09/01/2019 Manual - FreeFileSync

— Folder Comparison and Synchronization —

Basic usage:
1. Choose left and right folders.

2. Compare them.

3. Select synchronization settings.

4. Press Synchronize to begin synchronization.

Note
For more detailed explanations on how to set up the most common synchronization scenarios, have a look at
the FreeFileSync video tutorials.

Main Dialog Overview

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1. Start comparison
2. Change comparison settings
3. Include/exclude specific files
4. Change synchronization settings
5. Start synchronization
6. Add folder pairs
7. Select left and right folders
8. Save/load configuration
9. Tree overview panel
10. Synchronization preview
11. Select categories to show on grid
12. Synchronization statistics

Command Line Usage

FreeFileSync supports additional synchronization scenarios via a command line interface. To get a syntax overview,
open the console, go to the directory where FreeFileSync is installed and type:
FreeFileSync.exe -h or FreeFileSync.exe --help

1. Run a FreeFileSync batch job

In order to start synchronization in batch mode, supply the path of a ffs_batch configuration file as the first argument
for FreeFileSync.exe:
FreeFileSync.exe "D:\Backup Projects.ffs_batch"

After synchronization one of the following status codes is returned:

Return Codes
0 - Synchronization completed successfully
1 - Synchronization completed with warnings
2 - Synchronization completed with errors
3 - Synchronization was aborted

You can evaluate these codes from a script (e.g. a cmd or bat file on Windows) and check if synchronization
completed successfully:
"C:\Program Files\FreeFileSync\FreeFileSync.exe" "D:\Backup Projects.ffs_batch"
if errorlevel 1 (

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::if return code is 1 or greater, something went wrong, add special treatment
here
echo Errors occurred during synchronization...
pause
)

Instead of showing an error message, you can also send an email notification (using a third party tool).

Attention
If you are running the batch job unattended, make sure your script is not blocked showing a notification dialog.
Consider the following options when setting up the FreeFileSync batch job:
Set When finished to Exit to skip the summary dialog after synchronization.
Set up error handling to Ignore errors or Cancel to stop the synchronization at the first error.

2. Start a FreeFileSync GUI configuration

If you pass a ffs_gui file, FreeFileSync will start in GUI mode and immediately start comparison (but only if all
directories exist):
FreeFileSync.exe "D:\Manual Backup.ffs_gui"

3. Customize an existing configuration

You can replace the directories of a given ffs_gui or ffs_batch configuration file by using the -DirPair parameter:
FreeFileSync.exe "D:\Manual Backup.ffs_gui" -dirpair C:\NewSource D:\NewTarget

4. Merge multiple configurations

When more than one configuration file is provided, FreeFileSync will merge everything into a single configuration
with multiple folder pairs and start in GUI mode:
FreeFileSync.exe "D:\Manual Backup.ffs_gui" "D:\Backup Projects.ffs_batch"

5. Use a different GlobalSettings.xml file

By default, FreeFileSync uses a single GlobalSettings.xml file containing options that apply to all synchronization
tasks; for examples see Expert Settings. If you want FreeFileSync to use a different settings file instead, you can
specify the path via command line:
FreeFileSync.exe "D:\My GlobalSettings.xml"

Comparison Settings

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Comparison variants
When comparing two folders, FreeFileSync analyses the paths relative to the left and right base folders of the
contained files. If the relative path matches, FreeFileSync decides how the file pair is categorized by considering the
selected comparison variant:

1. Compare by File time and size

This variant considers two files equal when both modification time and file size match. It should be selected when
synchronizing files with a backup location. Whenever a file is changed, its file modification time is also updated.
Therefore, a comparison by File Time and size will detect all files that should be synchronized. The following
categories are distinguished:
I. file exists on one side only
left only
right only
II. file exists on both sides
i. different date
left newer
right newer
ii. same date
equal
conflict (same date, different size)

2. Compare by File content

Two files are marked as equal if they have identical content. This variant should be selected when doing
consistency checks to see if the files on both sides are bit-wise identical. Naturally, it is the slowest of all comparison
variants, so its usefulness for the purpose of synchronization is limited. If used for synchronization, it can serve as a
fallback when modification times are not reliable. For example certain mobile phones and legacy FTP servers do not
preserve modification times, so the only way to detect different files when the file sizes are the same is by reading
their content.
I. file exists on one side only
left only
right only
II. file exists on both sides
equal
different content

3. Compare by File size

Two files are considered equal if they have the same file size. Since it's possible for files that have the same size to
have different content, this variant should only be used when file modification times are not available or reliable, e.g.
in certain MTP and FTP synchronization scenarios, and where a comparison by content would be too slow.
I. file exists on one side only
left only
right only
II. file exists on both sides
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equal
different size

Symbolic Link Handling

FreeFileSync lets you choose to include symbolic links (also called symlinks or soft links) when scanning directories
rather than skipping over them. When included, you can select between two ways to handle them:
1. Follow: Treat symbolic links like the object they are pointing to. Links pointing to directories are traversed like
ordinary directories and the target of each link is copied during synchronization.
2. Direct: Evaluate the symbolic link object directly. Symbolic links will be shown as separate entities. Links pointing
to directories are not traversed and the link object itself is copied during synchronization.

Note
Under Windows the symbolic link options apply to symbolic links, volume mount points and NTFS junction
points.
Copying symbolic links requires FreeFileSync to be started with administrator rights.

Daylight Saving Time (Windows)

A common problem synchronization software has to handle is +-1 hour file time shifts after a Daylight Saving Time
(DST) switch has occurred. This can be observed, for example, when a FAT32- or exFAT-formatted volume (in the
following called "FAT") is compared against an NTFS volume, like when synchronizing a USB memory stick against
a local disk. Files that previously appeared to be in sync are now shown with a one hour modification time offset,
although they have not been modified by the user or the operating system.

The reason for this behavior lies in the way NTFS and FAT store file times: NTFS stores time in UTC format, while
FAT uses local time.

When times of these two different formats are compared, one format has to be converted into the other first. In either
way, Windows uses the current DST status as well as the current time zone for its calculations. Consequently, the
result of this comparison is dependent from current system settings with the effect that file times that used to be the
same show up as different after a DST switch or when the time zone has changed.

For a detailed discussion about this issue see:

https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1144/Beating-the-Daylight-Savings-Time-bug

Solutions:
1. In FreeFileSync's comparison settings you can enter one or more time shifts to ignore during comparison: If you
need to handle differences due to daylight saving time, enter a single one hour shift. If the differences are caused
by changing the time zone, enter one or more time shifts as needed.

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Note
File times have to be equal or differ by exactly the time shift entered to be considered the same. Therefore,
the time shift setting should not be confused with a time interval or tolerance.

2. Alternatively, you can avoid the problem in the first place by only synchronizing from FAT to FAT or NTFS to
NTFS file systems. Since most local disks are formatted with NTFS and USB memory sticks with FAT, this
situation could be handled by formatting the USB stick with NTFS as well.

Exclude Items via Filter

Files and directories are only considered for synchronization if they pass all filter rules. They have to match at least
one entry in the include list and none of the entries in the exclude list as presented in the filter configuration dialog:
Each list item must be a file or directory path relative to synchronization base directories.
Multiple items must be separated by | or a new line.
Wild cards * and ? may be used: * means zero or more characters while ? represents exactly one character.

Example: Exclude items from folder pair C:\Source, D:\Target

Filter description Filter phrase
Single file C:\Source\file.txt \file.txt
Single folder C:\Source\SubFolder \SubFolder\
All files (and folders) named thumbs.db *\thumbs.db
All *.tmp files located in SubFolder \SubFolder\*.tmp
Files and folders containing temp somewhere in their path *temp*
Multiple entries separated by vertical bar *.tmp | *.doc | *.bak
All subdirectories of the base directories *\
*.txt files located in subdirectories of base directories \*\*.txt

Example: Exclude a sub folder except for certain files

Set up two folder pairs with the same source and target paths but with distinct local filters:
Folder pair 1; local exclude filter: \SubFolder\
Folder pair 2; local include filter: \SubFolder\*.txt

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Example: Exclude empty folders

Set up a file size filter with a lower limit of 0 bytes. Both the time span and file size filters
match files only, so this will exclude all folders. During synchronization however some
excluded folders will still be synchronized if they contain at least one non-excluded item, i.e.
when they are not empty.

Note
For simple exclusions, just right-click and exclude one item or a list of items directly via the context
menu on main dialog.
A filter phrase is compared against both file and directory paths. If you want to consider directories only, you
can give a hint by appending a path separator.
Both slash (/) and backslash (\) can be used as the path separator character.

Expert Settings
FreeFileSync has a number of special-purpose settings that can only be accessed by manually opening the global
configuration file GlobalSettings.xml. Note that this file is read once when FreeFileSync starts and saved again
on exit. Therefore, you should apply manual changes only while FreeFileSync is not running. For the portable
FreeFileSync variant the file is found in the installation folder, for local installations go to:

Windows: %AppData%\FreeFileSync
Linux: ~/.config/FreeFileSync
macOS: ~/Library/Application Support/FreeFileSync

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<FreeFileSync XmlType="GLOBAL">
<General>
<FileTimeTolerance Seconds="2"/>
<RunWithBackgroundPriorityEnabled="false"/>
<LockDirectoriesDuringSync Enabled="true"/>
<VerifyCopiedFiles Enabled="false"/>
<NotificationSoundCompareFinished="ding.wav" SyncFinished="harp.wav"/>

Contents of GlobalSettings.xml

FileTimeTolerance:
By default file modification times are allowed to have a 2 second difference while still being considered equal. This is
required by FAT/FAT32 file systems which store file times only with a 2-second precision.

RunWithBackgroundPriority:
While synchronization is running, other applications that are accessing the same data locations may experience a
noticeable slowdown. Enable this setting to lower FreeFileSync's resource consumption at the cost of a significantly
slower synchronization speed.

LockDirectoriesDuringSync:
In order to prevent multiple synchronization tasks from reading and writing the same files, FreeFileSync instances
are serialized with lock files (sync.ffs_lock). The lock files are only recognized by FreeFileSync and make sure
that at most, a single synchronization is running against a certain folder at a time while other instances are queued
to wait. This ensures that only consistent sets of files are subject to synchronization. The primary use case are
network synchronization scenarios where multiple users run FreeFileSync concurrently against a shared network
folder.

VerifyCopiedFiles:
If active, FreeFileSync will binary-compare source and target files after copying and report verification errors. Note
that this may double file copy times and is no guarantee that data has not already been corrupted prior to copying.
Additionally, corruption may be hidden by deceptively reading valid data from various buffers in the application and
hardware stack:
Does the CopyFile function verify that the data reached its final destination successfully?

NotificationSound:
Select sound files from the FreeFileSync installation directory to be played after comparison or synchronization. Set
empty names if no sound should be played.
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External Applications
When you double-click on one of the rows on the main dialog, FreeFileSync opens the operating system's file
browser by default. On Windows, it calls explorer /select, "%local_path%", on Linux xdg-open
"%folder_path%" and on macOS open -R "%local_path%". To customize this behavior or integrate other
external applications into FreeFileSync, navigate to Menu → Tools → Options → Customize context menu and
add or replace a command.

The first entry will be executed when double-clicking a row on the main grid or when pressing ENTER. All other
entries can be accessed quickly by pressing the associated numeric keys or via the context menu that is shown
after a right mouse click.

In addition to regular Macros, the following special macros are available:

Macro Description
%item_path% Full file or folder path
%folder_path% Parent folder path
%local_path% Creates a temporary local copy for files located on SFTP and MTP storage.
Identical to %item_path% for files on local disks and network shares.

Note: To refer to the item on the opposite side, append "2" to the macro name: e.g. %item_path2%,
%folder_path2%, %local_path2%.

Examples:
Start file content comparison tool (WinMerge):
"C:\Program Files (x86)\WinMerge\WinMergeU.exe" "%local_path%" "%local_path2%"

opendiff on macOS (requires Xcode):

opendiff "%local_path%" "%local_path2%"

Show file in Windows Explorer:

explorer /select, "%local_path%"

Open file with associated application:

"%local_path%"

Open Command Prompt for selected item:

cmd /k cd /D "%folder_path%"

Write list of selected file paths to a text file:

cmd /c echo %item_path% >> %csidl_Desktop%\file_list.txt

Preview files using Quick Look on macOS:

qlmanage -p "%local_path%"

Note
Macros need to be protected with quotation marks if they can resolve to file paths containing whitespace
characters.

Macros
All directory paths may contain macros that are expanded during synchronization. The beginnings and ends of each
macro are marked by a % character. In addition to special macros handling time and date, the operating system's
environment variables may also be used.

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Internal macros
Macro Example Format
%date% 2016-12-31 [YYYY-MM-DD]
%time% 112233 [hhmmss]
%timestamp% 2016-12-31 112233 [YYYY-MM-DD hhmmss]

%year% 2016
%month% 12 [01–12]
%day% 31 [01–31]

%hour% 11 [00–23]
%min% 22 [00–59]
%sec% 33 [00–59]

%weekday% Monday day of the week

%week% 52 [01–52] calendar week

Environment variables (Windows)

Macro Example
%AllUsersProfile% C:\ProgramData
%AppData% C:\Users\Zenju\AppData\Roaming
%ComputerName% Zenju-PC
%LocalAppData% C:\Users\Zenju\AppData\Local
%ProgramData% C:\ProgramData
%ProgramFiles% C:\Program Files
%ProgramFiles(x86)% C:\Program Files (x86)
%Public% C:\Users\Public
%Temp% C:\Windows\Temp
%UserName% Zenju
%UserProfile% C:\Users\Zenju
%WinDir% C:\Windows

Special folder locations (Windows)

Macro Example
%csidl_Desktop% C:\Users\Zenju\Desktop
%csidl_Documents% C:\Users\Zenju\Documents
%csidl_Pictures% C:\Users\Zenju\Pictures
%csidl_Music% C:\Users\Zenju\Music
%csidl_Videos% C:\Users\Zenju\Videos
%csidl_Downloads% C:\Users\Zenju\Downloads
%csidl_Favorites% C:\Users\Zenju\Favorites
%csidl_Resources% C:\Windows\Resources
%csidl_Quicklaunch% C:\Users\Zenju\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Internet
Explorer\Quick Launch
%csidl_StartMenu% C:\Users\Zenju\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start
Menu
%csidl_Programs% C:\Users\Zenju\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start
Menu\Programs
%csidl_Startup% C:\Users\Zenju\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start
Menu\Programs\StartUp
%csidl_Nethood% C:\Users\Zenju\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Network
Shortcuts
%csidl_Templates% C:\Users\Zenju\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Templates
Note: Most of the above macros also have a variant for public folders,
e.g. %csidl_Documents% has %csidl_PublicDocuments%.

Hint: You can add a flexibility to an ffs_batch configuration file by creating new temporary environment variables in a
bat or cmd file that are evaluated by FreeFileSync at runtime:

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Example:
The FreeFileSync batch file C:\SyncJob.ffs_batch contains macro %MyVar% instead of an absolute target
folder and is invoked by a cmd file:
set MyVar=C:\Target
"C:\Program files\FreeFileSync\FreeFileSync.exe" C:\SyncJob.ffs_batch
::%MyVar% is resolved as C:\Target during synchronization

Note
Temporary environment variables created with the set command are only valid if the synchronization is started
by calling the FreeFileSync executable directly. Using start /wait would create a new program context
without these temporary variables.

Performance Improvements
FreeFileSync can be set up to issue multiple file accesses in parallel. This
speeds up synchronization times dramatically in cases where single I/O
operations have significant latency (e.g. long response times on a slow network
connection) or they cannot use the full bandwidth available (e.g. an SFTP server
that has a speed limit for each connection).

The number of parallel file operations that FreeFileSync should use can be set
up for each device individually in the Comparison Settings dialog. It is
evaluated for all folder pairs of a configuration as follows:
During comparison FreeFileSync groups all folders by their root devices.
For example, consider a configuration with two folder pairs and parallel file operations set up:

Parallel operations Device root

C:\Source ↔ D:\Target 1 C:\
C:\Source2 ↔ E:\Target 2 D:\
3 E:\
FreeFileSync will put the folders C:\Source and C:\Source2 into the same group and allow only 1 file
operation at a time. Folder D:\Target will be traversed using 2 operations, and E:\Targetusing 3 operations
at a time. In total FreeFileSync will be scanning all four folders employing 6 file operations in parallel.

When synchronizing a folder pair FreeFileSync will use the maximum of the number of parallel operations that
the two folders support.

In the previous example the folder pair C:\Source ↔ D:\Target will be synchronized using 2 parallel
operations, and C:\Source2 ↔ E:\target will be using 3.

Note
FreeFileSync implements parallel file operations by opening multiple connections to a device. Some devices
like SFTP servers have limits on how many connections they allow and will fail if too many are attempted;
see (S)FTP Setup.

— Automated Synchronization —

The primary function of RealTimeSync is to execute a command line each time it detects changes in one of the
monitored directories, or when a directory becomes available (e. g. insert of a USB-stick). Usually this command
line will trigger a FreeFileSync batch job.

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RealTimeSync will register to receive change notifications directly from the operating system in order to avoid the
overhead of repeatedly polling for changes. Each time a file or folder is created/updated/deleted in the monitored
directories or their sub directories, RealTimeSync will run the command line.

Example: Real time synchronization using FreeFileSync

Start RealTimeSync.exe located in FreeFileSync's installation directory and enter the folders you want to monitor.
Instead of doing this manually you can import an ffs_batch file via Menu → File → Open or simply via drag and
drop. RealTimeSync will not only extract all directories relevant for synchronization, but will also set up the
command line to execute the ffs_batch file each time changes are detected. Now press Start to begin monitoring.

Note
The command should not block progress. If you call a FreeFileSync batch job, make sure it won't show any
popup dialogs. See notes in Command Line Usage.

RealTimeSync will skip showing the main dialog and begin monitoring immediately if you pass an ffs_real
configuration file ora FreeFileSync ffs_batch file as the first command line argument to RealTimeSync.exe.
This can be used to integrate RealTimeSync into the operating system's auto start:
C:\Program Files\FreeFileSync\RealTimeSync.exe" "D:\Backup Projects.ffs_real"
C:\Program Files\FreeFileSync\RealTimeSync.exe" "D:\Backup Projects.ffs_batch"

RealTimeSync does not require to start FreeFileSync. It can also be used in other scenarios, like sending an
email whenever a certain directory is modified.

Example: Automatic synchronization when a USB stick is inserted

Save an ffs_batch configuration in the USB stick's root directory, e.g. H:\and let FreeFileSync run it when the stick
is mounted. But, instead of hard coding the USB drive letter H:\ (which may change occasionally), refer to the USB
stick via its volume name instead.

Configure RealTimeSync as follows:

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"Backup" is the volume name of the USB stick in our example.

Whenever directory H:\Data becomes available, RealTimeSync executes the command line which starts the batch
job located on the stick. RealTimeSync will also trigger each time files are modified in H:\Data.

Note
The full path of the last changed file and the action that triggered the change notification (create, update or
delete) are written to the environment variables %change_path% and %change_action%.

Example: Log names of changed files and directories (Windows)

Show which file or directory has triggered a change. Enter command line:
cmd /c echo %change_action% "%change_path%" & pause

Write a list of all changes to a log file:

cmd /c echo %change_action% "%change_path%" >> %csidl_Desktop%\log.txt

Note
When RealTimeSync executes a Windows batch file (bat or cmd) a black console window is shown. You can
hide it using the Visual Basic script HideConsole.vbs located in FreeFileSync's installation directory:

wscript "C:\Program files\FreeFileSync\HideConsole.vbs" C:\MyBatchFile.cmd

Limitations:
If multiple changes happen at the same time, only the path of the first file is written to
variable %changed_file%.
While RealTimeSync is executing the command line, monitoring for changed files is deliberately inactive.

The command line usually starts a synchronization task using FreeFileSync which naturally leads to additional file
change notifications. Therefore, the RealTimeSync change detection has to be deactivated to not go into an endless
loop. On the other hand, it is not likely that changes (other than those from FreeFileSync) happen in first place since
RealTimeSync runs the command line only after the user-specified idle time has passed. This makes sure the
monitored folders are not in heavy use. In any case, files changed during the execution of FreeFileSync will be
synchronized the next time FreeFileSync runs.

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RealTimeSync: Run as Service (Windows)

RealTimeSync is designed to run as a background process which does not need further attention. Depending on
your requirements, there are a number of ways to start it automatically. Generally, the goal is to execute a command
line of the form:
<FreeFileSync installation folder>\RealTimeSync.exe <path to *.ffs_real or
*.ffs_batch file>
e.g.:
"C:\Program Files\FreeFileSync\RealTimeSync.exe" "D:\Backup Projects.ffs_real"

Example: Start RealTimeSync on login

Create a new shortcut, enter the command line from above as target and place it into the Windows autostart folder.
(Enter shell:startup in the Windows Explorer address bar to find the folder quickly.)

Example: Start RealTimeSync as a Service

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RealTimeSync should be monitoring while Windows is running, irrespective of currently logged-in users: Create a
new task in your operating systems's task scheduler and have it execute the command line above when the system
starts. See Schedule Batch Jobs for an example of how to add a task. Then change the user which runs the task
to SYSTEM - a special user account always running in the background.

Schedule Batch Jobs

1. Create a new batch job via FreeFileSync's main dialog: Menu → File → Save as a batch job...

2. By default, FreeFileSync will show a progress dialog during synchronization and will wait while the summary
dialog is shown. If the progress dialog is not needed, enable checkbox Run minimized and also set Auto-
Close if you want to skip the summary dialog at the end.
Note
Even if the progress dialog is not shown at the beginning, you can make it visible at any
time during synchronization by double-clicking the FreeFileSync icon in the notification area.

3. If you don't want error or warning messages to stall synchronization when no user is available to respond, either
check Ignore errors or set Cancel to stop the synchronization at the first error.

4. Set up the FreeFileSync batch job in your operating system's scheduler:

A. Windows Task Scheduler:

Open the Task Scheduler either via the start menu, or enter taskschd.msc in the run dialog (keyboard shortcut:
Windows + R).
Create a new basic task and follow the wizard.
Make Program/script point to the location of FreeFileSync.exe and insert the ffs_batch file into Add arguments.

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Use quotation marks to protect spaces in path names, e.g. "D:\Backup Projects.ffs_batch"

Note
Program/script always needs to point to an executable file like FreeFileSync.exe even when the ffs_batch
file association is registered. If an ffs_batch file was entered instead, the task would return with error code
2147942593 (0x800700C1), "%1 is not a valid Win32 application".
If you schedule FreeFileSync to run under a different user account, note that settings
(e.g. GlobalSettings.xml) will also be read from a different path, C:\Users\
<username>\AppData\Roaming\FreeFileSync, or in the case of the SYSTEM account
fromC:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Roaming\FreeFileSync.

B. macOS Automator and Calendar:

Open Launchpad and run Automator.

Create a new Calendar Alarm.

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Drag and drop the ffs_batch file on the workflow panel.

Drag and drop action Files & Folders/Open Finder Items and add it to the workflow.

Go to File → Save... and save the Automator job.

The Calendar app will start automatically with the Automator job scheduled to the current day. You can now
select a different time for synchronization or make it a recurring task.

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D. Ubuntu Linux Gnome Scheduled Tasks:

Install Gnome-schedule if necessary: sudo apt-get install gnome-schedule
Search the Ubuntu Unity Dash for Scheduled tasks
Enter the command: <FreeFileSync installation folder>/FreeFileSync <job name>.ffs_batch
Select X application since FreeFileSync requires access to GUI

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Synchronization Settings

Detect Moved Files

FreeFileSync is able to detect moved files on one side and can quickly apply the same move on the target side
during synchronization instead of a slow copy and delete. To make this work, FreeFileSync requires database files
(sync.ffs_db) to compare the current file system state against the time of the last synchronization.

The Two way variant already creates database files, therefore, detection of moved files is always active.
The Mirror variant however, does not need the database files to find synchronization directions, so detection of
moved files is not available by default. If you don't mind the creation of the database files, you can enable this
feature by selecting the Detect moved files checkbox.

Note
Detection of moved files is not yet possible when synchronizing a folder pair for the first time. Only beginning
with the second syncthe database files are available to determine moved files.
Detection is not supported by all file systems. Most notably, certain file moves on the FAT file system cannot
be detected. Also virtualized file systems, e.g. a mounted WebDAV drive, might not support move detection.
In these cases FreeFileSync will automatically fall back to copy and delete.

SFTP and FTP Setup (Windows, macOS)

FreeFileSync supports synchronization with SFTP and FTP natively. Just enter your login information into the dialog
shown for cloud folder selection:

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Note
In case the (S)FTP server sets file modification times to the current time you can do a Compare by File
Size as a workaround. Another solution is to set up the Two way variant and have the files with the newer dates
be copied back from the server during the next synchronization.

Configure SFTP for best performance

By default, FreeFileSync creates one connection to the server and uses one SFTP channel, i.e. only a single SFTP
command can be sent and received at a time. Since most of this time is spent waiting due to the high latency of the
remote connection, you can speed up reading large folder hierarchies by increasing both the connection and
channel count.

The folder reading time is reduced by a factor of N x M when using N connections with M channels each.

Example: 10 connections using 2 channels each can yield a 20 times faster folder reading.

The creation of additional connections and channels takes time. If you are only scanning a small remote folder,
setting up too many connections and channels might actually slow the overall process down. Creating extra
connections is slower than creating extra channels.

SFTP servers have internal limits on the number of allowed connections and channels. Generally, servers expect
one connection per user, so this number should be kept rather low. If too many connections and channels are
used, the server may decide to stop responding.

Unlike connections, additional SFTP channels are (currently) only used during folder reading (comparison), but
not during synchronization.

Advice
Start with low numbers and make tests with different combinations of connections and channels for your
particular SFTP synchronization scenario to see what gives the highest speed. Note, however, that
FreeFileSync reuses existing SFTP connections/channels. Therefore, you should restart FreeFileSync before
measuring SFTP speed.

SFTP Setup (Linux)

An SFTP share can be mapped to a local folder for use with FreeFileSync:
Install:
sudo apt-get install sshfs

Mount SFTP share:

sshfs ssh-account@ssh-server:<path> mountpoint

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Unmount:
fusermount -u mountpoint

Tips and Tricks

Change settings with a single mouse click: Press and hold the right mouse button until the context menu is
shown, then release while over the selection:

Select multiple configurations at a time:

Select a few items via mouse, and refine the selection by holding the Control key
while clicking.

Start comparison directly by double-clicking on a configuration:

Synchronize multiple folder pairs at a time with different configurations:

Start synchronization directly without clicking on compare first:

Move a window by clicking on a free area and holding the mouse button:

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Open a batch configuration for edit via the Windows Explorer context menu:

Drag and drop two folders at a time from Windows Explorer to fill a folder pair in one go:

Copy files selected on the main dialog to an alternate folder and thereby save a "diff":

Use a volume name instead of a drive letter:

Show thumbnail icons via the column header context menu:

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Save the current view filter selection as default:

Remove local settings from individual folder pairs:

Remove obsolete paths from the folder drop-down list by pressing the Delete key:

Select a time span for files to include via the date column context menu:

Double-click on comparison and synchronization variants to confirm the dialog:

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Variable Drive Letters

USB memory sticks or external hard disks often get different drive letters assigned when plugged into distinct
computers. FreeFileSync offers two solutions to handle this problem:

Option 1: Specify a folder path by using the volume name:

Enter the path as [USB-NAME]\folder instead of E:\folderwhere USB-NAME is the volume name of the
USB stick which is currently mounted in drive E:\.

Note
It is not required to look up and enter the volume name manually. Just
select the corresponding entry in the drop down menu.

Option 2: Use a relative directory name:

Use \folder instead of E:\folder
Save and copy synchronization settings to the USB stick: E:\Backup.ffs_gui
Start FreeFileSync by double-clicking on E:\Backup.ffs_gui

The working directory is then automatically set to E:\ by the operating system so that the relative
path \folder will be resolved as E:\folder during synchronization.

File Versioning
When you need to preserve files that have been deleted or overwritten, it's often sufficient to select Recycle bin in
synchronization settings. However, this is only available for local drives and offers little control on how to store and
how long to keep the files. FreeFileSync therefore has an additional option, Versioning.

1. Keep only the most recent versions

In synchronization settings, set deletion handling to Versioning and naming convention to Replace. Deleted files
will be moved to the specified folder without any decoration and will replace already existing older versions.

2. Keep multiple versions of old files

A. Set deletion handling to Versioning and naming convention to Time stamp [File]. FreeFileSync will move
deleted files into the provided folder and add a time stamp to each file name. The structure of the synchronized
folders is preserved so that old versions of a file can be conveniently accessed via a file browser.
Example: Last versions of the file Folder\File.txt inside folder D:\Revisions
D:\Revisions\Folder\File.txt 2012-12-12 111111.txt
D:\Revisions\Folder\File.txt 2012-12-12 122222.txt
D:\Revisions\Folder\File.txt 2012-12-12 133333.txt

B. With naming convention Time stamp [Folder] files are moved into a time-stamped subfolder of the versioning
folder while their names remain unchanged. This makes it easy to manually undo a synchronization by moving
the deleted files from the versioning folder back to their original folders.
Example: Last versions of the file Folder\File.txt inside folder D:\Revisions

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D:\Revisions\2012-12-12 111111\Folder\File.txt
D:\Revisions\2012-12-12 122222\Folder\File.txt
D:\Revisions\2012-12-12 133333\Folder\File.txt

3. Save versions at certain intervals

With naming convention Replace it is possible to refine the granularity of versions to keep by adding Macros to the
versioning folder path. For example, you can save deleted files on a daily basis by adding the %date% macro:

Example: Last versions of the file Folder\File.txt inside folder D:\Revisions\%date%

D:\Revisions\2012-12-11\Folder\File.txt
D:\Revisions\2012-12-12\Folder\File.txt
D:\Revisions\2012-12-13\Folder\File.txt

Volume Shadow Copy (Windows only)

FreeFileSync supports copying locked or shared files by creating a Volume Shadow Copy of the source drive. This
feature can be configured via Menu → Tools → Options: Copy locked files.

Note
The volume snapshot created by the Volume Shadow Copy Service is only used for copying files that are
actually locked.
Accessing the Volume Shadow Copy Service requires FreeFileSync to be started with administrator rights.

Troubleshooting
If you experience problems using the Volume Shadow Copy Service, a renewal of registration might help. Create
and execute a cmd batch file and insert the following lines or enter directly via command line:
cd /d %windir%\system32
Net stop vss
Net stop swprv
regsvr32 ole32.dll
regsvr32 oleaut32.dll
regsvr32 vss_ps.dll
Vssvc /register
regsvr32 /i swprv.dll
regsvr32 /i eventcls.dll
regsvr32 es.dll
regsvr32 stdprov.dll
regsvr32 vssui.dll
regsvr32 msxml.dll
regsvr32 msxml3.dll
regsvr32 msxml4.dll

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