Cultural Management Practices of Chickpea

Promotion of Improved Chickpea Varieties in
Rice-Based Cropping Systems of Smallholder

Farmers of Odisha
Cultural Management Practices

of Chickpea
S Samineni, MG Mula and PM Gaur
2015
Supported by RKVY sub-scheme
Government of Odisha
Science with a human face
IMOD Inclusive Market-Oriented Development • Innovate • Grow • Prosper
Cultural Management Practices of Chickpea
Cultural management practices are measures undertaken by humans

which refers to that broad set of management techniques or options
which may be manipulated by agricultural producers to achieve their
crop production goals (Kennedy et al. 1975).
Field Operation and Management
• Field selection
• Land Preparation
• Fertilizer application
• Sowing
• Irrigation
• Thinning and weeding
• Rouging
• Insect and disease management
• Post-harvest practices
a. Field Selection
• Well Drained
• Deep loams or silty clay loams or fine-textured deep black soils
• pH = 6.0 to 8.0
• Free from salinity
• Free from waterlogging
b. Land Preparation
Harrowing Leveling (precision)
Fertilizer application and Bed shaping Ridge & furrow (45 cm to 60 cm

between rows) or Broad beds (1.2 m
4 rows)
c. Fertilizer application
Total quantities of N, P and K should be given as a basal dose. Generally

recommended doses are: 20–30 kg nitrogen (N) and 40–60 kg phosphorus (P)
per ha. If soils are low in Potasium (K), an application of 17 to 25 kg K per ha
is recommended. The important micronutrients for chickpea include sulphur
(S), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo).
The dose of fertilizer requirements vary from field to field and should be
determined based on the results of soil analysis.
d. Sowing
Sowing is usually done on conserved soil moisture. A pre-sowing irrigation

may be needed, if the available soil moisture is not adequate for germination.
Kabuli chickpea should not be irrigated immediately after sowing, particularly
in deep black soils
Line sowing (30 cm x 20 cm) Sowing of 1 seed per hill
e. Seed Rate and Seed Treatment
Seed rate differs from variety to variety, depending on seed size.

The following guidelines may be used for seed rate:
Seed size (100-seed eight) Seed rate (kg/ha)

Small (<20 g); e.g. JG 315 50 - 60
Medium (20 - 30 g); e.g. JG 11, JAKI 9218 60 - 90
Large (30 - 40 g); e.g. KAK 2, Vihar, LBeG 7 90 - 120
Extra-large (>40 g); e.g. MNK-1 120 - 150
The seeds should be treated with fungicides (2 g thiram + 1 g carbendazim/kg

seed) before sowing.
f. Weeding
Keep the crop free from weed

competition. Use pre-emergence
e.g. Pendimethalin (1 to 1.5 kg/ha)
and Fluchloralin (1 kg/ha).
g. Roguing
Rouging of off-types can be done throughout the cropping period based on

the visual differences observed in flowering time, growth habit and maturity
time. All the disease infected plants should be removed.
h. Irrigation
One or two need-based irrigation

(preferably one at branching and
another at pod filling stage). Do
not give excessive irrigation.
Unwarranted vegetative growth due to

excessive irrigation
i. Pests Management
Pod borer is the most important pest of chickpea and it damages almost all
the pods in case of severe damage.
Even though the pod borer resistant varieties are not available, this pest
can be controlled effectively through application of an integrated pest
management strategy (IPM). Some IPM practices are given below.
• Monitoring of insect population through pheromone traps

• Regular visual observations on the larval population. The action threshold
is 1-2 larvae/meter row.
• Intercropping with a crop (such as coriander) that attracts parasitoids.
• Bird perches (10-15/ha) to attract predatory birds.
• Application of bio-pesticides such as NPV @ 250 LE per ha, or 5% neem
fruit powder extract or Bt formulations @ 1 kg/ha
• If the insect population is not controlled by non-chemical methods, then
application of chemical sprays (indoxacarb @ 70 ml a.i. per ha or spinosad
@ 45 ml a.i. per ha) can be used as and when needed.
Eggs
Pupa
Larva and pods damaged by larva Moth
j. Root Disease Management
• Use wilt resistant varieties.

• Seed treatment with fungicides can
reduce incidence of collar rot.
• Seed treatment with
Trichoderma viride @ 4 g per kg
Fusarium wilt
seed has been found effective in
reducing incidence of wilt.
• Deep ploughing during
summer and removal of
undecomposed debris from
the field.
• Follow crop rotation.
Exclude chickpea from the
crop rotations of infested
fields for at least 3 years.
Dry root rot Collar rot

k. Harvesting and Threshing
Harvest when leaves start to senesce, pods turn yellow, plants are dry, and
seed feels hard and rattles within the pod. Harvesting and threshing both can
be done by commercially available combine harvesters.
Manual harvesting Threshing by combine after manual

harvesting
Combine harvesting Loading of trolley with clean seed

after harvesting and threshing by
combine
l. Seed Processing
The dried seeds should be graded and free from plant parts, soil particles,
stones, weed seed, other crop seed, shriveled, broken, or damaged seed. The
cleaning and grading is achieved by winnowing and mechanical sieving.
m. Seed storage
Seed moisture level is 10 - 12% for short-term storage (up to 8 months). After
drying, the seed should be stored in polythene-lined gunny bags or in safe
storage structures (metal bins or earthen
containers) in air tight containers. Fumigate the
seed bins or the seed store periodically with
commercially available fumigants (e.g. ethylene
dibromide and phosphine).
Isolation distance for seed production: An isolation distance of 10 m for

foundation seed and 5 m for certified seed is required.
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Promotion of Improved Chickpea Varieties in

Rice-Based Cropping Systems of Smallholder

Cultural Management Practices

Supported by RKVY sub-scheme

Cultural management practices are measures undertaken by humans

Field Operation and Management

Harrowing Leveling (precision)

Fertilizer application and Bed shaping Ridge & furrow (45 cm to 60 cm

Total quantities of N, P and K should be given as a basal dose. Generally

Sowing is usually done on conserved soil moisture. A pre-sowing irrigation

Line sowing (30 cm x 20 cm) Sowing of 1 seed per hill

e. Seed Rate and Seed Treatment

Seed rate differs from variety to variety, depending on seed size.

Seed size (100-seed eight) Seed rate (kg/ha)

The seeds should be treated with fungicides (2 g thiram + 1 g carbendazim/kg

Keep the crop free from weed

Rouging of off-types can be done throughout the cropping period based on

One or two need-based irrigation

Unwarranted vegetative growth due to

• Monitoring of insect population through pheromone traps

Larva and pods damaged by larva Moth

j. Root Disease Management

• Use wilt resistant varieties.

Dry root rot Collar rot

Manual harvesting Threshing by combine after manual

Combine harvesting Loading of trolley with clean seed

Isolation distance for seed production: An isolation distance of 10 m for

Africa with a wide array of partners ICRISAT-Liaison Office ICRISAT-Niger

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