METHOD OF

PHILOSPHIES DEFINITION VIEW in EDUCATION AIM/S IN EDUCATION CURRICULUM TEACHING ROLE OF THE TEACHER
Perennialism Rooted from realism. Education is a belief that To develop a rational person and Emphasizes language, Oral exposition Master of the
A teacher-centered schools should teach ideas uncover the universal truth mathematics,arts and Lecture subject/discipline
( TEACHER philosophy which believes in that are everlasting. through a careful training of the science. Explication Authority whose
CENTERED student acquisition of intellect Use of great knowledge is
PHILOSOPHY) knowledge as timeless and books/classics unquestionable.
enduring across civilizations Guides discussion.
and cultures
Proponent:
Robert Hutchins
Progressivism A protest against Education should focus on the To promote a social democratic Interdisciplinary in Reflective Inquiry Guides the students in
perennialism. whole child rather than on the living nature. Method problem solving.
(STUDENT Focuses on the child as the content or the teacher. Involves the application Problem Solving Leader of group activities.
CENTERED learner rather than on the of human problems and Method Involves the students in
PHILOSPHY) subject. affairs. Project Method planning activities.
Proponent:
John Dewey
Essentialism A reaction towards Education was not supposed To develop the intellectual growth Stresses the core Lecturing Master of the subject
progressivism. to change the society but to of the invidual knowledge of reading, Memorization Holds control over the
(Teacher Centered Rooted from idealism and preserve it. writing, math, science, Repitition classroom with minimal
Philosophy) realism. foreign language and Practice and student in put.
Emphasizes teacher’s technology. Assessment.
authority in the classroom.
Proponent: Subject matter should be the
William Bagley
center of the curriculum
Existensialism We are what we choose to Education is a process of To help the students understand Self-paced. Dialogue Helps students find their
be. developing one’s and appreciate themselves as Self-directed Small Group own essence
(STUDENT Students create their own consciousness with the individuals who completely accept Students were given a Discussion
CENTERED definition and in doing so freedom to choose and the responsibility of their own wide options to choose
PHILOSOPHY) they create their own knowing the meaning of actions, thoughts and feelings. from.
essence. responsibility of one’s choice. Fine Arts
Proponent: Drama
Jean Paul Sarte
Literature
Reconstructionalism Emphasizes the addressing Education was a means of Strengthen the control of the Focused on Dialogue Should measure the
of social questions. A quest preparing the people in schools for and by the goal students’experiences. Inquiry students up to their social
Proponent: of creating a better society creating new social order. seeking interest of the Taking social action in Community Based responsibilities
Theodore Brameld and worldwide democracy overwhelming majority of solving real problems. Learning
mankind.
 METHOD OF
PHILOSPHIES DEFINITION VIEW OF EDUCATION AIM/S IN EDUCATION CURRICULUM TEACHING ROLE OF THE TEACHER
REALISM Prepares the children for the Education should be A happy and integrated life. Science and vocational Should change
concrete duties of the actual concerned with the subjects are in according to the
life. actualization of life. predominant position requirement of the
followed by arts, child.
Proponent: literature and language.
John Locke
Naturalism Gives the central position to Education is the natural Self Expression Literary and aesthethic Inductive Method Observer
the child. development of the student’s Self Preservation culture. Stage Setter
(Child Centered Gives maximum freedom to power and abilities. Redirection of Human Instincts Study of past
Philosophy) children. Struggle for Existence experiences.
Education according to Nature
Proponent: Perfect Development of
Jean-Jacques Individuality
Rousseau

Idealism Emphasizes mental or Education is something which Exaltation in Human Personality Religious studies Questioning Role Model
spiritual aspect of the leads one to the highest moral Universal Education Spiritual Studies Discussion
universe. conduct and deepest spiritual Enrichment of cultural Literature Imitation
insight. environment History Lecture Method
Proponent: Cultivation of moral values Fine Arts
Friedrich Froebel
Pragmatism Midway between idealism Education is based upon a Harmonious development of should consist of such Child activities Facilitator/Guide
and naturalism. close relationship between individual varieties of learning Integration and
Emphasizes the practicality theory and practice of Continuous reconstruction of experiences which experimentation
Proponent: of life. education. experiences. promote original
John Dewey Social efficiency. thinking and freedom to
Personal and social adjustment develop social and
purposeful attitudes.
Pragmatic curriculum
deals with the
integration of subjects
and activities.