First Plan

First plan (1951-1956)
The first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first five-year plan to the
Parliament of India on December 8, 1951.
The first plan sought to get the country's economy out of the cycle of poverty.
The plan addressed, mainly, the agrarian sector, including investments in dams and irrigation.
Agricultural sector was hit hardest by partition and needed urgent attention.
The total plan budget of 206.8 billion INR (23.6 billion USD in the 1950 exchange rate) was
allocated to seven broad areas: irrigation and energy (27.2 percent), agriculture and community
development (17.4 percent), transport and communications (24 percent), industry (8.4 percent),
social services (16.64 percent), land rehabilitation (4.1 percent), and other (2.5 percent).
The target growth rate was 2.1 percent annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth; the
achieved growth rate was 3.6 percent.
During the first five-year plan the net domestic product went up by 15 percent.
The monsoon was good and there were relatively high crop yields, boosting exchange reserves
and the per capita income, which increased by 8 percent.
National income increased more than the per capita income due to rapid population growth.
Many irrigation projects were initiated during this period, including the Bhakra Dam and
Hirakud Dam.
The World Health Organization, with the Indian government, addressed children's health and
reduced infant mortality, indirectly contributing to population growth.
At the end of the plan period in 1956, five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) were started as
major technical institutions. University Grant Commission was set up to take care of funding and
take measures to strengthen the higher education in the country.
Contracts were signed to start five steel plants; however these plants did not come into existence
until the middle of the next five-year plan
Second plan (1956-1961)

The second five-year plan focused on industry, especially heavy industry. Domestic production
of industrial products was encouraged, particularly in the development of the public sector.
The plan followed the Mahalanobis model, an economic development model developed by the
Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 1953.
The plan attempted to determine the optimal allocation of investment between productive
sectors in order to maximise long-run economic growth .
It used the prevalent state of art techniques of operations research and optimization as well as
the novel applications of statistical models developed at the Indian Statiatical Institute.
The plan assumed a closed economy in which the main trading activity would be centered on
importing capital goods.
Hydroelectric power projects and five steel mills at Bhilai, Durgapur, and Rourkela were
established. Coal production was increased.
More railway lines were added in the north east.
The Atomic Energy Commission was formed in 1957 with Homi J. Bhabha as the first chairman.
The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was established as a research institute.
In 1957 a talent search and scholarship program was begun to find talented young students to
train for work in nuclear power.
Third plan (1961-1966)

The third plan stressed on agriculture and improving production of rice, but the brief Sino-Indian
War in 1962 exposed weaknesses in the economy and shifted the focus towards defense.
In 1965-1966, The war led to inflation and the priority was shifted to price stabilization.
The construction of dams continued. Many cement and fertilizer plants were also built.
Punjab begun producing an abundance of wheat.
Many primary schools were started in rural areas. In an effort to bring democracy to the
grassroot level, Panchayat elections were started and the states were given more development
responsibilities.
State electricity boards and state secondary education boards were formed.
States were made responsible for secondary and higher education.
State road transportation corporations were formed and local road building became a state
responsibility.
Fourth plan (1969-1974)
At this time Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister. The Indira Gandhi government nationalized
14 major Indian banks and the Green Revolution in India advanced agriculture.
In addition, the situation in East Pakistan (now independent Bangladesh) was becoming dire as
the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War took place.
Funds earmarked for the industrial development had to be used for the war effort.
India also performed the Smiling Buddha underground nuclear test in 1974, partially in response
to the United States deployment of the Seventh Fleet in the Bay of Bengal to warn India against
attacking West Pakistan and widening the war.
Fifth plan (1974-1979)

Stress was laid on employment, poverty alleviation, and justice. The plan also focused on self-
reliance in agricultural production and defense.
In 1978 the newly elected Morarji Desai government rejected the plan.
Electricity Supply Act was enacted in 1975, which enabled the Central Government to enter into
power generation and transmission.
Sixth plan (1980-1985)

When Rajiv Gandhi was elected as the prime minister, the young prime minister aimed for rapid
industrial development, especially in the area of information technology.
Progress was slow, however, partly because of caution on the part of labor and communist
leaders.
The Indian national highway system was introduced for the first time and many roads were
widened to accommodate the increasing traffic. Tourism also expanded.
The sixth plan also marked the beginning of economic liberalization. Price controls were
eliminated and ration shops were closed.
This led to an increase in food prices and an increased cost of living.
Family planning also was expanded in order to prevent overpopulation. In contrast to China's
harshly-enforced one-child policy, Indian policy did not rely on the threat of force.
More prosperous areas of India adopted family planning more rapidly than less prosperous
areas, which continued to have a high birth rate.
Seventh plan (1985-1989)
The Seventh Plan marked the comeback of the Congress Party to power.
The plan lay stress on improving the productivity level of industries by upgradation of
technology.
The main objectives of the 7th five year plans were to establish growth in the areas of increasing
economic productivity, production of food grains, and generating employment opportunities.
As an outcome of the sixth five year plan, there had been steady growth in agriculture, control on
rate of Inflation, and favorable balance of payments which had provided a strong base for the
seventh five Year plan to build on the need for further economic growth.
The 7th Plan had strived towards socialism and energy production at large. The thrust areas of
the 7th Five year plan have been enlisted below:
• Social Justice
• Removal of oppression of the weak
• Using modern technology
• Agricultural development
• Anti-poverty programs
• Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter
• Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers
• Making India an Independent Economy
Based on a 15-year period of striving towards steady growth, the 7th Plan was focused on
achieving the pre-requisites of self-sustaining growth by the year 2000.
The Plan expected a growth in labor force of 39 million people and employment was expected
to grow at the rate of 4 percent per year.
Some of the expected outcomes of the Seventh Five Year Plan India are given below:
• Balance of Payments (estimates): Export - Rs. 33 thousand crore, Imports - (-)Rs.54
thousand crore, Trade Balance - (-)Rs.21 thousand crore
• Merchandise exports (estimates): Rs. 60,653 crore
• Merchandise imports (estimates): Rs. 95,437 crore
• Projections for Balance of Payments: Export - Rs.60.7 thousand crore, Imports - (-) 95.4
thousand crore, Trade Balance- (-) Rs.34.7 thousand crore
Seventh Five Year Plan India strove to bring about a self-sustained economy in the country with
valuable contributions from voluntary agencies and the general populace.
Period between 1989-91
1989-91 was a period of political instability in India and hence no five year plan was
implemented. Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans.
In 1991, India faced a crisis in Foreign Exchange (Forex) reserves, left with reserves of only
about $1 billion (US).
Thus, under pressure, the country took the risk of reforming the socialist economy. P.V.
Narasimha Rao) (28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004), also called Father of Indian Economic
Reforms, was the twelfth Prime Minister of the Republic of India and head of Congress Party,
and led one of the most important administrations in India's modern history overseeing a major
economic transformation and several incidents affecting national security.
At that time Dr. Manmohan Singh (currently, Prime Minister of India) launched India's free
market reforms that brought the nearly bankrupt nation back from the edge.
It was the beginning of privatization and liberalization in India.
Eighth plan (1992-1997)
Modernization of industries was a major highlight of the Eighth Plan.
Under this plan, the gradual opening of the Indian economy was undertaken to correct the
burgeoning deficit and foreign debt.
Meanwhile India became a member of the World Trade Organization on 1 January 1995.
This plan can be termed as Rao and Manmohan model of Economic development.
The major objectives included, containing population growth, poverty reduction, employment
generation, strengthening the infrastructure, Institutional building, Human Resource
development, Involvement of Panchayat raj, Nagarapalikas, N.G.OSand Decentralisation and
peoples participation.
Energy was given prority with 26.6% of the outlay. An average annual growth rate of 6.7%
against the target 5.6% was achieved.
Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002)

Ninth Five Year Plan India runs through the period from 1997 to 2002 with the main aim of
attaining objectives like
Speedy industrialization,
Human development,
Full-scale employment
Poverty reduction,
Self-reliance on domestic resources.
Background of Ninth Five Year Plan India: Ninth Five Year Plan was formulated amidst the
backdrop of India's Golden jubilee of Independence.
The main objectives of the Ninth Five Year Plan India are:
• to prioritize agricultural sector and emphasize on the rural development
• to generate adequate employment opportunities and promote poverty reduction
• to stabilize the prices in order to accelerate the growth rate of the economy
• to ensure food and nutritional security

• to provide for the basic infrastructural facilities like education for all, safe drinking water,
primary health care, transport, energy
• to check the growing population increase
• to encourage social issues like women empowerment, conservation of certain benefits for
the Special Groups of the society
• to create a liberal market for increase in private investments
During the Ninth Plan period, the growth rate was 5.35 per cent, a percentage point lower than
the target GDP growth of 6.5 per cent.
Tenth plan (2002-2007)

The main objectives of the 10th Five-Year Plan were:
• Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by 2007;
• Providing gainful and high-quality employment at least to the addition to the labour
force;
• All children in India in school by 2003; all children to complete 5 years of schooling by
2007;
• Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by at least 50% by 2007;
• Reduction in the decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%;
• Increase in Literacy Rates to 75 per cent within the Tenth Plan period (2002 to 2007);
• Reduction of Infant mortality rate (IMR) to 45 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 28 by
2012;
• Reduction of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) to 2 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 1
by 2012;
• Increase in forest and tree cover to 25 per cent by 2007 and 33 per cent by 2012;
• All villages to have sustained access to potable drinking water within the Plan period;
• Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and other notified stretches by 2012;
• Economic Growth further accelerated during this period and crosses over 8% by 2006.
Eleventh plan (2007-2012)

The eleventh plan has the following objectives:
1. Income & Poverty
○ Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10% and then maintain at 10% in the 12th
Plan in order to double per capita income by 2016-17
○ Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year to ensure a broader spread
of benefits
○ Create 70 million new work opportunities.
○ Reduce educated unemployment to below 5%.
○ Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20 percent.
○ Reduce the headcount ratio of consumption poverty by 10 percentage points.
2. Education
○ Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-04
to 20% by 2011-12
○ Develop minimum standards of educational attainment in elementary school, and
by regular testing monitor effectiveness of education to ensure quality
○ Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or above to 85%
○ Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points
○ Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education from the present
10% to 15% by the end of the plan
3. Health
○ Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 and maternal mortality ratio to 1 per 1000 live
births
○ Reduce Total Fertility Rate to 2.1
○ Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 and ensure that there are no slip-
backs
○ Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to half its present level
4. Reduce anaemia among women and girls by 50% by the end of the plan
5. Women and Children
○ Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by 2016-
17
○ Ensure that at least 33 percent of the direct and indirect beneficiaries of all
government schemes are women and girl children
○ Ensure that all children enjoy a safe childhood, without any compulsion to work
6. Infrastructure
○ Ensure electricity connection to all villages and BPL households by 2009 and
round-the-clock power.
○ Ensure all-weather road connection to all habitation with population 1000 and
above (500 in hilly and tribal areas) by 2009, and ensure coverage of all
significant habitation by 2015
○ Connect every village by telephone by November 2007 and provide broadband
connectivity to all villages by 2012
○ Provide homestead sites to all by 2012 and step up the pace of house construction
for rural poor to cover all the poor by 2016-17
7. Environment
○ Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage points.

○ Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major cities by 2011-12.
○ Treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean river waters.
○ Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points by 2016-17.
The economy of the United States is the world's largest national economy. Its nominal GDP
was estimated to be $14.3 trillion in 2009, approximately a quarter of nominal global GDP.[1][12]
Its GDP at purchasing power parity was also the largest in the world, approximately a fifth of
global GDP at purchasing power parity.[1] The U.S. economy also maintains a very high level of
output per capita. In 2009, it was estimated to have a per capita GDP (PPP) of $46,381, the 6th
highest in the world.
Historically, the U.S. economy has maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a low
unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment funded by both national
and, because of decreasing saving rates, increasingly by foreign investors. It has been the world's
largest national economy since 1870 and remains the world's largest manufacturer, representing
19% of the world's manufacturing output. In 2009, consumer spending, coupled with government
health care spending constituted 70% of the American economy.[13] About 30% of the entire
world's millionaire population reside in the United States (in 2009).[14] Furthermore, 40% of the
world's billionaires are American.[15] The US is also home to the world's largest stock exchange,
the New York Stock Exchange. It also boasts the world's largest gold reserves and the world's
largest gold depository, the New York Federal Reserve Bank. The United States is also home to
139 of the world's 500 largest companies, which is almost twice that of any other country.[16] A
large contributor to the country's success has also been a very strong and stable currency. The US
dollar holds about 60% of world reserves, as compared to its top competitor, the euro, which
controls about 24%.
Since the 1960s, the United States economy absorbed savings from the rest of the world. The
phenomenon is subject to discussion among economists. The US is by far the most heavily
invested-into country in the world, with foreign investments made in the US measuring almost
$2.4 trillion, which is more than twice that of any other country.[17] The US is also by far the
largest investor in the world, with US investments in foreign countries totaling over $3.3 trillion,
which is almost twice that of any other country.[18] Like other developed countries, the United
States faces retiring baby boomers who have already begun withdrawing from their Social
Security accounts; however, the American population is young and growing when compared to
Europe or Japan. The United States public debt is in excess of $13 trillion and continues to grow
at a rate of about $3.83 billion each day.[19] Total public and private debt was $50.2 trillion at the
end of the first quarter of 2010, or 3.5 times GDP.[20] Domestic financial assets totaled $131
trillion and domestic financial liabilities totaled $106 trillion.[21]
The American labor market has attracted immigrants from all over the world and has one of the
world's highest migration rates. The United States is ranked fourth, down from first in 2008-2009
due to the economic crisis, in the Global Competitiveness Report.[22] The country is one of the
world's largest and most influential financial markets, home to major stock and commodities
exchanges like NASDAQ, NYSE, AMEX, CME, and PHXL.
[edit] History
Main article: Economic history of the United States
The economic history of the United States has its roots in European settlements in the 16th, 17th,
and 18th centuries. The American colonies went from marginally successful colonial economies
to a small, independent farming economy, which in 1776 became the United States of America.
In 180 years the United States grew to a huge, integrated, industrialized economy that still makes
up over a quarter of the world economy. The main causes were a large unified market, a
supportive political-legal system, vast areas of highly productive farmlands, vast natural
resources (especially timber, coal and oil), a cultural landscape that valued entrepreneurialism, a
commitment to investing in material and human capital, and at times a willingness to exploit
labor. In addition, the U.S. was able to utilize these resources due to a unique set of institutions
designed to encourage utilization and extraction.[citation needed] As a result, the U.S.'s GDP per capita
converged on and eventually surpassed that of the U.K., as well as other nations that it
previously trailed economically. The economy has maintained high wages, attracting immigrants
by the millions from all over the world.[23]
In the 19th century, recessions frequently coincided with financial crises. Because of the great
changes in the economy over the centuries, it is difficult to compare the severity of modern
recessions to early recessions.[24] Recessions after World War II appear to have been less severe
than earlier recessions, but the reasons for this are unclear.[25] The Depression of 1893 was one of
the worst in American history with the unemployment rate exceeding 10% for half a decade.[26]
[edit] After the Great Depression
For many years following the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the danger of recession
appeared most serious, the government sought to strengthen the economy by spending heavily
itself or cutting taxes so that consumers would spend more, and by fostering rapid growth in the
money supply, which also encouraged more spending. In the 1960s, economic woes brought on
by the costs of the Vietnam conflict, major price increases, particularly for energy, created a
strong fear of inflation. As a result, government leaders came to concentrate more on controlling
inflation than on combating recession by limiting spending and tightening credit.[citation needed]
Ideas about the best tools for stabilizing the economy changed substantially between the 1930s
and the 1980s. From the New Deal era that began in 1933, to the Great Society initiatives of the
1960s, national policy makers relied principally on fiscal policy to influence the economy. The
approach, advanced by British economist John Maynard Keynes, gave elected officials a leading
role in directing the economy, since spending and taxes are controlled by the U.S. President and
the Congress. The economy and living standards grew strongly during this era, but a period of
high inflation, interest rates and unemployment after 1973 weakened confidence in fiscal policy
as a tool for regulating the overall pace of economic activity, and instead, a combination of loose
monetary policy and record budget deficits, both financed partly with foreign direct investment,
became prominent as tools for reigniting economic growth after 1981.[citation needed]
The U.S. economy grew by an average of 3.8% from 1946 to 1973, while real median household
income surged 55% (or 1.6% a year).[4][27] The economy since 1973, however, has been
characterized by both slower growth (averaging 2.7%), and nearly stagnant living standards, with
household incomes increasing by 10%, or only 0.3% annually.[4] The worst recession in recent
decades, in terms of lost output, occurred during the 2008 financial crisis, when GDP fell by
3.9% from the spring of 2008 to the spring of 2009. Other significant recessions took place in
1957–58, when GDP fell 3.7%, following the 1973 oil crisis, with a 3.1% fall from late 1973 to
early 1975, and in the 1981–82 recession, when GDP dropped by 2.9%.[2][28] Recent, mild
recessions have included the 1990–91 downturn, when output fell by 1.3%, and the 2001
recession, in which GDP slid by 0.3%; the 2001 downturn lasted just eight months.[28] The most
vigorous, sustained periods of growth, on the other hand, took place from early 1961 to mid
1969, with an expansion of 53% (5.1% a year), from early 1991 to late in 2000, at 43% (3.8% a
year), and from late 1982 to mid 1990, at 37% (4% a year).[2]
Since 1976, the US has sustained trade deficits with other nations, and since 1982, current
account deficits; the nation's long-standing surplus in its trade in services was maintained,
however, and reached US$140 billion yearly in 2008 and 2009. In recent years, the primary
economic concerns have centered on: high household debt ($11 trillion, including $2.5 trillion in
revolving debt),[29] high net national debt ($9 trillion), high corporate debt ($9 trillion), high
mortgage debt (over $15 trillion as of 2005 year-end), high unfunded Medicare liability ($30
trillion), high unfunded Social Security liability ($12 trillion), high external debt (amount owed
to foreign lenders), high trade deficits, a serious deterioration in the United States net
international investment position (NIIP) (-24% of GDP),[30] and high unemployment.[31] In 2006,
the U.S economy had its lowest saving rate since 1933.[32] These issues have raised concerns
among economists and national politicians.[33]
The United States economy experienced a crisis in 2008 led by a derivatives market and
subprime mortgage crisis, and a declining dollar value.[34] On December 1, 2008, the NBER
declared that the United States entered a recession in December 2007, citing employment and
production figures as well as the third quarter decline in GDP.[35] The recession did, however,
lead to a reduction in record trade deficits, which fell from $840 billion annually during the
2006-08 period, to $500 billion in 2009,[2][7] as well as to higher personal savings rates, which
jumped from a historic low of 1% in early 2008, to nearly 5% in late 2009.[36]
In 1980, the U.S. public debt was $909 billion - or an amount equal to 33.3% of America's gross
domestic product (GDP). By 1990, that number had more than tripled to $3.2 trillion - or 55.9%
of GDP.[37] In 2001 the national debt was $5.7 trillion; however, the debt-to-GDP ratio remained
at 1990 levels.[38] Debt levels rose quickly in the following decade, and on January 28, 2010, the
US debt ceiling was raised to $14.3 trillion dollars.[39] Based on the 2010 U.S. budget, total
national debt will grow to nearly 100% of GDP, versus a level of approximately 80% in early
2009.[40] The White House estimates that the government’s tab for servicing the debt will exceed
$700 billion a year in 2019,[41] up from $202 billion in 2009.[42]
The U.S. Treasury statistics indicate that, at the end of 2006, non-US citizens and institutions
held 44% of federal debt held by the public.[43] China, holding $801.5 billion in treasury bonds, is
the largest foreign financier of the record U.S. public debt.[44]
[edit] Overview
United States wealth compared to the rest of the world in the year 2000
Year-on-year change in total net worth of US households and nonprofit

organizations 1946-2007, unadjusted for inflation or population change.
Map of countries by foreign currency reserves and gold minus external debt based
on 2009 data from CIA Factbook
A central feature of the U.S. economy is the economic freedom afforded to the private sector by
allowing the private sector to make the majority of economic decisions in determining the
direction and scale of what the U.S. economy produces.[45] This is enhanced by relatively low
levels of regulation and government involvement,[46] as well as a court system that generally
protects property rights and enforces contracts. Today, the United States is home to 29.6 million
small businesses, half the world's millionaires, 40% of the world's billionaires, as well as 139 of
the world's 500 largest companies.[47][48][49][50] From its emergence as an independent nation, the
United States has encouraged science and innovation. As a result, the United States has been the
birthplace of 161 of Britannica's 321 Great Inventions, including items such as the airplane,
internet, microchip, laser, cellphone, refrigerator, email, microwave, LCD and LED technology,
air conditioning, assembly line, supermarket, bar code, electric motor, and ATM.[51]
The United States is rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, and it is fortunate to have a
moderate climate. It also has extensive coastlines on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as
well as on the Gulf of Mexico. Rivers flow from far within the continent, and the Great Lakes—
five large, inland lakes along the U.S. border with Canada—provide additional shipping access.
These extensive waterways have helped shape the country's economic growth over the years and
helped bind America's 50 individual states together in a single economic unit.[52]
The number of workers and, more importantly, their productivity help determine the health of the
U.S. economy. Throughout its history, the United States has experienced steady growth in the
labor force, a phenomenon that is both cause and effect of almost constant economic expansion.
Until shortly after World War I, most workers were immigrants from Europe, their immediate
descendants, or African Americans who were mostly slaves taken from Africa, or slave
descendants.[53] Beginning in the early 20th century, many Latin Americans immigrated;
followed by large numbers of Asians following removal of nation-origin based immigration
quotas.[54] The promise of high wages brings many highly skilled workers from around the world
to the United States. Over 13 million people entered the United Stated during the 1990s alone.[55]
Labor mobility has also been important to the capacity of the American economy to adapt to
changing conditions.[citation needed] When immigrants flooded labor markets on the East Coast, many
workers moved inland, often to farmland waiting to be tilled. Similarly, economic opportunities
in industrial, northern cities attracted black Americans from southern farms in the first half of the
20th century, in what was known as the Great Migration.
In the United States, the corporation has emerged as an association of owners, known as
stockholders, who form a business enterprise governed by a complex set of rules and customs.
Brought on by the process of mass production, corporations, such as General Electric, have been
instrumental in shaping the United States. Through the stock market, American banks and
investors have grown their economy by investing and withdrawing capital from profitable
corporations. Today in the era of globalization, American investors and corporations have
influence all over the world. The American government is also included among the major
investors in the American economy. Government investments have been directed towards public
works of scale (such as from the Hoover Dam), military-industrial contracts, and the financial
industry.
While consumers and producers make most decisions that mold the economy, government has a
powerful effect on the U.S. economy in at least four areas, as the government uses a capitalist
system. Strong government regulation in the U.S. economy started in the early 1900s with the
rise of the Progressive Movement; prior to this the government promoted economic growth
through protective tariffs and subsidies to industry, built infrastructure, and established banking
policies, including the gold standard, to encourage savings and investment in productive
enterprises. On June 26, 2009, Jeff Immelt, the CEO of General Electric, called for the United
States to increase its manufacturing base employment to 20% of the workforce, commenting that
the U.S. has outsourced too much in some areas and can no longer rely on the financial sector
and consumer spending to drive demand.[56]
[edit] Education
Main article: Education in the United States
There are 4,352 colleges, universities, and junior colleges in the United States.[57] In 2007,
Americans stood second only to Canada in the percentage of 35 to 64 year olds holding at least
two-year degrees. Among 25 to 34 year olds, the country stands tenth. The nation stands 15 out
of 29 rated nations for college completion rates, slightly above Mexico and Turkey.[58] According
to government data, one-tenth of students are enrolled in private schools. Approximately 85% of
students enter the public schools.[59]
[edit] Immigration
Main article: Immigration to the United States
As of 2009, the United States received 4.31 immigrants per 1000 people, ranking 25th globally.
[60]
In fiscal year 2009, 1.1 million immigrants were granted legal residence.[61]
[edit] Employment
Further information: List of U.S. states by unemployment rate
Unemployment rate as a percentage of the labor force in the United States
according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
There are approximately 154.4 million employed individuals in the US.[62] Small businesses are
the largest employer in the country representing 53% of US workers.[63] The second largest share
of employment belongs to large businesses, who employ a total of 38% of the US workforce.[64]
A total of 91% of Americans are employed by the private sector. Government accounts for 8% of
all US workers. There are also small amounts of Americans who work from home. Over 99% of
all employing organizations in the US are small businesses.[65] The 30 million small businesses in
the USA account for 64% of net new jobs (jobs created minus jobs lost).[66] 70% of jobs created
in the last decade were by small business.[67] The proportion of Americans employed by small
business versus large business has remained relatively the same year by year as some small
businesses become large businesses and just over half of small businesses survive more than 5
years.[68] Amongst large businesses, several of the largest companies and employers in the world
are American companies. Amongst them are Walmart, the largest company and the largest
private sector employer in the world, which employs 2.1 million people world-wide and 1.4
million in the US alone.[69] [70]
There are nearly 30 million small businesses in the USA. Approximately 6.5 million of
businesses in the US are owned by women.[71] Together, these 6.5 million women-owned
businesses generate over $940 billion in revenue of the country's $14.3 trillion economy and
employ over 7 million working Americans.[72] Minorities in the US, such as Hispanics, African
Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans, own 4.1 million of the country's
businesses. Minority-owned businesses generate almost $700 billion in revenue and employ
almost 5 million workers in the US.[73]
The median household income in the US as of 2008 is $52,029.[74] 284,000 working people in the
US have two full-time jobs and 7.6 million have a part-time job in addition to their full-time
employment.[75] 12% of working individuals in the US belong to a labor union with the majority
of labor union members being government workers.[76]
In May 2009, the unemployment rate was 9.4%.[77] A broader measure of unemployment (taking
into account marginally attached workers, those employed part time for economic reasons, and
discouraged workers) was 15.9%.[78] In 2009 and 2010, following the financial crisis of 2007–
2010, the emerging problem of jobless recoveries resulted in record levels of long-term
unemployment with over 6 million workers looking for work longer than 6 months as of January,
2010. This particularly affected older workers.[31]
In April 2010, the official unemployment rate was 9.9%, but the government’s broader U-6
unemployment rate was 17.1%.[79] In the period between February 2008 and February 2010, the
number of people working part time for economic reasons has increased by 4 million to 8.8
million, that is a 83% increase in part time workers during the two year period.[80]
Female unemployment continued to be significantly lower than male unemployment (7.5% vs.
9.8%). The unemployment among African-Americans continues to be much higher than white
unemployment (at 14.9% vs. 8.6%).[77] The youth unemployment rate was 18.5% in July 2009,
the highest July rate since 1948.[81] 34.5% of young African American men were unemployed in
October 2009.[82] Officially, Detroit’s unemployment rate is 27%, but Detroit News suggests that
nearly half of this city’s working-age population may be unemployed.[83]
[edit] Income and wealth
Main articles: Income in the United States and Wealth in the United States
See also: Personal income in the United States, Household income in the United
States, Income inequality in the United States, Poverty in the United States,
Affluence in the United States, and Homeownership in the United States
According to the United States Census Bureau, the pretax median household income in 2007 was
$50,233. The median ranged from $68,080 in Maryland to $36,338 in Mississippi.[84]
In 2007, the median real annual household income rose 1.3% to $50,233, according to the
Census Bureau.[85] The real median earnings of men who worked full time, year-round climbed
between 2006 and 2007, from $43,460 to $45,113. For women, the corresponding increase was
from $33,437 to $35,102. The median income per household member (including all working and
non-working members above the age of 14) was $26,036 in 2006.[86]
The recently released US Income Mobility Study showed economic growth resulted in rising
incomes for most taxpayers over the period from 1996 to 2005. Median incomes of all taxpayers
increased by 24 percent after adjusting for inflation. The real incomes of two-thirds of all
taxpayers increased over this period. Income mobility of individuals was considerable in the U.S.
economy during the 1996 through 2004 period with roughly half of taxpayers who began in the
bottom quintile moving up to a higher income group within 10 years. In addition, the median
incomes of those initially in the lower income groups increased more than the median incomes of
those initially in the higher income groups.[87]
Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a
quarter of their collective net worth.[88] Since peaking in the second quarter of 2007, household
wealth is down $14 trillion.[89] The Fed also said that at the end of 2008, the debt owed by
nonfinancial sectors was $33.5 trillion, including household debt valued at $13.8 trillion.[90]
[edit] Financial position

Components of total US debt as a fraction of GDP 1945-2009
Main article: Financial position of the United States
The overall financial position of the United States as of 2009 includes $50.7 trillion of debt owed
by US households, businesses, and governments, representing more than 3.5 times the annual
gross domestic product of the United States.[20] As of the first quarter of 2010, domestic financial
assetsA totaled $131 trillion and domestic financial liabilities $106 trillion.[21] Tangible assets in
2008 (such as real estate and equipment) for selected sectorsB totaled an additional $56.3
trillion.[91]
[edit] Sectors
Main article: Economy of the United States by sector
Sales and employees by sectors of the United States economy in 2002.
[edit] Energy
Main article: Energy in the United States
The United States is the largest energy consumer in terms of total use, using 100 quadrillion
BTUs (105 exajoules, or 29000 TWh) in 2005. The U.S. ranks seventh in energy consumption
per-capita after Canada and a number of other countries.[92][93] The majority of this energy is
derived from fossil fuels: in 2005, it was estimated that 40% of the nation's energy came from
petroleum, 23% from coal, and 23% from natural gas. Nuclear power supplied 8.4% and
renewable energy supplied 6.8%, which was mainly from hydroelectric dams although other
renewables are included.[94]
American dependence on oil imports grew from 24% in 1970 to 65% by the end of 2005. At the
current rate of unchecked import growth, the US would be 70% to 75% reliant on foreign oil by
the middle of the next decade.[95] Transportation has the highest consumption rates, accounting
for approximately 68.9% of the oil used in the United States in 2006,[96] and 55% of oil use
worldwide as documented in the Hirsch report.
[edit] Agriculture
Main article: Agriculture in the United States
See also: Fishing industry in the United States, Beekeeping in the United
States, and United States Department of Agriculture
Agriculture is a major industry in the United States and the country is a net exporter of food.
With vast tracts of temperate arable land, technologically advanced agribusiness, and agricultural
subsidies, the United States controls almost half of world grain exports.[97]
Products include wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy
products; forest products; fish.
[edit] Manufacturing
Main article: Manufacturing in the United States
The United States is the world's largest manufacturer, with a 2007 industrial output of US$2.69
trillion. In 2008, its manufacturing output was greater than that of the manufacturing output of
China, India, and Brazil combined, despite manufacturing being a very small portion of the
entire US economy as compared to most other countries.[98]
A large portion of US industrial output, the US leads the world in airplane manufacturing.[99]
American companies such as Boeing, Cessna (see: Textron), Lockheed Martin (see: Skunk
Works), and General Dynamics produce a vast majority of the world's civilian and military
aircraft in factories stretching across the United States.
Main industries include petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications,
chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining. A total of 3.2
million – one in six U.S. factory jobs – have disappeared since the start of 2000.[100]
[edit] Finance
Main articles: Finance in the United States, Banking in the United States, and
Insurance in the United States
The New York Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in the world by value of its listed
companies' securities, measuring more than 3 times larger than any other stock exchange in the
world.[101] As of October 2008, the combined capitalization of all domestic NYSE listed
companies was US$10.1 trillion.[102]
NASDAQ is another American stock exchange. It is the world's 3rd largest stock exchange, only
after the New York Stock Exchange and Japan's Tokyo Stock Exchange, though NASDAQ's
trade value is much larger than that of Japan's.[101] It is the largest electronic screen-based equity
securities trading market in the United States. With approximately 3,800 companies and
corporations, it has more trading volume per hour than any other stock exchange in the world.[103]
[edit] International trade
Main articles: Foreign trade of the United States and Trade policy of the United
States
The United States is the world's largest trading nation. Since it is the world's leading importer,
there are many U.S. dollars in circulation all around the planet. The dollar is also used as the
standard unit of currency in international markets for commodities such as gold and petroleum
(the latter sometimes called petrocurrency is the source of the term petrodollar). Large foreign
economies such as China, Japan, Arab League, and the EU own huge dollar reserves (especially
as the US is more in debt) so there is a fear that they will move away from the dollar.[104] China's
reserves are more than $2 trillion, the world's largest.[105] China owns an estimated $1.6 trillion of
U.S. securities.[106]
In 2008, the total U.S. trade deficit was $695.9 billion,[107] which is $1.8 trillion in exports minus
$2.5 trillion in imports.[108] The deficit on petroleum products was $386.3 billion.[109] The trade
deficit with China was $266.3 billion, a new record and up from $304 million in 1983.[110] The
United States had a $144.1 billion surplus on trade in services, and $821.2 billion deficit on trade
in goods in 2008.[111]
To fund the national debt (also known as public debt), the United States relies on selling U.S.
treasury bonds to people both inside and outside the country, and in recent times a growing
percent of buyers are international.
[edit] Economic predictions and forecasting

Predictions about the direction of the United States economy in the short term and long term are
crucial factors in determining federal government policies, business decisions, and Federal
Reserve decisions. Several institutions make economic predictions, including: Global Insight,
and the UCLA Anderson Forecast. Various state agencies, including the California Department
of Finance, also make predictions.[citation needed]
[edit] Currency and central bank
Main articles: United States dollar and Federal Reserve System
United States historical inflation rate 1666–2004
The United States dollar is the unit of currency of the United States. The U.S. dollar is the
currency most used in international transactions.[112] Several countries use it as their official
currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency.[113]
The federal government attempts to use both monetary policy (control of the money supply
through mechanisms such as changes in interest rates) and fiscal policy (taxes and spending) to
maintain low inflation, high economic growth, and low unemployment. A relatively private
central bank, known as the Federal Reserve, was formed in 1913 to provide a stable currency and
monetary policy. Despite significant loss of value due to inflation[8], the U.S. dollar has been
regarded as one of the more stable currencies in the world and many nations back their own
currency with U.S. dollar reserves.
The U.S. dollar has maintained its position as the world's primary reserve currency, although it is
gradually being challenged in that role.[114] Almost two-thirds of currency reserves held around
the world are held in US dollars, compared to around 25% for the next most popular currency,
the Euro.[115] Rising US national debt[9] and the related rise of China have led to some, especially
the Chinese, to call for replacing the dollar as the world's reserved currency, but thus far this has
been only speculation.[116]
The dollar used gold standard and/or silver standard from 1785 until 1975, when it became a fiat
currency. As gold tends to retain its value over long historical time periods, gold-backed
currencies are generally much more stable over time than fiat currencies, and this is reflected in
the decline of the value of the US dollar as the currency has become unbacked by Gold.
[edit] Government involvement
[edit] Regulations
The U.S. federal government regulates private enterprise in numerous ways. Regulation falls into
two general categories.
Some efforts seek, either directly or indirectly, to control prices. Traditionally, the government
has sought to prevent monopolies such as electric utilities from raising prices beyond the level
that would ensure them extremely large profits. At times, the government has extended economic
control to other kinds of industries as well. In the years following the Great Depression, it
devised a complex system to stabilize prices for agricultural goods, which tend to fluctuate
wildly in response to rapidly changing supply and demand. A number of other industries—
trucking and, later, airlines—successfully sought regulation themselves to limit what they
considered as harmful price cutting, a process called regulatory capture.[117]
Another form of economic regulation, antitrust law, seeks to strengthen market forces so that
direct regulation is unnecessary. The government—and, sometimes, private parties—have used
antitrust law to prohibit practices or mergers that would unduly limit competition.[117]
Bank regulation in the United States is highly fragmented compared to other G10 countries
where most countries have only one bank regulator. In the U.S., banking is regulated at both the
federal and state level. The U.S also has one of the most highly regulated banking environments
in the world; however, many of the regulations are not safety and soundness related, but are
instead focused on privacy, disclosure, fraud prevention, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorism,
anti-usury lending, and promoting lending to lower-income segments.[citation needed]
Since the 1970s, government has also exercised control over private companies to achieve social
goals, such as improving the public's health and safety or maintaining a healthy environment. For
example, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration provides and enforces standards for
workplace safety, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency provides standards
and regulations to maintain air, water, and land resources. The U.S. Food and Drug
Administration regulates what drugs may reach the market, and also provides standards of
disclosure for food products.[117]
American attitudes about regulation changed substantially during the final three decades of the
20th century. Beginning in the 1970s, policy makers grew increasingly convinced that economic
regulation protected companies at the expense of consumers in industries such as airlines and
trucking. At the same time, technological changes spawned new competitors in some industries,
such as telecommunications, that once were considered natural monopolies. Both developments
led to a succession of laws easing regulation.[117]
While leaders of America's two most influential political parties generally favored economic
deregulation during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, there was less agreement concerning
regulations designed to achieve social goals. Social regulation had assumed growing importance
in the years following the Depression and World War II, and again in the 1960s and 1970s.
During the 1980s, the government relaxed labor, consumer and environmental rules based on the
idea that such regulation interfered with free enterprise, increased the costs of doing business,
and thus contributed to inflation. The response to such changes is mixed; many Americans
continued to voice concerns about specific events or trends, prompting the government to issue
new regulations in some areas, including environmental protection.[117]
Where legislative channels have been unresponsive, some citizens have turned to the courts to
address social issues more quickly. For instance, in the 1990s, individuals, and eventually the
government itself, sued tobacco companies over the health risks of cigarette smoking. The 1998
Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement provided states with long-term payments to cover
medical costs to treat smoking-related illnesses.[117]
[edit] Taxation
Main article: Taxation in the United States
Taxation in the United States is a complex system which may involve payment to at least four
different levels of government and many methods of taxation. Taxes are levied by the federal
government, by the state governments, and often by local governments, which may include
counties, municipalities, township, school districts, and other special-purpose districts, which
include fire, utility, and transit districts.
The National Bureau of Economic Research has concluded that the combined federal, state, and
local government average marginal tax rate for most workers to be about 40% of income.[118][119]
The Tax Foundation concluded that government at all levels will collect 30.8% of the nation's
income for 2008.[120] Tax Day, the day by which tax returns are due, is usually April 15.
Many taxes not mentioned above are hidden and unaccounted for in most studies. For example,
parking fees levied by government owned facilities are in fact a tax. All fees levied by
government mandate are in fact a tax. Inflationary monetary policy is a tax upon those who save
government currency for the future; whereby a leveraged government pays back depreciated
dollars to bond holders while individuals who save that currency have the value of their savings
eroded. Hidden inflation through unrealized cost savings that would occur in a more efficient
globalized marketplace, absent inflation, is a tax; whereby the cost of goods should go down,
absent inflation, and instead they go up a lesser amount than the true rate of inflation.
[edit] Expenditure
Main articles: United States federal budget and United States public debt
Fiscal Year 2009 U.S. Federal Spending - Cash or Budget Basis.
Fiscal Year 2009 U.S. Federal Receipts.

The United States public sector spending amounts to about a third of the GDP.
Each level of government provides many direct services. The federal government, for example,
is responsible for national defense, backs research that often leads to the development of new
products, conducts space exploration, and runs numerous programs designed to help workers
develop workplace skills and find jobs (including higher education). Government spending has a
significant effect on local and regional economies—and even on the overall pace of economic
activity.[citation needed]
State governments, meanwhile, are responsible for the construction and maintenance of most
highways. State, county, or city governments play the leading role in financing and operating
public schools. Local governments are primarily responsible for police and fire protection.[citation
needed]
Overall, federal, state, and local spending accounted for almost 28% of gross domestic product in
1998.[121]
As of January 20, 2009, the total U.S. federal debt was $10.627 trillion (an increase of 85.5
percent over the previous eight years).[122] The borrowing cap debt ceiling as of 2005 stood at
$8.18 trillion.[123] In March 2006, Congress raised that ceiling an additional $0.79 trillion to $8.97
trillion, which is approximately 68% of GDP.[124] Congress has used this method to deal with an
encroaching debt ceiling in previous years, as the federal borrowing limit was raised in 2002 and
2003.[125] As of October 4, 2008, the "Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008" raised the
current debt ceiling to US$ 11.3 trillion.[126]
The federal government's debt rose by almost $1.4 trillion in 2009, and now stands at $12.1
trillion.[127] While the U.S. public debt is the world's largest in absolute size, another measure is
its size relative to the nation's GDP. As of 2009 the debt was 83 percent of GDP. This debt, as a
percent of GDP, is still less than the debt of Japan (192%) (the overwhelming number of owners
of JGBs are Japanese)[128] and roughly equivalent to those of a few western European nations,
including Greece.[129]
[edit] See also
India economy, the third largest economy in the world, in terms of purchasing power, is going to touch new heights in coming years.
As predicted by Goldman Sachs, the Global Investment Bank, by 2035 India would be the third largest economy of the world just
after US and China. It will grow to 60% of size of the US economy. This booming economy of today has to pass through many
phases before it can achieve the current milestone of 9% GDP.
The history of Indian economy can be broadly divided into three phases: Pre- Colonial, Colonial and Post Colonial.
Pre Colonial: The economic history of India since Indus Valley Civilization to 1700 AD can be categorized under this phase. During
Indus Valley Civilization Indian economy was very well developed. It had very good trade relations with other parts of world, which is
evident from the coins of various civilizations found at the site of Indus valley.
Before the advent of East India Company, each village in India was a self sufficient entity. Each village was economically
independent as all the economic needs were fulfilled with in the village.
Then came the phase of Colonization. The arrival of East India Company in India ruined the Indian economy. There was a two-way
depletion of resources. British used to buy raw materials from India at cheaper rates and finished goods were sold at higher than
normal price in Indian markets. During this phase India's share of world income declined from 22.3% in 1700 AD to 3.8% in 1952.
After India got independence from this colonial rule in 1947, the process of rebuilding the economy started. For this various policies
and schemes were formulated. First five year plan for the development of Indian economy came into implementation in 1952. These
Five Year Plans, started by Indian government, focused on the needs of Indian economy.
If on one hand agriculture received the immediate attention on the other side industrial sector was developed at a fast pace to
provide employment opportunities to the growing population and to keep pace with the developments in the world. Since then Indian
economy has come a long way. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at factor cost, which was 2.3 % in 1951-52 reached 9% in
financial year 2005-06
Trade liberalization, financial liberalization, tax reforms and opening up to foreign investments were some of the important steps,
which helped Indian economy to gain momentum. The Economic Liberalization introduced by Man Mohan Singh in 1991, then
Finance Minister in the government of P V Narsimha Rao, proved to be the stepping-stone for Indian economic reform movements.
To maintain its current status and to achieve the target GDP of 10% for financial year 2006-07, Indian economy has to overcome
many challenges.
Challenges before Indian economy:
• Population explosion: This monster is eating up into the success of India. According to 2001 census of India,
population of India in 2001 was 1,028,610,328, growing at a rate of 2.11% approx. Such a vast population puts lots of
stress on economic infrastructure of the nation. Thus India has to control its burgeoning population.
• Poverty: As per records of National Planning Commission, 36% of the Indian population was living Below Poverty Line
in 1993-94. Though this figure has decreased in recent times but some major steps are needed to be taken to eliminate
poverty from India.
• Unemployment: The increasing population is pressing hard on economic resources as well as job opportunities. Indian
government has started various schemes such as Jawahar Rozgar Yojna, and Self Employment Scheme for Educated
Unemployed Youth (SEEUY). But these are proving to be a drop in an ocean.
• Rural urban divide: It is said that India lies in villages, even today when there is lots of talk going about migration to
cities, 70% of the Indian population still lives in villages. There is a very stark difference in pace of rural and urban
growth. Unless there isn't a balanced development Indian economy cannot grow.
These challenges can be overcome by the sustained and planned economic reforms.
These include:
• Maintaining fiscal discipline
• Orientation of public expenditure towards sectors in which India is faring badly such as health and education.
• Introduction of reforms in labour laws to generate more employment opportunities for the growing population of India.
• Reorganization of agricultural sector, introduction of new technology, reducing agriculture's dependence on monsoon
by developing means of irrigation.
• Introduction of financial reforms including privatization of some public sector banks.
India's GDP rate since 1951-51:

Financial year GDP of India at factor cost (in percent)
1951-52 2.3
1952-53 2.8
1953-54 6.1
1954-55 4.2
1955-56 2.6
1956-57 5.7
1957-58 -1.2
1958-59 7.6
1959-60 2.2
1960-61 7.1
1961-62 3.1
1962-63 2.1
1963-64 5.1
1964-65 7.6
1965-66 -3.7
1966-67 1
1967-68 8.1
1968-69 2.6
1969-70 6.5
1970-71 5
1971-72 1
1972-73 -0.3
1973-74 4.6
1974-75 1.2
1975-76 9
1976-77 1.2
1977-78 7.5
1978-79 5.5
1979-80 -5.2
1980-81 7.2
1981-82 6
1982-83 3.1
1983-84 7.7
1984-85 4.3
1985-86 4.5
1986-87 4.3
1987-88 3.8
1988-89 10.5
1989-90 6.7
1990-91 5.6
1991-92 1.3
1992-93 5.1
1993-94 5.9
1994-95 7.3
1995-96 7.3
1996-97 7.8
1997-98 4.8
1998-99 6.5
1999-2000 6.1
2000-01 4.4
2001-02 5.8
2002-03 3.8
2003-04 8.5
2005-06
2004-05 7.5
2005-06 9
List of Indian states by GDP

This is a list of Indian states by GDP.
Contents
[hide]
• 1 GDP
• 2 Top 10 Cities in
GDPs
• 3 Growth
• 4 See also
• 5 Notes
• 6 References
[edit] GDP
This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by gross domestic product for the year
2006-2007, and the exchange rate to USD was 45.34 Rupees to 1 USD in 2006.[1]
GDP (in per capita per
Millions GDP (in
( capita (
Millions
State/Union Territory of Rupees of Rupees of USD)
of USD)
) )
India 37,900,630 835,920 31,605 697
Maharashtra 4,324,131 95,371 44,634 984
Uttar Pradesh 2,797,621 61,703 16,756 369
West Bengal 2,360,442 52,060 29,440 649
Andhra Pradesh 2,360,340 52,058 30,950 684
Tamil Nadu 2,235,285 49,300 35,822 790
Gujarat 2,152,825 47,481 43,056 950
Karnataka 1,707,412 37,657 35,818 789
Kerala 1,327,394 29,276 37,372 824
Rajasthan 1,241,991 27,392 21,979 484
Madhya Pradesh 1,185,862 26,154 19,650 433
Delhi Territory 1,053,856 23,243 76,087 1,678
Punjab 1,047,051 23,093 42,984 948
Haryana 1,006,764 22,204 47,613 1,050
Bihar 796,820 17,574 9,600 211
Orissa 714,280 15,753 19,407 428

Jharkhand 629,500 13,883 23,361 515
Assam 575,970 12,703 21,607 476
Chattisgarh 519,210 11,451 24,921 549
Uttarakhand 257,760 5,685 30,362 669
Himachal Pradesh 254,350 5,609 45,391 934
Jammu & Kashmir 242,650 5,351 24,625 543
Goa 124,000 2,734 92,010 2,029
Chandigarh Territory 98,720 2,177 109,688 2,419
Meghalaya 70,520 1,555 30,660 676
Tripura 66,010 1,455 20,628 454
Pondicherry Territory 64,570 1,424 66,478 1,466
Manipur 64,380 1,419 18,746 413
Nagaland 53,460 1,179 26,863 592
Mizoram 29,850 658 24,680 544
Arunachal Pradesh 22,620 498 20,601 454
Sikkim 20,400 449 28,307 624
Andaman and Nicobar Islands

15,620 344 43,876 967
Territory
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

7,001 154 31,822 701
Territory
Daman and Diu Territory 5,028 110 31,781 700
Lakshadweep Territory 1,909 42 31,475 694
[edit] Top 10 Cities in GDPs

List of Top 10 Indian cities GDPs in 2009 based on PPP and Exchange rate.
Ran GDP in GDP in GDP per capita GDP per capita in
City US$bn(PPP) US$bn(Nominal
k in US$(PPP)[2] US$(Nominal)
)
1 Mumbai 209 73 6,462 2,265
2 Delhi 167 58 5,309 1,860
3 Kolkata 104 52 6,489 2,274
Bangalor
4 69 29 7,397 2,592
e
5 Chennai 66
Hyderaba
6 60
d
Ahmadab
7 6,426 2,252
ad
8 Pune 30 10 6,652 2,331
9 Surat 22 7 7,323 2,566
10 Kanpur 22 6 5,347 1,874
GDP per capita in the above table was evaluated by estimating the population of urban
agglomerations as of 2009 by considering the population census of 2001 and growth rates from
1991-2001.
[edit] Growth
This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by gross domestic product(Rupees in
Crores).
% % % % % % %
S
State/ 99- 00- Gro 01- Gro 02- Gro 03- Gro 04- Gro 05- Gro 06- Gro
N
wth wth wth wth wth wth wth
UT 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Andhra
129 145 12.1 157 168 190 13.5 210 10.2 236 12.1 269 14.0
1 Prades 8.31 7.00
403 090 2 150 143 880 2 449 5 034 6 173 4
h
Arunac
(-
hal 161 180 11.8 212 17.7 210 240 14.5 278 15.7 298
2 1.13 7.14 NA
Prades 5 6 3 7 7 3 8 0 8 8 7
)
h
3 Assam 348 368 5.69 383 4.07 434 13.3 473 8.98 529 11.8 575 8.74 650 13.0
33 14 13 07 0 05 20 7 43 33 2
502 572 14.1 578 651 12.6 669 737 10.2 796 942 18.2
4 Bihar 0.92 2.83 7.98
00 79 0 04 17 5 61 91 0 82 51 8
(-
Jharkh 341 320 350 381 424 11.2 568 33.8 629 10.6 697 10.8
5 6.02 9.15 9.01
and 47 93 30 87 94 8 71 3 50 9 52 1
)
633 675 709 810 14.1 930 14.8 114 23.4 124
6 Goa 6.75 5.03 8.00 NA
0 7 7 0 3 1 3 82 5 00
Gujara 109 111 123 11.1 141 14.5 168 18.7 186 10.7 216 16.3
7 1.16 NA
t 861 139 573 9 534 3 080 6 181 7 651 7
Haryan 512 580 13.2 655 12.7 725 10.7 824 13.6 936 13.5 106 13.6 126 18.8
8
a 78 90 8 05 6 44 5 68 8 27 3 385 3 475 8
Himac
hal 141 156 10.9 171 189 10.2 207 230 11.1 254 10.4 282 11.2
9 9.49 9.61
Prades 12 61 8 48 05 5 21 24 1 35 7 98 6
h
1 167 180 203 12.6 221 242

J&K 8.02 9.19 9.33 NA NA NA
0 00 39 26 8 94 65
1 Karnat 962 102 107 117 128 148 15.5 170 14.9
6.99 4.83 8.86 9.42 NA
1 aka 29 957 933 492 556 541 5 741 5
1 686 721 773 862 11.4 960 11.2 107 11.5 118 11.1 132 11.5
Kerala 5.14 7.27
2 17 43 85 75 9 12 9 054 0 998 6 739 5
Madhy
(-
1 a 801 792 867 868 102 18.4 107 116 128 10.2
1.16 9.52 0.10 4.32 8.43
3 Prades 32 03 45 32 839 3 282 322 202 1
)
h
(-
1 Chattis 278 264 302 14.5 329 398 20.9 459 15.5 519 12.8
4.98 8.72 NA
4 garh 10 26 62 2 01 03 8 99 7 21 7
)
1 Mahar 247 250 271 299 10.3 337 12.7 378 12.2 432 14.1
1.29 8.24 NA
5 ashtra 457 642 293 279 2 495 7 839 5 413 4
(-
1 Manipu 326 311 336 350 397 13.4 505 26.9 571 13.1 643 12.6
4.54 8.26 4.07
6 r 0 2 9 6 9 9 0 2 4 5 8 7
)
1 Meghal 363 404 11.3 461 13.9 490 550 12.3 598 647 705
6.18 8.65 8.19 9.00
7 aya 8 9 0 5 8 0 4 3 0 0 2
1 Mizora 155 173 12.0 194 12.0 216 11.2 232 245 269 298 10.6
7.34 5.59 9.86
8 m 0 7 6 7 9 6 5 5 5 7 5 8
1 Nagala 280 355 26.8 416 17.2 468 12.4 504 534
7.60 6.07 NA NA
9 nd 0 2 6 6 9 4 3 0 6
2 429 434 469 502 614 22.3 714 16.2 785 911 16.0
Orissa 1.36 7.94 6.98 9.95
0 10 93 46 23 22 0 28 9 36 51 6
2 671 747 11.2 796 823 898 974 109 12.6 123 12.4
Punjab 6.67 3.32 9.08 8.50
1 76 10 2 96 39 18 52 735 0 397 5
(- (-
2 Rajast 827 824 917 11.3 885 111 26.0 115 124 142 14.3
0.34 3.51 3.30 7.75
2 han 20 35 71 3 50 606 4 288 224 036 4
) )
2 101 13.1 113 12.0 127 12.3 143 12.0 160 12.0 180 12.5 204 13.1
Sikkim 896
3 4 7 6 3 6 2 0 7 2 3 3 5 0 4
2 Tamiln 134 146 149 158 175 11.0 200 14.1 223 11.3 246 10.1
9.45 1.51 6.24
4 adu 187 862 074 370 897 7 781 5 528 3 266 7
2 486 549 12.9 637 15.8 673 755 12.1 829 912
Tripura 5.70 9.88 9.97 NA
5 7 9 9 0 4 3 1 5 7 4
Uttar
2 175 181 190 207 227 246 279 13.4 312 11.8
Prades 3.64 4.95 8.71 9.65 8.60
6 160 533 513 103 086 618 762 4 832 2
h
2 Uttara 127 147 14.9 160 186 16.6 206 10.6 227 10.1 257 13.2 298 15.9
8.90
7 nchal 86 03 9 11 75 4 68 7 65 5 76 3 81 3
2 West 135 143 157 168 189 12.5 208 10.3 236 13.1
6.18 9.48 6.94 NA
8 Bengal 182 532 136 047 099 3 578 0 044 7
(-
2 A&N 109 11.5 121 11.1 137 13.1 134 156 15.9
930 980 5.38 2.04 NA
9 Islands 3 3 5 6 5 7 7 2 6
)
3 Chandi 393 457 16.0 532 16.5 610 14.6 712 16.6 830 16.6 987 18.8
NA
0 garh 7 0 8 4 0 4 5 0 4 5 4 2 7
3 551 612 10.9 667 719 808 12.4 919 13.7 105 14.5
Delhi 8.99 7.81 NA
1 65 23 8 28 37 81 3 81 2 385 7
3 Pondic 323 386 19.4 425 10.2 493 15.7 543 10.3 519 (- 570 9.78 629 10.5
4.54
2 herry 5 4 4 9 2 1 8 9 0 2 0 9 1
)
178 192 209 226 253 287 327 379

12.2 13.3 13.8 15.7
India 652 501 7.75 772 8.97 141 7.80 817 770 567 006
4 8 3 0
5 7 6 5 1 6 0 3
[edit] See also

• Standard of living in India
• List of country subdivisions by GDP (nominal)
[edit] Notes
1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
[edit] References
• Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, figures in millions of
Indian rupees.
[hide]
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Nominal
composition · Ten largest historically
Purchasing power Per capita · Per hour · Per person employed · Past (per
parity (PPP) capita) · Future (per capita)
Real · Per capita · 1990-2007 growth · Industrial

Growth
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GNI Nominal · PPP
Countries by region Africa (nominal · PPP) · Latin America & Caribbean

(nominal · PPP) · North America (nominal · PPP) ·
South America (nominal · PPP) · Arab League · Asia ·
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CIS · Europe (nominal · nominal per capita · PPP · PPP
per capita) · Oceania
Argentine provinces · Australian states & territories ·

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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_GDP"

Categories: States of India related lists | Gross state product | Economy of India by
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Japan has intervened in the foreign-exchange market for the first time since 2004 after a surge in
the yen to the strongest against the US dollar in 15 years threatened to stunt the nation’s
economic recovery.
Finance Minister Yoshihiko Noda confirmed the intervention, speaking to reporters today in
Tokyo.
Mr Noda said that Japan had contacted other nations about the step, without specifically saying
that today’s measure was taken unilaterally.
Advertisement: Story continues below
The yen tumbled 1 per cent to 83.97 per US dollar. Japan’s currency reached a high of 82.88
earlier today. The benchmark Nikkei 225 stock average jumped 2 per cent on the news, reversing
earlier losses.
The yen also weakened against the Australian dollar, dropping to a five-week low. The dollar
leaped 1.4 per cent to 79.10 yen after traders spotted the Bank of Japan selling yen in the market
in an effort to restrain its export-sapping strength.
Overnight, the dollar soared to its highest since the global financial crisis against the
greenback, hitting 94.57 US cents, before falling back below 94 US cents in trading today.
Japan's currency market intervention comes a day after Prime Minister Naoto Kan won
reelection as the head of Japan’s ruling party, beating a candidate who had specifically called for
intervention to help shelter the nation’s exporters from currency appreciation.
Exports have been the main driver of Japan’s economic recovery and the yen’s jump prompted
business leaders to call for stronger steps from the government to stem the gains.
‘‘Politically, it’s more stable than before the party election and that may make it easier’’ to
conduct intervention, Tohru Sasaki, head of Japan rates and foreign-exchange research in Tokyo
at JPMorgan Chase said before the announcement.
Mr Kan's government has been trying to talk down the yen but until Wednesday had stopped
short of intervening in the markets, apparently worried that acting without Group of Seven
partners would not be very effective.
"There were views in the market that Kan was more tolerant of a higher yen and the yen rose
after he won the ruling party leadership vote yesterday," said Yasuo Yamamoto, senior
economist at Mizuho Research Institute.
"The government probably wanted to stamp out those views. But the question is: Will the yen
stop rising from here? It's not clear."
Last time Japan intervened in the foreign exchange market, it embarked on a 15-month, 35
trillion yen selling spree aimed at preventing a strong yen from snuffing out an economic
recovery.
Analysts said it was unlikely that other countries would help Japan tamp down the yen since they
also need weaker currencies to boost exports and help their own fragile economic recoveries.
Some doubted that Japan would be as aggressive as earlier in the decade.
"The amount of intervention isn't likely to be as much as Japan was spending the last time it
intervened, so it won't be enough to stop dollar/yen from falling. It is also unlikely that other
countries will cooperate," said Junya Tanase, currency strategist at JPMorgan in Tokyo.
The yen had surged to its highest against the US dollar since 1995, as low US interest rates have
made the dollar cheap to borrow and sell for higher-yielding assets and as talk has resurfaced that
the Fed might consider buying more assets to support the economy.
The Japanese currency's rise has brought it closer and closer to its record peak of 79.75 per US
dollar set in 1995. The euro rose 1.8 per cent to 109.85 yen.
Japan is not the only developed economy to have intervened to weaken its currency in the past
year.
The Swiss National Bank intervened to hold the Swiss franc down against the euro, in a move
launched in March 2009 as part of a package of steps to fight deflation risks.
Reuters, Bloomberg
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Bonds Mutual Funds Inflation
href="http://www.bettertrades.com/"> bettertrades official website.
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Insurance usually takes the form of an agreement or policy that guards against (or hedges against) something undesirable
happening. The person or entity seeking insurance (the insured or policy holder) will pay a premium, and the entity providing the
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The Economy
Our finances, our children's future, even our happiness
seems to be defined by the state of the economy.
The Economy is the sum total of all economic activity within a

defined set of boundaries.
When we talk casually about the economy we are usually

referring to our country's economy, such as the US Economy
or the Indian Economy.
The total value of the economy is normally measured in GDP

or Gross Domestic Product, which is the sum total of all buying
and selling in an economy measured either by exchange rate
to the US dollar, or in the effective purchasing power of the
local currency.
However the economy can also be used to define theories and

systems, such as the Free Market Economy, where prices are
defined by supply and demand, the Command or Planned
Economy, where prices are dictated by the government, or the
Mixed Economy, which includes elements of both.
We can also define an economy for specific sectors or

categories, such as the Black Market Economy, the Green
Economy, the New Economy or the Knowledge Economy.
Economy also has an alternative meaning, indicating the

minimum amount of effort needed to achieve an end result. We
talk about economy as efficiency, as in Fuel Economy, and
also in terms of preserving value, as in going for the
economical choice.
Economics
There is no such thing as economics in Heaven.
Heaven, or so we are told, has unlimited supplies of milk, honey,

young maidens and anything else your heart could desire. In
Heaven, therefore, you do not have to make painful choices
between competing wants.
Life on earth is a bit different. Frankly, there is not enough of the

good stuff to around.Should I buy these really expensive clothes
and rack up my credit card bills? Or should I go for the cheaper,
economical choice, and save up for my kids education?
That fact that things are scarce makes them valuable. That
includes tangible items like houses, cars and diamonds, and
intangibles such as time, respect and fame.
Every day we make choices that we think will get us more of

those valuable, scare items, and have less of those unpleasant
things that seem to exist in abundance.
This is economics in action - or more precisely, this is

microeconomics, economics on a human scale. When lots of
people get together and make decisions like this collectively, as
industries, countries or trading blocks, then we call this
macroeconomics, the economics you read about in the
economic news every day.
Dear all,
Note: Interested students can apply by sending their applications on the following
e-mail id: sidharth.singh@iipm.edu and mark a copy to punya.anand@iipm.edu
Note :- Students have to mention their preferred Location.
Last date for applying is 7st October i.e. Thursday by 9 AM.
Company Name: Edelweiss Capital
About the Company: Edelweiss is one of the leading financial services company in
India. Its current businesses include investment banking, securities and retail
broking and investment management. The core inspiring thought of ideas creating
wealth and values protecting it is translated into an approach that is led by
entrepreneurship and creativity and protected by intellectual rigor, research and
analysis. Here at Edelweiss clients can build a personal relationship with their
investment professionals. Edelweiss see investing from client’s perspective, and
offer recommendations based on client’s needs and preferences.
For more information, log onto: www.edelweiss.in www.edelcap.com
Job Profile: Relationship Manager (Retail Online Broking Team)
Job Description:
- Search, identify & conduct daily sales for financial planning sessions with clients
- Build portfolios
- Manage the relationship with customers to ensure persistency & renewals
- Ensure adherence to all sales systems, operational, underwriting, compliance

guidelines & ensure accurate data capture
- Customer Relationship Management System to help track and manage your

relationships and portfolios
- Sales & Distribution Systems for managing your leads, personal goals,
performance and development programmes.
- We offer marketing and database support to help you maximize your productivity
Location: Jaipur, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkatta, Pune.
Package: Rs. 2.4 Lacs pa ctc
Contact Person: Punya Anand (011-42789830)
SMG
Genesis
IndusInd Bank derives its name and inspiration from the Indus Valley civilisation - a culture described by National Geographic as
'one of the greatest of the ancient world' combining a spirit of innovation with sound business and trade practices.
Mr. Srichand P. Hinduja, a leading Non-Resident Indian businessman and head of the Hinduja Group, conceived the vision of
IndusInd Bank - the first of the new-generation private banks in India - and through collective contributions from the NRI community
towards India's economic and social development, brought our Bank into being.
The Bank, formally inaugurated in April 1994 by Dr. Manmohan Singh, Honourable Prime Minister of India who was then the
country’s Finance Minister, started with a capital base of Rs.1,000 million (USD 32 million at the prevailing exchange rate), of which
Rs.600 million was raised through private placement from Indian Residents while the balance Rs.400 million (USD 13 million) was
contributed by Non-Resident Indians.
A NEW ERA
About IndusInd Bank

IndusInd Bank is one of the new generation private-sector banks in India, which commenced its operations in 1994. The Bank caters
to the needs of both Consumer & Corporate Clients and has a robust technology platform supporting multi – channel delivery
capabilities. The Bank enjoys a patronage of 2 million customers and has a network of 209 branches and 427 ATMs spread over
168 geographical locations in 28 states and union territories across the country. The Bank also has a Representative Office in Dubai
and London.
The Bank’s total business (deposits plus advances) as on December 31, 2009 crossed Rs. 43,000 crore. The Bank is driven by
state-of-the-art technology since its inception. It has multi-lateral tie-ups with other banks providing access to more than 21000
ATMs for its customers. It enjoys clearing bank status for both major stock exchanges - BSE and NSE - and three major commodity
exchanges in the country – MCX, NCDEX, and NMCE. It also offers DP facilities for stock and commodity segments. The Bank has
been bestowed with the mandate of being a Settlement Banker for tea auctions at Kolkata, Siliguri, Coonoor, Coimbatore and
Guwahati.
During the quarter, in a pioneering initiative in ‘Green Banking’ the Bank became the first bank in Maharashtra to open a solar-power
ATM. Subjects like sustainable development, social responsibility and climate change are fast becoming part of the corporate
vocabulary and IndusInd is at the forefront of this change in the Indian banking sector.
The Bank has been awarded the highest P1+ rating for its Fixed Deposits and Certificates of Deposit by CRISIL. Recently, CRISIL
has reaffirmed its P1+ rating of IndusInd Bank’s fixed deposits and certificates of deposit program. The rating continues to reflect the
Bank’s established presence in the Commercial Vehicle (CV) financing business and the significant improvement in its asset quality.
The rating also features in the Bank’s modest resource and earnings profile, and average capitalisation levels.
Visit us at www.indusind.com
Dear All,
Note: Interested students can apply by sending their CV application at

sidharth.singh@iipm.edu.
Last date for applying is 13th October'10 i.e. Wednesday by 11:00 am
Company Name: IndusInd Bank.
About the Company: IndusInd Bank is one of the new generation private-sector
banks in India, which commenced its operations in 1994. The Bank caters to the
needs of both Consumer & Corporate Clients and has a robust technology platform
supporting multi – channel delivery capabilities. The Bank enjoys a patronage of 2
million customers and has a network of 209 branches and 427 ATMs spread over
168 geographical locations in 28 states and union territories across the country. The
Bank also has a Representative Office in Dubai and London.
For more details please log on to: http://www.indusind.com
Job Profile: Relationship Manager/ Relationship Officer.

Job Description: Marketing & Sales of financial products.
Training : 6 Months.
Location: Dehradun.
Package: For RO Profile: 2.00 Lacs CTC. & RM Profile: 4.00Lacs+ incentives+
conveyance + other benefits.
Note: Interested students can apply by sending their application & updated resumes
with photograph attach to it on kaushik.sarkar@iipm.edu &
sidharth.singh@iipm.edu, also mention the company name in your application
before sending the CV.
Last date for applying is 14th October'10 i.e. Thursday by 9:00 am.
Eligibility: Students having previous experience in Finance would be preferred.
Company Name: Landmark Group
About the Company: Founded in 1973 in Bahrain, the Landmark Group has
successfully grown into one of the largest and most successful retail organizations
in the Middle East. An international, diversified retail conglomerate that encourages
entrepreneurship to consistently deliver exceptional value, the Group operates over
900 stores encompassing a retail presence of over 13 million sq. ft. across Middle
East, India, Egypt, Turkey, Yemen and Pakistan (franchise operation). The Group
employs around 31,000 employees. Landmark is the biggest retailing store in UAE.
For further details, log onto: http://www.landmarkgroupme.com/
Job Profile: Merchandise Financial Planner.
· Training Period: 6 Months.
Job Description:
Maximise Sales and profitability for the department/category
· Support in determining high-level financial goals including pre-season financial

plans, in-season projections, open-to-buy management and new store budgets
· Prepare and maintain department/category merchandise MIS analytics based on

actual sales, sales forecasts, company order parameters, inventory checks, forth
coming events, replenishment needs etc
· Assist in the creation of merchandise plans for the category based on insights
gained from merchandise analytics, customer preference, historical trends and
future outlook projected by the buyer
· Assist in discussing, deciding and freezing the department/category merchandise

strategic plans around the following factors
Financials
Sales,Stock, OTB, Margins, Forward Cover etc
Store
Subgroub level Sales, Order Quantity, Allocation, Replenishment etc

Assortment
Style, Price, Brand, Supplier etc
· Communicate the merchandise strategic plan to buying team for necessary

execution
· Ensure effective in season management across territories (stock balancing,

markdown management,stock analysis, stock vs sales performance)
· Help review the merchandise plans on a periodic basis to ensure profit is

maximized and maintained to reach target levels
· Ensure that the standards of Merchandise procedures and Methodologies are

maintained and kept Uniform
Inventory Stock Optimization
· Ensure optimum category inventory levels are maintained at Concept/Territory

keeping in mind store requirements as well as working capital constraints
· Ensure that no instances of category stock outs occur on account of any

discrepancy on part of merchandise planning
Ensure excess category inventory is not maintained at the warehouses or the stores
and there is proper adherence to the concept/territory ageing policy
Category Promotions
· Provide inputs on the expected margins, possible price points and other
parameters for promotions within the product category
· Help analyse the effectiveness of the promotions in achieving the targeted levels
of sales and margins
Help analyse the existing stock levels and liaise with the Buying/VM/Marketing team
for timely roll out of promotional campaigns to maintain the territory / warehouse
inventory holding norms as well to achieve targeted sales
In season Management
Ensure performance is monitored against plan for the assigned

category/department, regularly supported by exception reporting
Ensure effective in season management of the assigned category/department

through regular analysis and action planning across concept and territory, based on
the performance around the following anchors
Sales vs. Stock
Inflows/OTB
Stock analysis
Stock balancing
Margin analysis
Package: 8000 AED [Rs.96,000 per month In Hand]
Location: UAE
Dear All,
Note: Interested students can apply by sending their CV application at

sidharth.singh@iipm.edu.
Last date for applying is 25th October'10 i.e. Monday by 9:00 am
Company Name: India Bulls.
About the Company: Indiabulls Group is one of the top business houses in the
country with business interests in Real Estate, Infrastructure, Financial Services and
Power sectors. Indiabulls Group companies are listed in Indian and overseas
financial markets. The Networth of the Group exceeds USD 3 billion. Indiabulls has
been conferred the status of a “Business Superbrand” by The Brand Council,
Superbrands India.
Indiabulls Financial Services is an integrated financial services powerhouse

providing Consumer Finance, Housing Finance, Commercial Loans, Life Insurance,
Asset Management and Advisory services. Indiabulls Financial Services Ltd is
amongst 68 companies constituting MSCI - Morgan Stanley India Index. Indiabulls
Financial is also part of CLSA’s model portfolio of 30 Best Companies in Asia.
Indiabulls Financial Services in partnership with MMTC Limited, the largest
commodity trading company in India, has set up India’s 4th Multi-Commodities
Exchange.
Job Profile: Relationship Manager.
Job Description: Marketing & Sales of financial products.
Training : 2 weeks.
Location: DELHI/ NCR.
Package: 6.00Lacs CTC.

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First plan (1951-1956)

Second plan (1956-1961)

Third plan (1961-1966)

Fifth plan (1974-1979)

Sixth plan (1980-1985)

Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002)

• to ensure food and nutritional security

Tenth plan (2002-2007)

Eleventh plan (2007-2012)

5. Women and Children

○ Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage points.

Year-on-year change in total net worth of US households and nonprofit

[edit] Financial position

Main article: Financial position of the United States

[edit] Economic predictions and forecasting

United States historical inflation rate 1666–2004

Fiscal Year 2009 U.S. Federal Spending - Cash or Budget Basis.

Fiscal Year 2009 U.S. Federal Receipts.

Challenges before Indian economy:

• Maintaining fiscal discipline

• Introduction of financial reforms including privatization of some public sector banks.

India's GDP rate since 1951-51:

List of Indian states by GDP

India 37,900,630 835,920 31,605 697

Maharashtra 4,324,131 95,371 44,634 984

Uttar Pradesh 2,797,621 61,703 16,756 369

West Bengal 2,360,442 52,060 29,440 649

Andhra Pradesh 2,360,340 52,058 30,950 684

Tamil Nadu 2,235,285 49,300 35,822 790

Gujarat 2,152,825 47,481 43,056 950

Karnataka 1,707,412 37,657 35,818 789

Kerala 1,327,394 29,276 37,372 824

Rajasthan 1,241,991 27,392 21,979 484

Madhya Pradesh 1,185,862 26,154 19,650 433

Delhi Territory 1,053,856 23,243 76,087 1,678

Punjab 1,047,051 23,093 42,984 948

Haryana 1,006,764 22,204 47,613 1,050

Bihar 796,820 17,574 9,600 211

Orissa 714,280 15,753 19,407 428

Assam 575,970 12,703 21,607 476

Chattisgarh 519,210 11,451 24,921 549

Uttarakhand 257,760 5,685 30,362 669

Himachal Pradesh 254,350 5,609 45,391 934

Jammu & Kashmir 242,650 5,351 24,625 543

Goa 124,000 2,734 92,010 2,029

Chandigarh Territory 98,720 2,177 109,688 2,419

Meghalaya 70,520 1,555 30,660 676

Tripura 66,010 1,455 20,628 454

Pondicherry Territory 64,570 1,424 66,478 1,466

Manipur 64,380 1,419 18,746 413

Nagaland 53,460 1,179 26,863 592

Mizoram 29,850 658 24,680 544

Arunachal Pradesh 22,620 498 20,601 454

Sikkim 20,400 449 28,307 624

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Daman and Diu Territory 5,028 110 31,781 700

Lakshadweep Territory 1,909 42 31,475 694

[edit] Top 10 Cities in GDPs

1 Mumbai 209 73 6,462 2,265