Experiment 8
Experiment 8
Experiment 8
EXPERIMENT NO. 3
FSK Modulation
Objective
• To describe the FSK modulation and demodulation (Frequency Shift Keying)
• To carry out a FSK connection
• To examine the noise effect on the connection
Material
• Power unit PSU
• Module holder base
• Individual Control Unit SIS1
• Experiment module MCM31
• Oscilloscope
THEORETICAL NOTIONS
Frequency Shift Keying – FSK
In this modulation the sine carrier takes 2 frequency values, determined by the binary data signal
(fig.1). The modulator can be carried out in different ways; among the most used we can mention:
a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
a system transmitting one of the 2 frequencies, as function of the data signal
a frequency divider controlled by the data signal.
The most used demodulation technique is the one using a PLL circuit (fig.2). The FSK signal across
the PLL input takes two frequency values. The error voltage supplied by the phase comparator
follows such variations, and so, it constitutes the NRZ binary representation (high and low level) of
the FSK input signal. The PLL demodulator is followed by a low pass filter, which removes the
residual carrier components, and a squarer circuit which forms the proper data signal.
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Figure 1: FSK Modulation
FSK Modulator
The block diagram of the FSK modulator is shown in fig.3. The FSK signal is generated by means of
2 ASK modulators, which outputs are combined together with an adder.
The two sine carriers at 1200 and 1800 Hz are applied separately to the 2 modulators. The data reach
one of the two modulators in direct form, the other in negated form.
In this way a modulator supplies a sine wave when the datum is "1", the second when the datum is
"0". The FSK signal is obtained by adding the two outputs (fig.3).
The 6dB-attenuator makes the signal amplitude half, and is activated.
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Figure 3: FSK Modulator
FSK Demodulator
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PROCEDURE
5
Q2 How is the FSK signal obtained?
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Figure 5: FSK Waveforms
The signal supplied by the FSK demodulator is filtered by low pass filter, which removes the
residuals of the FSK frequencies. The detected data signal is obtained across the filter output
(TP24, fig. 5)
in asynchronous data transmission, i.e. when in reception the clock regeneration and the data
re-timing are not required, it is sufficient to square the signal supplied by the filter. The square
output (threshold circuit) is detectable across TP29. On the oscilloscope note the
correspondence between the transmitted data (TP6) and the received data (TP29).
Introduce line attenuation (ATT), and note that the received data are not affected by the
amplitude variations of the FSK signal. By inserting the noise (NOISE), too, you cause all
alteration on the received data.
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Q4 Why is the FSK less sensitive than the ASK to the signal amplitude variations?