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Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

The document discusses integration formulas that are derived from differentiation formulas. It provides a table listing the derivative rules and their corresponding antiderivative rules. For example, the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x), so the antiderivative of cos(x) is sin(x) + C. It then works through examples of integrating (a) 3sin(x) - 4sec^2(x) and (b) cos(2x - 6), applying the appropriate integration formulas and substitution.

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Eunice Dela Torre
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61 views

Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

The document discusses integration formulas that are derived from differentiation formulas. It provides a table listing the derivative rules and their corresponding antiderivative rules. For example, the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x), so the antiderivative of cos(x) is sin(x) + C. It then works through examples of integrating (a) 3sin(x) - 4sec^2(x) and (b) cos(2x - 6), applying the appropriate integration formulas and substitution.

Uploaded by

Eunice Dela Torre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Recall from the definition of an anti derivative that, if

d
dx
f(x) = g(x),

then

g(x)dx = f(x) + C.

That is, every time we have a differentiation formula, we get an integration formula for nothing.
Here is a list of some of them.
Derivative Rule Antiderivative Rule
d
dx
sin x = cos x cos x dx = sin x + C
d
dx
cos x = − sin x sin x dx = − cos x + C
d
dx
tan x = sec2x sec2x dx = tan x + C
d
dx
cotan x = − cosec2x cosec2x dx = − cotan x + C
d
dx
sec x = sec xtan x (sec xtan x)dx = sec x + C
d
dx
cosec x = − cosec xcotan x (cosec xcotan x)dx = − cosec x + C

Notice that, quite by chance, we have come up with formulas for the antiderivatives of sin x
and cos x.

(a)
∫ (3sin x − 4sec2x)dx
∫ (3sin x − 4sec2x)dx= ∫3sin x dx −∫4sec2x d x (Properties of Integrals)

=3∫sin x dx − 4∫sec2x dx (Properties of Integrals)

=− 3cos x − 4tan x + C (From table)

(b)∫ cos(2x − 6)dx

u = 2x – 6

du =2
dx

dx = 1/2 du

We now have

=½ ∫ cos u du (Properties of integrals)

=½ sin u + C (from table)

=1/2 sin (2x − 6) + C (using substitution)

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