NUMERICAL (FORCE AND LAW OF MOTION)

1 The acceleration of two objects are 5m/s2 and 20m/s2. If mass of

both the object would be combined and a force of 50N would be
applied on them, what will be their acceleration

2 A vehicle having mass equal to 1000 kg is running with a speed of

5m/s. After applying the force of 1000N for 10 second what will be
the speed of vehicle?

3 An object gets the velocity of 10 m/s after applying a force of

500N for 10 second. If the mass of the object is equal to 1000 kg,
what was its velocity before applying the force?

4 The acceleration of two objects are 5m/s2 and 20m/s2. If mass of

both the object would be combined and a force of 50N would be
applied on them, what will be their acceleration?

5 Find the recoil velocity of a gun having mass equal to 5 kg, if a

bullet of 25gm acquires the velocity of 500m/s after firing from the
gun

6 A bullet of 5 gm is fired from a pistol of 1.5 kg. If the recoil velocity

of pistol is 1.5 m/s, find the velocity of bullet.

7 A boy of 50 kg mass is running with a velocity of 2 m/s. He jumps

over a stationary cart of 2 kg while running. Find the velocity of cart
after jumping of boy.

8 While playing football match, Kris collided and got entangled with
Tom who was playing for opposite team and running from opposite
side. The mass of Kris was 40 kg and the mass of Tom was 60 kg. If
Tom was running with a velocity of 3m/s and Kris was running with
a velocity of 4 m/s, find the velocity and direction of both of the
players after collision assuming other forces were negligible.
9 The mass of a goods lorry is 4000 kg and the mass of goods
loaded on it is 20000 kg. If the lorry is moving with a velocity of 2m/
s what will be its momentum?

10 A vehicle is running with a velocity of 5m/s. If the momentum of

the vehicle is 5000 kg m/s, what is its mass?

Newton’s First Law of Motion:

Any object remains in the state of rest or in uniform motion along a
straight line, until it is compelled to change the state by applying
external force.
Newton’s First Law of Motion in Everyday
Life:
a A person standing in a bus falls backward when bus is start
moving suddenly. This happens because the person and bus
both are in rest while bus is not moving, but as the bus starts
moving the legs of the person start moving along with bus but
rest portion of his body has tendency to remain in rest.
Because of this person falls backward; if he is not alert.
b A person standing in a moving bus falls forward if driver
applies brakes suddenly. This happens because when bus is
moving, the person standing in it is also in motion along with
bus. But when driver applies brakes the speed of bus
decreases suddenly or bus comes in the state of rest
suddenly, in this condition the legs of the person which are in
the contact with bus come in rest while the rest parts of his
body have tendency to remain in motion. Because of this
person falls forward if he is not alert.
c Before hanging the wet clothes over laundry line, usually many
jerks are given to the cloths to get them dried quickly. Because
of jerks droplets of water from the pores of the cloth falls on
the ground and reduced amount of water in clothes dried them
quickly. This happens because, when suddenly cloth are made
in motion by giving jerks, the water droplets in it have tendency
 to remain in rest and they are separated from cloths and fall on
the ground.
d When the pile of coin on the carom-board hit by a striker; coin
only at the bottom moves away leaving rest of the pile of coin
at same place. This happens because when the pile is struck
with a striker, the coin at the bottom comes in motion while rest
of the coin in the pile has tendency to remain in the rest and
they vertically falls the carom board and remain at same place.
e Seat belts are used in car and other vehicles, to prevent the
passengers being thrown in the condition of sudden braking or
other emergency. In the condition of sudden braking of the
vehicles or any other emergency such as accident, the speed
of vehicle would decrease or vehicle may stop suddenly, in
that condition passengers may be thrown in the direction of the
motion of vehicle because of the tendency to remain in the
state of motion.
f The head of hammer is tightened on a wooden handle by
banging the handle against a hard surface. When handle of
the hammer is struck against a surface, handle comes in rest
while hammer over it's head has tendency to remain in motion
and thus after some jerks it tightens over the handle.

Mass and Inertia:

The property of an object because of which it resists to get
disturbed its state is called Inertia. Inertia of an object is measured
by its mass. Intertia is directly proportional to the mass. This means
inertia increases with increase in mass and decreases with
decrease in mass. A heavy object will have more inertia than lighter
one.
In other words, the natural tendecny of an object that resists the
change in state of motion or rest of the boject is called intertia.
Since a heavy object has more intertia, thus it is difficult to push or
pul a heavy box over the ground than lighter one.
MOMENTUM
Momentum is the power of motion of an object.
The product of velocity and mass is called the momentum.
Momentum is denoted by ‘p’.
Therefore, momentum of the object = Mass x Velocity.
Or, p = m x v
Where, p = momentum, m = mass of the object and v = velocity of
the object.

Momentum and Mass and Velocity:

Since, momentum is the product of mass and velocity (p = m x v) of
an object. This means momentum is directly proportional to mass
and velocity.Momentum increases with increase of either mass or
velocity of an object.
This means if a lighter and a heavier object is moving with same
velocity, then heavier object will have more momentum than lighter
one.
If a small object is moving with great velocity, it has tremendous
momentum. And because of momentum, it can harm an object
more severely. For example a small bullet having a little mass even
kills a person when it is fired from a gun.
Usually, road accidents prove more fatal because of high speed
than at slower speed. This happens because vehicles running with
high speed have greater momentum compare to a vehicle running
with slower speed.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Newton's second Law of Motion states that The rate of change of
momentum is directly proportional to the force applied in the
direction of force.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion in

everyday life:
(a) A fielder pulls his hand backward; while catching a cricket ball
coming with a great speed, to reduce the momentum of the ball with
a little delay. According to Newton’s Second Law of Motion; rate of
change of momentum is directly proportional to the force applied in
the direction.
While catching a cricket ball the momentum of ball is reduced to
zero when it is stopped after coming in the hands of fielder. If the
ball is stopped suddenly, its momentum will be reduced to zero
instantly. The rate of change in momentum is very quick and as a
result, the player’s hand may get injured. Therefore, by pulling the
hand backward a fielder gives more time to the change of
momentum to become zero. This prevents the hands of fielder from
getting hurt.

(b) For athletes of long and high jump sand bed or cushioned bed is
provided to allow a delayed change of momentum to zero because
of jumping of athlete.
When an athlete falls on the ground after performing a high or long
jump, the momentum because of the velocity and mass of the
athlete is reduced to zero. If the momentum of an athlete will be
reduced to zero instantly, the force because of momentum may hurt
the player. By providing a cushioned bed, the reduction of the
momentum of the athlete to zero is delayed. This prevents the
athlete from getting hurt.
(c) Seat belts in car - Seat belts in the vehicles prevent the
passenger from getting thrown in the direction of motion. In case of
emergency, such as accidents or sudden braking, passengers may
be thrown in the direction of motion of vehicle and may get fatal
injuries. The stretchable seat belts increase the time of the rate of
momentum to be reduced to zero. The delayed reduction of
momentum to zero prevents passengers from such fatal injury.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that there is always reaction
for every action in opposite direction and of equal magnitude.
Explanation: Whenever a force is applied over a body, that
body also applies same force of equal magnitude and in
opposite direction.
Example:
a Walking of a person - A person is able to walk because of the
Newton’s Third Law of Motion. During walking, a person
pushes the ground in backward direction and in the reaction
the ground also pushes the person with equal magnitude of
force but in opposite direction. This enables him to move in
forward direction against the push.
b Recoil of gun - When bullet is fired from a gun, the bullet also
pushes the gun in opposite direction, with equal magnitude of
force. This results in gunman feeling a backward push from the
butt of gun.
c Propulsion of a boat in forward direction – Sailor pushes water
with oar in backward direction; resulting water pushing the oar
in forward direction. Consequently, the boat is pushed in
forward direction. Force applied by oar and water are of equal
magnitude but in opposite directions.

Law of Conservation of Momentum: The sum of momenta

of two objects remains same even after collision.
In other words, the sum of momenta of two objects before collision
and sum of momenta of two objects after collision are equal.

Conservation of Momentum – Practical Application

• Bullet and Gun – When bullet is fired from a gun, gun recoils in
the opposite direction of bullet. The momentum of bullet is
equal to momentum of gun. Since, the bullet is has very small
mass compared to the gun, hence velocity of bullet is very high
 compared to the recoil of gun. In the case of firing of bullet, law
of conservation of momentum is applied as usual.
• In the collision of atoms, the conservation of momentum is
applied.
• In the game of snooker, when a ball is hit by stick, the
conservation of momentum is applied.
• When the mouth of an inflated balloon is let open, it starts
flying, because of conservation of momentum.
• When a cricket ball is hit by bat, the Law of Conservation of
Momentum is applied.
• When the coins of carom board are hit by striker, the Law of
Conservation of Momentum is applied.
• Newton’s cradle is one of the best examples of conservation of
momentum.