KASAMA SA BAHAY, KASAMA SA BUHAY: LIFE EXPERIENCES AND

INTERPERSONAL EMOTION REGULATION OF SELECTED

DOMESTIC WORKERS IN THE MUNICIPALITY
OF TANAY, RIZAL

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of University of Rizal System

Pililla, Rizal

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Psychology

KAREN A. ALDE
LHORY A. ALDE
JAYVEE JAYSON ALBERT B. FERNANDEZ

September 21, 2018

0
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the background and purpose of the study, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, assumptions, scope

and limitations of the study and definition of terms

Background and Purpose of the study

Humans have various emotions, there are currently two main scientific ways

of explaining the nature of emotions.

Influencing other’s emotion starts with giving a positive thought which

generates a positive view and suddenly convert it with a positive emotion. People

experience moments when emotions are directly affected by others and when this

happens, it control actions and change of mood. Negative or positive thoughts

sometimes can hurt and make the person happy and regret the things people say

or do and wish to be able to keep emotions in check. Capabilities to influence

other manage change, inspire and help them to lead to change emotions and

thoughts effectively.

According to the cognitive appraisal theory, emotions are judgments about

the extent that the current situation meets your goals. Alternatively, William James

and others have argued that emotions are perceptions of changes in your body

such as heart rate, breathing rate, perspiration, and hormone levels. On this view,

happiness is a kind of physiological perception, not a judgment, and other

emotions such as sadness and anger are mental reactions to different kinds of

physiological stages.1

1
 The four basic kinds of emotions is happiness is the evaluation that your

goals are being satisfied, as when winning the lottery solves your financial

problems and being asked out holds the promise of satisfying your romantic needs.

Similarly, sadness is the evaluation that your goals are not being satisfied,

and anger is the judgment aimed at whatever is blocking the accomplishment of

your goals, Fear is a feeling induced by perceived danger or threat that occurs in

certain types of organisms, which causes a change in metabolic and organ

functions and ultimately a change in behavior, such as fleeing, hiding, or freezing

from perceived traumatic events.2

Emotions are normal part of everyday lives. Everyone experiences them.

For some though, feeling these emotions can seem overwhelming, like an out-of-

control roller coaster. It is common for one or more strong emotions to occur before

an individual engages in self-injury. These often include: guilt, sadness, feeling

overwhelmed or frustrated, anger, self-blame, and low self-worth. This feeling of

being overwhelmed emotionally can lead to a deep need to do something that will

stop the intensity.3

The capacity to reason about emotions is to enhance thinking. It includes

the ability to accurately perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so

as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to

reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth

(Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso 2004)4

Other researchers like (Karim & Weisz, 2011), stated that in deep actions,

emotion is a process of feelings to have an appropriate facial expressions. In

2
addition, to overcome required organizational emotions, a deep acting is used as

basic tool. Emotional management is the strategy that refers the performance of

tasks in an effective way when, a lot of emotions are required and driven by display

of rule (Kaya & Yüceler, 2013). The deep acting also happened when the feelings

of employees are mismatched with the organizational norms and current

conditions and at that time the employee used his experience and handle the

situation.5

Due to the sheer vastness and complexity involved, it is difficult to exactly

define and enlist all the emotions experienced by humans, it is a spontaneous

feeling about any person, thing, or experience. Emotions are subjective, based on

perception and unique to each individual. Some people may have more of one or

some may lack in others. It is said the more emotions one experiences, the more

colorful life is. Emotions help humans to communicate what they feel toward

certain situations, people, things, and cope with everyday life situations.6

The first core feature of emotion regulation is the activation of a goal to

modify the emotion-generative process (Gross, Sheppes, & Urry, 2011). This goal

may be activated either in oneself or in someone else. To mark this distinction, it

is useful to refer to intrinsic emotion regulation in the first case (James regulates

his own emotions: emotion regulation in self) and to extrinsic emotion regulation in

the second case (James regulates Sarah’s emotions: emotion regulation in

another)7

. The choice of displaying of emotions left with the employees that which

type of emotions to show in front of customer and which emotions to hide.

3
Therefore, it has a few cultural, social, and psychological restraints further with

dimension of personality. One can smell and feel the genuine emotions when

desired emotions are felt by employees at workplace environment (Kim and Han,

2009).8

Similarly, (Venkatesh & Balajı, 2013) posited dimensions of emotional labor

(Deep acting, surface acting, genuine emotions) that if employees do it with good

faith; they are considered as guilty and not expressing genuine emotions. This is

one of reason employee don’t feel these emotions genuinely and use to pretend.

This phenomenon might produce negative as well as positive outcomes on the

task performance of employees. In the literature, some researchers contradict the

idea of Hochschild’s (1990)9

According to Stein, emotional intelligence is also essential to career

advancement, even more so than IQ. In addition to good interpersonal skills,

employees with high emotional intelligence are successful at adapting to change,

maintaining a positive mood, and empathizing with others. "It's hard to be a really

good leader without high emotional intelligence," Stein said10.

The study found that when employees' emotional intelligence is hindered,

they are less likely to get ahead in the workplace. One in three respondents said

that stress prevented them from being recognized for their contributions at work,

and 27 percent believe that stress has prevented them from advancing in their

career. However, 55 percent of respondents said they were not aware of the

impact emotional intelligence has on their professional success.11

4
 In Daniel Goleman’s Working with Emotional Intelligence, he makes a

strong case for a link between well-developed emotional intelligence and

workplace performance. Goleman found that 67% of all competencies deemed

essential for high performance were related to emotional intelligence. Furthermore,

one’s emotional intelligence mattered twice as much as one’s technical knowledge

or IQ for this high performance. In relation with this, in Mark Craemer study said

that EQ helps manage stress, it is vital for enhanced cooperation and teamwork,

and it helps people to learn in relationships. The ability to work together is

profoundly impacted by emotions, and this requires an ability to self-soothe,

connect, and integrate in workplace relationships. While skills and experience may

get you the job, your EQ will ultimately determine how well you succeed and how

far you rise in the organization.12

Emotion regulation has been conceptualized as a process through which

affective reactions are modulated. In this study, interpersonal emotion regulation

is defined as emotion regulation sensual JJ Gross and RA Thompson that happens

in interaction.13 As other authors suggest, in adulthood interpersonal emotion

regulation with a romantic partner is of particular importance14

This is to be expected as the romantic relationship implies the highest level

of psychological intimacy in adulthood.15 In this couple study, the association

between intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies on adjustment

disorder and depressive symptoms is investigated on a dyadic level, taking into

account the potential actor and partner effects of emotion regulation strategies.

The main question is whether the newly introduced interpersonal emotion

5
regulation strategies of co-reappraisal and co-brooding will predict adjustment

problems above and beyond the established parallel intrapersonal strategies of

reappraisal and brooding.16

Contemporary emotion regulation research emphasizes intrapersonal

processes such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, but people

experiencing affect commonly choose not to go it alone. Instead, individuals often

turn to others for help in shaping their affective lives. 5 Affect and emotion

regulation also undergo substantial systematic (and mostly positive) changes as

employees age (Scheibe and Carstensen 2010). Knowledge about age

differences in affect and emotion regulation is therefore critical for researchers,

managers, and employees. 17

Most Filipinos are generally open about their emotions (as long as in their

judgment, they are appropriate and positive). But they do not normally express

anger in public so as not to appear rude. Public display of affection such as holding

hands and putting arms around the shoulders of one’s significant other are

acceptable. There are few social sanctions with respect to modest displays of

affection in public. Rural areas tend to more conservative. There is much greater

tolerance of public signs of affection between people of the same sex than in

western countries. (Source: Canadian Center for Intercultural Learning).

According to the survey the Philippines was ranked as the most emotional society

in the world, with Latin American countries dominating the top of the list, in a three-

year study conducted by Gallup in more than 150 countries. In another study

Filipinos were ranked as the 6th most positive people in the world, Panama was

6
the most positive country with Paraguay coming in second and Thailand came in

sixth. (Agence France Presse,2012) 18

According to the survey there are about 1.99 million Filipino women who are

domestic workers in the Philippines, according to the Federation of Free Workers.

DOLE estimates there are over 2.9 million Filipino domestic helpers.3

Women and children — two of society’s most vulnerable sectors — make

up most of our domestic labor force. The 2010 Labor Force Survey reports that

84% of them are women. This constitutes around 38% of total female employment

in the country. Many of these women are young: 34% of them are between 15 and

24 years old. Relative to this According to the International Labor Organization

(ILO), the biggest concentration of domestic workers — 20% — is in the National

Capital Region (NCR). Most of these women, who left families and friends back

home, came to NCR with high hopes. But after the long journey, many hopes have

been eclipsed by regret, and cries for justice, silenced. Since most live with their

employers, many have been subjected to a number of injustices – most of which

remain invisible to the outside world. Helplessness can loom in such unsafe

environments.19

Emotional labor is the process of managing feelings and expressions to

fulfill the emotional requirements of a job more specifically, workers are expected

to regulate their emotions during interactions with customers, co-workers and

superiors. This includes analysis and decision making in terms of the expression

of emotion, whether actually felt or not, as well as its opposite: the suppression of

emotions that are felt but not expressed.20

7
 Parents residing in households where domestic violence is prevalent may

experience difficulty with their own emotion regulation, parents would have

difficulty teaching emotion regulation skills to their children parents experiencing

domestic violence had difficulty coaching their children with specific emotions

based on their status as either the perpetrator or victim of the domestic violence.

It was hypothesized that parents would have difficulty coaching their children with

the regulation of fear, as they may find it difficult to manage their own fear.

Similarly, parent perpetrators of domestic violence would have difficulty

coaching their children in anger management, as they have difficulty managing

their own anger.21

This study focused on interpersonal emotion regulation of selected

domestic workers, domestic workers are usually occupied as housekeeper,

nannies, cooks, drivers, gardener, and other personal servants. Some domestic

and migrant workers labor under slave-like conditions, in connection to this the

Philippine government protect that rights of the domestic worker through Republic

Act No. 10361 also known as the Domestic Workers Act or Batas Kasambahay

an act instituting policies for the protection and welfare of domestic workers. 22

The researchers were prompted to conduct this study because of the

following reason the two of them are currently working as domestic workers and

one of the researchers have a sister who also work as a domestic worker because

of their experiences they would like to have a deeper analysis and understanding

more about how the other domestic workers develop interpersonal emotion

regulation with their employer in the other country base on his observation and

8
interviewed to her sister he became interested and they would like to pursue this

study.

The researchers believed that the results of the study would benefit not only

the domestic workers but also their employers who are also involved in this kind of

study. This study will serve as an eye-opener to the public that being a domestic

worker also requires skills and abilities that are essential to become productive

citizens, The public must understand that domestic workers are not slaves or

servants. They are decent workers and must not be treated as second-class

citizens moreover, to fulfill himself or herself with what he/she wants or needs in

life.

Theoretical Framework

This research was anchored on James Gross Theory of Emotion Regulation

which states that emotions are reactions to the world.

According to this theory emotions can be modulated or changed, and

modulation is what determines the final emotional response. Emotion regulation

concerns this modulation of emotion in order to alter what emotions are

experienced as well as when and how they are experienced.

This theory is relevant to the present research because the theory deals

mainly with mastering emotions and making humans emotionally intelligent. This

theory also deals with emotion modulation alter what emotions are experienced as

well as when and how they are experienced. The theory which supports study idea

can be augmented by emotion regulation theory that can support argument.

According to this theory, individuals must have to make continuous and ongoing

9
regulation, organizing, and management of emotions i.e. which emotion to hide

and which emotion to show, exhibition, expression and experiences of emotions.

10
Conceptual Framework

Enhancing Positive
Affect

Perspective Taking

Domestic Workers Interpersonal

Life Experiences Emotion Regulation
Soothing

Social Modeling

Figure 1

Conceptual Model of the Study

Figure 1 presents the conceptual framework of the study on the life

experiences and interpersonal emotion regulation of selected domestic workers in

the municipality of Tanay, Rizal.

11
 The researcher choose the rectangular shape because psychological

emotional that are conveyed by the shapes are reliability, power, balance and

dependability hence the expression think outside the box meaning to think

differently, unconventionally or from a new perspective.23

The researchers choose the color green for the rectangle whose domestic

workers word is written, green because it is an emotionally positive color, giving a

person the ability to love and nurture themselves and others unconditionally.

Green encompasses the mental clarity and optimism of yellow with emotional calm

and insight of blue green is the great balancer of mental emotional and physical

energy. Hence Magenta color in the box whose word is emotion regulation means

the color magenta is one of universal harmony and emotional balance. It is spiritual

yet practical, encouraging common sense and a balanced outlook on life. This

color can show some traits that needed in the study it denotes how the domestic

workers balance and regulates emotions to others. Yellow color for enhancing

positive affect because it shines with optimism, enlightenment and happiness.

Shades of golden yellow carry the promise of a positive future. Yellow will advance

from surrounding colors and instill optimism and energy, as well as spark creative

thoughts. Blue color for soothing because blue it symbolized trustworthy,

dependable, and committed. The color of ocean and sky, blue is perceived as a

constant in our lives. As the collective color of the spirit, it invokes rest and can

cause the body to produce chemicals that are calming; however, not all blues are

serene and sedate. Brown for perspective taking because the color represents

12
says stability, reliability, and approachability. It is the color of our earth and is

associated with all things natural or organic.

White color for social modeling projects purity, cleanliness, and neutrality..

The arrows shows the inter- relationships of the interpersonal emotion regulation

to its aspects.24

Statement of the problem

This primarily aimed to reveal the life experiences and interpersonal

emotion regulation of interpersonal emotion regulation of the selected domestic

workers in municipality of Tanay, Rizal.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the domestic workers in terms of:

1.1 Sex;

1.2 Age;

1.3 Highest educational attainment;

1.4 Length of service as domestic workers;

1.5 Monthly income

1.6 Number of hours in working

2. Why did they choose to work as domestic worker?

3. As a domestic worker what are their duties and responsibilities?

4. What do they like most about their job? Why? What they less likely in

their job and why?

5. Based on their experiences, how are they going to describe their current

situation in terms of ;

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 5.1 benefits

5.2 relationship with their employer

5.3 Day-off?

6. Have they encountered emotional problem as domestic worker? How did

they manage their interpersonal emotion?

7. How do domestic workers regulate interpersonal emotion regulation in

terms of:

7.1 Enhancing Positive Affect

7.2 Perspective Taking

7.3 Soothing

7.4 Social Modeling?

Assumptions

The researchers believe that:

1. Domestic workers differ in their interpersonal emotion regulation

2. People preferred to be domestic workers because it is easy to be hired due

to demand of employment.

Scope and Limitation

This study dealt mainly with the descriptive-qualitative analysis of life

experiences and interpersonal emotion regulation of selected domestic workers in

municipality of Tanay, Rizal. It aimed to reveal the extent of Life Experiences and

interpersonal emotion regulation of selected domestic worker which is the

participants in the research.

14
 It involve twenty (20) respondents; either male or female domestic workers

who satisfied the following criteria. 18 years old and above, at least two years

working as domestic worker either working part-time or full- time and working in

Tanay, Rizal those willing to take part in the study and trust the researchers, honest

and consistent to answer the prepared questions.

There were some unavoidable limitations one of them is a significant

number of respondents available in the preliminary testing may be unavailable or

unwilling to participate in the final stage of testing or interview because some of

the data needed are important in revealing the life experiences and interpersonal

emotion regulation of selected domestic workers to reveal the specific aspects

such as enhancing positive affect, perspective taking, soothing, and social

modeling.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following are defined conceptually

and/or operationally:

Age. Conceptually, it refers to the period of time someone has been alive or

something has existed.25

Domestic Workers. Conceptually, it refers to the person who works within

the employer's household, perform a variety of household services for an individual

or a family, from providing care for children and elderly dependents

to housekeeping, including cleaning and household maintenance.26

Emotion. Conceptually, it refers to any mental experience with high

intensity and high hedonic content.27

15
 Gender. Conceptually, it refers to the range of characteristics pertaining to,

and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity.28

Interpersonal Emotion Regulation. Conceptually, it refers to the

deliberate influence of others' feelings.29

Kasama sa Bahay, Kasama sa Buhay. Operationally, it refers to the

household member who works in their employer's home for a long time.

Length of Service. Conceptually, it refers to the time spent by worker at

his or her job or performing some other activity beneficial to society.30

Life Experiences. Conceptually, it refers to the fact or state of having been

affected by or gained knowledge through direct observation or participation. 31

Perspective-taking. Conceptually, it refers to the act of perceiving a

situation or understanding a concept from an alternative point of view, such as that

of another individual.32

Positive Affect. Conceptually, it refers to more positive outlook, increases

problem solving skills, increases social skills, increases activity and project, and

can play a role in motor function.33

Social Modeling. Conceptually, it refers to learning and social

behavior which proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and

imitating others.34

Soothing. Conceptually, it refers to the methods that help to sooth calm

and relax you when you are upset. However, they are not the only reasonable

approach to helping alter your unwanted moods. Sometimes, as the saying goes,

a change is as good as a rest.35

16
 NOTES
1Kendra Cherry, (2017) Emotions and Types of Emotional Responses
Retrieved from www.verywell.com, January 14,2018

2Paul Thagard, (2010).What Are Emotions? Retrieved from

www.psychologytoday.com January 14, 2018

3Abigail Rolston,Elizabeth Lloyd-Richardson (2010) Retrived from

www.Selfinjury.Bctr.Cornell.Edu January 14, 2018

4Sánchez-Ruiz, Jose, Carlos, Prez-Gonzlez and Petride (2010) Trait

emotional intelligence profiles of students from different university faculties.
Australian Journal of Psychology, Volume 62, Issue 1 March 2010 , pages 51 –
57vvv

5Sharpe,
E. K. (2005). " Going Above and Beyond:" The Emotional Labor of
Adventure Guides. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(1), 29.

6Rebecca Falconer (2014). An Extensive List of Human Emotions and

Their Meanings Retrieved from psychologenie.com, January 14, 2018

7Venkatesh, J., & Balajı, J. (2013). The Health Cara Initiative for Emotional
for Emotional Labors. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(1), 1-9.

8Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R. 2000. Models of emotional

intelligence. In R.Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence. Cambridge,UK:
Cambridge University Press (p. 197).

9Karim, J., & Weisz, R. (2011). Emotional intelligence as a moderator of

affectivity/emotional labor and emotional labor/psychological distress
relationships. Psychological Studies, 56(4), 348-359.

10Kaya,D., & Yüceler, A. (2013). The Concept of Emotional Labor in Health

Sector. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(9), 775.

17
 11Mark Craemer, Emotional Intelligence is Vital to Workplace Success
Retrieved from http://www.washington.edu , January 14, 2018

12Goldstein, A. (1980). Thrills in response to music and other stimuli.

Physiological Psychology, 8,126-129.

13Gross JJ, Thompson RA. Emotion Regulation: Conceptual Foundations.

In: Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford Press; US; 2007. p. 3–24.
14Bolger N, Zuckerman A, Kessler RC. Invisible Support and Adjustment to
Stress. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000;79(6):953–61.

15Reis HT, Clark MS, Holmes JG. Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an

Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness. In: Handbook of
closeness and intimacy. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers; US;
2004. p. 201–25.

16Building Relationship Retrieved from december 14, 2017 from

https://www.sg.ethz.ch/media/publication_files/fpsyg-06-01452.pdf

17NancyA. Pachana (2017) Affect and Emotion Regulation in Aging

Workers 2017 Springer International Publishing AG. Part of Springer Nature.

18Jeffrey Hays(2013) filipino Character And Personality: Hiya, Amor Propio,

Emotions And The Influences Of Catholicism, Asia And Spain, Retrieved from
factsanddetails.com, January 14, 2018

19Mark Saludes (2015) The lonely life of the Philippine domestic worker
retrieved from https://www.ucanews.com/news/the-lonely-life-of-the-philippine-
domestic-worker/74471 December 15, 2017

20Katz,L. F., & Windecker-Nelson, B. (2006). Domestic violence, emotion

coaching, and child adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 56-67.

21(2013)
Domestic Workers Republic Act. Retrived from GOVPH Republic
act 10361 Domestic Workers Act or Batas Kasambahay, January 4, 2017

18
 22StevenBradley (2010), The Meaning Of Shapes: Developing Visual
Grammar Retrieved from http://vanseodesign.com, January 15, 2018

23
Kate Smith (2016) A Glimpse Into The Meaning, Symbolism &
Psychology of Color, Retrieved from www.sensationalcolor.com, January 15, 2018

24Cambridge University Press dictionary (2018) Retrieved from

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/age January 14, 2018

25Anti-Slavery International. "Domestic Work and Slavery". Anti-

Slavery.Org. Anti-Slavery International. Retrieved January 14, 2018

26Cabanac, Mich0.el (2002). "What is emotion?" Behavioural

Processes 60(2): 69-83.

27Udry, J. Richard (November 1994). "The Nature

Gender" (PDF). Demography. 31 (4): 561–573.

28Niven, K., Totterdell, P., & Holman, D. (2009). A classification of controlled

interpersonal affect regulation strategies. Emotion, 9, 498-509.

29Ashby, F. G., Isen, A. M., & Turken, A. U. (1999). A neuropsychological

theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review,
106(3), 529-550

30V.
A. Acharkan ( 2010) , Length of service 3rd Edition The Great Soviet
Encyclopedia, Retrieved from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com January
14, 2018

31Meriam Webster Dictionary (2017) Life Experiences, Retrieved from

www.merriam-webster.com January 14, 2018
32Galinsky, A., Maddux, W., Gilin, D., & White, J. (2008). Why it pays to get

inside the head of your opponent. Psychological Science, 19(4), 378-384.

19
 33Ashby, F. G., Isen, A. M., & Turken, A. U. (1999). A neuropsychological
theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review,
106(3), 529-550

34Albert Bandura (1971). "Social Learning Theory" , General Learning

Corporation. Retrieved January 14, 2018

35Mark Dombeck (2018) Psychological Self-Tools-Online self-Help Book

Retrieved from https://www.centersite.net, January 14, 2018

20
 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH AND SOURCES OF DATA

This chapter presents the research design, setting of the study, subjects of

the study, sources of data, procedure of the study.

Research Design

The researchers used the descriptive-qualitative research method to reveal

the life experiences and interpersonal emotion regulation of selected domestic

workers.

Accordingly, qualitative research is primarily exploratory research. It is used

to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It

provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for

potential quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover

trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem. Qualitative data

collection methods vary using unstructured or semi-structured techniques. Some

common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual interviews,

and participation/observations. The sample size is typically small, and respondents

are selected to fulfill a given quota.1

The Researchers believe that this method is the most appropriate to use

in research because it has the ability to provide complex information directly from

the participants using the questionnaires and interviews. It is used to gain an

understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations and it also provides

insights and dive deeper into problems.

21
Setting of the Study

This study was conducted in the municipality of Tanay, Rizal where the

respondents are permanently working as domestic workers. The researchers

choose to conduct this research in the Tanay since they are residents of the town.

Tanay is one of the thirteen (13) towns and one (1) component city that

comprise the Province of Rizal. It is located in the eastern part of the province. It

is becoming an extension of Manila’s urbanization along with the city of Antipolo,

towns of Cainta, Angono, Taytay and Binangonan. It is about 54 kilometers away

southeast of Manila and has a land area of 33,466 hectares.

Declared as a first class municipality since 1996, it has a total population of 94,460

inhabitants based on the August 2007 National Statistics Office census of

population. Tanay has nineteen (19) barangays, nine (9) in the town proper and

ten (10) in the upland area (at present, a 20th barangay is being considered for

creation by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Rizal. This proposed barangay, to

be named “Madilaydilay,” is located at the town’s boundary with Sta. Maria,

Laguna.3

The town’s major sources of income are fishing, agriculture and local

commerce. In order to be able to manage the increasing demand for public service

due to the growing population of the municipality, a new municipal building has

been proposed to be constructed by the municipal government. It was already

even preceded by the erection of equally important structures such as the new

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Building, Technical Education and Skills

Development Authority Bldg., a Technology and Livelihood Development Center,

22
Youth Holding Center, and as well as the construction of the north wing of the

proposed new municipal hall. All of these are within the Tanay Municipal

Government Complex, an expanded area of the present municipal compound

totaling more than two (2) hectares.4

23
Brgy. Katipunan Bayani

Brgy. Tandang Kutyo

Brgy. Mag-Ampon

Brgy. Wawa

Figure 2
Location Map of Tanay, Rizal showing the selected Barangays

24
Subject of the Study

The subject of the study was the life experiences and interpersonal emotion

regulation of selected domestic workers in the municipality of Tanay, Rizal.

Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents

Number of Number of
Barangay Surveyed Actual %
Domestic workers Respondents
Tandang Kutyo 5 5 100%

Kat-Bayani 5 4 80%

Mag Ampon 5 2 40%

Wawa 5 4 80%

Total 20 15 75%

The respondents of the study were the fifteen (15) Domestic Workers who

work in Tanay, Rizal. Five (5) of the respondents were from Tandang Kutyo, four

(4) from Katipunan, Bayani, (2) from Mag- Ampon. And Four (4) from Wawa. They

were chosen based on the following criteria; male or female 18 years old and

above, at least two years as domestic worker; either part-time or full-time and

working in Tanay, Rizal; willing to take part in the study; honest to their answers

and trust the researchers.

25
 Table 2

Composite Table of the Profile of Respondents

Number
Number
Code Present Civil Monthly Educational Place of of years
Sex of hour in
Name Age Status Income Attainment Work of
working
Service
Brgy. Tandang
High school
Fe 25 Single Female 4,400 8 Hours Kutyo 2 years
Brgy. Katipunan
Female 4,000 8 to 10 hrs. College 15 years
Elsie 45 Live-in Bayani

Ayz 25 single Female 3,000 8 to 10 hrs. College Brgy. Wawa 5 years

Amor 41 Live-in Female 2,500 8 to 10 hrs. Elementary Brgy. Wawa 5 years

Brgy. Tandang
Nora 47 Married Female 1,500 8 to 10 hrs. High school 2 years
Kutyo
Brgy. Tandang
Elnora 46 Married Female 4,000 8 hrs. Elementary 5 years
Kutyo
Brgy. Katipunan
Den 26 Single Female 3,000 8 to 10 hrs. College 7 years
Bayani
Brgy. Tandang
Anita 45 Married Female 5,000 8 to 10 hrs. High school 4 years
Kutyo
Brgy. Tandang
Elsa 48 Married Female 1,500 8 hrs. College 21 years
Kutyo
Minda 54 Married Female 2,500 8 to 10 hrs. College Brgy. Wawa 5 years
10 to 15 Brgy. Mag
Jen 38 Married Female 5,000 College 6 years
hrs. Ampon
Brgy. Katipunan
William 40 Single male 2,500 8 hours High school 28 years
Bayani
Brgy. Katipunan
Renato 59 Live-in male 1,000 8 hours Elementary 20 years
Bayani
8 to 10 Brgy. Mag-
Teresita 65 Married Female 2,500 Elementary 4 years
hours Ampon

8 to 12
Che 31 Live-in Female 4,000 Elementary Brgy. Wawa 9 years
hours

The table shows that the majority of the domestic workers respondents are

in their early adulthood stage; Married; female; with Php 4,000 to Php 5000; with

8 to 10 number of hours in working ; Elementary graduate; residing at Tandang

Kutyo and serving for five years or more.

26
Sources of Data

One questionnaires was utilized. The qualitative structured interview

questionnaire in Filipino translation was used to reveal the life experiences of the

domestic workers. It composed of seven (7) items it will be subjected to content

and face validation by five (5) experts: four (4) in the field of Psychology, usually

Psychology Professors/Instructors and one (1) language critic.

Indigenous methods of research such as interview “pakikipanayam”,

chatting, “pakikipagkwentuhan”, and visitation “pagdalaw-dalaw” will be also

utilized to supplement the data, moreover, to establish rapport with the

respondents.

Procedure of the Study

The study titled “Kasama sa Bahay, Kasama sa Buhay: Life Experiences and

Interpersonal Emotion Regulation of Domestic Workers in the municipality of

Tanay, Rizal who have experienced working part-time or full time in the house of

their employer and had been conceptualized by acquiring knowledge through

relevant studies.

Upon approval of the title of the study the preparation for the thesis was

done by gathering information from related literatures and studies. The

researchers conducted a survey of prospect individuals with life experiences and

interpersonal emotion regulation in the selected barangay in the Municipality of

Tanay, Rizal for the initial gathering of data, the following indigenous methods was

used such as: observation “pagmamasid-masid”, visitation “pagdalaw-dalaw”, and

interview “pagtatanong-tanong”.

27
 NOTES
1Susan E. De Franzo (2011) What is qualitative research? Retrieved from

https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/ January

30. 2018
2Municipality of Tanay (2015) Retrieved from http://tanay.gov.ph/about-

tanay, February 2, 2018

3Tanay, Rizal (2010) Facts, Location, Population, Barangays, History

Retrieved from http://www.wowrizal.com/towns-and-cities/tanay-rizal-facts-

location-population-barangays-history/, February 2, 2018

28
 Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIOM OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data

about the life experiences and interpersonal emotion regulation of selected

domestic worker in Tanay, Rizal. Which would serve as the basis for the

information dissemination campaign or developing a brochure on the enhancing

interpersonal emotion regulation of selected domestic workers.

Presentation of Respondents’ Cases

“Fe”

Fe is 25 years old, female, high school undergraduate, two years working

as domestic worker, as an all-around domestic worker she has 4,400 monthly

income and working 8 hours a day, she is residing in Tanay, Rizal. She chose to

work as domestic worker because at the nature of this work, she thought that it is

easier to learn since more of this kind of job is doing household chores, she get

into this kind of work because her friend suggested her to try to work as domestic

worker, at first she said that she was afraid to try because she don’t know yet how

to cook but when she get there she learn how to cook very well. One thing that she

observed was when she decided to stay in her employer’s house she felt awkward

because of some reason, in their house she was loud and she love to talk about

something, sharing to her family what makes her happy, she was really family

29
oriented before but when she start working in her employers house she became

conscious about her every action, she get there she learn how to cook very well.

As of now she is working as domestic worker for two years, she choose to

work as domestic because for her it is easier to do, and she has a lot of time for

herself, she used to wake up as early as 6:00 am in the morning to prepare food

for her employer, and she finish cooking before 7:00 o’ clock and after that she will

getting to start cleaning the house at night she work until 9:00pm, she said that

she manage herself being a domestic worker and a family member by being having

a work balance like she will need to finish her task on her employers house before

Sunday so that every Sunday she will be able to go to church with her family and

give her remaining time to them before going to work, every morning before she

start working she always message her family at night before going to bed.

According to Fe as domestic worker her responsibility is to finish her task

on time to avoid overloaded work because of procrastination, she said that her

responsibility and duties affect her attitude in work because it motivates her to do

her job properly she said that as a domestic worker she will need to know every

little detail of her work to avoid making mistake, and sometimes those duties and

responsibilities causes her to become stress because by considering those duties

and responsibilities in her work her responsibility as a part of the family were being

set aside.

As of now according to her 4,400 salary it is enough to support her personal

needs since she is still single and not oblige to give financial support to her family,

30
in terms of benefits according to her they give her enough rest, she has

PHILHELTH and PAG-IBIG and Day-off were favorable on her part in the sense

that every Sunday she is able to serve God and to be with her family even once a

week, she said that she is not that closed to her employer because they always

not in their house, they don’t talk often because her employer were busy to their

job, but even though they don’t talk to each other because of poor communication,

what she like about her job is that she get enough rest and enough salary in return

to her services.

As domestic worker she experienced emotional problem when she feel

homesick and but not yet her Day-off and there was special event happening just

like anniversaries and birthday parties, according to her there was an incidence in

her life that make her feel guilty and it was when one her family member got sick

and she will not be able to go home to take care of her she experienced sleepless

night because she was worried to them she said that before when she is not yet

working as domestic worker she was the one who take care of her family when

they got sick, she is the one who buys them medicine, prepare their food and

monitoring them until they get well, that’s why it makes her feel sad and hurt when

she knew that one of her family got sick and that time she was really busy on her

employers house because their boss having a gathering together with their

relatives and friends for some especial celebration, she said that manage her

emotion by keeping herself busy just like washing dishes, clothes and cleaning the

house but the most hardest part being a domestic worker according to her is when

she will going to bed at night she felt sad and she remember her family’s condition

31
and their happy moment in their house before going to bed because she said that

she was the sources of laughter in their house she was the one who entertain them

when they felt sad..

In terms of interpersonal emotion regulation, she is a person who is became

more happier if she will be with her someone she love to share the positive vibes

she has as a family oriented person she said that when good or bad came to her

life she always let her own family know it first before anyone else. She said that

her positive emotion maybe will increase when she is not a domestic worker

because according to her as a happy person she loved to be in a company of other

and contrary to what she is right now she said that she can’t show who really she

is. She said that she become more productive when someone tell her what to do

when she feel sad, it is rare when she find someone rather than her family who will

show her a sympathy most of the time when she started working she just keep

herself busy to eliminate negative emotions, she said that she became more

observant and she get more of the tips on how to manage emotional problem from

observing people around her how they deal with their emotion and apply it with

herself.

“Elsie”

32
 Elise is 45 years old, female, live in, college undergraduate, 15 years

working as domestic worker, her salary is 4,000, she work for 8-10 hours a day

depending on the situation she is now working all-around as domestic worker in

Rodriguez Tanay, Rizal. She said that her dream is to become a company

manager where she will be able to lead but it was contrary to what she is now, she

said that as domestic worker you will become a follower but because of her

dedication to earn money and to support her family needs she set aside her

personal wants and work for what is the most necessary to do.

She chose to work as domestic worker because the work itself is easier

than the other job and she don’t have a lot of papers to be hired in this kind of job

friend of her mother recommend her to her employer, as a college undergraduate

she said that there was a time that she think of applying for another job but because

of kindness of her employer and because of how they treat her as a person she

became really attached to them. Actually they don’t give a time when to stop and

start working but as domestic worker she said that manage her time wisely for her

work and family that’s why she started working for as early as 5:00 am in the

morning especially when she has a lot of things to do. She said that the first thing

she will need to do is to focus on her job and after finishing her task when she has

remaining time she make a call to her family, and when special gathering she

always give time to attend for it.

As domestic worker her responsibility is to clean the house and do the

household chores and do her job as professionally, according to her responsibility

affect her attitude in work by means of being responsible and it cause her pressure

33
because even she did her best there is the time that her best were not enough for

example she said is when she didn’t able to finish her task properly because she

was really tired and there was a lot of job she will need to perform like she said

washing her boss clothes there are some instances that she is not able to remove

those stain properly to her boss clothes and they make comments about she said

that it was common to her since she was getting old and her strength were not that

good.

She has a salary of 4,000 a month, according to her it is not enough

because of high price of goods and services and she has student to support her

study she has 5 children her husband is not earning because he was the one who

took care of their children, she said that sometimes when they suffer from shortage

of budget she talk to her employer and ask them to get her salary early so that her

family would have their money to spend for their needs, while in terms of her

benefits she has PHILHEALTH and SSS, her day-off according to her is favorable

on her part because she has enough time to bonding with her family she said that

she is closed to her employer because they don’t treat each other as other person

just like wherever her employer having a vacation she is with them, they are kind

to her and she did not struggle dealing with them.

For the long time she was with them she already attached with her

employer and when she commit mistake it was not new to her when they get mad

at her because those scenarios are just normal and she has nothing to worry about

because after that she just keep herself busy by washing clothes and sometimes

spend her time on silence and crying. She experienced emotional problem as

34
domestic worker according to her is when her own child ask her if she really love

him because according to her son if she really love him she will be the one to take

care of him and with his siblings she was hurt by that time and she said that it

made her realize and asked herself if she really a good mother to her children, she

realized that she was busy taking care of other children while she were not able to

do her responsibility to her children as a mother by that time she said ask her boss

to let her son be with her even she is working and sometimes when she has nothing

to do she ask her boss to let her visit her own children. She said that she manage

those emotional problem by praying to lessen the pain and to be able to focus on

her job.

When she has unpleasant feelings toward her employer sometimes she

said that she seek for someone who can give her a proper advice to eliminate

those negative feelings and to tell her what should be done. She said that she feel

more positive emotions when she is domestic workers even if it is more personal

than the other job, she said that by being domestic working she found a new family

to lean on and she keep her relationship okay with them since she is staying with

her employers house, when the feel negative she tend to seek to other that will

encourage her to alter those negative feeling, she said that she try to tell her boss

that she will live to know if they were going to stop her from leaving and it was

proven that her employer really care for her, according to her by looking to other

people how they manage their problem helps her to control her emotion, and give

her tips what to do if she will be in that situation.

35
 “Ayz”

Ayz is 25 years old, female, single, college undergraduate she is working as

domestic worker for 5 years, her salary is 3,000 a month and she is working for 8-

hours a day she is how working, in Barangay Wawa, Tanay, Rizal as an all-around

domestic worker.

She doesn’t want to work as domestic worker but she work as domestic

worker because she need money to support her and her sister in her family she

was the only earning in their family since her father died due to cancer, before she

got into this kind of work she was really frustrated because of what happen to her

father, before her father died she was planning to finish her study to be able to find

a good job where she can earn big salary but when her father died because they

don’t have money to spend to bring him to the private hospital who can give him a

proper treatment and proper care, because of that incidents she decided to find

job asap so that if one of her family member get sick she will be able to bring them

into the hospital who can give them a proper treatment until she decided to just

work as domestic worker so that she will be able to earn money and support her

family since her father died, she get into this kind of work because of her effort

finding someone looking for domestic worker she immediately accept the offer

when someone offer her a job, she working as domestic worker for 5 years, at first

she doesn’t want this kind of work and she planning to get another job but as the

time goes by she slowly like this kind of work her starting schedule to perform her

task is 6:00am until what time she finish her task depending on the work load

sometimes she were able to finish her work early but sometimes until midnight.

36
She is now planning to work abroad because her employers help her. As to her

day-off she said it is favorable on her part because she will be able to rest but on

the other side she can’t be with her family.

As domestic worker she said that her responsibility is to keep the house clean,

follow her employer, and serve them, According to her, her responsibility affect her

working attitudes because knowing that responsibility serve as her basis in

performing her job. She said that she consider it as her training as her preparation

for her incoming work as domestic worker abroad.

Her salary is 300, pesos only, and it is really not enough to support her needs

and to support her family needs, because at the same time she has sister that she

need to support on her study she doesn’t have benefits except her salary, she said

that her services doesn’t match to her salary but because she was already

attached to her employer she just consider it as help, she said that the most

important thing the domestic worker must need to do is to maintain the relationship

with her employer in a good condition because to her it is needed because at the

nature of work which is more personal and for their own sake to easily get along

with her employer but when it comes to sharing personal problem she just share

problem into her employer only when it comes to financial matter.

She experienced emotional problem as domestic worker according to her is

when their neighbor spread gossip about her and her boss that she and her boss

has intimate relationship those gossip came to her mother and her mother said

that she just go home and stay on their house instead her mother became upset

37
and it makes her feel hurt when her own mother believed in those gossips and it

affects how she treat her boss she felt shy and at the same time afraid that her

employer’s wife will suspected her of doing something that she will never did,

luckily her boss noticed about it and her boss and his wife came to her and ask for

forgiveness for what happen and her boss said that that was commonly happen to

them because they said that their neighbor was their own relatives who has

insecurity with what they have that’s why they keep on spreading gossip about

them, while the gossips about them spread she just pretend that she doesn’t know

about what they are talking about.

When it comes to her interpersonal emotion regulation she said that when she

feel positive most of the time she just keep it because no one is with her, she’s

always alone at her employer’s house, she said that her positive emotion will

increase and properly regulated if she will not domestic worker not like being

domestic worker she were not be able to talk to other fellow worker and she just

always face ceiling, dirty clothes, kitchen and when she feel upset it helps her when

someone tell her not worry because everything will be okay, it make her feel better,

and it make her think more positively, when she feel unpleasant emotions she just

keep it on her own so that she won’t be able to bother somebody. she never doubt

if her employer really care for her she is afraid that they might replace her by

somebody else and she said that by looking to other people how on they manage

their emotions helps her to get some tips on what she should be done if she faced

the same problem and by listening to the other stories she said that she get some

lesson that she can apply to herself.

38
 “Amor”

Amor is 41 years old, female, live in, elementary graduate, 5 years working as

domestic working as domestic worker, in barangay, Wawa Tanay, Rizal, her salary

is 5,000 pesos, she is working for 8 to 10 hours a day. According to her she

started working as domestic when she was 36 years old and she decided to work

as domestic worker as her mother advised to her since her husband always hurt

her when her husband get drunk.

She chose to work as domestic worker because according to her she did not

manage to graduate in college and because of that she struggle from finding

another job and she was always rejected due to her educational attainment. She

get into this kind of work because her mother were not able to work and her mother

recommend her to its employer to avoid her husband who always hurt her

physically and emotionally and at the same time to earn money for herself and for

her adopted child, she is now working for 5 years in her employer and because of

struggling in finding a job she just chose to stay, in this kind of job there is no exact

time for her to when to start and stop working, but on her calculation she work for

8 to 10 hours a day, personally she manage her life as domestic worker and as a

family member by giving her time to her family during her day-off.

As domestic worker she said that her responsibility is to wash clothes, cook

and cleaning the house, she said her responsibility affects her attitude towards

work because it cause her to be pressured. She said that there are times when her

39
employer watching her white performing her task makes her uncomfortable and

make an extra effort to make her employer amazed.

Her salary is 2,500 pesos she said that it is not enough to support their needs

in paying bills to their electricity and rent to their house, for her mother maintenance

medicine, her 2,500 salary is good only for 2-3 weeks, she said she was never

complain to her boss about her salary because she was afraid that her boss

replace by somebody, she said that her services really didn’t match to the number

of hours she work, not like when she are working in a company pay for over time.

She doesn’t have any benefits that should be given to domestic worker, in terms

of her relationship with her employer she said that they are very closed to each

other before but because of some reason their closeness was gone she admitted

that she love her employer, and since that incidents her employer were not sharing

their problems just like before and she said that she blame herself for what happen.

She said that despite of what happening still she love all the things she do but her

favorite is to cook their food since it was her even when she was young and that

dream is to become HRM.

She said that she experienced emotional problem when she was tempted to

stole her employers jewelries, because she was afraid that her husband will punch

her again, when her employer discovered that she stole if her employer came to

their house with the police, she begged for them to let her go and she will return

all the jewelries, her employer agreed to her but they fired her to her work, after 2

months she decided to talk to her employer after she decide to get separated from

her husband, she need to work for her, for her adopted son and for her mother to

40
survive, she talk to her employer and begged to accept her again, they accept her

again but it’s not like punishment staying in their house, they didn’t talk to her or

even look at her. Her employer pretended that they don’t see her, when she asked

them about something, but for her it is worth it to gain her employers trust again

since they help her for a long time even sometimes they yell and shout at her even

in front of their visitors and she said that sometimes it makes her feel humiliated.

She said that since she was started working as domestic worker and got

troubled in her work she said that since then she became quiet and spend most of

her time by being alone when she feel sad she just just keep it on her own,

because she has nobody to share her problems so it is favorable to her if her

employer will not say anything, she said that she will became more positive if she

will have another job rather than being domestic worker which makes her feel

down, sometimes when there are other people before she talk to them there are

times that she share her feelings and it helps her to feel better since that incidence

she stop sharing problems with her employer because of guilt that she feel every

time she remember what she did to them. She looked to other people to get some

vibes on how to manage her interpersonal emotion regulation.

“Nora”

Nora is 47 years old, female, married, high school graduate, 2 years working

as domestic worker, she work for 8-10 hours a day and her salary of 1,500 and

currently working in Tanay, Rizal. She chose to work as domestic worker because

41
of some reason she didn’t manage to finish her study and since she was get

married with her husband she stop working in a company when she work as office

assistant but when she get married and have her own family her husband stop her

from working in a company and suggested that she should just stay in their house

and take care of her children instead, but when her husband lost his job they suffer

from shortage of budget that’s why she decided to talk to her husband and tell him

that she really wanted to work in order to help her husband for their financial needs

she decided to find a job were her schedule will suit so that she will be able to take

care of her children, she get into this kind of work by the help of her friend who

recommend her to her current employer. She said that her current employer didn’t

give her schedule or fixed time when to start and when she should stop performing

her task, but she usually start working at 5:00am in the morning and she need to

finish it so that she will be able to take care of her own children. She said that when

it comes to managing herself as domestic worker and as a mother it was the

hardest part of her life she said that her children were still young and they don’t

know yet how to take care of themselves her first born child were only 8 years old

and the younger were only 4 years old that’s why when she need to leave them

and go to her work she was really worried about her children.

She said that her responsibility as domestic worker is to take care of young

children, clean the house, wash clothes and following all the commands of her

employer, she said that her responsibility affect her attitude in work because it

causes her stress because knowing those responsibility as domestic worker and

as mother to her children and family causes her stress specially when

42
there are a lot of work she needed to perform and still after doing her part as

domestic worker she will perform her biggest responsibility as a mother and as a

wife to her husband.

She struggle more on budgeting her salary in order to buy all the things that

they need, her husband only earning 2,000 pesos a month, and the rent of their

house were 2,000 a month the money the she earn is the only money that they

need to budget for the whole month for the allowance of her two children and for

their food and other expenses she said that her salary is not good enough and not

matching with the services she has given to her employer but she need this work

for them to survive for their every day life, she can’t find another job where she can

work for just a half day. She don’t received any benefits that her employer should

be given to her but she don’t demand about it in terms of her relationship with her

employer she said that they are not yet close to each other because, she only talk

to them on the phone because they are working abroad.

She said that at first she doesn’t want to perform household chores because

she work in a company for almost 15 years, until she realized that she’s already

35 years old and yet not having her own family she decided to have her own family

and when she got pregnant she decided to resign in the company even she has

big salary in that company she chose to stay in the house and take care of her

husband until her husband didn’t able to provide their needs after he lost his job

on his former job she decided to work as domestic worker as her sideline to earn

money even if her husband doesn’t want her to work and one of the reason why

43
her husband doesn’t want to allow her to work is that nobody will look after with

their children were still young.

The most difficult things that she experience as domestic worker according to

her is when she saw her own children crying because they are jealous, they are

begging for her not to leave them and take care of them instead, she said that in

order to manage her emotions she need to set-aside her own feelings to be

functional at work most of the time she said that there are a lot of things running

on her mind when she is at her duty in her work she was worried that something

might happen and she said that she just keep on praying in order to lessen her

doubt the good thing is that nothing bad happen with her children when she’s not

at their house.

In terms of how she regulate her emotions, when she feel positive she become

more happy when she is with her family, especially with her children, but she also

said that maybe she will become more positive when she is not domestic worker

to avoid looking down to herself, she said that being domestic worker make her

think that she is just slave because not like when she was working in a company

she has a lot of friends, colleague , she has a big salary and when she work

overtime there was an overtime pay. When she felt upset she just keep herself

busy and doing household chores like washing dishes, clothes and sometimes

listening to music, she doesn’t want to share it with others because she doesn’t

want to add to other people negative vibes. It helps her when she know that her

employer successfully overcome their problems, because when her employer has

a problem she also suffer when has employer turn their anger to her, by looking

44
how other people around him solve their problems it helps her to gain knowledge

on what she should do if she will be in that situation.

“Elnora”

Elnora is 46 years old, female, married, elementary graduate, she has 4

children, she work as domestic worker for 5 years, she work for 8 hours a day, her

salary is 4,000 a month, she is currently working in barangay Tandang Kutyo,

Tanay, Rizal.

She said that she didn’t choose to be domestic worker because according to

her, her impression in this kind of work for her it was the lowest kind of job because

of the nature of work which she said for her it’s slave life situation were the worker

will just follow with her boss, but when she didn’t finish her study because of

poverty when she decided to build her own family and have her own child and she

said she is not lucky on her husband who’s she describe as irresponsible and not

having a since of being responsible were his money only spend in drinking alcohol

that’s why she decide to work as domestic worker to be help her husband to their

expenses and to support the study at her children, her friend help her to get this

job, she is working as domestic worker for 5 years, and chose to stay because it

help them to reduce problem about their expenses, there is no allotted time to start

and finish her task, it’s up to her when she will start and what time she will be able

to finish her task, but she need to start as early as possible so that she will be able

to finish her task earlier.

45
 As domestic worker she said that her responsibility is to person household

chores, her responsibility thought her to be more functional, and responsible to

her duties, she manage herself as domestic worker and as a mother by dividing

her time, giving her weekends to her family.

She has 4,000 salary a month but she said that it is still not enough because

of some expenses like allowance of her children, she said that not matches to her

services, because as domestic worker sometimes even you are sleeping if they

need you they will ask you to do somethings. She has SSS, according to her, her

day-off is favorable because she will be able to be with her family even weekends,

in terms of her relationship with her employer they are close to each other they

treat each other as family but when it comes to problems they share problem to

each other but limited because she believed that there are problems that its more

personal and do not need to share to anyone.

She loved cooking even if she struggle from cooking because she doesn’t

know how to cooks when she start working in the house of her employer, she learn

how cook by the help of her employer she said that she struggle from cooking food

on her first weeks in her employers house but she said that she didn’t even hear

any negative feedback on her employer.

She said that she encountered emotional problem when it comes to missing

her family having guilty feeling because of not properly perform her responsibility

as a mother, when talking about being a mother it is very hard, according to her

she is served to her employer while her own family suffered, while she is serving

46
with her employer she think about her family. She said that she should perform for

her family but her family need to do it themselves. She said she manage her

emotion by keeping herself busy on doing household chores and sometimes by

doing watching her favorite series on T.V

When it comes to regulating her emotions her positive emotions increase when

she tell it with her employer, because her employer also happy for her. Her positive

emotions increase when she became domestic worker. She said that even if her

employer has lower age compare to her they are far more expert on giving advice.

When she felt sad it helps when her employer give advice to her, she is confident

enough that her employer loved her because of how they treat her as a person, by

looking from the mistake of other person she said that it helps her to avoid making

mistake. She is not fan of listening to the others problem because it make her feel

sad.

“Den”

Den is 26 years old, female, high school graduate, she take vocational

course, she is currently working as domestic worker in barangay Kat-Bayani, she

has a salary of 3,000,she is working for 7 years she is working for 8 to 10 hours a

day.

47
 At first she said that she just try to work as domestic but because of

kindness of her employer and because of working as domestic worker she

contributed to the study of her brother and sister she decided to continue working

as domestic worker she get into this kind of work because her auntie encourage

her to try working as domestic worker, for 7 years according to her she struggle in

adjusting, at first is not comfortable living on her employer’s house she is really

confused on how she will make an action in her employer’s house even though

they don’t mention when she will start and stop performing her task she voluntarily

start as early as 6:00 am in the morning to prepare to food for her employer

because her employer is teacher and her employer has a child which grade 1.

She said that her responsibility is to clean, wash dishes and clothes,

cooking, taking care of the children of her employer, she said that if you know your

responsibility and you are aware that you’re not on your own house you should act

properly and perform your responsibility. She has a salary of 3,000 pesos, she said

that for her it is good enough, she has SSS, in terms of her relationship with her

employer they are close to each other, they open talking about problem to each

other, she a ready attached with them and she treat them as her own family.

She said that she felt guilty because she will not able to take care of her

own family, mostly her mother, she is closer with her 5 year old brother that’s why

when she started working as domestic worker she keep on missing him and she

remember her little brother because of the young son of her employer which has

the same age as her brother. When she misses her family she said that she

48
manage her emotions through making herself busy. In terms of her interpersonal

emotion regulation, she become more positive when she share it with her

employer, but she thought that she will regulate her emotion properly if she will

have other work and will become more sociable, she said that as domestic worker

she spent more time by being alone. On the other side she is confident enough

that she loved by her employer because they show her importance to them. When

she felt sad it helps her when somebody reminds her not to worry and it make her

feel better.

“Cherry”

Cherry is 31 years old, female, elementary undergraduate, she is a single

mother who has 3 daughter, she work as domestic worker she work for 8 to 12

hours for 9 years in her current employer, her salary is 4,000 she is now currently

working in barangay Wawa, Tanay, Rizal.

As domestic worker and elementary undergraduate she experienced

discrimination when she work as domestic worker she said that her employer treat

her as if she is just a child and can’t even perform any other work rather than being

a domestic worker, she said that even though it is really hard for her she choose

to pursue working as domestic worker because of her educational attainment that

prevent her from having a good job and as a single mother she said that she need

to save money for her child’s future she was confident enough that she will be able

to provide the needs of her daughter and provide her proper education to be not

like her who suffer because of educational attainment.

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 Her schedule on her work is 5:00am she will need to start cooking breakfast

and she need to finish cooking before 6:00am, before her employer’s daughter

wake up and at the same time her own 3 year old daughter.

She said that as domestic worker she believed that she need to do

household chores, she said that her responsibility affect her working attitude

because her responsibility cause her to become stress and pressure because she

has a lot of work to do.

Her 4,000 salary according to her is enough since her two remaining

daughter’s where at her ex-husband custody, she need to spend money only for

the two of them, she doesn’t have benefits except day-off and sometimes

Christmas bonus, in terms of her relationship to her employer she said that they

are not that close and she also feel intimated when talking to them, she said that

most of the time she look down unto herself especially when her employer’s has a

lot of visitors in their house, said that she hate her employer’s attitude which makes

her feel uncomfortable but she need to like them because she is staying with them

every day, she is not able to share problem to her employer because she thought

that they might just judge her if she did.

She considered that the most painful emotional experiences she

encountered as domestic worker where, when her employer shout at her and

blame her when there are things missing, when her employer has family problems

all their anger turn into her, and sometimes they get angry to her even in front of

many people and it makes her feel down.

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 In terms of her interpersonal emotion regulation when she feel positive and

happy she more likely to share it with her friends and she wanted her employer to

say nothing, she thought that she will have more positive emotions when is not

domestic worker, which cause her look down to herself, and at least she will not

experience her employer shouted at her and asking her to do a lot of things, when

she feel sad she doesn’t, want her employer to see her, because they will become

angry to her, they hate her to see that she is deeply thinking about something. Her

friends add a huge help when they remind her not to worry, she never tried to tell

them that she will leave just to know it they care for her because obviously she

said that her employer doesn’t care to her at all. It helps her when her employers

solve their problem to avoid turning their anger to her daughter, by listening to

other attitude towards people it motivates her.

“Minda”

Minda is 54 years old, female’ married, college graduate, 5 years working

as domestic worker, her salary is 2,500 a month she work for 8 to 10 hours a day,

she is currently working in Barangay Wawa Tanay, Rizal.

She start working as domestic worker when she lost her Carenderia, she

take it as a sideline to earn money, when she know that her old friend looking for

a domestic worker she immediately accept the offer, she is now working with her

currently employer for 5 years to support her daughter study which is already in

senior high school. Her work is to wash clothes and ironing clothes, she usually

start working at 7:00 am in the morning until 5:00pm she manage herself as

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domestic worker and as a mother through dividing her time when she has a work

she need to focus on her work and when she has a free time she focus on taking

care at her daughter and husband.

According to her, her responsibility is to keep clothes properly ironed and

properly washed. Her responsibility cause her to feel pressure, because

sometimes she has a lot of clothes to wash and sometimes when she feel really

tired and still there are a lot of clothes to wash she can’t properly wash those

remaining clothes and sometimes when she has a lot of clothes needed to be

ironed she suffer n from her hands because sometimes even if she ironed a l of

clothes when she got home she will need to wash her hands to cook food and to

wash dishes.

She has a salary of 2,500 every month, and it is really not enough she

always struggling in budgeting her salary, mostly when her husband didn’t able to

earn in his tricycle, she doesn’t have benefits but in terms of her relationship with

them, she already close and attach with them, since they are their neighbors, they

treat each other as family. She said that she doesn’t have a choice but to like what

she’s doing since it is her job.

She experience emotional problem before when she attend to burial until

5:00am, and she only change her clothes and go her employer’s house to iron

clothes but unluckily while she was ironing clothes she got sleep and when she

suddenly wake up she smell something burning and she was shock when she saw

that the clothes she was ironing were get burning and the iron machine were also

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burning, she almost lost her job, she has nothing to do at that moment but to cry

she was really afraid that time.

In her interpersonal emotion regulation, when she feel positive, it increase

when she tell it with her employer since they treat each other as family but she

said that based on her experiences she experienced more positive emotions when

she was working as lady guard in a school when she interact with those

professional teachers and principals of the school, when she feel sad and annoyed

it helps her when somebody reminds her not to worry it helps her to calm and feel

better, when she has a problem she just keep it on her own especially when it

comes to her work. She doesn’t doubt if her employer love her or not but she said

that sometimes as domestic worker we should not take our job personally so that

we will not be hurt. It makes her feel inspired when she observed how her

employers solved their problem. She said that listening to other how they manage

their problem help her to gain knowledge on how she will manage herself if she

will be in that situation.

“Anita”

Anita is 45 years old, female, married, high school graduate, she work for 8

to 10 hours a day, and she has 5,000 salary a month, she is working 4 years in her

current employer in Barangay Tandang Kutyo, Tanay, Rizal.

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 She work as domestic worker due to rejection in her previews job

application due to psychological test that she didn’t get a high score and instead

of staying in their house she just choose to work as domestic worker in order to

earn money, in her four years being a domestic worker she learn to love and

appreciate it. Even though her employer does not set a time when to start working

she voluntarily do her task as early as possible, because her employer were

always not around. She manage herself as domestic worker and as a mother by

working from Monday to Saturday and every Sunday she give her time to her

family, and bonding with them. As domestic worker she said that her responsibility

is to take care of his employer, and doing her job properly, her responsibility affect

her attitude in work by becoming more responsible in performing her job according

to her.

Her salary is 5,000 she said that it is good enough to support the needs of

her family, sometimes her last salary still there until she earn her salary for the next

month, good thing she has SSS and she said that her day off is favorable on her

part, in terms of her relationship to her employer she said that they are not that

close because her employer were always busy and they often see each other, but

when it comes to personal problem they don’t talk about it and keep it their own

because that is not part of her job. She said that she like doing household chores

except ironing clothes.

As domestic worker she consider emotional problem is when she missed

her own family and felt guilty of not taking care of them, when she remember her

54
family and worried about them if they already eat, and if they are in a good

condition.

In terms of her interpersonal emotion regulation with her employer , when

she feel positive, she is not able to share it with her employer because her

employer were busy and they rarely see each other. She said that her positive

emotions may be will increase if she will have the chance to work other work,

sometimes according to her she feel crazy being alone in their employers big

house and nobody to talk to she said that when her employer remind her when she

feel sad helps her a lot, because it helps her to generate her emotion properly.

Listening to other domestic worker according to her help her it makes her feel

better and she learned to understand people around her. Looking and knowing

how her employer solves their problems give her lessons about her employer’s

mistake. According to her knowing how other deal with their problem will give you

an idea on what you will do if you are in that situation.

“Jen”

Jen is 38 years old, married and has one child, college undergraduate, her

monthly income is 5,000, she is wor``king as domestic worker for 6 years, she work

for 10 to 15 hours a day, she is currently working in Barangay, Katipunan Bayani,

Tanay, Rizal.

She chose to work as domestic worker to support her family financial

needs and the study of her child. She get this job by the help of her friend, she

55
chose to stay in this kind of job because according to her, there are benefits, there

is no tax, her salary has no government deduction, she is working as domestic

worker for 6 years, her schedule in working is 6:00am to 12:00 pm and 1:00pm to

12:am, she manage herself by setting aside her personal problem and focus on

her job physically, emotionally, and mentally, sacrificing for the wellness of her

family.

She said that her responsibility is to look after the young son of her

employer, she is working all-around except cooking, because she doesn’t know

how to cook, she said that her responsibility is very hard just like when she is

emotionally drain and stress and even she is already tired, and she don’t know

where to start she need to set aside all of those negative feelings and do her

responsibility.

She has salary of 5,000, for her it is not enough imagining herself

working for 10 to 15 hours a day and received only 5,000 a month, she said that

her job is for two person but she manage to do it on her own, good thing about her

job is that her employer give her insurance for emergency purposes, her day-off is

favorable on her part because even if she can’t be with her family that day at least

she has time for herself to rest, in terms of her relationship with her employer she

said that even if she is dealing with them every day and night. when it comes to

sharing problem , she were not allow to tell them about the problem she has except

financial because she keep her own problem confidential, even her employer said

that they trust her, she is still not comfortable because of some CCTV inside the

house that will monitor whatever she do.

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 What she like most about her job is that she were able to go to different

places that she only free, with her employer bit it is not that good because

sometimes they travel one day long and after they got home she will need to do

her job even if she feel dizzy.

Her emotional problem according to her is that when she feel sick and no

one look for her, no one to take care of her, she will need to take care of herself,

buy her own medicine, and sometimes when her employer misplace some

jewelries or money they blame it with her, emotionally she said it was really hard

sometimes she get upset, she manage her interpersonal emotion by listening to

her employer saying and remove it, or forget it after because if she will not do it will

be very hard for her and she will not manage to stay that’s why she make sacrifices

for the sake of her family.

In her interpersonal emotional regulation, she said that when she feel

emotionally positive it increase when she share it with her employer, sometimes

when her employer was in their good mood they give them advice and she get

some lessons from it, she said that her positive emotion will increase if she were

not domestic worker because of what people think about domestic worker, they

generalized that if you are just domestic worker they will look down to you, they

think that you don’t know anything and lack of skills and knowledge that’s why you

are in that kind of job. She said that it makes her feel better when she open her

problem to other person or with her friend because it is very rare when she will be

able to talk to her friends to open up about problem. She never try to test if her

employer care for her because she was afraid that her employer replace her by

57
somebody immediately and watching what people around her how they manage

their emotional problem help her to get some ideas to solve problems in life.

“Elsa”

Elsa is 48 years old, female, married, college undergraduate, she work as

domestic worker for 21 years, she work for 8 hours a day and has the salary of

1,500. She is now currently working as domestic worker in Barangay Tandang

Kutyo, Tanay, Rizal.

She chose to work as domestic worker because nobody will look

after her young children, she get into this kind of job because it is the only job

whom she can work and at the same taking care of her family, she work as

domestic worker for 23 years she said that she doesn’t want what she’s doing but

she need to do her schedule is from 6:00 am to 12:00pm and sometimes she work

until 3:00 pm defending on the task she has at that day, she manage her time by

starting working early in the morning and after working she immediately manage

to get home to take care of her children.

Her responsibility is to ironing clothes, clean the house and wash clothes,

sometimes her responsibility makes her feel upset because she has a lot of things

to do, but she doesn’t have a choice but to do her job.

She has salary of 1,500 a month, because she is not stay in, according to

her it is not enough especially when she buys their needs, but she chose to stay

in this kind of job because it helps her, she has SSS but she is not able to deposit.

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She is close to her employer she consider her employer as her big sister, they talk

about problem.

She said that she really don’t want she’s doing. She dream to be an

educator but because she did not manage to graduate she needs to have work

that at the same time she will be able to take care of her children, even if it is really

hard for her because of little salary, she accept it just to earn money.

The changes that she observed when she start working as domestic worker

is that she need to serve for the two family her family and for her employer’s family,

it makes her feel hurt when her children asking her to stay with them and take care

of them instead, her children look with her employer’s children with a jealous

feeling towards her employer’s family. She manages her emotion by just laughing

at it, because if she will think about it and take it seriously she will not be able to

earn money for her family.

In terms of her interpersonal emotion regulation she said that when she feel

happy she also share it with her employer and it makes her feel happy she like it

more when she open with her employer rather than to her fellow domestic worker

she though that they might just spread gossip to other people about her, when she

feel negative she just wash clothes and turn all her doubt and sadness in washing

clothes, but she said that she will have more positive emotion if she will perform

what she really like which is teaching, she said that when she try to inform her

employer that she will going to leave from her work to feel that they love her but

she always prove that they love her. She said that knowing how her employer solve

their problem helps her to have an idea on how she will handle that kinds of

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problem in the future, she didn’t want to hear anything about other fellow domestic

what their attitude towards problem because she said that it will make her feel that

her problem will just become worst.

“William”

William is 49 years old, single, high school graduate, 28 years working as

domestic worker, he has a salary of 2,500 a month he work for 8 hours a day, he

is currently working in Barangay, Kat-Bayani Tanay, Rizal.

He chose to work as domestic worker because he thought that it is easy to

do it than the other job. He get into this kind of job because he grown up with his

employer’s house, his current employer were also former employer of his mother

and his daughter and son of his mother and former employer, in his 28 years of

serving with his employer he started working at 5:00 am in the morning until

9:00pm in the morning, by means of managing himself he didn’t struggle about it

because he treat his employer as his own family, sometimes when he has free

time he come and visit his mother.

He said that his responsibility is to look after the children, take care of the

house, helping his employer in their business; his responsibility thought him to do

his job properly.

He has salary of 2,500 every month but he said that it is enough to support

his mother’s need because his needs were already provided by his employers. He

doesn’t have salary but he said that his employer secure his future by means of

his employer because they treated him as a family in terms of his relationship with

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his employer, they are already close to each other, he love his employer like his

own family, they open about the problem, He love taking care of garden because

he loves flowers and it makes him feel relax seeing those plants growing.

He experience discrimination by people around them because they said that

household that chores assigned to women, and it make her feel emotional taking

care of those children where he has no experiences in being a nanny and it was

rare when a man becomes a nanny he has no enough sleep and spend most of

his time by checking the condition of baby sometimes .

In terms of his inter

personal emotional it makes him feel emotional position when he shared it

with his employer and he make them happy two. He is more positive when he is

working as domestic worker because at happiness that gives by those children, it

make him feel better when his employer’s remind him not to worry, about

something and he is more comfortable when his employer reminding him rather

than other domestic worker. It helps him knowing how hi employer solve their

problem because it serves as basis in order not to make the same mistake he is

confident enough that his employer love him. Listening to others attitude towards

the problem also help him because he learn from there mistake.

“Renato”

Renato is 59 years old, male, live in and he has children, elementary

graduate, 20 years in service, he work 8 hours a day he has a salary of 1,000 a

month he has currently working in barangay Tandang Kutyo Tanay, Rizal.

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 He chose to work as domestic worker because they are living in the house

of his employer in his 20 years working with his employer, his employer reward

him by giving them land where they can build their own house he get into this kind

of work because his current employer his best friend before, they are childhood

friend and when his friend went aboard he is the one taking care of his friend’s

house. He was the one who decide when to start working and when he will stop

sometimes when he has free time he get some extra job when it comes to

managing himself as domestic worker as a father he said that it is very easy for

him since her family also living with him in their employer’s house.

As domestic worker he said that his responsibility is to taker of the

house, cleaning around the house planting, and taking care of a garden, it affect

his attitude according to him even if he is close to his employer it will never change

that even they are friends still he is his employer and he has to be responsible in

doing his duties.

He has a salary of 1,000 a month but for him it is okay because his

employer were the one who pay for the water and electricity bill and also the main

payment for his services lend to them were the land that they give to him. He

doesn’t have benefits like SSS in terms of his day-off, he said that he didn’t need

if because he has few task to perform every day just like what he said he is very

close to his employer because they are friends and treat each other as a brothers

they don’t keep secrets to each other.

What he really like about his job is that he loved what his doing he

said that it like he is serving to his own family and he did his job with willingness.

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 As domestic worker on his friend’s house he experienced emotional

problem when his animals stole by the strangers it makes him feel sad because

he exerted effort just to take care them and yet they just stole it without any

hesitation.

In terms of interpersonal emotion regulation he became more

positive when he share to his employer what make him happy, he said that he

more positive in his current work. When he feel sad it helps him when his employer

comport him through international call or through video call they give him advice

that help him to ease the pain he has. He is comfortable talking about problems

with his employer rather than sharing it with somebody else. when he has a

problem his wife were always there to comport him no matter what happen.

He is confident and sure that his employer love him and care for him.

He said that by knowing how his employer solve their problems he became more

inspired and realize that everything will be okay and it makes him to be more

positive in life.

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 SYNTHESIS

To answer the statement of the problem number (2) “why did they chose to

work as domestic worker?” the theme had been conceptualized.

Love for family

Majority of the respondent said that they work as domestic worker not

because they wanted to but because they need to do it in order to support the

needs of their family. They said that they think that is the only way for them to earn

money to support the needs of their family. That love for their family is the reason

for their extraordinary sacrifices that love makes them stronger and enabled them

to endure all of those problems that they are facing.

Educational attainment

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 Majority of the respondent did not finish their study and experienced being

rejected several times while applying for a job because of their educational

attainment, that’s why they decide to find alternative solution to earn money so that

they able to provide the needs of their family and they decided to work as domestic

worker.

For the sake of their family

Even if they don’t want this kind of job they chose to stay in this kind of job

for a long period of time for the sake of their family to provide their needs and to

be able to support the study of their children and siblings for their future career.

Work life balance

Even it majority of the respondent does not given foxed time on when they

were start working and what time they should stop they start as early as possible

and set aside all the problem and focus on their work to able to finish their task as

early as possible so that when they have free time they will be able to communicate

with their family through text, chat or call by finishing their job they said that they

enjoy and use their day-off more meaningful to their family.

To answer the statement of the problem number (3) “as domestic worker

what are their duties and responsibilities and how their duties and responsibilities

affect their working attitude? Their answer had been confirmed.

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Basis for their action

According to the respondent their duties and responsibilities s to perform

the household chores such as cleaning, cooking, ironing clothes, laundry,

gardening to look after the young children and ect. They said that their duties and

responsibilities affect their attitude toward their job because it served as their basis

for their actions and knowing their responsibilities makes them responsible in

performing their duties.

To answer the statement of the problem number (4) Base on their

experiences what is the status of their situation in terms of salary, benefits and

relationship with their employer?’’ the following information was revealed:

Discrimination

Majority of the respondent experienced discrimination when it comes to their

salary, they are underpaid, most of them received low salary. They said that their

employers think that they are okay with their salary because they are not

complaining about it but the truth is they are just afraid that if they complain they

might lose their job. They said that they perform a lot of task every day and

sometimes they work overtime but they did not received additional fee. They said

that their salary did not much with the services they lend to them.

Job Insecurity

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 According to them as domestic worker they have more personal and

intimate knowledge about their employers but the relationship is highly unequal

majority of them experienced being accused of stealing something with their

employer which they didn’t did. They are afraid that their employers frame-up them

from making unnecessary thing and send them to jail.

Trust Issues

Some of the respondent said that they are not comfortable with their

employers house because of those trust issues that employers house there are

some employers monitoring all of their action because their employers think that

they might do something unpleasant that’s why when their employers asking them

about something which is missing they exerted an effort to find it so that they were

not able to accuse of stealing it.

To answer the statement of the problem number (5) “What do they like

about their job and why?” the following reasons were given:

They don’t need a lot of papers to be hired

They said that as domestic workers they don’t need a lot of documents in

order to be hired they don’t need to paper cleaning to learn about their job, because

the job that they will perform were basic skills that can learn and their house. And

most of all they don’t need to pay taxes.

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To answer the statement of the problem number (6) “What is the emotional

problem they encounter as domestic worker?” the following problem had been

revealed:

Guilt Feeling

As domestic worker the first emotional problem that they encountered according

to them is their isolation from their family and living with their employers house

sacrifices the time that they should spend with their family, they felt guilty because

according to them they will able to take care employer’s family while in their own

family dose not, it makes them feel guilty taking care of children and not their own

children.

Jealous Children

They said that it makes them feel hurt seeing their own children getting

jealous to those attention that they give to other family according to them it makes

them feel broke when their own children begging just to give time for them.

Verbal Abuse

Some of the respondent experienced verbal abuse from their employers like

when their employers shouting and yelling at them in front of many people blaming

them for missing things, telling them that they are fool and irresponsible to their

job, and making harsh comments about their personal life which is not covered by

their authority as employers.

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 To answer the statement of the problem number (7) “How do domestic

workers regulate interpersonal emotion regulation in terms of Enhancing positive

affect, Perspective taking, Soothing, Social Modeling’’ the following statement

revealed:

For Enhancing positive affect:

Things becomes more meaningful

According to the domestic worker happiness or positive emotion becomes

more meaningful to them when they share to other people especially to their love

ones.

Increase energy level

According to them when they share happiness to other people when it

makes them happy too their energy increases and they perform their job properly.

Increase positive emotions

According to them when they feel positive and share it with other people

around them it makes them feel happy and increases their positive emotion,

because they said that seeing people happy also makes them happy.

For Perspective Taking

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 Love Lack of knowledge Trust Issue

Sacrifice Easy to be hired

Domestic Workers Work-life Balance Guilt Feeling

Life Experiences
Basis for the action Jealous Children

Job Insecurity Verbal Abuse

Discrimination Feelings becomes

Enhancing meaningful
Positive Affect
Increase Energy Level

Inspires
Perspective Taking
Motivate

Interpersonal Gain insight

Emotion Release tension
Feeling of security
Regulation
Soothing
Feeling of comfort

Learned from others mistake

Social Modeling
Avoid making mistake

Serve as basis for action

Help to get some Ideas on how to solve

future problems

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 FIGURE 3

Synthesis on Life Experiences and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation of

Domestic Worker

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