60 Mahesh Tutorials Science

ELLIPSE & HYPERBOLA. Hence a 2 = 25,b2 = 9 and a > b

l(major axis)= 2a =10, l (minor axis) =
GROUP-(A) CLASS WORK EXAMPLES 2b = 6
Q-1) The equation of ellipse is Eccentricity =
9x 2 + 4y 2 = 36. Find the a 2 − b2 25 − 9 16 4
(i) lengths of axes (ii) eccentricity e= 2
= = =
a 25 25 5
(iii) co-ordinate of foci (iv) equation of
directrices (v) length of L.R. 4
ae = 5   = 4, foci ≡ ( ±ae,0 ) ≡ ( ±4,0 )
x2 y2 5
Ans. 9x 2 + 4y 2 = 36. ⇒ + =1 a
4 9 Equations of directrices are x = ±
x2 y2 e
Comparing with 2 + 2 =1 25
a b i.e. x = ±
2 2 4
⇒ a =4&b =9 ⇒ a =2&b=3
2b2 2 ( 9 ) 18
⇒ a<b latus-rectum = = =
a 5 5
(i)Lengths of axes : Extremities of latus rectum are
Length of major axis = 2b = 2 × 3 = 6
units  b2   9 
 ae,  =  4,  and
Length of minor axis = 2a = 2 × 2 = 4  a   5
units
(ii) Eccentricity:  b2   9
 ae, −  =  4, − 
( ) ( )
a 2 = b2 1 − e 2 ⇒ 4 = 9 1 − e 2 ⇒  a   5

4  b2   9
= 1 − e2  −ae,  =  −4,  and
9  a   5
9−4 5 5  − b2   −9 
⇒ e2 = ⇒ e2 = ⇒ e =  −ae,  =  −4,
9 9 3  
 a   5 
iii) Co-ordinates of Foci :
foci ≡ ( 0, ± be ) ⇒ Foci
Q-3) Find equation of ellipse in standard
 5 form of its vertices are ( ±4,0 ) and
≡  0, ± 3 × ⇒
 3  length of minor axis is 6.
x2 y2
(
Foci ≡ 0, ± 5 ) Ans. Let equation be 2 + 2 = 1 …( a > b )
a b
iv) Equation of directrices:
Vertices ≡ ( ±a,0 ) ≡ ( ±4,0 ) ⇒ a = 4
Equation of directrices are
3 length of minor axis = 2b = 6. ⇒ b = 3
y = ±b/e ⇒ y = ± ⇒
5 /3 x2 y2
Required equation is 2 + 2 = 1
9 4 3
y=± 2 2
5 x y
⇒ + =1
v) Length of L.R. 16 9
2a 2 2 × 4 8
= = = units Q-4) Find the equation of the following
b 3 3
ellipse whose foci are ( ±5,0 ) and
Q-2) Find the lengths of the axis, 5
eccentricity .
eccentricity, co-ordinates of the 8
foci, equation of directrices, length x2 y2
of latus-rectum, co-ordinates of the Ans. Let equation of ellipse be + =1
ends of latus rectum for each of a2 b2
foci ≡ ( ±ae,0 ) ≡ (± 5,0 )
x2 y2
ellipse + =1 5 5
25 9 ae = 5 and e = ⇒ a × = 5 ⇒a = 8
x2 y2 8 8
Ans. + =1
25 9
Ellipse & Hyperbola
Mahesh Tutorials Science 61

(
⇒ b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ⇒ ) Ans. Let the equation of the ellipse be
x2 y2
 25  + =1 …(i)
b2 = 82 1 − ⇒ a 2 b2
 64  a a 1
 64 − 25  Given 2 = 32 ⇒ = 16 But e =
2
b2 = 64   ⇒ b = 39
e e 2
 64  ⇒ a=8
x2 y2 Here
Equation of ellipse + =1
82  1 3
x2 y2
39
(  4
)
b2 = a 2 1 − e2 = 64 1 −  = 64   = 48
4
⇒. + =1
64 39 ⇒ a 2 = 64 and b2 = 48
from (i) the equation of the ellipse is
Q-5) Find the equation of the ellipse x2 y2
(referred to its principal axes) + =1
64 48
whose minor axis =8 and
3 Q-8) Find the equation of the ellipse
eccentricity =
5 (referred to its principal axes)
Ans. Let the equation of the ellipse be Distance between foci = minor axis,
x2 y2 latus rectum = 10.
+ =1 Ans. Let the equation of the ellipse be
a 2 b2
Since minor axis = 8 ⇒ 2b = 8 ⇒ b = x2 y2
+ =1 …(i)
3 a 2 b2
4 ⇒ eccentricity = e =
5 2ae = 2b ⇒ ae = b …(ii)
2
2 2
(
b = a 1− e ⇒2
) and
2b
= 10 …(iii)
a
 9  16a 2
16 = a 2 1 − = ⇒ a 2 = 25. From (ii) and (iii), we get a 2 = 100
 25  25
and b2 = 50
The equation of the ellipse
From (i), the equation of the ellipse is
x2 y2
+ =1 x2 y2
25 16 + =1
100 50
Q-6) Find the equation of the ellipse
(referred to its principal axes) such Q-9) Find the equation of the ellipse
that distance between foci = 2 and passing through ( 15, −1 ) and
vertices are ( ± 2,0 ) distance between whose foci is ‘8’.
Ans. Let equation of the ellipse Ans. ∵ Distance between foci = 8
x2 y2 ∴ 2 ae = 8
+ =1 ……..…(i) ae = 4
a 2 b2
Given 2ae = 2 ⇒ ∴ae = 1 ∵ Ellipse passes through 15, −1 , ( )
2 2
b = a 1− e( 2
)=a 2 2 2
− a e = 4 −1 = 3
∴
x2
+
y2
= 1 ,l
15
+
1
=1
2 2 2
Also a = 2 ⇒ a 2 = 4,b 2 = 3 a b a b2
put these values in (i), the equation of 15 1
+ =1
the ellipse is
x2 y 2
+ =1
a 2
(
a2 1 − e2 )
4 3 15 1
+ =1
a 2
 16 
Q-7) Find the equation of the ellipse a 2 1 − 2 
 a 
(referred to its principal axes)
Distance between directrices = 32 15 1
+ =1
and eccentricity =
1 a2 (
a 2 − 16 )
2
Ellipse & Hyperbola
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( )
15 a 2 − 16 + a 2 = a 2 a 2 − 16 ( ) x2
+
y2
=1 …(i)
2 2 4 2 a2 b2
15a − 240 + a = a − 16a a
a 4 − 32a 2 + 240 = 0 Given ae = 3 …(ii) and = 12
e
a 4 − 20a 2 − 12a 2 + 240 = 0 …(iii)
(a 2
)(
− 20 a − 12 = 0 2
) from (ii) and (iii) we get a 2 = 36 and
b2 = 27.
a 2 = 20 or a 2 = 12 Put these values in (i) the equation of
∴ b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ( ) the ellipse is
x2 y2
+ =1
b 2 = a 2 − a 2e 2 36 27
When a 2 = 20 , Q-12) Find eccentricity of the ellipse, if
b 2 = 20 − 16 its latus rectum = (1/2) major axis.
=4 Ans. Let the equation of the ellipse be
∴ equation of ellipse is,
x2 y2
x 2 y2 + = 1 major axis = 2a,
+ =1 a2 b2
20 4
2b2
If a 2 = 12 , eccentricity = e; Latus rectum =
a
b 2 = 12 − 16
2b2 1 a2
2
b = −4 ⇒ = ( 2a ) ⇒ b2 = ⇒
a 2 2
But b 2 ≠ −4 a2
Equation of ellipse is, (
b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ⇒
2
)
= a 2 1 − e2 ( )
x 2 y2
+ = 1 ⇒ x 2 + 5y 2 = 20 a2 1
20 4 ⇒
2
(
= a 2 1 − e2 ⇒ = 1 − e2 ⇒
2
) ( )
1 1
Q-10) Find the equation of the ellipse e2 = ⇒ e=
(referred to its principal axes) such 2 2
that latus rectum = 39/4 and 1 1
e2 = ⇒ e=
eccentricity = 5/8. 3 3
Ans. Let equation of the ellipse is
x2 y2 Q-13) Find eccentricity of the ellipse
+ =1 …(i)
a 2 b2 (referred to its principal axes) such
39 its Distance between
Since latus rectum = ...(ii) directrices=3(distance between its
4
foci)
5
and e = ...(iii) Ans. 2a 1
8 Here = 3 ( 2ae ) ⇒ 3e ⇒ 1 = 3e 2
e 3
2b2 39
= and 1 1
a 4 e2 = ⇒ e =
3 3
 25  2  39 
b2 = a 2 1 − =a  
 64   64  Q-14) Find focal distance of the point
2 2
We get a = 64 and b = 39 . (
A 5,4 3 on ellipse )
x2 y2 16x 2 + 25y 2 = 1600
Equation of the ellipse is + =1 Ans. The equation of ellipse is
64 39
x2 y2
Q-11) Find the equation of the ellipse 16x 2 + 25y 2 = 1600 ⇒ + =1
100 64
(referred to its principal axes) such
focus at (3,0) and whose directrix is ⇒ a 2 = 100 & b2 = 64 ⇒ a = 10 &
x = 12. b = 8 ⇒ ∴a > b
Ans. Let equation of the ellipse is
Ellipse & Hyperbola
Mahesh Tutorials Science 63

( )
b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ⇒
∴
4 4 5
= 1 − e2 ;e2 = 1 − ;e2 = ; e =
5
9 9 9 3
64 2 2
(
64 = 100 1 − e2 ; ) 100 = (1 − e )
eccentricity =
5
3
 64 
= 1 − 
 100  Q-16) P is any point on the ellipse
36 2 9 3 x2 y2
e2 = ;e = ;e = + = 1, S and S' are its foci.
100 25 5 25 9
a Find the perimeter of ∆SPS ' .
Equation of directrices are x = and
e Ans.
−a
x=
e
10 10 50
⇒ x= and x = − ⇒ x=
3/5 3/5 3
50
and x = −
3
50 50
⇒x − = 0 and x + =0 Given equation of ellipse is
3 3
50 x2 y2
5− + =1
3 3 = 7 units 25 9
⇒ SP = ePM =
5 12 S and S’ are foci. Here a 2 = 25,b2 = 9 ;
a2 − b 2 25 − 9 4
⇒ S'P = ePM' e= 2
= = ⇒
a 25 5
50
5+ 4
3
= . 3 = 3 × 15 + 50 = 13 units ae = 5. = 4
5 5 3 5
12
⇒ S ≡ (4,0) and S’ ≡ (-4,0)
If P is any point on ellipse SP = ePM
Q-15) The length of latus rectum of the ⇒ SP = ePM & SP ' = ePM'
parabola y 2 = 4x is equal to length ∴ SP + S'P = e ( PM + PM') = e ( ZZ ')
2a
of m in or axis of ellipse. If ( 3,0 ) is =e = 2a = 2 × 5 = 10
e
one vertex of this ellipse, find
equation of ellipse. Also find its 4
SS' = 2ae = 2 × 5 × = 8
eccentricity. 5
Ans. Perimeter of ∆SPS' = SP + S'P + SS' =
The equation of parabola is y 2 = 4x
10 + 8 = 18 units.
⇒ 4A = 4 ⇒ A = 1
length of latus rectum = 4A = 4 x 1 = Q-17) P and Q are two points on the
4
Length of minor axis = 4 ⇒ 2b = 4 ⇒ x2 y2
ellipse +
= 1, such that seg
b=2 a 2 b2
Also (3,0) is one vertex of ellipse a = 3 PQ subtends a right angle at the
x2 y2 centre O of the ellipse. Show that
Equation of ellipse is 2 + 2 = 1 ⇒ 1 1 1 1
3 2 + = 2+ 2.
2 2
x 2
y 2 ΟΡ ΟQ a b
+ − 1 (∵ a > b )
9 4
( ) (
b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 ; 4 = 9 1 − e 2 )

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Ans. Y Ans. Y
Y Q d' d
P P
(90+ ) M' M
X
A' O A X
O Z' S' S Z
(a/e,0)
(-a/e,0)

The equation of the ellipse is

Seg PQ subtends a right angle at the
x 2 y2
centre O, ∴ the line OP ⊥ OQ. If line + =1
OP makes an angle α with the x-axis, a 2 b2
Its foci are S (ae,0 ) and S ′(− ae ,0 ) .
then OQ makes an angle 90 + α with
the x-axis. The equation of its directrices are
x = ±a / e
 ( OP ) = r1 &  ( OQ) = r2 . Then
Let PM and PM’ be the length of the ⊥
P ≡ ( r1 cos α ,r1 sin α ) and from P on the directrices.
( ( )
Q ≡ r2 cos 90 + α , r2 sin 90 + α ( )) a cos θ −
a
e and
≡ ( −r2 sin α + r2 cos α ) Then, PM =
1
Now P lies on the ellipse
x 2 y2 2  cos α sin2 α 
2
a
+ = 1, ⇒ r  +  =1 a cos θ +
a 2 b2
1  a2 b 2  e
  PM ' =
2 2 1
cos α sin α 1
⇒ 2
+ 2
= 2⇒
a b r1 By the focus – directrix property of
1 cos 2 α sin2 α the ellipse.
= + …(i) SP = ePM & S ' P = ePM ' where e < 1
OP 2 a2 b2
Similarly Q lies on the ellipse ∴ SP = e a cos θ − a / e = a e cos θ − 1
x 2 y2 2  sin α
2
cos 2 α  = a (1 − e cos θ)
+ = 1 , ⇒ r 2 
 +  =1
a 2 b2  a
2
b 2  S ′P = e a cos θ + a / e
sin2 α cos 2 α 1 = a e cos θ + 1 = a (1 + e cos θ)
⇒ + = 2 ⇒
a 2
b 2
r2 (i) SP .S ' P = a (1 − e cos θ) = a (1 + e cos θ)
1
=
sin2 α cos 2 α
+ …(ii)
( )
= a 2 1 − e 2 cos 2 θ = a 2 − a 2e 2 cos 2 θ
OQ 2 a2 b2 (
= a − a − b cos 2 θ
2 2 2
)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get (∴ a 2e 2 = a 2 − b 2 )
1 1 cos 2 α + sin2 α sin2 α + cos 2 α = a 2 − a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ
+ = +
ΟΡ 2 ΟQ 2 a2 b2 ( )
= a 2 1 − cos 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ
1 1 1 1
∴ 2
+ 2
= 2+ 2 = a sin θ + b cos 2 θ.
2 2 2
ΟΡ ΟQ a b
ii)
SP + S ' P = a (1 − e cos θ) + a (1 + e cos θ)
Q-18) P (θ ) is a point on ellipse = a − ae cos θ + a + ae cos θ
2 2
x y = 2a
2
+ 2 = 1, whose foci are S & S '
a b
prove that x 2 y2
Q-19) S is focus of the ellipse + =1
(i) SP .S ' P = a 2 sin2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ 4 3
(ii) SP + S ' P = 2a corresponding to directrix x = 4 .
Find the equation of the circle
which passes through S, centre of
the ellipse and the point (3,3) .
Ans. Comparing we get a 2 = 4 , b 2 = 3

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Mahesh Tutorials Science 65

a 2 − b2 4 − 3 1 1 Q-21) If A and B are two fixed points such

e2 = 2
= = ⇒ ∴e = ⇒ that l (AB)=6. Then show the locus
a 4 4 2
of the point P which moves so that
1 l(PA) + l(PB) = 8 is an ellipse
ae = 2  = 1
2 Ans. Let A ≡ ( 3,0 ) and B ≡ ( −3,0 )
Focus S (ae,0 ) ≡ (1,0 )
Let P ≡ ( x1, y1 )
Let required equation of the circle be
∵ l(PA) + l(PB) = 8
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 … (i)
Since it passes through centre O(0,0); ( x1 − 3 )2 + (y1 − 0 )2 +
focus S(1,0) and (3,3)
⇒ c = 0 … (ii) ( x1 + 3 )2 + (y1 − 0 )2 = 8
⇒ 1 + 0 + 2g + 0 + 0 = 0 ⇒ 2g = −1 ⇒ ( x1,3 )2 + y12 =8− ( x1 + 3)2 + y12
−1
g= …(iii) Squaring both sides,
2
⇒ 9 + 9 + 6g + 6 f + 0 = 0 ⇒
( x1 − 3 )2 + y12 = 64 − 16
−5
6g + 6 f = 0 ⇒ f =
2 ( x1 + 3 )2 + y12 + ( x1 + 3 )2 + y12
Equation of required circle
x12 − 6x1 + 9 + y12 = 64 − 16
 −1 −5
is x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2 y + 0 = 0
 2   2  ( x1 + 3)2 + y12 + 6x12 + 6x1 + 9 + y12
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − x − 5y = 0 −12x1 − 64 = −16 x12 + 6x1 + 9 + y12
Dividing by -4,
Q-20) Find the Cartesian co-ordinates of
3x1 + 16 = 4 x12 + 6x1 + 9 + y12
the point ( )
P 60 lying on the
Squaring both sides,
x 2 y2
ellipse +
25 9
=1 and the (
9x12 + 96x12 + 256 = 16 x12 + 6x12 + 9 + y12 )
eccentric angle of the point 9x11 + 96x12 + 256 =
 5 3 
Q  , 
 2 2 16x12 + 96x1 + 144 + 16y12
Ans. (i) Comparing a = 5, b = 3 ; Given that 7x12 + 16y12 = 112

θ = 60 x12 y12
5 + =1
x = a cos θ = 5 cos 60 = & 16 7
2 ∴ equation of locus of P is an ellipse,
3 3 x 2 y2
y = b sin θ = 3 sin 60 = + =1
2 16 7
5 3 3 
Cartesian co-ordinates are  , 

2 2 Q-22) Prove that when m varies the point
 
of intersection of the lines
5
(ii) x = a cos θ = 5 cos θ = ⇒ x 3 − y − 4m 3 = 0 &
2
1 3mx + my − 4 3 = 0
cos θ =
2 x2 y2
then its locus is − = 1.
3 16 48
y = b sin θ = 3 sin θ =
2
Ans. Let P ( x1, y1 ) be the point of
1 intersection of the lines
⇒ sin θ =
2 x 3 − y − 4m 3 = 0
Hence θ = 45 and 3mx + my − 4 3 = 0
⇒ x1 3 − y1 − 4m 3 = 0
Ellipse & Hyperbola
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& 3mx1 + my1 − 4 3 = 0 Q-24) If C is the centre, S and S ′ are the

⇒ x1 3 − y1 = 4m 3 …(i) x2 y2
foci of the hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1
and 3mx1 + my1 = 4 3 … (ii) a b
and P is any point on it, Prove that
x1 3 − y1
∴ m= SP .S ′P = CP 2 − a 2 + b 2 .
4m 3
The centre C is (
Put this value in equation (ii) Ans. 0,0 )
.
 x 3 − y1   x 3 − y1 
Let ( 1 1 ) be the point on the
P x ,y
3 1  x1 +  1
 4m 3  1
y
∴  4m 3 
    hyperbola.
2 2
=4 3 ∴CP 2 = x12 + y12 and x1 − y1 = 1
∴ 3x12 − 3 x1y1 + 3 x1y1 − y12 = 48 a 2 b2
∴ 3x12 − y12 = 48 x12 y12
2
= 1 +
∴ a b2
⇒ Locus of P ( x1, y1 ) is 3x 2 − y 2 = 48
SP = ex1 − a S ′P = ex1 + a
x 2 y2 and
i.e. − =1
16 48 SP .S ′P = ex1 − a ex1 + a = e 2x12 − a 2
 a 2 + b2  2 2  a 2 + b2 
Q-23) If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities =  x − a ∵ e 2
= 
 a2  1  a 2 
x2 y2   
of hyperbolas − = 1 and  x2 
a2 b2 = x12 + b 2  12  − a 2
y2 x2 a 
− =1 respectively. Show  
b2 a2  y2 
1 1 = x12 + b 2 1 + 12  − a 2
− = 1.  b 
 
e12 e 22
= x12 + b 2 + y12 − a 2
x2 y2
Ans. e1 is the eccentricity of − = 1.
a2 b2 ( )
= x12 + y12 − a 2 + b 2

( )
∴b 2 = a 2 e12 −1 ⇒ b 2 = a 2 e12 −1 ( ) = CP 2 − a 2 + b 2
∴b 2 = a 2e12 − a 2 ⇒ a 2 + b 2 = a 2e12
Q-25) The x-co-ordinate of a point can be
a 2 + b2 expressed as 3-times the sum of a
∴ e12 = …(i)
a2 non zero number and its reciprocal
y2 x2 and y-co-ordinate of the point can
e 2 is eccentricity of − =1 be written as 2 times the
b2 a2 difference of that number and its
∴a 2 = b 2 e22 −1 ( ) reciprocal. Show that all such
points lie on a curve. Identify the
∴a 2 = b 2e 22 − b 2 curve.
∴a 2 + b 2 = b 2e 22 Ans. Let t be that non zero real number
and let P ( x , y ) be the point
a 2 + b2
∴ e 22 = …(ii)  1  1
a2 Now x = 3  t +  and y = 2  t − 
1 1 1 1  t  t
+ = + 1 x 1 y
e12 e 22  a 2 + b2   a 2 + b2  ∴ t + = ,t − =
 2   2  t 3 t 2
 a   b  We know that
a 2 + b2 1  1
2
= =1 t2 + = t +  − 2
a 2 + b2 t2  t
2 2 2
1 1 a b 1  1
∴ + = 1, = + and t 2 + = t −  + 2
e12 e22 a +b 2 2
a +b 2 2
t2  t
Ellipse & Hyperbola
Mahesh Tutorials Science 67

x2 y2 y +1 = ±
b
∴ −9= +2
9 4 e
x 2 y2 y +1 = ±
3
− =4
9 4 5
x 2 y2 3
i.e. − =1
36 16 3
y = −1 ±
This shows that ( x , y ) lies on the 5
x 2 y2
curve − = 1 and curve is GROUP-(B): CLASSWORK PROBLEMS
36 16 Q-1) Find equation of the tangent to the
hyperbola.
ellipse x 2 + 4y 2 = 100 at ( 8,3 )
Q-26) Find the centre, co-ordinates of x2 y2
the foci and the equations of axes Ans. Equation of the ellipse + =1
100 25
and the directrices for the Equation of the tangent to the given
2 2
hyperbola. 3y − 2x + 6y + 8x − 11 = 0 xx yy
ellipse at (8,3) is 21 + 21 = 1
Ans. 3y 2 − 2x 2 + 6y + 8x − 11 = 0 a b
8x 3y
3y 2 + 6y − 2x 2 + 8x − 11 = 0 i.e. + =1
100 25
( ) (
3 y 2 + 2y + 1 − 2 x 2 − 4x + 4 ) ⇒
2x 3y
+ =1
= 11 + 3 − 8 25 25
2 2 ⇒ 2x + 3y = 25
3 ( y + 1) − 2 ( x − 2) = 6
( y + 1)2 − ( x − 2)2 =1
Q-2) Find equation of the tangent to the
2 3 ellipse 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144 at
For hyberbola, (4 cos θ, 3 sin θ).
a 2 = 2 , b2 = 3 x 2 y2
Ans. Equation of the ellipse is + =1
(
b2 = a 2 e 2 − 1 ) 16 9

(
2 = 3 e2 − 1 ) Equation of the tangent to the given
ellipse at (4 cos θ, 3 sin θ ).
2 = 3e2 − 3
xx yy
3e2 = 5 ⇒ 21 + 21 = 1 ⇒
a b
e2 = 5 4 cos θ.x 3 sin θ
3 + =1
i) For centre : 16 9
x − 2 = 0 and y + 1 = 0 ⇒ 3cos θ x + 4sin θ y = 12
x = 2 and y = 1
Q-3) Find equation of tangent to ellipse
9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144 at point L, where L
∴ centre ≡ ( 2, −1)
ii) For foci : is end of Latus Rectum in 1st
Quadrant
x − 2 = 0 and y = −1 ± 3 × 5 x 2 y2
3 Ans. 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144 ⇒ + =1
16 9
x = 2 and y = −1 ± 5
∴ a 2 = 16 & b 2 = 9 ⇒ a = 4 & b = 3
∴ foci ≡ 2, −1 ± 5( ) (
b2 = a 2 1 − e 2 )
iii) Axes are,
x − 2 = 0 and y + 1 = 0 9 = 16 − 16e 2
iv) Equations of directries, 16e 2 = 7

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7 x 1 y 1
e2 = . + . =1
16 a 2 b 2
7 x y bx + ay
e= + = 1⇒ = 1⇒
4 a 2 b 2 ab 2
 b2  bx + ay = ab 2
∴ L ≡  ae , 
 a 
 This is equation of required tangent
 9
≡  7,  Q-5) Show that the equation of the locus
 4
of the mid point of the portion of a
Equation of tgf is
x2 y2
xx1 yy1 tangent to the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1
+ 2 =1 a b
a2 b
intercepted by the co-ordinate axis
9
y× a 2 b2
x 7 4 =1 is 2 + 2 = 4 .
∴ +
16 a x y
7x y x 2 y2
+ =1 Ans. The equation of ellipse is + =1
16 4 a 2 b2
7x + 4y = 16 Let P (θ) be any point on ellipse.
∴Equation of tangent at P
Q-4) A tangent to b 2 x 2 + a 2y 2 = a 2b 2 cuts x cos θ y sin θ
is + =1
the co-ordinate axis A and B and a b
touches the ellipse in the first This tangent meet x- axis suppose at A
quadrant at the mid-point of AB. and y- axis at B.
Show that its equation is  a   b 
A ≡  , 0  and B ≡  0, 
bx + ay = ab 2 .  cos θ   sin θ 
x2 y2 Let M ≡ (x1 ,y1 ) be point on locus
Ans. The equation of ellipse is 2
+ 2
=1
a b ∴ M is mid point of AB
Let equation of tangent at By mid point formula
x cos θ y sin θ a b
P (θ ) ∴ + = 1 …(i) +0 0+
a b cos θ sin θ
x1 = and y1 =
 a  2 2
Tangent meet x axis at A ≡  ,0 a b
 cos θ  x1 = and ∴ y1 =
 b  2 cos θ 2 sin θ
Tangent meet y axis at B ≡  0,  a b
 sin θ  cos θ = and sin θ =
2 x1 2 y1
P (a cos θ,b sin θ ) is mid point of AB
a b cos 2θ + sin 2 θ = 1
+0 0+ 2 2
cos θ sin θ  a   b 
a cos θ = & b sin θ = ∴   +   = 1
2 2  2 x1   2y1 
a b
a cos θ = & b sin θ = a2 b2 a2 b2
2 cos θ 2 sin θ ∴ 2
+ 2
= 4 ⇒ ∴ + =4
4x 1 4y1 x12 y12
1 1
⇒ cos2 θ = & sin2 θ = ∴ Equation of locus of M ≡ (x1 ,y1 ) is
2 2
1 1 a 2 b2
⇒ cos θ = ± & sin θ = ± + =4
2 2 x 2 y2
but P lies in first quadrant∴ θ is acute
1 1
∴cos θ = & sin θ =
2 2
Hence equation of tangent becomes

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x2 y2 Let P1 be the ⊥r distance between

Q-6) A tangent to ellipse + =1
a 2 b2 (0, ae) and tangent,
meets the co-ordinate axes at L and
m ( 0 ) − (ae ) + a 2m 2 + b 2
M respectively. If a tangent to P1 =
x2 y 2 m2 + 1
ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 meets the
a b
a 2m 2 + b 2 − ae
co-ordinate axes at L and M =
respectively. If CL = p , CM = q where m2 + 1
C is centre of ellipse. Show that Let P2 be the ⊥r distance between
a 2 b2 (0, ae) and tangent,
+ =1
p2 q 2
2 2
m ( 0 ) + (ae ) + a 2m 2 + b 2
x y P2 =
Ans. The equation of ellipse is =1 2
+ m2 + 1
a b2
Equation of tangent at P ( x1 , y1 ) is a 2m 2 + b 2 + ae
=
xx1 yy1
+ =1 m2 + 1
2 2
a b
It meet x axis in point L.⇒ put y = 0  a 2m 2 + b 2 − ae 
∴ P12 + P22 =  +
a2  a2   m 2
+ 1 
xx1
= 1⇒ x = ⇒  
L ≡  ,0 

a2 x1  x1   a 2m 2 + b 2 + ae 
2

Tangent also meet Y-axis ⇒ put x = 0  

 m 2
+ 1 
in the equation of tangent  
yy1 b2  b2  a 2m 2 + b 2 + 2ae a 2m 2 + b 2 + a 2e 2
= 1 ⇒ y = ⇒ M ≡  0,  +
b2 y1  y1  m2 + 1
Centre ≡ ( 0,0 ) 2a m + 2b + 2a 2e 2
2 2 2
=
a 2
b 2 m2 + 1
p = CL = ; q = CM =
x1 y1
=
(
2a 2m 2 + 2a 2 1 − e 2 + 2a 2e 2 )
a2 b2 a2 b2 x12 y12 m2 + 1
∴ + = + = + 2a 2m 2 + 2a 2 − 2a 2e 2 + 2a 2e 2
p2 q2  a2 
2
 b2 
2
a2 b2 =
    m2 + 1
 x1   y1 

=
a2 b2
+ =1 =
(
2a 2 m 2 + 1
= 2a 2
)
p2 q 2 m +1 2

x 2 y2 P12 + P22 = constant

∵ (x1,y1 ) lies on ellipse + =1
a2 b2
2 2
x1 y Q-8) P and Q are two points on the
2
+ 12 = 1 Hence proved.
a b x2 y2
ellipse + = 1 such that their
25 16
Q-7) Prove that the sum of the squares of
π
the perpendiculars drawn on any eccentric angles differ by . Show
tangent to the ellipse 2
that the locus of the point of
b 2x 2 + a 2y 2 = a 2b 2 , from the point intersection of the tangents drawn
( 0,ae ) and ( 0, −ae ) is constant. from P and Q is also an ellipse
Ans. For ellipse b 2x 2 + a 2y 2 = a 2b 2 , x 2 y2
given by + = 2.
Equation of tangent is, 25 16
y = mx + a 2m 2 + b 2
Ellipse & Hyperbola
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x 2 y2 x1 y1
Ans. Equation of ellipse is + = 1 …(i) ∴ 2
x+ y − 1 = 0 …(ii)
25 16 a b2
∴ a 2 = 25, b 2 = 16 ⇒ a = 5, b = 4 Equation (i) and (ii) represent same
lines
π 
Let P (θ) and Q  + θ  be points on  x 1   y1 
 2   2  2
 a   b  −1 x y −1
ellipse such that their eccentric angle = = ⇒ 21 = 21 =
l m n a l b m n
π
differ by . x −1 y −1
2 ⇒ 21 = and 21 =
∴ Equation of tangent at P and Q are a l n b m n
2
x cos θ y sin θ −a l − b 2m
+ . =1 ⇒ x1 = and y1 =
a b n n
π  π   − a 2l b 2m 
x cos  + θ  y sin  + θ  ∴Ρ ≡  
 2 +  2 . =1  n , n 
and  
a b ∴P (x1,y1 ) lies on line on line
x cos θ y sin θ
⇒ + . = 1 …(ii) lx + my + n = 0
5 4
∴ lx 1 + my1 + n = 0
− x sin θ y cos θ
and + . = 1 ……(iii)  −a 2l   −b 2m 
5 4 ∴l   +m   +n = 0 ⇒
   n   n 
π  π     
∵cos  2 + θ  = − sin θ ;sin  2 + θ  = cos θ 
      − a 2l 2 − b 2m 2
+ +n = 0
To find the locus of point of n n
intersection of tangents ∴ − a 2l 2 − b 2m 2 + n 2 = 0 ⇒
(ii) and (iii) we have to eliminate θ,
n 2 = a 2l 2 + b 2m 2
∴ Squaring and adding equations (ii)
and (iii) a 2l 2 + b 2m 2 = n 2 . Hence proved.
2
 x cosθ y sin θ  2  −x sinθ y cos θ   − a 2l − b 2m 
 + . + +  =2 Point of contact ≡  , 

 5 4   5 4   n n 
x 2 cos2 θ 2xy.cos θ .sin θ y 2 sin2 θ
+ +
25 20 16 Q-10) If x cos a + y sin α = p is a tangent to
2 2 2 2
x sin θ 2xy. sin θ. cos θ y cos θ b 2 x 2 + a 2y 2 = a 2b 2 show that
+ + + =2
25 20 16 a 2 cos 2 α + b 2 sin2 α = p 2
2 2
x y
25
[cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ +]16
[ ]
sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 2 Ans. Let x cos a + y sin α = p be tangent to
x 2 y2
x 2
y 2 ellipse + = 1 at
∴
25 16
+ (
= 2 … ∵sin2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1 ) a 2 b2
P (x1,y1 ) .
This is equation of required locus.
but equation of tangent at (x1,y1 ) is
Q-9) If lx + my + n = 0 is a tangent to xx1 yy1
+ 2 =1
ellipse b 2 x 2 + a 2y 2 = a 2b 2 then show a2 b
∴ x cos α + y sin α = p …(i)
a 2l 2 + b 2m 2 = n 2 Also find its point
x1 y
of contact. 2
x + 12 y − 1 = 0 …(ii)
a b
Ans. Let line lx + my + n = 0 is tangent to
(i) and (ii) are the equations of same
x 2 y2 lines.
ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 at P (x1, y1 )
a b  x1   y1 
 2  2
Equation of tangent at (x1 , y1 ) is
⇒ 
a  b  1
= =
xx1 yy1 cos α sin α p
+ 2 =1
a2 b x y 1
⇒ 2 1 = 2 1 =
∴ lx + my + n = 0 …(i) a cos α b sin α p
Ellipse & Hyperbola
Mahesh Tutorials Science 71

x1 1 y 1
⇒ 2
= and 2 1 =
a cos α p b sin α p
a 2 cos α b 2 sin α
⇒ x1 = and y1 = −16k 2 = −400 ⇒ k 2 = 25 ⇒ k = ±5
p p
 a 2 cos α b 2 sin α  Q-13) Find equation of tangent to ellipse
⇒ P ≡  , 

 p p  x2 −1
+ y 2 = 1 having slope is
∵ P (x1,y1 ) lies on line 4 2
x cos α + y sin α = p 2 2
x y
Ans. Equation of ellipse is + =1
⇒ x1 cos α + y1 sin α = p 4 1
a 2 cos α b 2 sin α ⇒ a 2 = 4,b2 = 1 ⇒ a = 2,b = 1
⇒ . cos α + . sin α = p
Ρ Ρ −1
slope of tangent m =
⇒ a 2 cos α + b 2 sin α = p 2 . Hence 2
proved Equation of ellipse is in the form
x2 y2
+ =1
Q-11) Show that the line x + 3 2y = 9 is a 2 b2
then equation of tangents is
x2 y2
tangent to the ellipse + =1
9 4 y = mx ± a 2m2 + b2
Ans. Here a 2 = 9, b2 = 4 2
−1  −1 
∴y = x ± 4  +1
Equation of the line x + 3 2y = 9 2  2 
−x 9 1 −1
⇒ y= + ⇒ m=− and ∴y = x ± 1+1
3 2 3 2 3 2 2
9 3 −1
c= = ∴y = x± 2
3 2 2 2
Now y = mx + c is tangent to the ∴ 2y + x = ±2 2
ellipse if c2 = a 2m2 + b2 x + 2y = ±2 2
2
 3  9
⇒ c2 =   = and
 2 2 Q-14) Find equations of tangent to the

 1  1 4 9
2 x2 y2
2 2 2 ellipse + = 1, parallel to
a m + b = 9−  +4 = + = 144 25
 3 2 2 1 2
x + y −3 = 0
Hence c2 = a 2m2 + b2 Ans. Slope of the line x + y − 3 = 0 …(i)
∴ The line is tangent to the ellipse. is -1
Slope of the tangent line parallel to (i)
Q-12) Find k , if the line x + y + k = 0 is -1
touches the ellipse x 2 + 4y 2 = 20. ∴ Equation of the tangent line is
Ans. The line x + y + k = 0 y = mx ± a 2m2 + b2
⇒ put x = − y − k in x 2 + 4y 2 = 20. m = −1,a 2 = 144,b2 = 25
2 y = − x ± 144 + 25
⇒ ( − y − k ) + 4y 2 = 20.
⇒ y 2 + 2ky + k 2 + 4y 2 − 20 = 0 y = − x ± 169 ⇒ y = − x ± 13
x + y + 13 = 0 and x + y − 13 = 0
(
⇒ 5y 2 + 2ky + k 2 − 20 = 0 )
Since the line touch the ellipse
This equation has two equal roots

∴ ∆=0
Ellipse & Hyperbola
72 Mahesh Tutorials Science

Q-15) Find the equation of the tangents −1

Q-17) A tangent having slope to the
x2 y2 2
to the ellipse + = 1 making
64 36 ellipse 3x 2 + 4y 2 = 12 interacts
equal intercepts on the co-ordinate the x and y axes in the point A and
axes.
B respectively. If O is the origin,
x2 y2 find the area of the ∆OAB .
Ans. + = 1 ⇒ a 2 = 64,b2 = 36,
64 36 Ans. The equation of the ellipse is
Tangents making equal intercepts x2 y2
( k,0 ) & ( 0,k ) on the co-ordinate axes. + = 1 ⇒ a 2 = 4, b2 = 3 …..(i)
4 3
k −0 −1
⇒ Slope = = −1 Given slope of the tangent is m =
0−k 2
The equation of the tangent line is The equation of the tangents with
y = mx ± a 2m2 + b2 slope m are y = mx ± a 2m 2 + b 2
2 2
y = − x ± 64 ( −1) + 36 1  1
Here y = − x ± 4 −  + 3 ⇒
y = − x ± 100 2  2
y = − x ± 10 1 1
y = − x ± 1+ 3 ⇒ y = − x ± 4
⇒ Equations of tangents be 2 2
x + y + 10 = 0 and x + y − 10 = 0 1
y = − x ± 2 ⇒ 2y = −x ± 4 ⇒
2
x + 2y = ±4
Q-16) If the line y = mx + a 2m2 + b2
Let the tangent x + 2y = ±4 meet the
touches the ellipse
x-axis in A and y-axis in B.
b2 x 2 + a 2 y 2 = a 2b2 at ∴ x = ±4 ⇒ A = (± 4,0 ) ⇒
P ( a cos θ ,b sin θ ) show that 2y = ±4 ⇒ B = ( 0, ±2)
−b 1 1
tan θ = A( ∆ OAB)= l (OA ) × l (OB ) = × 4 × 2
am 2 2
x2 y2 = 4 square units.
Ans. The equation of ellipse is + =1
a 2 b2
and P (a cos θ, b sin θ ) is on ellipse. Q-18) The line x − y − 5 = 0 touches the
Equation of tangent to ellipse at P is ellipse whose foci are S ≡ (3,0 ) &
x cos θ y sin θ S ≡ (− 3,0 ) . Find the equation of the
+ =1 …(i)
a b ellipse
− cos θ Ans. Let the equation of the ellipse
−b x2 y2
∴ slope of tangent = a = cot θ . be 2 + 2 = 1 …(i)
sin θ a a b
b The foci of the ellipse are ( ±ae,0 ) ⇒
But equation of tangent at P is
ae = 3 …(ii)
y = mx + a 2m2 + b2 …(ii)
∴ slope of tangent = m
( )
b2 = a 2 1 − e2 = a 2 − a 2e2 = a 2 − 9
Equation (i) and (ii) represent same Now slope of the given tangent is
tangent m =1
∴ slopes are equal ∴

∴m=
−b
cot θ ⇒
−am
=
1
⇒
2
( )
a2m2 + b2 = a2 (1) + a2 − 9 = 2a2 − 9
a b tan θ But line x − y − 5 = 0 condition for
b −b
tan θ = = tangency
−am am
c 2 = a 2m 2 + b 2 ⇒ 2a 2 = 34 ⇒ a 2 = 17
from b 2 = 17 − 9 = 8

Ellipse & Hyperbola

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x 2 y2 y1 = mx1 ± a 2m 2 + b 2
Equation of the ellipse is + =1
17 8 …(i)
slope of tangent = m
Q-19) Find the equation of tangent to the −1
⇒ slope of OP =
x 2 y2 m
ellipse + = 1 from (3,-2).
7 4 −1
Equation of OP is y = x
x 2 y2 m
Ans. The equation of ellipse is + =1
7 4 −1
∵ P (x1,y1 ) lies on OP ⇒ y1 = x1 ⇒
⇒ a 2 = 7, b 2 = 4 ⇒ a = 7 ,b = 2 m
Equation of ellipse is in the form − x1
m= …(ii)
x 2 y2 y1
+ =1
a 2 b2 Put in (i) ⇒
Let equation of tangents 2
 −x   −x 
2
be y = mx ± a m + b 2 2 y1 =  1  x1 + a 2  1  + b2
 y1   y1 
This passes through (3,-2) ⇒
− x12 a 2 x12 + b2 y12
−2 = 3m ± 7m2 + 4 ⇒ y1 = +
y1 y12
⇒ − 2 − 3m = ± 7m 2 + 4
4 + 12m + 9m 2 = 7m 2 + 4 ⇒ y12 = − x12 + a 2 x12 + b2 y12
2m 2 + 12m = 0 ⇒ x12 + y12 = a 2 x12 + b2 y12
∴ m 2 + 6m = 0 2
∴ m (m + 6) = 0 (
⇒ x12 + y12 ) = a 2 x12 + b2 y12
∴ m = 0 or m = −6 ⇒ Equation of locus of P ( x1, y1 ) is
If m = 0 and line passing through 2
(3,-2) then equation of tangent is (x 2
+ y2 ) = a 2 x 2 + b2 y 2 .
y − (−2) = −6(x − 3)
y +2= 0 Q-21) At the point P on the circle
If m = −6 and line passing through x 2 + y 2 = a 2 and the point Q on the
(3,-2) then equation of tangent is
x2 y2
y − (−2) = −6(x − 3) ellipse +
= 1 tangents drawn
y + 2 = −6x + 18 a 2 b2
to respective curves. If x-
6x + y = 16
coordinates of P and Q are the
∴ Required equations are y + 2 = 0 same, Prove that two tangents will
and 6x + y = 16 intersect at the point on the x-axis
Ans. Let P ≡ (a cos θ ,sin θ ) and
Q-20) Show that the locus of the foot of
Q ≡ (a cos θ ,b sin θ )
the perpendicular drawn from the
∴ equation of tangent at P to circle,
ellipse b 2 x 2 + a 2y 2 = a 2b 2 to any
x cos θ + y sin θ = a
(
tangent is x 2 + y 2 )
2
= a 2 x 2 + b 2y 2 . x cos θ + y sin θ = 1 …………..(i)
x 2 y2 a a
Ans. The equation of ellipse is 2 + 2 = 1
a b ∴ equation of tangent at Q to ellipse.
Equation of a tangent with slope m x cos θ y sin θ
+ = 1 ………….. (ii)
is, y = mx ± a 2m 2 + b 2 a b
Let P (x1,y1 ) be the foot of the Subtract Equation (i) and (ii),
perpendicular from centre (0,0 ) on y sin θ y sin θ
− =0
tangent. a b
P (x1,y1 ) lies on tangent⇒

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1 1
y sin θ  −  = 0
a b 
y sin θ = 0
y =0
∴ tangents drawn to circle at point P
and intersects the tangent drawn to
ellipse at point Q at point on x-axis

Q-22) The sum of focal distance at any Let S and S ′ be the foci of the ellipse
point on the ellipse is constant.
S ≡ (ae,0 ) ; S ′ ≡ (ae,0 )
OR
If S and S1 are the foci of the Let y = mx + a 2m 2 +b 2 be tangent to
x 2 y2 ellipse.
ellipse + = 1 . & If P is any Draw SM and S ′M ′ perpendicular to
a 2 b2
point on the ellipse, then prove tangent.
that l (SP ) + l (S1P ) = 2a Let l (SM ) = P1;l (SM
′ ′) = P2 ;
Let S and S1 be focus of the ellipse Let P1 = perpendicular distance of
Ans. x 2 y2 mx −y + a 2m 2 +b 2 = 0 from S (ae,0)
+ = 1 … (a > b )
a 2 b2
a m (ae ) + (− 1).0 + a 2m 2 + b 2
P1 = =
⇒ equation of directrix are x = ±
m 2 + (− 1)
2
e
a
Draw seg PM ⊥ to directrix x = m (ae ) + a 2m 2 + b 2
e
−a m2 +1
and seg PM ′ ⊥ to directrix x =
e P2 = perpendicular distance
By focus directrix property of S ′ ( −ae ,0 ) from line
SP = e.PM & S ' P = e.P ' M
l (SP ) + l (S ′P ) = e.l (PM ) + e.l (PM ′) mx −y + a 2m 2 +b 2 = 0
= e.[l (PM ) + e.l (PM ′)]
m ( −ae ) + ( −1) . ( 0 ) + a 2m 2 + b 2
2a =
= e.[l (MM ′)] = e. = 2a m 2 + ( −1)
2
e
∴ l (SP ) + l (S ′P ) = 2a
∴In an ellipse sum of focal distances
−m (ae )+ a 2m 2 + b 2
=
at any point on ellipse is constant. m 2 +1

Q-23) The product of the lengths of the m (ae ) + a 2m 2 + b 2 − m (ae ) + a 2m 2 + b 2

P1P2 =
perpendicular segments from the m2 + 1 m2 +1
foci on any tangent to a ellipse a 2m 2 + b 2 + mae a 2m 2 + b 2 − mae
x 2 y2 P1P2 =
2
+ 2 = 1 is b 2 . 1 + m2 1 + m2
a b
 a 2m 2 + b 2 + mae  a 2m 2 + b 2 − mae 
Ans. x2 y2
The equation of ellipse is 2 + 2 = 1 P1P2 =   
a b 1 + m2
… (a > b ) a 2m 2 + b 2 − m 2a 2e 2
= =
1+ m2
(
a 2m 2 + b 2 − m 2 a 2 − b 2 )
1 + m2

P1P2 =
2
( =
)
a m 2 1 − e 2 + b 2 m 2b 2 + b 2
1 + m2 1 + m2
( (
∵a 2 1 − e 2 = b2) )
Ellipse & Hyperbola
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∴The Product of the lengths of the Ans.

perpendicular segments from the foci
x2 y2
on any tangent to ellipse 2 + 2 = 1
a b
is b 2 .

Q-24) Find the equation of the tangents

to the ellipse 2x 2 + 3y 2 = 5 which
are perpendicular to the line
3x + 2y + 7 = 0 Let P ≡ (a cos θ ,a sin θ ) and
Ans. Equation of Ellipses,
Q ≡ ( −a cos θ , −a sin θ )
2x 2 + 3y 2 = 5
Let R ≡ (a cos α ,a sin α )
2x 2 3y 2
+ =1 b ( sin α − sin θ )
5 5 Slope of PR =
a ( cos α − cos θ )
x 2 y2
+ =1 b ( sin α + sin θ )
5 5 Slope of QR =
2 3 a ( cos α + cos θ )
2
∴ a = 5 , b2 = 5
2 3 ∴ Slope of PR × Slope of QR
Slope of 3x + 2y + 7 = 0 is − 3 b ( sin α − sin θ ) b ( sin α + sin θ )
2 = ×
2 a ( cos α − cos α ) a ( cos α + cos θ )
∴ Slope of tangents is, m =
∴ equation of tangent is,
3
=
(
a 2 sin2 α − sin2 θ )
y = mx ± a 2m 2 + b 2
a2 (cos 2
α − cos2 θ)

2
y= x±
5 4 5
× + =
( 2 2
b 2 1 − cos α − 1 + cos θ )
3 2 9 3 a2 cos2 α − cos2 θ
2
y= x±
10 5
+
=
b2
×
( cos2 α − cos2 θ ) =−
b2
3 9 3
a2 cos2 α − cos2 θ a2
2 10 + 15 = constants
y= x±
3 9
2 5 Q-26) Find the locus of point of
y= x± intersection of the two tangents
3 3
3y = 2x ± 5 drawn from to the ellipse
2x − 3y ± 5 = 0 .. equation of tangent x 2 y2
+ = 1 such that
a 2 b2
Q-25) If P and Q are two points on the i) sum of slopes = 2
x 2 y2 ii) cot θ1 + cot θ2 = 3 where θ1 and
ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 such that PQ
a b θ2 are inclinations of tangents.
passes through centre of the Ans. Equation of tangent
ellipse. If R is any other point on
y = mx ± a 2m 2 + b 2
the ellipse, prove that
P ( x1, y1 )
( Slope of PR ) × ( Slope of QR ) = Constant
∴ y1 − mx1 = ± a 2m 2 + b 2
Squaring
(y1 − mx1 )2 = a 2m 2 + b 2
(x 1
2
) (
− a 2 m 2 − 2x1y1.m + y12 − b 2 = 0 )
∴Let above quadratic equations has
Ellipse & Hyperbola
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roots m1 and m2 , which are slopes of π 

Q −θ
tangents, 2 
2x y π  π 
m1 + m2 = 2 1 1 2 x sec  − θ  y tan  − θ 
x1 − a 2 − 2  =1
is
y12 − b 2 a b
m1.m2 = x cos ec θ y cot θ
x12 − a 2 ∴ − =1 …(ii)
a b
i) Sum of Slopes = 2
x y
m1 + m2 = 2 sec θ ⋅ cos ec θ − tanθ ⋅ cos ec θ = cos ec θ
a b
2x1y1
=2 Multiply in (i) by cos ec θ
x12 − a 2
Multiply (ii) by sec θ
x1y1 = x12 − a 2 cos ec θ sec θ tan θ sec θ
x −y = sec θ
∴ equation of locus of point is, a b
xy = x 2 − a 2 x y
sec θ ⋅ cos ec θ − cot θ ⋅ sec θ = sec θ
x 2 − xy − a 2 = 0 a b
y y
ii) If cot θ1 + cot θ2 = 3 tanθ ⋅ cos ec θ + cot θ ⋅ sec θ = cos ec θ − sec θ
b b
1 1 y
+
tan θ1 tan θ2
=3 [cot θ⋅sec θ − tanθ ⋅ cosec θ ] = cosec θ −sec θ
b
1 1 y 1 1 
+ =3  −  = cos ec θ − sec θ
m1 m2 b  sin θ cos θ 
[m1 = tan θ1 and m2 = tan θ2 ] y
[cos ec θ − sec θ ] = cos ec θ − sec θ
m1 + m2 b
=3 y
m1m2 =1, where cos ec θ − sec θ ≠ 0
2x1y1 b
∴y = b
x12 − a 2
=3 which is required equation of locus.
y12 − b 2
x12 − a 2 Q-28) Find the equation of common
2x1y1 tangent to the circle 5x 2 + 5y 2 =16
=3
y12 − b 2 x2 y2
and the hyperbola − = 1.
2x1y1 = 3y12 − 3b 2 16 48
∴ equation of locus of Point P is, Ans. For circle 5x 2 + 5y 2 =16
2xy = 3y 2 − 3b 2 16
∴a2 =
5
Q-27) Show locus of points of Let common tangent is
intersection of tangents to y = mx + c …(i)
x 2 y2
hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 at P (θ ) and
a b
∴ c = a 1+ m 2 ⇒ c 2 = a 2 1+ m 2 ( )
16
π 
Q  − θ  is y = b.
∴ c2 =
5
(
1+ m2 ) …(ii)
2 
The equation of hyperbola is x 2 y2
For hyperbola − =1
Ans. 16 48
x2 y2
− =1 a 2 = 16, b 2 = 48 ⇒ c 2 = a 2m 2 − b 2
a 2 b2
⇒ c 2 =16m 2 − 48
∴ Equation of tangent at ( ) is
P θ
16
x sec θ y tan θ
− =1 ⇒
5
( )
1 + m 2 =16m 2 − 48 from (ii)
a b …(i)
∴ The equation of tangent at
Ellipse & Hyperbola
Mahesh Tutorials Science 77

1
∴
5
( )
1 + m2 =m2 − 3

( )
∴ 1 + m 2 = 5m 2 −15 ⇒ 16 = 4m 2 ⇒

m2 = 4 ⇒m2 = ± 2
2 2
∴ c =16m − 48
∴ c 2 =16 × 4 − 48 =16 ⇒ c 2 = ± 4
∴ equation of common tangent is
y = ± 2x ± 4 i.e. ∴ y = ± ( 2x ± 4 )

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Ellipse & Hyperbola