Rancangan Skripsi
Rancangan Skripsi
Rancangan Skripsi
FINAL PROJECT
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG
2018
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In real life, human face so many kinds of problems. Every humans have
problems but they struggle to face it in also to get out from it. Struggle itself
occurs when people have the desire to do it. Most people struggle against
problem that people have to face is the problem that force them to fulfill their
daily needs such as food , drink , clothes, and many more. Then there are
kinds of social problem, one of them that still exists until this day is the issue
of discrimination. Forms of discrimination that are very often found are like
racial discrimination that makes African blacks regarded as not equal to the
whites. They are treated like slaves and there is no black work that is above
the whites. Nelson Mandela is one of the blacks who dare to stands against
not live to see the difference in skin color because he wanted an equation that
races like Indonesia, a lot of people come from different races, however these
people can live in harmony. Healey(1998:20) states even though race is not
This is the way differentiating people and it is also the first thing people
Races in society are divided at least into two parts, they are racial
minority and racial majority. These races take their own role in society. They
influence each other. Racial minority does not always belong to the weak of
power, however racial minority usually become the victims of the bad
special features which make something seen as different from others. For
which make them different from animals. It more specific case characteristics
could be used as tools to differentiate where a race person belong to. There
Studying literature makes the readers aware of problems that occurs in the
society. As a genre of literary works, poetry helps the reader understand other
people’s feelings, thought and attitude toward life. Novel presents the social
products and also imitates the human subjective environment. Through novel,
the author as a member of society conveys his or her subjective ideas about
the circumstances within. Those ideas may often affect readers’ horizon or
Numbers of literary works such as novel and prose have been written to
express the concept of thinking of the author. As the time goes, these works
independent art anymore since it reflects what is on author mind and heart.
this section, the author explicitly or implicitly tries to raise the issues around
him. Some authors are challenged to raise the issues around him, what
One of the novel that contain racial discrimination issue is in the novel
“The Help” by Kathryn Stockett which tells about the injustices that
happened to black people in the past who work as domestic servants. Many
unfair treatment to blacks like they are not allowed to use the same toilet with
white people, they are forbidden to befriend white people, they are
considered as bad people just because of their skin color. There are three
Based on this thesis the writer would like to discuss about one of Kathryn
Stockett’s novel entitled “The Help”. The main analysis is about racial
America today is not that different from the situation back in 1960’s.
In order to focus on the study, the writer limits the problem of discussion
Based on the background of the study, the scope of this study concerns
with literary work, which is a novel entitled The Help by Kathryn Stockett
was first published in 2009. The limitation of this study focuses on racial
The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction,
which consists of the background of the study, the reasons for choosing the
topic, statements of the problem, the objectives of the study, the significance of
Chapter two contains the review related literature that use to analyze the
Chapter three deals with method of investigation, that discusses about the
object of the study, the source of data, technique of collecting the data, and the
procedure of analysis.
Chapter four explains and describes the concerned topic as stated in the
statements of the problem, the forms of racism and the investigation of the spirit
The last chapter is chapter five which includes the conclusion about the
This study analyzes about racial discrimination. There have been some
students who have conducted the same topics. The first was conducted by
criticism in the novel to kill mockingbird by Harper Lee. In her study also
Hear My Cry Novel. The study discussed about racial discrimination in Roll
My Thunder, Hear My Cry Novel. The writer used Herbding and Glick
Theory to analyze this novel. The similarity between this study and her
discrimination in the film. The writer used Clarke Theory to analyzed the
film.
Related to previous studies, this study tries to analyze the same case that
2.2.1 Novel
material of reading or get deeper meaning of what the novel they read. Novel
as a reading material could be just the way to kill time or praticising reading
skill for college students, meanwhile in the need to get the meaning novel is
needed to get another thing like the value of the novel itself. Usually in both
describes intimate human experiences. The novel in the modern era usually
makes use of a literary prose style, and the development of the prose novel at
cheap paper, in the 15th century. According to Long (2003) “Novel is a work
of fiction in which the imagination and the intellect combine to express life
in the form of a story and the imaginations always directed and controlled by
the intellect”. From the quotation, it can be said that novel is a combined
2.2.2 Racism
Racism is the most crucial issue that almost occurs in every generations.
It also has several form and conditions. The term of racism according to
Spencer (1985:241) is that racism is a set of beliefs comprising three
assumptions:
of these traits.
Based on that definition above, it can be see that racism is a belief system
Every race has its particular differences in their physical forms, culture,
language, and even behavior and racism appears when there is assumption or
consideration that one’s race is superior to the others and then views other races
as lesser human beings. This belief system assumes a hierarchy among various
human races or racial groups. Thus, this set of belief influences one’s attitude
behavior and even oppressions toward another person of different racial group.
Such attitude and behavior are regarded as racial prejudice and racial
discrimination.
are:
segregated colored people, For example, they obliged colored people to use
2.2.4 Struggle
According to Marsam (2000: 181) The struggle comes from the word
that means struggle a fight for survival or independence of the State. The
struggle in this research effort is mean as a woman in order to defend the
rights and dignity of women who are oppressed due to arbitrary injustice of
descriptions above have some similarities. All of them state that struggle is
related to fight and strive. In this case struggle refers to strive in making great
someone who has a different race not only race but also color of skin, ethnic,
someone, on racial grounds, less favourably than they treat or would treat
different race.
CHAPTER III
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
This study uses qualitative method to analyze “The Help” novel and looks
for racial discrimination books to find the theories doing the analysis.
Creswell (2003:18) says: Qualitative approach is one in which the inquirer often
studies. The research is determined by subjective opinion and point of view the
writer and by reading some related theories from libraries and internet.
describe life experiences and situations to give the meanings and also to
The writer uses the data in the form of sentences that found in the novel and
tries to find out the impacts of the problems on the present condition. In
gathering data, there are two types of data source in this study. The first source is
called primary source. This is source from which the main data of the analyzing
were taken. They are taken from the object of the study.
The second source is called secondary source. It is source from which the
supporting data were taken. It involves the opinion of some experts on racism,
In collecting the data, this study will use the following steps:
study.
3. Finding part of novel the courage that related to struggle against
racism.
4. Finding part of type’s racial discrimination
since the data were in the form of written words and they were descriptively
analyzed, this method includes three techniques to answer the problem. First
is exposing the data in order to reveal the context. Second, the data
novel relate to some theories of racism and new criticism approach. The last
is making conclusion.
The writer used descriptive qualitative research as a method of this study
since the data were in the form of written word and they were descriptively
analyzed. This method includes three techniques to answer the problems. First is
exposing the data in order to reveal the context. Second, the data interpretation is
to present the form of racism and struggle suggested in the poem relate to some
theories of racism and new criticism approach. The last is making conclusion.
CHAPTER IV
In this chapter, the writer presents the findings and the analysis of the
research. Here the writer wants to show the readers about analysis from the
Aibeleen is one of colored maid who work at the Leefolt residence. The
first discrimination she suffer was from one of Elizabeth Leefolt’s friend
Hilly Holbrook when she came over to club meeting Elizabeth. Hilly
supposed to go to the toilet but in that house there is only one toilet and that
means that the maid in this case Aibeleen is also using it. Then Hilly encite
rearranging her cards. “Aibileen doesn’t clean in the back until after lunch.”
Hilly raise her chin up. Then she give one a her “ah-hem’s.” She got this way
a clearing her throat real delicate-like that get everbody’s attention without
they even knowing she made em do it. “But the guest bathroom’s where the
help goes,” Miss Hilly say. Nobody says anything for a second. Then Miss
Walter nod, like she explaining it all. “She’s upset cause the Nigra uses the
inside bathroom and so do we.” Miss Hilly talk slow, like she spreading icing
on a cake. “You just tell Raleigh every penny he spends on that bathroom
he’ll get back when y’all sell this house.” She nod like she agreeing with
herself. “All these houses they’re building without maid’s quarters? It’s just
plain dangerous. Everybody knows they carry different kinds of diseases than
we do. I double.”
Based on the quotation above, it can be see how Hilly really afraid to
go to the toilet because Aibeleen also using the toilet. Then Hilly encite
Elizabeth to build another bathroom outside for the Aibeleen. In this case
for the maid because she think that colored people carried more diseases that
white people.
On the way back to home, when Alibeleen taking the bus home,
suddenly the bus stopped for some reason. “We cross the bridge, head in the
direction a the colored hospital, where the bus make its turn. I got my prayer
book out so I can write some things down. I concentrate on Mae Mobley, try
to keep my mind off Miss Hilly. Show me how to teach Baby Girl to be kind,
to love herself; to love others, while I got time with her... I look up. The bus
done stopped in the middle a the road. I lean over into the aisle, see a few
blocks up they’s blue lights flashing in the dark, people standing around, a
road block. White driver stare ahead. He turn off the motor and my seat go
still, feel strange. He straighten his driver’s hat, hop out the seat. “Y’all stay
put. Let me find out what’s going on.” So we all set there in the quiet,
waiting. I hear a dog barking, not a house dog, but the kind that sound like he
yelling at you. After a full five minutes, driver get back on the bus, start the
motor again. He toot his horn, wave his hand out the window, and start
backing up real slow. “Wha happen up there?” colored man in front a me call
to the driver. Driver don’t answer. He keep backing up. The flashing lights is
getting smaller, the dog barking fading off. Driver turn the bus around on
Farish Street. At the next corner, he stop. “Colored people off, last stop for
you,” he holler in the rearview. “White people lemme know where y’all need
driver. Because when the situation became hostile for all people in the town,
white people safety always be the first priority then the colored people. That
is why Aibeleen was forced to get out the bus because the bus driver only
care about taking the white people home and colored people in the bus such
as Aibeleen and the other colored man has to go off the bus and go home on
foot.
The other discrimination came from Aibeleen employer, Elizabeth
Leefolt. When Elizabeth came home, her daughter Mae Mobley told her that
she is ready to take her business in the toilet from now on. But turns out Mae
Mobley cannot do it in inside bathroom. She run as fast she can to the
bathroom outside.
“But Miss Leefolt, she got her lips sticking out and she hmphing and
frowning down at her. Before I can get her diaper on again, Baby Girl run off
fast as she can. Nekkid little white baby running through the house. She in
the kitchen. She got the back door open, she in the garage, trying to reach the
knob to my bathroom. We run after her and Miss Leefolt pointing her finger.
Her voice go about ten pitches too high. “This is not your bathroom!” Baby
Girl wagging her head. “My bafroom!” Miss Leefolt snatch her up, give her a
pop on the leg. “Miss Leefolt, she don’t know what she do—” “Get back in
the house, Aibileen!” I hate it, but I go in the kitchen. I stand in the middle,
leave the door open behind me. “I did not raise you to use the colored
Lady, you didn’t raise your child at all. “This is dirty out here, Mae Mobley.
You’ll catch diseases! No no no!” And I hear her pop her again and again on
very serious about diseases that carried by colored people and in this case
Aibeleen. She really angry with her daughter Mae Mobley for she was using
Aibeleen bathroom.
The last discrimination that Aibeleen suffer is also from Hilly
my silver yesterday, there were three pieces missing out of that felt wrapper.
One silver fork and two silver spoons.” I suck in a breath. “Lemme—lemme
go look in the kitchen, maybe I left some behind.” I look at Miss Leefolt to
see if that’s what she want me to do, but she keep her eyes on the crack. A
cold prickle creeps up my neck. “You know as well as I do that silver’s not in
the kitchen, Aibileen,” Miss Hilly say. “Miss Leefolt, you checked in Ross’s
bed? He been sneaking things and sticking em—” Miss Hilly scoff real loud.
back in the felt. I think I did. I always do. Law, tell me she ain’t saying what I
by accusing her stealing hers silver fork and spoons. She implied that colored
Hilly’s accusation, Elizabeth immidiately fired Aibeleen. Hilly did that just
because she wants her revenge to colored maid that dare to talk about white
people.
Minny Jackson is Aibeleen best friend who work for Hilly Holbrook’s
mother Miss Walters. Minny is the best cook in the town. Minny also
discriminate by Hilly. “She telling everbody in town I’m stealing! That’s why
I can’t get no work! That witch done turned me into the Smart-Mouthed
Criminal Maid a Hinds County!” “Hold on, Minny, get your breath—”
“Before work this morning, I go to the Renfroes’ over on Sycamore and Miss
Renfroe near bout chase me off the property. Say Miss Hilly told her about
me, everbody know I stole a candelabra from Miss Walters!” I can hear the
grip she got on the phone, sound like she trying to crush it in her hand. I hear
Kindra holler and I wonder why Minny already home. She usually don’t
leave work till four. “I ain’t done nothing but feed that old woman good food
and look after her!” “Minny, I know you honest. God know you honest.” Her
voice dip down, like bees on a comb. “When I walk into Miss Walters’, Miss
Hilly be there and she try to give me twenty dollars. She say, ‘Take it. I know
you need it,’ and I bout spit in her face. But I didn’t. No sir.” She start making
this panting noise, she say, “I did worse.” “What you did?” “I ain’t telling. I
ain’t telling nobody about that pie. But I give her what she deserve!” She
wailing now and I feel a real cold fear. Ain’t no game crossing Miss Hilly. “I
From the quotation above, Hilly with her words has influenced almost
everybody in town saying that Minny is a bad maid because according to her,
Minny steals things in Miss Walters’s house which is not true. Knowing that
Hilly has influenced so many white people not to hire Minny, Minny affraid
that her husband Leroy would kill her because she is quiting work for Miss
Walters. Hilly discriminate Minny by saying that Minny the colored maid has
“The booklet is simply a list of laws stating what colored people can
and cannot do, in an assortment of Southern states. I skim the first page,
puzzled why this is here. The laws are neither threatening nor friendly, just
which negro men are placed. It shall be unlawful for a white person to marry
anyone except a white person. Any marriage in violation of this section shall
The officer in charge shall not bury any colored persons upon ground used
for the burial of white persons. Books shall not be interchangeable between
the white and colored schools, but shall continue to be used by the race first
using them.”
From the quotation, it can be see that there is a list of laws that explain
about what colored people can and cannot do. This is a form of
discrimination, that differ colored people and white people. It can be see that
colored people and white people living in a whole different world and the
“On our fifth session, Aibileen reads to me about the day Treelore died.
She reads about how his broken body was thrown on the back of a pickup by
the white foreman. “And then they dropped him off at the colored hospital.
That’s what the nurse told me, who was standing outside. They rolled him off
the truck bed and the white men drove away.” Aibileen doesn’t cry, just lets a
parcel of time pass while I stare at the typewriter, she at the worn black tiles.”
From the quotation can be see that Aibeleen talked about how her son
Treelore died. It was not a crime when white people hit colored people.
Treelore was hit by a white man and the white man just drop Treelore outside
the colored hospital. Colored people cannot be in the same hospital as white
people.
novel?
“AT ELEVEN O’CLOCK the next morning, the phone rings. Luckily,
I’m in the kitchen and pick it up. “Miss Skeeter?” I stand very still, then look
out at Mother examining her checkbook at the dining room table. Pascagoula
is pulling a roast out of the oven. I go into the pantry and shut the door.
“Aibileen?” I whisper.She’s quiet a second and then she blurts it out. “What
if—what if you don’t like what I got to say? I mean, about white peoples.” “I
—I . . . this isn’t about my opinion,” I say. “It doesn’t matter how I feel.”
“But how I know you ain’t gone get mad, turn around on me?” “I don’t . . . I
guess you’ll just have to . . . trust me.” I hold my breath, hoping, waiting.
Skeeter, we gone have to be real careful.” “We will, I promise.” “And you
gone have to do it over at my house.” “Do you know any other maids who
might be interested?” I ask, even though Missus Stein has only agreed to read
one. But I have to be ready, on the slim chance she likes it. Aibileen is quiet a
moment. “I guess I could ask Minny. But she ain’t real keen on talking to
white peoples.” “Minny? You mean . . . Missus Walters’ old maid,” I say,
into Elizabeth’s life, but Hilly’s too. “Minny got her some stories. Sho nuff.”
“Aibileen,” I say. “Thank you. Oh, thank you.”“Yes ma’am.”“I just . . . I have
to ask you. What changed your mind? Aibileen doesn’t even pause. “Miss
Hilly,” she says. I go quiet, thinking of Hilly’s bathroom plan and accusing
the maid of stealing and her talk of diseases. The name comes out flat, bitter
as a bad pecan.”
From the quotation above, it can be see that Aibeleen grows a courage
to help Skeeter to write a book about the help experience such as how much
they paid, the bathroom, how they treat them. Aibeleen refuse at first but then
he changed her mind and want to help Skeeter because she had enough about
everthing I been writing and still have to write ain’t gone get to be said. No, I
think. I don’t want a stop. I’m surprised by how loud I think it.“If Miss Hilly
about what Skeeter, Aibeleen, and Minny are up to, Aibeleen still want to do
it because she knows that she must be brave to do this and by doing this, she
stories.” I turn and look at Aibileen. Her eyebrows go up, her mouth opens. I
turn back to the woman but she is already walking out the door. “I’m on help
you, Miss Skeeter.” This is another woman, tall and lean, with the same quiet
look as the first. “Um, thank . . . you,” I say. “I am too, Miss Skeeter. I’m on
help you.” A woman in a red coat walks by quickly, doesn’t even meet my
eyes.”
From the quotation, it can be see that other maids understand what
Aibeleen and Minny want to do. One by one maids speak up and want to help
Skeeter to make this book happen by telling Skeeter about their experience as
a maid in white people house. The courage that other maids show is because
they seen what Aibeleen, Skeeter, and Minny are doing. And they think that
this is the time to stand up against discrimination by telling the world what
Winnie said she was forced over and over. Cleontine said she fought until his
face bled and he never tried again. But the dichotomy of love and disdain
living side -by-side is what surprises me. Most are invited to attend the white
5.1. Conclusions
prosperity.
Black People toward racism practices and the dominant white culture.
The novel reveal the spirit to raise the awareness of Black racial
identity. Thus, the term African transformed into a symbol of pride for
person of the same ability, the same wealth, the same education and
5.2 Suggestions
The writer wants to give some suggestions related to the topic of the
such social matter exist in their surroundings. There will be no more racism
and use their basic rights well. In addition, we may also get the lesson from
the history of the nation that a good government should lead the citizens into
Secondly, the writer suggest for further researcher to analyze the impact
of racism toward colored people in America since the practices of racism had
The last, the writer hopes that this study will be useful in presenting