Chapter 1 PDF
Chapter 1 PDF
Chapter 1 PDF
Test standards
INTERRELATION OF EUROCODES
Structural safety,
serviceability and
EN1990 durability
Actions on
EN1991 structures
Geotechnical
EN1997 EN1998
and seismic
design
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF EUROCODE-
SYSTEM
• Comprehensive & integrated system covering:
– all structural materials;
– practically all types of construction works;
• in a consistent, harmonized & user-friendly manner
(similar document structure, symbols, terminology, verification
criteria, analysis methods, etc.),
• with hierarchy & cross-referencing among different ECs & EC-
parts
• w/o overlapping & duplication.
• Member States should inform the Commission of all national measures in accordance
with the Recommendation.
European Commission: “Commission Recommendation on
the implementation and use of Eurocodes for construction
works & structural construction products”.
……..
Document No. C(2003)4639, Brussels (2003)
• For each Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP), the Eurocodes give a
recommended value. However, Member States may choose a different specific value
as the NDP, if they consider it necessary in order to ensure that building and civil
engineering works are designed and executed in a way that does not endanger the
safety of persons, domestic animals or property.
• Member States should use the recommended values provided by the Eurocodes when
NDPs have been identified in the Eurocodes. They should diverge from those
recommended values only where geographical, geological or climatic conditions or
specific levels of protection make the necessary. Member States should notify the
Commission of the NDPs in force on their territory within two years of the date on
which the Eurocodes became available.
• In order to achieve a higher level of harmonization, a comparison of the various NDPs
implemented by the Member States should be undertaken and, where appropriate,
they should be aligned.
• Member States should, acting in coordination under the direction of the Commission,
compare the NDPs implemented by each Member State and assess their impact as
regards the technical differences for works or parts of works. Member States should, at
the request of the Commission, change their NDPs in order to reduce divergence from
the recommended values provided by the Eurocodes.
……..
• Member States should inform the Commission of all national measures in accordance
with the Recommendation.
EUROCODE PACKAGES & EC8:
• Self-sufficient packages of ENs for design of each
type of construction works (building, bridge, etc.) with a
specific construction material.
• EC0 (Basis of design), EC1 (Actions), EC7
(Geotechnical) & EC8: Not basis of any EC-package; in all
packages as service items.
• EC8 parts to be included in EC-packages:
•EN1998-1, -5 & -3: in packages for concrete, steel,
composite, etc., buildings
•EN1998-1, -5 & -2: in packages for concrete, steel etc.
bridges
•EN1998-1, -5 & -4: in packages for concrete liquid retaining
structures & for steel silos, tanks, pipelines
•EN1998-1, -5 & -6: in package for steel towers & masts.
EN 1998-1:2004
General rules, seismic actions, rules for
buildings
1. General
2. Performance Requirements and Compliance Criteria
3. Ground Conditions and Seismic Action
4. Design of Buildings
5. Specific Rules for Concrete Buildings
6. Specific Rules for Steel Buildings
7. Specific Rules for Steel-Concrete Composite Buildings
8. Specific Rules for Timber Buildings
9. Specific Rules for Masonry Buildings
10. Base Isolation
Annex A (Informative): Elastic Displacement Response Spectrum
Annex B (Informative): Determination of the Target Displacement
for Nonlinear Static (Pushover) Analysis
Annex C (Normative): Design of the Slab of Steel-Concrete
Composite Beams at Beam-Column Joints in Moment
Resisting Frames
Seismic performance requirements
for concrete buildings
Performance-based Seismic Engineering
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Definition of chord
rotation at member ends
Fulfilment of strong column/weak beam capacity design
rule, with overstrength factor γRd on beam strengths:
M Rc Rd M Rb
• Eurocode 8: γRd = 1.3; strong column/weak beam capacity design required
only in frames or frame-equivalent dual systems (frames resist >50% of
seismic base shear) with more than two storeys (except at top storey joints).
• US codes: γRd = 1.2; strong column/weak beam capacity design required
for all columns that are taken into account for earthquake resistance
(“primary”)
Beam & column flexural capacities at a joint in Capacity Design rule
column 1 column 1
column 2 column 2
But:
Width of slab effective as tension flange of beams at the support
to a column: b c
c
b c
a
2hf 2hf hf 4hf 4hf hf
bc bc
b d
2hf 2hf
hf hf
M1 M 2 M
V2 = Vg+ψq,2- 2
l cl M1
L
M M
γ Rd MRd,bi min1;
Rd,c
MRd,bj min1;
Rd,c
MRd,b MRd,b
i j
maxVi,d (x) Vgψq,o (x)
l cl
M M
γ Rd MRd,bi min1; MRd,bj min1;
Rd,c Rd,c
MRd,b MRd,b
i j
minVi,d (x) Vgψq,o (x)
l cl
Eurocode 8:
• in DC M γRd=1.0, minVi,d ( xi )
• in DC H γRd=1.2 & reversal of V accounted for, depending on: i
max Vi,d ( xi )
II. Columns
Capacity-design shear in column which is weaker than the
beams:
M M _
M Rd,c1 M Rd,c2
VCD Rd
Rd,c1 Rd,c2
VCD Rd
hcl hcl
Capacity-design shear in (weak or
strong) columns - Eurocode 8:
M Rd, b
M Rd,c2 min 1; Rd, b
M
γ Rd M Rd,c1 min 1;
M M
Rd, c 1 Rd,c 2
VCD,c
h cl
Eurocode 8:
• in DC M γRd=1.1,
• in DC H γRd=1.3
magnified
shear
2
design diagram h
3 w
envelope
shear diagram 1h
from analysis 3 w
Vwall, base
• Member verification for the Ultimate Limit State (ULS) in bending under the
“design seismic action”, on the basis of analysis results for elastic spectrum
reduced by the behaviour factor q.