Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 7 views

    Chapter One: 1.1 Background

    Uploaded by

    tewele
    Tubular reactors resemble batch reactors in that they contain flowing reactants, but in tubular reactors the flow is continuous and steady. In an ideal tubular reactor, reactants flow uniformly like solid plugs through the tube, with reaction time being constant across any tube cross-section. Initially high reaction rates diminish as the reactions progress through the tube. Turbulent flow is generally preferred over laminar flow as it improves mixing and heat transfer, but may require long reactors or high feed rates for slow reactions. Tubular reactors are commonly used industrially as they have no moving parts and high conversion per volume, and can be used for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter One: 1.1 Background

    Uploaded by

    tewele
    7 views2 pages
    Tubular reactors resemble batch reactors in that they contain flowing reactants, but in tubular reactors the flow is continuous and steady. In an ideal tubular reactor, reactants flow uniformly like solid plugs through the tube, with reaction time being constant across any tube cross-section. Initially high reaction rates diminish as the reactions progress through the tube. Turbulent flow is generally preferred over laminar flow as it improves mixing and heat transfer, but may require long reactors or high feed rates for slow reactions. Tubular reactors are commonly used industrially as they have no moving parts and high conversion per volume, and can be used for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

    Original Description:

    lab

    Original Title

    Chapter One

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Tubular reactors resemble batch reactors in that they contain flowing reactants, but in tubular reactors the flow is continuous and steady. In an ideal tubular reactor, reactants flow uniformly like solid plugs through the tube, with reaction time being constant across any tube cross-section. Initially high reaction rates diminish as the reactions progress through the tube. Turbulent flow is generally preferred over laminar flow as it improves mixing and heat transfer, but may require long reactors or high feed rates for slow reactions. Tubular reactors are commonly used industrially as they have no moving parts and high conversion per volume, and can be used for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    7 views2 pages

    Chapter One: 1.1 Background

    Uploaded by

    tewele
    Tubular reactors resemble batch reactors in that they contain flowing reactants, but in tubular reactors the flow is continuous and steady. In an ideal tubular reactor, reactants flow uniformly like solid plugs through the tube, with reaction time being constant across any tube cross-section. Initially high reaction rates diminish as the reactions progress through the tube. Turbulent flow is generally preferred over laminar flow as it improves mixing and heat transfer, but may require long reactors or high feed rates for slow reactions. Tubular reactors are commonly used industrially as they have no moving parts and high conversion per volume, and can be used for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    CHAPTER ONE

    INTRODUCTION

    1.1 Background

    Tubular reactors resemble batch reactors in provision, a tubular reactor is a vessel


    through which flow is continuous, usually at steady state, and configured so that
    conversion of the chemicals and other dependent variables are functions of position
    within the reactor rather than of time. In the ideal tubular reactor, the fluids flow as if
    they were solid plugs or pistons, and reaction time is the same for all flowing material at
    any given tube cross section. Initially high driving forces, which diminish as the reactions
    progress down the tubes. Flow in tubular reactors can be laminar, as with viscous fluids
    in small-diameter tubes, and greatly deviate from ideal plug-flow behavior, or turbulent,
    as with gases. Turbulent flow generally is preferred to laminar flow, because mixing and
    heat transfer are improved. For slow reactions and especially in small laboratory and
    pilot-plant reactors, establishing turbulent flow can result in inconveniently long reactors
    or may require unacceptably high feed rates. . The majority of the selected chemicals are
    exothermic but other endothermic reactions in tubular reactors are present in the
    chemical industry, e.g. cracking in fired tubular reactors to produce ethylene and
    propylene. Tubular reactors are used in the industry since they are relatively easy to
    maintain due to no moving parts and usually have the highest conversion per reactor
    volume of other types of reactor. Tubular reactors can be used either for homogenous
    or heterogeneous reaction chemistry. Homogenous reactors have only one phase in the
    reaction environment and heterogeneous have more than one. The temperature
    changes quickly in the beginning of the reactor due to high reaction rate. The reaction
    rate is generally affected by concentration of reactants and temperature which means
    that the reaction rate is high in the beginning and then lowers trough the reactor and
    the change in temperature follows accordingly. To keep the reaction rate high and
    therefore increase the reaction conversion of with a given reactor cooling of exothermic
    reactors and heating of endothermic reactors is employed.
    As a consequence the heat transfer between the reactive stream and utility is strictly
    connected with the reaction kinetics which therefore cannot be ignored when designing
    the utility system.

    You might also like