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Chapter 3 The Founding of The Bureaucratic Empire Qin-Han Dynast 256 B.C.E. - 200 B.C.E

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Chapter 3 The Founding of the Bureaucratic Empire Qin- Han Dynast 256

B.C.E. – 200 B.C.E.

1. What was one of the major accomplishments of the Qin Dynasty?

The major accomplishment of the Qin Dynasty was the unification of China. This was

the start of the Chinese empire. They created a centralized government with the

emperor as the absolute divine ruler. They created a Bureaucratic empire and with

it laws, government, infrastructure, ministries, and regulations. The Qin developed a

huge military and used it to conquer its rivals and expand its territories.

2. Compare and contrast the Qin and Han Dynasty?

The Han and the Qin Dynasties both had centralized bureaucratic monarchies. The

Qin and Hang also had massive organized armies at their disposal and used them to

greatly expand their held territories. However the Qin dynasty favored legalism

while the Han were more founded in Confucianism classics. The Han Dynasty also

lasted more than two and a half centuries while the reign of the Qin Dynasty was

very short. Both dynasties successfully controlled and administrated a unified China

and its millions of people.

3. What was one of the major accomplishments of the Han? Discuss the successes

and failures of the Han.

The major accomplishment of the Han Dynasty is that they successfully controlled

and reigned over a unified China for more than two and a half centuries. The Han

mobilized massive armed forces and expanded the territories of China. The Han

dynasty was extremely successful in having a coordinated administrative control of


unified China and its 59 million people. The Han were also very accomplished in

having an amazingly successful structure of government.

4. Explain the key people and events that led up to the unification of the Qin

Dynasty.

In 221 B.C.E. the legalist Qin Dynasty accomplished what no other previous dynasty

had, it conquered it rivals thus successfully uniting China under one centralized rule.

During the fourth century the Qin adopted a new format for Chinese government,

the power of nobility was lessened and a direct relationship between emperor and

subject was created. A rich merchant by the name of Liu Buwei wanted to unite

China in hope for business and thus more profit. He took a protégé that would

become an emperor. He then along with the First Emperor built a unified China.

When Emperor Cheng’s new chancellor Li Si came to power, he reorganized each

territory as it was taken over. By 230 the Qin were victorious and united China.

5. Discuss the accomplishments and failures of Emperor Qin Shi Huang Di.

Emperor Qin Shi Huang Di became the first emperor and played a huge role in

uniting China. His major accomplishments are uniting China through battle and

keeping it united through government. He was the one who initiated a sweeping

program of centralization across China. He centralized his power by one removing

nobles of their nobility and moving them to his capital to keep them close and under

control, he dispatched loyal and highly regulated official to his territories to ensure

his dominance, and he standardized writing, weights, measures, and coinage. He

also built China’s infrastructure to move his armies quicker and established Qin law.
The traditional view of his rule and the emperor himself was negative and he is seen

as a monster.

6. Describe Emperor Qin’s tomb and why it was so amazing and a mirror of his

personality.

The First Emperor’s tomb was magnificent. It was the largest and most lavish tomb

ever discovered. Its main draw is the terra cotta solider, each unique, which amass

in his tomb numbering in the ten of thousands. It also contains weapons, rare

animals, human and animal sacrifices, and gold. This does match his personality

because he was obviously a egotistical megalomaniac who was super paranoid. He

must have thought that by taking an army with him he would be able to conquer

heaven like he did China.

7. Explain Qin Law. In your opinion, good or bad? Why? Why not?

Qin Law was a very strict set of rules with a wide variety of punishments and

focuses. Punishments included physical mutilation, forced labor, fines, and death.

Penal labor was the most common of the punishments.

8. Who were the Xiongnu and their accomplishments and failure?

The Xiongnu were a confederation of the nomadic tribes of northern China and

central Asia. They consisted of the Rong, Di, Eastern Hu, and the Northern Orodos

peoples. They posed to be a real threat to Han people and had played parts in

overthrowing previous dynasties. They overthrew Eastern Yuezhi people who

moved west. The Han emperor Wu defeated the Xiongnu.

9. Summarize the rise and fall of the Han Dynasty and explain the role of some of

the key players.


The Han Empire began in 206BC when Liu Bang, prince of the Han, defeated the Qin

army in the valley of the Wei. The defeat was part of a larger rebellion that began

after the First Emperor's death. The people were dissatisfied with the tyranny of the

Qin leaders and their legalist form of government.

10.Who was the Emperor Wu and describe his rule and his feelings towards

Confucianism.

Emperor Wu was the first of the emperor of the Han dynasty to put Confucian

scholars in positions of power within his government. He was a great leader and his

skill led to the defeat

11. What did the Wang Mang accomplish, fail and at when.

Wang Mang was a Han official who succeeded in usurping the Han thrown and

establishing the Xin Dynasty (9 C.E.). He also instituted unpopular polices and

eventually threw China into economic turmoil.

12.Who were the palace eunuchs and what was their role? How does this

tradition show Confucianism and its emergence?

The palace eunuchs were a group of castrated men that served the empress. They

grew in power and eventually placed on the thrown a child they could easily

manipulate.

13.Describe the intellectual, literacy and religious currents during the Han.

During the Han Dynasty there was great explosion of intellectual growth, religious

focus, and literary genius. The imperial library of the Han Dynasty contained a great

many books and within government itself were many scholars.


14.How was Han Confucianism different from the traditional Confucianism or

was it a pure form. In your opinion.

The Han Confucianism was a lot more like an religion than it was a philosophy it

definitely had influences from Buddhism and Taoism. In my opinion it was not a

pure form of Confucianism.

15.Describe the Chinese belief system in lucky and unlucky days. How is this

Taoist?

The Chinese believe there were auspicious and inauspicious day. That if you

committed an offense or partook in a taboo activity on though days then you would

effected by negative sprits. Inversely is you committed a good act on a lucky day

then you would have good luck.

16. How did Emperor Wu undo the damage that Emperor Qin created?

Emperor Wu created a much more free China. He disposed of the new way that was

unpopular and brought back the old more popular way. He brought back scholarly

study.

17.Who was Sima Qian and his accomplishments and belies?

Sima Qiuan he was the son in a father and son team who finished writing the history

of the Chinese and Han. He believe thoroughly in the importance of history.

18.What was the point of the reading on the Ban family and how does it correlate

with the chapter.

The Ban was a Chinese family of librarians and writers. They were also author of

historic pieces of Chinese literature.


19.Describe the Chinese society during the Han Dynasty. Discuss the social

hierarchy and the division of labor and roles outlined in this stratified society.

Chinese society was a lot more feel during the Han, scholars were powerful and

influential people. Confucianism was very popular as well as being religious. For this

reason education was for everyone. China was still a male dominated society.

20.What was the role of family during the Han? Was it Confucius? Why? Why not?

In the Han Dynasty was very important and was a very focused point in the

everyday life. The concept of family in China was pinnacle in the household and

often the Chinese would live in clans or large extended families. This was a result of

the popularity of Confucianism because in its philosophy family is stressed.

21.What discoveries were made during the Han Dynasty vis a vis the world. What

happened during this period that is linked to the Silk Road?

During the Han dynasty there was a lot of advancement in the agriculture and

farming technologies. Also because the Silk Road ideas shared between civilizations

was a common occurrence. The ideas of wars and the technologies associated with

war also advanced greatly and China used the Silk road to become the overlords of

Central Asia.

22.What is the section on borderlands pertaining to? Was the Han period a period

of great expansionism?

The Section on the borderlands is pertaining to how China expanded it borders

throughout Asia. The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a key player in the

expanding the borders of China to the north and south of the three traditional

kingdoms as well as westward.


23.What was China’s relationship with Vietnam and vice versa? The impact this

relationship has had on 19-21st century history.

China was like the big brother of Vietnam a more accurate description was that

China was the overlord of Vietnam.

24.What led to the collapse of the Qin and Han dynasties?

What led to the collapse of the Qin and Han Dynasties were non-loyal relatives and

the north Xiongnu banding together and toppling the dynasties.

25.Briefly summarize in bullet form the failures and accomplishments of both the

Han and Qin dynasties.

 Unifying China

 Developing a complex and bureaucratic system of government

 Having a successful empire and expanding the borders

 Both feel due to the northern nomadic tribes

26.Summarize the reading on Buddhism in India and how Buddhism was

transmitted from India to China and across the Silk Road. The impact.

Buddhism was transmitted from India through trading originally. The idea of

Buddhism was passed through as an idea across the trading route of the Silk Road.

Buddhism was highly compatible with the other philosophies and religions of China.

Offering an alternative view on Confucianism and Taoism. It was supplementary to

these beliefs the Chinese held.

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