SOLVING TRIG EQUATIONS – Tuesday 27th August

2 2 2 2
1. (a) Given that sin  + cos   1, show that 1 + tan   sec .
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0   < 360, the equation

2
2 tan  + sec = 1,

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
(Total 8 marks)

2. f(x) = 12 cos x – 4 sin x.

Given that f(x) = R cos(x + α), where R  0 and 0  α  90°,

(a) find the value of R and the value of α.

(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

12 cos x – 4 sin x = 7

for 0  x  360°, giving your answers to one decimal place.

(5)

(c) (i) Write down the minimum value of 12 cos x – 4 sin x.

(1)

(ii) Find, to 2 decimal places, the smallest positive value of x for which this
minimum value occurs.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

3. (a) By writing sin 3θ as sin (2θ + θ), show that

3
sin 3θ = 3sinθ – 4sin θ.
(5)

3
(b) Given that sinθ = , find the exact value of sin 3θ.
4
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

2 2 2 2
4. (a) Given that sin θ + cos θ ≡ 1, show that 1 + cot θ ≡ cosec θ.
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 ≤ θ < 180°, the equation

2
2cot θ – 9cosecθ = 3,

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
(Total 8 marks)

chestnut grove school 1

 
5. (a) Express 3 sin x + 2 cos x in the form R sin(x + α) where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2
(4)

4
(b) Hence find the greatest value of (3 sin x + 2 cos x) .
(2)

(c) Solve, for 0 < x < 2π, the equation

3 sin x + 2 cos x = 1,

giving your answers to 3 decimal places.

(5)
(Total 11 marks)

6. (a) Use the double angle formulae and the identity

cos(A + B) ≡ cosA cosB – sin A sinB

to obtain an expression for cos 3x in terms of powers of cos x only.

(4)

(b) (i) Prove that

cos x 1  sin x 
  2 sec x, x  (2n  1) .
1  sin x cos x 2
(4)

(ii) Hence find, for 0 < x < 2π, all the solutions of

cos x 1  sin x
  4.
1  sin x cos x
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

3
7. (a) Given that cos A  , where 270° < A < 360°, find the exact value of sin 2A.
4
(5)

   
(b) (i) Show that cos  2 x    cos  2 x    cos 2 x
 3  3
(3)

chestnut grove school 2

 sin 2  cos 2 
2 1
1. (a) Dividing by cos :   M1
cos  cos  cos 2 
2 2

2 2
Completion: 1 + tan   sec  A1 2
(no errors seen)

2 2 2
(b) use of 1 + tan  = sec : 2(sec  – 1) + sec = 1 M1
2
[2sec  + sec – 3 = 0]
Factorising or solving: (2 sec + 3)(sec – 1) = 0
3
[sec = – or sec = 1]
2
=0 B1
2
cos  = – ; 1 = 131.8° M1 A1
3
2 = 228.2° A1 ft 6
[A1ft for 2 = 360° – 1]
[8]
2. (a) R cos α = 12, R sin α = 4
2 2
R = (12 + 4 ) = 160 Accept if just written down, awrt 12.6 M1 A1
4
tan α = ,  α  18.43° awrt 18.4° M1, A1 4
12

7
(b) cos (x + their α) = ( 0.5534) M1
their R
x + their α = 56.4° awrt 56° A1
= ... , 303.6° 360° – their principal value M1
x = °38.0, 285.2° Ignore solutions out of range A1, A1 5
If answers given to more than 1 dp, penalise first time then
accept awrt above.

(c) (i) minimum value is – 160 ft their R B1ft

(ii) cos (x + their α) = –1 M1

x  161.57° cao A1 3
[12]
3. (a) sin 3 = sin (2 + ) = sin 2 cos  + cos 2 sin  B1
2 2
= 2 sin  cos  + (1 – 2 sin ) sin  B1B1
3 3
= 2sin  – 2 sin  + sin  – 2 sin  M1
3
= 3 sin  – 4 sin  * cso A1 5

3
3  3
(b) sin 3  3   4   3 3 3 3  9 3 or exact M1A1 2
4  
 4  4 16 16
equivalent
[7]

chestnut grove school 3

 2 2
4. (a) sin θ + cos θ = 1
2 sin 2  cos 2  1
÷ sin    M1
sin  sin  sin 2 
2 2

2 2
1 + cot  = cosec  * cso A1 2

Alternative

2 cos 2  sin 2   cos 2  1

1 + cot  = 1 +   M1
sin 2
sin 
2
sin 2 
2
cosec  * cso A1
2
(b) 2 (cosec θ – 1) – 9 cosec θ = 3 M1
2 2
2cosec θ – 9 cosec θ – 5 = 0 or 5 sin θ + 9 sin θ – 2 = 0 M1
(2 cosec θ + 1) (cosec θ– 5) = 0 or (5 sin θ – 1) (sin θ + 2) = 0 M1
1
cosec θ = 5 or sin  = A1
5
 = 11.5°, 168.5° A1A1 6
[8]

5. (a) Complete method for R: e.g. R cos  = 3, R sin  = 2, R = (3 2  2 2 ) M1

R = 13 or 3.61 (or more accurate) A1
2 3
Complete method for tan  = [Allow tan  = ] M1
3 2
 = 0.588 (Allow 33.7°) A1 4
st
1 M1 for correct method for R
nd
2 M1 for correct method for tan
No working at all: M1A1 for 13, M1A1 for 0.588 or 33.7°.
N.B. R cos  = 2, R sin  = 3 used, can still score M1A1 for R,
but loses the A mark for .
cos = 3, sin  = 2: apply the same marking.
4
(b) Greatest value = ( 13 ) = 169 M1, A1 2
4
M1 for realising sin(x + ) = 1, so finding R .
1 1
(c) sin(x + 0.588) = (= 0.27735...) sin(x + their ) = M1
13 their R
(x + 0.588) = 0.281 (03...) or 16.1°) A1
(x + 0.588) =  – 0.28103... M1
Must be  – their 0.281 or 180° – their 16.1°
or (x + 0.588) = 2 + 0.28103... M1
Must be 2 + their 0.281 or 360° + their 16.1°
x = 2.273 or x = 5.976 (awrt) Both (radian only) A1 5
If 0.281 or 16.1° not seen, correct answers imply this A mark

6. (a) cos (2x + x) = cos 2x cos x – sin 2x sin x M1

2
= (2 cos x – 1) cos x – (2 sin x cos x) sin x M1
2 2
= (2 cos x – 1) cos x – 2(1 – cos x) cos x any correct expression A1
3
= 4cos x – 3cosx A1 4
cos x 1  sin x cos 2 x  (1  sin x) 2
(b) (i)   M1
1  sin x cos x (1  sin x) cos x

chestnut grove school 4

 cos 2 x  1  2 sin x  sin 2 x
 A1
(1  sin x) cos x
2(1  sin x)
 M1
(1  sin x) cos x
2
  2 sec x (*) cso A1 4
cos x
1
(c) sec x = 2 or cos x = M1
2
 5
x= , accept awrt 1.05, 5.24 A1, A1 3
3 3
[11]
7. (a) Method for finding sin A M1
7
sin A   A1 A1
4
7
First A1 for , exact
4
Second A1 for sign (even if dec. answer given)

Use of sin 2A  2 sin A cos A M1

3 7
sin 2A = or equivalent exact A1ft 5
8
± f.t. Requires exact value, dependent on 2nd M
   
(b) (i) cos 2 x    cos 2 x  
 3  3
   
 cos 2 x cos  sin 2 x sin  cos 2 x cos  sin 2 x sin M1
3 3 3 3

 2 cos x cos A1
3
[This can be just written down (using factor formulae) for M1
A1]
= cos2x AG A1* 3

M1 A1 earned, if  2 cos 2 x cos just written down, using
3
factor theorem
Final A1* requires some working after first result.

chestnut grove school 5