06+shell+and+tube+hx S
06+shell+and+tube+hx S
06+shell+and+tube+hx S
MEP 460
Heat Exchanger Design
March 2018
1
Contents
1-Introduction
2-Basic components
Shell types
Tube bundle types
Tube layouts
baffle types
3-Basic design procedure
Preliminary estimate of unit size
Rating of preliminary design
4 Shell side heat transfer and pressure drop
5-Bell-Delaware method for rating a shell and
tube heat exchangers
2
1-Introduction
3
1-Introduction
Main components of a shell & tube HX
A-Shell types
B- Tube bundle types
C- Tube layouts
D-Baffle types
4
A- Shell types
TEMA
Tubular Exchanger
Manufacturers Association
Standards
Most common
shell type are:
E, F, G
5
A- Shell types
7
B- Tube bundle types
U tube bundle
8
B-Tube bundle types
Fixed tube sheet
Only an E-shell with one tube pass and an F-shell with two tube
passes result in nominal counterflow. All other multiple tube passes
require a temperature correction (factor F),
Birmingham
Wire Gage
(BWG)
13
C-Tubes & Tube layouts
Commercial tube data
14
C-Tubes & Tube layouts
15
C-Tube & tube layout
Pitch angle p
= =
= = 16
C-Tube & tube layout
17
C-Tube & tube layout
Tube counts for different shell diameters and tube layout
18
Tube counts for different shell
diameter and tube layout
19
Table 9.3 Tube count
20
D-Baffle types
Baffle function:
baffle types
21
D-Baffle types
transverse and longitudinal baffles
22
D-Baffle types
Rod and plate baffles
23
D-Baffle types
Single segmental
Double segmental
Triple segmental
No tubes in the window
Disk and doughnut
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D-Baffle types Types of plate baffles
25
D-Baffle types
26
D-Baffle types
27
D-Baffle types
Types of plate baffles
28
D-Baffle types
Types of plate baffles
Orifice baffle
29
D-Baffle types
30
Baffle spacing and baffle cut
Optimum baffle spacing is somewhere between 0.4
and 0.6 of the shell diameter and a baffle cut of 25% to
35% is usually recommended. The
B
31
Baffle cut
32
33
34
Procedure for
designing heat
exchangers
Select type of
shell & tube HX
Preliminary
sizing of key
parameters
Kern method
Bell Delaware
method
35
Preliminary procedure to size a unit
36
Preliminary calculation for sizing shell and tube
heat exchangers
𝑞
𝐴𝑜 =
𝑈𝑜 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑓 𝐹
1 1 𝑅𝑓𝑖 1
= + + 𝐴𝑜 𝑅𝑤 + 𝑅𝑓𝑜 +
𝑈𝑜 ℎ𝑖 (𝐴𝑖 𝐴𝑜 ) (𝐴𝑖 𝐴𝑜 ) ℎ𝑜
37
Preliminary procedure
to size Shell & tube HX
38
Preliminary procedure
to size a unit
39
Symbols and their meanings
L Length of the tube [m]
De Equivalent diameter [m] used in calculating Res by Kern method
do Outside diameter of the tube [m]
di Inside diameter of the tube [m]
Ds Shell inside diameter[m]
Nt No. of tubes
A1 Area taken by single tube [m2]
CL Tube layout constant. CL=1 for 90 and 45 layout, CL=0.87 for others
CTP Tube count calculation constant. One tube pass=0.93, two tube
passes=0.9, Three tube passes=0.85
Np No of tube passes
B Baffle spacing [m]
Bc Baffle cut [m]
PT Tube pitch [m]
PT/do Pitch outside diameter ratio [-]
As Min. flow area at the shell center line [m2]
Gs 𝑚𝑠
Mass velocity [kg/(m2.s)] 40
𝐴𝑠
Preliminary procedure to size a unit
𝑞 = 𝑚𝑐 𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝑇𝑐𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 ) (1)
𝐶𝑇𝑃 𝐷𝑠2
𝑞 = 𝑚ℎ 𝐶𝑝ℎ (𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇ℎ𝑜 ) (2) 𝑁𝑡 = 0.785 (8)
𝐶𝐿 𝑃𝑅2 𝑑𝑜2
𝑞 = 𝑈𝑜 𝐴𝑜 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 𝐹 (3)
𝑞 (4)
𝐴𝑜 =
𝑈𝑜 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 𝐹 1 2
𝐶𝐿 𝐴𝑜 𝑃𝑅2 𝑑𝑜
(5) 𝐷𝑠 = 0.637 (9)
𝐴𝑜 = 𝜋𝑑𝑜 𝑁𝑡 𝐿 𝐶𝑇𝑃 𝐿
42
Example 9.1 continue
Rf=0.000176 m2 .K/W
Thi= 67 C
Baffle spacing B=0.6 Ds mh=5000 kg/hr
Water condensate
Tubes: do=19 mm, di=16 mm 40 C
hi =5000 W/(m^2.K)
ho=4000 W/m^2.K
44
Example 9.1 continue
45
Example 9.1 continue
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Example 9.1 continue
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Example 9.1 continued
48
Rating a heat exchanger
𝐺𝑠 𝐷𝑒
2 × 103 < 𝑅𝑒𝑠 = < 1 × 106
𝜇
50
Shell-Side Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop (Kern)
𝜋𝑑𝑜2
4 𝑃𝑇2− 4
𝐷𝑒 =
For square pitch 𝜋𝑑𝑜
𝑃𝑇2 3 𝜋𝑑𝑜2
4 4 − 8
For triangular pitch 𝐷𝑒 =
𝜋𝑑𝑜 2
51
Shell-Side Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop (Kern)
The bundle cross flow area As at the centerline of the shell
depends on the shell inside diameter Ds, the tube layout pitch and
the clearance between the tubes
𝐷𝑠 𝐶𝐵
𝐴𝑠 =
𝑃𝑇
52
Shell side pressure drop
𝑓 𝐺𝑠2 𝑁𝑏 + 1 𝐷𝑠 𝑚𝑠
Δ𝑝𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 =
2𝜌𝐷𝑒 𝜙𝑠 𝐴𝑠
𝐺𝑠 𝐷𝑒
400 < 𝑅𝑒𝑠 = ≤ 1 ∗ 106
𝜇
0.14
𝜇𝑏
𝜙𝑠 =
𝜇𝑤
𝐿𝑁𝑝 2
𝜌𝑢𝑚
Δ𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 4𝑓 + 4𝑁𝑝
𝑑𝑖 2
54
Example 9.2 Rating of a preliminary design
It is required to rate the heat exchanger of
example 9.1
Water condensate
40 C
Tho
Nt=117 tube city Water
mc=30,000 kg/hr
55
Correct count of tubes in a shell
according to TEMA standards
56
Example 9.2 Rating of a preliminary design
No parameter value
1 Ds 15.25 “=0.39 m
2 Nt 124 tubes
3 di 16 [mm]
4 do 19 [mm]
5 k 60 [W/(m.K)]
6 B 0.2 and baffle cut =25%
7 PT 0.0254 [m]
8 Np 2 tube passes
57
Example 9.2 continue
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Example 9.2 continue
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Example 9.2
continue
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Example 9.2 continue
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Example 9.2 continue
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Example 9.2 continue
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Example 9.2 continue
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Example 9.2 continued
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