchy Chart?
A15) A Hierarchy chart is a pictorial representation of the total of a DL/I database starting from the root, giving all the parent child relationships that exist within the
database
Q16) what are the control blocks in IMS ?
A16) There are two control block.1.dbd(database descriptor)2.psb (program specification block)
Q17) which is the first statement in COBOL-IMS programs?
A17) Entry statement is the first statement after procedure division i.e. ENTRY 'DLICBL' USING .....
Q18) What is the return code you get after a successful IMS call?
A18) Spaces.
Q19) Define DBD?
A19) DBD : Database Descriptor. IMS Controls the Structure of DB and access to the DB via DBD. The DBD contains information like, Segment types, their
location in hierarchy and Sequence keys.
Q20) How can we distinguish between an online and batch program in IMS environment?
A20) By seeing the IO-PCB in the application program.
Q21) Which is the DL/I function used in CICS-IMS program?
A21) PCB(PROGRAM COMMUNICATION BLOCK)
Q22) What is IMS?
A22) INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Q23) How does one reorg an HDAM IMS database when changing RAPS (Root Anchor Points)?
A23) Unload data using current DBD. 2. Delete/define the underlying VSAM dataset(s). 3. Re-load data using newly-defined DBD with new RAPs. 4. Re-build any
secondary indexes.
Q24) What do you know about DBD gen?
A24) used to generate DBDs. The statements in DBDGEN process are PRINT NOGEN, DBD, DATASET, SEGM, FIELD, DBDGEN, FINISH, END
Q25) What are common DLI functions?
A25) GU,GN,GNP,GHU,GHN,REPL,ISRT,DLET...
Q26) What are common status codes that you come across?
A26) GE,GB,GD,GK,GP,AI,AB,AC,AK,AJ,AM,AU,DJ,II,IX,QC,QD,H...

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GE - segment not found

GB - end of database
Q27) What are the command codes and their purposes?
A27) Command codes extends the function of a SSA call. It simplifies programming and it improves performance.
*C - Concatenated key, D-path call, F- first occurrence, L- last occurrence,
N- path call ignore , P-set parentage.
Q28) What are the parameters used in CBLTDLI call?
A28) Function code, PCB mask, Segment I/O Area & SSA(s).
Q29) What are qualified and unqualified SSA's.
A29) A Qualified SSA contains Key field as well as search field and parenthesis An unqualified SSA does not contain key field and parenthesis
Q30) What do you know about MFS?
A30) Message Format service , Used to format messages that will be transmitted to and from display screens.
Q31) What for procopt is used? List some of them?
A31) Procopt parameter specifies PROCESSING OPTIONS that define the type of processing that can be performed on a segment. ex: K, G, L, LS, A ,AS, I, IS.
procopt=k---means , the segment is key sensitive
procopt=g- the segment is data sensitive (like read only)
L- Load mode , means we can load data base from scratch
A- Get, Insert, Delete, Replace- means it allows the program to issue all those calls
I-insert mode. That means only insert calls with insert mode can be issued
Q32) What is multi positioning ?
A32) Multi positioning is an option where by IMS maintains a separate position on each hierarchical path. when more than one PCBs refer to the same DBD , it is
called Multi positioning.
Q33) What is secondary indexing?
A33) Secondary indexing is a feature which allows the program to sequentially retrieve segments or search for segments in a sequence other than key sequence.
Q34) How many PCB’s can be coded within a PSB?
A34) As many(more than one)
Q35) What is PSB,PCB & ACB?
A35) PSB(Program specification block): Informs about how a specific program is to be access one or more IMS DB. It consists of PCB.PCB (Prg Communication Block):
Information to which segment in DB can be accessed, what the program is allowed to do with those segment and how the DB is to be accessed.
ACB (Access Control Block): are generated by IMS as an expansion of information
ontained in the PSB in order
to speed up the access to the applicable DBD's.
What is check pointing, sync point?
How do you write a PSB code ?

DB2 Interview Questions VSAM Interview

Written by Administrator Questions
Wednesday, 21 April 2010 09:46
Written by Administrator
DBADM Database administrator authority
Wednesday, 21 April 2010 09:37
DBCTRL Database control authority
DBMAINT Database maintenance authority Virtual Storage Access Method
CREATETS Create Table space Authority (VSAM) FAQ’s
CREATETAB Create Table authority Q1) What are the types of VSAM datasets?
DROP Drop authority on a database or subordinate objects A1) Entry sequenced datasets (ESDS), key
sequenced datasets (KSDS) and relative record
The Following are the most frequently asked questions.... dataset (RRDS).
Q1) What RDMS objects are created with the SQL CREATE statements? Q2) How are records stored in an ESDS, entry
A1) The SQL CREATE statements are used to create the following objects: sequenced dataset?
STOGROUP A storage group A5) They are stored without respect to the contents
DATABASE A logical collection of tables of the records and in the order in which they are
TABLESPACE An area that stores tables included in the file.
TABLE A data structure organized by a specified columns Q3) What is a CI, control interval?
INDEX An alternate path to a table data A3) A control interval is the unit of information that VSAM
VIEW An alternate representation of one or more tables transfers between virtual and auxiliary storage.
SYNONYM An alternate name for local table or view Q4) What are the distinctive features of a ksds, key
ALIAS An alternate name for a table definition which may be local or remote, existence sequenced dataset?
or nonexistent A4) The index and the distributed free space.
Q2) What RDMS objects are required before you can create a table? Q5) What is a CA, control area?
A2) Before you can create a table, you need an existing database and tablespace. A5) A group of control intervals makes up a control
Q3) In what RDMS object does one first list column names? area.
A3) One first uses the column name in the CREATE TABLE statement. Q6) What is a sequence set?
Q4) What is the syntax for a CREATE TABLE statement? A6) This is the part of the index that points to the
A4) CREATE TABLE table name CA and CI of the record being accessed.
(column name list Q7) What is the index set?
primary key (column name)) A7) This is the other part of the index. It has multiple
in database-name, tablespace-name. levels with pointers that ultimately reach to the
Q5) Can one add columns to a table after it has been defined? sequence set.
A5) Yes, one can add column to a table after it has been defined by using the SQL Q8) What is a cluster?
ALTER TABLE statement. A8) A cluster is the combination of the index,
Q6) Where in a table are added columns located? sequence set and data portions of the dataset. The
A6) The new columns are added to the end of the table. operating system gives program access to the cluster,
Q7) After a table is defined, can columns be removed? ie. to all parts of the dataset simultaneously.
A7) The only way to remove columns from an existing table involves a migration Q9) What is the catalog?
program that extracts only the desired Q9) The catalog contains the names of all datasets,
columns of data, redefining the table without the unwanted columns, then populating VSAM and non-VSAM. It is used to access these
the new table. One have to handle datasets.
all the old table’s dependents programmatically. Q10) What is an alternate index?
Q8) Which RDMS objects can you change with the SQL ALTER statements? Q10) An AIX is a file that allows access to a VSAM
A8) The SQL ALTER statement can change a table index, a table, a tablespace, or a dataset by a key other than the primary one.
STOGROUP. Q11) What is a path?
Q9) What authority is required to create a table? Q11) A path is a file that allows you to access a file
A9) In order to create tables, one needs CREATETAB privileges. by alternate index - the path provides an association
Q10) What is minimum authority required for one to create a tablespace? between the AIX and the base cluster.
A10) In order to create tablespaces, one needs CREATETS privileges. Q12) What is the upgrade set?
Q11) When is it necessary to create a table index? Q12) The upgrade set is the list of all AIXes that

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A11) It is necessary to create a table index whenever you want to enforce the VSAM must maintain for a specific base cluster, so
uniqueness of the table’s primary key. that when data in the base cluster is updated, the
Q12) What is a synonym? AIX files are also updated.
A12) A synonym is an unqualified alternative name for a table or view. Q13) What is free space?
Q13) What is a foreign key? Q13) Free space is reserved within the data
A13) A foreign key is the key defined in one table to reference the primary key of a component of a KSDS to accommodate inserting
reference table. This foreign key must new records.
have the same structure as the reference table’s primary key. Q14) What is a VSAM split?
Q14) What is referential integrity? Q14) If there isn't enough space in the control
A14) Referential integrity is the automatic enforcement of referential constraints that interval VSAM performs a control interval split by
exist between a reference table and a moving some records to the free control intervals. If
referencing table. When referential integrity is enforced, the value of a foreign key there isn't a free control interval VSAM performs a
exists as a primary key value in the control area split by allocating a new control area and
reference table. In other words, when referential integrity is enforced, all of the moving half of the control intervals to it.
foreign key values in, for example, the Q15) What is the base cluster?
“department code” column in an “employee” table exist as primary key values in a Q15) The base cluster consists of the data
“department” table. component and the index component for the primary
Q15) What are the column name qualifiers? index of a KSDS.
A15) A column name qualifier are used as a table designator to avoid ambiguity Q16) Do primary key values have to be unique? Do
when the column names referenced exists alternate key values have to be unique?
in more than one table used in the SQL statement. Column name qualifiers are also Q16) Primary key values must be unique; alternate
used in correlated references. key values need not be.
Q16) What is a correlation name? Q17) In the COBOL SELECT statement what is the
A16) A correlation name is a special type of column designator that connects ORGANIZATION for a KSDS?
specific columns in the various levels of a Q17) The ORGANIZATION is INDEXED.
multilevel SQL query. Q18) In the COBOL SELECT statement for a
Q17) What is a results table? KSDS what are the three possibilities for ACCESS?
A17) A result table is the product of a query against one or more tables or views Q18) ACCESS can be SEQUENTIAL, RANDOM
(i.e., it is the place that holds the results of a or DYNAMIC.
query). Q19) What is the COBOL RECORD KEY clause?
Q18) What is a cursor? Q19) The RECORD KEY in the SELECT clause
A18) A cursor is a named control structure used to make a set of rows available to a identifies the files primary key as it will be known to
program. DB2 is the relational database the program.
system that runs in an MVS environment. It was developed by IBM and interfaces Q20) What is the purpose of the FILE STATUS
with SQL. With the use of SQL clause in the SELECT statement?
DB2, databases can be accessed by a wide range of host languages. SQL is the Q20) The FILE STATUS field identifies the field
relational database " application that VSAM uses to provide information about each
language " that interfaces with DB2. Because of its capabilities, SQL and, in turn, I/O operation for the file.
DB2 have gained considerable Q21) If you wish to use the REWRITE command
acceptance. Thus, a working knowledge of DB2 increases one's marketability. haw must the VSAM file be opened?
Q19) What is the basic difference between a join and a union? Q21) It must be opened as I/O.
A19) A join selects columns from 2 or more tables. A union selects rows. Q22) Explain the meaning and syntax for the
Q20) What is normalization and what are the five normal forms? START command.
A20) Normalization is a design procedure for representing data in tabular format. The five normal Q22) The START command is used read other than
forms are progressive the next VSAM record. A value must be moved into
rules to represent the data with minimal redundancy. the RECORD KEY. The KEY clause is optional, but
Q21) What are foreign keys? it can be used to specify a relational (equal, less than,
A21) These are attributes of one table that have matching values in a primary key in another table, etc.) operator.
allowing for relationships Q23) What is the meaning of dynamic processing?
between tables. Q23) It's rarely used. It means one program uses
Q22) Describe the elements of the SELECT query syntax? both sequential and random processing for a VSAM
A22) SELECT element FROM table WHERE conditional statement. KSDS file.
Q23) Explain the use of the WHERE clause? Q24) Name some common VSAM error conditions
A23) WHERE is used with a relational statement to isolate the object element or row. and codes.
Q24) What techniques are used to retrieve data from more than one table in a single SQL statement? Q24) They are end of file (10), duplicate key (22),
A24) Joins, unions and nested selects are used to retrieve data. record not found (23), VSAM logic error (90), open
Q25) What is a view? Why use it? problem (92) and space problem (93).
A25) A view is a virtual table made up of data from base tables and other views, but not stored Q25) What is the VSAM-code field?
separately. Q25) It is a COBOL II enhancement to VSAM batch
Q26) Explain an outer join? processing expanding the FILE STATUS field. It is
A26) An outer join includes rows from tables when there are no matching values in the tables. defined in WORKING-STORAGE as a six byte
Q27) What is a subselect? Is it different from a nested select? group item with three two byte elements, the normal
A27) A subselect is a select which works in conjunction with another select. A nested select is a kind of return code, the function code and the feedback
subselect where the code.
inner select passes to the where criteria for the outer select. Q26) What is a VSAM slot?
Q28) What is the difference between group by and order by? Q26) A relative record dataset (RRDS) consists of a
A28) Group by controls the presentation of the rows, order by controls the presentation of the columns specified number of areas called slots. Each slot is
for the results of the identified by a relative record number (RRN) which
SELECT statement. indicates its relative position in the file.
Q29) What keyword does an SQL SELECT statement use for a string search? Q27) What is the utility program closely associated
A29) The LIKE keyword allows for string searches. The % sign is used as a wildcard. with VSAM?
Q30) What are some SQL aggregates and other built-in functions? Q27) IDCAMS, the access method services utility.
A30) The common aggregate, built-in functions are AVG, SUM, MIN, MAX, COUNT and Q28) There are at least seven IDCAMS commands;
DISTINCT. name and explain each of them ?.
Q31) How is the SUBSTR keyword used in SQL? Q28) ALTER modifies information for a catalog,
A31) SUBSTR is used for string manipulation with column name, first position and string length used alternate index, cluster or path. BLDINDEX builds
as arguments. E.g. the alternate index, of course. DEFINE is used for
SUBSTR (NAME, 1 3) refers to the first three characters in the column NAME. ALTERNATEINDEX, CLUSTER or PATH.
Q32) Explain the EXPLAIN statement? DELETE removes the catalog entry for a catalog,
A32) The explain statement provides information about the optimizer's choice of access path of the cluster, alternate index or path. LISTCAT lists
SQL. information about the dataset. PRINT prints the
Q33) What is referential integrity? dataset contents. REPRO copies records from one
A33) Referential integrity refers to the consistency that must be maintained between primary and file to another.
foreign keys, i.e. every Q29) What are the three levels of definition for the
foreign key value must have a corresponding primary key value. VSAM DEFINE?
Q34) What is a NULL value? What are the pros and cons of using NULLS? Q29) They are DEFINE CLUSTER, DATA and
A34) A NULL value takes up one byte of storage and indicates that a value is not present as opposed INDEX.

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to a space or zero Q30) What is the significance of the

value. It's the DB2 equivalent of TBD on an organizational chart and often correctly portrays a SHAREOPTIONS parameter?
business situation. Q30) It specifies how the file may be shared between
Unfortunately, it requires extra coding for an application program to handle this situation. jobs and between batch and CICS environments.
Q35) What is a synonym? How is it used? Q31) What is the meaning of the DEFINE MODEL
A35) A synonym is used to reference a table or view by another name. The other name can then be parameter?
written in the Q31) It specifies whether Daniela Pestova or Yamila
application code pointing to test tables in the development stage and to production entities when the - oops! Wrong models! The MODEL parameter
code is migrated. allows you to model your cluster by modeling it after
The synonym is linked to the AUTHID that created it. an existing cluster.
Q36) What is an alias and how does it differ from a synonym? Q32) What is File Status in VSAM?
A36) An alias is an alternative to a synonym, designed for a distributed environment to avoid having to Q32) The FILE STATUS clause of the
use the location FILE-CONTROL paragraph allows for each file to
qualifier of a table or view. The alias is not dropped when the table is dropped. be associated with a file status key (i.e., the
Q37) When can an insert of a new primary key value threaten referential integrity? 2-character data item specified in the FILE STATUS
A37) Never. New primary key values are not a problem. However, the values of foreign key inserts clause). If the FILE STATUS clause is specified for
must have a given file, a value indicating the status of each I/O
corresponding primary key values in their related tables. And updates of primary key values may operation against that file is placed in the associated
require changes in file status key. This value is stored in the file status
foreign key values to maintain referential integrity. key as soon as the I/O operation is completed (and
Q38) What is the difference between static and dynamic SQL? before execution of any EXCEPTION/ERROR
A38) Static SQL is hard-coded in a program when the programmer knows the statements to be declarative or INVALIDKEY/AT END phrase
executed. For dynamic SQL associated with the I/O request).
the program must dynamically allocate memory to receive the query results. Note: This element may behave differently when the
Q39) Compare a subselect to a join? CMPR2 compiler option is used. The file status key
A39) Any subselect can be rewritten as a join, but not vice versa. Joins are usually more efficient as is divided
join rows can be into two status keys: the first character is known as
returned immediately, subselects require a temporary work area for inner selects results while file status key 1; the second character is file status
processing the outer key 2.
select. Q33) What's a LDS (Linear Data Set) and what's it
Q40) What is the difference between IN subselects and EXISTS subselect? used for?
A40) If there is an index on the attributes tested an IN is more efficient since DB2 uses the index for Q33) LDS is a VSAM dataset in name only. It has
the IN. (IN for index is unstructured 4k (4096 bytes) fixed size CI’s which
the mnemonic). do not contain control fields and therefore from
Q41) What is a Cartesian product? VSAM's standpoint they do not contain any logical
A41) A Cartesian product results from a faulty query. It is a row in the results for every combination in records. There is no free space, and no access from
the join tables. Cobol. Can be accessed by DB2 and IMS fast path
Q42) What is a tuple? datasets. LDS is essentially a table of data
A42) A tuple is an instance of data within a relational database. maintained on disk. The 'table entries' must be
Q43) What is the difference between static and dynamic SQL? created via a user program and can only be logically
A43) Static SQL is compiled and optimized prior to its execution; dynamic is compiled and optimized accessed via a user program. When passed, the
during execution. entire LDS must be mapped into storage, and then
Q44) Any SQL implementation covers data types in couple of main categories. Which of the following data is accessed via base and displacement type
are those data processing.
types ? (Check all that apply) Q34) What is IDCAMS ?
A). NUMERIC Q34) IDCAMS is the Access Method Services
B). CHARACTER program. You run the IDCAMS program and supply
C). DATE AND TIME AMS commands thru SYSIN. (examples of AMS
D). BLOBS E. BIT commands are DELETE, DEFINE, REPRO etc..).
A44) A,B,C. Not all SQL implementations have a BLOB or a BIT data types. Q35) Can AMS commands be run from the TSO
Q45) We have a table with a CHARACTER data type field. We apply a ">" row comparison between prompt ?
this field and Q35) Yes
another CHARACTER field in another table. What will be the results for records with field value of Q36) Syntax of AMS modal commands ?
NULL? Q36) Note: these can be used only under IDCAMS
(Check one that applies the best) and not from the TSO prompt.
A. TRUE IF LASTCC(or MAXCC) >(or <,= etc..) value -
B. B. FALSE THEN -
C. C. UNKNOWN DO -
D. D. Error. command set (such as DELETE, DEFINE etc..)
E. E. Those records will be ignored ELSE -
A45) C. NULL in a row when compared will give an UNKNOWN result. DO -
Q46) Any database needs to go through a normalization process to make sure that data is represented command set
only once. This LASTCC - Condition code from the last function
will eliminate problems with creating or destroying data in the database. The normalization process is done (such as delete) executed
usually in three steps which results in first, second and third normal forms. Which best describes the process MAXCC - Max condition code that was returned by
to any of the prev functions
obtain the third normal form? (Check one that applies the best) SET is also a valid AMS command. SET LASTCC
A. Each table should have related columns. (or MAXCC) = value
B. Each separate table should have a primary key. The maximum condition code is 16. A cond code of
C. We have a table with multi-valued key. All columns that are dependent on only one or on 4 indicates a warning. A cond code of 8 is usually
some of the keys should be moved in a different table. encountered on a DELETE of a dataset that is not
D. If a table has columns not dependent on the primary keys, they need to be moved in a present.
separate table. Q37) Under IDCAMS , multiple functions can be
E. E. Primary key is always UNIQUE and NOT NULL. executed, each of which returns a cond code. What
A46) D. All columns in a table should be dependent on the primary key. This will eliminate transitive will be the condition code returned to the operating
dependencies in system ?
which A depends on B, and B depends on C, but we're not sure how C depends on A. Q37) The maximum condition code generated is
Q47) SQL can be embedded in a host program that uses a relational database as a persistent data returned as the condition code of the IDCAMS step.
repository. Some of Q38) What is Control Interval, Control Area?
the most important pre-defined structures for this mechanism are SQLDA ("SQL Descriptor Area") Q38) Control Interval is analogous to a physical
and block for QSAM files. It is the unit of I/O. Must be
SQLCA ("SQL Communications Area") SQLCA contains two structures - SQLCODE and between 512 bytes to 32 k. Usually either 2K or 4K.
SQLSTATE. A larger control interval increases performance for
SQLSTATE is a standard set of error messages and warnings in which the first two characters sequential processing while the reverse is true for
defines the class random access. Under CICS when a record is
and the last three defines the subclass of the error. Which of the following SQLSTATE codes is locked, the entire CI gets locked.
interpreted as Control Area is a group of control intervals. CA is

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"No data returned"?(Check one that applies the best) used during allocation. CA size is calculated based on
A). 00xxx the
B). 01xxx allocation type (cyl, tracks or records) and can be
C). 02xxx max of 1 cylinder
D). 22xxx Q39) What is FREESPACE ?
E). 2Axxx Q39) Coded in the DEFINE as FREESPACE(ci ca)
A47) C. 00 - is successful completion, 01 - warnings, 22 - is data exception and 2A is syntax error. The where ci is the percentage of each control interval to
SQLSTATE code be left free for insertions, ca is the percentage of
format returned for "No data returned" is "02xxx". control intervals in each control area to be left
Q48) What are common SQL abend codes? (e.g. : 0,100 etc.,) empty.
A48) -818 time stamp mismatch Q40) How do you decide on optimum values for CI,
-180 wrong data moved into date field FREESPACE etc...?
Q49) What is meant by dynamic SQL? Q40) CI size should be based on record length, type
A49) Dynamic SQL are SQL statements that are prepared and executed within a program while the of processing. Usually CI is 4K. If record length is
program is executing. larger(>1K), chose 6K or 8K. FREESPACE should
The SQL source is contained in host variables rather than being hard coded into the program. The be large if more number of insertions are envisaged.
SQL statement may Usual values are (20 20) when heavy updates are
change from execution to execution. expected. CI size can be calculated.
Q50) What is meant by embedded SQL? Q41) Would you specify FREESPACE for an
A50) They are SQL statements that are embedded with in application program and are prepared during ESDS?
the program Q41) No. Because you cannot insert records in an
preparation process before the program is executed. After it is prepared, the statement itself does not ESDS, also when you rewrite a record, it must be of
change(although the same length. Thus putting any value for
values of host variables specified within the statement might change). freespace does not make any sense.
Q51) What is meant by entity integrity? Q42) What is SHAREOPTS ?
A51) Entity integrity is when the primary key is in fact unique and not null. Q42) SHAREOPTS is a parameter in the DEFINE
Q52) What will EXPLAIN do? and specifies how an object can be shared among
A52) EXPLAIN obtains information (which indexes are used, whether sorting is necessary, which level users. It is coded as SHAREOPTS(a b), where a is
of locking is the cross region share option ie how two or more
applied) about how SQL statements in the DBRM will be executed, inserting this information into jobs on a single system can share the file, while b is
the the cross system share option ie how two or more
“X”.PLAN.TABLE where the “X” is the authorization ID of the owner of the plan. jobs on different MVS’s can share the file. Usual
Q53) What is the foreign key? value is (2 3).
A53) A foreign key is a column (or combination of columns) in a table whose values are required to Q43) What is the meaning of each of the values in
match those of the SHAREOPTS(2 3)?
primary key in some other table. Q43) Value of 2 for cross region means that the file
Q54) What will GRANT option do? can be processed simultaneously by multiple users
A54) It will grant privileges to a list of one or more users. If the GRANT option is used in conjunction provided only one of them is an updater. Value of 3
with the “PUBLIC” for cross system means that any number of jobs can
option, then all users will be granted privileges. Also you can grant privileges by objects and types. process the file for input or output (VSAM does
Q55) What does the term “grant privileges” mean? nothing to ensure integrity).
A55) Grant privileges means giving access/authority to DB2 users. Q44) How do you define a KSDS ?
Q56) What is an image copy? Q44) DEFINE CLUSTER(cluster name) with the
A56) It is an exact reproduction of all or part of a tablespace. DB2 provides utility programs to make INDEXED parameter. Also specify the ds name for
full-image copies (to the DATA component & the ds INDEX component.
copy the entire tablespace) or incremental image copies to copy only those pages that have been Other important parms are RECORDSIZE, KEYS,
modified since the last SHAREOPTIONS.
image copy. Q45) How do you define an ALTINDX ? How do
Q57) What is meant by an index? you use ALTINDXs in batch, CICS pgm’s ?
A57) An index is a set of row identifiers (RIDs) or pointers that are logically ordered by the values of a Q45) DEFINE ALTERNATEINDEX. Important
column that has paramters are RELATE where you specify the base
been specified as being an index. Indexes provide faster access to data and can enforce uniqueness cluster name, KEYS,
on the row in a RECORDSIZE,SHAREOPTIONS,UNIQUEKEY(or
table. NONUNIQUEKEY), DATA(ds name for the data
Q58) What is an index key? component), INDEX(ds name for the index
A58) It is a column or set of columns in a table used to determine the order of index entries. component). Then DEFINE PATH. Important
Q59) What is a join? paramters are NAME (ds name for the path),
A59) A join is a relational operation that allows retrieval of data from two or more tables based on PATHENTRY (ds name of the alternate index
matching columns name), UPDATE(or NOUPDATE) which specifies
values. whether an alt index is updated when a update to the
Q60) What is meant by locking? base cluster takes place. Then BLDINDEX.
A60) Locking is a process that is used to ensure data integrity. It also prevents concurrent users from Parameters are INDATASET(ds name of base
accessing inconsistent cluster), OUTDATASET(ds name of AIX).
data. The data (row) is locked until a commit is executed to release the updated data. Q46) Using Alternate Indexes in Batch pgms:
Q61) What is meant by null? Q46) In the JCL, you must have DD stmts for the
A61) This is a special value that indicates the absence of data in a column. This value is indicated by a cluster and for the path(s). In the COBOL Program,
negative value, SELECT .. ASSIGN TO ddname for base cluster
usually -1. RECORD KEY IS... ALTERNATE RECORD KEY
Q62) What is an object? IS..
A62) An object is anything that is managed by DB2 (that is databases, table spaces, tables, views, Q47) Using Alternate Indexes in CICS pgms:
indexes or synonyms), but Q47) FCT entries must be created for both base
not the data itself. cluster & the path. To read using the alternate index,
Q63) Describe referential integrity? use the dd name of the path in CICS file control
A63) Referential integrity refers to a feature in DB2 that is used to ensure consistency of the data in the commands.
database. Q48) What happens when you open an empty
Q64) Describe a primary key? VSAM file in a COBOL program for input?
A64) A primary key is a key that is unique, non-null, and is part of the definition of a table. A table Q48) A VSAM file that has never contained a record
must have a primary key is treated as unavailable. Attempting to open for
to be defined as a parent. input will fail. An empty file can be opened for
Q65) How would you find out the total number of rows in a table? - GS output only. When you open for output, COBOL
A65) Use SELECT COUNT(*) ... will write a dummy record to the file & then delete it
Q66) How do you eliminate duplicate values in SELECT? - GS out.
A66) Use SELECT DISTINCT ... Q49) How do you initialize a VSAM file before any
Q67) How do you select a row using indexes? - GS operation? a VSAM with alternate index?
A67) Specify the indexed columns in the WHERE clause. Q49) Can write a dummy program that just opens
Q68) What are aggregate functions? the file for output and then closes it.
A68) Bulit-in mathematical functions for use in SELECT clause. Q50) What does a file status of 02 on a VSAM

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Q69) How do you find the maximum value in a column? - GS indicate?

A69) Use SELECT MAX(... Q50) Duplicate alternate key . Happens on both
Q70) Can you use MAX on a CHAR column? input and output operation
A70) YES. Q51) How do you calculate record size of an
Q71) My SQL statement SELECT AVG(SALARY) FROM EMP-TABLE yields inaccurate results. alternate cluster? Give your values for both unique
Why? and nonunique.
A71) Because SALARY is not declared to have Null’s and the employees for whom the salary is not Q51) Unique Case: 5 + ( alt-key-length +
known are also primary-key )
counted. Non unique Case: 5 + ( alt-key-length + n *
Q72) How do you retrieve the first 5 characters of FIRSTNAME column of EMP table? primary-key ) where n = number of duplicate records for
A72) SELECT SUBSTR(FIRSTNAME,1,5) FROM EMP; the alternate key
Q73) How do you concatenate the FIRSTNAME and LASTNAME from EMP table to give a Q52) What is the difference between sequential files
complete name? and ESDS files?
A73) SELECT FIRSTNAME || ' ' || LASTNAME FROM EMP; Q52) Sequential (QSAM) files can be created on
Q74) What is the use of VALUE function? tape while ESDS files cannot. Also, you can have
A74) Avoid negative SQLCODEs by handling nulls and zeroes in computations. ALTINDEX for an ESDS while no such facility
Substitute a numeric value for any nulls used in computation. exists for QSAM files.
Q75) What is UNION,UNION ALL? - GS Q53) How do you load a VSAM data set with
A75) UNION eliminates duplicates records ?
UNION ALL: retains duplicates Q53) Using the REPRO command.
Both these are used to combine the results of different SELECT statements. Q54) How do you define a GDG ?
Q76) Suppose I have five SQL SELECT statements connected by UNION/UNION ALL, how many Q54) Use the DEFINE
times should I GENERATIONDATAGROUP command. In the
specify UNION to eliminate the duplicate rows? - GS same IDCAMS step, another dataset must be defined
A76) Once. whose DCB parameters are used when new
Q77) What is the restriction on using UNION in embedded SQL? generations of the GDG are created. This dataset is
A77) It has to be in a CURSOR. known as the model dataset. The ds name of this
Q78) In the WHERE clause what is BETWEEN and IN? - GS model dataset must be the same as that of the GDG,
A78) BETWEEN supplies a range of values while IN supplies a list of values. so use a disp of keep rather than catlg and also
Q79) Is BETWEEN inclusive of the range values specified? - GS specify space=(trk,0)
A79) Yes. Q55) Do all versions of the GDG have to be of the
Q80) What is 'LIKE' used for in WHERE clause? What are the wildcard characters? - GS same record length ?
A80) LIKE is used for partial string matches. '%' ( for a string of any character ) and '_' (for any single Q55) No, the DCB of the model dataset can be
character ) are the overridden when you allocate new versions.
two wild card characters. Q56) How are different versions of GDG named ?
Q81) When do you use a LIKE statement? Q56) base-file-name.GnnnnnV00 where nnnn=
A81) To do partial search e.g. to search employee by name, you need not specify the complete name; generation number (upto 255). nnnn will be 0000 for
using LIKE, you can the 1st generation.
search for partial string matches. Q57) Suppose 3 generations of a GDG exist. How
Q82) What is the meaning of underscore ( '_' ) in the LIKE statement? - GS would you reference the 1st generation in the JCL? -
A82) Match for any single character. GS
Q83) What do you accomplish by GROUP BY ... HAVING clause? - GS Q57) Use GDG name(-2).
A83) GROUP BY partitions the selected rows on the distinct values of the column on which you group Q58) Suppose a generation of GDG gets created in a
by. HAVING selects particular step of a proc. How would you refer the
GROUPs which match the criteria specified current generation in a subsequent step? What would
Q84) Consider the employee table with column PROJECT nullable. How can you get a list of be the disposition of this generation now? - GS
employees who are not Q58) Relative generation numbers are updated only
assigned to any project? at the end of the job, not at the end of a step. To
A84) SELECT EMPNO FROM EMP WHERE PROJECT IS NULL; allocate a new generation, we would be using (+1)
Q85) What is the result of this query if no rows are selected: with a DISP of (NEW,CATLG,DELETE). To refer
SELECT SUM(SALARY) FROM EMP WHERE QUAL='MSC'; to this in a subsequent step in the same job, we
A85) NULL would again use (+1) but with a DISP of SHR or
Q86) Why SELECT * is not preferred in embedded SQL programs? OLD.
For three reasons: Q59) What more info you should give in the DD
If the table structure is changed (a field is added), the program will have to be modified statement while defining the next generation of a
Program might retrieve the columns which it might not use, leading on I/O over head. GDG? - GS
The chance of an index only scan is lost. Q59) Give (+1) as the generation number, give
Q87) What are correlated subqueries? - GS (new,catlg) for disp, give space parameter, can give
A subquery in which the inner ( nested ) query refers back to the table in the outer query. Correlated the DCB parameter if you want to override the dcb
subqueries must be evaluated for each qualified row of the outer query that is referred to. of the model dataset.
Q88) What is a cursor? Why should it be used? - GS Q60) Assuming that the DEFINE JCL is not
Cursor is a programming device that allows the SELECT to find a set of rows but return them one at a time. available, how do you get info about a VSAM file's
Cursor should be used because the host language can deal with only one row at a time. organisation?
Q89) How would you retrieve rows from a DB2 table in embedded SQL? - GS Q60) Use the LISTCAT command.
Either by using the single row SELECT statements,or by using the CURSOR. Q61) During processing of a VSAM file, some
Q90) Apart from cursor, what other ways are available to you to retrieve a row from a table in system error occurs and it is subsequently unusable .
embedded SQL? - GS What do you do ?
Single row SELECTs. Q61) Run VERIFY.
Q91) How do you specify and use a cursor in a COBOL program? - GS Q62) How do you fix the problem associated with
Use DECLARE CURSOR statement either in working storage or in procedure division (before open cursor), VSAM out of space condition?
to specify the SELECT statement. Then use OPEN, FETCH rows in a loop and finally CLOSE. Q62) Define new VSAM dataset allocated with more
Q92) What happens when you say OPEN CURSOR? space.
If there is an ORDER BY clause, rows are fetched, sorted and made available for the FETCH statement. Use IDCAMS to REPRO the old VSAM file to new
Other wise simply the cursor is placed on the first row. VSAM dataset.
Q93) Is DECLARE CURSOR executable? Use IDCAMS to ALTER / rename the old VSAM
No. dataset or se IDCAMS to DELETE the old VSAM
Q94) Can you have more than one cursor open at any one time in a program ? - GS dataset.
Yes. Use IDCAMS to ALTER / rename the new VSAM
Q95) When you COMMIT, is the cursor closed? dataset to the name of the original VSAM dataset.
Yes. Q63) What is the meaning of VSAM
1. What is SQLCA and SQLDA? RETURN-CODE 28?
2. What is 2 phase commit? Q63) Out of space condition is raised.
Q64) On which datasets You can have ALT
DATABASE 2(DB2) INDEX?.
The questions and answers that follow are intended for those with a working knowledge of DB2 as a “self- Q64) only on KSDS and ESDS - not RRDS
test”. Q65) How many Alternate Indexes you can have on
Q1) What is DB2 (IBM Database 2)? a dataset?

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A1) DB2 is a subsystem of the MVS operating system. It is a Database Management System (DBMS) Q65) 255 - but you must be a nut to have so many
for that operating system. ALT Indexes on a dataset!
Q2) What is an access path? Q66) Is it slower if you access a record through ALT
A2) The path that is used to get to data specified in SQL statements. INDEX as compared to Primary INDEX?
Q3) What is an alias? Q66) Yes. Why? Because the alternate key would
A3) It is an alternate name that can be used in SQL statements to refer to a table or view in the same first locate the primary key, which in turn locates the
or remote DB2 subsystem. actual record. Needs twice the number of I/Os.
Q4) Explain what a plan is? Q67) What is RECOVERY and SPEED parameters
A4) Plan is a DB2 object (produced during the bind process) that associates one or more database in DEFINE CLUSTER command?
request modules with a plan name. Q67) RECOVERY (default) and SPEED are
Q5) What is a DB2 bind? mutually exclusive. Recovery preformats the control
A5) Bind is a process that builds “access paths” to DB2 tables. A bind uses the Database Request areas during the initial dataset load, if the job fails,
Modules(s) (DBRM(s)) from the DB2 pre-compile step as input and produces an application plan. It you can restart but you must have a recovery
also checks the user’s authority and validates the SQL statements in the DBRM(s). routine already written to restart the job. SPEED
Q6) What information is used as input to the bind process? does not preformat the CAs. It is recommended that
A6) The database request module produced during the pre-compile. The SYSIBM.SYSSTMT table of you specify SPEED to speed up your initial data
the DB2 catalog. load.
Q7) What is meant by the attachment facility? Q68) Describe SHAREOPTIONS parameter (SHR)
A7) The attachment facility is an interface between DB2 and TSO, IMS/VS, CICS, or batch address in Define Cluster command.
spaces. It allows application programs to access DB2. Q68) It defines the cross-region and cross-system
Q8) What is meant by AUTO COMMIT? sharing capabilities of the dataset. Syntax is
A8) AUTO COMMIT is a SPUFI option that commits the effects of SQL statements automatically if SHR(Crvalue, CSvalue) value 1 means multiple read
they are successfully executed. OR single write (read integrity) 2 means multiple
Q9) What is a base table? read AND single write (Write integrity) 3 means
A9) A base table is a real table - a table that physically exists in that there are physical stored records. Multiple read AND multiple write 4 is same as 3,
Q10) What is the function of buffer manager? which refreshes the buffer with every random
A10) The buffer manager is the DB2 component responsible for physically transferring data access. default is SHR(1 3).
between an external medium and (virtual) storage (performs the actual I/O operations). It Q69) What does the KEYRANGES parameter in
minimizes the amount of physical I/O actually performed with sophisticated buffering Define Cluster commend do?
techniques(i.e., read-ahead buffering and look-aside buffering). A69) It divides a large dataset into several volumes
Q11) What is a buffer pool? according to the Key ranges specified. e.g.,
A11) A buffer pool is main storage that is reserved to satisfy the buffering requirements for one or KEYRANGES ((0000001 2999999) (3000000
more tablespaces or indexes, and is made up of either 4K or 32K pages. 5999999)). if the activity on the key ranges are
Q12) How many buffer pools are there in DB2? evenly distributed, concurrent access is possible,
A12) There are four buffer pools: BP0, BP1, BP2, and BP32. which is a performance improvement.
Q13) On the create tablespace, what does the CLOSE parameter do? Q70) What are the optional parameters to the input
A13) CLOSE physically closes the tablespace when no one is working on the object. DB2 (release dataset While loading the empty cluster with the data
2.3) will logically close tablespaces. records?
Q14) What is a clustering index? A70) 1)FROMADDRESS(address)
A14) It is a type of index that (1) locates table rows and (2) determines how rows are grouped 2)TOADDRESS(address) where 'address' specifies
together in the tablespace. the RBA value of the key of the input record.
Q15) What will the COMMIT accomplish? 3)FROMNUMBER(rrn) 4)TONUMBER(rrn) where
A15) COMMIT will allow data changes to be permanent. This then permits the data to be 'rrn' specifies the relative record number of the
accessed by other units of work. When a COMMIT occurs, locks are freed so other applications RRDS record 5)FROMKEY(key) 6)TOKEY(key)
can reference the just committed data. where 'key' specifies the key of the input record
Q16) What is meant by concurrency? 7)SKIP(number) 8)COUNT(number) where
A16) Concurrency is what allows more than one DB2 application process to access the same data 'number' specifies the number of records to skip or
at essentially the same time. Problems may occur, such as lost updates, access to uncommitted copy Ex: REPRO INFILE(DD1) OUTFILE(DD2)
data, and un-repeatable reads. SKIP(9000) COUNT(700) - Skips the first 9000
Q17) What is cursor stability? records and begins copying at 9001 and copies 700
A17) It is cursor stability that “tells” DB2 that database values read by this application are records from DD1 to DD2.
protected only while they are being used. (Changed values are protected until this application Q71) What is IDCAMS? and what is the purpose of
reaches the commit point). As soon as a program moves from one row to another, other programs it?.
may read or the first row. A71) IDCAMS is an access method services utility
Q18) What is the function of the Data Manager? used for creating, deleting, altering VSAM files and
A18) The Data Manager is a DB2 component that manager the physical databases. It invokes copying sequential file to a VSAM file, etc.
other system components, as necessary, to perform detailed functions such as locking, logging, Q72) How to delete a member using JCL.
and physical I/O operations (such as search, retrieval, update, and index maintenance). A72) Using IDCAMS a member can be deleted.
Q19) What is a Database Request Module(DBRM)? DELETE 'XXX.YYY(member)
A19) A DBRM is a DB2 component created by the DB2 pre-compiler containing the SQL source Q73) What is the Difference between LDS & ESDS
statements extracted from the application program. DBRMs are input to the bind process. ?
Q20) What is a data page? A73) These two datasets are VSAM datasets. ESDS
A20) A data page is a unit of retrievable data, either 4K or 32K (depending on how the table is maintains control information. But LDS does not
defined), containing user or catalog information. maintains the control information.
Q21) What are data types? Q74) Is a delete operation possible in an ESDS?B.
A21) They are attributes of columns, literals, and host variables. The data types are SMALLINT, Is rewrite operation possible in ESDS ?
INTEGER, FLOAT, DECIMAL, CHAR, VARCHAR, DATE and TIME. A74) No delete operation is not possible in VSAM
Q22) What is Declaration Generator(DCLGEN)? ESDS.B. Yes rewrite operation is possible in an
A22) DCLGEN is a facility that is used to generate SQL statements that describe a table or view. ESDS.
These table or view descriptions are then used to check the validity of other SQL statements at Q75) What is an alternate index and path ?
precompile time. The table or view declares are used by the DB2I utility DCLGEN to build a host A75) An alternate index is an another way of
language structure, which is used by the DB2 precompiler to verify that correct column names and accessing key sequenced data record stored in a base
data types have been specified in the SQL statement. cluster and path is the linkage which connect
Q23) What does DSNDB07 database do? alternate index to its base cluster.
A23) DSNDB07 is where DB2 does its sorting. It includes DB2’s sort work area and external Q76) How many buffers are allotted to VSAM
storage. KSDS and ESDS?
Q24) What will the FREE command do to a plan? A76) 2 data buffers by default for ESDS. For KSDS
A24) It will drop(delete) that existing plan. it allots 2 data buffers and 1 index buffers. each
Q25) What is a host variable? buffer is about 4k.
A25) This is a data item that is used in an SQL statement to receive a value or to supply a value. Q77) what's the biggest disadvantage of using a
It must be preceded by a colon (:) to tell DB2 that the variable is not a column name. VSAM dataset?
Q26) What will the DB2 optimizer do? A77) FREE SPACE(FPSC)
A26) The optimizer is a DB2 component that processes SQL statements and selects the access Q78) what's the device independent method to
paths. indicate where a Record is Stored?
Q27) What is a page? A78) By USING RBA(Relative Byte Address).
A27) This is the unit of storage within a table space or indexspace that is accessed by DB2. Q79) How many times secondary space allocated?
Q28) What is pagespace? A79) 122 TIMES

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A28) Pagespace refers to either to an unpartitioned table, to an index space, or to a single partition Q80) what is the RRN for the first record in RRDS?
of a partitioned table of index space. A80) The answer is : 1
Q29) What is a predicate? Q81) what is a Base Cluster?
A29) A predicate is an element of a search condition that expresses or implies a comparison A81) The Index and data components of a KSDS
operation. Q82) If FSPC(100 100) is specified does it mean
Q30) What is a recovery log? that both the control interval and control area will be
A30) A recovery log is a collection of records that describes the sequence of events that occur in left empty because 100 % of both CI and ca are
DB2. The information is needed for recovery in the event of a failure during execution. specified to be empty?
Q31) What is a Resource Control Table(RCT)? Describe its characteristics. A82) No, they would not be left empty. one record
A31) The RCT is a table that is defined to a DB2/CICS region. It contains control characteristics will be written in each CI and 1 CI will be written for
which are assembled via the DSNCRCT macros. The RCT matches the CICS transaction ID to each ca.
its associated DB2 authorization ID and plan ID(CICS attachment facility). Last Updated on Wednesday, 21 April 2010 09:39
Q32) Where are plans stored?
A32) Each plan is defined uniquely in the SYSIBM.SYSPLANS table to correspond to the
transaction (s) that are to execute that plan. JCL Interview
Q33) What is meant by repeatable read?
A33) When an application program executes with repeatable read protection, rows referenced by Questions
the program can’t be changed by other programs until the program reaches a commit point.
Q34) Describe what a storage group(STOGROUP) is? Written by Administrator
A34) A STOGROUP is a named collection of DASD volumes to be used by tablespaces and Tuesday, 20 April 2010 06:38
index spaces of databases. The volumes of STOGROUP must be of the same device type. JCL (JOB CONTROL LANGUAGE) Frequently Asked
Q35) How would you move a tablespace (using STOGROUP) to a different DASD volume Questions (FAQS) :
allocated to that tablespace? Q1) What is a Generation Data Group (GDG)?
A35) If the tablespace used is only allocated to that STOGROUP: A1) Generation Data Group is a group of
- ALTER STOGROUP - add volume (new) delete volume(old) chronologically or functionally related datasets.
- REORG TABLESPACE or RECOVER TABLESPACE GDGs are processed periodically, often by adding a
Create a new STOGROUP that points to the new volume. ALTER the tablespace and REORG or new generation, retaining previous generations, and
RECOVER the sometimes discarding the oldest generation.
tablespace. Q2) How is a GDG base created?
Q36) What is the format (internal layout) of “TIMESTAMP”? A2) A GDG base is created in the system catalog
A36) This is a seven part value that consists of a date (yymmdd) and time(hhmmss and and keeps track of the generation numbers used for
microseconds). datasets in the group. IDCAMS utility is used to
Q37) What is meant by a unit of recovery? define the GDG base.
A37) This is a sequence of operations within a unit of work(i.e., work done between commit Q3) What is model dataset label(Model DSCB)?
points). A3) A model dataset label is a pattern for the dataset
Q38) Can DASD types assigned to storage groups be intermixed(i.e., 3350s and 3380s)? label created for any dataset named as a part of the
A38) No GDG group. The system needs an existing dataset to
Q39) What are the three types of page locks that can be held? serve as a model to supply the DCB parameters for
A39) Exclusive, update, and share. the generation data group one wishes to create. The
Q40) Can DB2 be accessed by TSO users? If yes, which command is used to invoke DB2? model dataset label must be cataloged. The model
A40) DB2 can be invoked by TSO users by using the DSN RUN command. DSCB name is placed on the DCB parameter on the
Q41) How are write I/Os from the buffer pool executed? DD statement that creates the generation data group.
A41) Asynchronously. Q4) How are GDGs concatenated?
Q42) What is a DB2 catalog? A4) Generation Data Groups are concatenated by
A42) The DB2 catalog is a set of tables that contain information about all of the DB2 specifying each dataset name and the generation
objects(tables, views, plans etc.). number for all generations of the generation data
Q43) In which column of which DB2 catalog would you find the length of the rows for all tables? group. Otherwise to have all generations of a
A43) In the RECLENGTH column of SYSIBM.SYSTABLES generation data group, omit the generation number.
Q44) What information is held in SYSIBM.SYSCOPY? The DD statement will refer to all generations. The
A44) The SYSIBM.SYSCOPY table contains information about image copies made of the result is the same as if all individual datasets were
tablespaces. concatenated. If generations are not on the same
Q45) What information is contained in a SYSCOPY entry? volume, this will not work.
A45) Included is the name of the database, the table space name, and the image copy type(full or Q5) How is a new GDG coded?
incremental etc.,) as well as the date and time each copy was made. A5) A new GDG is coded as (+1) after the dataset
Q46) What information can you find in SYSIBM.SYSLINKS table? name as follows: DSN=JAN.DATA(+1). This will
A46) The SYSIBM.SYSLINKS table contains information about the links between tables created cause all generations to be pushed down one level at
by referential constraints. the end of the job.
Q47) Where would you find information about the type of database authority held by the user? Q6) When should DISP=MOD is used?
A47) SYSIBM.SYSDBAUTH. A6) DISP=MOD is used to either extend an existing
Q48) Where could you look if you had a question about whether a column has been defined as an sequential dataset or to create a dataset if it does not
index? exist. If the dataset exists, then records are appended
A48) This information can be found in SYSIBM.SYSINDEXES. to the dataset at the end of the existing dataset. If
Q49) Once you create a view, where would information about the view be stored? the dataset does not exist, the system treats MOD as
A49) When a view is created, system information about the view is stored in if it were NEW, provided that the volume parameter
SYSIBM.SYSVIEWS. has not been used. If the volume parameter is used,
Q50) What is the SQL Communications Area and what are some of its key fields? the system terminates the job and does not create
A50) It is a data structure that must be included in any host-language program using SQL. It is the new dataset. MOD can be used to add to a
used to pass feedback about the sql operations to the program. Fields are return codes, error dataset that extends onto several volumes. Always
messages, handling codes and warnings. specify a disposition of CATLG with MOD for
Q51) What is DCLGEN? cataloged datasets, even if they are already
A51) DCLGEN stands for declarations generator; it is a facility to generate DB2 sql data cataloged, so that any additional volume serial
structures in COBOL or PL/I programs. numbers will be recorded in the catalog.
Q52) How do you leave the cursor open after issuing a COMMIT? (for DB2 2.3 or above only) Q7) How is a dataset passed from one step to another?
A52) Use WITH HOLD option in DECLARE CURSOR statement. But, it has not effect in A7) A dataset is passed from one step to another
psuedo-conversational CICS programs. based on what is coded on the DISP parameter. The
Q53) Give the COBOL definition of a VARCHAR field. dataset can only be passed to subsequent steps if
A53) A VARCHAR column REMARKS would be defined as follows: PASS was used on the disposition parameter.
... Q8) How are datasets concatenated?
10 REMARKS. 08) Datasets are concatenated by writing a normal
49 REMARKS-LEN PIC S9(4) USAGE COMP. DD statement for the first dataset and then adding a
49 REMARKS-TEXT PIC X(1920). DD statement without a DDNAME for each dataset
Q54) What is the physical storage length of each of the following DB2 data types: DATE, TIME, to be concatenated in the order they are to be read.
TIMESTAMP? The following is an example of three datasets
A54) DATE: 4bytes concatenated:
TIME: 3bytes //YEARDAT DD
TIMESTAMP: 10bytes DSN=JAN.DATA,DISP=SHR
Q55) What is the COBOL picture clause of the following DB2 data types: DATE, TIME, // DD DSN=FEB.DATA,DISP=SHR

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TIMESTAMP? // DD DSN=MAR.DATA,DISP=SHR
A55) DATE: PIC X(10) Q9) What is the difference between the JOBLIB and the
TIME : PIC X(08) STEPLIB statements?
TIMESTAMP: PIC X(26) A9) The JOBLIB statement is placed after the JOB
Q56) What is the COBOL picture clause for a DB2 column defined as DECIMAL(11,2)? - GS statement and is effective for all job steps. It cannot be
A56) PIC S9(9)V99 COMP-3. placed in a
Note: In DECIMAL(11,2), 11 indicates the size of the data type and 2 indicates the precision. cataloged procedure. The STEPLIB statement is placed
Q57) What is DCLGEN ? - GS after the EXEC statement and is effective for that job step
A57) DeCLarations GENerator: used to create the host language copy books for the table only. Unlike the JOBLIB statement, the STEPLIB can be
definitions. Also creates the DECLARE table. placed in a cataloged procedure.
Q58) What are the contents of a DCLGEN? - GS Q10) Name some of the JCL statements that are
A58) EXEC SQL DECLARE TABLE statement which gives the layout of the table/view in terms not allowed in procs.?
of DB2 datatypes. A10) Some of the JCL statements which are not allowed in
A host language copy book that gives the host variable definitions for the column names. procedures are:
Q59) Is it mandatory to use DCLGEN? If not, why would you use it at all? - GS 1. JOB, Delimiter(/*), or Null
A59) It is not mandatory to use DCLGEN. Using DCLGEN, helps detect wrongly spelt column statements
names etc. during the pre-compile stage itself (because of the DECLARE TABLE ). DCLGEN 2. JOBLIB or JOBCAT DD statements
being a tool, would generate accurate host variable definitions for the table reducing chances of 3. DD * or DATA statements
error. 4. Any JES2 or JES3 control statements
Q60) Is DECLARE TABLE in DCLGEN necessary? Why it used? Q11) What is primary allocation for a dataset?
A60) It not necessary to have DECLARE TABLE statement in DCLGEN. This is used by the A11) The space allocated when the dataset is first
pre-compiler to validate the table-name, view-name, column name etc., during pre-compile. created.
Q61) Will precompile of an DB2-COBOL program bomb, if DB2 is down? Q12) What is the difference between primary and
A61) No. Because the precompiler does not refer to the DB2 catalogue tables. secondary allocations for a dataset?
Q62) How is a typical DB2 batch program executed ? A12) Secondary allocation is done when more space
A62) There are two methods of executing a DB2-batch program is required than what has already been allocated.
1. Use DSN utility to run a DB2 batch program from native TSO. An example is shown: Q13) How many extents are possible for a
DSN SYSTEM(DSP3) sequential file ? For a VSAM file ?
RUN PROGRAM(EDD470BD) PLAN(EDD470BD) LIB('EDGS01T.OBJ.LOADLIB') A13) 16 extents on a volume for a sequential file
END and 123 for a VSAM file.
2. Use IKJEFT01 utility program to run the above DSN command in a JCL. Q14) What does a disposition of
Q63) Assuming that a site's standard is that pgm name = plan name, what is the easiest way to find (NEW,CATLG,DELETE) mean? - GS
out which A14) That this is a new dataset and needs to be
programs are affected by change in a table's structure? allocated, to CATLG the dataset if the step is
A63) Query the catalogue tables SYSPLANDEP and SYSPACKDEP. successful and to delete the dataset if the step
Q64) Name some fields from SQLCA. abends.
A64) SQLCODE, SQLERRM, SQLERRD Q15) What does a disposition of
Q65) How can you quickly find out the number of rows updated after an update statement? (NEW,CATLG,KEEP) mean? - GS
A65) Check the value stored in SQLERRD(3). A15) That this is a new dataset and needs to be
Q66) What is EXPLAIN? - GS allocated, to CATLG the dataset if the step is
A66) EXPLAIN is used to display the access path as determined by the optimizer for a SQL successful and to KEEP but not CATLG the
statement. It can be used in SPUFI (for single SQL statement) or in BIND step (for embedded dataset if the step abends. Thus if the step abends,
SQL). The results of EXPLAIN is stored in U.PLAN_TABLE where U is the authorization id of the dataset would not be catalogued and we would
the user need to supply the vol. ser the next time we refer
Q67) What do you need to do before you do EXPLAIN? to it.
A67) Make sure that the PLAN_TABLE is created under the AUTHID. Q16) How do you access a file that had a
Q68) Where is the output of EXPLAIN stored? - GS disposition of KEEP? - GS
A68) In USERID.PLAN_TABLE A16) Need to supply Volume Serial Number
Q69) EXPLAIN has output with MATCHCOLS = 0. What does it mean? - GS VOL=SER=xxxx.
A69) A nonmatching index scan if ACCESSTYPE = I. Q17) MOD, DELETE; What does a disposition of
Q70) How do you do the EXPLAIN of a dynamic SQL statement? (,DELETE) mean ?
A70) There are two methods to achieve this: A17) The MOD will cause the dataset to be
1. Use SPUFI or QMF to EXPLAIN the dynamic SQL statement created (if it does not exist), and then the two
2. Include EXPLAIN command in the embedded dynamic SQL statements DELETEs will cause the dataset to be deleted
Q71) How do you simulate the EXPLAIN of an embedded SQL statement in SPUFI/QMF? Give an whether the step abends or not. This disposition is
example with a host variable in WHERE clause) used to clear out a dataset at the beginning of a
A71) Use a question mark in place of a host variable (or an unknown value). For instance, job.
SELECT EMP_NAME FROM EMP WHERE EMP_SALARY > ? Q18) What is the DD statement for a output file?
Q72) What are the isolation levels possible ? - GS A18) Unless allocated earlier, will have the
A72) CS: Cursor Stability following parameters:
RR: Repeatable Read DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE), UNIT ,
Q73) What is the difference between CS and RR isolation levels? SPACE & DCB
A73) CS: Releases the lock on a page after use Q19) What do you do if you do not want to keep
RR: Retains all locks acquired till end of transaction all the space allocated to a dataset? - GS
Q74) When do you specify the isolation level? How? A19) Specify the parameter RLSE ( release ) in
A74) During the BIND process(ISOLATION LEVEL is a parameter for the bind process). the SPACE e.g. SPACE=(CYL,(50,50),RLSE)
ISOLATION ( CS/RR )... Q20) What is DISP= (NEW,PASS,DELETE)?
Q75) I use CS and update a page. Will the lock be released after I am done with that page? A20) This is a new file and create it, if the step
A75) No. terminates normally, pass it to the subsequent
Q76) What are the various locking levels available? steps and if step abends, delete it. This dataset will
A76) PAGE, TABLE, TABLESPACE not exist beyond the JCL.
Q77) How does DB2 determine what lock-size to use? Q21) How do you create a temporary dataset?
A77) There are three methods to determine the lock-size. They are: Where will you use them?
1. Based on the lock-size given while creating the tablespace A21) Temporary datasets can be created either by
2. Programmer can direct the DB2 what lock-size to use not specifying any DSNAME or by specifying the
3. If lock-size ANY is specified, DB2 usually choses a lock-size of PAGE temporary file indicator as in DSN=&&TEMP.
Q78) What are the disadvantages of PAGE level lock? We use them to carry the output of one step to
A78) High resource utilization if large updates are to be done another step in the same job. The dataset will not
Q79) What is lock escalation? be retained once the job completes.
A79) Promoting a PAGE lock-size to table or tablespace lock-size when a transaction has aquired Q22) How do you restart a PROC from a
more locks than specified in NUMLKTS. Locks should be taken on objects in single tablespace particular step? - GS
for escalation to occur. A22) In job card, specify
Q80) What are the various locks available? RESTART=PROCSTEP.STEPNAME where
A80) SHARE, EXCLUSIVE, UPDATE PROCSTEP = name of the JCL step that invoked
Q81) Can I use LOCK TABLE on a view? the PROC and STEPNAME = name of the PROC
A81) No. To lock a view, take lock on the underlying tables. step where you want execution to start
Q82) What is ALTER ? - GS Q23) How do you skip a particular step in a

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A82) SQL command used to change the definition of DB2 objects. proc/JOB? - GS
Q83) What is a DBRM, PLAN ? A23) Can use either condition codes or use the jcl
A83) DBRM: Data Base Request Module, has the SQL statements extracted from the host control statement IF (only in ESA JCL)\
language program by the pre-compiler. PLAN: A result of the BIND process. It has the executable Q24) A PROC has five steps. Step 3 has a
code for the SQL statements in the DBRM. condition code. How can you override/nullify this
Q84) What is ACQUIRE/RELEASE in BIND? condition code? - GS
A84) Determine the point at which DB2 acquires or releases locks against table and tablespaces, A24) Provide the override on the EXEC stmt in
including intent locks. the JCL as follows:
Q85) What else is there in the PLAN apart from the access path? - GS //STEP001 EXEC procname,
A85) PLAN has the executable code for the SQL statements in the host program COND.stepname=value
Q86) What happens to the PLAN if index used by it is dropped? All parameters on an EXEC stmt in the proc such as
A86) Plan is marked as invalid. The next time the plan is accessed, it is rebound. COND, PARM have to be overridden like this.
Q87) What are PACKAGES ? - GS Q25) How do you override a specific
A87) They contain executable code for SQL statements for one DBRM. DDNAME/SYSIN in PROC from a JCL?
Q88) What are the advantages of using a PACKAGE? A25) //<STEPNAME.DD> DSN=...
A88) The advantages of using PACKAGE are: Q26) What is NOTCAT 2 - GS
1. Avoid having to bind a large number of DBRM members into a plan A26) This is an MVS message indicating that a
2. Avoid cost of a large bind duplicate catalog entry exists. E.g., if you already
3. Avoid the entire transaction being unavailable during bind and automatic rebind of a plan have a dataset with dsn = 'xxxx.yyyy' and u try to
4. Minimize fallback complexities if changes result in an error. create one with disp new, catlg, you would get this
Q89) What is a collection? error. the program open and write would go
A89) A user defined name that is the anchor for packages. It has not physical existence. Main through and at the end of the step the system
usage is to group packages. would try to put it in the system catalog. at this
Q90) In SPUFI suppose you want to select maximum of 1000 rows, but the select returns only 200 point since an entry already exists the catlg would
rows. What are the 2 SQLCODEs that are returned? - GS fail and give this message. you can fix the problem
A90) +100 (for successful completion of the query), 0 (for successful COMMIT if by deleting/uncataloging the first data set and going
AUTOCOMMIT is set to Yes). to the volume where the new dataset exists(this
Q91) How would you print the output of an SQL statement from SPUFI? - GS info is in the msglog of the job) and cataloging it.
A91) Print the output dataset. Q27) What is 'S0C7' abend? - GS
Q92) Lot of updates have been done on a table due to which indexes have gone haywire. What do A27) Caused by invalid data in a numeric field.
you do? Q28) What is a S0C4 error ? - GS
A92) Looks like index page split has occurred. DO a REORG of the indexes. A28) Storage violation error - can be due to
Q93) What is dynamic SQL? - GS various reasons. e.g.: READING a file that is not
A93) Dynamic SQL is a SQL statement created at program execution time. open, invalid address referenced due to subscript
Q94) When is the access path determined for dynamic SQL? - GS error.
A94) At run time, when the PREPARE statement is issued. Q29) What are SD37, SB37, SE37 abends?
Q95) Suppose I have a program which uses a dynamic SQL and it has been performing well till now. A29) All indicate dataset out of space. SD37 - no
Off late, I find that the performance has deteriorated. What happened? - GS secondary allocation was specified. SB37 - end of
A95) There may be one of the following reasons: vol. and no further volumes specified. SE37 -
Probably RUN STATS is not done and the program is using a wrong index due to incorrect stats. Max. of 16 extents already allocated.
Probably RUNSTATS is done and optimizer has chosen a wrong access path based on the latest Q30) What is S322 abend ?
statistics. A30) Indicates a time out abend. Your program
Q96) How does DB2 store NULL physically? has taken more CPU time than the default limit for
A96) As an extra-byte prefix to the column value. Physically, the null prefix is Hex '00' if the the job class. Could indicate an infinite loop.
value is present and Hex 'FF' if it is not. Q31) Why do you want to specify the REGION
Q97) How do you retrieve the data from a nullable column? - GS parameter in a JCL step? - GS
A97) Use null indicators. Syntax ... INTO :HOSTVAR:NULLIND A31) To override the REGION defined at the JOB
Q98) What is the picture clause of the null indicator variable? - GS card level. REGION specifies the max region size.
A98) S9(4) COMP. REGION=0K or 0M or omitting REGION means
Q99) What does it mean if the null indicator has -1, 0, -2? - GS no limit will be applied.
A99) -1 : the field is null; 0 : the field is not null; -2 : the field value is truncated Q32) What does the TIME parameter signify ?
Q100) How do you insert a record with a nullable column? What does TIME=1440 mean ?
A100) To insert a NULL, move -1 to the null indicator, To insert a valid value, move 0 to the null A32) TIME parameter can be used to overcome
indicator S322 abends for programs that genuinely need
Q101) What is RUNSTATS? - GS more CPU time. TIME=1440 means no CPU time
A101) A DB2 utility used to collect statistics about the data values in tables which can be used by limit is to be applied to this step.
the optimizer to decide the access path. It also collects statistics used for space management. Q33) What is COND=EVEN ?
These statistics are stored in DB2 catalog tables. A33) Means execute this step even if any of the
Q102) When will you chose to run RUNSTATS? previous steps, terminated abnormally.
A102) After a load, or after mass updates, inserts, deletes, or after REORG. Q34) What is COND=ONLY ?
Q103) Give some example of statistics collected during RUNSTATS? A34) Means execute this step only if any of the
A103) Number of rows in the table, Percent of rows in clustering sequence, Number of distinct previous steps, terminated abnormally.
values of indexed column, Number of rows moved to a nearby/fairway page due to row length Q35) How do you check the syntax of a JCL
increase without running it?
Q104) What is REORG? When is it used? A35) TYPERUN=SCAN on the JOB card or use
A104) REORG reorganizes data on physical storage to reclutser rows, positioning overflowed JSCAN.
rows in their proper sequence, to reclaim space, to restore free space. It is used after heavy Q36) What does IEBGENER do?
updates, inserts and delete activity and after segments of a segmented tablespace have become A36) Used to copy one QSAM file to another.
fragmented. Source dataset should be described using SYSUT1
Q105) What is IMAGECOPY ? - GS ddname. Destination dataset should be described
A105) It is full backup of a DB2 table which can be used in recovery. using SYSUT2. IEBGENR can also do some
Q106) When do you use the IMAGECOPY? - GS reformatting of data by supplying control cards via
A106) To take routine backup of tables, After a LOAD with LOG NO and After REORG with SYSIN.
LOG NO Q37) How do you send the output of a COBOL
Q107) What is COPY PENDING status? program to a member of a PDS?
A107) A state in which, an image copy on a table needs to be taken, In this status, the table is A37) Code the DSN as PDS (member) with a
available only for queries. You cannot update this table. To remove the COPY PENDING status, DISP = SHR. The DISP applies to the PDS and
you take an image copy or use REPAIR utility. not to a specific member.
Q108) What is CHECK PENDING ? Q38) I have multiple jobs ( JCLs with several JOB
A108) When a table is LOADed with ENFORCE NO option, then the table is left in CHECK cards ) in a member. What happens if I submit it?
PENDING status. It means that the LOAD utility did not perform constraint checking. A38) Multiple jobs are submitted (as many jobs as
Q109) What is QUIESCE? the number of JOB cards).
A109) A QUIESCE flushes all DB2 buffers on to the disk. This gives a correct snapshot of the Q39) I have a COBOL program that Accepts
database and should be used before and after any IMAGECOPY to maintain consistency. some input data. How do you code the JCL
Q110) What is a clustering index ? - GS statement for this?
A110) Causes the data rows to be stored in the order specified in the index. A mandatory index ( How do you code instream data in a JCL? )
defined on a partitioned table space. A39) //SYSIN DD*

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Q111) How many clustering indexes can be defined for a table? input data
A111) Only one. input data
Q112) What is the difference between primary key & unique index ? /*
A112) Primary Key: a relational database constraint. Primary key consists of one or more Q40) Can you code instream data in a PROC ?
columns that uniquely identify a row in the table. For a normalized relation, there is one A40) No.
designated primary key. Q41) How do you overcome this limitation ?
Unique index: a physical object that stores only unique values. There can be one or more unique A41) One way is to code SYSIN DD DUMMY in
indexes on a table. the PROC, and then override this from the JCL
Q113) What is sqlcode -922 ? with instream data.
A113) Authorization failure Q42) How do you run a COBOL batch program
Q114) What is sqlcode -811? from a JCL? How do you run a COBOL/DB2
A114) SELECT statement has resulted in retrieval of more than one row. program?
Q115) What does the sqlcode of -818 pertain to? - GS A42) To run a non DB2 program,
A115) This is generated when the consistency tokens in the DBRM and the load module are //STEP001 EXEC PGM=MYPROG
different. To run a DB2 program,
Q116) Are views updatable ? //STEP001 EXEC PGM=IKJEFT01
A116) Not all of them. Some views are updatable e.g. single table view with all the fields or //SYSTSIN DD *
mandatory fields. Examples of non-updatable views are views which are joins, views that contain DSN SYSTEM(....)
aggregate functions (such as MIN), and views that have GROUP BY clause. RUN PROGRAM(MYPROG)
Q117) If I have a view which is a join of two or more tables, can this view be updatable? - GS PLAN(.....) LIB(....) PARMS(...)
A117) No. /*
Q118) What are the 4 environments which can access DB2 ? Q43) What is STEPLIB, JOBLIB? What is it used
A118) TSO, CICS, IMS and BATCH for? - GS
Q119) What is an inner join, and an outer join ? A43) Specifies that the private library (or libraries)
A119) Inner Join: combine information from two or more tables by comparing all values that meet specified should be searched before the default
the search criteria in the designated column or columns of one table with all the values in system libraries in order to locate a program to be
corresponding columns of the other table or tables. This kind of join which involve a match in executed. STEPLIB applies only to the particular
both columns are called inner joins. step, JOBLIB to all steps in the job.
Outer join : Is one in which you want both matching and non matching rows to be returned. DB2 Q44) What is order of searching of the libraries in
has no specific operator for outer joins, it can be simulated by combining a join and a correlated a JCL? - GS
sub query with a UNION. A44) First any private libraries as specified in the
Q120) What is FREEPAGE and PCTFREE in TABLESPACE creation? STEPLIB or JOBLIB, then the system libraries
A120) PCTFREE: percentage of each page to be left free such as SYS1.LINKLIB. The system libraries are
FREEPAGE: Number of pages to be loaded with data between each free page specified in the link list.
Q121) What are simple, segmented and partitioned table spaces ? Q45) What happens if both JOBLIB and
A121) Simple Tablespace: Can contain one or more tables. Rows from multiple tables can be STEPLIB is specified ?
interleaved on a page A45) JOBLIB is ignored.
under the DBA’s control and maintenance Q46) When you specify mutiple datasets in a
Segmented Tablespace: Can contain one or more tables. Tablespace is divided into segments of 4 JOBLIB or STEPLIB, what factor determines the
to 64 pages in order? - GS
increments of 4 pages. Each segment is dedicated to single table. A A46) The library with the largest block size should
table can occupy be the first one.
multiple segments Q47) How to change default PROCLIB?
Partitioned Tablespace: Can contain one table. Tablespace is divided into parts and each part is A47) //ABCD JCLLIB ORDER=
put in a separate (ME.MYPROCLIB,SYS1.PROCLIB)
VSAM dataset. Q48) The disp in the JCL is MOD and the program
Q122) What is filter factor? opens the file in OUTPUT mode. What happens ?
A122) One divided by the number of distinct values of a column. The DISP in the JCL is SHR and the program opens
Q123) What is index cardinality? - GS the file in EXTEND mode. What happens ?
A123) The number of distinct values a column or columns contain. A48) Records will be written to end of file
Q124) What is a synonym ? (append) when a WRITE is done in both cases.
A124) Synonym is an alternate name for a table or view used mainly to hide the leading qualifier Q49) What are the valid DSORG values ?
of a table or view.. A synonym is accessible only by the creator. A49) PS - QSAM, PO - Partitioned, IS - ISAM
Q125) What is the difference between SYNONYM and ALIAS? Q50) What are the differences between JES2 &
A125) SYNONYM : is dropped when the table or tablespace is dropped. Synonym is available JES3 ?
only to the creator. A50) JES3 allocates datasets for all the steps
ALIAS : is retained even if table or tablespace is dropped. ALIAS can be created even if the table before the job is scheduled. In JES2, allocation of
does datasets required by a step are done only just
not exist. It is used mainly in distributed environment to hide the location before the step executes.
information from Q51) What are the causes for S0C1, S0C4, S0C5,
programs. Alias is a global object & is available to all. S0C7, S0CB abends ?
Q126) What do you mean by NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT? When will you use it? A51) S0C1-May be due to 1.Missing or misspelled
A126) This column cannot have nulls and while insertion, if no value is supplied then it will have DD name 2.Read/Write to unopened dataset
zeroes, spaces or date/time depending on whether it is numeric, character or date/time.Use it when 3.Read to dataset opened
you do not want to have nulls but at the same time cannot give values all the time you insert this output 4.Write to dataset opened input 5.Called
row. subprogram not found
Q127) What do you mean by NOT NULL? When will you use it? S0C4-may be due to 1.Missing Select
A127) The column cannot have nulls. Use it for key fields. statement(during compile) 2.Bad Subscript/index
Q128) When would you prefer to use VARCHAR? 3.Protection Exception
A128) When a column which contains long text, e.g. remarks, notes, may have in most cases less 4.Missing parameters on called subprogram
than 50% of the maximum length. 5.Read/Write to unopened file 6.Move data from/to
Q129) What are the disadvantages of using VARCHAR? unopened file
A129) Can lead to high space utilization if most of the values are close to maximum. S0C5-May be due to 1.Bad Subscript/index
Positioning of VARCHAR column has to be done carefully as it has performance implications. 2.Closing an unopened dataset 3.Bad exit from a
Relocation of rows to different pages can lead to more I/Os on retrieval. perform 4.Access to I/O
Q130) How do I create a table MANAGER (EMP-NO, MANAGER) where MANAGER is a area(FD) before read
foreign key which references to EMP-NO in the same table? Give the exact DDL. S0C7-may be due to 1.Numeric operation on
A130) First CREATE MANAGER table with EMP-NO as the primary key. Then ALTER it to non-numeric data 2.Un-initialize working-storage
define the foreign key. 3.Coding past the
Q131) When is the authorization check on DB2 objects done - at BIND time or run time? maximum allowed sub script
A131) At run time. S0CB-may be due to 1.Division by Zero
Q132) What is auditing? Q52) What are the kinds of job control
A132) Recording SQL statements that access a table. Specified at table creation time or through statements?
alter. A52) The JOB, EXEC and DD statement.
Q133) max number of columns in a db2 table Q53) What is the meaning of keyword in JCL?
A133) 224 What is its opposite?
Q134) I need to view the number of tables existing under one particular Owner. Is it possible? If A53) A keyword in a JCL statement may appear

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so, pl give the SQL query for this? in different places and is recognized by its name,
A134) The query SELECT * FROM SYSIBM.SYSTABLES WHERE CREATOR = 'owner id' eg. MSGCLASS in the JOB statement. The
This displays the table names with that If you want only the number of tables give the following opposite is positional words, where their meaning
query. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM SYSIBM.SYSTABLES WHERE CREATOR = 'owner id' is based on their position in the statement, eg. in
Make sure that you are in correct subsystem. the DISP keyword the
Q135) I need to view the number of tables existing under one particular Owner. Is it possible? If =(NEW,CATLG,DELETE) meanings are based
so, pl give the SQL query for this? on first, second and third position.
A135) The query SELECT * FROM SYSTABLES WHERE OWNER= should work. Q54) Describe the JOB statement, its meaning,
Q136) I need to view the number of tables existing under one particular Owner. Is it possible? If syntax and significant keywords?
so, pl give the SQL query for this? A54) The JOB statement is the first in a JCL
A136) Db2 records information for its operation in a catalog which is actually a group of tables. stream. Its format is // jobname, keyword JOB,
So we can use the SYSTABLES to get answer to ur query. accounting information in brackets and keywords,
Q137) What is JOIN and different types of JOIN. MSGCLASS, MSGLEVEL, NOTIFIY, CLASS,
A137) The ability to join rows and combine data from two or more tables is one of the most etc.
powerful features of relational system. Three type of joins:1. Equi-join 2.Non-equijoin 3.self-join Q55) Describe the EXEC statement, its meaning,
Q138) can I alter a table (e.g. adding a column) when other user is selecting some columns or syntax and keywords?
updating some columns from the same table? A55) The EXEC statement identifies the program
A138) yes possible. until the updation or selection is committed db2 table will not be restructured. to be executed via a PGM= program name
new column definition will be there but it will not be included until all the tasks on the table are keyword. Its format is //jobname EXEC PGM=
committed. program name. The PARM= keyword can be
Q139) How many sub queries can you combine together ? used to pass external values to the executing
A139) Total 16 queries and sub queries are 15 program.
Q140) What are the different methods of accessing db2 from tso? How is the connection Q56) Describe the DD statement, its meaning,
established between TSO & DB2? syntax and keywords?
A140) There are three ways in establishing tso/db2 connection 1. SPUFI 2. QMF 3. CATALOG A56) The DD statement links the external dataset
VISIBILITY B. A thread between TSO & DB2 is established while attempting to make name (DSN) to the DDNAME coded within the
connection between tso & db2. executing program. It links the file names within
Q141) How many buffer pools are available in db2? the program code to the file names know to the
A141) Ten 32k size buffer pools and fifty 4k size buffer pools (bp0 to bp49)default buffer pools MVS operating system. The syntax is // ddname
are bp0,bp1,bp2 & bp32 DD DSN=dataset name. Other keywords after
Q142) B37 abend during SPUFI DSN are DISP, DCB, SPACE, etc.
A142) The b37 abend in the SPUFI is because of space requirements , the query has resulted in Q57) What is a PROC? What is the difference
so many rows that the SPUFI. out file is not large enough to handle it, increase the space between an instream and a catalogued PROC?
allocation of SPUFI out file. A57) PROC stands for procedure. It is 'canned'
Q143) How many Buffer pools are there in DB2 and what are they? JCL invoked by a PROC statement. An instream
A143) There are 4 Buffer pools. They are BP0,BP1,BP2 and BP32. PROC is presented within the JCL; a catalogued
Q144) What is the command used by TSO users to invoke DB2? PROC is referenced from a proclib partitioned
A144) DSN RUN dataset.
Q145) What is the error code -803 ? Q58) What is the difference between a symbolic
A145) unique index violation and an override in executing a PROC?
Q146) How do you filter out the rows retrieved from a Db2 table ? A58) A symbolic is a PROC placeholder; the value
A146) one way is to use The SQL WHERE clause. for the symbolic is supplied when the PROC is
Q147) what is a collection? invoked, eg. &symbol=value. An override replaces
A147) collection is something that every programmer should assign/Specify for every package. the PROC's statement with another one; it
this about 1-18 characters long. substitutes for the entire statement.
Q148) What is Skeleton cursor table (SKCT)? Q59) What is RESTART? How is it invoked?
A148) The Executable form of a Plan. This is stored in sysibm.sct02 table. A59) RESTART is a JOB statement keyword. It
Q149) what's the equivalent Cobol Data type for Decimal(x,y) in DB2? what does the current is used to restart the job at a specified step rather
SQLID register contain? than at the beginning.
A149) Pic s9(x-y)V9(Y) Comp-3; the current SQLID contains the current authorization ID. Q60) What is a GDG? How is it referenced? How
Q150) Can we declare DB2 HOST variable in COBOL COPY book? is it defined? What is a MODELDSCB?
A150) NO. If we declare DB2 host variable in COBOL COPY book, at the time of A60) GDG stands for generation data group. It is a
Pre-compilation we get the host variable not defined, because pre-compiler will not expand dataset with versions that can be referenced
COBOL COPY book. So we declare it either in DCLGEN with EXEC SQL INCLUDE absolutely or relatively. It is defined by an
DCLGEN name END-EXEC or we directly hardcode it in the working storage section. IDCAMS define generation datagroup execution.
Q151) What should be specified along with a cursor in order to continue updating process after Q61) Explain concatenating datasets?
commit? A61) Datasets can be grouped in a DD statement
A151) With Hold option. one after another, eg. in a JOBLIB statement
Q152) what is the name of the default db2 catalog database? where the load module can exist in one of many
A152) DSNDB06 datasets.
Q153) When Can you be sure that a query will return only one row? Q62) What is the difference between specifying
A153) When you use the primary key and only the primary key in the where clause. DISP=OLD and DISP=SHR for a dataset?
Q154) what is the difference between join and union? A62) DISP=OLD denotes exclusive control of the
A154) join is used to retrieve data from different tables using a single sql statement. union is used dataset; DISP=SHR means there is no exclusivity.
to combine the results of two or more sql queries. Q63) What is MOD and when would you use it?
Q155) What is a correlated sub query? A63) DISP=MOD is used when the dataset can be
A155) In a sub query, if the outer query refers back to the outcome of inner query it is called extended, ie, you can add records at the end of an
correlated sub query. That's why the outer query is evaluated first unlike an ordinary sub query existing dataset.
Q156) What are the functions of Bind? Q64) What are the keywords associated with DCB?
A156) BIND mainly performs two things syntax checking and authorization checking.It binds How can you specify DCB information? What is the
together all packages into an application plan hence the name BIND.Apart from this bind has OS precedence for obtaining that DCB information,
optimiser as a subcomponent.Its function is to determine the optimum access strategy. ie.
Q157) Max. No of rows per page where does the system look for it first?
A157) 127 A64) The keywords associated with the DCB
Q158) The only place of VSAM KSDS in DB2 is? parameter are LRECL, RECFM, BLKSIZE and
A158) BSDS is a VSAM KSDS. DSORG. The DCB information can be supplied in
Q159) Can All Users Have The Privilege To Use The SQL Statement Select * (DML)? the DD statement. The system looks for DCB
A159) No the user should be granted privilege to use it. information in the program code first.
Q160) What is the size of a data page? Q65) How do you designate a comment in JCL?
A160) 4K to 8K A65) The comment statement is //* followed by
Q161) what's the best lock size that you could use when you create a tablespace? the comments.
A161) The answer is Locksize = ANY. Unless you are Sure what's the Purpose of tablespace ie., Q66) What is the meaning of the EXEC statement
Read-only or R/W. If you use lock size =any, Db2 would automatically determine what type of keyword, COND? What is its syntax?
locks it should use. A66) COND specifies the conditions for executing
Q162) what's the error code for Unique Index Violation? the subsequent job step. The value after the
A162) -803 COND= is compared to the return codes of the
Q163) Can you define an Index if the table size less than 10 PAGES? preceding steps and if the comparison is true, the

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A163) NO step is bypassed. (If this answer confuses you,

Q164) What's the Maximum Length of SQLCA and what's the content of SQLCABC? welcome to the club - memorize it and don't ask
A164) The Max length is 136. and the SQLCABC has the Value of SQLCA. questions!)
Q165) What's the maximum number of volumes that can be added to a STOGROUP? Q67) What is the improvement to COND= in the
A165) The answer is 133.Usually it will be difficult monitor more than 3 or 4 volumes to a latest version of MVS?
Stogroup. A67) MVS now allows for an IF bracketed by an
Q166) What's the maximum number of characters that a tablename can have? END IF around any job step to replace the
A166) The answer is 18 characters. COND= syntax. Again, if the IF statement is true,
Q167) What is the meaning of -805 SQL return code? the step is bypassed.
A167) Program name not in plan. Bind the plan and include the DBRM for the program named as Q68) What is the purpose of the PARM keyword
part of the plan. in the EXEC statement?
Q168) when does the SQL statement gets executed when you use cursor in the application A68) The value after the PARM= specifies control
programming ? information to be passed to the executing program
A168) SQL statement gets executed when we open cursor of the job step.
Q169) What does CURRENTDATA option in bind indicate Q69) What is the purpose and meaning of the
A169) CURRENTDATA option ensures block fetch while selecting rows from a table. In DB2V4 REGION keyword and what JCL statement is it
the default has been changed to NO. Therefore it is necessary to change all the bind cards with associated with?
CURRENTDATA(YES) which is default in DB2V3 & earlier to CURRENTDATA(NO). A69) REGION specifies the maximum CPU
Q170) What is the difference between TYPE 1 index & TYPE 2 index memory allocated for a particular job or job step.
A170) TYPE 1 & TYPE 2 are specified when an index is created on the table. TYPE 2 index is If REGION is in the JOB card, it relates to the
the option which comes with DB2V4. With TYPE 2 index data can be retrieved faster as only the entire job; if in the EXEC statement, it relates to
data pages are locked and not the index pages. Hence TYPE 2 index is recommended. the job step.
Q171) What are the levels of isolation available with DB2V4 Q70) What is the purpose and meaning of the
A171) CS RR UR( added new for DB2V4 which stands for uncommitted read which allows to TIME keyword and what JCL statement is it
retrieve records from the space which has exclusive locks also but data integrity will be affected if associated with?
this option is used )The best available option for data integrity & data concurrency is CS. A70) TIME specifies the maximum CPU time
Q172) How do u achieve record level locking in DB2 versions when record level locking is not allocated for a particular job or job step. If TIME
allowed? is in the JOB card, it relates to the entire job; if in
A172) By having the length of the record greater than that of a page! the EXEC statement, it relates to the job step.
Q173) In a DB2-CICS program which is acts as co-ordinator and which is participant? Q71) What is the meaning of data definition name
A173) DB2 - participant CICS- coordinator (ddname) and dataset name (dsname) in the DD
Q174) What does DML stand for and what are some examples of it? statement?
A174) Data Manipulation Language. Some examples are SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, A71) Data definition name is the eight character
REPLACE. designation after the // of the DD statement. It
Q175) How to define the data items to receive the fetch items for the SQL? matches the internal name specified in the steps
A175) Using the DSECT, followed by lines of - 'data items DS datatype'. executing program. In COBOL that's the name
Q176) How will you delete duplicate records from a table? specified after the ASSIGN in the SELECT
A176) Delete From Table1Where Id In (Select Id From Table1 As Temp Group By Id Having ASSIGN statement. Dataset name is the operating
Count(*) >1) system (MVS) name for the file.
Q177) What is the difference between Where and Having Clause Q72) How is the keyword DUMMY used in JCL?
A177) WHERE is for Rows and HAVING is for Groups A72) For an output file DUMMY specifies that
Q178) How to see the structure of db2 table?? the output is to be discarded. For input it specifies
A178) Using QMF. that the file is empty.
Q179) How do you declare a host variable (in COBOL) for an attribute named emp-name of type Q73) What does the keyword DCB mean and
VARCHAR(25) ? what are some of the keywords associated with it?
A179) 01 EMP-GRP. 49 E-LEN PIC S9(4) COMP. 49 E-NAME PIC X(25). A73) DCB stands for data control block; it is a
Q180) What is the maximum number of tables that can be stored on a Partitioned Table Space ? keyword for the DD statement used to describe
A180) ONE datasets. Keywords associated with it are
Q181) Name the different types of Table spaces. BLKSIZE, DEN, LRECL and RECFM.
A181) Simple Table Space, Segmented Table Space and Partitioned Table Space Q74) What is the difference between BLKSIZE
Q182) what are the max. & min. no. of partitions allowed in a partition tablespace? and LRECL?
A182) minimum is 4. maximum is 64. A74) LRECL is the logical record length , where
Q183) what is the maximum number of tables that can be joined ? as BLKSIZE is multiples of LRECL
A183) fifteen Q75) Can you execute a PROC from another
Q184) What technique is used to retrieve data from more than one table in a single SQL PROC?
statement? A75) I did not know the answer and my
A184) The Join statement combines data from more that two tables interviewer said NO. Later I tried and executed
Q185) Explain the use of the WHERE clause. PROC from a PROC, three levels deep. Manuals
A185) It directs DB2 to extract data from rows where the value of the column is the same as the do not state any limit on PROC calling PROC, or
current value of the host variable. nesting.
Q186) What is a DB2 bind? Q76) What will happen if you attempt to restart a
A186) DB2 bind is a process that builds an access path to DB2 tables. job in the middle of a JCL // IF .... // ENDIF?
Q187) What is a DB2 access path? A76) Job will fall through to the ENDIF (not
A187) An access path is the method used to access data specified in DB2 SQL statements. executing any steps), then resume execution with
Q188) What is a DB2 plan? the first step AFTER the // ENDIF.
A188) An application plan or package is generated by the bind to define an access path. Q77) How many positional parameters are there in
Q189) What is normalization and what are the five normal forms? job statement?
A189) Normalization is a design procedure for representing data in tabular format. The five A77) There are two position parameters in job
normal forms are progressive rules to represent the data with minimal redundancy. statement.
Q190) What are foreign keys? Q78) What are three parameters you can specify
A190) These are attributes of one table that have matching values in a primary key in another on Job statement as well as on exec stmt ?
table, allowing for relationships between tables. A78) Time, Region and Cond parameters
Q191) Describe the elements of the SELECT query syntax? Q79) How can you trap abends in the JCL?
A191) SELECT element FROM table WHERE conditional statement. A79) Use IF ABEND statement in the JCL.
Q192) Explain the use of the WHERE clause? Q80) How do you restart a step in JCL?
A192) WHERE is used with a relational statement to isolate the object element or row. A80) Use RESTART=step name.
Q193) What techniques are used to retrieve data from more than one table in a single SQL Q81) How do you pass parameters to the program
statement? as the job is being executed ?
A193) Joins, unions and nested selects are used to retrieve data. A81) By using 'parm' parameter in exec statement.
Q194) What do the initials DDL and DML stand for and what is their meaning? the value mentioned here should be declared in
A194) DDL is data definition language and DML is data manipulation language. DDL statements linkage section in the program and process thru
are CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE. DML statements are SELECT, INSERT, DELETE and procedure division. this technique is very useful
UPDATE. when you do not know the parameters at the time
Q195) What is a view? Why use it? of coding the programs.
A195) A view is a virtual table made up of data from base tables and other views, but not stored Q82) Why do you use a control card?
separately. A82) A control card can be a member of a pds or
Q196) Explain an outer join? a sequential dataset and is used for storing the date

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A196) An outer join includes rows from tables when there are no matching values in the tables. fields, Definitions of VSAM files....etc. You use
Q197) What is a subselect? Is it different from a nested select? control card because you cannot use a instream
A197) A subselect is a select which works in conjunction with another select. A nested select is a procedure in a procedure. Generally you will be
kind of subselect where the inner select passes to the where criteria for the outer select. calling a Proc from your Jcl and you cannot code
Q198) What is the difference between group by and order by? instream procedure in the Proc and so you will
A198) Group by controls the presentation of the rows, order by controls the presentation of the point to the dataset which is called control card.
columns for the results of the SELECT statement. Q83) How do you submit JCL via a Cobol
Q199) Explain the EXPLAIN statement? program?
A199) The explain statement provides information about the optimizer's choice of access path of A83) In your JCL define as //JOBA JOB 1111,
the sql. JOB1 //STEP01 EXEC PGM=PROG1 //ddname
Q200) What is tablespace? DD SYSOUT=(*,INTRDR)....and your
A200) Tables are stored in tablespaces (hence the name)! There are three types of tablespaces: COBOL(PROG1) should look like this SELECT
simple, segmented and partitioned. JCL-FILE ASSIGN TO ddname. Open this file
Q201) What is a cursor and what is its function? and write the JCL statements into this file. E.g.
A201) An embedded SQL statement may return a number of rows while the programming MOVE '//TESTJOB JOB 1111,VISVEISH' TO
language can only access one row at a time. The programming device called a cursor controls the JCL-REC.MOVE '//STEP01 EXEC
position of the row. PGM=IEFBR14' TO JCL- REC and close this
Q202) What is referential integrity? file. Then TESTJOB will be submitted.
A202) Referential integrity refers to the consistency that must be maintained between primary and Q84) How do you submit a JCL under CICS
foreign keys, i.e. every foreign key value must have a corresponding primary key value. environment ?
Q203) Usually, which is more important for DB2 system performance - CPU processing or I/O A84) Pass all the jcl codes to a COBOL
access? variable(should be declare using OCCURS clause)
A203) I/O operations are usually most critical for DB2 performance (or any other database for and the write the line one by one to the spool
that matter). using CICS commands like SPOOLClose
Q204) Is there any advantage to denormalizing DB2 tables? SPOOLOpen SPOOLWrite . For more help reffer
A204) Denormalizing DB2 tables reduces the need for processing intensive relational joins and CECI of CICS or CICS manual
reduces the number of foreign keys. Q85) What is the parameter to be passed in the
Q205) What is the database descriptor? job card for the unlimited time , irrespective of the
A205) The database descriptor, DBD is the DB2 component that limits access to the database job class ?
whenever objects are created, altered or dropped. A85) TIME=1440
Q206) What is lock contention? Q86) Definition of COND parameter in JCL
A206) To maintain the integrity of DB2 objects the DBD permits access to only on object at a A86) COND is a condition parameter, consists of
time. Lock contention happens if several objects are required by contending application processes 2 sub parameters, 1st - return code from the
simultaneously. previous step, 2nd - condition. If COND is true,
Q207) What is SPUFI? the step on which COND is coded will be
A207) SPUFI stands for SQL processing using file input. It is the DB2 interactive menu-driven BYPASSED.
tool used by developers to create database objects. Q87) What is meant by S0C7 system abend code?
Q208) What is the significance of DB2 free space and what parameters control it? A87) S0C7 - Data exception error - you will get it
A208) The two parameters used in the CREATE statement are the PCTFREE which specifies the whenever you are trying to move the low values
percentage of free space for each page and FREEPAGE which indicates the number of pages to or spaces into the numeric field, or compare the
be loaded with data between each free page. Free space allows room for the insertion of new numeric fields with low values, or try to do some
rows. arithmetic operations on the low values. To avoid
Q209) What is a NULL value? What are the pros and cons of using NULLS? this you have to always initialize the numeric fields
A209) A NULL value takes up one byte of storage and indicates that a value is not present as otherwise they will contain the low values.
opposed to a space or zero value. It's the DB2 equivalent of TBD on an organizational chart and Q88) How to pass the temp dataset form one JOB
often correctly portrays a business situation. Unfortunately, it requires extra coding for an step to another?
application program to handle this situation. A88) By specifying the DISP as PASS for the
Q210) What is a synonym? How is it used? temp dataset
A210) A synonym is used to reference a table or view by another name. The other name can then Q89) What is a COND parameter in JCL?
be written in the application code pointing to test tables in the development stage and to A89) COND means condition parameter. It is
production entities when the code is migrated. The synonym is linked to the AUTHID that created compared with system return code of previous
it. step.//step1 exec pgm=abcd//step2 exec pgm=xyz,
Q211) What is an alias and how does it differ from a synonym? cond=(4,lt)step2 will be executed when system
A211) An alias is an alternative to a synonym, designed for a distributed environment to avoid return code of step1 is less than 4.
having to use the location qualifier of a table or view. The alias is not dropped when the table is Q90) Write a jcl to execute a job by 7 a.m on Jan
dropped. 20,1986 ?
Q212) What is a LIKE table and how is it created? A90) THE code IS : //*MAIN DEADLINE=
A212) A LIKE table is created by using the LIKE parameter in a CREATE table statement. LIKE (0700,B,012086)
tables are typically created for a test environment from the production environment. Q91) How many types of libraries are there in
Q213) If the base table underlying a view is restructured, eg. attributes are added, does the JCL ?
application code accessing the view need to be redone? A91) Libraries are of three types.1.Sytem
A213) No. The table and its view are created anew, but the programs accessing the view do not Libraries: SUCH AS SYS1.LINKLIB2.Private
need to be changed if the view and attributes accessed remain the same. Libraries: SPECIFIED IN A JOBLIB OR
Q214) Under what circumstances will DB2 allow an SQL statement to update more than one STEPLIB DD STATEMENTS.3.Temporary
primary key value at a time? Libraries: CREATED IN A PREVIOUS STEP OF
A214) Never. Such processing could produce duplicate values violating entity integrity. Primary THE JOB.
keys must be updated one at a time. Q92) What u mean by include statement in JCL ?
Q215) What is the cascade rule and how does it relate to deletions made with a subselect? A92) An include statement identifies a member of
A215) The cascade rule will not allow deletions based on a subselect that references the same a pds or pdse that contains. This set of JCL
table from which the deletions are being made. statements is called an include group. The system
Q216) What is the self-referencing constraint? replaces the include statement with the statements
A216) The self-referencing constraint limits in a single table the changes to a primary key that the in the include group.
related foreign key defines. The foreign key in a self referencing table must specify the DELETE Q93) The maximum number of in-stream
CASCADE rule. procedure you can code in any JCL is ?
Q217) What are delete-connected tables? A93) Fifteen(15).
A217) Tables related with a foreign key are called delete-connected because a deletion in the Q94) What you mean by skeleton JCl?
primary key table can affect the contents of the foreign key table. A94) Jcl which changes during run time i.e. the
Q218) When can an insert of a new primary key value threaten referential integrity? values for the jcl such as pgm name , dd name will
A218) Never. New primary key values are not a problem. However, the values of foreign key change .ie same jcl can be used for various job,
inserts must have corresponding primary key values in their related tables. And updates of primary equivalent to dynamic sql...
key values may require changes in foreign key values to maintain referential integrity. Q95) How do you submit a JCL under CICS
Q219) In terms of DB2 indexing, what is the root page? environment ?
A219) The simplest DB2 index is the B-tree and the B-tree's top page is called the root page. The A95) Edit the JCL in Extra partition TDQ and
root page entries represent the upper range limits of the index and are referenced first in a search. submit the same using some system command
Q220) How does DB2 use multiple table indexes? (not sure) under CICS subsystem. This is what i
A220) DB2 use the multiple indexes to satisfy multiple predicates in a SELECT statement that are think, please clarify....
joined by an AND or OR. Q96) What is JCL ?

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Q221) What are some characteristics of columns that benefit from indexes? A96) JCL is Job Control Language and is used for
A221) Primary key and foreign key columns; columns that have unique values; columns that have Batch processing. The startup procedures of OS
aggregates computed frequently and columns used to test the existence of a value. and standard products like CICS etc are written in
Q222) What is a composite index and how does it differ from a multiple index? JCL. It is interface between operating
A222) A multiple index is not one index but two indexes for two different columns of a table. A system(MVS) & application program. when 2
composite index is one index made up of combined values from two columns in a table. If two related programs are combined together on control
columns in a table will often be accessed together a composite index will be efficient. statements is called job control language
Q223) What is meant by index cardinality? Q97) What is the max blocksize for a Tape file?
A223) The number of distinct values for a column is called index cardinality. DB2's RUNSTATS A97) It is 32,760.Based on that we can calculate
utility analyzes column value redundancy to determine whether to use a tablespace or index scan efficient number of Records in a Block
to search for data. Q98) What are the basic JCL Statements for a
Q224) What is a clustered index? Job?
A224) For a clustered index DB2 maintains rows in the same sequence as the columns in the A98) JOB : Identifies a job and supplies
index for as long as there is free space. DB2 can then process that table in that order efficiently. accounting info
Q225) What keyword does an SQL SELECT statement use for a string search? EXEC : Identifies a job step by indicating the name
A225) The LIKE keyword allows for string searches. The % sign is used as a wildcard. of the program to be executed.
Q226) What are some SQL aggregates and other built-in functions? DD : Identifies a data set to be allocated for the job
A226) The common aggregate, built-in functions are AVG, SUM, MIN, MAX, COUNT and step
DISTINCT. Delimiter(/*) : Marks the end of an in-stream dataset
Q227) How is the SUBSTR keyword used in sql? Null(//) : Marks the end of a job
A227) SUBSTR is used for string manipulation with column name, first position and string length Comments(//*) : Provides Comments
used as arguments. E.g. SUBSTR (NAME, 1 3) refers to the first three characters in the column PROC : Marks the beginning of a procedure
NAME. PEND : Marks the end of a procedure
Q228) What are the three DB2 date and time data types and their associated functions? OUTPUT : Supplies options for SYSOUT
A228) The three data types are DATE, TIME and TIMESTAMP. CHAR can be used to specify processing.
the format of each type. The DAYS function calculates the number of days between two dates. Q99) What does the statements: typrun=scan and
(It's Y2K compliant). typrun=hold do in a JCL statement
Q229) Explain transactions, commits and rollbacks in DB2. A99) typrun=scan checks the JCL for errors,
A229) In DB2 a transaction typically requires a series of updates, insertions and deletions that typrun=hold holds the job until further notice.
represent a logical unit of work. A transaction puts an implicit lock on the DB2 data. Programmers Q100) Which is the most widely used batch
can use the COMMIT WORK statement to terminate the transaction creating smaller units for performance monitor for DB2?
recovery. If the transaction fails DB2 uses the log to roll back values to the start of the transaction A100) DB2PM
or to the preceding commit point. Q101) What is QSAM error usually when it is
Q230) What is deadlock? occurs?
A230) Deadlock occurs when transactions executing at the same time lock each other out of data A101) Usually it is occurs at the time of job
that they need to complete their logical units of work. submission.
Q231) What are the four lockable units for DB2? Q102) What is the purpose of include statement in
A231) DB2 imposes locks of four differing sizes: pages, tables, tablespace and for indexes a JCL?
subpage. A102) It is used as an alternative for STEPLIB.
Q232) What are the three lock types? When we specify the dataset name in include ,it
A232) The three types are shared, update and exclusive. Shared locks allow two or more will search in all the datasets specified in the
programs to read simultaneously but not change the locked space. An exclusive lock bars all other include dataset.
users from accessing the space. An update lock is less restrictive; it allows other transactions to Q103) What does S0C4 error mean?
read or acquire shared locks on the space. A103) This error is faced when we execute the
Q233) What is isolation level? COBOL program. The main reason for this error
A233) SQL statements may return any number of rows, but most host languages deal with one is that a variable is defined with less characters
row at a time by declaring a cursor that presents each row at a unique isolation level. and we are trying to move data which is larger
Q234) What is an intent lock? than the actual storage space.
A234) An intent lock is at the table level for a segmented tablespace or at the tablespace level for a Q104) In which table PLAN is registered in ?
non-segmented tablespace. They indicate at the table or tablespace level the kinds of locks at A104) RCT
lower levels. Q105) What is GDG?
Q235) What is the difference between static and dynamic SQL? A105) GDG - group of dataset that are logically or
A235) Static SQL is hard-coded in a program when the programmer knows the statements to be chronologically related, referred by name and a
executed. For dynamic sql the program must dynamically allocate memory to receive the query relative generation number - an integer which
results. identifies the generation of a dataset and is coded
Q236) What is cursor stability? in parentheses after dataset name. Absolute GDG
A236) Cursor stability means that DB2 takes a lock on the page the cursor is accessing and name - GxxxxVyy, where xxxx-absolute gen.
releases the lock when the cursor moves to another page. number, yy-version number. Can be sequential,
Q237) What is the significance of the CURSOR WITH HOLD clause in a cursor declaration? direct, partitioned. (VSAM - no). Must always be
A237) The clause avoids closing the cursor and repositioning it to the last row processed when the cataloged. Advantage - all datasets have the same
cursor is reopened. name and system keeps track of adding new and
Q238) What is the SQL Communications Area and what are some of its key fields? retaining previous generations and deleting oldest
A238) It is a data structure that must be included in any host-language program using SQL. It is successive generation. To create a GDG we create
used to pass feedback about the SQL operations to the program. Fields are return codes, error a GDG index in the system catalog with IDCAMS
messages, handling codes and warnings. utility and then a model (prototype, DSCB) on the
Q239) What is the purpose of the WHENEVER statement? same volume to supply DCB information. Empty -
A239) The WHENEVER statement is coded once in the host program to control program actions when limit is reached all members are removed
depending on the SQL-CODE returned by each sql statement within the program. from the index, otherwise-only oldest. Scratch-
Q240) What is the FREE command? removed members are uncataloged & deleted,
A240) The FREE command can be used to delete plans and/or packages no longer needed. otherwise - removed & uncataloged, but remain in
Q241) DB2 can implement a join in three ways using a merge join, a nested join or a hybrid join. the system (not members of GDG any more).
Explain the differences? GDG number is updated at the end of the job. If
A241) A merge join requires that the tables being joined be in a sequence; the rows are retrieved number is not specified all generations will be
with a high cluster ratio index or are sorted by DB2. A nested join does not require a sequence processed from the beginning
and works best on joining a small number of rows. DB2 reads the outer table values and each Q106) what do you mean By spooling? Expand
time scans the inner table for matches. The hybrid join is a nested join that requires the outer table SPOOL?
be in sequence. A106) This is managed by JES. This is used for
Q242) Compare a subselect to a join? Queuing the Outputs that are intended for Printing
A242) Any subselect can be rewritten as a join, but not vice versa. Joins are usually more efficient and are first stored in SPOOLDASD. This can be
as join rows can be returned immediately, subselects require a temporary work area for inner managed Using
selects results while processing the outer select. Q107) For how long a job can be executed
Q243) What is the difference between IN subselects and EXISTS subselect? continuously in a mainframe ?
A243) If there is an index on the attributes tested an IN is more efficient since DB2 uses the index A107) 248 DAYS
for the IN. (IN for index is the mnemonic). Q108) Max. No of DD statements in a job ?
Q244) What is a Cartesian product? A108) 3273
A244) A Cartesian product results from a faulty query. It is a row in the results for every Q109) How much space OS allocates when you
combination in the join tables. create a PS or PDS?

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Q245) DB2 What is the difference between a package and a plan? How does one bind 2 versions A109) 56 KB
of a CICS transaction with the same module name in two different CICS regions that share the Q110) Min no of member’s (PDS) in one
same DB2 subsystem? directory block?
A245) Package and plan are usually used synonymously, as in this site. Both contain optimized A110) SIX(6)
code for SQL statements - a package for a single program, module or subroutine contained in the Q111) The maximum number of steps in a job?
database request module (DBRM) library. A plan may contain multiple packages and pointers to A111) 255
packages. The one CICS module would then exist in a package that could be referenced in two Q112) How much is memory space involved,
different plans. when we code BLOCKSIZE,TRK & CYL ?
Q246) What is an asychronous write? A112) One block constitutes 32KB of formatted
A246) It is a write to disk that may occur before or long after a commit. The write is controlled by memory/ 42KB of Unformatted memory,6 blocks
the buffer manager. makes one Track & 15 Tracks makes one
Q247) What is a lock? cylinder.
A247) A lock is the mechanism that controls access to data pages and tablespaces. Q113) What is DSNDB06 ?
Q248) What is meant by isolation level? A113) This is the Place where DB2 Catalog
A248) This is a key concept for any relational database. Isolation level is the manner in which resides
locks are applied and released during a transaction. For DB@ a 'repeatable read' holds all locks Q114) What is the use of DSNDB07 ?
untile the transaction completes or a syncpoint is issued. For transactions using 'cursor stability' A114) This is the area where sorting takes place in
the page lock releases are issued as the cursor 'moves', i.e. as the transaction releases DB2
addressability to the records. Q115) What is DATACOM db?
Q249) What are leaf pages? A115) It is a database used with VSE.
A249) They are the opposite of root pages. Leaf pages are the lowest level index pages - the pages Q116) What is a Dummy Utility and what it does
that contain index entries and information to the corresponding table rows. ?
Q250) What is a precompiler? A116) IEFBR14 is a Dummy utility and it is used
A250) It is a DB2 facility for static SQL statements - it replaces these statements with calls to the for the sake of EXEC PGM= .... statement in
DB2 language interface module. JCL[when used it wouldn't perform any task]. e.g.
Q251) What is a root page? While Allocating a dataset you don't have to run
A251) The opposite of a leaf page; it is the highest level index page. An index can contain only the any utility [this could be done by giving disp=new
one root page; all other index pages are associated to the root. inDD statement]. But for a PGM name must be
Q252) What is a thread? given in EXEC statement, it is used.
A252) A thread is the connection between DB2 and some other subsystem, such as CICS or Q117) What 3 guidelines do we have to follow
IMS/DC. when concatenating DD statements?
Q253) Which transaction use a command thread ? A117) Datasets must be of the same type (disk or
A253) Only the DSNC transaction uses a command thread. tape), All datasets must have the same logical
Q254) What is the purpose of the DSNC transaction ? record length, The dataset with the largest
A254) The DSNC transaction is used for controlling the CICS Call Attach Facility(CAF) and for blocksize must be listed first.
Displaying CAF statistics. Q118) On the DD statement, what is the main
DB2 Utilities difference between creating a new sequential flat
Q255) What does the CHECK Utility do ? file and a partitioned dataset?
A255) The CHECK Utility checks the referential integrity of table relations and checks the A118) SPACE=(n,m) for a sequential file,
integrity of the indexes by matching index column values to table column values. SPACE=(n,m,p) for a PDS where n, m, and p are
Q256) what types of copies can be made with the COPY Utility ? numbers. The p designates how many directory
A256) The copy Utility can make a full image copy or an incremental image copy . blocks to allocate.
Q257) Why might full image copies be faster to implement than an incremental image copy? Q119) What is the difference between
A257) Because an incremental image copy has to search for changed data and cannot make use of IEBGENER, IEBCOPY and REPRO in IDCAMS
sequential pre fetch. Conversely, a full image copy has no checking to do as it takes advantage of utility?
sequential pre fetch. A119) IEBGENER -- This is a dataset utility for
Q258) How could one combine a set of incremental image copies into a single copy? copying sequential datasets which produces a PDS
A258) By using the MERGECOPY Utility. or a member from a
Q259) What is the purpose of the QUIESE Utility? sequential dataset.
A259) The QUIESE Utility prevents the start of any new table space activity while it gives active IEBCOPY -- This is a dataset utility for copying
threads a chance to finish their tasks. Once all thread are inactive, it records information to one PDS to another or to merge PDSs.
establish a point of consistency for future recovery. REPRO -- This is for copying sequential datasets.
Q260) What does the REORG Utility do? More or less same as the IEBGENER.
A260) The REORG Utility will sort the index space and table space to conform with the primary Q120) How do you submit JCL via a Cobol
index or clustering index specified in the DDL. It will also reclaim the space from dropped simple program?
table spaces. A120) Use a file //dd1 DD sysout=(*,intrdr)write
Q261) What can the SET option of the Repair Utility accomplish? your JCL to this file. Pl some one try this out.
A261) The set option of the Repair utility can reset a copy pending, check pending, and recover Q121) How to execute a set of JCL statements
pending flags. from a COBOL program ?
Q262) What can the Locate option of the Repair Utility accomplish? A121) Using EXEC CICS SPOOL
A262) The Locate option of the Repair Utility can delete a row from a table space, repair broken WRITE(var-name) END-EXEC command.
table space pages, and replace data as specific locations in a table space or index. var-name is a COBOL host structure containing
Q263) What does the RUNSTATS Utility do? JCL statements.
A263) The RUNSTATS Utility collects statistical information for DB2 table spaces, partitions, Q122) What is the difference between static call &
indexes, tables and columns and stores this data in the DB2 Catalog. Dynamic call ?
Q264) Why use RUNSTAT Utility? A122) In the case of Static call, the called program
A264) Because the DB2 Optimizer need accurate data in order to formulate the most efficient is a stand along program, it is an executable
access path given the state of the environment and because the information will help the DBA to program . During run time we can call it in our
monitor the condition of the object in the DB2 subsystem. called program. As about Dynamic call, the called
Q265) What statistic will tell the DBA how must space can be reclaimed from dropped table program is not an executable program it can
spaces on the next reorg run? executed thru the called program
A265) The DBA can see this in the PERCDROP column of the SYSIBM.SYSTABLEPART Q123) What is the difference between catalogue
catalog table. procedure and In-Stream procedure?
Q266) What DB2 Catalog column tell you when an index needs table reorganized ? A123) In Stream procedures are set of JCL
A266) The FAROFFPOS column of the SYSIBM.SYSINDEXPART table. statements written between JOB and EXEC
Q267) What is the STOSPACE Utility used for? statements, start with PROC and end with PEND
A267) The STOSPACE Utility updates the DB2 catalog with the DASD utilization of the table statement. Mainly used to test cataloged
space and index space data sets. procedures. Cataloged procedure is cataloged on
Q268) What is a SELECT statement? the procedure library and is called by specifying
A268) A select statement is an SQL statement that retrieves data from a table or view. the procedure name on the EXEC statement.
Q269) What is the syntax of SELECT statement when embedded in a COBOL program? Q124) What do you feel makes a good program?
A269) Exec SQL A124) A program that follows a top down
SELECT col_name1,col_name2,col_name3 approach. It is also one that other programmers or
INTO hos:_var1,hos_var2,hos_var3 users can follow logically and is easy to read and
FROM owner.tablename understand.
WHERE condition Q125) Can we browse or edit the GDG dataset if
END_EXEC. it is a tape entry?

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Q270) What are column-name qualifiers used? A125) No, You can’t edit or browse the GDG if it
A270) Column-name qualifier are used as table designator to avoid ambiguity when the column resides on tape.
names referenced exist in more than one table used in the SQL statement. Column-name qualifiers Q126) What are the maximum and minimum sizes
are used in correlated references. of any CONTROL AREA (VSAM datasets) ?
Q271) What is correlation names? A126) Minimum Size : 1 track Maximum size : 1
A271) IT is a special type of column designator that connects specific column in the various levels cylinder
of a multilevel SQL query. Q127) How to get cursor position from system in
Q272) How do you define a correlated name? CICS environment ?
A272) A correlated name can be defined in the FROM clause of a query and in the first clause of A127) Get it from EIBCURPOS !
an UPDATE or DELETE statement. Q128) How many parameters are there to a DISP
Q273) What is subquery ? statement and what are their uses ?
A273) A subquery is a query that is written as part of another query’s WHERE clause. For A128) There are three(3) parameters. Parameter
example : 1: current data set disposition(new, shr, old, mod)
SELECT col_name1,col_name2 Parameter 2: normal close action for data set
FROM table_A (catlg, keep, delete) Parameter 3:abend action for
WHERE col_name3 < ( SELECT Avg(col_name) data set (catlg, keep, delete).
FROM table_A Q129) What is the error code SOC01 indicate ?
WHERE col_name4 = ‘constant’ ) A129) Operation exception error For e.g. a dataset
Q274) What is correlated subquery? open error
A274) A correlated subquery is one that has a correlation name as a table or view designator in the Q130) What is a procedure?
FROM clause of the outer query and the same correlation name as a qualifier of a search A130) A set of precoded JCL that can be modified
condition in the WHERE clause of the subquery. For example: through the use of parameters or override cards.
SELECT col_name1,col_name2 Note: Procedures can be catalogued or instream.
FROM table_A x1 Q131) What is the difference between specifying
WHERE col_name3 < DISP=OLD and DISP=SHR for a dataset?
( SELECT Avg(column_name3 A131) OLD specifies exclusive use of a dataset,
FROM table_A SHR allows multiple jobs to concurrently access
WHERE col_name4 = x1.col_name4 ) the dataset Note: When updating a dataset, you
Q275) How does the processing of a correlated subquery differ from a non correlated subquery? would normally use OLD.
A275) The subquery in a correlated subquery is reevaluated for every row of the table or view Q132) What are the three basic types of
named in the outer query, while the subquery of a non correlated subquery is evaluated only once. statements in a jobstream?
Q276) What is a result table? A132) JOB(one per jobstream)EXEC(one or more
A276) A result table is the product of a query against one or more tables or views ( i.e. it is the per job)DD(one or more per jobstep)
place that holds the results of a query).
Q133) What does SYSIN * indicate?
Q277) What is a cursor?
A277) A cursor is a named control structure used to make a set of rows available to a program.
A133) Instream data follows this card and is
Q278) What is the syntax required for the creation of a cursor?
terminated when followed by a card containing //
A278) EXEC SQL
or /* in columns 1 and 2.
DECLARE cur_name CURSOR for
Q134) What are three major types of JCL
SELECT col1,col2
statements? What are their functions?
FROM table1
A134) JOB - indicates start of jobstream to the
WHERE col1 = search_condition
operating system and through parms coded on it,
END-EXEC.
certain details about the
Q279) When is the results table for the query in a DECLARE CURSOR statement created?
job (time, region, message level, job
A279) The results table for a query specified in a DECLARE CURSOR statement of a cursor is
accounting data).
created during the execution of the OPEN CURSOR statement.
EXEC - indicates the start of execution of a
Q280) What is read-only cursor?
particular job step, be that step a program or a
A280) A read-only cursor is one in which the result table was created by a query containing one of
proc.
the following :
DD - is a data definition, which is used to describe
·a DISTINCT keyword
the attributes of a data set (name, unit, type,
·a UNION operator
space,
·a column or scalar function
disposition).
·a GROUP BY clause
1. Distinguish between positional & keyword parameters
·a ORDER BY clause 2. How can you omit positional parameters ?
·a HAVING clause 3. How do u define the identifier field for a delimiter
·a read-only view in the FROM clause statement ?
·a FROM clause identifying more than one table or view 4. List some valid operation codes .
DB2 Catalog 5. What is the purpose of the MSGLEVEL parameter ?
Q281) Which DB2 catalog tables are used to produce a list of table column by table for all tables 6. What is the function of the following parameters :
in a database? I) MSGLEVEL=(0,0)
A281) The catalog tables to use are the SYSIBM.SYSTABLES and the ii) MSGLEVEL=(2,1)
SYSIBM.SYSCOLUMNS. iii) MSGLEVEL=(1,1)
Q282) Which catalog tables contain authorization information? 7. What is the purpose of the MSGCLASS parameter ?
A282) The SYSIBM table that contain authorization information are SYSCOLAUTH, 8. What are the parameters used with COND ?
SYSDBAUTH, SYSPLANAUTH, SYSTABAUTH and SYSUSERAUTH. 9. List down the different types of comparison operators &
Q283) Which catalog table stores referential constraints? their meaning .
A283) The SYSIBM.SYSRELS table. 10.What is the function of the TYPRUN parameter ?
DB2 Directory 11.What are the subparameters that can be used with
Q284) What Utility is used to migrate DB2 from one release to the next? TYPRUN?
A284) The DUMPCAT Utility. 12.What is the function of the TIME parameter?
Q285) How would one remove old reorg information from the DB2 catalog? 13. What is the purpose of the EXEC statement ?
A285) Run the MODIFY RECOVERY Utility. 14. What are the additional keyword parameters used on the
Q286) What happens to a tablespace when its recovery infromation has been removed and a full EXEC statement?
recovery is no longer possible? 15. What is the difference between the following statements
A286) The tablespace is put into copy pending status. :
Q287) Where is the access path logic created by the DB2 Optimizer stored? I) step#1 exec PGM=accpay
A287) The access path logic is stored as skeleton cursor tables in the SCT02 Directory table. ii) step#1 exec tbalance
Q288) When is the skeleton cursor table created? 16. What is the error in the following JCL statements :
A288) During the execution of the BIND PLAN command. I) //step#three exec pgm=hkbc762
Q289) How does one remove entries from the SCT02 table? ii) //step#3 exec pgm = hkbc762
A289) Run the FREE PLAN command. iii) //step#3 exec pgr = hkbc672
Q290) When one binds a PACKAGE ( of a plan ) what package information is stored and where 17. Name the system library from which modules are
it is stored? retrieved at execution time .
A290) The access path information for the PACKAGE is stored as skeleton package tables in the 18. What is the purpose of the JOBLIB statement ?
SPT01 table. 19. If JOBLIB & STEPLIB statements are both included in
Q291) Where besides the DB2 catalog is database object information stored by DB2? a job , then which statement would overide .
A291) DB2 also stores information about DB2 objects as database descriptors (DBDs) in the

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DBD Directory table. 20. What is the purpose of the PARM parameter ?
Q292) Can you access the DB2 Directory table using SQL? 21. What is the pupose of the DD statement ?
A292) No. These tables are exclusively accessed by internal DB2 processes. 22. How would u specify the device for a dataset in a DD
DB2 Commands statement ?
Q293) Which DB2 command is used to retrieve environmental information? 23. What is the function of the following DD statement
A293) The DISPLAY command can return the following environmental data: DATABASE info, //ddname DD *
RLIMIT info, THREAD info, TRACE info, and UTILITY info. 24. What is the purpose of the SYSOUT Parameter in the
Q294) Which command is issued to establish the Boot Strap Data Set after an I/O failure? DD statement ?
A294) The DBA would issue a RECOVER BSDS command. 25. What are the two ways of specifying Temporary Data
Q295) How is the status of a utility reset after it has been stopped by DB2 ? Sets ?
A295) By issuing the START RLIMIT command. 26. What are the advantages of coding the DISP parameter
Q296) How can one determine the status of a tablespace? with MOD rather than NEW ?
A296) By using the DISPLAY DATABASE command. 27. Explain the function of the following Statement :
The following is the checklist to complete a DB2 batch or on-line program.... //ddname DD DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE)
Batch DB2 COBOL program.... 28. What is the default value of the third DISP
1. If the program is main program it should have both DBB and DPK components. subparameter ?
2. If the program is linked (called) program it should have only DPK component. But the package generated 29. What is Backward Referencing ?
should be binded in Calling program DBB component. 30. What is the purpose of Concatenating Data Sets ?
For example the DBB component looks like .... 31. What is the result of a READ operation on a Dummy
BIND PLAN(????????) - **********>>> ENTER PLAN NAME Data set ?
PKLIST(SEALAND.????????, - **********>>> ENTER MEMBER NAME 32. What are the functions of the following ddnames :
SEALAND.????????, - **********>>> (MULTIPLE MEMBERS SYSUDUMP , SYSABEND , SYSMDUMP
SEALAND.????????) - **********>>> FOR EACH PLAN) 33. What are GDGs ?
QUALIFIER(TEST) - **********>>> MUST ALWAYS BE TEST
OWNER(????) - **********>>> ENTER YOUR TSO ID
ACTION(REPLACE) -
RETAIN -
VALIDATE(BIND) -
ISOLATION(CS) -
FLAG(I) -
ACQUIRE(USE) -
RELEASE(COMMIT) -
EXPLAIN(YES)
*********************************************************************
* THIS IS A SAMPLE DBB CARD FOR DB2 PACKAGING *
* *
* IF MULTIPLE MEMBERS ARE ENTERED IN PKLIST, *
* THERE MUST BE A DPK CARD FOR EACH ONE. *
*********************************************************************
The following is the format of the DPK card....
BIND PACKAGE(SEALAND) -
MEMBER(????????) - ***********>>> ENTER MEMBER NAME
VALIDATE(BIND) -
OWNER(????) - ***********>>> ENTER YOUR TSO ID
EXPLAIN(NO) -
QUALIFIER(TEST) ***********>>> MUST ALWAYS BE TEST
***********************************************************************
* *
* THIS IS A SAMPLE DPK CARD FOR DB2 PACKAGING *
* *
* *
***********************************************************************
3. As we are all aware that RCT is a concept of CICS. So batch DB2 program will not have any RCT entry.
4. To run this DB2 program the following the is the model JCL...
//TESTXXX JOB (AAAA),'ACCOUNTS PAYABLE',CLASS=A,
// USER=XXXX,MSGCLASS=H,REGION=4096K
/*JOBPARM SYSAFF=B158
//JOBLIB DD DSN=TEST.JOBLIB,DISP=SHR
/*
//STEP010 EXEC PGM=IKJEFT01,DYNAMNBR=20
//STEPLIB DD DSN=DB2T.DSNEXIT,DISP=SHR
// DD DSN=DB2T.DSNLOAD,DISP=SHR
// DD DSN=TEST.JOBLIB,DISP=SHR
//INPUT1 DD DSN=XYZ.ABC.DBF,DISP=SHR
//OUTPUT1 DD DSN=XYZ.BCD.LEY,
// DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=122,BLKSIZE=2440),UNIT=SYSDA,
// SPACE=(CYL,(10,2),RLSE)
//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSTSPRT DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSERR DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSDUMP DD SYSOUT=*
//TESTDUMP DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSMSG DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSTSIN DD *
DSN SYSTEM(DB2T)
RUN PROG(TESTPROG) PLAN(TESTPLAN)
END
//*
As shown in above JCL program IKJEFT01 is used to run DB2 program (TESTPROG in our example).
In the above JCL program name and plan names are specified in SYSTSIN dataset as in-stream data.
The following is the check list to complete CICS(on-line) DB2 program...
1. If the program is main program it should have both DBB and DPK components.
2. If the program is LINKed, XCTLed program it should have only DPK component. But the
package generated
should be binded in Calling program DBB component.

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3. RCT entry has to be created if the program is main program(which consists of TRANSID). If the
program is
LINKed or XCTLed it need not have a RCT entry. RCT entry basically used to attach CICS
system to DB2
system.
4. No JCL business here because it is on-line.
5. The DBB and DPK s shown for batch program are also applicable to this.
1. What does SQLCODE +100 means
2. What does the SQLCODE +818 means
3. What are the pars of a SELECT statement
4. What is DB2 etc....,

CICS Interview Questions

Written by Administrator
Wednesday, 21 April 2010 09:39

Customer Information Control System(CICS)

IBM’s Customer Information Control System (CICS) is an on-line teleprocessing system developed by
IBM. By providing a sophisticated control and service database/data communication system, the application
developer can concentrate on fulfilling specific business needs rather than on communication and internal
system details. CICS allows data to be transmitted from the terminal to the host computer, have the data
processed, access files/databases, and then have data to be transmitted from the terminal to the host
computer, have the data processed, access files/databases, and then have data transmitted back to the
terminal. To accomplish that, CICS uses a telecommunication package such as VTAM or TCAM and
various file access methods: VSAM, DL/1, DB2, etc.
The latest release CICS/ESA is Release 3.3.
Some of the new functionality includes:
1. Expanded features for the system programmer
2. Improved above the line storage utilization
3. New options for many CICS commands
4. Improved cross-platform communication facilities
Functionality
CICS provides the following support:
Data Communications
· An interface between the terminal and printers with CICS via a telecommunication access
method (TCAM or VTAM).
· Multi Region Operation(MRO), through which more than one CICS region of a system can
communicate
· Intersystem Communication (ISC), through which one CICS region of a system can
communicate with other CICS regions in other systems
Application Programming
· Interfaces with programming languages such as COBOL and Assembler
· Command level translator
· An Execution Diagnostic Facility (EDF)
· A Command Interpreter
Data Handling
· An interface with database access methods such as DB2, DL/1, and VSAM
· An interface with error checking and reporting facilities
Terminology:
CICS has its own language. Some of the language abbreviations of CICS are:
SIT System Initialization Table
PCT Program Control Table
PPT Program Processing Table
TCT Terminal Control Table
FCT File Control Table
TCP Terminal Control Program
TCTUA Terminal Control Terminal User Area
DCT Destination Control Table
TDQ Transient Data Queue
EIP Execution Interface Program
FCP File Control Program
ICP Interval Control Program
KCT Task Control Program
PCP Program Control Program
SCP Storage Control Program
TCA Task Control Area
TCTTE Terminal Control Table Terminal Entry
TSQ Temporary Storage Queue
TWA Task Work Area
AID Attention Identifier
CWA Common Work Area
MRO Multi Region Operation
QID Queue Identifier
Q1) What are the six different types of argument values in COBOL that can be placed in various
options of a CICS command?
A1)

·Data Value - EX (Literal 8 or 77 KEYLEN PIC S9(4) COMP VALUE 8.)

·Data Area - EX (01 RECORD-AREA.

05 FIELD1 PIC X(5). )
·Pointer-Ref - EX (05 POINTER-I PIC S9(8) COMP. )
·Name - EX (05 FILE-NAME PIC X(5) VALUE ‘FILEA’. )
·Label - Cobol paragraph name
·HHMMSS - EX (77 TIMEVAL PIC S9(7) COMP3. )
Q2) Kindly specify the PIC clause for the following

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Any BLL Cell, Data type of Length Option field, HHMMSS type of data fields
A2) Any BLL Cell - S9(8) COMP
Data type of Length Option field - S9(4) COMP
HHMMSS type of data fields - S9(7) COMP3
Q3) Specify CICS transaction initiation process. (From the perspective of CICS control programs and
control tables.)
A3) TCP places data in TIOA and corresponding entry into TCT.
KCP acquires the transaction identifier from TIOA and verifies if it is present in PCT.
SCP acquires Storage in Task Control Area (TCA), in which KCP prepares control data for the task.
KCP then loads the application programs mentioned in PCT by looking for it in PPT.
If resident - real storage memory location is not present in the PPT the control is passed to PCP that
loads the application programs from the physical storage location address given in PPT. The control is
then passed to the application program (LOAD module).
Q4) List the sequence of steps used to achieve “Modification in Skip Sequential Mode.”
A4)
I. READNEXT command
II. Issue the ENDBR command
III. Issue the READ command with UDTAE option.
IV. Manipulate the record (DELETE or REWRITE command)
V. Issue START command
VI. Issue two READNEXT commands (One for dummy skip)
VII. Go to step two.
Q5) Specify the requirements for Automatic Task Initiation. (Mention the control table, it’s entries and
the corresponding Procedure division CICS command).
A5) DFHDCT TYPE=INTRA,
DESTID=MSGS,
TRANSID=MSW1,
TRIGLEV=1000
EXEC CICS WRITEQ TD
QUEUE(‘MSGS’),
FROM(DATA-AREA),
LENGTH(MSG_LEN)
END-EXEC.
Q6) What are the commands used to gain exclusive control over a resource (for Ex a Temporary
storage queue.)?
A6) EXEC CICS ENQ EXEC CICS DEQ
RESOURCE(QID) RESOURCE(QID)
END-EXEC END-EXEC
Q7) What is the EIB parameter and the CICS command used to implement Pseudo-Conversational
technique using single PCT - Single PPT entry?
A7) EIBCALEN - To check if COMMAREA has been passed in terurn command.
EXEC CICS RETURN
TRANSID(data-name)
COMMAREA(data-area)
LENGTH(data-value)
END-EXEC
Q8) Mention the 5 fields available in the symbolic map for every ‘NAMED’ field in the DFHMDI
macro? Give a brief description of these fields (Not exceeding a line).
A8) FIELD+L - Return the length of text entered (or for dymanic cursor positioing)
FIELD+F - Returns X(80) if data entered but erased.
FIELD+A - Used for attributes reading and setting
FIELD+I - Used for reading the text entered while receiving the map.
FIELD+O - Used for sending information on to the MAP.
Q9) What are the two ways of breaking a CPU bound process to allow other tasks to gain access to
CPU.
A9) EXEC CICS DELAY EXEC CICS DELAY
INTERVAL(hhmmss) TIME(hhmmss)
END-EXEC END-EXEC
POST and WAIT commands also achieve the same result.
Q10) How do you initiate another transaction? The transaction initiated should be in a position to
retrieve
information pertaining to which transaction has initiated it and from which terminal. (Code the
required CICS
commands)
A10) EXEC CICS START
INTERVAL(hhmmss)/TIME(hhmmss)
TRANSID(‘TRAN’)
TERMID(‘TRM1)
FROM(data-area)
LENGTH(data-value)
RTRANSID(EIBTRNID)
RTERMID(EIBTRMID)
END-EXEC
EXEC CICS RETRIEVE
INTO(data-area)
LENGTH(data-value)
RTRANSID(data-name)
RTERMID(data-name)
END-EXEC
Q11) Mention the option (along with argument type) used in a CICS command to retrieve the response
code after
execution of the command.
A11) RESP( S9(8) COM.)
Q12) What’s the CICS command used to access current date and time?
A12) ASKTIME.
Q13) Into what fields will the date and time values be moved after execution of the above command?
A13) EIBDATE & EIBTIME.

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Q14) How do you terminate an already issued DELAY command?

A14) EXEC CICS CANCEL
REQID(id)
END-EXEC
Q15) How do you dynamically set the CURSOR position to a specific field?
A15) MOVE -1 to FIELD+L field. Mention CURSOR option in the SEND command.
Q16) Which option of the PCT entry is used to specify the PF key to be pressed for initiating a
transaction?
A16) TASKREQ=PF1
Q17) Specify the CICS command used to read a VSAM record starting with prefix “F”. Code all the
relevant options.
A17) EXEC CICS READ
DATASET(‘FILENAME’)
INTO(data-area)
RIDFLD(data-area)
KEYLENGTH(1)
GENERIC
LENGTH(WK-LEN)
END-EXEC.
Q18) Mention the option used in the CICS READ command to gain accessibility directly to the file I/O
area. (Assume
COBOL-II).
A18) SET(ADDRESS OF LINKAGE-AREA).
Q19) Which command is used to release a record on which exclusive control is gained?
A19) EXEC CICS UNLOCK END-EXEC.
Q20) How do you establish a starting position in a browse operation?
A20) EXEC CICS STARTBR---------- END-EXEC.
Q21) What is the option specified in the read operation to gain multiple concurrent operations on the
same dataset?
A21) REQID(value).
Q22) What is the CICS command that gives the length of TWA area?
A22) EXEC CICS ASSIGN
TWALENG(data-value)
END-EXEC.
Q23) What are the attribute values of Skipper and Stopper fields?
A23) ASKIP, PROT.
Q24) How do you set the MDT option to ‘ON’ status, even if data is not entered?
A24) Mention FSET option in DFHMDF or set it dynamically in the program using FIELD+A attribute
field.
Q25) What option is specified in the SEND command to send only the unnamed fields on to the
screen?
A25) MAPONLY_______________.
Q26) Which CICS service transaction is used to gain accessibility to CICS control tables? Mention the
one that has
the highest priority.
A26) CEDA
Q27) What is the most common way of building queue-id of a TSQ? (Name the constituents of the
Queue ID).
A27) TERMID+TRANSACTION-ID.
Q28) Into which table is the terminal id registered?
A28) TCT.
Q29) How and where is the TWA size set? .
A29) TWASIZE=300 in PCT table.
Q30) Which transient data queue supports ATI?
A30) INTRA-PARTITION Data queue.
Q31) Code the related portions of CICS/COBOL-I programs to gain addressability to TWA area
assigned to a
particular task. Assume that the size of TWA area is 300 bytes. What are the advantages if
COBOL-II is used
in the place of COBOL? Code the above requirement in COBOL-II.
A31)
COBOL- II PROGRAM
LINKAGE SECTION.
01 PARMLIST.
02 FILLER PIC S9(8) COMP.
02 TWA-PTR S(98) COMP.
01 TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
02 DATA-AREA PIC X(300).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
……….
EXEC CICS ADDRESS
TWA(TWA-PTR)
END-EXEC
SERVISE RELOAD TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
COBOL- II PROGRAM
LINKAGE SECTION.
01 TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
05 DATA-AREA PIC X(300).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
……….
EXEC CICS ADDRESS
TWA(ADDRESS OF TWA-DATA-LAYOUT)
END-EXEC
………
Q32) Code a program meeting the following requirements.
‘EMPS’ is a transaction used to return information pertaining to an employee when the “EMPID” is
entered on the screen. The information pertaining to an employee is present in a VSAM/KSDS

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dataset registered in FCT as “EMPINFOR”. The map and the working storage section of the
emp-info are given for reference. If the employee id is found the information has to be sent to the
screen (Status field) with the message “Emp Id: XXX found.”. If the emp-id key is not found then
status field should array the message “Key not found.” and the ‘EMP ID” field should be set to
bright. If the Exit option is set to “Y” then the task has to terminated. Use pseudo-conversation
technique three (Single PCT and PPT).

EMPLOYEE INFORMATION FORM

EMP ID : XXX

EMP NAME : @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

EMP DESIG : @@@@@ SEX : @

DEPARTMENT : @@@@@@@@@@

SALARY : $$$$$$$

STATUS : @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

EXIT : X

X - Input Field

@ - Output field (Alphanumeric)

$ - Output field (Numeric)

Mapname - EMPFORM

Mapsetname - EMPFORM

Label given to various ‘named’ fields on the DFHMDF macro while defining the map shown above.
EMPID, EMPNAME, EMPDESIG, DEPART, SEX, SALARY, STATUS and EXITINP.

Structure of the VSAM/KSDS file.

Working-Storage Section.

01 EMP-IOAREA.

05 EMP-REC.

10 EMP-KEY PIC XXX.

10 EMP-NAME PIC X(32).

10 EMP-SEX PIC X.

10 EMP-DEPT PIC X(10)

10 EMP-DESIG PIC X(5).

10 EMP-SAL PIC 9(7).

A32) COBOL-II PROGRAM.

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.

77 LENGTH-OF-AREA PIC S9(4) COMP.

77 WS-RCODE PIC S9(8) COMP.

01 STATUS.

02 NORMAL.

05 FILLER PIC X(8) VALUE ‘EMP ID: ‘.

05 EMP-ID PIC X(3).

05 FILLER PIC X(6) VALUE ‘FOUND’.

02 ABNORMAL REDEFINES NORMAL.

05 ABMSG PIC X(17).

01 EMP-IOAREA.

05 EMP-REC.

10 EMP-KEY PIC XXX.

10 EMP-NAME PIC X(32).

10 EMP-SEX PIC X.

10 EMP-DEPT PIC X(10)

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10 EMP-DESIG PIC X(5).

10 EMP-SAL PIC 9(7).

LINKAGE SECTION.

01 DFHCOMMAREA.

05 INPVAL PIC X(3).

PROCEDURE DIVISION.

………..

IF EIBCALEN=0

EXEC CICS SEND

MAP(‘EMPFORM’)

MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)

ERASE

END-EXEC.

MOVE 3 TO LENGTH-OF-AREA

EXEC CICS RETURN

TRANSID(‘EMPS’)

COMMAREA(‘SEC’)

LENGTH(DATA-VALUE)

END-EXEC.

ELSE IF INPVAL = ’SEC’

EXEC CICS RECEIVE

MAP(‘EMPFORM’)

MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)

END-EXEC.

EXEC CICS READ

DATASET(‘EMPINFOR’)
INTO(EMP-IOAREA)
RIDFLD(EMPIDI)
LENGTH(LENGTH-OF-AREA)
RESP(WS-RCODE)
END-EXEC.
IF WS-RCODE NOT = DFHRESP(NORMAL)
MOVE ‘KEY NOT FOUND’ TO ABMSG’
MOVE DFHBMBRY TO EMPIDA

ELSE

MOVE EMP-NAME TO EMPNAMEO

MOVE EMP-SEX TO SEXO

MOVE EMP-DESIG TO EMPDESIGO

MOVE EMP-SAL TO SALARY

MOVE EMP-DEPT TO DEPARTO

MOVE EMP-KEY TO EMP-ID

MOVE STATUS TO STATUSO.

EXEC CICS SEND

MAP(‘EMPFORM’)

MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)

ERASE

END-EXEC.

MOVE 3 TO LENGTH-OF-AREA

EXEC CICS RETURN

TRANSID(‘EMPS’)

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COMMAREA(‘SEC’)

LENGTH(LENGTH-OF-AREA)

END-EXEC.

EXEC CICS RETURN

END-EXEC.

ELSE IF (EXITINPI NOT = ‘Y’)

EXEC CICS RETURN

END-EXEC.

The following are most frequently asked questions (FAQS):

Q33) What does “Pseudo Conversational” mean?
A33) The programming technique in which the task will not wait for the end-user replies on the
terminal. Terminating the
task every time the application needs a response from the user and specifying the next transaction to
be started when
the end user press any attention key (Enter, PF1 through PF24, PA1,PA2 and Clear) is pseudo-
conversational
processing.
Q34) Explain the means of supporting pseudo conversation programming. (E.g. Storing and restoring of
states,
control flow, error handling)
A34) When we send a map using SEND MAP command. Immediately we release the program by
using EXEC
CICS RETURN command. In this command we mention the TRANSACTION ID which is to be
executed
after receiving the map. In this command we also specify the data that should be stored in
COMMUNICATION AREA for later use. When this command is executed the corresponding
program is
released from the memory. After receiving the response from the terminal the program is again
loaded and this
time the data which we stored in communication area will be copied into the working storage section.
And
the map will be received with RECEIVE MAP command.
The variable EIBCALEN in EIB holds the length of communication area. In procedure division we
checks the value of EIBCALEN If it is zero, we first send the map followed by RETURN
command. Otherwise, that is if EIBCALEN is not zero, we know that this transaction is not running
first time and we receive the map by using RECEIVE MAP command.
Q35) What is the function of the CICS translator?
A35) The CICS translator converts the EXEC CICS commands into call statements for a specific
programming language. There are CICS translators for Assembler, COBOL, and PL/1.
Q36) How can you start a CICS transaction other than by keying the Transaction ID at the terminal?
A36) By coding an EXEC CICS START in the application program
1. By coding the trans id and a trigger level on the DCT table
2. By coding the trans id in the EXEC CICS RETURN command
3. By associating an attention key with the Program Control Table
4. By embedding the TRANSID in the first four positions of a screen sent to the terminal.
5. By using the Program List Table
Q37) What is the purpose of the Program List Table?
A37) The Program List Table records the set of applications programs that will be executed
automatically at CICS start-up
time.
Q38) What are the differences between and EXEC CICS XCTL and an EXEC CICS START
command?
A38) The XCTL command transfer control to another application (having the same Transaction ID),
while the START command initiates a new transaction ID (therefore a new task number). The
XCTL continues task on the same terminal. START can initiate a task on another terminal.
Q39) What are the differences between an EXEC CICS XCTL and an EXEC CICS LINK command.
A39) The XCTL command transfer control to an application program at the same logical level (do
not expect to control back), while the LINK command passes control to an application program at
the next logical level and expects control back.
Q40) What happens to resources supplied to a transaction when an XCTL command is executed?
A40) With an XCTL, the working storage and the procedure division of the program issuing the
XCTL are released. The I/O areas, the GETMAIN areas, and the chained Linkage Section areas
(Commarea from a higher level) remain. All existing locks and queues also remain in effect. With a
LINK, however, program storage is also saved, since the transaction expects to return and use it
again.
Q41) What CICS command do you need to obtain the user logon-id?
A41) You must code EXEC CICS ASSIGN with the OPERID option.
Q42) What is a resident program?
A42) A program or map loaded into the CICS nucleus so that it is kept permanently in main storage
and not deleted when CICS goes “Short On Storage”.
Q43) What is EIB. How it can be used?
A43) CICS automatically provides some system-related information to each task in a form of EXEC
Interface Block (EIB), which is unique to the CICS command level. We can use all the fields of EIB
in our application programs right away.
Q44) What is some of the information available in the EIB area?
A44)
I. The cursor position in the map
II. Transaction ID
III. Terminal ID
IV. Task Number

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V. Length of communication area

VI. Current date and time
VII. Attention identifier
Q45) What information can be obtained from the EIBRCODE?
A45) The EIBRCODE tells the application program if the last CICS command was executed
successfully and, if not, why not.
Q46) What is the effect of including the TRANSID in the EXEC CICS RETURN command?
A46) The next time the end user presses an attention key, CICS will start the transaction specified in
the TRANSID option.
Q47) Explain how to handle exceptional conditions in CICS.
A47) An abnormal situation during execution of a CICS command is called an exceptional condition".
There are various ways to handle these exception conditions:
1. Handle Condition Command: It is used to transfer control to the procedure label specified if
the
exceptional condition specified occurs.
2. Ignore Condition Command: It causes no action to be taken if the condition specified occurs
in
the program. That is control will be returned to the next instruction following the command
which
encountered the exceptional condition.
3. No Handle Option: This option can be specified in any CICS command and it will cause no
action to be taken for any exceptional condition occurring during execution of this
command.
4. RESP Option: This option can be specified in any CICS command. If the RESP option is
specified in a command, CICS places a response code at a completion of the command. The
application program can check this code, then proceed to the next processing.
Handle condition:
Invalid handling of CICS error condition within the program causing the looping. Here is one
example, most program have EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION ERROR(label) or EXEC
CICS HANDLE ABEND LABEL(label) to trap any error condition or abend. This type of coding
is usually acceptable if they handle the error / abend correctly in their handling paragraph.
However, the program often cause another error or abend within the handling routine. In that
case, looping or sos will occur. I strong recommend that the following statement should be
included in their ERROR handling paragraph.
EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION ERROR END-EXEC. It means that from now on, CICS
will handle all the errors and will not go back to error handling routine .For HANDLE ABEND,
code EXEC CICS HANDLE ABEND CANCEL instead. Please check the application program
reference manual for further explanation of these two commands. Besides, not only these two
HANDLE will cause the program, other type of error handle might cause loop too. So code the
HANDLE command carefully. It is a good program practice to deactivate the error handling by
EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDITION condition END-EXEC. Once you know that the program
won't need it anymore.
Q48) What is the function of the EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDITION command?
A48) To specify the paragraph or program label to which control is to be passed if the “handle
condition” occurs.
Q49) How many conditions can you include in a single HANDLE CONDITION command?
A49) No more than 16 in a single handle condition. If you need more, then you must code another
HANDLE CONDITION
command.
Q50) What is the EXEC CICS HANDLE ABEND?
A50) It allows the establishing of an exit so cleanup processing can be done in the event of abnormal
task termination.
Q51) What is the difference between EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION and an EXEC CICS
IGNORE command?
A51) A HANDLE CONDITION command creates a “go-to” environment. An IGNORE command
does not create a go-to environment; instead, it gives control back to the next sequential instruction
following the command causing the condition. They are opposites.
Q52) What happens when a CICS command contains the NOHANDLE option?
A52) No action is going to be taken for any exceptional conditional occurring during the execution of
this command. The abnormal condition that occurred will be ignored even if an EXEC CICS
HANDLE condition exist. It has the same effect as the EXEC CICS IGNORE condition except that
it will not cancel the previous HANDLE CONDITION for any other command.
Q53) When a task suspends all the handle conditions via the PUSH command, how does the task
reactivate all the
handle conditions?
A53) By coding an EXEC CICS POP HANDLE command.
Q54) Explain re-entrancy as applies to CICS.
A54) Reentrant program is a program which does not modify itself so that it can reenter to itself and
continue processing after an interruption by the operating system which, during the interruption,
executes other OS tasks including OS tasks of the same program. It is also called a "reenterable"
program or"serially reusable" program.
A quasi-reentrant program is a reentrant program under the CICS environment. That is, the quasi-
reentrant program is a CICS program which does not modify itself. That way it can reenter to itself
and continue processing after an interruption by CICS which, during the interruption, executes other
tasks including CICS tasks of the same program. In order to maintain the quasi-reentrancy, a CICS
application program must follow the following convention:
Constants in Working Storage: The quasi-reentrant program defines only constants in its ordinary
data area (e.g. working Storage Section ). These constants will never be modified and shared by the
tasks.
Variable in Dynamic Working Storage: The quasi reentrant program acquires a unique storage area (
called Dynamic Working Storage --DWS) dynamically for each task by issuing the CICS macro
equivalent GETMAIN. All variables will be placed in this DWS for each task. All counters would
have to be initialized after the DWS has been acquired.
Restriction on Program Alteration: The program must not alter the program itself. If it alters a CICS
macro or command, it must restore the alteration before the subsequent CICS macro or command.
Q55) What are the CICS commands available for program control?
A55) The following commands are available for the Program Control services:

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1. LINK: To pass control to another program at the lower level, expecting to be returned.
2. XCTL: To pass control to another program at the same level, not expecting to be returned.
3. RETURN: To return to the next higher-level program or CICS.
4. LOAD: To load a program.
5. RELEASE: To release a program.
Q56) How is addressability achieved to the data outside programs working-storage.?
A56) The Base Locator for Linkage ( BLL ) is an addressing convention used to address storage
outside the Working Storage Section of an application program. If BLL is used for the input
commands (e.g.: READ, RECEIVE), it will improve the performance, since the program would be
accessing directly the input buffer outside of the program. In order to work as intended, the program
must construct BLL based on the following convention:
1). The parameter list must be defined by means of a 01 level data definition in the Linkage
Section as the first area definition to the Linkage Section, unless a communication area is being
passed to the program, in which case DFHCOMMAREA must be defined first. The parameter
list consists of a group of the address pointers, each of which is defined as the full word binary
field ( S9(8) COMP ). This is called the BLL cells.
2). The parameter list is followed by a group of 01 level data definitions, which would be the
actual
data areas. The first address pointer of the parameter list is set up by CICS for addressing the
parameter list itself. From the second address pointer onward, there is a one-to-one
correspondence between the address pointers of the parameter list and 01 level data definitions.
3). VS COBOL II provides CICS application programs with a significant improvements in the
area of addressability through the special ADDRESS register. Therefore, if an application
program is written in VS COBOL II, the program is no longer requires building the BLL cells in
the Linkage Section.
Q57) Explain the various ways data can be passed between CICS programs.
A57) Data can be passed between CICS programs in three ways- COMMAREA, TRASIENT DATA
QUEUE &
TEMPORARY STORAGE QUEUE.
Data can be passed to a called program using the COMMAREA option of the LINK or XCTL
command in a calling program. The called program may alter the data content of COMMAREA
and the changes will be available to the calling program after the RETURN command is issued
in the called program. This implies that the called program does not have to specify the
COMMAREA option in the RETURN command.
If the COMMAREA is used in the calling program, the area must be defined in the Working
Storage Section of the program (calling), whereas, in the called program, the area must be
defined as the first area in the Linkage Section, using reserved name DFHCOMMAREA.
Q58) What is the difference between using the READ command with INTO option and SET option?
A58) When we use INTO option with the READ command the data content of the record will
be moved into the specified field defined in the Working Storage Section of the program. When
we use SET option with the READ command , CICS sets the address pointer to the address of
the record in the file input / output area within CICS, so that the application program can
directly refer to the record without moving the record content into the Working Storage area
defined in the program. Therefore, the SET option provides a better performance than the
INTO option.
Q59) Can we define an alternate index on VSAM/RRDS ?
A59) No
Q60) What is the difference between the INTO and the SET option in the EXEC CICS RECEIVE
MAP command?
A60) The INTO option moves the information in the TIOA into the reserved specified area, while
the SET option simply returns the address of the TIOA to the specified BLL cell or “address-of” a
linkage-section.
Q61) How to establish dynamic cursor position on a map? How to get the cursor position when we
receive a map?
A61) We dynamically position a cursor through an application program using a symbolic name
of the symbolic map by placing -1 into the field length field ( i.e., fieldname + L) of the field
where you wish to place the cursor. The SEND MAP command to be issued must have the
CURSOR option ( without value ). Also, the mapset must be coded with MODE = INOUT in
the DFHMSD macro. We get the cursor position when we receive a map by checking
EIBCPOSN, which is a halfword ( S9(4) COMP) binary field in EIB, and contains offset
position (relatively to zero ) of the cursor on the screen.
Q62) What is MDT?
A62) MDT ( Modified Data Tag ) is one bit of the attribute character. If it is off ( 0 ), it indicates
that this field has not been modified by the terminal operator. If it is on ( 1 ), it indicates that this
field has been modified by the operator. Only when MDT is on, will the data of the field be sent by
the terminal hardware to the host computer ( i.e., to the application program, in end ). An effective
use of MDT drastically reduces the amount of data traffic in the communication line, thereby
improving performance significantly. Therefore, BMS maps and CICS application programs should
be developed based on careful considerations for MDT.
Q63) What are the three ways available for a program to position the cursor on the screen?
A63)
I. Static positioning. Code the insert cursor (IC) in the DFHMDF BMS macro.
II. Relative positioning. Code the CURSOR option with a value relative to zero(position 1,1 is zero) .
III. Symbolic positioning. Move high values or -1 to the field length in the symbolic map(and code
CURSOR on the
SEND command).
Q64) Name three ways the Modified Data Tag can be set on?
A64) The Modified Data Tag can be set on:
1. When the user enters data into the field.
2. When the application program moves DFHBMFSE to the attribute character.
3. By defining it in the BMS macro definition.
Q65) What is a mapset?
A65) A mapset is a collection of BMS maps link-edited together.
Q66) What is the function of DFHMDF BMS macro?
A66) The DFHMDF macro defines fields, literal, and characteristics of a field.
Q67) Why is a TERM ID recommended in naming a TSQ?
A67) In order to avoid confusion and to maintain data security, a strict naming convention for

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QID will be required in the installation. Moreover, for a terminal-dependent task (e.g.,
pseudo-conversational task), the terminal id should be included in QID in order to ensure the
uniqueness of TSQ to the task.
Q68) Explain the basic difference between Intra partition TDQ and Extra partition TDQ.
A68)
INTRA PARTITION TD QUEUEs It is a group of sequential records which are produced by the same and
/ or different transactions within a CICS region. These Qs are stored in only one physical file ( VSAM ) in a
CICS region, which is prepared by the system programmer. Once a record is read from a queue, the record
will be logically removed from the queue; that is the record cannot be read again. EXTRA PARTITION TD
QUEUEs It is a group of sequential records which interfaces between the transactions of the CICS region
and the systems outside of CICS region. Each of these TDQs is a separate physical file, and it may be on
the disk, tape, printer or plotter.
Q69) What are the differences between Temporary Storage Queue (TSQ) and Transient Data Queue
(TDQ).?
A69) Temporary Storage Queue names are dynamically defined in the application program, while
TDQs must first be defined in the DCT (Destination Control Table). When a TDQ contains certain
amount of records (Trigger level), a CICS transaction can be started automatically. This does not
happen when using a TSQ. TDQ(extra partition) may be used by batch application; TSQ cannot be
accessed in batch. The Transient Data Queue is actually a QSAM file. You may update an existing
item in a TSQ. A record in a TDQ cannot be updated. Records in TSQ can be read randomly. The
TDQ can be read only sequentially. Records in Temporary Storage can be read more than once,
while records stored in Temporary Data Queues cannot. With TDQs it is “one read” only.
Q70) What is the difference between getting the system time with EIBTIME and ASKTIME
command?
A70) The ASKTIME command is used to request the current date and time. Whereas, the
EIBTIME field have the value at the task initiation time.
Q71) What does the following transactions do?
A71) CEDF : CICS-supplied Execution Diagnostic Facility transaction. It provides interactive program
execution and debugging functions of a CICS programs.
CEMT : CICS-supplied Extended Master Terminal transaction. It displays or manipulates CICS
control environment interactively.
CEBR : CICS-supplied Temporary Storage Browse transaction. It displays the content of
Temporary Storage Queue ( TSQ ).
CECI : CICS-supplied Command Interpreter transaction. It verifies the syntax of a CICS command
and executes the command.
Q72) Explain floating maps with illustration.
A72) Maps which can position themselves relative to the previous maps on the screen or page are
known as
the floating maps. For this you have to use special positional operands to LINE and COLUMN
parameters of the BMS macro definition. They are SAME, NEXT. Actually this floating map
concept is there only in Full BMS where as it is not available in Min. or Standard BMS macros.
RECEIVE MAP is not recommended in the case of floating maps. Hence these maps are normally
used to send information such as selected records from a database to screen but not for data entry. A
mapset can contain more than one m ap in it, you may use all these maps to build a screen. In that
case there are two ways to send these maps on to the screen
i ) Use separate SEND MAP commands one for each map involved. or
ii) Use ACCUM operand along with SEND MAP command and while sending really on to the
screen use SEND PAGE to display them at one shot. The second one is called
cumulative mapping scheme where you also can use floating maps.
Let's take a situation where you have to build a screen like this
HEADER MAP (no. of A gr. employs)
DETAIL MAP (employee list )
TRAILER MAP (Press a key to continue...)
Under such situations whatever the detail map needed that is to be displayed again and again to
display all the information one screenful at a time. In this floating map concept helps.
Code the map like this
M1 DFHMDI ...... HEADER=YES,JUSTIFY=FIRST..................
M2 DFHMDI ...… ......................... LINE=NEXT....................
M3 DFHMDI ........TRAILER=YES,JUSTIFY=LAST...........................
Here M2 is detail map, which is coded as floating map. Procedure:
Every time using cumulative map technique send header (first) and followed by detail map next into
a page buffer once the page is full an overflow occurs by using CICS HANDLE OVERFLOW
command send first trailer map then header map ( This will do two things a) it sends previous map
on to the screen b) starts fresh page buffer ). Repeated this until no more records to be retrieved.
Here M2 is the one which holds the record values read from the file.
Q73) What is the function of the Terminal Control Table(TCT)?
A73) The TCT defines the characteristics of each terminal with which CICS can communicate.
Q74) What does it mean when EIBCALEN is equal to zeros?
A74) When the length of the communication area (EIBCALEN) is equal to zeros, it means that no
data was passed to the application.
Q75) How can the fact that EIBCALEN is equal to zeros be of use to an application programmer?
A75) When working in a pseudo-conversational mode, EIBCALEN can be checked if it is equal to
zero. A programmer can use this condition as a way of determining first time usage(of the program).
Q76) Which CICS system program is responsible for handling automatic task initialization?
A76) The Transient Data Program(TDP).
Q77) In an on-line environment, how can you prevent more than one user from accessing the same
Transient Data
Queue at the same time?
A77) By issuing an EXEC CICS ENQ against the resource. When processing is completed, a DEQ
should be executed.
Q78) When an application is invoked via the EXEC CICS START command with the from option,
how does the
application gain access to the common area?
A78) An EXEC CICS RETRIEVE command will access the common area.
Q79) The DFHCOMMAREA is used to pass information from one application to another. What are
some other ways
that this function can be accomplished?

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A79) You can also pass information in the following ways.

- By using a temporary storage queue
- By using an intrapartition TDQ
- By using the Task Work Area
- By using TCTUA
- Through a file
Q80) How do you define Task Work Area?
A80) By defining it on the PCT (the Program Control Table)
Q81) What information do you get when an EXEC CICS STARTCODE is issued?
A81) You will be able to determine if the application was started by (1) a transient data trigger
level(QD), (2) a START command (S,SD), (3) user (U) or terminal input (TD), or (4) Distributed
Program Link(D,DS).
Q82) Which CICS command must be issued by the application program in order to gain access to the
Common
Work Area(CWA)?
A82) EXEC CICS ADDRESS with CWA option.
Q83) In which CICS table would you specify the length of the TASK WORK AREA (TWA)?
A83) In the Program Control Table(PCT).
Q84) What is a deadlock?
A84) Deadlock (also known as a “deadly embrace”) occurs when a task is waiting for a resource
held by another task which, in turn, is waiting for a resources held by the first task.
Q85) Explain the term Transaction routing?
A85) Transaction routing is a CICS mode of intercommunication which allows a terminal connected
to local CICS to execute another transaction owned by a remote CICS.
Q86) Explain the term Function Request Shipping?
A86) Function request shipping is one of the CICS modes of intercommunication which allows an
application program in a local CICS to access resources owned by a remote CICS.
Q87) Explain the term “MRO” (Multi Region Operation)?
A87) MRO is the mechanism by which different CICS address spaces with in the same CPU can
communicate and share resources.
Q88) What are different system tables used in CICS?
A88) PCT, FCT, TCT, DCT, PPT
Q89) What is multitasking and multithreading?
A89) Multitasking is the feature supported by the operating system to execute more than one task
simultaneously. Multithreading is the system environment where the tasks are sharing the same
programs load module under the multitasking environment. It is a subset of multitasking since it
concerns tasks which use the same program.
Q90) What is the difference between link xctl?
A90) Link is temporary transfer of control. Xctl is permanent transfer of control
Q91) Name some of the common tables in CICS and their usage.
A91) PCT Program Control Table - defines each transaction, containing a list of valid transaction
identifiers (transid) where each transaction is paired with its matching
program;
PPT Program Processing Table - contains a list of valid program names and maps and whether a
current version is in the CICS region or needs to
be brought in as a
new copy;
FCT File Control Table - contains a list of files known to
CICS, the dataset name and status
(closed/open, enabled/disabled);
TCT Terminal Control Table - a list of the terminals known to CICS.
Q92) Name some common CICS service programs and explain their usage?
A92) Terminal Control, File Control, Task Control, Storage Control, etc. Each CICS services program
controls the usage
and status for its resource (file, terminal, etc) within the CICS region.
Q93) What is meant by a CICS task?
A93) A CICS task exists from the time the operator presses the enter key until the application program
returns control to
CICS.
Q94) What is meant by program reentrance?
A94) A program is considered reentrant if more than one task can execute the code without interfering
with the other tasks'
execution.
Q95) What is the common systems area (CSA)?
A95) The common systems area is the major CICS control block that contains system information,
including pointers to
most other CICS control blocks. The CSA points to all members of STATIC storage.
Q96) What is the COMMAREA(communications area)?
A96) This is the area of main storage designed to let programs or tasks communicate with one another,
used in programs via
RETURN, XCTL and LINK commands.
Q97) What is the EIB (execute interface block)?
A97) The execute interface block lets the program communicate with the execute interface program,
which processes CICS
commands. It contains terminal id, time of day and response codes.
Q98) What is an MDT (Modified Data Tag) - it's meaning and use?
A98) The modified data tag is the last bit in the attribute byte for each screen field. It indicates whether
the corresponding
field has been changed.
Q99) What is a transid and explain the system transid CEMT?
A99) Transid is a transaction identifier, a four character code used to invoke a CICS task. CEMT is the
master terminal
transaction that lets you display and change the status of resources - it is the primary CICS service
transaction.
Q100) What is the common work area (CWA)?
A100) The common work area is a storage area that can be accessed by any task in a CICS system.
Q101) How do you access storage outside your CICS program?

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A101) In COBOL storage was accessed via BLL cells using the SET option of ADDRESS commands.
In COBOL II the
special register, ADDRESS OF lets you reference the address of any Linkage Section field.
Q102) How does COBOL II and CICS release 1.7 provide for exceptional conditions and how does
that differ from
VS COBOL and earlier CICS releases?
A102) VS COBOL used the HANDLE CONDITION command to name routines to pass program
control when exceptional
conditions were encountered. COBOL II and CICS release 1.7 introduced the RESP option on
many CICS
commands.
Q103) What is the meaning and use of the EIBAID field?
A103) EIBAID is a key field in the execute interface block; it indicates which attention key the user
pressed to initiate the
task.
Q104) How do you control cursor positioning?
A104) It's controlled by the CURSOR option of the SEND MAP command using a direct (0 through
1919) or symbolic
value.
Q105) What are attribute bytes and how and why are they modified?
A105) Attribute bytes define map field characteristics (brightness, protection, etc); they are modified
prior to issuing a
SEND MAP command, eg. from normal to intense to highlight an error field.
Q106) How do you invoke other programs? What are the pros and cons of each method?
A106) There are three ways:
1) Use a COBOL II CALL statement to invoke a subprogram. This method is transparent to
CICS, which sees
only the one load module.
2) An EXEC LINK is similar to a call; it invokes a separate CICS program and ends with a
RETURN to the
invoking program. or
3) An EXEC XCTL which transfers control to another CICS program and does not get control
back.
Q107) What is BMS?
A107) BMS is Basic Map Support; it allows you to code assembler level programs to define screens.
Q108) What is the difference between FSET and FRSET?
A108) FSET specifies that the modified data tag should be turned on before the map is sent to the
screen. FRSET turns off
the attribute byte; it's used to transmit only changed data from the terminal.
Q109) What is the difference between the enter key, the PF keys and the PA keys?
A109) The enter and PF keys transmit data from the screen; the PA keys tell CICS that a terminal
action took place, but
data is not transmitted.
Q110) Explain the difference among the EXEC LINK, EXEC XCTL and Cobol II static call
statements in CICS.
A110) COBOL II allows for static calls which are more efficient than the LINK instruction which
establishes a new run-
unit.
Q111) Are sequential files supported by CICS?
A111) Yes, but not as part of the File Control Program. They are supported as extra partition transient
data files.
Q112) What option can be coded on the RETURN command to associate a transaction identifier with
the next
terminal input?
A112) The TRANSID option.
Q113) What is an ASRA?
A113) An ASRA is the CICS interrupt code, the equivalent of an MVS abend code.
Q114) What is temporary storage?
A114) Temporary storage is either main or auxiliary storage that allows the program to save data
between task invocations.
Q115) What is transient data?
A115) Transient data provides CICS programs with a simple method for sequential processing, often
used to produce
output for 3270 printers.
Q116) What are the two types of transient data queues?
A116) They are intrapartition, which can only be accessed from within CICS and extrapartition, which
are typically used to
collect data online, but process it in a batch environment.
Q117) Where are transient data sets defined to CICS?
A117) They are defined in the destination control table (DCT).
Q118) Once a transient data queue is read, can it be reread?
A118) No, silly! That's why IBM calls it transient.
Q119) Name some commands used for CICS file browsing.
A119) STARTBR, READNEXT, READPREV, ENDBR and RESETBR.
Q120) What other file control processing commands are used for file updating?
A120) WRITE, REWRITE, DELETE and UNLOCK.
Q121) What is Journal Recovery and Dynamic Transaction Backout?
A121) Journal Recovery is recovery of changes made to a file during online processing. If a file has I/O
problems it is
restored from a backup taken before online processing began and the journalled changes are
applied. Dynamic
transaction backout is the removal of partial changes made by a failed transaction.
Q122) What tables must be updated when adding a new transaction and program?
A122) At a bare minimum the Program Control Table ( PCT) and Program Processing Table (PPT)
must be updated.
Q123) What is the meaning of the SYNCPOINT command?
A123) SYNCPOINT without the ROLLBACK option makes all updates to protected resources

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permanent, with the

ROLLBACK option it reverses all updates.
Q124) What do the terms locality of reference and working set mean?
A124) They refer to CICS efficiency techniques. Locality of reference requires that the application
program should
consistently reference instructions and data within a relatively small number of pages. The
working set is the
number of program pages needed by a task.
Q125) What do the keywords MAPONLY and DATAONLY mean?
A125) MAPONLY is a SEND MAP operand that sends only fields with initial values to the screen.
DATAONLY is the
SEND MAP operand that specifies only data from the map area should be displayed.
Q126) What is the MASSINSERT option?
A126) MASSINSERT is a WRITE option that modifies normal VSAM split processing, leaving free
space after the
inserted record, so subsequent records can be inserted without splits. It is ended by an UNLOCK
command.
Q127) What is a cursor in CICS sql processing?
A127) A cursor is a pointer that identifies one row in a sql results table as the current row.
Q128) What are the DB2 steps required to migrate a CICS DB2 program from source code to load
module?
A128) A DB2 precompiler processes some SQL statements and converts others. It creates a data base
request module
(DBRM) for the binding step. The bind process uses the DBRM to create an application plan,
which specifies the
techniques DB2 will use to process the embedded SQL statements. The link/edit step includes an
interface to the
CICS/DB2 attachment facility.
Q129) Name some translator and compile options and explain their meaning?
A129) For translator SOURCE option prints the program listing, DEBUG enables EDF and COBOL2
alerts the system to
use the COBOL II compiler. For the compiler XREF prints a sorted data cross reference and
FDUMP prints a
formatted dump if the program abends.
Q130) What is the significance of RDO?
A130) RDO is Resource Definition Online. Since release 1.6 RDO allows resources (terminals,
programs, transactions and
files) to be defined interactively while CICS is running.
Q131) What is CECI?
A131) CECI is the command level interpreter transid that interactively executes CICS commands. It is
a rudimentary CICS
command debugger which does not require coding an entire program.
Q132) What is CEDF?
A132) CEDF is the execute diagnostic facility that can be used for debugging CICS programs.
Q133) What is CEBR?
A133) CEBR lets you browse the contents of a specific temporary storage queue.
Q134) Name and explain some common CICS abend codes?
A134) Any AEI_ indicates an execute interface program problem - the abending program encountered
an exceptional
condition that was not anticipated by the coding. APCT - the program could not be found or is
disabled. ASRA -
most common CICS abend, indicating a program check, identified by a one-byte code in the
Program Status Word
in the dump. AKCP - the task was cancelled; it was suspended for a period longer than the
transaction's defined
deadlock timeout period. AKCT - The task was cancelled because it was waiting too long for
terminal input.
Q135) What is a logical message in CICS?
A135) A logical message is a single unit of output created by SEND TEXT or SEND MAP commands.
BMS collects the
separate output from each command and treats them as one entity. This technique may be used to
build CICS
reports.
Q136) What are the CICS commands associated with temporary storage queue processing?
A136) WRITEQ TS, READQ TS, and DELETEQ, whose meanings should be self-explanatory.
Q137) What are the CICS commands associated with transient data queue processing?
A137) WRITEQ TD, READQ TD, DELETEQ TD, ENQ and DEQ.
Q138) What is the meaning of the ENQ and DEQ commands?
A138) Neither command is exclusively a transient data command. The ENQ command reserves any
user defined resource
for the specific task. For enqueued transient data no other task will be able to write records to it
for as long as it is
enqueued. DEQ removes the lock.
Q139) How do you delete Item 3 in a five-item TSQ?
A139) You can't--at least not directly. Options, none of them good, include:
I. adding a logical-delete flag to the contents of each item;
II. moving item 4 to 3 and 5 to 4 and initializing item 5, all thru rewrites; this is a
variant on 1;
III. creating a new 'copy' TSQ that excludes the unwanted item, killing the old
TSQ (deleteq ts), writing the
new TSQ with the original name from the new TSQ, and then deleting the 'copy'
TSQ. This way, you
will get an accurate report from NUMITEMS.
Q140) What CICS command would you use to read a VSAM KSDS sequentially in ascending order?
A140) READNEXT reads the next record from a browse operation for any of the three VSAM files.
Q141) How do you get data from a task that began with a START command?
A141) The RETRIEVE command is used to get data from a task that began with a START command.

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Q142) What is interval control and what are some of the CICS commands associated with it?
A142) CICS interval control provides a variety of time-related features - common commands are
ASKTIME,
FORMATTIME, START, RETRIEVE, and CANCEL.
Q143) What is task control and what are the CICS commands associated with it?
A143) Task control refers to the CICS functions that manage the execution of tasks. Task control
commands are
SUSPEND, ENQ, and DEQ.
Q144) What is the CICS LOAD command?
A144) The LOAD command retrieves an object program from disk and loads it into main storage - it's
primarily used for a
constant table that will be available system-wide.
Q145) What is the ABEND command and when would you use it?
A145) The ABEND command forces a task to end abnormally. It creates a transaction dump and
invokes the dynamic
transaction backout.
Q146) DB2 What is the difference between a package and a plan. How does one bind 2 versions of a
CICS
transaction with the same module name in two different CICS regions that share the same DB2
subsystem?
A146) Package and plan are usually used synonymously, as in this site. Both contain optimized code
for SQL statements - a
package for a single program, module or subroutine contained in the database request module
(DBRM) library. A
plan may contain multiple packages and pointers to packages. The one CICS module would then
exist in a package
that could be referenced in two different plans.
Q147) How to build up LU 6.2 communication?" and "what Pseudo-conversational and real
conversational
transaction are and their differences."
A147) Pseudo-conversational transactions are almost always the preferred method. In these mode
CICS releases resources
between responses to user input, i.e. the task is ended awaiting the user response.
Q148) Why is it important not to execute a STOP RUN in CICS ?
A148) Stop run will come out from the CICS region.
Q149) Why must all CICS programs have a Linkage Section ?
A149) To pass parameters from appl. Program to CICS.
Q150) A mapset consists of three maps and 10 fields on each map . How many of the following will be
needed ?
A150) a) DFHMSD statements 1
a b) DFHMDI statements 3
b c) DFHMDF statements 30
Q151) How are programs reinitiated under CICS ?
A151) START COMMAND , RETURN COMMAND
Q152) Why doesn’t CICS use the Cobol Open and Close statements ?
A152) CICS AUTOMATICALLY OPENS AND CLOSES THE FILES THOSE ARE PLASED IN
FCT
Q153) What is the difference between a Symbolic map and Physical map ?
A153) SYMBOLIC MAP IS USED BY USER AND PHYSICAL MAP IS USED BY SYSTEM
Q154) Can a program change protected field ?
A154) NO
Q155) How is the stopper byte different from an auto skip byte ?
A155) STOPPER command will stop after completing its field , whereas AUTOSKIP command Will
skip to next
unprotected field after completing its field.
Q156) By which CICS defined field can you determine the position of the cursor on the map ?
A156) ATTRIB FIELD
Q157) How will you place cursor on a field called ‘EMPNO’. This field belongs to mapset
‘MAPEMPG’
and map ‘MAPEMPM’ and Symbolic map ‘Empid-Rec’ ?
A157) BY INSERTING IC IN THE ATTRIB COMMAND
Q158) How do you place the cursor on a particular position on the screen? - GS
A158) Move -1 to the length attribute of the field and use the CURSOR option.
Define the field with IC in the BMS map.
Use CURSOR(n m)??
Q159) What are the two outputs created as a result of generation of a map? - GS
A159) The map copybook and the load module.
Q160) What is the difference between physical map and symbolic map? - GS
A160) The physical map is the load module and the symbolic map is the data structure.
Q161) What is the attribute byte? - GS
A161) Defines the display/transmission of field. most cases is an output field from the program.
Q162) How do you use extended attributes ?
A162) Define EXTATT=YES and the correct terminal type.
Q163) What are the 3 working storage fields used for every field on the map? - GS
A163) Length, attribute and input/output field.
Q164) What is MDT? What are FSET, FRSET ?
A164) MDT: Bit in the attribute byte indicating modification of field on screen. Happens on an input
operation.
FSET: Sets MDT on to ensure field is transmitted. Happens on an output operation.
FRSET: Resets MDT. Until this happens, field continues to be sent.
Q165) What is the use of DSECT parameter in BMS?
A165) Is the parameter to generate a symbolic map.
Q166) Do you receive the attribute byte in the symbolic map?
A166) On EOF yes.
Q167) How do you make your BMS maps case sensitive?
A167) Use ASIS???
Q168) What is effect on RECEIVE MAP when PF key is pressed? PA key is pressed?

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A168) When PF key is pressed, Data transmission may happen. When PA key is pressed, Data
transmission will not
happen.
Q169) What is the difference between a PF key & a PA key ?
A169) PF keys wake up the task and transmit modified data, PA keys only wake up the task.
Q170) Name the macros used to define the following: MAP MAPSET FIELD
A170) DFHMSD DFHMDI DFHMDF
Q171) Can you use OCCURS in a BMS map? If you do, what are the issues related with its use?
A171) Yes. cannot use group by clause???
Q172) Can you define multiple maps in a BMS mapset?
A172) Yes.
Q173) How is the storage determined in the symbolic map, if you have multiple maps?
A173) Storage for maps redefine the first. This means largest map has to be the first.
Q174) What is the meaning of BMS length of field = 0?
A174) Data was not entered in the field
Q175) Can you simply check if length = 0 for checking if a field was modified?
A175) No, not if ERASE EOF was used.
Q176) What do you do if you do not want characters entered by the user to be folded to uppercase ?
A176) Use ASIS option on RECEIVE.
Q177) What does the BUFFER option in RECEIVE mean ?
A177) Brings the entire datastream from the terminal buffer.
Q178) What are the steps you go through to a create a BMS executable?
A178) Assemble to create CSECT and Link
Q179) When you compile a CICS program, the (pre)compiler puts an extra chunk of code. Where does
it get
included and that is it called? What is its length? - GS
A179) DFHEIBLK, DFHCOMMAREA.
Q180) List all the CICS tables and explain their contents. - GS
A180) PPT SIT
PCT JCT
FCT SNT
DCT SRT
RCT TCT
Q181) I have written a CICS program. What tables should I setup to run this program? - GS
A181) PPT, PCT, (FCT, DCT, RCT (if needed)).
Q182) In which table would you make an entry for a BMS map? - GS
A182) PPT
Q183) What is the content of the PPT entry? - GS
A183) Length, Source, Use count, Lang, Res count DFHRPL number
Q184) For a CICS-DB2 program, how is the plan referenced? - GS
A184) Uses a RCT table.
Q185) How is dynamic memory allocated within a CICS application program? - GS
A185) Use a GETMAIN
Q186) What is the use of a TDQ, TSQ? - GS
A186) Temporary data stores.
Q187) How do you read from a TSQ? - GS
A187) Temp storage read command
Q188) If I create a TSQ from one transaction, can I read it from another transaction? - GS
A188) Yes. As long as they run in the same region.
Q189) What are extra partition & intra partition TDQs?
A189) Extra partition TDQs are datasets used for communication b'n CICS and other CICS/Batch
regions. Intrapartition
TDQs are queues for communication within regn.
Q190) What is trigger level in the context of TDQs?
A190) For intrapartition TDQs specify the # records at which ATI happens. not applicable for extra
partition TDQs.
Q191) How do you fire a batch job from a CICS transaction ?
A191) Define an extrapartition TDQ as an internal reader and write the JCL to it. Terminate the JCL
with /*EOF.
Q192) What is ATI? What kind of TDQ can be used?
A192) Automatic Task Initiation. Intra partition TDQ.
Q193) Do you require a table entry for a TSQ?
A193) If recovery is needed.
Q194) Is there any entry for TSQs in CICS tables?
A194) Yes in the DFHTST.
Q195) What is the use of DCT?
A195) Destination Control Table used to define TDQs
Q196) What is ENQ, DEQ ?
A196) Task control commands to make resources serially reusable.
Q197) Can you issue SQL COMMIT from a CICS program? - GS
A197) Yes.
Q198) What is the other way of terminating a transaction? - GS
A198) EXEC CICS SYNCPOINT. Assuming it is a LUW. This will not end the Xn.
Q199) What is an ASRA abend ?
A199) Any data exception problem SOC7, SOC4 etc.
Q200) What is an AEY9 abend ?
A200) DB2/IDMS not up.
Q201) What are the situations under which NEWCOPY is required ?
A201) When a program has been used in CICS atleast once and then changed and recompiled.
Q202) What is EXEC CICS RETRIEVE ?
A202) Used by STARTed tasks to get the parameters passed to them.
Q203) Name some important fields in the EIB block ?
A203) EIBRESP, EIBCALEN, EIBRRCDE, EIBTASK, EIBDATE, EIBTIME
Q204) Can you use DYNAMIC calls in CICS ?
A204) Yes, the called routine must be defined in PPT and the calling program must use CALL
identifier..
Q205) How do you handle errors in CICS pgms ?

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A205) Check EIBRESP after the call or use the HANDLE condition.
Q206) Suppose pgm A passes 30 bytes to pgm B thru commarea and pgm B has defined its
DFHCOMMAREA to be
50 bytes . Is there a problem ?
A206) Yes, if B tries to access bytes 31-50.
Q207) When an XCTL is done, does the tranid change ? Is a new task created ? Does it cause an
implicit
SYNCPOINT to be issued ?
A207) No, No, Yes.
Q208) How do you execute a background CICS transaction ?
A208) With a START or ATI.
Q209) What is the difference between START and XCTL ?
A209) START is used to start a new task. It is a interval control command. XCTL is used to pass
control to a program
within the same task. It is a program control command.
Q210) What is the usage of language in the PPT entry?
A210) Language interface and call parameters???
Q211) Can you have CICS code in a copybook? If yes, what happens during compilation?
A211) Yes. Needs to be preprocessed.
Q212) What is an AICA abend?
A212) Runaway Task.
Q213) How would you resolve an ASRA abend?
A213) In COBOL II start with CEBR, and get the offset/instruction.
Q214) I invoke a transaction from CICS. The program has a code: MOVE DFHCOMMAREA TO
WS-AREA.
What happens to this transaction? What happens to the other transactions?
A214) Junk may get moved in. Will cause Storage violation. ????
Q215) When you do a START, what will the value of EIBCALEN?
A215) Zero.
Q216) How are VSAM files Read in CICS pgms? - GS
A216) File Control Commands. Random, Sequential, forward and backward.
Q217) How will you access a VSAM file using an alternate index?
A217) Thru the path. Define path as an FCT and use normal File control commands.
Q218) How do you rollback data written to an ESDS file?
A218) Define the file as recoverable. in cases where records have been inserted into the file, you may
need to run a batch
program to logically delete the inserted records.
Q219) I have done a START BROWSE on a VSAM dataset. Can I do another START BROWSE
without doing an
END BROWSE?
A219) No.
Q220) Can you access QSAM (seq ) files from CICS ?
A220) No.
Q221) Can you access ESDS files from CICS ?
A221) Yes.
Q222) In the CICS command level all the re-entrancy issues are handled by the System(True or False).
A222) True
Q223) What are the three BMS options ?
A223) Minimum, Standard, Full
Q224) What are the beginning and end points of an LUW called?
A224) Sync point
Q225) The DL/I database is a hierarchical database and the DL/I access method isthe access method
of the
Information Management System (IMS)(True or False)
A225) True
Q226) Before you can use a Temporary Storage Queue you must first define the Queue name in the
CICS
Temporary Queue Table)( True or False).
A226) False
Q227) The process of writing its own type of journal records by the application program, other than
the automatic
journalling provided by CICS is called
A227) Explicit Journalling
Q228) In order to display a formatted screen, a terminal must receive a series of data stream called
Native Mode
Data Stream(True or False).
A228) True
Q229) Which is the CICS control program which governs the flow of control among the CICS
application
programs?
A229) Program Control Program
Q230) What is the option of the DFHDCT macro which makes it possible to recover logically deleted
records from
an Intrapartition TDQ?
A230) REUSE=YES
Q231) CICS and DB2 can exist in the same region under the Operating system (True or False)
A231) True
Q232) What is the name of the facility provided by CICS to free the application program form the
problems caused
by NMDS (device and format dependence)?
A232) Terminal Paging
Q233) What is the command which will delete a program LOADed into the main storage using LOAD
command?
A233) RELEASE
Q234) Which is the option of the HANDLE AID command that will pass control to the specified label
when any key
is pressed?

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A234) ANYKEY
Q235) What is the name of the mapset definition macro?
A235) DFHMSD
Q236) What is the access method used by DB2?
A236) SQL
Q237) What is the command that is used to add a new record to the file?
A237) READ with UPDATE followed by REWRITE
Q238) What will happen when the resource security check has failed on the program which has been
specified in the
PROGRAM option of the LOAD command?
A238) INVREQ
Q239) What is the command used to send a map to a terminal?
A239) SEND MAP
Q240) What is the command used to request notification when the specified time has expired?
A240) POST
Q241) If DATAONLY option is specified in the SEND MAP command what will happen?
A241) Only the symbolic map will be send
Q242) What will happen if the TDQ that you want to delete is not in the DCT?
A242) QIDERR will occur
Q243) The read of a record from an Intrapartition TDQ is not destructive(True or False).
A243) True
Q244) An XCTL uses more CPU time than LINK (True or False)
A244) False
Q245) What is the primary function of the Sign-on Table?
A245) Register security information of all programs
Q246) Native Mode Data Stream (NMDS) is a mixture of Buffer Control Characters(BCC) and text
data (True or
False).
A246) True
Q247) When there are 2 records with the same key specified in a DELETE operation what will
happen?
A247) DUPKEY condition will be set
Q248) The application programs that contain the SQL statements must be Pre-compiled for converting
the SQL
statements into equivalent COBOL statements (True or False)
A248) True
Q249) What are the databases that CICS can access?
A249) DB2, DL/I, ORACLE
Q250) The first step in the development of an application system is the Requirement Analysis(True or
False).
A250) True
Q251) CICS provides an interface through which the all the DL/I services can be used under
CICS(True or False).
A251) True
Q252) How to get the sign-on user-id from an application program?
A252) ASSIGN command with USERID option
Q253) What is a Logical Unit of Work (LUW)?
A253) A sequence of operations logically tied together
Q254) Translation Time is not reduced if the Pre-compilation is done first(True or False).
A254) True
Q255) What is the general Command format of CICS ?
A255) EXEC CICS followed by the command
Q256) If you use the OPTIMIZE compiler option the size of the program can be reduced by 5 to
10%(True or
False).
A256) True
Q257) For multithreading an application program need not be re-entrant(True or False).
A257) True
Q258) Before issuing an ASKTIME command what will be the values in the EIBDATE and EIBTIME
fields if the
EIB?
A258) The date and time at the task initiation
Q259) What is the error condition that is set when the file specified in the NAME option is not in the
FCT?
A259) PGMIDERR
Q260) For protecting a transaction using the transaction security function, the two things that must be
done are:
1. in the SNT entry of the user who you which to allow to access a protected transaction, specify
SCTKEY=n
2. In the PCT entry of the transactions that you wish to protect specify the TRANSEC=n. (True
or False)
A260) True
Q261) What are the various types of accesses that can be allowed by the SERVREQ option of the
DFHFCT?
A261) ADD,BROWSE,DELETE,READ,UPDATE
Q262) ‘CICS' system services provides an interface between CICS and the operating system and
carries out the
functions like loading and releasing of application programs, acquiring and freeing of storage , task
scheduling, etc (True or False).
A262) True
Q263) What are the parameters that you have to give when you are using the CSSN transaction?
A263) None
Q264) What is the command that is used to delay the processing of a task for a specified time interval
or until a
specified time?
A264) WAIT
Q265) NMDS is both device dependent and format dependent (True or False)

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A265) True
Q266) Which is the EIB field that gives the date when a task was started?
A266) EIBDATE
Q267) Which is the AID that will not be identified in the ANYKEY option of the HANDLE AID
command?
A267) CLEAR
Q268) Reading a record from a TSQ will logically delete the record from the Queue (True or False).
A268) True
Q269) What is the option that is used to erase all unprotected fields during a SEND MAP operation?
A269) ERASEAUP
Q270) What is the CICS command that is used to receive the un-formatted data from the terminal or
logical unit of
a communication network?
A270) RECEIVE
Q271) What is the command for reading a record form a TSQ?
A271) READQ TS, READQ
Q272) What will happen, if an out-of-range or negative value is specified in the LENGTH option of the
SEND
command?
A272) The OUTRAGE condition will be set
Q273) Which is the control table where you specify all the transaction that are to be started by CICS
after CICS
start-up?
A273) Sign-on table
Q274) A HANDLE CONDITION remains active until the end of the program or until another
HANDLE
CONDITION command (True or False).
A274) True
Q275) In the conversational mode the system waits for the user to enter his response and then press an
attention
key, and while waiting the resources are held by the program or task. So conversational mode of
programming is inefficient (True or False)
A275) True
Q276) Which is the macro used for making an entry in the PPT
A276) DFHPPT
Q277) The goal of a recovery process is to Maintain the integrity of the data processed by the system
and to
minimize the impact of a task or system failure (True or False).
A277) True
Q278) What is the primary objective of CICS ?
A278) To provide the control and services of the DB/DC system
Q279) If no exception handling is provided in the program, what will happen ?
A279) CICS will take the default action specified for the condition
Q280) What is the CICS supplied transaction which performs syntax checking of a CICS command?
A280) CEMT
Q281) What is the process of converting the CICS commands into the equivalent host language
statements called?
A281) Translation
Q282) What is the function of the LOAD command?
A282) To fetch a program, table or map to the main storage.
Q283) What is the CICS Command that is used for reading a record from the TDQ?
A283) READQ
Q284) LENGERR, NOTAUTH and PGMIDERR are some of the common exception conditions that
can occur with
LINK and XCTL (True or False).
A284) False
Q285) Which of the following are recoverable CICS resources?
A285) Data files and data bases, Intrapartition TDQs, Auxiliary TSQs
Q286) Which is the program which determines whether a transaction should be restarted ?
A286) DTB
Q287) What is the command used for receiving a map from a terminal?
A287) RECEIVE MAP
Q288) The mode of achieving conversation with the user, by sending him the message and while
waiting for his
response, freeing the system resources is called
A288) Pseudo-conversation
Q289) Which is the command used for terminating a browse operation?
A289) ENDBR
Q290) What is the primary function of the Processing Program Table (PPT)?
A290) To register all programs and maps
Q291) Sync points cannot be requested by the application programs(True or False).
A291) False
Q292) Which is the command that is used to dump the main storage areas related to a task?
A292) DUMP
Q293) What is the CICS command that is used to copy a screen image of a terminal into another
terminal?
A293) ISSUE COPY
Q294) What is the name of the log which contains the information needed to restart the system,
including the task
sync point information and system activity key points, snapshots of key system tables, etc.
A294) Dynamic Log
Q295) The EIB field which gives the last CICS command executed is
A295) EIBRCODE
Q296) The READ command with INTO option will read the record specified into the data area
specified (True or
false).
A296) False

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Q297) The attribute character is an visible 1 byte character which precedes a screen field and
determines the
characteristics of the field (True or False).
A297) True
Q298) What is the function of the Terminal Control table?
A298) To register all CICS terminals
Q299) Which is the CICS control program that provides communication services between user written
application
programs and terminals?
A299) Terminal Control Program
Q300) CICS Command level is
A300) Low level version of CICS macro level
Q301) TSQs can be written in the Main storage or Auxiliary storage (True or False).
A301) True
Q302) what is difference between call and link ?
A302) In case of call , whenever you do changes to the called program you need to compile the
calling program also. In case of link , it is not needed .
Q303) what are the differences between DFHCOMMAREA and TSQ ?
A303) Both are used to save data among tasks. but 1. COMMAREA is private to that transaction
only . like every transaction has its own COMMAREA created by CICS as soon as the transaction
is initiated . however TSQ , if queue id is known can be accessed by other transactions also 2.
COMMAREA length is s9(4) comp i.e. 65k . but TSQ can have any length.3. COMMAREA is
available only during the transaction is running. TSQ if created with auxiliary option resides in aux
memory and available even if main memory crashes.4.normally COMMAREA is used to transfer
data from one task to another while tsq is used widely within the task as a scratch pad.
Q304) What is Communication Area?
A304) Communication Area is used to pass data between the program or between the task.
Q305) Which of the following statements correctly describe the syntax of CICS command
language?
A). If an EXEC CICS command must be continued onto a second line a hyphen (-)
must be coded in column 7 of the continued line.
B). If an EXEC CICS command must be continued onto a second line an 'X' must be
coded in column 72 of each line to be continued.
C). An EXEC CICS command CANNOT be coded within a COBOL IF statement,
between the IF command and the period (.) ending it.
D). The END-EXEC delimiter is optional and never needs to be placed at the end of a
CICS command.
E). The options specified within an EXEC CICS command can be in any order.
A305) E. The options specified within an EXEC CICS command can be in any order. For
example 'exec CICS Send From(Msg1) Length(30) End-Exec' can also be coded 'exec Cics Send
Length(30) From(Msg1) End-Exec'
Q306) A CICS program ABENDS with an ASRA ABEND code. What is its meaning?
A) A link was issued to a program whose name does not exist in the PPT (Program
Processing Table).
B) A program attempted to use a map that is not defined in the PCT (Program Control
Table).
C) A security violation has occurred. The operator is not defined with the proper
authority in the SNT (Sign-
on Table) to use a particular file
D) A program interrupt (0C0 or 0C1 or 0C2 or ...) has occurred in a CICS program.
E) An I/O error has occurred when attempting to use a VSAM file from a CICS program
A306) A program interrupt (0C0 or 0C1 or 0C2 or ...) has occurred in a CICS program.
Q307) Which of the following commands, when issued by 2 different programs running at the
same time, will prevent simultaneous use of resource 'SINGLE'?
B) EXEC CICS PROTECT RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
C) EXEC CICS HOLD RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
D) EXEC CICS TASK SINGLE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
E) EXEC CICS EXCLUSIVE RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
A307) EXEC CICS EXCLUSIVE RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC
Q308) The map shown below is displayed with:
EXEC CICS SEND MAP('MAP1') MAPSET('MAP1S') MAPONLY END-EXEC. After the
screen is displayed, the operator enters 1 character, the letter 'X'. Where will the cursor now
appear on the screen?
MAP1S DFHMSD
TYPE=MAP,MODE=INOUT,CTRL=(FREEKB,FRSET),LANG=COBOL, X
TIOAPFX=YESMAP1
DFHMDI SIZE=(24,80) DFHMDF POS=(5,1),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1FIELD2
DFHMDF
POS=(5,3),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1FIELD3 DFHMDF
POS=(5,5),ATTRB=(UNPROT,IC),LENGTH=1FIELD4 DFHMDF
POS=(5,7),ATTRB=ASKIP,LENGTH=1FIELD5 DFHMDF
POS=(5,9),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1,INITIAL='Z' DFHMDF
POS=(5,11),ATTRB=ASKIP,LENGTH=1 DFHMSD TYPE=FINAL
A) In the field with a POS=(5,1) B) In FIELD2. C) In FIELD3. D) In FIELD4. E) In FIELD5.
A308) In FIELD5
Q309) How can you accomplish breakpoint in intertest?
A309) U-for unconditional breakpoint, C-for conditional breakpoint, and A-for automatic
breakpoint
Q310) How many ways are there for initiating a transaction? what are they?
A310) There are six ways in initiating a transaction.they are as follows.
1. embedding four character transid on the top left most corner of the screen.
2. making use of EXEC CICS START TRANSID ( )
3. making use of EXEC CICS RETURN TRANSID ( )
4. By defining the transid in DCT (destination control table) to enable ATI (AUTOMATIC TASK
INITIATION)
5. Making use of PLT ( program list table)
6. By associating four character transid in PCT (program control table)

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Q311) Which type of TDQ is read destructive?

A311) Intrapartition TDQ is read destructive. extra partition tdq is not read destructive.
Q312) The error code AEIV?
A312) This is the error code for length, if length of the source data is more than the receiving
field, This error will occur.
Q313) What is the size of commarea
A313) The default commarea size is 65k.
Q314) What is ASRAABEND in CICS?
A314) It occurs when program interruption takes place. e.g.: when alphanumeric string moved to numeric
data item OR
when arithmetic calculations performed on nonnumeric data item OR when an attempt made to
read an occurrence
of a table beyond the defined occurrences.
Q315) What is a two Phase commit in CICS?
A315) This occurs when a programmer Issues a Exec CICS Syncpoint command. this is called two phase
because CICS
will first commit changes to the resources under its control like VSAM files. and the DB2 changes
are
committed. Usually CICS signals Db2 to complete the next phase and release all the locks.
Q316) Difference between TSQ & TDQ
A316) TDQ is read destructive, TSQ is not. TSQ can be created dynamically, TDQ cannot be created
dynamically. TSQ is
temporary in nature (i.e. it will be deleted when the program finishes execution, unless it is made
permanent by
making a entry in the Temporary Storage Table), TDQ is not.
Q317) What is ENQ in CICS?
A317) If any one want to restrict Trans-Id to single user, enter trans-id with ENQ. It won't allow any one
else to use the
same trans-id.
Q318) In SYMBOLIC Cursor Positioning after moving -1 to the length field also the cursor is not
positioned in that particular field. Give reasons?
A318) You have to explicitly specify the word CURSOR between your EXEC CICS and END-EXEC in the
program.
Q319) What does EIB mean?
A319) The EIB is the EXECUTIVE INTERFACE BLOCK. It is not the EXECUTE INTERFACE
BLOCK. All TP
monitors or transaction processors are know as EXECUTIVEs as they carry out process on behalf
of a program
module. CICS and DB2 are executives.
Q320) How many exceptional condition can be given in a HANDLE CONDITION?
A320) Max. of 12 exceptional conditions can be given in a single HANDLE CONDITION.
Q321) How do you access the records randomly in TSQ ?
A321) By specifying the ITEM option
Q322) What command do you issue to delete a record in a transient data queue ?
A322) READQ TD, the read is destructive.
Q323) What are different ways of initiating transaction in CICS ?
A323) We can initiate cics transaction a) by giving transaction id b) by giving cics start command c)
automatic task
initiation.
Q324) What is the difference between LINK and XCTL ?
A324) The XCTL command passes control to another program, but the resources requested by the first
program may still
be allocated. A task does not end until a RETURN statement is executed. While in LINK
command, program control
resumes its instruction following the LINK parameter. The disadvantage of LINK is that it
requires that both the
calling program and the called program remain in main memory even though both are no longer
needed.
Q325) What is the difference between CICS Program Control Table (PCT) and CICS Processing
Program Table (PPT) ?
A325) PCT contains a list of valid transaction ID. Each transaction ID is paired with the name of the
program ,CICS will
load and execute when the transaction is invoked. On the other hand, PPT indicates each
program's location which
pertains to a storage address if the program has already been loaded or a disk location if the
program hasn't been
loaded. PPT will also be used to determine whether it will load a new copy of the program when
the transaction is
invoked.
Q326) What are the 3 common ways to create maps?
A326) The first way is to code a physical map and then code a matching symbolic map in your COBOL
program. The
second way to create a physical map along with a matching symbolic map is to code only the
physical map using the
&SYSPARM option, CICS will automatically create a member in a COPY library. And the third
way is to use a
map generator such as SDF (Screen Definition Facility)
Q327) What is Quasi-reentrancy?
A327) There are times when many users are concurrently using the same program, this is what we call
MultiThreading. For
example, 50 users are using program A, CICS will provide 50 Working storage for that program
but one Procedure
Division. And this technique is known as quasi-reentrancy
Q328) What is the difference between a physical BMS mapset and a logical BMS mapset?
A328) The physical mapset is a load module used to map the data to the screen at execution time. The
symbolic map is the
actual copybook member used in the program to reference the input and output fields on the

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screen.
Q329) How To Set MDT(Modified Data Tag) Thru Application Program?(Dynamically)?
A329) You have to move the following macro DFHBMFSE to the Attribute field of that particular Variable.
Q330) What CICS facilities can you use to save data between the transactions?
A330) COMMONAREA, TSQ & TDQ.
Q331) How would you release control of the record in a READ for UPDATE?
A331) By issuing a REWRITE,DELETE, or UNLOCK command or by ending the task.
Q332) What is the difference between a RETURN with TRANSID and XCTL ?For example
prog. A is issuing REUTRN with TRANSID to prog B. Prog A. is issuing XCTL to prog B?
A332) In RETURN with TRANSID the control goes to the CICS region and the user have to transfer the
control to prog. B
by pressing any of the AID KEYS.In XCTL the control is directly transfer to prog. B.
Q333) What will be the length of the eibcalen ,if the transaction is used to cics first time?
A333) The length will be 0(zero).
Q334) What is DFHEIBLK?
A334) DFHEIBLK is Execute Interface Block. It is placed in the linkage section automatically by CICS
translator program.
It must be the first entry in linkage section. CICS places values prior to giving control to the
program and we can
find almost any information about our transaction.
Q335) What is the difference between the XCTL and LINK commands?
A335) The LINK command anticipates return of control to the calling program, the XCTL command does
not. Return to
the calling program will be the result of the CICS RETURN command, specifying
TRANSID(name of the calling
program).
Q336) What CICS command would you use to read a VSAM KSDS sequentially in ascending
order?
A336) First issue a STARTBR(start browse), which will position the browse at the desired record. Retrieve
records by
using subsequent READNEXT commands. Indicate the end of sequential processing with the
ENDBR command. If
the generic key is specified in the STARTBR command positioning in the file will be before the
first record
satisfying the generic key.For reading in descending order use the READPREV instead of
READNEXT.
Q337) What is the difference between pseudo-conversational and conversational?
A337) Pseudo-conversational will start a new task for each input. By coding a CICS RETURN command
specifying ‘
TRANSID(itself). Conversational will have an active task during the duration of the data entry.
Q338) What is the COMMAREA(communications area)?
A338) An area used to transfer data between different programs or between subsequent executions of the
same program.
Needs to be defined in the Linkage Section.
1. What are the pros and cons of Conversation Vs Pseudo conversation programming ?
2. Explain IPC mechanisms and means in CICS?
3. Can we use EXEC SQL COMMIT/ROLLBACK in CICS? If so how? if not what are the
alternatives?
4. What are the advantages of TDQ?
5. How do you implement locking in CICS?
6. What is multithreading?
7. Name 3 cobol commands that cannot be used with CICS
8. Why is it important not to execute a STOP RUN in CICS ?
9. How are programs reinitiated under CICS ?
10. Why must all CICS programs have a Linkage Section ?
11. Why doesn’t CICS use the Cobol Open and Close statements ?
12. What is the difference between a Symbolic map and Physical map ?
13. If a physical map has six variable fields and nine constant fields, how many fields must the
symbolic map has ?
14. In which column must label begin ?
15. Code the parameter that will assign a start value to the filed
16. Can a program change protected field ?
17. How many columns will be needed on a screen to display a protected field that has 4 bytes of data
18. How many columns will be needed to on a screen to display an unprotected field that has 4 bytes
of data
19. What are the 2 categories of extended attributes ?
20. When using extended attributes , how many attribute bytes will be needed for each symbolic map
field ?
21. How is the stopper byte different from an autoskip byte ?
22. By which command do you preserve working storage fields ?
23. How do you restore working storage fields ?
24. Which command will release all the resources used by the program ?
25. What is the relationship between EIBCALEN and DFHCOMMAREA ?
26. How will you place cursor on a field called ‘EMPNO’. This field belongs to mapset ‘MAPEMPG’
and map ‘MAPEMPM’ and Symbolic map ‘Empid-Rec’ ?
27. How will the program know which key has been pressed.
28. By which CICS defined field can you determine the position of the cursor on the map ?
29. What is the function of a STARTBR ?
30. Assume that a file contains 100 records ,If one start browse and 99 read next commands have been
executed , which record will currently be in memory ?
31. True or False ? . In a browse program the program should remain active while a user is viewing a
screen
32. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to start a browse beyond end-of file ?
33. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to continue reading backward beyond the
beginning of file?
34. What will happen if a user enters a record key that is lower than the lowest record key in a file ?
35. How can this answer be affected by the Start-Browse option ?

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36. Describe a method for beginning a browse at the beginning of a file .

37. When is the condition of NOTFND not an error ?
38. What will happen if you code a send map command or a return statement with the same transid
option if a MAPFAIL occurs ?
39. Why is the Enter Key option explicitly coded in the Handle Aid command ?
40. What happens if you omit labels on a HANDLE Condition command ?
41. What is the difference between a NOHANDLE and an IGNORE condition ?
42. What are the 3 broad ways that a program can give up control ?
43. What is the difference between XCTL and RETURN.
44. What happens if a DELETEQ TS command is executed ?
45. Why is the terminal ID often used as a part of a TSQ ?
46. What is the maximum length of a TSQ name ?
47. What is the maximum length of a TDQ name ?
48. Is it necessary to define a TSQ in a CICS table ?
49. Can you read the 5th item of a TDQ ?
50. Where are TDQ’s defined ?
51. Can you delete an individual record from a TSQ or a TDQ ?
52. Can you update a record in a TDQ ?
53. Why is it necessary to update PPT ?
54. In which CICS table do we define the transaction for a program?
55. Distinguish between TSQ and TDQ.
56. What is DFHBMSCA?
57. What is Pseudo conversational programming?
58. Name 3 cobol commands that cannot be used with CICS
59. If a physical map has six variable fields and nine constant fields , how many fields must the
symbolic map has ?
60. In which column must label begin ?
61. Code the parameter that will assign a start value to the filed
62. How many columns will be needed on a screen to display a protected field that has 4 bytes of data?
63. How many columns will be needed to on a screen to display an unprotected field that has 4 bytes
of data
64. What are the 2 categories of extended attributes ?
65. When using extended attributes , how many attribute bytes will be needed for each symbolic map
field ?
66. By which command do you preserve working storage fields ?
67. How do you restore working storage fields ?
68. Which command will release all the resources used by the program ?
69. What is the relationship between EIBCALEN and DFHCOMMAREA ?
70. How will the program know which key has been pressed.
71. What is the function of a STARTBR ?
72. Assume that a file contains 100 records ,If one start browse and 99 read next commands have been
executed , which record will currently be in memory ?
73. True or False ? . In a browse program the program should remain active while a user is viewing a
screen
74. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to start a browse beyond end-of file ?
75. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to continue reading backward beyond the
beginning of file?
76. What will happen if a user enters a record key that is lower than the lowest record key in a file ?
How can this answer be affected by the Start-Browse option ?
77. Describe a method for beginning a browse at the beginning of a file .
78. When is the condition of NOTFND not an error ?
79. What will happen if you code a send map command or a return statement with the same transid
option if a MAPFAIL occurs ?
80. Why is the Enter Key option explicitly coded in the Handle Aid command ?
81. What happens if you omit labels on a HANDLE Condition command ?
82. What is the difference between a NOHANDLE and an IGNORE condition ?
83. What are the 3 broad ways that a program can give up control ?
84. What is the difference between XCTL and RETURN.
85. What happens if a DELETEQ TS command is executed ?
86. Why is the terminal ID often used as a part of a TSQ ?
87. What is the maximum length of a TSQ name ?
88. What is the maximum length of a TDQ name ?
89. Is it necessary to define a TSQ in a CICS table ?
90. Can you read the 5th item of a TDQ ?
91. Where are TDQ’s defined ?
92. Can you delete an individual record from a TSQ or a TDQ ?
93. Can you update a record in a TDQ ?
94. Why is it necessary to update PPT ?
95. In which CICS table do we define the transaction for a program ?
96. How do you do a browse Operation
97. If you have a new map, new program, and a newfile, which CICS tables do you update?
98. How to read a TS Queue
99. Differentiate between XCTL and LINK
100. What is START ?
101. How do you update a file in CICS In JCL,
102. What is a temporary dataset?
103. What is a PROC, and how is it different from a JCL
104. Differentiate instream procedures versus Catalogued procedures
105. What is difference between TDQ and TSQ ?
106. How do interval control transactions invoke themselves
107. How do we read a VSAM file in CICS
108. What are some of imp. CICS commands and their parameters
109. How do you protect a field from being overlaid? - GS
110. What are SEND MAP MAPONLY & SEND MAP DATAONLY ?
111. What are the restrictions while using GETMAIN and FREEMAIN? - GS
112. I have TSQ with 15 items. I want to delete the 10th item. How do I do that?
113. How do I find the name of the CICS region inside my COBOL program?

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114. Can a CICS region be attached to more than one DB2 subsystem ?
115. What determines the DB2 subsystem to which a particular CICS region is attached ?
116. What is the DSNC transaction used for ?

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