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    Chapter 4

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    Fernando Miranda
    This document summarizes several cultural theories in anthropology, including diffusionism, functionalism, and symbolic interactionism. Diffusionism holds that civilization originated in ancient Egypt or the Middle East and spread to other societies. Functionalism views society's institutions as serving important purposes. Symbolic interactionism developed the idea that culture is learned through interaction with others using symbols. Morgan and Taylor proposed evolutionary stages of cultural development from savagery to civilization. Malinowski distinguished between basic, instrumental, and integrative human needs that cultures aim to fulfill.

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    Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    Fernando Miranda
    42 views11 pages
    This document summarizes several cultural theories in anthropology, including diffusionism, functionalism, and symbolic interactionism. Diffusionism holds that civilization originated in ancient Egypt or the Middle East and spread to other societies. Functionalism views society's institutions as serving important purposes. Symbolic interactionism developed the idea that culture is learned through interaction with others using symbols. Morgan and Taylor proposed evolutionary stages of cultural development from savagery to civilization. Malinowski distinguished between basic, instrumental, and integrative human needs that cultures aim to fulfill.

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    This document summarizes several cultural theories in anthropology, including diffusionism, functionalism, and symbolic interactionism. Diffusionism holds that civilization originated in ancient Egypt or the Middle East and spread to other societies. Functionalism views society's institutions as serving important purposes. Symbolic interactionism developed the idea that culture is learned through interaction with others using symbols. Morgan and Taylor proposed evolutionary stages of cultural development from savagery to civilization. Malinowski distinguished between basic, instrumental, and integrative human needs that cultures aim to fulfill.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    42 views11 pages

    Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    Fernando Miranda
    This document summarizes several cultural theories in anthropology, including diffusionism, functionalism, and symbolic interactionism. Diffusionism holds that civilization originated in ancient Egypt or the Middle East and spread to other societies. Functionalism views society's institutions as serving important purposes. Symbolic interactionism developed the idea that culture is learned through interaction with others using symbols. Morgan and Taylor proposed evolutionary stages of cultural development from savagery to civilization. Malinowski distinguished between basic, instrumental, and integrative human needs that cultures aim to fulfill.

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    Chapter 4

    Cultural Theories
    Ronaldo Carrillo
    Santiago Lescano
    Doris Macias
    Katherine Matza
    Diffusionism

    • By the 20 the century, most anthropologists felt


    uncomfortable with the evolutionary approach.
    The diffusionism is another school of thought that has
    used the comparative method to explain why different
    societies are at different levels of development.
    In the history of diffusion, There have been two broad
    approaches:

    - Extreme Diffusionism: They were the British group.


    They believe that civilization it originated in ancient Egypt.

    - Historical Diffusionism: They are the German–Austrian


    group. They think the civilization are originated in middle
    East (Iraq, Persia and Syria).
    Lewis Henry Morgan(Ancient Society) Edward B. Taylor ( Primitive Culture)

    • Cultural change is subject to certain universal laws. • All societies evlve in a single direction towards
    complexity, progress and civilization.

    • It applies to all societies, regardless of time and space.


    • Humans are bestowed with innate rational faculties, they
    continuously improve their societies.
    • Technology plays an important role in the process of
    cultural change.
    Lewis Henry Morgan

    7 Distinctive stages of evolutionary


    development.

    . Middle savagery: Early form of


    humanity. ( Fruits and nuts)
    Middle savagery: When human
    discover fishing technology and use of
    fire.
    Upper savagery: Bow and Arrow
    Lower barbarism: Art of pottery
    making.
    Middle barbarism: domestication of
    plants and animals. Technology of
    irrigation and cultivation.
    Upper barbarism: somethings of iron
    and use of iron tools.
    Civilization: alphabet and writing
    Edward B. Taylor

    3 Stages of development

    Savagery: simple food gathering and


    hunting.

    Barbarism: Human communication


    Pottery manufacturing
    Domestic plants and animals
    Use of iron, specialized tools
    and implements
    Beginning of agriculture trough
    irrigation
    Civilazation: invention of alphabet and
    writing.
    FUNCIONALISM
    Functionalism is the view that society consists of institutions
    which serve important purposes for people

    There are 2 divisions in functionalism:

    Psychological Structural
    functionalism functionalism
    MALINOWSKI
    He distinguished 3 types or levels of needs
    Primary or Derived or Integrative
    biological instrumental or synthetic
    needs needs needs
    Procreation Economical Knowlegde
    Nutricion Magic
    organization Religion
    Defense Laws Art
    Protection Education Play
    THEORYS
    • Herbert Blumer: Symbolic interaction was one of the first social theories
    to addres, we use culture to learn. This theory developed during the 1920s
    and 1930s.
    G.H. Mead (1934): each of use learn many different social roles through
    interaction with others. Our actions are being “conditioned” by others while we
    are affecting their actions. We learn social roles through interaction and through
    experiences in daily life situations.
    • Mead: human socialization permits more or lessconscious interpretation of
    stimuli and planned responses. And this happens because of symbols.
    Symbols are arbitrary, the use of symbols transforms the socialization
    process.

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