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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Revision Notes Geography Chapter-1 Resources and Development

This document provides an overview of resources and development from a CBSE Class 10 Social Science textbook. It defines resources as things available in the environment that can satisfy human needs. Resources are classified as biotic/abiotic, renewable/non-renewable, individually/communally owned, and potential/developed. While initially viewed as free gifts of nature, unrestrained resource use has led to depletion, inequality, and environmental crises. India's resource planning involves surveying, matching plans to development, and conservation efforts advocated by Gandhi to avoid greed. Land use data shows forests and waste comprise most area while cultivation is concentrated in Punjab and Haryana.

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Aadi Gautam
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389 views

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Revision Notes Geography Chapter-1 Resources and Development

This document provides an overview of resources and development from a CBSE Class 10 Social Science textbook. It defines resources as things available in the environment that can satisfy human needs. Resources are classified as biotic/abiotic, renewable/non-renewable, individually/communally owned, and potential/developed. While initially viewed as free gifts of nature, unrestrained resource use has led to depletion, inequality, and environmental crises. India's resource planning involves surveying, matching plans to development, and conservation efforts advocated by Gandhi to avoid greed. Land use data shows forests and waste comprise most area while cultivation is concentrated in Punjab and Haryana.

Uploaded by

Aadi Gautam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CBSE

Class 10 Social Science


Revision Notes
Geography Chapter-1
Resources and Development

1. Resource: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our
needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally
acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’.

2. TYPES OF RESOURCES : These resources can be classified in the following ways –

(a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic

(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable

(c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international

(d) On the basis of status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves.

Biotic Resources obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora
and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources.
For example, rocks and metals.
Renewable Resources can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or
mechanical processes For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife,
etc.
Non-Renewable Resources occur over a very long geological time. Minerals and fossil
fuels are examples of such resources. These resources take millions of years in their
formation.
Individual Resources are owned privately by individuals. Example: Many farmers
own land which is allotted to them by government against the payment of revenue.
Community Owned Resources are resources which are accessible to all the members
of the community. Example: Village commons (grazing grounds, burial grounds,
village ponds, etc.) public parks, picnic spots,playgrounds in urban areas etc.
National Resources Technically, all the resources belong to the nation. The country

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has legal powers to acquire even private property for public good.
International Resources are international institutions which regulate some resources.
The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open
ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of
international institutions.
Potential Resources: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been
utilised. For example, the western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat
have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far
these have not been developed properly.
Developed Resources Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity
have been determined for utilisation.

3. DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES

Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life. It was
believed that resources are free gifts of nature. Human beings used them indiscriminately
and this has led to the following major problems:

Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.


Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two
segments i.e. haves and have nots or rich and poor.
Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as,
global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land
degradation.

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4. Resource Planning in India : It involves :

identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This
involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and
measurement of the resources.
Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and
institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

5. Conservation of Resources:

Resource conservation at various levels is important.


Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation in these
words: “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.”

6. LAND UTILISATION

Land resources are used for the following


purposes:

Forests
Land not available for cultivation

(a) Barren and waste land


(b) Land put to non-agricultural uses, e.g. buildings, roads, factories, etc.

Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land)

(a) Permanent pastures and grazing land,


(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops groves (not included in net sown area),

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(c) Cultruable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years).

Fallow lands

(a) Current fallow-(left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year),
(b) Other than current fallow-(left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years).

Net sown area

Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross
cropped area.

7. Land use Pattern in India :

Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq. km.


Land use data however is available only for 93% of the total area because the land use
reporting far most of the North-East States except Assam has not been done fully.
Some area of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have also not been
surveyed.
The land under permanent pasture has also decreased.

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Fallow land - left without cultivation far one or less than one agricultural year.
Net sown area total -total area sown in an agricultural year.
More net sown area in Punjab and Haryana.
Less net sown area in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman
Nicobar Islands.
National Forest Policy in India in 1952.
Waste land includes rocky, Arid and desert area and land put to other non
agricultural uses includes settlements, roads, railways, industry etc.
Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate
measures to conserve and manage it.

8. LAND DEGRADATION AND CONSERVATION MEASURES

At present, there are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India.
Some human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, mining and quarrying too
have contributed significantly in land degradation.
In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa deforestation due
to mining have caused severe land degradation.
In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is
one of the main reasons for land degradation.
In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible
for land degradation.

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