Cerm Index

Index
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INDEX - A
1/3 load increase, 68-3 dynamometer, 85-13 Accrual system, 87-34
1% factor, 34-21 Accumulation, 8-7
flood, 20-6, 20-7 gas, 34-2 Accumulator, 17-39
storm, 20-5 masonry, 67-5 Accuracy, 85-1
2, 4-D, 32-12 process, 34-2 concrete batch, 49-2
10-minute unit hydrograph, 20-13 Abstraction, initial, 20-2 degree of, 78-5
18-kip ESAL, 76-20 Abundance, relative, 22-2 level of, 78-4
60-degree method, 40-2 AC machine, 84-11 order of, 78-4
80% Accelerated Accurate experiment, 11-11
rated circuit breaker, 84-9 Cost Recovery System, 87-22 ACI
rule, 84-9 depreciation method, 87-22 coefficient, analysis, 51-2
85th percentile speed, 73-4 flow, 19-21, G-1 shear coefficient, 47-19
100% rated circuit breaker, 84-9 Accelerating force, railroad, 75-4 Acid, 22-12, G-1
100-year Acceleration amino, 23-1 (tbl)
storm, 20-5, 20-6 absolute, 71-10 binary, 22-4
flood, 20-6 angular, 71-7 carbonic, 22-21, 22-23, 25-2, 31-9,
!-method, 38-3 Coriolis, 71-8, 71-9 34-23 (ftn)
head C-value, 18-2 (tbl), 18-3 (tbl) carboxylic, 23-2 (tbl)
instantaneous center of, 71-14 constant, 22-15
A linear, 71-4 deoxyribonucleic, 27-2
normal component, 71-8 dissociation constant, A-92
AAR, 48-2 of gravity, 1-2 -extractable metal, 28-14
AASHO Road Test, 77-5 relative, 71-10 fatty, 23-2 (tbl), 27-9
AASHTO, G-1 resultant, 71-8, 71-14 -formed bacteria, 30-15
concrete compressive stress limit, tangential, 71-8 fulvic, G-7
prestressing tendon, 56-8 (tbl) uniform, 71-3 gas, 32-4
effective flange width, 57-2 uniform, formulas, 71-4 (tbl) haloacetic, 25-10
flexible pavement design Accelerator set, 48-3 humic, G-8
nomograph, 76-23 (fig) Acceptance, 88-3 hydrochloric, 25-9, 32-4
Green Book parallel parking testing, concrete, 49-1 hypochlorous, 25-9
design, 73-22 (fig) Access organic, 23-2 (tbl)
Highway Safety Manual, 75-2 control of, G-5 polyprotic, 22-17
lump-sum loss, 56-4 point, 73-3 rain, 32-4
-PCI standard girder, 56-8 right of, G-12 ribonucleic, 27-2
-PCI standard girder section, 56-8 (fig) Accessibility, 19-16 -splitting bacteria, 30-15
-PCI standard girder section, Accessible parking, 73-23 sulfuric, 32-4
properties, 56-9 (fig) space, 73-23 ternary, 22-4
required curve lengths, 79-14 (tbl) Accident, 75-15 -test ratio, 87-35
resistance factor, 56-7 (tbl) data, 75-15 volatile, 27-9
rigid pavement nomograph, 77-8 (fig) data, analysis, 75-10 Acidity, 22-21, 25-2
soil classification, 35-3, 35-4 history warrant, signalization, 73-18 Acoustic
strength reduction factor, 56-7 (tbl) log, 83-2 (ftn) emission testing, 43-12
tensile stress limit in prestressed modeling, vehicle, 75-13 holography, 43-13
concrete, 56-7 (tbl) PDO, 75-11 velocity, 14-14
Abandonment, G-1 pedestrian, 75-15 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Abbreviation, stake marking, 81-2 (tbl) rate, 75-11 (AIDS), 27-10
Above-ground storage tank, 33-1 rate, OSHA, 83-2 ACR, 48-2
Abrams’ strength law, 48-4 type, 75-12 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, 16-9 (ftn)
ABS pipe, 16-9, 28-4 Accidental error, 85-2 Act, fraudulent, 88-6
Abscissa, 7-2 Accommodation, reasonable, 82-9 Actinide, 22-3
Absolute Account Actinium, 22-3 (ftn)
acceleration, 71-10 accumulated depreciation, 87-23 (ftn) Actinon, 22-3
convergence, 3-13 asset, 87-33 Action
English System, 1-4 equipment, 87-23 (ftn) capillary, 14-12
parallax, 78-20 expense, 87-37 composite, 57-1
position, 71-10 ledger, 87-33 galvanic, 22-18
pressure, 14-2 liability, 87-33 level, 83-8
velocity, 71-10 owners’ equity, 87-33 level, noise, OSHA, 83-8
viscosity, 14-6 (ftn) Accounting, 87-36 line of, 5-1, 41-2
volume method, 49-2 convention, 87-34 (ftn) noncomposite, 68-14
volume method, concrete, 77-2 cost, 87-36 pop, 16-12
Absorbed equation, 87-33 prying, 65-6, 66-8
asphalt, 76-9 job cost, 87-36 shear force, 45-17
dose, G-1 principle, standard, 87-34 (ftn) tension field, 63-2
Absorber, spray tower, 34-3 (fig) process cost, 87-36 tort, 88-6
Absorption, G-1 Accreditation Activated
coefficient, 22-10, 31-9 Board for Engineering and carbon, 29-13, 34-3 (ftn)
coefficient, gas, 31-9 (tbl) Technology, 89-1 (ftn) carbon, granular, 26-14
dry, 34-17
P P I * w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-2 C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L
charcoal, 34-3 Aeration, 26-4, G-1 properties, A-21

controller, 73-20 characteristics, 30-2 release valve, 16-12
sludge plant, characteristics, 30-3, 30-5 complete-mix, 30-3 resistance, 75-3
sludge process, 30-2 conventional, 30-3 resistance coefficient, 75-3
Active cost, 30-9 stoichiometric, 24-9
collection, gas, 31-6 diffused air system, 26-4 stripper, 34-20
component, retaining wall, A-108, A-109 extended, 30-2 stripping, 29-12, 34-20
earth pressure, 37-2, 37-3 high purity oxygen, 30-4 stripping operation, 34-21 (fig)
earth pressure coefficient, 37-3 high-rate, 30-4 temperature, average daily, 49-6
pressure, G-1 period, 30-8 temperature, mean annual, 76-16
resultant, total, 37-3 power, 29-4, 29-5, 30-9 -to-cloth ratio, 34-5
zone, 37-3 sludge, 30-2, 30-4 toxic, 32-2
Activity step-flow, 30-3 valve, combination, 16-14
INDEX - A
dummy, 86-13 tank, 30-8 valve, double orifice, 16-14

-on-arc network, 86-12 tapered, 30-3 valve, siphon, 16-14
-on-branch network, 86-12 zone of, G-15 void, 76-9
-on-node network, 86-11 Aerial mapping, 78-18 wash, 26-14
pozzolanic, 77-12 Aero horsepower, 17-42 Airborne survey, 78-6
specific, G-13 Aerobe, 27-6, G-1 Aircraft
Actual filtering velocity, 34-6 obligate, 27-6 approach category, 79-21
Acuity, visual, 75-9 Aerobic, G-1 cable, 45-21
Acute decomposition, 27-9 Airfoil, 17-39
angle, 6-1 digester, 30-15 Airport
hazard, 83-5, 83-6 digester, characteristics, 30-16 (tbl) geometric design, 79-21
ADA, 73-23, 82-9 digestion, 30-15 runway, 73-30, 79-21
Adaptation speed, 75-9 pond, 29-4 taxiway, 79-21
Add chain, 78-8 Aerodynamic equivalent diameter, 32-7 type, 79-21
Added head, pump, 17-15 Affinity law, 18-18 Alachlor, 32-12
Addition Afterburner, 34-15 Alcohol, 23-2 (tbl), 24-7
associative law, 4-4 Age aliphatic, 23-2 (tbl)
commutative law, 4-4 BOD, sludge, 30-5 aromatic, 23-2 (tbl)
of vectors, 5-3 of the suspected solids, 30-5 ethyl, 24-7
Additive, pozzolanic, 48-2 Agency, 88-3 grain, 24-7
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 27-9, G-1 Agent, 88-3 methyl, 24-7
Adenovirus, 27-6 chelating, 34-20 (ftn) Aldehyde, 23-1 (tbl), 23-2 (tbl)
Adfreeze force, 38-6 contract, 88-3 Aldrin, 32-12
Adhesion, 14-12 (ftn), 38-3 oxidizing, 22-7 Algae, 27-7, G-1
factor, 38-3 reducing, 22-7 growth, in water, 25-7
road, coefficient of, 75-5 weighting, 26-9 pretreatment, 26-3
Adiabatic, 16-2 (ftn) Aggregate, 48-2, 76-3 Algal bloom, 27-7
compressibility, 14-13 alkali reactivity, 48-2 Algebra, 3-1
compression, 15-14 angularity, 76-15 matrix, 4-4
flame temperature, 24-15 ASTM C330, 48-7 Algebraic equation, 3-2
Adjacent coarse, 48-2, 76-3, G-1 Algicide, 26-3
angle, 6-1 factor, lightweight concrete, 48-6 (tbl) Alias component, 9-8 (ftn)
side, angle, 6-2 fine, 48-2, 76-3, G-1 Alidade, 78-9, G-1
Adjoint, classical, 4-5 lightweight, 48-7, G-1 Alignment
Adjudication, G-1 mineral, 76-3 chart, column, 53-3
Adjunct code, 82-2 open graded, 76-3 stake, 81-1, 81-3
Adjusted weight, 49-3 PCC, 77-3 Aliphatic alcohol, 23-2 (tbl)
Adjusting traverse, 78-14 properties, 49-2 Alkali
Adjustment for access point density, 73-13 trailer, 80-9 -aggregate reactivity, 48-2
Administrative expense, 87-33 Aggressive index, 26-19 -carbonate reaction, 48-2
Admittance, 84-5 Agonic line, G-1 metal, 22-3
Admixture (see also type), 48-3, G-1 Agreement, letter of, 88-3 -silica reaction, 48-2
lithium-based, 48-2 Ahead Alkaline earth metal, 22-3
water-reducing, 48-3 stationing, 79-3 Alkalinity, 22-21, 25-2, 25-4, 25-5 (fig),
Adsorbed water, G-1 tangent, 79-2 26-19, G-1
Adsorbent, 26-9 AHJ, 82-2 methyl orange, 22-21, 22-22
material, 34-3 (ftn) AIA formula, 26-24 phenolphthalein, 22-21
Adsorption, 26-14, 34-3 AIDS, 27-10 test interpretation, 22-22 (tbl)
carbon, 29-13 Air Alkane, 23-1, 23-3 (tbl), 24-1
edge, G-1 atmospheric, 24-8, 30-8 Alkene, 23-1, 24-1
hazardous waste, 34-4 atmospheric pressure, Alkoxy, 23-1 (tbl)
ratio, sodium, 25-11 properties, A-21, A-22 Alkyl, 23-1 (tbl)
Advance warning sign spacing, 73-32 (tbl) blower, 30-9 halide, 23-2 (tbl)
Advanced change, G-1 Alkyne, 23-1, 23-2 (tbl), 24-1
flue gas cleanup, 34-4 composition, dry, 24-8 (tbl) All
oxidation, 34-4 -entrained concrete, 77-3 -directional interchange, 73-25
oxidation process, 26-21 -entraining mixture, 48-3 -lightweight concrete, 48-6, 48-7
scrubbing, 24-5 entrainment, 77-3 -red clearance period, 73-21
warning area, 73-31 excess, 22-9, 24-12 -volatile treatment, 22-24
wastewater treatment, 29-3 flow rate, SCFM, 30-9 Allergen, 32-4
Advantage flush, G-1 Alligator crack, 76-5
mechanical, 15-16, 41-11 /fuel ratio, 24-9 Allochthonous material, 25-7
mechanical, pulley block, 41-11 heater ash, 24-3 Allowable
pulley, 41-11 ideal, 24-9 bearing capacity, 36-2
Advection, G-1 in concrete, 49-3 bearing strength, 59-18, 61-9
Adverse cross slope, 79-8 injection, 26-4 bending stress, 59-15
Aerated mean free path, 34-9 compressive strength, steel column, 61-4
grit chamber, 29-6 pollutant, 32-2 floor area, 82-8
lagoon, 29-5 prewash, 26-14 height, building, 82-8
I N D E X I-3
load, fastener, 65-3 Anaerobic, G-2 friction, external, 37-4 (tbl)

strength design, 58-5, 59-8 decomposition, 27-9 friction, soil, 37-4 (tbl)
stress, 45-2, 50-2 digester, characteristics, 30-17 function of, 6-2
stress design, 50-3, 58-5, 59-8 digestion, 30-15 helix thread, 45-14
stress design method, 50-2 pond, 29-4 hypotenuse, 6-2
stress rating method, 74-2 Analysis (see also type), 47-1 interfacial friction, 31-5 (tbl)
stress, bending, 59-15 accident data, 75-10 interior, 78-13, 79-2
stress, sheet piling, 39-4 (tbl) ACI coefficient, 51-2 internal friction, 35-17, 35-26, 40-7,
Allowance beam-column, 62-2 43-8, 72-6
depletion, 87-24 break-even, 87-38 internal friction, pile, 72-7 (fig)
trade-in, 87-18 chemical, 22-6 intersection, 79-2
Alluvial deposit, G-1 column, 61-5 lead, bolt, 45-14
Alluvium, G-1 combustible, 24-2 lift check valve, 16-12
comparative, 87-17 measurement, 78-13 (fig)
INDEX - A
Alpha, 11-14
risk, 11-14 cost-benefit, highway safety, 75-18 measurement equipment, 78-12
-value, 85-5 descriptive, safety, 75-2 measurement method, 78-12
Alphabet, Greek, 3-1 dimensional, 1-8 miscellaneous formula, 6-4
Alternate economic life, 87-4 obtuse, 6-1
depth, 19-16, G-1 economic, engineering, 87-2 of depression, 6-2
mode, 73-19 elastic second-order, 53-1 of elevation, 6-2
mode operation, 73-19 error, 78-2 of intersection, 7-8
Alternating first-order, 53-1 of repose, 72-6, 80-4
current, 84-2, 84-4 Fourier, 9-7 of static friction, 72-6
sign series, 3-13 frequency, 9-8 (ftn) opposite side, 6-2
Alternative gravimetric, 22-6, 24-2 parking, 73-22
comparison, 87-4 horizon, 87-17 plane, 6-1
disinfectant, 25-10 hydrograph, 20-7 power, 84-7
disinfection, 29-13 incremental, 87-17 rebound, 72-17
hypothesis, 11-15 inelastic first-order, 47-2 reflex, 6-1
sewer, 28-4 inelastic second-order, 47-2 related, 6-1
to chlorination, 25-10, 26-21 life-cycle cost, 86-7 repose, 40-7
Alternator, 84-11 (ftn) nonlinear second-order, 53-1 right, 6-1
Altitude valve, 26-24, 26-25 numerical, 12-1 rupture, 43-8
Alum, 26-8 period, 76-19 solid, 6-6
Aluminum, A-116, A-117, A-118 plastic, 47-2 spiral, 79-19
structural, A-115 proximate, 24-2 stall, 17-40
structural, properties, A-115 quantitative predictive, 75-2 station, 78-13
Amber period, 73-21 replacement/retirement, 87-4 straight, 6-1
American risk, 87-44 supplementary, 6-1
Insurance Association equation, 26-24 sensitivity, 87-44 to the right, 78-12
Insurance Association formula, 26-24 signature, 9-8 (ftn) total deflection, 79-19
National Standards Institute, 82-3 strength, doubly reinforced section, 50-24 traverse, 78-13 (fig)
Society of Civil Engineers, 89-1 structural, 47-1 trihedral, 6-6
wire gauge, 84-8 tension member, 60-4, 60-5 (fig) twist, 43-8, 45-14
Americans with Disabilities Act, 82-9 time-series, 9-8 (ftn) type (see also by name), 6-2
Amictic, G-1 ultimate, 22-5, 22-6, 24-2 valve, 16-12
Amide, 23-2 (tbl) uncertainty, 87-44 vertex, 6-1
Amine, 23-1 (tbl), 23-2 (tbl) value, 87-44 vertical, 6-2
filming, 22-23 volumetric, 24-2 wall friction, 37-5
neutralizing, 22-23 Analytic function, 8-1 yaw, 17-28
polar, 22-23 Analyzer Angoff procedure, modified, xxxi
Amino acid, 23-1 (tbl), 23-2 (tbl) FFT, 9-8 Angstrom, A-1, A-2
Ammonia signal, 9-8 Angular
in wastewater, 28-14 spectrum, 9-8 acceleration, 71-7
in water, 25-8 Anchor frequency, 84-4
nitrogen, in wastewater, 28-14 pull, 39-5 impulse, 72-14
removal, in wastewater, 29-3, 29-13 trench, 31-4 momentum, 17-33, 72-3 (fig)
slip, 34-19 (ftn) Anchorage motion, 71-7
stripping, 28-14, 29-13 masonry, 67-6 orientation, 5-1
toxic effect on fish, 25-8 requirement, shear perspective, 2-3
un-ionized, in water, 25-8 reinforcement, 50-23 (fig) position, 71-7
Amoeba, 27-8 shear reinforcement, 50-23 velocity, 71-7
Amoeboid, 27-8 Anchored bulkhead, 39-5 Angularity, aggregate, 76-15
Amortization, 87-24 Andesite porphyry, 35-32 Anhydride, 23-3 (tbl)
Amount, factor compound, 87-5 Andrade’s equation, 43-16 Anion, 25-1, G-2
Ampacity, 84-8 Anemometer, 17-27 Anisotropic material, 5-1
Ampere, 84-2 hot-wire, 17-27 Annual
Amperometric sensor, 85-3 Angle air temperature, mean, 76-16
Amphoteric behavior, G-1 acute, 6-1 amount, 87-7
Amplification adjacent, 6-1 benefit, 73-27
factor, moment, 53-5 adjacent side, 6-2 capital cost, 73-27
force, 41-11 banking, 79-7 cost, 87-7
Amplified end moment, 53-5 bearing, 78-12 (fig) cost method, 87-15
AMU, G-2 between figures, 7-8 cost, equivalent uniform, 87-16
Anabolic, 27-9 between lines, 6-1 effective interest rate, 87-5
Anabolism, G-1 complementary, 6-2 equivalent cost, 87-16
Anabranch, G-1 contact, 14-12 growth rate, average, 3-11
Anaerobe, 27-6, G-2 deflection, 78-12, 78-13, 79-4 return method, 87-15, 87-16
digester, 30-16 direction, 5-2, 7-5 traffic, 73-4
obligate, 27-6 explement, 78-13 Annuity, 87-7
external friction, 37-5 Anode, sacrificial, 22-19
face, 6-6
Anoxic circulation, pedestrian, 73-18 Aspect

condition, 27-6 conversion, SI, A-3 ratio, 17-40
decomposition, 27-9 critical net, 60-3 ratio, ellipse, 7-11
denitrification, 27-6 effective net, 60-3 Asphalt, 76-10
ANSI, 82-3 first moment, 42-2, 46-5 absorbed, 76-9
Antecedent frontal, 17-41 binder, 76-2
moisture condition, 20-17 (ftn) gore, 73-26 binder grade, Superpave, 76-3 (tbl)
runoff condition, 20-17 gross, 60-2 cement, 76-2
Anthracite coal, 24-4 gross filtering, 34-5 concrete, 76-2, 76-8, 76-10
Anthrafilt, 26-13 interfacial, 34-21 concrete composition, 76-4 (tbl)
Anti irregular, 7-1 (fig) concrete mixture, 76-4
-lock brake, 75-6 law of, 72-20 concrete pavement, 76-2
-skid brake, 75-6 mensuration, two-dimensional, A-7 concrete, full-depth, 76-26 (fig)
INDEX - A
Anticlinal spring, G-2 method, landfill, 31-2 concrete, untreated aggregate base,
Antiderivative, 9-1 moment of inertia, 42-3 150 mm, 76-27 (fig)
Antireversal check valve, 16-12 moment of inertia, basic shapes, A-114 concrete, untreated aggregate base,
Antoine equation, 14-10 (ftn) net, 60-2 6 in, 76-27 (fig)
Apex, 41-22 net filtering, 34-5 content, effective, 76-9
Aphelion, 72-21 reduction, 43-6 content, optimum, 76-11
API scale, 14-5 rural, 73-3 crumb-rubber modified, 76-29
Apogee, 72-21 second moment of, 42-4 cutback, 76-2
Apparatus specific collection, 34-9 emulsified, 76-2
breathing, 83-6 specific surface, 29-11 emulsion, 76-2, G-2
Golgi, 27-2 specific, filter, 29-9 grade, 76-2
Orsat, 24-12 steel reinforcement bar, 50-10, 51-3 grading, 76-2
osmotic pressure, 14-10 suburban, 73-3 hot mix, 76-2, 76-10
vane-shear, 35-29 transformation method, 44-19 hot rubber mix, 76-29
Apparent under standard normal curve, A-12 mix, 76-3
color, in water, 25-8 urban, 73-3 mixer, 76-6
modulus, 43-11 weaving, 73-26 modifier, 76-5, 76-6 (tbl)
specific gravity, 76-8 Areal, 1-8 pavement recycling, 76-28
specific gravity, asphalt mixture, G-2 density, 1-8 pavement, full-depth, 76-28
yield stress, 43-7 dust density, 34-5 performance graded, 76-15
Application measurement, 1-8 plant, 76-6
FE exam, 90-2 rain, 20-17 polymer-modified, 76-5
point of, 5-1 velocity, 72-20 rubber, 76-29
Applied Argument, 3-7, 3-8 rubber-modified, 76-29
impulse, 72-15 Arithmetic stone mastic, 76-28
load, pressure from, 40-2 growth rate, 3-11 stone matrix, 76-28
Appraisal, economic, HSM, 75-18 mean, 11-12 synthetic, 76-29
Approach, 73-15 sequence, 3-11 target optimum content, 76-11
category, aircraft, 79-21 series, 3-12 Asphaltic coating, 16-11
tangent, 79-1, 79-2 Arm ASR, 48-2
velocity, 21-4 machinery, 83-10 method, 74-2
velocity of, 16-4, 17-16, 17-17 moment, 41-3 Assembly
Approximate structural methods, 47-18 working, 83-10 door, 82-4
Approximation Aromatic, 23-3 (tbl) slider rod, 71-14
series, 8-8 alcohol, 23-2 (tbl) Assessment, life-cycle, 86-7
small angle, 6-3 hydrocarbon, 24-1 Asset
Appurtenance, G-2 liquid, 14-10 (ftn) account, 87-33
Apron, G-2 Array, 4-1 (ftn) capitalizing, 87-20
Aquatic plant, 25-8 Arrival type, 73-16 class, 87-20
Aquation, 22-11 Arterial, 73-3 current, 87-35
Aquiclude, 40-10, G-2 highway, G-2 expensing, 87-20
Aquifer, 21-1, G-2 Artesian fixed, 87-35
confined, 21-2 formation, G-2 liquid, 87-35
free, 21-1, 21-2 spring, G-2 nonliquid, 87-35
unconfined, 21-1, 21-2 well, 21-2 Assignment, 88-4
Aquifuge, G-2 Artificial expense, 87-20 Associative
Aquitard, G-2 Aryl, (tbl), 23-1 law of addition, 3-3, 4-4
Aramid halide, 23-3 (tbl) law of multiplication, 3-3, 4-4
fiber, 32-4 As set, law, 11-2
tendon, 56-6 -built document, 86-16 Assumed
Arbitrary fired, 24-3 inflection point, 47-18
proportions method, 49-2 Asbestos, 32-4 meridian, 78-12
volume method, 49-2 cement pipe, 16-9, 26-25, 28-4 Assumption, Whitney, 50-8
weight method, 49-2 Asbestosis, 32-4 ASTM
Arc, 20-17, 86-10 ASCE, 89-1 C330 aggregate, 48-7
basis, 79-3 ASD, 58-5 E119, 82-4
length, 71-8 Ash, 24-3 International, 82-3
length, by integration, 9-5 air heater, 24-3 prestressing tendon, 56-5 (tbl)
shield, 64-4 bottom, 24-3, 32-4 soil test, 35-16, 35-17 (tbl)
Archimedes’ principle, 15-16 coal, 24-3 standard, pipe, 16-10
Architect, 88-4 combined, 32-5 standards, wire reinforcement, A-134
Arctic, 32-12 economizer, 24-3 Asymmetric multiplier, 83-7, 83-8
Area, A-7, A-114 fly, 24-3, 48-2 Asymmetrical function, 7-4
bar, 50-12 (tbl) fly, pavement, 77-12 Asymptote, 7-2
between two curves, 9-4 pit, 24-3 Asymptotic, 7-2
bolt, tensile stress, 65-4 refractory, 24-3 At-rest
bounded by irregular area, 78-18 (fig) soda, 26-15 earth pressure coefficient, 37-5
by integration, 9-4 ASME long-radius nozzle, 17-32 (ftn) soil pressure, 37-5
centroid of an, 42-1
I N D E X I-5
Atmosphere value, 87-30 Bag cement, 48-1

air, 30-8 value, by integration, 9-4 Baghouse, 34-4
earth, 15-13 value, sinusoid, 84-4 collection efficiency, 34-6
pressure, 14-3 velocity, 16-8 resistance, 34-5
standard, A-3, A-4, A-59 Avogadro’s typical, 34-5 (fig)
Atmospheric hypothesis, 22-5 Balance
air, 24-8, 30-8 law, 22-5, G-2 book, 87-33
fluidized-bed combustion, 24-5 number, 22-5 dynamic, 70-2
head, 18-6 AWWA standard, pipe, 16-10 line, 80-6, 80-7 (fig)
pressure, air properties, A-21, A-22 Axes, principal, 70-2 point, 80-6, 80-7 (fig)
refraction, 78-9 Axial sheet, 87-34
Atom, 22-2 -flow impeller, 18-4, 26-11 sheet, simplified, 87-35 (fig)
Atomic -flow reaction turbine, 18-23 static, 70-2
mass unit, 22-2 -flow turbine, 18-23, 18-24 (fig) water, equation, 20-2
number, 22-2, A-83, G-2 load, stiffness reduction factor, 53-4 Balanced
number, elements, A-83 loading, 44-12 condition (masonry), 68-6
numbers and weights of the member, 41-11 curve, 72-8
elements, A-88 member, force, 41-12 draft point, 34-10
structure, 22-2 member, pin-connected, 41-12 load, electrical, 84-10
weight, 22-2, A-83, G-2 strain, 43-4 point, column, 52-5
weight, chemical, 22-2 stress, 35-26 speed, 72-8
Atomizing scrubber, 34-18 tensile stress, 60-1 steel, 68-6
ATP, 27-9 Axis steel area, 50-6
Atrazine, 32-12 bending, 45-17 tension weld, 66-4
ATS (see Average travel speed), 73-12 conjugate, 7-11 weld group, 66-4, 66-5 (fig)
Attack intergranular, 22-19 major, 7-11 Balancing, 78-14
INDEX - B
Attention and information processing, 75-9 minor, 7-11 chemical equations, 22-7
Attenuator, impact, 75-13 minor, buckling and bracing, 61-4 (fig) closed traverse angles, 78-14
Atterberg limit, 35-21 neutral, 44-11 closed traverse distance, 78-15
test, 35-3, 35-21 oblique, 2-2 operations, 70-2
Attractive rate of return, minimum, 87-16 of rotation, 72-2 traverse, 78-15
Auger parabolic, 7-10 traverse, least squares, 78-15
boring, 40-11 principal, 42-8, 59-15 Bale, hay, 80-11
-hole method, 35-23 rotation, 42-7 Ball valve, 16-12
Augmented matrix, 4-1 torsional, 45-17 Ballast
Austenitic stainless steel, 22-19 (ftn) transverse, 7-11 circuit, 85-10
Authority having jurisdiction, 82-2 weak, 59-5 thermal, 34-13
Autochthonous material, 25-7 Axle Balling scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Autogenous waste, 34-11 (ftn) spread-tandem, 76-18 Ballistic pendulum, 72-3 (fig)
Autoignition temperature, 24-8 type, 76-19 (fig) Balloon payment, 87-42
Automatic Axonometric view, 2-3 Ban, land, 33-2
total station, 78-5 Azimuth, 78-12, 78-13, G-2 Bandwidth, 9-8, 73-20
traffic recorder, 73-6 from back line, 78-12 of frequency analysis, 9-8
Autotroph, 27-4, G-2 from north, 78-13 Bank
Autotrophic bacteria, 27-6, 28-9 from south, 78-13 cubic yard, 80-1
Auxiliary magnetic, 73-30 -measure, 80-1
elevation, 2-2 Banking
equation, 10-1 angle, 79-7
lane, G-2 B days in a year, 87-28 (ftn)
view, 2-2 roadway, 72-8
Availability, 26-9 B box, 80-9 Bar
Available B1-B2 procedure, 62-2 area, 50-12 (tbl)
combined residual, 28-13 Babcock formula, 17-10 chart, 86-9
compressive strength, 62-2 BAC-CAB identity, 5-5 chart, water chemistry, 25-1
flexural strength, 64-2, 64-3 Back deformed, 48-9 (fig)
hydrogen, 24-3, 24-14 -calculation, 76-16 dimension, hard SI
lime, 26-9 corona, 34-9 (Canadian), 48-9 (tbl)
load, fastener, 65-3 station, 79-3 dowel, 55-6, 77-12
method, 32-15 stationing, 79-3 headed, deformed, 55-6
moment table, 59-10 tangent, 79-1, 79-2 lacing, 61-2 (ftn)
moment versus unbraced Backfill, 40-8 lattice, 61-2 (ftn)
length, 59-3 (fig) inclined, 37-6 purple, 48-10
Average slope, broken, 37-6 reinforcing, 67-6
annual daily flow, 26-22, 73-4 Backsight, 78-10 steel, 48-8
annual daily traffic, 73-4 Backward tie, pavement, 77-7
annual growth rate, 3-11 pass, G-2 total area, 51-3
change, 11-16 soil pressure, 37-2 Barometer, 15-2
cost method, 87-38 Backwashing multi-fluid, 15-5
cost, weighted, 87-31 air wash, 26-14 Barometric
daily air temperature, 49-6 filter, 26-13 height relationship, 15-13
daily traffic, 73-4 Backwater, G-2 pressure, 14-3
decrease, 11-16 curve, G-2 Barrel, 19-27
end area method, 80-4 Bacteria, 27-6 Barrier
highway speed, 73-3 acid-formed, 30-15 brush, 80-11
increase, 11-16 acid-splitting, 30-15 concrete, highway, 75-13
power, 84-6, 84-7 autotrophic, 27-6, 28-9 constant slope, 75-13
precipitation, 20-2 carbonaceous, 28-9 F-shape, 75-13
pressure, 15-7 facultative, 27-6 General Motors, 75-13
running speed, 73-3 growth, 27-6 (tbl) GM, 75-13
spot speed, 73-3 iron, 27-6 heavy vehicle median, 75-13 (fig)
time per unit, 87-43 mesophyllic, G-9 highway, 75-13
travel speed, 73-3, 73-12 nonphotosynthetic, 27-6 Jersey, 75-13
thermophilic, G-14
K-rail, 75-13 cross section, type, 50-2 Bedding

Ontario, 75-13 (fig) curved, 44-20 (tbl) load factor, 40-9
removal, 82-11 deep, 50-27 mortar, 68-4
Basalt, 35-32 deflection, 44-13, 44-14, 44-15, Begin slope rounding, 81-4
Bascule bridge, 57-4 44-17, 47-4, 59-5 Beginning of curve, 79-3
Base, 3-5, 22-12, G-2 deflection equations, elastic, A-120, Behavior factor, 73-9
breakaway, 75-13 A-121, A-122, A-123 Bell, G-2
cement-treated, 48-8, G-4 deflection, prestressed, 56-4 -shaped curve, 11-6
circle failure, 40-7 deflection, strain energy method, 44-15 Belt
condition, roadway, 75-15 depth, concrete, minimum, 50-17 filter press, 30-18
constant, 22-15 design selection table, 59-8 friction, 72-7
course, G-2 determinate, type, 41-8 (fig) highway, G-2
dissociation constant, A-93 doubly reinforced, 50-24 thickening, gravity, 30-15
exchange, 22-22 doubly reinforced, parameter, 50-24 (fig) V-, 72-7
exchange method, 26-17 failure, rotation, 44-19 (fig) Benchmark, 78-7
exchange process, 26-17 fixed-end, 46-1, 46-7 official, 78-7
flow, 20-7 (ftn), G-2 frame, 51-6 (fig) temporary, 78-7
frangible coupling, 75-13 hole in, 59-17 Bend, pipe, 17-36 (fig)
free-flow speed, 73-10, 73-13 indeterminate, 46-1 force on, 17-36
hinged, pole, 75-13 indeterminate, formulas, A-128, A-129, Bending
length, weaving, 73-26 A-130, A-131, A-132 axis, 45-17
of the cut, 39-2 lateral buckling, 59-3 (fig) beam load cell, 85-12
plate cantilever factor, 61-10 load table, 59-10 biaxial, 59-15
plate critical section, 61-10 over-reinforced, 50-6 moment, 44-8 (ftn), 44-11
plate, column, 61-9 prestressing effect on simple, 56-2 (fig) moment diagram, 44-8
INDEX - B
retaining wall, 54-3 propped cantilever, 46-1 plane of, 59-2

slip, pole, 75-13 reinforced concrete, 50-1 strength, steel beam, 59-2
time, 20-7 reinforcement, 50-2 (fig) stress, 44-11 (fig), 59-2
tower crane, 83-10 serviceability, 50-14 stress, beam, 44-11 (fig)
unit, 1-5 shear strength, 50-20 unsymmetrical, beam, 59-15
Baseball, 17-41 (ftn), 17-42 shear stress, 44-10 unsymmetrical, case, 59-15 (fig)
Baseline, 80-6 soldier, 39-7 Beneficial reuse, 30-20
rate, 84-7 steel, 59-1 program, 30-20
Basic steel, analysis flowchart, 59-6 (fig) Benefit
accounting equation, 87-33 steel, design flowchart, 59-9 (fig) annual, 73-27
fire flow, 26-23 thickness, minimum, 50-17 (tbl) -cost ratio method, 87-16
shapes, 42-1, 42-4, A-114 transverse force, 44-11 Bent, G-2, G-3
Basin under-reinforced, 50-6 pile, G-11
chemical sedimentation, 29-8 unsymmetrical bending, 59-15 Benthic zone, G-3
sedimentation, plain, 29-6 wide, 44-17 Benthos, G-3
settling, G-13 width, minimum, 50-8 (tbl) Bentonite, 40-10, G-3
stilling, G-13 width, steel, 50-8 cement, 40-10
Basis W-shape, 59-2 (fig) soil, 40-10
daily compounding, 87-28 Bearing, 45-11, 78-12 Benzene ring, 23-1 (tbl)
depreciation, 87-20 angle, 78-12 (fig) Berm, G-3
unadjusted, 87-21 area, plate, 60-7 filter, 32-14
Batch capacity, 36-1 temporary, 80-10
gravity thickening, 30-14 capacity factor, 36-3, 36-4 (tbl) Bernoulli equation, 16-2, 19-7
mixer, 76-6 capacity, allowable, 36-2 extended, 17-15
trial, 49-2 capacity, clay, 36-5 Bessel equation, 10-5
Batching, 49-2 capacity, factors, long trench, 39-3 Best available
Bathtub distribution, 11-9 capacity, gross, 36-3 control technology, 34-2
Batter, 37-1 capacity, net, 36-3 technology, 34-2
decrement, 37-1, 37-12 capacity, rock, 36-8 Beta, 11-15
pile, G-2 capacity, sand, 36-7 distribution, 86-14
Baumé scale, 14-5 capacity, ultimate, 36-3 -method, 38-4
Bayes adjustment, empirical, 75-17 capacity, ultimate static, pile, 38-1 ratio, 17-29
Bayes’ theorem, 11-4 capacity, water table, 36-8 risk, 11-15
Bazin formula, 19-4 (ftn) connection, 65-2 Bias, 11-11, 85-2
Beam (see also type) length, plate, 59-19 Biaxial
analysis, prestressed, 56-10 plate, 59-18 bending, 59-15, 69-5
balanced condition, 50-6 (fig) plate, beam, 59-18 stress, 85-11
bearing plate, 59-18 pressure, safe, 36-2 Bicarbonate hazard, 25-11
bearing plate, nomenclature, 59-19 (fig) ratio, California, 35-29, 76-20 Bicyclist crash factor, 75-10
bending coefficient, 59-4 stiffener, 44-19, 59-18 (fig), Bidding, competitive, 89-3
bending plane, 59-2 (fig) 63-2, 63-4 (fig) Bifurcation ratio, G-3
boundary condition, 44-14 (tbl) stiffener design, 63-4 Billion, 1-7 (tbl)
circular, 50-21 strength, available, 65-4 parts per, 22-11
-column, 44-12, 59-2, 62-1 strength, steel, 59-18 Bimetallic element, 44-4
-column design, 62-3 stress, 45-11, 45-12 Binary
-column analysis, 62-2 stress, allowable, 65-4 acid, 22-4
compact, 59-2 test, three-edge, 16-11 compound, 22-4
composite, 64-1 value, plate, test, 35-31 fission, 27-8, G-3
composite, cross section, 64-1 (fig) wall, 54-2 Binder
concrete, cracking, 50-14 Bed, G-2 asphalt, 76-2
concrete, deflection, 50-15 biological, 29-8 grade, Superpave, 76-3 (tbl)
concrete, design, 50-8, 50-10 chemically active, 34-11 humectant, 32-7
concrete, maximum deflection, 50-17 moisture level, 24-3 specification, 76-15
concrete, shear strength, 50-21 residence time, 34-7 -to-dust ratio, 76-15
conjugate, 44-15, 44-16, 47-6 sand, drying, 30-18
continuous, 46-1, 46-5, 59-11 sand, filter, 32-14
critical stress, 59-8
I N D E X I-7
Bingham Blowing value, 87-23

fluid, 14-7 pavement, 76-5 value, depreciation method, 87-24 (fig)
-plastic limiting viscosity, 17-12 whistle-, 89-3 (ftn) value of stock, per share, 87-36
-plastic model, 17-12 Blowup, pavement, 76-5 Bookkeeping, 87-33
Binomial Blue center steel, 45-21 double-entry, 87-33
coefficient, 11-2, 11-4 Bluff, G-3 system, 87-33
distribution, 11-4 Blunder, 78-14 Boom
probability density function, 11-4 Board crane, 83-9, 83-10
theorem, 3-3 foot, 1-8 sonic, 14-15
Bioaccumulation, G-3 foot measurement, 1-8 Boring auger, 40-11
factor, G-3 of directors, 88-2 Boron hazard, 25-11
Bioactivation process, G-3 of engineering licensing, 90-1 Borrow
Bioassay, G-3 Bob, plumb, 78-9 common, 80-2
Bioavailability, G-3 BOCA building code, 82-1 pit, 80-5
Biochemical oxygen demand BOD, 28-8 Bottom ash, 24-3, 32-4
(see also BOD), 28-8, G-3 escaping treatment, 30-6 Bound
oxygen demand test, 27-9 exerted, 27-9 lower, 9-4
Biocide, 27-8, 34-22 (ftn) exertion, 28-9 upper, 9-4
Bioconcentration, G-3 loading, 29-9 vector, 5-1 (ftn)
factor, G-3 removal efficiency, 29-9, 30-6 Boundary
Biodegradable plastic, 32-13 removal fraction, 29-9, 30-6 irregular, 7-1
Biodegradation, 32-13, G-3 removal rate constant, 29-5 layer, 16-8 (ftn)
Biofilm filter, 26-14 seeded, 28-10 layer theory, 17-44
Biofilter, 34-6 sludge age, 30-5 value, 10-1
Biofiltration, 34-6 soluble, 30-6 Bounded exponential curve, 27-4
Biogas, G-3 test, 27-9 Bourdon pressure gauge, 15-2
INDEX - B
Biological treatment efficiency, 30-6 Boussinesq
bed, 29-8 ultimate, 28-9 contour chart, 40-2
contactor, rotating, 29-11 Body, 41-8 (fig) stress contour chart, A-112, A-113
contactor, rotating, characteristics, 29-12 burden, G-3 Boussinesq’s equation, 40-1
filter, 29-8 rigid, 71-1 Bowditch method, 78-15
reaction, 27-11 Boiler Box
Biology, cellular, 27-1 circulating fluidized-bed, 34-11 closed, 45-15
Biomagnification, G-3 design, fluidized-bed, 34-11 section, 61-2
factor, G-3 efficiency, 24-16 shape, 59-2
Biomass, G-3 feedwater characteristics, 22-23 -shoring, 39-1
composition, 27-11 feedwater quality, 22-24 Braced
yield, 30-13 fluidized-bed, 34-11 column, 45-3, 53-2, 53-5
Bioplastic, 32-13 horsepower, 24-16, 24-17 cut, 39-1
Bioreactor, 34-7 Boilerplate clause, 88-4 cut, clay, 39-2
Bioremediation, 34-6 Boiling, 14-10 cut, medium clay, 39-3
Biosolid, 30-2, 32-2 (ftn) -point margin, 32-8 cut, sand, 39-2
Biosorption, 30-3 Bolster, 50-2 cut, stability, 39-3
process, 30-3, G-3 Bolt, 45-9, 65-1 frame, 53-2 (fig)
Biosphere, G-3 area, tensile stress, 65-4 Bracing
Biostat, 34-22 (ftn) common, 65-1 diagonal, 53-2
Biot number, 1-9 (tbl) dimension, 45-11 (tbl) lateral, 59-3
Biota, G-3 family, 45-9 member, 61-1
Bioventing, 34-7 grade, 45-9 spacing, 59-3
Biphenyl, polychlorinated, 32-12 grade and type, 45-10 (tbl) Bracket, 65-5, 65-6
Bisection method, 3-4, 12-1 high-strength, 65-1 bisection method, 12-1
bracket, 12-1 marking, 45-10 income, 87-25
Bituminous material, 58-4 plate, 65-5, 65-6
coal, 24-4 preload, 45-12, 65-3 tax, 87-25
coating, pipe, 16-11 pretension, 65-3 Braided stream, G-3
concrete, 76-10 pretension, minimum, 65-4 (tbl) Brake
mix, 76-2 standards, 45-9 anti-lock/anti-skid, 75-6
Black structural, 65-1 assist system, 75-6
pipe, 16-10 tensile stress area, 65-4 dynamometer, 85-13
steel pipe, 16-10 thread, 45-9 fan, 85-13
Blacktop, 76-10 torque, 45-13 friction, 85-13
Blade torque factor, 45-13 horsepower, pump, 18-9
jet force on, 17-35 twist-off, 65-1 Prony, 85-13
pitch, circular, 18-4 Bolted pump power, 18-9
Blasius connection, 65-2 (fig) water, 85-13
equation, 17-5 connection reduction values, 60-3 (tbl) Braking
solution, 17-45 simple framing connection, 65-7 (fig) distance, 75-6, 75-7
Blast-furnace gas, 24-8 (ftn) Bolting, small column base plate perception-reaction time, 75-6
Bleeding, 76-14 (ftn), G-3 anchor, 61-11 (fig) rate, 75-6
pavement, 76-5 Bomb calorimeter, 24-14 time, 75-6
Blind drainage, G-3 Bond, 87-29 Brale indenter, 43-13
Block fully amortized, 87-29 (ftn) Branch
and tackle, 41-11 masonry, 67-3 pipe, 17-21
load, 83-10 pattern, 67-3 sewer, G-3
shear failure, 60-4 (fig) running, 67-3 Brass
shear strength, 60-4 yield, 87-30 pipe, 16-9
stress, 50-9 Bonded tubing, dimensions, A-48
Bloom, G-3 strain gauge, 85-8 (ftn) Breach
Blowdown, 22-23, 32-6 tendon, 56-2 material, 88-6
Blower Bonus depreciation, 87-23 of contract, 88-6
air, 30-9 Book Break-even
wastewater, 29-4, 30-10 of original entry, 87-33 analysis, 87-38
point, 87-38 Bromine, 26-21 staged-air, 34-20

quality, 87-38 (fig) Brush barrier, 80-11 ultra-low NOx, 34-15
Breakaway, 75-13 Btu, 13-1, A-1, A-2 Burning
base, 75-13 Bubbling bed FBC, 34-10 mass, 31-10
pole, 75-13 Bucket, inverted, steam trap, 16-14 rate, 31-10
Breaker Buckingham pi-theorem, 1-10 Burnout velocity, 72-19
80% rated circuit, 84-9 Buckling, 45-2 Bus equivalent, 73-7
100% rated circuit, 84-9 beam, 44-18 Business
circuit, 84-8 coefficient, web plate, 63-2 group, 83-2
standard circuit, 84-9 elastic, 61-4 property, 87-20 (ftn)
Breaking Euler, 61-2 Butte, G-3
chain, G-3 flexural, 61-2 Butterfly valve, 16-12, 17-13 (tbl)
strength, 43-3 inelastic, 61-4 Buttress, 37-1
Breakpoint, 28-13, 34-3 lateral, 44-19 wall, 37-1
chlorination, 26-20, 28-13, G-3 lateral torsional, 59-3 BWG tubing dimensions, A-49
Breakthrough, 26-13, 29-13, 34-3 load, 53-5, 61-2 By-product, disinfection, 25-9, 25-10
Breathing apparatus, 83-6 load theory, 61-2
Breeze, 24-5 local, 44-19, 59-17 (fig), 61-2, 61-6
Brick, 67-1 modification factor, lateral C
building, 67-2 torsional, 59-4
face, 67-2 stress, 61-2 C
hollow, 67-2 torsional, 61-2 -Bourdon gauge, 15-2
Bridge vertical, 44-19 -chart, 11-16
bascule, 57-4 Budgeting, 86-2, 86-5 -coefficient, rational method runoff, A-81
beam tensile zone, 56-8 (fig) parametric, 86-6 corporation, 88-3
concrete deck system, 51-8 system, 86-6 C3 building code, 82-1
connector, material, 58-4 Buffer, 22-12 C330 aggregate, ASTM, 48-7
constant, 85-11 space, 73-32 Cab, operator’s, 83-10
crane, 59-16 Buick, MacPherson versus, 88-7 (ftn) Cabinet projection, 2-2, 2-3
deck, 46-12, 48-11, 57-4 Building Cable, 41-19
deck, composite action, 57-4 brick, 67-2 aircraft, 45-21
deck, orthotropic, G-10 code, 58-5, 82-1, 82-2 carrying concentrated load, 41-16
deflection, 85-9 (ftn) code, comprehensive consensus, 82-1 catenary, 41-19
differential series balance, 85-9 (ftn) Code, International, 58-5 caternary, 41-19 (fig)
differential shunt balance, 85-9 (ftn) code, NFPA 5000, 82-1 concentrated load, 41-17 (fig)
draw, 57-4 cost, 86-4 distributed load, 41-18 (fig)
element, component, 74-2 (fig) designer, 88-4 end, 41-20
eyebar usage, 60-7 (ftn) element, fire resistance, 82-6 (tbl) hoisting, 45-21
INDEX - C
full, 85-11 height, allowable, 82-8 ideal, 41-16

functionally obsolete, 74-2 Officials and Code Administrators parabolic, 41-17 (fig)
half-, 85-11 International, 82-1 symmetrical, asymmetrical
impact factor, 74-4 -related illness, 32-4 segment, 41-20 (fig)
inventory rating level, 74-3 type, 82-8 tension, 72-13
load factor rating, 74-3 Built tension, accelerating suspended
load rating, 74-2 -in end, 46-7 mass, 72-13
null-indicating, 85-9 (ftn) -up section, 61-1, 63-1 tension, suspended mass, 72-13 (fig)
operating rating level, 74-3 Bulk CaCO3 equivalents, 22-20, A-85, A-86
permit rating level, 74-3 modulus, 14-14 Cadmium
rating, load and resistance factor, modulus, water, 14-14 selenide, 85-5
method, 74-4 specific gravity, 76-8, 76-9, G-3 sulfide, 85-5
rating, U.S. DOT (FHWA), 74-1 (tbl) velocity, 16-8 Caisson, G-4
redundancy, 74-4 volume, coarse aggregate, 77-4 (tbl) Cake
rotary, 73-25 Bulkhead filter, 30-20
segmental construction, 56-7 anchored, 39-5 sludge, 30-18
shunt balance, 85-9 (ftn) cantilever, 39-4 Calcite, 26-18
structurally deficient, 74-2 flexible, 39-4 Calcium
sufficiency rating, 74-2 pivot point, 39-4 carbonate equivalents, A-85, A-86
truss, 41-12 tied, 39-4, 39-5 hardness, 25-3
truss part, 41-13 (fig) untied, 39-4 Calculation back, 76-16
vertical lift, 57-4 Bulking, G-3 Calculus, fundamental theorem of, 9-4
weld size, 66-9 factor, 80-1 Calibration, 85-2, 85-7
weld strength, 66-8 sludge, 30-5, 30-12, G-13 factor, 75-16
Wheatstone, 85-9 Bundle, rotation, pipe, 34-16 single-point, 85-2
zero-indicating, 85-9 (ftn) Bunker C oil, 24-6 thermoelectric constants,
Brimful capacity, 80-9 Buoyancy, 15-16 thermocouple, A-175
Brinell hardness center, 15-18 California
number, 43-13 pipeline, 15-18 bearing ratio, 76-20, 77-6
test, 43-13 theorem, 15-16 bearing ratio test, 35-29
Brink depth, 19-19 Buoyant kneading compactor, 76-14
British density, 35-8 Callendar-Van Dusen equation, 85-5
thermal unit, 13-1, A-1, A-2 force, 15-16 Calming traffic, 73-27
thermal unit, SI conversion, A-3 Burden, 87-36 Calorimeter bomb, 24-14
Brittle budget variance, 87-36 Calvert model, venturi scrubber, 34-18
failure, 43-14, 50-5 capacity variance, 87-36 Calvert’s constant, 34-18
failure mode, 50-6 variance, 87-36 Camber, 56-5
material, 43-1 Buried pipe Camp formula, 29-6
Brix scale, 14-5 (ftn) loading coefficient, 40-8 Camp’s correction, 19-5
Broad loads on, 40-8 Canon, 89-1
-crested weir, 19-13 Burn-off, stud, 64-4 Canonical form, row, 4-2
fill, 40-9 Burner Cant, 79-10
Broken slope backfill, 37-6 low excess-air, 34-15 Cantilever
low NOx, 34-15 bulkhead, 39-4
footing, 36-2
I N D E X I-9
retaining wall, 37-1, 54-2 Carbonyl, 23-1 (tbl) shear beam load, 85-13
wall, 37-1, 39-4 Carboxylic acid, 23-2 (tbl) structural, 41-12
Cap Carcinogen, G-4 structure, 27-1
landfill, 31-5 Card, indicator, 85-14 transport, 27-2
mushroom, 83-7 Cardano’s formula, 3-4 wall, G-4
Capacitance, 84-5 Carrier, G-4 yield, 30-13
Capacitive reactance, 84-5 frequency, 85-4 Cellular biology, 27-1
Capacitor, 84-5 slurry, 17-11 Cement
Capacity, bearing, 36-1, 73-14 Carrying capacity, 27-4 asbestos, pipe, 16-9
bearing, allowable, 36-2 Carryover factor, 47-14 asphalt, 76-2
bearing, clay, 36-5 Cartesian bentonite, 40-10
bearing, gross, 36-3 coordinate system, 7-3 bentonite slurry, trench, 40-10
bearing, net, 36-3 equation form, 3-3 (ftn) factor, 49-2
bearing, rock, 36-8 triad, 5-2 low-alkali, 48-2
bearing, sand, 36-7 unit vector, 5-2 (fig) portland, 48-1
bearing, ultimate, 36-3 Carver-Greenfield process, 30-20 properties, 49-1
brimful, 80-9 Casagrande method, 35-25 shrinkage-compensating, 48-2
carrying, 27-4 Cascade impactor, G-4 soil, 48-8
design, 38-2 Case, Westergaard, 40-2 -treated base, 48-8, G-4
design, traffic, 73-5 Cased hole, G-4 type-K, 48-2
earth-handling equipment, 80-9 Cash Cementing material requirement,
excess, 87-32 flow, 87-3 concrete, 77-4 (tbl)
field, 31-7 flow analysis, 87-8 Cementitious material, 48-1
heaping, 80-9 flow diagram, 87-3, 87-11 (fig) Center, 7-2
heat, 13-4 flow factor, 87-6, A-177, A-178 -entry mixer, 76-6
ideal, 73-5 flow, (discounting) factor, 87-6 instant, 71-13
infiltration, 21-9 flow, beginning of year, 87-11 (fig) instantaneous, 71-13
intersection, 73-14 flow, exponential gradient series, 87-4 of buoyancy, 15-18
landfill, 31-3 flow, exponentially decreasing, 87-26 of force, 72-19, 72-20
maximum, 73-6 flow, gradient series, 87-4 of gravity, 9-6, 70-1
maximum, traffic, 73-6 flow, missing part, 87-10 (fig) of mass, 70-1
moment, 50-9 flow, phantom, 87-4 (ftn) of pressure, 15-5, 15-10, 41-5
pedestrian, 73-21 flow, single payment, 87-3 of pressure, shapes, 15-9 (fig)
pile group, 38-5 flow, standard, 87-4 (fig) of rotation, 66-7
point, 38-2 flow, stepped, 87-10 of rotation method,
pull-out, 38-5 flow, superposition of, 87-10 instantaneous, 65-5, 65-6
reduction factor, 45-2, 50-5 flow, uniform series, 87-3 of twist, 45-17
sewer, 28-5 system, 87-34 of vision, 2-3
INDEX - C
shaft, 38-3 Cast -radius form, 7-10
shear, vertical stirrup, 50-22 (fig) iron, A-116, A-117, A-118 shear, 45-17, 59-15
skin friction, 38-3 -iron pipe, 16-9, 26-25, 28-3, A-44 torsional, 45-17
specific, 21-4 -iron pipe dimensions, A-44 Centerline velocity, 16-8
struck, 80-9 Catabolic, 27-9 Centipoise, 14-7
tensile, pile, 38-4, 38-5 Catabolism, G-4 Centistoke, 14-8
Capillarity, 14-12 Catalyst, 22-13 Central
Capillary Catalytic angle, curve, 79-2
action, 14-12 cracking, 24-2 force field, 72-19
water, G-4 reduction, selective, 34-19 impact, 72-18
Capital recovery method, 87-15, 87-16 Categorization, microbe, 27-4 limit theorem, 11-14
Capitalized cost Category oblique impact, 72-18 (fig)
87-7, 87-15 exposure, 48-10 tendency, 11-12
method, 87-15 severity, 75-11 view, 2-1
Capitalizing the asset, 87-20 Catena, G-4 Centrate, 30-18
Capture, particle, 32-7 Catenary, 41-19 Centrifugal
Car resistance, railroad, 75-4 cable, 41-19, 41-19 (fig) factor, 79-7
Carbamate, 32-12 parameter, 41-19 force, 72-4
Carbamide urea, 32-10 Cathodic protection, 48-10 pump, 18-2, 18-4 (fig)
Carbinol, 23-1 (tbl) Cation, 25-1, G-4 pump characteristic curve, 18-17 (fig)
Carbohydrate, 23-3 (tbl), 28-14 Cauchy pump efficiency curve, 18-9 (fig)
Carbon equation, 10-5 pump, partial emission, forced
activated, 34-3 number, 1-9 (tbl) vortex, 18-13 (ftn)
adsorption, 29-13 -Schwartz theorem, 5-3 pump, suction side, 18-2
dioxide, 31-6 (tbl) Cause, driver overload, 75-9 (tbl) ratio, unbalanced, 79-7
dioxide, emission, 32-5 Caustic Centrifugation, 30-18
dioxide, in leachate, 31-9 embrittlement, 22-20 Centrifuge, 30-18
dioxide, in water, 26-15 phosphate treatment, 22-24 kerosene equivalent, 76-14
dioxide, properties, 31-6 (tbl) Cavalier projection, 2-2, 2-3 Centripetal force, 72-4, 72-5 (fig)
-fiber-reinforced concrete, 48-7 Caveat emptor, 88-7 Centroid, 9-6, 42-1, A-114
fixed, 24-4 Cavitation, 18-14, 18-15 of a line, 42-3
granular activated, 26-14, 29-13, 34-3 coefficient, 18-16 of an area, 42-1
monoxide, emission, 32-5 corrosion, 22-20 of volume, 70-1
powdered activated, 29-13 number, critical, 18-16 plastic, 52-5
steel, 58-1 preventing, 18-15 weld group, A-125
Carbonaceous CBR, 35-29, 77-6 (fig) Centroidal
bacteria, 28-9 load, 35-30 (tbl) mass moment of inertia, 70-2
demand, G-4 CD test, 35-28 moment of inertia, 42-3, 42-4
Carbonate Cell, 31-3 Century storm, 20-5
hardness, 22-21 (ftn), 25-3, 26-15, G-4 bending beam load, 85-12 Ceramic ferrule, 64-4
hardness removal, 26-15 gram-negative, 27-2 Cesspool, 29-2
reaction with alkali, 48-2 height, 31-3 Cetane number, 24-7
Carbonic acid, 22-21, 22-23, 25-2, 31-9, membrane, 27-2 CFR, G-4
34-23 (ftn) photovoltaic, 85-4 CFSTR, 30-6
cgs system, 1-4 R-control, 11-16 Choked flow, 19-21

Chain sigma, 11-16 Chord, 17-40, 41-12, 61-1
add, 78-8 Taylor, slope stability, 40-7 basis, 79-3
breaking, G-3 Chat, G-4 distance, 79-4
cut, 78-8 Check, G-4 length, 17-40
engineer’s, 78-7 dam, 80-11 modulus, masonry, 67-4
Gunter’s, 78-7 erosion, 80-11 offset, 79-5 (fig), 79-6
surveyor’s, 78-7 the box taxation, 88-3 (ftn) Chronic hazard, 83-5, 83-6
Chair, 50-2 valve, 16-12 Churchill formula, 28-7, 28-8
Chalk, 35-32 Chelant, 22-24, 26-19 (ftn), 34-20 (ftn) Churn, 18-16
Challenger, 87-18 Chelate, 34-20 (ftn), G-4 Cilia, 27-8
Chamber Chelating agent, 26-19 (ftn), 34-20 Ciliate, 27-8
diversion, 29-13 Chelation, G-4 Cipoletti weir, 19-13
filter, 32-14 Chelator, 26-19 (ftn) Circle, 7-9, A-7
grit, 29-6 Chemical degenerate, 7-10
surge, 17-39, 18-24 application point, water formula, A-7
Change treatment, 26-3 (fig) Mohr’s, 42-8, 44-7
air, G-1 atomic weight, 22-2 segment, A-7
average, 11-16 class, 23-1 unit, 6-1
cordon, 73-27 concentration, 22-11 Circuit
order, 86-16 equations, balancing, 22-7 breaker, sizing, 84-8
Channel equilibrium, 22-13 potentiometer, 85-3 (ftn)
erodible, 19-26 flocculation, 29-8 Circular
nonrectangular, 19-18 formula, 22-4 beam, 50-21
open, 19-2 hazard, 83-4 blade pitch, 18-4
rectangular, 19-6, 19-8, 19-17 loading, 34-23 channel ratio, 19-5 (tbl)
routing, 20-23 names and formulas, A-88 channel ratios, A-75
steel, 61-2 oxygen demand, 28-12 channel, critical depth, A-76
transition, 19-16 precipitation, G-4 curve, 79-1
trapezoidal, 19-7, 19-8, 19-9 reaction, 22-6 member, 50-21
triangular, 19-7 scrubbing, 34-17 mil, 84-2, A-3
Channeling, 34-20 sedimentary rock, 35-32 motion, 71-7
pavement, 76-5 sedimentation basin, 29-8 permutation, 5-5
Channelization, 20-23, G-4 used in water treatment, A-103 pipe ratios, A-30, A-75
device, 73-31 Chemically active bed, 34-11 pipe, hydraulic element, A-30
taper, 73-31 Chemistry shaft, design, 45-14
Chaos theory, 85-2 (ftn) coefficient, 49-8 transcendental function, 6-2
Chaotic error, 85-2 inorganic, 23-1 Circulating fluidized-bed boiler, 34-11
INDEX - C
Char, 24-5 organic, 23-1 design, 34-11

Characteristic Chemocline, G-4 Circulation, 8-7, 17-40
dimension, 16-6 Chemoheterotroph, 27-4 area, pedestrian, 73-18
equation, 4-8, 10-1 Chemotroph, 27-4 Circumferential
flocculator-clarifier, 26-12 (tbl) Chert, 35-32 strain, 45-6
length, 19-18 Chezy stress, 45-4, 45-6
log, 3-5 coefficient, 19-4 Cis form, 3-8
of gasoline, 32-8 equation, 19-4 Civil
polishing, 76-4 -Manning equation, 19-4 complaint, 88-6
polynomial, 4-8 Chi-squared tort, 88-6 (ftn)
pump, 18-2, 18-12 degree of freedom, 11-7, 11-8 CJP
scale, 19-18 distribution, 11-7, A-13 weld, 66-2, 66-8
specific feed, 34-12 statistic, 11-8 Clam, 27-8
value, 4-8 test, 75-12 Clarification, 29-7
valve, 16-13 Chloramination, 26-21 zone, 30-14
vector, 4-8 Chloramine, 25-9, 28-13, G-4 Clarifier
Characteristics Chlordane, 32-12 chemical, 29-8
activated sludge plant, 30-3, 30-5 Chlorinated final, 29-12, 30-4
aeration, 30-2 organic, 32-12 -flocculator, 26-12
aerobic digester, 30-16 pesticide, 32-12 grit, 29-6
anaerobic digester, 30-17 polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe, A-38 intermediate, 29-12
final clarifier, 30-5 Chlorination, 26-20, 28-13, 32-6 plain sedimentation, 29-7
municipal solid waste, 31-2 (tbl), 31-10 alternatives, 25-10 secondary, 29-12
rotating biological contactor, 29-12 breakpoint, 26-20, G-3 Class, G-4
sedimentation basin, 29-7 contact tank, 29-13 I highway, 73-12
sludge, 30-13 pretreatment, 26-2 II highway, 73-12
wastewater, 28-6 split, G-13 III two-lane highway, 73-12
Charcoal, activated, 34-3 targeted, 32-6 asset, 87-20
Charge wastewater, 29-13 A surface, 65-3
electric, 84-2 Chlorinator, flow-pacing, 29-13 B surface, 65-3
equilibrium, 34-9 Chlorine, 26-20, 32-6 C fly ash, 77-12
number, 22-3 (tbl), 22-4 alternatives, 29-13 construction, 82-8
Charpy test, 43-15 demand, 28-13, G-4 F fly ash, 77-12
Chart dioxide, 26-21 limit, 11-10
alignment, column, 53-3, 61-3 (fig) dose, 26-20, 28-13 occupancy, 82-6
bar, 86-9 dose, well, 21-4 pipe, 16-10
c-, 11-16 in pesticide, 32-12 property, bolt, 45-9, 45-10
Cox, 14-10 in water, 25-9 survey, 78-5
Gantt, 86-9, 86-10 total residual, 32-6, 34-8 Classical adjoint, 4-5
influence, 40-2 Chlorofluorocarbon, 32-5 Classification
Moody friction factor, 17-6 Chloroplast, 27-2 culvert flow, 19-28 (fig)
Newmark, 40-2 Chlorothalonil, 32-12 industry, 83-2 (ftn)
p-, 11-16 Chlorpyrifos, 32-12 soil, 35-3, 83-2
particle size distribution, 35-3 Choke, 19-21 soil, AASHTO, 35-4, 35-5
I N D E X I-11
soil, Unified, 35-4, 35-6 (tbl) technology, clean, 24-5 of flow, 17-30
soil, USCS, 35-4, 35-6 (tbl) upgrading, 24-5 of friction, 72-6, 72-7, 75-5
Classified label, 82-3 Coarse of friction, static, 15-12
Clastic sedimentary rock, 35-32 aggregate, 48-2, 76-3 of friction, tire, 75-5
Clause, boilerplate, 88-4 aggregate, bulk volume, 77-4 (tbl) of friction, typical, 72-6 (tbl)
Clausius-Clapeyron equation, 14-10 (ftn) aggregate, PCC, 77-3 of gradation, 35-2
Clay, 35-3 aggregate, properties, 49-1 of heat transfer, overall, 30-17
bearing capacity, 36-5 screen, wastewater, 29-6 of lateral earth pressure, 38-3
bentonite, 40-10 Coat of lift, 17-40
braced cut, 39-2 prime, G-11 of liquid mass transfer, 34-21
cap, 31-5 seal, G-12 of passive earth pressure, 37-4
cohesion, 35-27, 38-3 tack, G-14 of permeability, 21-2
consistency, 35-22 Coating of restitution, 72-17
consolidation curve, 40-4 (fig) asphaltic, 16-11 of road adhesion, 75-5
cut in soft, 39-3 (fig) bituminous, 16-11 of rolling friction, 72-8
cut in stiff, 39-3 (fig) pipe, 16-11 of rolling resistance, 72-8
formation, 35-32 tar, 16-11 of secondary consolidation, 40-6
heave, 39-3 COD, 28-12 of skidding friction, 75-6 (tbl)
liner, 31-4 Code of the instrument, 17-28
overconsolidated, 40-3, 40-4 (fig) adjunct, 82-2 of thermal expansion, piping, 34-17 (tbl)
pipe, vitrified, 16-9, 28-4 building, 58-5, 82-1, 82-2 of thermal resistance, 85-6
raft on, 36-9, 36-11 model, 82-1 of transformation, 5-3
sensitivity, 35-29 National Electrical, 84-8 of transmissivity, 21-3
slope stability, 40-7 of ethics, 89-1 of uniformity, 21-5
varved, 40-4 of Federal Regulations, 83-1 of variation, 11-13
versus sand, 36-1, 36-2 Coding, 75-10 of velocity, 17-17, 17-29, 18-22
Clean Coefficient of viscosity, 14-6
coal technology, 24-5 absorption, 31-9 of viscous damping, 72-19
-out, G-4 ACI, shear, 47-19 orifice, 17-17 (tbl)
Cleaning coal, 24-5 active earth pressure, 37-3 oxygen saturation, 30-9
Cleanup air resistance, 75-3 partition, 27-2, G-10
advanced flue gas, 34-4 binomial, 11-2, 11-4 pipe, 16-8
flue gas, 32-2 BPTSF estimation, 73-14 (tbl) roughness, 17-8
Clear cavitation, 18-16 saturation, 67-5
distance, 50-8 chemistry, 49-8 shear, ACI, 47-19
zone, 75-13 Chezy, 19-4 skin friction, 17-5 (ftn), 17-45, 38-3
Clearance, G-4 conductivity, 35-23 slip, 65-3
period, all-red, 73-21 constant, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 smoothing, 87-42
INDEX - C
Clearwell, 26-13 Coriolis, 19-27 solubility, 22-10
Client, dealing with, 89-2 correlation, 11-17 spillway, 19-13
Clinker, 24-3 discharge, venturi, 17-30 stability, 53-2
Clinographic projection, 2-3 distribution, G-5 Steel rainfall, 20-6
Close-sheeting, 39-1 drag, 17-41 storage, 21-3
Closed drag, cars, 17-41 strength, 43-5, 76-22
box, 45-15 drainage, 31-7, 76-22, 77-6 thermal expansion, 44-4
-loop recovery system, 34-4 earth pressure, 37-5 torque, 45-13
traverse, 78-13 end condition, 61-3 unit weight, 49-8
Closely held corporation, 88-2 end restraint, 45-3 (tbl) valve flow, 17-13
Closure endogenous decay, 28-7, 30-7 viscous, 72-19
in departure, 78-15 film, 30-17 volumetric expansion, 44-4
in latitude, 78-15 flexibility, 47-8 web plate buckling, 63-2
traverse, 78-15 (fig) friction, 65-3 yield, 27-11, 30-7, 30-13
Cloth filter, 40-10, 80-11 friction, dynamic, 75-5 Cofactor
Cloud point, 24-7 gas absorption, 31-9 (tbl) expansion by, 4-3
Cloverleaf half-velocity, 28-6 matrix, 4-1
full, 73-25 Hazen uniformity, 35-2 of entry, 4-2
interchange, 73-25 Horton, 19-13 Cofferdam, 39-5
Cluster layer, 76-22 cellular, 39-6
information, 81-1 linear expansion, 44-3, 44-4 double-wall, 39-6
stake, 81-1 linear thermal expansion, 44-4 (tbl) liner-plate, 39-8
CMP, 16-11, A-73 load transfer, 77-7 single-wall, 39-7
Co-firing, 31-11 loss, 17-12, 17-13 (tbl), 17-14 vertical-lagging, 39-8
CO2, ultimate, 24-13 Manning’s roughness, 19-4, A-73 Cogener, 22-2
Coagulant, 26-8, 29-8 mass-transfer, 34-21 Coherent unit system, 1-2 (ftn)
dose, 26-9 matrix, 4-6 Cohesiometer, Hveem, 76-14
Coagulation, 29-8 maximum specific growth rate, 28-6 Cohesion, 14-12 (ftn), 35-26, 43-8
Coal, 24-4 maximum yield, 28-6 clay, 35-27
anthracite, 24-4 method of loss, 17-12 gravel, 35-27
ash, 24-3 method of undetermined, 10-4 intercept, 35-26
bituminous, 24-4 minor entrance loss, 19-28 (tbl) sand, 35-27
blending, 32-8 neutral stress, 21-9 soil, 35-26
cleaning, 24-5 nozzle, 18-22 Cohesionless soil, 37-2
dry ultra-fine, 32-7 of absorption, 22-10 Cohesive soil, 37-2
formation, 35-32 of compressibility, 14-13, 40-5 Coke, 24-5
lignite, 24-4 of consolidation, 40-5 -oven gas, 24-8 (ftn)
lump, 24-4 of contraction, 17-18, 17-30 Cold
micronized, 24-5 (ftn) of creep, 56-3 cracking pavement, 76-5
nut, 24-4 of curvature, soil, 35-2 flow, 43-16
property, 24-5 (tbl) of discharge, 17-18, 17-30 in-place recycling, 76-28
run-of-mine, 24-4 of drag, 17-41 planing, 76-28
substitution/blending, 32-15 of earth pressure at rest, 37-5
tar epoxy, 16-11 of expansion, thermal, 14-13 (ftn)
train, 76-28 heat of, 24-14, A-94 mixing, G-4

weather, 49-6 incomplete, 24-12 mixing model, 26-10
-weather concrete, 49-6 loss, 24-16 -penetration groove weld, 66-2, 66-8
Colding equation, 31-7 pressurized fluidized-bed, 24-5 Completion time, 86-14
Colebrook equation, 17-5, 17-6 product, incomplete, 34-14 Complex
Coli, Escherichieae, G-6 reaction, 24-8, 24-9 conjugate, 3-8
Coliform, 27-8, G-4 reaction, ideal, 24-9 (tbl) Golgi, 27-2
fecal, 27-8, G-6 staged, 34-20 matrix, 4-1
Collapsing pressure, 45-5 (ftn) stoichiometric, 24-9 number, 3-1, 3-7
Collection efficiency, 26-6, 26-7 temperature, 24-15 number operation, 3-8
baghouse, 34-6 Combustor plane, 3-7
ESP, 34-9 bubbling-bed, 34-10 power, 84-6
generic collector, 34-19 fluidized-bed, 34-10 (fig) Component
venturi scrubber, 34-19 Comfort, curve length, 79-17 alias, 9-8 (ftn)
Collector, 28-2 Comity, 90-2 key, 34-21
data, 78-5 Comminutor, 29-7, G-4 moment, 41-3
road, 73-3 Common of a vector, 5-2
sewer, 28-2 bolt, 65-1 Composite
Collinear, 7-2 borrow, 80-2 action, 57-1
force system, 41-6 curvature, point of, 79-6 action, bridge deck, 57-4
Collision, 72-17, 75-15 excavation, 80-2 action, full, 64-3
diagram, 75-11, 75-17, 75-18 (fig) ion effect, 22-13 action, multi-wythe wall, 68-14
Colloid, 34-23, G-4 logarithm, 3-5 action, partial, 64-3
Colloidal material, 14-7 ratio, 3-11 beam, 64-1
Color in water, 25-8 size financial statement, 87-34 (ftn) beam cross section, 64-1 (fig)
Column, 45-2 Communication factor, 26-24 beam, deflection design model, 64-2 (fig)
alignment chart, 53-3, 61-3 (fig) Commutative beam design, 64-4
analysis, 61-5 law of addition, 3-3, 4-4 beam, strength design model, 64-3 (fig)
base plate, 61-9, 61-10 (fig) law, multiplication, 3-3 concrete member, 57-1
braced, 45-3, 53-2, 53-5 set, law, 11-2 construction, 64-1
concrete, 52-2 Compact grid deck, unfilled, 57-4
design, 61-5 beam, 59-2 load, 57-3
design strength, 52-3 section, 59-2, 61-6 pile, 38-1
eccentricity, 52-3, 52-6 Compacted spring constant, 45-20
eccentricity, minimum, 69-3 cubic yard, 80-1 steel member, 64-1
effective length, 53-3 -measure, 80-1 structure, 44-19
end coefficient, 45-3 Compaction, G-4 Compositing, wastewater, 28-15
footing, 36-2, 55-3 equipment, 35-19 (fig) Composition
INDEX - C
ideal, 61-2 factor, 31-3 atmospheric air, 30-8 (tbl)

intermediate, 45-4, 61-4 relative, 35-18 biomass, 27-11
laced, 61-2 (ftn) relative, suggested, 35-20 dry air, 24-8 (tbl)
latticed, 61-2 (ftn) Compactness, 59-2 percentage, 22-6
long, 52-1, 53-1, 61-4 Compactor Compost, 30-20
masonry, 69-1 gyratory, Superpave, 76-15 Compostable plastic, 32-13
matrix, 4-1 kneading, 76-14 Composting
rank, 4-5 (ftn) Company health, 87-35 in-vessel, 30-20
short, 52-1 Comparative sludge, 30-20
slender, 45-2 analysis, 87-17 static pile, 30-20
spiral, 52-2 negligence, 88-6 Compound, 22-4, G-4
spiral wire, 52-3 Comparison amount factor, 87-5
steel, 61-1 alternative, 87-4 binary, 22-4
strip, moment distribution, 51-7 (tbl) test, 3-12 corrosion-resisting, 48-3
strip, slab, 51-6 Compartment water quality, 32-14 curve, 79-6
tied, 52-2 Compass rule, 78-15 interest, 87-11
unbraced, 53-2, 53-5 Compatibility method, 46-2 organic, 23-1
Combination, 11-2 Compensation organic, family, 23-3
air valve, 16-14 footing, 36-9 properties, A-103
direct, 22-6 level, G-4 ternary, 22-4
section, compression, 61-8 Compensatory tertiary, 22-4
Combined damages, 88-7 volatile, inorganic, 32-16
ash, 32-5 fraud, 88-6 volatile, organic, 28-14, 32-16, G-15
footing, 36-2 Competent person, OSHA Compounding
residual, 25-9, G-4 crane, 83-10, 83-11 discrete, 87-7 (tbl)
residual, available, 28-13 excavation, 83-4 period, 87-28
residual, unavailable, 28-13 Competitive bidding, 89-3 Comprehensive Consensus Codes, 82-1
sewer overflow, 29-13 Complaint, 88-6 Compressed soil pressure, 37-2
sewer system, 28-2 civil, 88-6 Compressibility, 14-1, 14-13
stress, 44-5 (fig) Complement set, 11-1 adiabatic, 14-13
system, G-4 law, 11-2 coefficient of, 14-13, 40-5
Combining weight, 22-6 Complementary factor, 14-13 (ftn)
Combustible angle, 6-2 index, 35-25
analysis, 24-2 equation, 10-1 isentropic, 14-13
loss, 24-16 error function, 11-8, A-15 isothermal, 14-13
Combustion error function values for positive Compressible fluid flow, 17-32
atmospheric fluidized-bed, 24-5 x values, A-15 Compression
chamber, primary, 34-13 probability, 11-4 adiabatic, 15-14
chamber, secondary, 34-13 solution, 10-3 air, 30-9
complete, 24-12 Complete -controlled section, 50-5
data, 24-10 (tbl) combustion, 24-12 -controlled strain limit, 50-5
efficiency, 24-16 filtration, 26-2 index, 35-25, 40-4
fluidized-bed, 24-5 isothermal flow equation, 17-10 index, secondary, 40-6
heat equivalents, A-94 -mix aeration, 30-3, 30-6 isentropic, 30-9
I N D E X I-13
isothermal, 15-13 grout-bonded, 77-13 maximum moment, 50-9 (fig)

line, virgin, 35-24 high-performance, 48-6 natural gas, standard, 24-2
member, 61-8 (fig) high-slump, 48-3 nonlubricated, 72-6
member, steel, 61-1 high-strength, 48-6 oily, 72-6
polytropic, 15-14 honeycomb, 49-5 standard, 14-4, 24-2
ratio, 40-4 hot mix asphaltic, 76-2 undersaturated, 73-28
strength, concrete, 77-3 (tbl) hot-weather, 49-6 wet, 72-6
strength, masonry, 67-3 ingredient proportions, typical, 48-1 (tbl) Conditional
wave speed, 17-38 interaction diagram, reinforced convergence, 3-13
zone, 30-14 concrete, A-135, A-136,A-137, A-138, probability, 11-4
Compressive A-139, A-140, A-141,A-142, A-143, probability of failure, 11-9
development length, 55-6 A-144, A-145, A-146, A-147, A-148, Conditioner, sludge, 22-24
failure, 43-8 (fig) A-149, A-159, A-160, A-161, A-162, Conditioning, particle, 34-9
grout, 67-6 A-163, A-164 Conductance, 84-2, 84-5
stiffened, unstiffened element, 61-6 (fig) latex-modified, 77-13 Conductivity, 84-2
strength, 43-8 lightweight, 48-4, 48-6, 48-7 coefficient, 35-23
strength, concrete, 48-4 lightweight aggregate factor, 48-6 (tbl) hydraulic, 21-2
strength, masonry, 67-3 masonry unit, 67-1 water, 25-11, 26-19
strength, steel column, 61-4 member, composite, 57-1 Conduit
strength, unconfined, 35-29 mixing, 49-2, 49-5 buried, 40-8
Compressor efficiency, 30-9 mixture, proportioning, 77-2 pressure, 16-5
Concave, 7-2 MMA, 48-7 Cone
down curve, 7-2 modulus of elasticity, 48-5 (fig) influence, 40-2
up curve, 7-2 modulus of rupture, 48-6 of depression, 21-5, 80-11, G-5
Concavity, 7-2 nonvibration, 48-7 penetrometer test, 35-18
Concentrated force, 41-2 normalweight, 48-4, 48-6, 48-7, G-4 Confidence
plate girder, 63-5 pavement (see also type), 77-1 interval, 78-2
Concentration permeability, exposure category P, 48-10 level, 11-14
-cell corrosion, 22-19 pipe, 16-9, 16-10, 28-3, A-42, A-43 level, z-values, 11-15 (tbl)
chemical species, 22-11 pipe, prestressed, 16-10 limit, 11-15, 78-2
curve, 20-7 pipe, reinforced, 16-10 limit, one-tail, 11-15 (tbl)
geometric stress, 44-4 placing, 49-5 limit, two-tail, 11-15 (tbl)
ionic, 22-12 plain, G-4 Configuration, weaving segment, 73-26
metal, 28-15 Poisson’s ratio, 48-6 Confined
saturation, 22-9 polymer, 48-7, 77-13 aquifer, 21-2
stress, 44-4 post-tensioned, 56-2 compression test, 35-24
stress, press-fit, 45-8 pressure, lateral, 49-8 space, 83-6
time of, 20-3, G-14 prestressed, 56-2 water, G-5
INDEX - C
volatile suspended solids, 30-5 prestressed, AASHTO tensile stress Confinement term, 55-5
Concentrator, rotor, 34-4 limit, 56-7 (tbl) Confining stress, 35-26
Concentric pretensioned, 56-2 Confirmed test, G-5
connection, 65-1 reinforced, beam, 50-1 Conflagration, G-5
connection, shear, 65-4 reinforced, slab, 51-1 Congestion pricing, 73-27
cylinder viscometer, 14-6 (ftn) retarder, 49-8 Congruency, 7-3
loading, 44-12 roller-compacted, 48-7, 76-29 Conic section, 7-8
shear connection, 65-4 sand-lightweight, 48-7 Conical pile, 80-4 (fig)
tension connection, 66-4 section, doubly reinforced, 50-24 Conjugate
Concrete, 48-1, A-42, A-43, G-4 segregation, 49-5 axis, 7-11
AASHTO compressive stress limit, self-compactible, 48-7 beam method, 44-15, 44-16, 47-6
prestressing tendon, 56-8 (tbl) self-consolidating, 48-7 beam support, 47-6
all-lightweight, 48-6, 48-7 self-placing, 48-7 complex, 3-8
asphalt, 76-2, 76-8, 76-10 shear strength, 48-6, 50-20 depth, 19-23, 19-26, G-5
asphalt, mixture, 76-4 shrinkage, compensating, 48-2 Connate water, G-5
barrier, highway, 75-13 shrinkage-compensating, 48-2 Connection
beam, deflection, 50-15, 50-17 slump, 49-1 bearing, 65-2
beam, doubly reinforced, 50-24 steel fiber-reinforced, 77-13 bolt, 45-10
beam, shear strength, 50-21 strength acceptance testing, 49-1 bolted, 65-2 (fig)
bituminous, 76-10 stress-strain curve, 48-5 (fig) concentric, 65-4
carbon-fiber-reinforced, 48-7 structural lightweight, G-5 concentric, tension, 66-4
cold-weather, 49-6 sulfate, 48-10 eccentric, 45-18, 65-1, 65-5, 66-5
column, 52-2 sulfur, 76-29 flexible, 65-7
column, long, 53-1 sulfur-asphalt, 76-29 framing, 65-7
components, properties, 49-1, 49-2 sulfur-extended, 76-29 fully restrained, 65-7
compressive strength, 48-4 (fig) test cylinder, 48-4 moment-resisting, 65-7
consolidation, 49-5 tremie, 40-10 moment-resisting framing, 65-8 (fig)
cooling, 48-5 wall, 54-1 nonconcentric, tension, 66-5
corrosion, exposure category C, 48-10 water pipe, 26-25 partially restrained, 65-7
cover, 50-8, 50-14 workability, 49-1 pinned, 60-7
curing, 48-4, 49-5 Concurrent force system, 41-6 plate, 60-7
cylinder pipe, prestressed, 16-10 Condemnation, G-5 reduction value, 60-3 (tbl)
deck system, bridge, 51-8 inverse, G-8 rigid framing, 65-7
deck, empirical design, 51-8 Condensate polishing, 22-24 shear, 65-4
deck, traditional design, 51-9 Condenser, cooling water, 32-6 simple framing, 65-7
density, 15-12 (ftn), 48-4 Condensing vapor, 34-22 slip-critical, 65-3
-disintegration cracking, 48-2 Condition tension, 65-6
durability, 49-1 anoxic, 27-6 type 1, 65-7
fiber-reinforced, 48-3, 48-7 antecedent moisture, 20-17 type 2, 65-7
flowable, 48-7 antecedent runoff, 20-17 type 3, 65-7
footing, 55-1 dry, 72-6 Connector, 65-1
form, 49-6 equilibrium, 41-6 material, 58-4
formwork, 49-6 factor, 74-4 shear, 57-2, 64-1, 64-4
full-depth asphalt, 76-26 (fig) international standard metric, 24-2 shear-stud, 64-3
steel, 58-4 stability, 22-15 joint, 77-11

stud, 64-4 storage, 21-3 nappe, 19-11
Conscious, order, 11-2 temperature variation, 28-8 sudden, 17-13
ConsensusDOC, 88-5 (ftn) thermoelectric, 85-7 Contractor, 88-4
Consequential damages, 88-8 thermoelectric, prime, 88-4
Conservation thermocouple, A-175, A-176 Contraflexure point, 7-2, 8-2, 44-17
energy, 16-1 time, 3-11 Contrast sensitivity, 75-9
law of momentum, 17-33, 72-2 torsional, 59-4 Contributing factor
Consideration, 88-3 universal gas, 14-10 bicyclist and pedestrian crash,
Consistency, 75-10 value dollars, 87-39 75-11 (tbl)
clay, 35-22 warping, 59-3, 59-4 crash, 75-10 (tbl)
concrete, 48-4 Constituent, principal organic crash at intersection, 75-11 (tbl)
Consistent hazardous, 34-13 Control
deformation method, 44-19, 46-2, 47-7 Constrained chart, 11-16
system, 3-7 cylinder, instantaneous delay, 73-14
unit system, 1-2 center, 72-12 (fig) downstream, 19-21
Consolidated motion, 72-11 (fig) erosion, 80-10
clay, normally, 40-3 Construction erosion, fabric, 80-11
-drained test, 35-28 class, 82-8 inlet, 19-27
normally, 35-24 class coefficient, 26-23 joint, 77-11
normally, curve, 40-4 contract, 88-3 (ftn) NOx, 24-5
soil, normally, G-10 cost, 86-4 odor, 29-3
-undrained test, 35-28 joint, 77-2, 77-12 of access, G-5
volume method, 49-2 joist, 50-21 on flow, 19-21
Consolidation, 40-3, G-5 lien, 88-5 outlet, 19-27
clay, 36-2 manager, 88-5 pollution, 32-1
coefficient of, 40-5 sequencing, 86-8 SO2, 24-5
concrete, 49-5 shored, 57-3 station, 78-7
curve, 40-3, G-5 slip-form, 77-1, 77-2 sub-task, 75-8
curve, clay, 40-4 (fig) stake, 81-1 upstream, 19-21
degree of, 40-5 time, 86-8 zone, temporary traffic, 73-31
parameters, 40-5 (fig) unshored, 57-3 Controlled low-strength material, 48-8
primary, 40-3, 40-4 Consulting engineer, 90-1 Controller
rate, primary, 40-5 Consumer risk, 11-15 activated, 73-20
secondary, 40-3, 40-5 Consumption, fuel, 75-3, 75-4 fixed-time, 73-19
secondary, coefficient of, 40-6 Contact multi-dial, 73-19
test, 35-24 angle, 14-12 on-demand, 73-20
time factors, 40-5 stabilization, 30-3 traffic-activated, 73-20
INDEX - C
virgin, 35-24 tank, 30-4 Convention

Constant tank, chlorinator, 29-13 dust size, 32-7
acid, 22-15 unit, solid, 26-12 sign, 44-5 (fig)
acid dissociation, A-92 Contactor, biological, rotating, 29-11 year-end, 87-3
base, 22-15 Containment Conventional
base dissociation, A-93 landfill, 31-2 aeration, 30-3
bridge, 85-11 multiple pipe, 34-16 filtration, 26-2
Calvert’s, 34-18 wall, 40-10 Convergence
coefficient, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 Contaminant level, maximum, 25-6, 28-15 absolute, 3-13
deflection, 85-12 Content conditional, 3-13
deoxygenation, 28-8 moisture, 35-7 tests for, 3-12
dielectric, 34-9 water, 35-7 Convergent
dissociation, 22-15 Contingency cost, 86-5 sequence, 3-10
elastic, 43-9 Continuing curve, point of, 79-6 series, 3-12
elastic relationship, 43-9 (tbl) Continuity equation, 17-3 Converging-diverging nozzle, 17-29
equilibrium, 22-15 Continuous Conversion
Euler’s, 9-9 beam, 46-1, 46-5 factor, A-1, A-2
force, 72-2 compounding, 87-28 factor, SI, A-3
force, work, 13-2 (fig) compounding, discount power, 13-6 (tbl)
formation, 22-15 factor, 87-28 (tbl) viscosity, 14-8
gravitational, 1-2, 72-20 distribution function, 11-6 Convex, 7-2
growth rate, 3-11 -flow stirred tank reactor, 30-6 hull, 7-2, 7-3
Hazen-Williams, A-50 plastic design, 59-11 Convexity, 7-3
-head test, 35-23 Continuously reinforced concrete Conveyance, 19-4, 19-8
Henry’s law, 22-9 (tbl) pavement, 77-2 factor, Espey, 20-12
ionization, 22-15, 22-16 (tbl) Contour factor, open
Joule’s, 13-1 chart, Boussinesq, 40-2, A-112, A-113 channel, A-77, A-78, A-79, A-80
learning curve, 87-43 (tbl) index, 78-22 factor, trapezoidal
logistic growth rate, 27-4 interval, 78-22 channel, A-77, A-78, A-79, A-80
Manning, 19-4 line, 78-22 Conveyor, submerged scraper, 32-5
Manning’s roughness, A-73 Contract, 88-3 Convolution, integral, 10-6
matrix, 4-6 agent, 88-3 Cooling
meter, 17-29 breach, 88-6 concrete, 48-5
Newton’s gravitational, 72-20 construction, 88-3 (ftn) Newton’s law of, 10-10
Newton’s universal, 72-20 discharge of, 88-6 tower, 32-6
of integration, 9-1, 10-1 document, 88-3 (ftn) tower blowdown, 32-6
percentage method, 87-21 principal, 88-3 Coordinate, 71-1
reaction rate, 22-14, 34-7 privity, 88-7 fluid stream, 17-18 (fig)
reaeration, 28-7 requirements for, 88-3 free body diagram, 41-21
reoxygenation, 28-7 standard, 88-5 holonomic, 71-2
scaling, 34-6 (tbl) Contracta vena, 17-17 system, 7-3, 71-1
self-purification, 28-11 Contracted weir, 19-11 Coordination
slope barrier, 75-13 Contraction, 17-12, G-5 project, 86-15
spring, 44-3, 45-20 coefficient of, 17-18, 17-30 warrant, signalization, 73-18
I N D E X I-15
Coplanar, 7-2 effect of inflation, 86-7 concrete-disintegration, 48-2

force system, 41-6 effect of location, 86-7 reflection, 76-5
Copper, A-116, A-117, A-118 electricity, 18-9 shear, typical pattern, 50-20 (fig)
IACS, 84-2 equivalent uniform annual, 87-16 Cracked
loss, 84-17 estimating, 86-3 moment of inertia, 50-15 (fig), 53-3
pipe, 16-9 excavation, 80-9 transformed moment of inertia, 50-15
tubing, 16-9 financing, 86-5 Cracking, 24-2
tubing, dimensions, A-48 fixed, 86-9, 87-32 calculation parameter, 50-15 (fig)
water tubing, dimensions, A-47 fixed and variable, 87-32 (fig) (tbl) catalytic, 24-2
Copperas, 26-8 incremental, 87-32 concrete beam, 50-14
Cordon charge, 73-27 indirect, 86-9 concrete-disintegration, 48-2
Core, 44-13, 85-4 indirect material and labor, 87-33 hydrocarbon, 24-2
loss, 84-17 information, 86-7 moment, 50-15, 56-10
wire rope, 45-21 life-cycle, 87-20 pavement, 76-5
Coriolis movable equipment, 86-5 serviceability, 50-14
acceleration, 71-8, 71-9 of goods sold, 87-37 shrinkage, 48-2
coefficient, 19-27 of sales statement, 87-34 (ftn) strength, 40-9
Corner, meander, G-9 on, 86-9 stress-corrosion, 58-7
Cornering ratio, 79-7 operating, 86-9 thermal, 24-2
Corona operating and maintenance, 87-32 Cramer’s rule, 3-7, 4-7
back, 34-9 opportunity, 87-18 Crandall
current ratio, 34-10 overhead, 86-6 method, 78-15
power ratio, 34-10 plus fixed fee, 88-5 rule, 78-15
wire, 34-8 prime, 86-9, 87-33 Crane
Corporation, 88-2 professional services, 86-5 bridge, 59-16
C, 88-3 recovery period, 87-39 (ftn) hydraulic, truck, 83-9, 83-10
closely held, 88-2 research and development, 87-33 in motion chart, 83-11
professional, 88-2 road user, 73-27 load chart, 83-11
S, 88-3 semivariable, 87-32 safety, 83-10
subchapter C, 88-3 site development, 86-4 tower, 83-10 (fig)
subchapter S, 88-3 standard, 87-36 use, safety, 83-10
Correction standard factory, 87-36 Crash, 73-27, 75-15
factor, curved beam, 44-20 (tbl) sunk, 87-3 contributing factor, 75-10 (tbl)
overburden, 36-8 -time trade-off, 86-9 contributing factor, bicyclist and
surveyor’s tape, 78-8 (tbl) total, 87-33 pedestrian, 75-11 (tbl)
Correlation variable, 86-9, 87-32 contributing factor,
coefficient, 11-17 weighted, 87-31 intersection, 75-11 (tbl)
Germain, 29-11 weighted average, 87-31 cost estimate, societal, 75-19 (tbl)
INDEX - C
Othmer, 14-11 Costing matrix, 86-6 cushion, 75-13
Schulze, 29-11 Cotangent, hyperbolic, 6-5 data, 75-10, 75-15
Corrosion, 22-19 Coulomb, 84-2 estimation, 75-16
cavitation, 22-20 earth pressure theory, 37-3, 37-5 experience warrant, signalization, 73-18
concentration cell, 22-19 friction, 72-5 factor, 75-8
crevice, 22-19 Coulomb’s equation, 35-26 factor, bicyclist, 75-10
erosion, 22-19 Count, drag, 17-42 factor, intersection, 75-10
exposure category C, concrete, 48-10 Counterflexure point of, flexible factor, pedestrian, 75-10
fatigue, 22-20 bulkhead, 39-4, 39-5 factor, roadway segment, 75-10
fretting, 22-20 Counterflow mixer, 76-6 frequency, 75-16 (ftn)
galvanic, 22-18 Counterfort wall, 37-1 frequency data, 75-18 (fig)
intergranular, 22-19 Counterjib, 83-10 modification factor, 75-16
-resisting compound, 48-3 Countermeasure, 75-16 rate, 75-16 (ftn)
stress, cracking, 22-20 highway safety, 75-15 severity, 75-16
tendon, 56-6 Counterweight, 83-9, 83-10 site condition, 75-18
two-metal, 22-18 Couple, 41-4 (fig), 41-9 time, 86-9
Corrosive substance, 32-2 moment, 41-4 type, 75-15
Corrugated Coupling Crawl speed, 73-3
metal pipe, 16-11 fair, 83-7, 83-8 Credit, 87-34
steel pipe, 16-11 good, 83-7, 83-8 investment, 87-25
Corrugation, pavement, 76-5 moment, 41-4 investment tax, 87-25
Cosecant, hyperbolic, 6-5 multiplier, 83-7, 83-8 tax, 87-25
Cosine poor, 83-7, 83-8 Creed, 89-1
direction, 5-2, 7-5, 41-2 Coupon rate, 87-29 Creep, 43-16
first law of, 6-6 Course, base, G-2 coefficient of, 56-3
function, integral, 9-8, 9-9 Cover loss, 56-4
hyperbolic, 6-4, 41-19 concrete, 50-8, 50-14 modulus, plastic, 43-11
law of, 6-5 final, 31-5 pretension loss, 56-3
second law of, 6-6 plate, 61-2 primary, 43-16
versed, 6-4 plate, perforated, 61-2 rate, 43-16
Cost (see also type), 87-8, 87-32 specified, 50-8 (tbl) secondary, 43-16
accounting, 87-36 steel, 50-8 stage, 43-16 (fig)
aeration, 30-9 type, 20-17 strain, 43-16
analysis, life-cycle, 86-7 Coversed function, 6-4 strength, 43-16
annual capital, 73-27 Coversed sine, 6-4 test, 43-16
-benefit analysis, highway safety, 75-18 Cox chart, 14-10 Crenothrix, 27-6
-benefit ratio, 87-16 CPM, 86-11 Crest
building, 86-4 CPT value, 35-18 curve, 79-11, 79-14
capitalized, 87-7 CPVC pipe, 16-9, A-38 curve, length, 79-14, 79-15, 79-17
construction, 86-4 dimensions, A-38 dam, 15-11, 15-12
contingency, 86-5 Crack Crevice
direct, 86-9 alligator, 76-5 corrosion, 22-19
-effectiveness index, 75-19 salt, 22-24
-effectiveness method, 75-19 Crippling, web, 59-17
Criteria Cuesta, G-5 intensity-duration-frequency, 20-5

LOS performance, 73-12 Culvert, 17-19, 19-26 layout, 79-3
pollutant, 32-2 classification, 19-28 learning, 87-43
Critical design, 19-31 length, 79-3
activity, 86-11 entrance loss, 17-20 length, AASHTO required, 79-14 (tbl)
cavitation number, 18-16 flow classification, 19-28 (fig) length, comfort, 79-17
density, 73-6 pipe, 19-26 length, crest curve, 79-14, 79-15, 79-17
depth, 19-17, 38-2, A-76, G-5 simple pipe, 17-19 (fig) load-elongation, 43-2
depth, circular channel, A-76 Cumulative minimum radius, 79-8
distance, 17-5 frequency table, 11-11 number, NRCS, 20-16
excavation height, 39-3 mass fraction curve, 26-6 number, runoff, 20-18, 20-19
factor, 74-1 rainfall curve, 20-2 number, SCS, 20-16
fastener, 45-18 Cunette, G-5 overconsolidated, 40-4
flow, 16-7, 19-17, G-5 Cunningham parabolic, 79-5, 79-12
flow, nonrectangular channel, 19-18 correction factor, 34-9 performance, 18-16
flow, occurrence, 19-19 slip factor, 34-9 point of continuing, 79-6
gap, 73-6 Cup-and power, 43-5
lane group, 73-15 -bob viscometer, 14-6 (ftn) preconsolidation, 40-4
load, column, 45-2 -cone failure, 43-5 pump, 18-16
movement, 73-15 Curb q-, G-12
net area, 60-3 flare, 79-5 railway, 79-3
oxygen deficit, 28-11 inlet, 28-5 rating, G-12
part, 65-1 Cure rebound, 35-24
path, 86-9, 86-11 medium, asphalt, 76-2 recession, 20-7
path method, 86-11 rapid, asphalt, 76-2 recompression, 40-4
point, 8-2, 28-10, 28-11 slow, asphalt, 76-2 reloading, 35-24, 43-7
Reynolds number, 16-7 speed, asphalt, 76-2 resistance, 75-3, 75-5
section location, 50-21 (fig) Curing, G-5 S-, 27-4
section, one-way shear, 55-3 (fig) concrete, 48-4, 49-5 S-N, 43-9
section, shear in wall footing, 55-2 (fig) concrete cooling, 48-5 sag, 28-10, 79-11, 79-16
section, two-way shear, 55-3 (fig) moist, 48-5 spiral, 79-18, 79-19 (fig)
settling velocity, 26-7 process, 49-5 spiral, maximum radius, 79-21
slenderness ratio, 45-3, 61-4 Curl, 8-7 stationing, 79-3
slope, 19-3, G-5 Current stress-strain, 43-2 (fig), 43-4 (fig)
speed, 73-6 asset, 87-35 system, 18-16
speed, shaft, 26-12 circuit breaker, rated, 84-8 tail, 11-7
stress, 17-12 circuit breaker, trip, 84-8 transition, 79-18
stress, beam, 59-8 clear the, 84-8 trapezoidal loading, 41-6
INDEX - C
use, halon, 32-6 divider, 84-4 unloading, 43-7

velocity, 19-18, 26-6, G-5 electrical, 84-2 vertical, 79-11
velocity, sludge, 18-5, 18-6 electrical, effect on vertical, obstruction, 79-13 (fig)
volume-capacity ratio, 73-15 humans, 83-6 (tbl), 83-7 (tbl) vertical, railway, 79-22
zone, 16-7 liability, 87-35 vertical, symmetrical
Cross meter, 17-27 parabolic, 79-12 (fig)
-beam deck, 46-12 protection, circuit breaker, 84-8 vertical, through point, 79-13, 79-14
Hardy, Professor, 47-13 ratio, 87-35 vertical, unequal tangent, 79-17
product, 41-3 Curvature, 78-9 (fig) vertical, unsymmetrical, 79-17
product, triple, 5-5 coefficient of, soil, 35-2 virgin, 40-4
product, vector, 5-4 (fig) earth, 78-9 Wöhler, 43-9
section, 2-4 (ftn), 80-2, 80-3 point of, 79-3 zero air voids, 35-18
section for seven-wire presetressing Curve, 7-3 Curved beam, 44-20 (tbl)
tendon, typical, 56-5 (fig) area under standard normal, A-12 correction factor, 44-20 (tbl)
section, beam, type, 50-2 backwater, G-2 Cushion, crash, 75-13
section, most efficient, 19-9 balanced, 72-8 Cut
section, trapezoidal, 19-8 (fig) beginning, 79-3 and fill, 80-2
slope, adverse, 79-8 bell-shaped, 11-6 -and-sum method, 41-15
Crosswalk, 73-21 bounded exponential growth, 27-4 base of, 39-2
Crow’s foot, 81-3 circular, 79-1 braced, 39-1
measurement, 81-3 compound, 79-6 braced, clay, 39-2
Crown, 19-27 (ftn), 79-7 concave down, 7-2 braced, sand, 39-2
runoff, 79-8 concave up, 7-2 chain, 78-8
Crud, 22-24 (ftn), 26-18 concentration, 20-7 in sand, 39-2 (fig)
Crumb consolidation, 40-3 in soft clay, 39-3 (fig)
-rubber asphalt, 76-29 crest, 79-11, 79-14 in stiff clay, 39-3 (fig)
-rubber modified asphalt, 76-29 cumulative rainfall, 20-2 -off wall, 40-10
rubber modifier, 76-29 deflection angle, 79-4 (fig) -over, 87-23 (ftn)
Crushing strength, 40-9 degree, 7-3 -over point, 87-23 (ftn)
Crustacean, 27-4 degree of, 79-2, 79-3 score, -32
Crusting agent, 32-7 dissolved oxygen, sag, 28-10 sectioning, 2-4
Crystallization, water of, 22-5 drawdown, G-5 size, 34-8
CSO, 29-13 e-log p, 35-24, 40-3, 40-4 Cutback asphalt, 76-2
CSTR, 30-6 easement, 79-18 Cutoff, roughness width, 2-4
CTB, 48-8 elements, horizontal, 79-2 (fig) Cutting hardness, 43-13, 43-14
CU test, 35-28 end of, 79-3 Cyanazine, 32-12
Cube loaded in shear, 43-8 (fig) Euler’s, 45-3 Cycle
Cubic yard, 80-1 even symmetry, 7-4 fixed-time, 73-19
bank, 80-1 flow, 35-22, 43-5 freeze-thaw, 76-16
compacted, 80-1 graph, 7-3 hydrologic, 20-1, G-8
loose, 80-1 highway, 79-3 integrated gasification/combined, 24-5
Cue horizontal, 79-1 length, 73-16, 73-17
perceptual, 75-9 horizontal, through point, 79-6 (fig)
road message, 75-9 IDF, 20-5
I N D E X I-17
length, Greenshields, 73-17 Daylight Deflection, 44-3

length, resonant, 73-16 line, 81-4 and stiffness, 44-3 (tbl)
length, Webster’s equation, 73-16 stake, 81-4 angle, 78-12, 78-13, 79-4
Cyclic Days angle, curve, 79-4 (fig)
strain, 43-9 (ftn) away rate, 83-2 angle, spiral, 79-19
stress, 43-9 (ftn) supply of inventory on hand, 87-36 beam, 44-13, 44-14, 44-15, 44-17, 47-4
stress ratio, 40-11 DBF, 20-6 beam, equations, elastic, A-120, A-121,
Cycloalkene, 23-2 (tbl) DBP, 25-10 A-122, A-123
Cycloid, 7-4 DC bridge, 85-9 (ftn)
Cyclone, 34-7 machine, 84-16 concrete beam, 50-15
impactor, G-5 motor, A-174 concrete beam, long-term, 50-17
single, 34-7 DDT, 32-12 concrete beam, maximum, 50-17
Cylinder de Moivre’s theorem, 3-8 constant, 85-12
-operated pump, 18-2 de Morgan’s set, law, 11-2 control, minimum thickness, 51-2
pipe, prestressed concrete, 16-10 Dead design, model for composite
split, testing procedure, concrete, 48-6 load, 41-5, 45-2 (ftn), G-5 beam, 64-2 (fig)
thick-walled, 45-5, 45-6 load factor, 74-4 effect of, 62-2
Cylindrical coordinate system, 7-3 (fig) (tbl) Dead load pressure, 40-8, 40-9 frame, 47-5
Cypermethrin, 32-12 Deaeration, 28-1 immediate, 50-15
Cytoplasm, 27-2 Dealing with instantaneous, 50-15
Cytosol, 27-2 client, 89-2 maximum allowable, 50-18 (tbl)
employer, 89-2 prestressed member, 56-4
engineers, 89-3 serviceability, 50-15
D public, 89-3 slab, 51-2
supplier, 89-2, 89-3 steel beam, 59-5
D Death phase, 27-4 temperature test, 43-11
-cracking, 48-2 Debit, 87-34 truss, 44-17, 47-4
-factor, 73-5 Debt service, 86-5 two-way slab, 51-8
load strength, 40-9 Decay voltage, 85-10
D’Alembert principle, 72-5 coefficient, endogenous, 30-7 Deflectomete, falling weight, 76-16
D’Alembert’s paradox, 17-2 (ftn) endogenous, 28-7 Deformation, 46-2 (ftn)
Daily exponential, 10-9 consistent, method, 44-19
compounding basis, 87-28 half-life, 10-10 effect of, on internal forces, 53-2 (fig)
traffic, average, 73-4 radioactive, 10-9 elastic, 44-2, 46-2
Dalton’s law, 24-14, 31-6 rate, Velz, 29-11 linear, 47-3
Dam, 15-11 (fig) weld, 22-19 long-term, 50-17
flood control, 20-21 Decelerated flow, 19-21 thermal, 44-3
force on, 15-11 Deceleration braking, 75-6 Deformed bar, 48-9 (fig)
gravity, 15-12 (ftn) Dechlor, 26-21 Degenerate
RCC, 48-7, 48-8 Dechlorination, 26-21, 29-13, 32-6, 34-8 circle, 7-10
spillway, 19-13 Decile, 11-12 ellipse, 7-11
Damage (see also type) Decision sight distance, 79-11, G-5 Degradability, gas, 34-7 (tbl)
frost, 76-30 Deck, 57-4 Degradable plastic, 32-13
hydrogen, 22-20 bridge, 46-12, 48-7, 57-4 Degradation speed, 75-8
scale, KABCO, 75-16 bridge, orthotropic, G-10 Degree, 6-1
value, relative fatigue, 76-20 cross-beam, 46-12 of accuracy, 78-5
Damages, 88-7 metal, 57-4 of consolidation, 40-5
compensatory, 88-7 slab, 51-8 of curve, 7-3, 79-2, 79-3
consequential, 88-8 slab, precast concrete, girder, 51-9 of freedom, 11-7, 47-10, 71-1, 71-12
exemplary, 88-7 steel (see also Deck, metal), 57-4 of freedom, chi-squared, 11-7, 11-8
punitive, 88-6 Declaration, negative, 32-3 of indeterminacy, 41-7, 41-8, 46-1
INDEX - D
special, 88-7 Declination, 78-12 of kinematic indeterminacy, 47-10
Damaging flood, 20-6 east, 78-12 of polynomial, 3-3
Damper, pulsation (pump), 18-2 magnetic, 78-12 of reduction, 27-11
Damping, 87-42 minus, 78-12 of redundancy, 46-1
Dangerous section, 44-11 plus, 78-12 of saturation, 35-7, 73-15
Darcian velocity, 21-4 west, 78-12 of static indeterminacy, 47-7
Darcy, 21-2 Declining Dehydration, 23-2
equation, 17-6, 17-8 balance depreciation, 87-21 (ftn) Deicing chemical, 48-10
flux, 21-4 balance depreciation recovery, 87-26 Deionized water, 22-24
friction factor, 17-5 (ftn), A-51, A-52, balance method, 87-21, 87-26 Del operator, 8-7
A-53, A-54 growth phase, 27-4 Delay
velocity, 21-4 Decoloration time, 28-13 control, 73-14
-Weisbach equation, 17-6, 17-7 Decomposition, 22-6 geometric, 73-14
Darcy’s law, 21-3, 31-7, 35-23 aerobic, 27-9 incident, 73-14
DART rate, 83-2 anaerobic, 27-9 queueing, 73-14
Data anoxic, 27-9 Delta, G-5
accident, 75-15 end product of, 27-10 (tbl) -connection, 84-11
collector, 78-5 waste, 27-9 rosette, 85-12
crash, 75-10, 75-15 Decrease, average, 11-16 DELVO admixture system, 48-3
crash frequency, 75-18 (fig) Decrement, batter, 37-1, 37-12 Demand, 87-42
facility, 75-15 Deep biochemical oxygen, 28-8, G-3
spot speed, 73-4 beam, 50-27 carbonaceous, G-4
traffic volume, 75-15, 75-16 strength asphalt pavement, 76-2 chemical oxygen, 28-12
Date well, 80-11 chlorine, 28-13, G-4
exam, 90-3 Defect, spherical, 6-6 electrical, 84-7
maturity, 87-29 Defendant, 88-6 first-stage, G-6
Datum, 78-7 Defender, 87-18 multiplier, wastewater, 28-2
Davis Deficit multiplier, water, 26-22 (tbl)
equation, 75-5 critical oxygen, 28-11 nitrogen, G-10
equation, modified, 75-5 oxygen, 28-7 nitrogenous, 28-9
Definite integral, 9-1 (ftn), 9-4 oxygen, 30-9
oxygen, biochemical, 27-9 critical, 19-17, 38-2, A-76, G-5 time, 26-6, 29-7
second stage, G-12 critical, circular channel, A-76 time, hydraulic, 30-5, 30-8
starvation, 73-25 girder, 63-1 Detergent, 25-7
water, 26-20, 26-22 hydraulic, 16-6 (ftn), 19-3, G-8 Determinacy, 41-7
Demineralization, 26-22 impoundment, 20-19 Determinant, 4-3
Demineralized water, 22-24 normal, 19-6, G-10 Determinate
Denitrification, 27-9, 28-14 plate girder, 63-1 beam, type, 41-8 (fig)
anoxic, 27-6 pressure at a, 1-3 reaction, 41-8
Denitrifier, 27-6 profile, 19-22 statically, 41-7
Dense-graded mix, 76-3 side water, 29-7 truss, 41-13
Density -thickness ratio, 63-2 Deterministic method, 86-11
areal, 1-8 visual, 75-9 Detour, 73-31
areal, dust, 34-5 web, 63-1 Detrial mineral, G-5
buoyant, 35-7 Derivative, 8-1 Detritus, tank, 29-6
concrete, 15-12 (ftn), 48-4 directional, 8-6 Deuterium, 22-2
critical, traffic, 73-6 first, 8-1 Deuteron, 22-2
drainage, G-5 Laplace transform of, 10-6 Deutsch-Anderson equation, 34-9
dry, 35-7 second, 8-1 Devastating flood, 20-6
dry, maximum, 35-18 Derived Developed well, 21-4
equivalent fluid, 37-9 from rule, 32-2 Developer, 88-4
ESP power, 34-10 unit, 1-6 (tbl) Development length, 55-5
fluid, 14-3 Desalination, 26-22 masonry, 67-6
function, 11-4 Descartes’ rule of signs, 3-4 Deviate, standard normal, 11-12
function, probability, 11-4 Descriptive analysis, safety, 75-2 Deviation, standard
gauge, nuclear, 35-21 Design (see also type) log, 11-8
index, 35-8 allowable strength, 58-5 sample, 11-13
jam, G-9 basis flood, 20-6 Deviator stress, 35-26
jam, traffic, 73-6 beam-column, 62-3 Device
masonry, 15-12 (ftn) bearing stiffener, 63-4 channelization, 73-31
mass, 1-3 bearing strength, 59-18, 61-9 photoconductive, 85-4 (ftn)
moist, 35-7 capacity, 38-2, 73-5 photoemissive, 85-4 (ftn)
-on-the-run meter, 76-8 column, 61-5 pressure relief, 16-12
optical, 32-15 composite beam, 64-4 pressure-measuring, 15-2 (tbl)
optimum, 73-6 concrete deck, traditional, 51-9 Dew point, 24-14
pedestrian, 73-21 culvert, 19-31 flue gas, 24-14
power, ESP, 34-10 doubly reinforced section, 50-25 Dewatering, 26-13, 80-11, G-5
relative, 35-8, 35-17 filtering velocity, 34-5 groundwater, 31-7
saturated, 35-7 flange, 63-2 sludge, 30-18
soil, 35-7 flood, 20-5, 20-6 Dezincification, 22-19
solid, 35-8 girder web, 63-2 dfg, 24-16
submerged, 35-8, 36-8 hour volume, 73-4 Diagnosis
test, field, 35-21 interaction diagram, 52-5 procedure, transportation network, 75-17
test, in-place, 35-21 intermediate stiffener, 63-4 transportation network, 75-17
total ramp, 73-9 life, 76-19 Diagonal
traffic, 73-6 limit states, 58-5 bracing, 53-2
weight, 1-3 load and resistance factor, 58-5 matrix, 4-1
wet, 35-7 mechanistic-empirical, 77-11 parking, 73-22
zero air voids, 35-18 method, 58-5 shear reinforcement, 50-20
zero-voids, 35-8 pavement, methodology, 77-7 tension stress, 50-20
Denting, 22-24 (ftn) period, 76-19 Diagram
INDEX - D
Deoxygenation, 28-8, G-5 power, 72-7 (ftn) cash flow, 87-3, 87-11 (fig)
rate constant, 28-8 procedure, shear reinforcement, 50-23 collision, 75-11, 75-17, 75-18 (fig)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 27-2 professional, 88-7 coordinate, free-body, 41-21
Departure, 78-13 (fig) resilient modulus, percentile, 76-25 (tbl) drawing, shear and moment, 44-9
tangent, 79-2 sequencing, 86-8 free-body, 41-8
Dependent slab, flexure, 51-3 indicator, 85-14
event, 11-3 slab, shear, 51-3 influence, 41-10, 46-8, 46-9, 46-11,
system, 71-12 slip resistance, 65-3 46-12, 46-13
variable, 3-2 speed, 73-3, 73-4 interaction, 52-5, 52-6
Depletion, 87-24 speed, minimum, 73-4 (tbl) mass, 20-21, 80-6
allowance, 87-24 storm, 20-4, 20-5 moment, 44-8
Deposit alluvial, G-1 strength, 50-2, 50-5, 52-3 plastic moment, 59-14
Deposition, G-5 T-beam, 50-17 profile, 80-6
Depreciation, 87-20, 87-21 tension member, 60-6 Rippl, 20-21
accelerated, 87-22 tension member, LRFD, 60-6 (fig) shear, 44-8
basis, 87-20 traffic, 76-17 time-space, 73-19
bonus, 87-23 vehicle, 73-3 valve, 16-13 (tbl)
calculation, summary, 87-27 (tbl) vehicle, standard, 73-3, 73-4 (tbl), 76-18 Venn, 11-1 (fig)
period, 87-20 weathering steel, 58-6 Diameter
rate, 87-21, 87-22 Desorption aerodynamic equivalent, 32-7
recovery, 87-26 gas, 34-2 (ftn) changes, tapered, 17-13
Depression thermal, 34-22 equivalent, 16-6 (ftn) (tbl), 17-43
angle, 6-2 Destruction removal efficiency, 34-13 hydraulic, 16-6 (ftn), 17-9, 19-3
cone of, 21-5, 80-11, G-5 Destructive test, 43-14, 82-4 Diametral
storage, G-5 Desulfurization, flue gas, 24-5, 34-2 interference, 45-6
tailwater, 18-24 Detector strain, 45-6
Depth, 2-2 light-sensitive, 85-4 Diamond interchange, 73-24
alternate, 19-16, G-1 resistance temperature, 85-5 Diaphragm
-area-duration, G-5 -transducer, 85-3 flexible, 68-12
brink, 19-19 Detention (see also Retention) gauge, 15-2
concrete beam, minimum, 50-17 period, 26-6, 29-7 pump, 18-3
conjugate, 19-23, 19-26, G-5 surface, G-14 rigid, 68-12
I N D E X I-19
Dieldrin, 32-12 prestressing tendon, 56-6 single, 22-7

Dielectric constant, 34-9 seamless steel boiler tubing, A-49 virtual, 46-10
Diene, 23-1 (ftn) Dimetric view, 2-3 Disposal
Diesel Dimictic, G-5 dilution, G-5
-electric locomotive, 75-5 Dimiper lake, G-5 effluent, 29-13
fuel, 24-7 Dimple spring, G-5 facility, 33-2
Difference Dioxide, sulfur, 32-15 sludge, 30-20
divided, 12-3 Dioxin, 32-6 Disposition, hazardous waste, 33-2
Rth-order, 3-10 Direct Dissipater, energy, 80-11
table, divided, 12-3 (ftn) -acting pump, 18-2 Dissociation
Differential central impact, 72-17 (fig) constant, 22-15
equation, 10-1 combination, 22-6 constant, acid, A-92
equation, first-order, 10-1 cost, 86-9 constant, base, A-93
equation, higher order, 10-8 current, 84-2 temperature, 24-15 (ftn)
equation, homogeneous, 10-1, 10-2 design method, 51-5, 51-6 Dissolved
equation, linear, 10-1 design method, ACI, 47-18 air flotation thickening, 30-14
equation, nonhomogeneous, 10-1 filtration, 26-2 metal, in wastewater, 28-14
equation, second-order, 10-1 impact, 72-18 organic solids, 29-3
gear ratio, 75-3 labor, 87-32 oxygen, 28-7
leveling, 78-10 leveling, 78-9, 78-10 (fig) oxygen, in water, A-87
manometer, 15-3 material, 87-32 oxygen sag curve, 28-10
parallax, 78-20 reduction loan, 87-41 (fig) oxygen standard, 28-10
positioning, 78-6 reduction loan, balloon solids, 28-6
series balance bridge, 85-9 (ftn) payment, 87-42 (fig) solids, total, 26-19 (tbl)
settlement, 36-1 shear, 66-6 Distance
shunt balance bridge, 85-9 (ftn) shear test, 35-25 between figures, 7-7
term, 9-1 tension indicating, 45-13 between points, 7-5, 7-7
transformer, 85-4 tension indicator washer, 58-4 (fig) braking, 75-6, 75-7
Differentiation Directed graph, 86-10 clear, 50-8, 50-18
implicit, 8-4 Direction, 78-12 critical, 17-5
partial, 8-4 angle, 5-2, 7-5 decision sight, 79-11, G-5
Diffused air cosine, 5-2, 7-5, 41-2, 41-12 edge, 65-2
injection, 26-4 number, 7-5 embedment, 50-23
system, 26-4 peak flow, 73-5 freeboard, G-7
Diffusion -sensing probe, 17-27 haul, 80-7 (fig)
-controlled cell, 85-3 Directional measurement, 78-7, 78-8
facilitated, 27-3 derivative, 8-6 measurement, tacheometric, 78-8
passive, 27-2 design hour volume, 73-5 multiplier, 83-7, 83-8
Digester distribution factor, 76-17 nonstriping sight, G-10
aerobic, 30-15 factor, 73-5 passing sight, 79-10, G-11
anaerobic, 30-16 interchange, 73-25 semimajor, 7-11
egg, 30-16 Directionality factor, 73-5 semiminor, 7-11
gas (see also Methane), 30-16 Directrix, 7-10 sight, G-13
Digestion, G-5 Disabled parking, 73-23 skidding, 75-7
aerobic, 30-15 Disbenefit, 87-16 stopping, 75-6
anaerobic, 30-15 Disbursement, 87-3 stopping sight, 75-6, 79-10, G-13
Digit, significant, 3-1 Disc, thermodynamic, steam trap, 16-14 stopping, 75-6
Dihaloacetonitrile, 25-10 Discharge, 18-4 traveled, 71-3
Dilatancy, G-5 coefficient of, 17-18, 17-30 Distillate oil, 24-6
test, 35-3 coefficient, venturi, 17-30 Distillation, 26-22
Dilatant fluid, 14-7 from tank, 17-17 (fig) global, 32-12
INDEX - D
Dilation, 44-2 line, centrifugal pump, 18-2 temperature, 32-8
Dilution of contract, 88-6 Distorted model, 17-45
disposal, G-5 side, 18-4 Distortion energy theory, 43-8
of position, 78-6 specific, 21-4 Distributed
of position, geodetic, 78-6 tank, 17-16, 17-17 (fig) load, 41-5
of position, horizontal, 78-6 throttling, 18-18 (fig) load, beam, 41-5 (fig)
of position, vertical, 78-6 velocity, 17-17, 21-4 load, cable, 41-18 (fig)
purification, 28-10 Discount factor, A-177, A-178 load, moment, 41-6
Dimension continuous compounding, 87-28 loading, 41-5 (fig)
bolt, 45-11 (tbl) discrete compounding, 87-7 (tbl) Distribution (see also type)
cast-iron pipe, A-44 Discounting, 87-5 and marketing, sludge, 30-20
characteristic, 16-6 Discrete compounding, discount bathtub, 11-9
concrete pipe, A-42, A-43 factor, 87-7 (tbl) beta, 86-14
concrete sewer pipe, A-42, A-43 Discriminant, 3-3, 7-9 binomial, 11-4
CPVC pipe, A-38 Discs, method of, 9-6 chart, particle size, 35-3, 35-4
ductile iron pipe, A-44, A-45 Disease, waterborne, 27-10 chi-squared, 11-7, A-13
nominal, 16-10 Disinfection, 26-20, 28-13 coefficient, G-5
of variables, 1-8 (tbl) alternative, 25-10 continuous, 11-6
primary, 1-7 by-product, 25-9, 25-10 discrete, 11-5
PVC pipe, A-38, A-39, A-40, A-41 Disintegration, 32-13 exponential, 11-6
sieve, 35-2 pavement, 76-5 factor, 47-13
steel pipe, A-31, A-32, A-33, A-34, Disjoint, set, 11-1 factor, directional, 76-17
A-35, A-36, A-37 Dispersant, 22-24 factor, lane, 76-17
Dimensional analysis, 1-8 Dispersion, 11-13 frequency, 11-10
Dimensionless, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl) relative, 11-13 function, continuous, 11-6
group, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl) test, 35-4 Galton’s, 11-8
number, 1-7, 1-9 (tbl) Displacement, 22-7, 71-3 Gaussian, 11-6
unit hydrograph, NRCS, 20-11 double, 22-7 gravity, 26-24
Dimensions linear, 71-3 hypergeometric, 11-5
BWG tubing, A-49 meter, 17-26 lane, 73-6
parking lot, 73-23 method, photogrammetry, 78-19 leptokurtic, 11-14
log-normal, 11-8 root, 3-3 overload, cause, 75-9 (tbl)

mesokurtic, 11-14 seal, 34-16 population adjustment factor, 73-8
multiple hypergeometric, 11-5 shear, 45-11 population adjustment factor,
negative exponential, 11-9 -stage process, 26-16 freeway, 73-9 (tbl)
normal, 11-6 -suction pump, 18-4 Driving
particle size, 35-2 taxation, 88-2 dynamometer, 85-13
platykurtic, 11-14 vortex, 34-7 speed, 75-9
Poisson, 11-5 -vortex, single cyclone (inertial task, 75-8
Student’s t-, 11-7, A-14 separator), 34-7 (fig) task hierarchy, 75-9 (fig)
t-, 11-7, A-14 Doubling time, 3-11, 87-8, 87-9 Drop
velocity, 16-7 interest rate, 87-9 (tbl) hammer, 38-2
water, 26-24 Doubly reinforced hydraulic, 16-9 (ftn), 19-20 (ftn), 19-26
Distributive beam parameter, 50-24 (fig) panel, 51-5
law, 3-3 concrete beam, 50-24 pressure, steel pipe, A-55
law, matrix, 4-4 concrete section, 50-24 spherical, 10-10
set, law, 11-2 section design, 50-25 Drum
Ditch Dowel, 55-6, 77-7 filter, vacuum, 30-18
lining fabric, 80-11 bar, 55-6, 77-12 mixer, 76-6
oxidation, 30-3 Downcycling, 32-13 wire rope, 45-22
Divergence, 8-7 Downdrag, 38-6 Dry
Divergent sequence, 3-10 Downgrade, specific, highway, 73-12 absorption, 34-17
Diversion Downpull, G-5 air, composition, 24-8 (tbl)
chamber, 29-13 Downstream basis, concrete, 49-3
road, 73-31 control, 19-21 condition, 72-6
Divided taper, 73-31, 73-32 density, 35-7
difference, 12-3 Draft, 20-21 density, maximum, 35-18
difference table, 12-3 (ftn) force, 26-4 flue gas loss, 24-16
highway, 73-3, G-5 gauge, 15-3 (ftn) scrubbing, 34-17
Division, matrix, 4-4 tube, 18-24 strength test, 35-3
DNA, 27-2 Drag (see also type), 17-41 ultra-fine coal, 32-7
Document, as-built, 86-16 coefficient, 17-41, 17-42 (fig) unit weight at zero air voids, 35-18
Documentation, project, 86-16 count, 17-42 weather flow, 20-7 (ftn), G-5
Dollars, 87-2 disk, 17-42 Drying bed, sand, 30-18
constant value, 87-39 filter, 34-5 DTI washer, 58-4 (fig)
Domain, eminent, G-6 form, 17-41 Du Nouy
Domestic induced, 17-41 ring, 14-11
sewage, 28-6 (tbl) pressure, 17-41 torsion balance, 14-11 (ftn)
waste, G-5 profile, 17-41 Dual
wastewater, 28-1 sphere, 17-42 -certified steel, 58-6
Dominant load, 46-14 vehicular, 75-3 -layer filter, 26-13
Donnan formula, 31-7 viscous, 72-18 layer, pavement, 77-13
Door assemblies, fire testing, 82-3 wake, 17-41 Duct, sorbent-injection, 24-5
Dose Drain Ductile
absorbed, G-1 down, pavement, 76-5 -brittle transition temperature, 43-15
chemical feed, 26-9 extraction, 31-7 cast-iron pipe, 16-9
chlorine, 26-20, 28-13 relief, 31-7 failure mode, 50-6
coagulant, 26-9 slope, 80-10 failure, tensile, type, 43-5 (fig)
equation, 26-9 subgrade, 76-29, 76-30 (fig) iron pipe, A-44
fluoride, 26-14 Drainage iron pipe dimensions, A-44, A-45
infective, 27-10 blind, G-3 iron pipe, standard pressure classes, A-45
INDEX - D
noise, 83-8 coefficient, 31-7, 76-22, 77-6 material, 43-6

noise, permissible, 83-8 (tbl) density, G-5 material, typical tensile test
radiation absorbed, 6-1 (ftn) double, 40-5 result, 43-2 (fig)
DOT netting, 31-3 stress-strain curve, 48-9 (fig)
geotextile specifications, 40-10 one-way, 40-5 transition temperature, 43-15 (tbl)
Dot pavement, 77-6 Ductility, 43-6, 58-2
product, 5-3 single, 40-5 transition temperature, 43-17
product, vector, 5-3 (fig) two-way, 40-5 weld, 66-4
Double Draw bridge, 57-4 Dulong’s formula, 24-14
-acting hammer, 38-2 Drawbar Dummy
-acting pump, 18-2 pull, 75-4 activity, 86-13
-action shear, 55-3 Drawdown, G-5 gauge, 85-10
-alternate mode operation, 73-19 curve, G-5 joint, 77-11
-alternate parking, 73-22 well, 21-5 node, 86-11, 86-13
-angle formula, 6-3 Drawing unit load method, 46-7, 47-3, 47-4, 47-5
angle member, 61-8 diagram, shear and moment, 44-9 Dump, 31-2
butt, 45-11 (ftn) pictorial, 2-2 (ftn) Dumping, ocean, sludge, 30-20
declining balance, 87-21, 87-26 Dredge line, 39-2, G-5 Dumpy level, 78-9
declining balance method, 87-21 Drift Duplex pump, 18-2
drainage, 40-5 story, 53-2 Dupuit equation, 21-5, 80-11
-entry bookkeeping, 87-33 (ftn) velocity, 34-8, 34-9 Durability
-entry bookkeeping method, 87-33 (ftn) velocity, effective, 34-9 concrete, 49-1
-entry bookkeeping system, 87-33 Drilled hole, 60-2 factor, 49-1
integral, 9-3 Drinking water masonry, 67-5
integration method, 44-13 demand, 26-22 pavement, 76-3
liner, 31-3 regulations, A-96 Duration
-liner system, 31-3 standards, 25-6 fire fighting, 26-24
meridian distance, 78-17 Drins, 32-12 reference, 83-8
orifice air valve, 16-14 Drive train efficiency, 75-3 Dust, 32-7
pintle tie, 68-16 Driver coal, 32-7
-ring infiltration test, 21-9 error, 75-9 control, 32-7
rivet, 45-11 (ftn) overload, 75-9 density, areal, 34-5
I N D E X I-21
loading, 34-5 Echelon red time, 73-20

-to-binder ratio, 76-15 form, row-reduced, 4-2 roadbed soil resilient modulus, 76-20
Duty cycle, 84-14 matrix, 4-1 roadbed soil resilient modulus estimation
Dye penetrant testing, 82-4 Eckert number, 1-9 (tbl) chart, 76-21 (fig)
Dynamic Eco-toxicity, 32-13 slab support k-value, 77-6
analysis, 44-8, 47-2 Econocrete, 77-12 slab support modulus, 77-6 (tbl)
balance, 70-2 Economic slab support modulus, cement-threaded
effect allowance, 59-17 (ftn) analysis, 87-2 subbase, 77-6 (tbl)
energy, 16-1 (ftn) analysis factor, A-177, A-178 slab width, composite member, 57-2
equilibrium, 72-5 analysis process, 75-18 specific gravity, 76-9, G-6
friction, 72-5 analysis, engineering, 87-2 stress, 35-14, 35-27, 37-9, 40-5
friction, coefficient, 75-5 analysis, life, 87-4 subbase modulus, 77-6 (tbl)
head, 18-6 appraisal, HSM, 75-18 throat size, 45-14
load allowance, 59-17 (ftn), 74-4 evaluation, 73-27 throat thickness, 45-14
INDEX - E
load factor, 59-17 (ftn) evaluation, road, 73-27 value, 84-4
reaction, 72-5 (ftn) indicator, 87-39 velocity, 21-3
response, 44-8 life, 87-19, 87-20 walkway width, 73-21
similarity, 17-45 life analysis, 87-4 weld size, minimum, 66-9
viscosity, 14-6 (ftn) order quantity, 87-43 weld throat, 45-14
Dynamics, 71-1 Economical shape, most, 58-6 width, 19-11, 50-18, 64-2
vehicle, 75-2 Economics, engineering, 87-2 (ftn) width, concrete slab, 64-2
Dynamometer, 85-13 Economizer, ash, 24-3 Effectiveness
brake, 85-13 Economy, fuel, 75-4 cost-, method, 75-19
driving, 85-13 Eddy current testing, 43-12 index, cost-, 75-19
torsion, 85-13 Edge lever, 15-16
transmission, 85-13 adsorption, G-1 Efficiency, 13-6
Dyne, 1-4, 1-5, A-3 distance, hole, 65-1 boiler, 24-16
Dystrophic, G-5 three-, bearing test, 16-11 collection, 26-6, 26-7, 34-9
EDM, 78-5, 78-8 combustion, 24-16
EDTA, 25-4 compressor, 30-9
E Eductor pipe, 21-4 destruction removal, 34-13
Effect drive train, 75-3
e common ion, 22-13 electrostatic precipitator, 34-9
-folding time, 3-11 frost, 76-16 energy-production, 13-6
-log p curve, 35-24 greenhouse, 32-8 energy-use, 13-6
e-log p curve, 40-3, 40-4 impurity on mechanical furnace, 24-16
E. coli, 27-3, 27-6, 27-8, G-6 property, 43-17 (fig) isentropic, 30-9
Earplug, NRR, 83-8 isotope, 22-2 (ftn) joint, 16-10, 45-12
Earth Magnus, 17-41 lever, 15-16
atmosphere, 15-13, 15-14 (ftn) of deflection, 62-2 motor, 84-17
curvature, 78-9 P-delta, 53-1, 62-1 overall, pump, 18-9
-handling equipment, 80-9 Peltier, 85-7 (ftn) oxygen transfer, 30-9
pressure, 37-2 photoelectric, 85-4 pile group, 38-5
pressure coefficient, 37-3, 37-5 piezoelectric, 15-2, 85-4 pulley, 41-11
pressure, active, 37-2, 37-3 refraction, 78-9 (fig) pump, 18-9
pressure, Coulomb, 37-3, 37-5 second-order, 62-1, 62-2 pumping (temperature), 18-20
pressure, lateral, coefficient of, 38-3 Seebeck, 85-7 removal, 30-13, 34-7
pressure, passive, 37-2, 37-4 strain-hardening on mechanical sedimentation, 26-6
pressure, Rankine, 37-3, 37-5 property, 43-17 (fig) thermal, 24-16
rare, 22-3 stress on creep rate, 43-16 (fig) treatment, 30-6
Earthwork, 80-1 Thompson, 85-7 (ftn) volumetric, 18-3
factor, load, 80-1 venturi, 17-29 wire-to-water, 18-9
factor, swell, 80-1 Effective Efficient cross section, 19-9
measure, 80-1 annual interest rate, 87-5 Effluent, G-6
volume, 80-4 asphalt content, 76-9 disposal, 29-13
Easement, G-6 drift velocity, 34-9 stream, G-6
curve, 79-18 flange width, 50-18 (fig) Efflux, speed of, 17-17
East declination, 78-12 flange width, AASHTO, 57-2 Effort, 41-11
Eastern coal, 24-5 flexural stiffness, 53-4 tractive, 75-3
Eccentric force, 72-5 (ftn) Egg digester, 30-16
connection, 65-1, 65-5, 66-5 gauge, 79-10 Eigenvalue, 4-8
impact, 72-18 (fig) grain size, 35-2, 35-23 Eigenvector, 4-8
load, column, 45-4 green ratio, 73-15 EIR, 32-3
load, connection, 45-18 green time, 73-20 EJCDC, 88-5 (ftn)
load, footing, 36-9 head, 17-17, 18-6 pump, 18-2
loading, 44-12 height, masonry column, 69-2 Ejector
loading, axial member, 44-12 (fig) interest rate, 87-5, 87-28 Elastic
plug valve, 16-12 interest rate per period, 87-28 analysis, 45-17 (ftn)
shear connection, 65-5, 65-6 (fig) length, 61-3 beam deflection equations, A-120,
Eccentricity, 7-8, 7-11, 7-12, 44-12, 45-4 length factor, 53-3, 61-3 (tbl) A-121, A-122, A-123
column, 52-3, 52-6 length factor alignment chart, 61-3 (fig) buckling, 61-4
column, minimum, 69-3 length factor, wall, 54-2 constant, 43-9
dam, 15-12 length, column, 45-3, 53-3 constant, relationship, 43-9
in plane of faying surface, 66-5 (fig) moment of inertia, 50-16 deflection, beam, A-120, A-121,
normal to plane of faying net area, 60-3 A-122, A-123
surface, 66-5 (fig) number of passes, 29-10 deformation, 44-2, 46-2
normal to plane of faying surfaces, 66-5 period, 87-2 design, steel, 59-8
normalized, 52-3 pile length, 38-3 failure, 44-19
orbit, 72-21 (tbl) porosity, 21-2 fixed-end moments, A-126, A-127
plane of faying surfaces, 66-5 pressure, 37-9, 40-5 impact, 72-17
torsional, 45-17 radius of gyration, steel beam, 59-3 limit, 43-3
rate per compounding period, 87-28 line, 44-14
method, 66-5, 66-8 Embrittlement total, 16-2, 16-4

modulus, 43-2 caustic, 22-20 -use efficiency, 13-6
region, 43-3, 48-9 hydrogen, 22-20 velocity, 16-1 (ftn)
second-order analysis, 53-1 Eminent -work principle, 13-3, 13-4
settling, 40-3 domain, G-6 Engineer
strain, 43-3 Emission consulting, 90-1
toughness, 43-7 fugitive, 32-8, 34-16 intern, 90-1 (ftn)
Elasticity rate, lowest achievable, 34-2 -In-Training exam, 90-1
modulus of, 43-2, 43-4, 44-2, 58-2, 67-6 Empirical professional, 90-1
Electric Bayes adjustment, 75-17 registered, 90-1
charge, 84-2 design, concrete deck, 51-8 Engineer’s
machine, 84-16 formula, 22-6 chain, 78-7
motor size, 18-10 Employer, dealing with, 89-2 level, 78-9
INDEX - E
Electrical Emulsified, asphalt, 76-2 transit, 78-12

conductivity, water, 25-11 Emulsion, 22-11 (ftn), G-6 Engineering
current, effect on humans, 83-6 (tbl), asphalt, G-2 dimensional system, 1-7
83-7 (tbl) Encroachment, G-6 economic analysis, 87-2
plant, hydroelectric, 18-23, 18-24 lane, 79-20 economics, 87-2 (ftn)
protection, rebar, 48-10 End economy, 87-2 (ftn)
safety, 83-6 (tbl), 83-7 (tbl) built-in, 46-7 economy factor, A-177, A-178
shock, 83-6, 83-7 cable, 41-20 environmental, 32-3
unit conversion, A-1, A-2 condition coefficient, 61-3 intern, 90-1 (ftn)
Electricity cost, 18-9 fixed, 46-7 licensing, 90-1
Electrode, 66-1 moment, amplified, 53-5 material, type, 43-2 (fig)
Electrodialysis, 26-22 -of-pipe treatment, 32-1 mechanics, 41-1
Electrogas welding, 66-2 plate construction, 65-8 (fig) News Record equation, 38-2
Electromagnetic flowmeter, 17-27 point, titration, 25-2 registration, 90-1
Electromotive force, 84-2 post, 41-12 strain, 43-2
Electronegative element, 22-2 product, waste decomposition, stress, 43-2
Electronegativity, 22-2 27-10 (tbl) value, 86-2
Electronic distance measurement, 78-5, 78-8 restraint coefficient, 45-3 (tbl) Engineers
Electroslag welding, 66-2 -restraint factor, 61-3 dealing with, 89-3
Electrostatic slope rounding, 81-4 Joint Contracts Documents
precipitator, 34-8 Endocytosis, 27-3 Committee, 88-5 (ftn)
precipitator design parameter, 34-8 (tbl) Endoergic impact, 72-17 Engineers’ Creed, 89-1
precipitator, efficiency, 34-9 Endogenous decay, 28-7 English
unit, 84-2 coefficient, 28-7, 30-7 engineering system, 1-2
Element (structural), 22-2, G-6 Endoplasmic reticulum, 27-2 gravitational system, 1-3
atomic numbers and weights, A-83 Endosulfan, 32-12 Enlargement, 17-12
bimetallic, 44-4 Endothermic reaction, 22-18 sudden, 17-12, 17-13
building, fire resistance, 82-6 Endpoint pressure-drop, 22-23 ENR equation, 38-2
electronegative, 22-2 Endrin, 32-12 Enteric, G-6
fixed, 73-3 Endurance Enterovirus, 27-6
horizontal curve, 79-2 (fig) limit, 43-9 Enthalpy
intersection, 73-14 (fig) ratio, 43-9 of formation, 22-17, 22-18
matrix, 4-1 strength, 43-9, 43-10 of reaction, 22-18
negative, 85-7 strength, surface finish reduction Entrained
positive, 85-7 factor, 43-11 (fig) air-, 77-3
properties, A-83 Energy, 13-1 concrete, air-, 77-3
roadway network, 75-15 change, 47-3 Entrance
set, 11-1 conservation law, 13-1 loss coefficient, minor, 19-28 (tbl)
stiffened, 61-6 conservation of, 16-1 loss, culvert, 17-20 (tbl)
transition, 22-3 conversion, SI, A-3 pipe, 17-13
type, 22-2 dissipater, 80-11 spiral, 79-18
unstiffened, 61-6 dynamic, 16-1 (ftn) Entry matrix, 4-1
Element, roadway, 75-15 -efficiency ratio, 13-6 (ftn) Envelope
Elementary row operation, 4-2 equation, steady-flow, 16-2 failure, 35-26
Elements, periodic table of the, A-84 falling mass, 13-3 maximum shear, 47-20
Elevation, 2-2 flow, 13-3, 16-2 (ftn) shear, 50-20
angle, 6-2 grade line, 16-8, 17-15 Environment, 32-2
drawing, 2-2 (ftn) gradient, 19-3, G-6 Environmental
equilibrium, 79-10 gravitational, 13-3, 16-1, 16-2 (ftn) engineering, 32-3
measurement, 78-9, 78-10, 78-11 impact, 16-4 impact report, 32-3
surveying, 78-9 internal, 13-4 protection, ethics, 89-4
Elimination, Gauss-Jordan, 4-2 kinetic, 1-3, 1-4, 13-3, 16-1 Enzyme, 27-4, G-6
Ellipse, 7-11 kinetic, specific, 16-1, 16-2 Ephemeral stream, G-6
degenerative, 7-11 line, 16-8 (ftn) Epicycloid, 7-4
equation, 31-7 lost in a jump, 19-24 Epidemic, 10-10
formula, A-7 method, 47-3 Epilimnion, G-6
Elliptic integral function, 9-8 (ftn) p-V, 13-3, 13-4 Epoxy
Elongation, 46-2 (ftn) potential, 1-3, 13-3, 16-2 coal tar, 16-11
at failure, percent, 43-6 pressure, 13-3, 16-2 -coated rebar, 48-10
percent, 43-6 -production efficiency, 13-6 -coated wire, 67-7
Elutriation, G-6 sink, 17-15 coating factor, 55-5
Elutriator, G-6 source, 17-15 pipe coating, 16-11
Embankment, G-6 specific, 13-1, 16-1, 16-9, 19-15 Equal
fill, 40-9, 80-2 spring, 13-3 angle, 61-1
Embedment stagnation, 16-4 -tangent parabola, 79-11
distance, 50-23 static, 13-3, 16-2 (ftn) vectors, 5-1
length, masonry, 67-6 strain, 43-6, 43-7, 44-2, 44-12 Equality of matrices, 4-4
strain, method, truss deflection, 44-17 Equalization flow, 29-3, 34-23
tapered, 26-12
I N D E X I-23
Equation, 3-2 Swamee-Jain, 17-6 Erosion

algebraic, 3-2 tension field action, 63-3 check, 80-11
American Insurance Association, 26-24 Terzaghi-Meyerhof, 36-3 control, 80-10
Andrade’s, 43-16 Theis, 21-7 control fabric, 80-11
Antoine, 14-10 (ftn) Thiem, 21-6 corrosion, 22-19
auxiliary, 10-1 three-moment, 46-5 Error, 11-11
Bernoulli, 16-2, 19-7 Torricelli, 17-17 accidental, 85-2
Bessel, 10-5 Velz, 29-11 analysis, 78-2
Blasius, 17-5 water balance, 20-2 computed quantity, 78-4
Boussinesq’s, 40-1 water budget, 20-2 driver, 75-9
Camp, 29-6 Weisbach, 17-6, 17-7 false positive, 11-14
Cauchy, 10-5 Zuber, 14-11 fixed, 85-2
characteristic, 4-8, 10-1 Equiangular rosette, 85-12 function, 9-9, 11-8, A-15
Chezy, 19-4 Equilateral hyperbola, 7-12 function values for positive x values,
INDEX - E
Chezy-Manning, 19-4 Equilibrium, 72-2 A-15
Clausius-Clapeyron, 14-10 (ftn) charge, 34-9 function, complementary, 11-8, A-15
Colding, 31-7 chemical, 22-13, 22-14 limits range, 85-7
Colebrook, 17-5, 17-6 condition, 41-6 magnitude, 85-2, 85-3
complementary, 10-1 condition, force system, 41-6 (tbl) of the mean, probable, 78-2
complete isothermal flow, 17-10 constant, 22-15 order of, 78-4
continuity, 17-3 dynamic, 72-5 probable, 78-2
Coulomb’s, 35-26 elevation, 79-10 product, 78-4
Darcy, 17-6, 17-8 isopiestic, 14-10 (ftn) standard, 11-13
Darcy-Weisbach, 17-6, 17-7 method, beam, 47-17 straight line, 45-20 (ftn)
Davis, 75-5 neutral, 72-2 sum, 78-4
Davis, modified, 75-5 phase, 72-6 terms, 85-3 (tbl)
Deutsch-Anderson, 34-9 simulated, 72-5 (ftn) type, 85-2
differential, 10-1 stable, 72-2 type I, 11-14
Donnan, 31-7 static, 15-18, 41-6 (ftn) type II, 11-15
dose, 26-9 three-dimensional, 41-21 Errors and omissions insurance, 88-8
Dupuit, 21-5, 80-11 unstable, 72-2 ESAL, 76-16, 76-17
ellipse, 31-7 Equipment 18–kip, 76-20
Engineering News Record, 38-2 angle measurement, 78-12 Escape velocity, 72-21
ENR, 38-2 compaction, 35-19 (fig) Escarpment, G-6
Euler’s, 3-8, 10-5 earth-handling, 80-9 Escherichia coli, 27-3
extended Bernoulli, 17-15 rolling, 76-8 Escherichieae coli (see also E. coli), G-6
first-order, 10-1 Equipotential line, 17-3, 21-7 Escort vehicle, 74-3
Francis weir, 19-11 Equity, 87-35 ESP
Gauss’ hypergeometric, 10-5 Equivalence, economic, 87-5 collection efficiency, 34-9
Hagen-Poiseuille, 17-7 Equivalency design parameter, 34-10 (tbl)
Hazen-Williams, 17-8 factor, axle load, flexible power density, 34-10
Hazen’s, 35-23 pavement, A-166, A-167, A-168 removal efficiency, 34-9
Henderson-Hasselbach, 27-3 factor, axle load, rigid tubular, 34-8 (ftn)
homogeneous, 3-7 pavement, A-169, A-170, A-171 Espey
homogeneous differential, 10-1, 10-2 Equivalent, 22-5 10-minute unit hydrograph, 20-13
Horton, 19-13, 21-9 annual cost, 87-16 conveyance factors, 20-12
Horton-Einstein, 19-10 axial compression method, 62-2 method, 20-12
interaction, 62-2 CaCO3, 22-20 synthetic unit hydrograph, 20-12
Jacob’s, 21-7 centrifuge, kerosene, 76-14 Ester, 23-1 (tbl), 23-3 (tbl)
Karman-Nikuradse, 17-5 chemical, 22-5 Estimate, precise, 85-2
layer-thickness, 76-22 diameter, 16-6 (ftn) (tbl), 17-43 Estimating
Legendre, 10-5 factor, A-177, A-178 cost, 86-3
linear, 3-6, 3-7 fluid density, 37-9 parameter method, 86-6
linear differential, 10-1 fluid height, 15-5 (tbl) Estimation, crash, 75-16
Lloyd-Davies, 20-14 (ftn) fluid pressure, 37-9 Estimator, 86-3
logistic, 27-4 fluid weight, 37-9 unbiased, 11-12, 11-13
Manning, 19-4 frame method, 51-5 Estuary, G-6
Manning, nomograph, A-74 hydrostatic pressure, 37-9 Ethanol, 24-7
Mohr-Coulomb, 35-26 (ftn) investment, life of, 87-39 (ftn) Ether, 23-1 (tbl), 23-3 (tbl)
Monod’s, 28-6 Joule, 13-1 Ethical priority, 89-2
Nikuradse, 17-5 length, 17-12 Ethics, 89-1
nonhomogeneous, 3-7 length, straight pipe, fittings, A-56 code of, 89-1
nonhomogeneous differential, 10-1, 10-3 pressure, 37-9 Ethyl alcohol, 24-7
nonlinear, 10-1 resultant force, 41-4 EUAC versus age at retirement, 87-19 (fig)
nonparametric, 3-3 single-axle load, 76-16 Eukaryote, 27-1
NRC, 29-10 spring constant, 45-20 Euler
NRCS lag, 20-4 truck/bus/RV, 73-7 buckling, 61-2
O’Connor and Dobbins, 28-7 uniform annual cost, 87-7, 87-16 buckling load, 53-5
of condition, 46-1 vector, 5-1 (ftn) buckling load theory, 61-2
parametric, 3-2 vehicle, 73-7 load, 45-2, 61-2
quadratic, 3-3, 7-9 weight, 22-5, G-6 number, 1-9 (tbl)
rational, 20-14 weight, milligram, 22-11 stress, 45-3
reduced, 10-1 Equivalents Euler’s
Refutas, 14-16 calcium carbonate, A-85, A-86 constant, 9-9
Rehbock weir, 19-11 population, 28-3 curve, 45-3
Rohsenow, 14-11 velocity, 21-3 equation, 3-8, 10-5
Schaake, Geyer, and Knapp, 20-14 water chemistry, A-85, A-86 equation of motion, 72-10
SCS lag, 20-11 Erf, 9-9 European method, distance
second-order, 10-1 Erg, 1-5, A-3 measurement, 78-8
simultaneous linear, 3-6, 3-7 Erodible channel, 19-26 Eutrophic, G-6
steady-flow energy, 16-2 side-slope, 19-26 Eutrophication, 25-7, G-6
Streeter-Phelps, 28-10 velocity, 19-26
Evaluation Expensing the asset, 87-20 FAA formula, 20-4

economic, 73-27 Experiment Fabric
live-load factor, 74-4 accuracy, 11-11 ditch lining, 80-11
nondestructive, 43-12 insensitivity, 11-12 erosion control, 80-11
Evaporation, 10-10 precision, 11-11 loading, 34-5
pan, 20-22 reliability, 11-12 nonwoven, 40-10
reservoir, 20-22 stability, 11-12 reinforcing, 40-10
Evaporite, G-6 Explement angle, 78-13 woven, 40-10
Evapotranspiration, G-6 Explosive power, ton of, 1-7 Face
Even symmetry, 9-7 (tbl) Exponent, 3-5 angle, 6-6
curve, 7-4 polytropic, 15-14 brick, 67-2
Event, 11-3, 86-11 rule, 3-5 shell mortar bedding, 68-4
dependent, 11-3 strain-hardening, 43-5 value, bond, 87-29
INDEX - F
independent, 11-3 Exponential velocity, 21-4, 34-5

numerical, 11-4 decay, 10-9 Facilitated diffusion, 27-3
sample space, 11-3 distribution, 11-6, 11-9 Facility
Exact first-order, 10-3 distribution, negative, 11-9 data, 75-15
Exaggeration, vertical, 78-21 form, 3-7, 3-8 disposal, 33-2
Exam function, integral, 9-9 material recovery, 31-11
date, 90-3 gradient factor, 87-26 storage, 33-2
engineering, professional, 90-1 gradient series cash flow, 87-4 terminology, 73-2
Fundamentals of Engineering, 90-1 growth, 3-11, 10-9 transportation, 75-15
licensing, 90-1, 90-2 growth curve, bounded, 27-4 treatment, 33-2
Examination growth phase, 27-4 waste-to-energy, 31-10
date, 90-3 growth rate, 87-4 Factor (see also type)
licensing, 90-1, 90-2 reliability, 11-9 absorption, 34-21
Excavation, 39-1, 80-2, 83-3 Exponentially adhesion, 38-3
by soil type, 83-5 (fig) decreasing cash flow, 87-26 base plate cantilever, 61-10
common, 80-2 weighted forecast, 87-42 bearing capacity, 36-3, 36-4 (tbl)
cost, 80-9 Exposed behavior, 73-9
height, critical, 39-3 fraction, 15-16 bioaccumulation, G-3
layered soil, 83-6 (fig) surface area, reaction, 22-13 bioconcentration, G-3
rock, 80-2 Exposure, 48-10 biomagnification, G-3
safety, 83-3 category, 48-10 bolt torque, 45-13
toe, 39-2 factor, 26-24 bulking, 80-1
Exceedance highway safety, 75-16 calibration, 75-16
ratio, 11-12 level, noise, 83-8 (tbl) capacity reduction, 45-2, 50-5
Excess limit, permissible, 83-8 carryover, 47-14
air, 22-9, 24-12 time, particle, 34-8, 34-9 cash flow, 87-6, A-177, A-178
air, in concrete, 49-3 Exsec function, 6-4 cement, 49-2
capacity, 87-32 Exsecant, 6-4 centrifugal, 79-7
expected average crash frequency, 75-17 Extended compaction, 31-3
kurtosis, 11-14 aeration, 30-2 compressibility, 14-13 (ftn)
spherical, 6-6 Bernoulli equation, 17-15 condition, 74-4
value, 75-17 Extending screed, 76-7 conversion, A-1, A-2
water, in concrete, 49-3 Exterior span moment conveyance, open
Exchange ion, process, 22-22 distribution, 51-7 (tbl) channel, A-77, A-78, A-79, A-80
Excitation, motor, 84-15 External conveyance, trapezoidal
Exemplary damages, 88-7 force, 41-2, 72-2 channel, A-77, A-78
Exemption, industrial, 90-1 friction angle, 37-3, 37-4 (tbl), 37-5 crash, 75-8
Exertion, BOD, 28-9 investment, 87-13 crash modification, 75-16
Exfoliation, 22-18, 22-19 pressure, 15-15 Cunningham correction, 34-9
Exhaustion, premature, 29-13 rate of return, 87-12 Cunningham slip, 34-9
Exit work, 13-2 Darcy friction, 17-5, A-51, A-52,
centrifugal pump, 18-2 Extra-flexible hoisting rope, 45-21 A-53, A-54
high-speed, 73-31 Extraction dead load, 74-4
pipe, 17-13 drain, 31-7 directional, 73-5
spiral, 79-18 method, 76-9 directional distribution, 76-17
Exocytosis, 27-3 vacuum, 34-22 directionality, 73-5
Exoergic impact, 72-17 (ftn) well, gas, 31-6 discount, 87-7 (tbl)
Exothermic Extraneous root, 3-4 distribution, 47-13
reaction, 22-18 Extrema point, 8-2 driver population adjustment, 73-8
Expansion Extreme durability, 49-1
by cofactors, 4-3 fiber, 42-7, 44-11 economic analysis, A-177, A-178
factor, 17-32 (fig) fiber stress, 44-11 effective length, 53-3, 61-3 (tbl)
joint, 77-12 operating point, 18-18 effective length, wall, 54-2
linear, coefficient, 44-3, 44-4 point, 8-2 end-restraint, 61-3
series, 8-8 shear stress, 44-6 environmental, 75-8
thermal coefficient of, 14-13 (ftn), 44-4 tension steel, 50-5 epoxy coating, 55-5
volumetric, coefficient, 44-4 Extrinsic waste, 32-2 evaluation live-load, 74-4
Expected Extrusive igneous rock, 35-32 expansion, 17-32 (fig)
average crash frequency, 75-17 Eyebar exponential gradient, 87-26
value, 11-8, 78-2, 87-30 assembly, 60-7 (fig) famililarity, 73-9
Expense, 87-32 bridge, 60-7 fatigue notch, 43-10
account, 87-37 (ftn) design, 60-7 fatigue stress concentration, 43-10
administrative, 87-33 Eötvös number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-45 filler, 65-3
artificial, 87-20 flexural amplification, 62-2
classification, typical, 87-34 (tbl) flow, 17-14
general, selling, and F friction, 77-7
administrative, 87-32 friction, pavement, 77-10 (fig)
marketing, 87-33 F gage, 85-8, 85-9
selling, 87-33 -shape barrier, 75-13 growth, 76-17
-waste, 32-2
I N D E X I-25
growth projection, 76-17 Factored lump-sum, 88-5

Harmon’s peaking, 28-2 load, 50-3 per diem, 88-5
heavy vehicle, 73-8 moment, slab beam, 51-6 percentage of construction cost, 88-5
human, 75-8 Factorial, 3-2 projection, 86-2
impact, 16-4, 40-9 Factoring, polynomial, 3-4 retainer, 88-5
in crash, bicyclist, 75-10 Factory, cost, 87-33, 87-36 salary plus, 88-5
in crash, intersection, 75-10 Facultative, G-6 structure, 88-5
in crash, pedestrian, 75-10 bacteria, 27-6 Feedwater boiler, 22-23
in crash, roadway segment, 75-10 heterotroph, 27-8 Feldspar, 35-32
instrument, 78-8 pond, 29-4 Fence, silt, 80-11
integrating, 10-2 Failure, 11-3 Fenvalerate, 32-12
irreducible, 87-2 base circle, 40-7 Fermentation, 27-9
joint quality, 16-10 block shear, 60-4 (fig) Ferritic stainless steel, 22-19 (ftn)
judgment, 87-2 brittle, 43-14, 50-5 Ferrous alloy, true and engineering stress
INDEX - F
lane and shoulder adjustment, 73-13 conditional probability of, 11-9 and strain, 43-6 (fig)
lane distribution, 76-17, 76-18 (tbl) cup-and-cone, 43-5 Ferrule. ceramic, 64-4
lateral torsional buckling, 59-4 ductile, mode, 50-6 FFS, 73-9
lightweight aggregate, 50-16, 55-2, 55-5 energy versus temperature, 43-16 (fig) FFT, 9-8
live-load, 74-4 envelope, 35-26 analyzer, 9-8
load (haulage), 40-9, 50-3, 80-1 fatigue, 43-9 Fiber
load equivalency, 76-17 fracture, 74-1 core wire rope, 45-21
load, bedding, 40-9 line, 35-26 extreme, 42-7
loading, 31-3 mean time before, 11-9 (ftn) -reinforced concrete, 48-3, 48-7
long-term deflection, 56-3 mean time to, 11-9 -reinforced concrete, steel, 77-13
Meyerhof, 36-3, 36-4 (tbl) mode, steel beam, 59-4 Fiberglass, 32-4
moment, 59-4 probability, 11-3 Fiduciary responsibility, 88-3
moment amplification, 62-1 shear, soil, 36-2 Field
nonquantifiable, 87-2 slope circle, 40-7 capacity, 31-7
nonquantitative, 87-2 soil, 35-26 condition, crash, 75-18
nut, 45-13 toe circle, 40-7 condition, transportation, 75-15
of safety, overturning, 15-12 veneer, 31-5 density test, 35-21
of safety, sliding, 15-12 Faith of an Engineer, 89-1 (ftn) inverse-square attractive, 72-19
overload, 45-2 Fall inverse-square repulsive, 72-19
peak hour, 73-5 arrest system, 83-7 File hardness, 43-13
peaking, 28-2 protection, 83-7, 83-9 Fill, 80-2
phase, 84-7 Falling and cut, 80-2
pipe, 16-8 -head test, 35-23 broad, 40-9
piping geometry, 17-14 limb, 20-7 embankment, 40-9
plastification, web, 63-6, 63-7 mass energy, 13-3 Filled metal deck, 57-4
power, 84-7, 84-9 weight deflectometer, 76-16 Filler
reinforcement location, 55-5 False factor, 65-3
reinforcement size, 55-5 position method, 12-2 (ftn) metal, 58-4, 66-1
resistance, 74-4 positive error, 11-14 mineral, 76-3
Reynolds number, 17-14 Familiarity factor, 73-9 Fillet weld, 45-14, 66-2, 66-3 (fig), 66-9
roadway, 75-8 Family size, minimum, 66-3 (tbl)
section, 19-3 chemical, 22-2 Film coefficient, 30-17
separation, 34-8 organic compound, 23-1, 23-2, 23-3 Filming amine, 22-23
service, 72-7 (ftn), 84-13 Fan brake, 85-13 Filter
shape, 35-23, 36-3 Fanning friction factor, 17-5 (ftn) backwashing, 26-13
side friction, 38-3, 72-8, 79-7 Faraday, 84-2, A-1, A-2 berm, 32-14
single payment present worth, 87-5 Faraday’s law of induction, 17-27 biofilm, 26-14
sinking fund, 87-7 Fast biological, 29-8
size, 55-5 Fourier transform, 9-8 cake, 30-20
slenderness, reduction, 68-7 track pavement, 76-29 chamber, 32-14
stability correlation, 76-12 (tbl) tracking, 86-9 cloth, 40-10, 80-11
stadia interval, 78-8 Fastener, 45-9, 65-1 drag, 34-5
standard cash flow, A-177 allowable, 65-3 drag model, 34-5
stiffness reduction, axial load, 53-4 available load, 65-3 dual-layer, 26-13
stiffness reduction, lateral load, 53-4 critical, 45-18 fixed media, 29-8
strain sensitivity, 85-8 stress, static loading, 65-3 (tbl) fly, 29-8
strength reduction, 50-5 tension connection, 65-6 (fig) high-rate, 29-8
stress concentration, 44-5 Fatigue low-rate, 29-8
stress concentration, press fit, 45-9 corrosion, 22-20 multi-layer, 26-13
stripping, 34-21 damage value, relative, 76-20 multi-media, 26-13
surface area, 76-6 failure, 43-9 others, 26-14
surface finish, 43-10 life, 43-9 polishing, 29-12
swell, 80-1 limit state, 74-4 (ftn) porous, 21-5
system, 74-4 loading, 58-5 press, belt, 30-18
T- (truck), 73-8 low-cycle, 43-9 press, recessed plate, 30-18
table, economic analysis, A-177, A-178 notch factor, 43-10 pressure, 26-14
Terzaghi, 36-3 (tbl) notch sensitivity, 43-10 ratio, 34-5
time, 40-5 ratio, 43-9 resistance, 34-5
transverse sensitivity, 85-9 resistance, pavement, 76-4 roughing, 29-9
truck, 76-17 strength, 43-9 sand, 26-13, 29-12
utilization, 73-28 stress concentration factor, 43-10, 44-5 sand, bed, 32-14
vehicle, 75-8 test, 43-9 sand, rapid, 26-13
velocity of approach, 17-29 Fatty acid, 23-2 (tbl), 27-9 sand, slow, 26-14
Vesic, 36-3, 36-4 (tbl) Faulting, pavement, 76-5 specific area, 29-9
wall shear stress, 17-5 (ftn) Faying surface, 22-20, 65-3 standard-rate, 29-8
weighting, 87-42 Fecal coliform, 27-8, G-6 super high-rate, 29-9
yield, 27-12 Fee trickling, 29-8
fixed, cost plus, 88-5
two-stage trickling, 29-10 media filter, 29-8 time, 86-11

vacuum drum, 30-18 percentage of book value, 87-21 (ftn) total, G-14
Filtering velocity, 34-5 percentage on diminishing balance wooden, 83-9, 83-10
Filtration, 26-13 method, 87-21 (ftn) Floatable, 29-7
complete, 26-2 -point iteration, 12-2 Floating object, 15-16, 15-18
conventional, 26-2 pulley, 41-11 Floc, 26-8, G-6
direct, 26-2 solids, 30-4 Flocculation, 26-12, 34-23
in-line, 26-2 suspended solids, 25-9 additive, 26-9
pressure, 30-18 -time controller, 73-19 chemical, 29-8
time, 34-6 -time cycle, 73-19 tapered, 26-12
Final vector, 5-1 (ftn) Flocculator, 26-10, 29-8
clarifier, 29-12, 30-4 Fixity, 61-3 -clarifier, 26-12, 26-12 (tbl)
clarifier, characteristics, 30-5 Flagella, 27-2, 27-8 Flood, 20-6
INDEX - F
cover, 31-5 Flagellate, 27-8 control dam, 20-21

Financing cost, 86-5 Flagellated protozoa, 27-8 damaging, 20-6
Fine Flame temperature, 24-15 design, 20-5, 20-6
aggregate, 48-2, 49-2, 76-3 peak, 32-10 design basis, 20-6
screen, wastewater, 29-6 Flange, 42-4 devastating, 20-6
Fineness modulus, 48-2 design, 63-2 hundred year, 20-6
Fines, 24-4, 35-3, G-6 plate girder, 63-2, 63-3 nuisance, 20-6
fraction, 35-3 stiffener, 44-19, 59-18 (fig) one percent, 20-6, 20-7
Finish surface, 2-4, 43-10, 43-11 (fig) strength, 63-3 probability, 20-6
steel, 65-3 width, effective, 50-18 (fig) probable maximum, 20-6
Finite series, 3-11 width, effective, AASHTO, 57-2 routing, 20-23
Fire Flanged beam, web, 44-10 (fig) standard, 20-6
fighting demand, 26-23 Flap, 17-40 standard project, 20-6
fighting duration, 26-24 Flare, 31-6, 34-15 Flooding, 34-2, 34-22
flow, 26-23 curb, 79-5 velocity, 34-2
flow, basic, 26-23 parabolic, 79-5 Floor
flow, ISO, 26-23 Flash area, 82-8
flow, needed, 26-23 mixer, 26-10 beam, 59-2
hydrant, 26-24 point, 24-5 (ftn) open grid, 57-4
resistance standard, 82-5 set, 49-6 system, slab-beam, 50-3 (fig)
resistivity, 82-4 Flashover, 34-9 Flotation, G-6
testing, door assemblies, 82-3 Flat thickening, dissolved air, 30-14
First belt friction, 72-7 (fig) Flow, 73-6
area moment, 42-2 friction, 72-5 accelerated, 19-21, G-1
derivative, 8-1 plate, 45-19, 51-5 around a cylinder, 17-41, 17-43
flush, 32-14 plate, uniform pressure, 45-20 (tbl) base, 20-7 (ftn), G-2
-in, first-out method, 87-38 slab, 51-5 choked, 19-21
law of cosines, 6-6 Flatworm, 27-8 coefficient of, 17-30
law of thermodynamics, 13-2 (ftn) Flexibility coefficient, valve, 17-13
moment of a function, 9-6 coefficient, 47-8 control, 19-21
moment of area, 42-2, 46-5 method, 47-3, 47-7 critical, 16-7, 19-17, G-5
-order analysis, 53-1 pavement, 76-3 culvert, 19-28
-order analysis, linear elastic, 47-2 Flexible culvert, classification, 19-28 (fig)
-order differential equation, 10-1 bulkhead, 39-4 curve, 35-22, 43-5
-order, exact, 10-3 connection, 65-7 decelerated, 19-21
-order, linear, 10-2 diaphragm, 68-12 dry weather, 20-7 (ftn), G-5
order, survey accuracy, 78-4 membrane liner, 31-3, 31-4 energy, 13-3, 16-2 (ftn)
-stage demand, G-6 pavement, 76-10, 76-29, G-6 equalization, 29-3, 34-23
Fish, toxic effects on, 25-8 pavement design nomograph, factor, 17-14
Fisher’s AASHTO, 76-23 (fig) front velocity, 21-4
kurtosis, 11-14 pavement structural design, 76-15 fully turbulent, 16-7, 17-5
skewness, 11-14 pavement, axle load equivalency gravity, 16-5, 18-5
Fission, binary, 27-8, G-3 factor, A-166, A-167, A-168 in circular channels, A-75
Fit pavement, design, AASHTO laminar, 16-7
interference, 45-6 method, 76-19 line, 21-7, 29-2
press, 45-6 pavement, minimum maximum, 73-6
shrink, 45-6 thickness, 76-22, 76-25 measurement, 17-26, 26-3
Fitting, 17-12 pipe, 40-9 net, 20-7, 21-7, 21-8
screwed, 17-12 (ftn) Flexural net, seepage, 21-7
threaded, 17-12 (ftn) amplification factor, 62-2 nonuniform, 19-2, 19-15, 19-21
Fittings, equivalent length of straight buckling, 61-2 nozzle, 17-32
pipe, A-56 center, 45-17 number, 26-12
Fixation, nitrogen, G-10 -compressive force relationship, 62-2 of water, steel pipe, A-55
Fixed design strength, 59-5 open channel, 16-5
angle jib, 83-9, 83-10 /force interaction equation, 62-2 over flat plate, 17-44
asset, 87-35 magnifier, 62-2 overland, 20-7 (ftn), G-10
axis, rotation, 72-2 moment, 44-8 (ftn) -pacing chlorinator, 29-13
-base method, 20-7 reinforcement, selection, 55-4 rapid, 19-16, G-12
carbon, 24-4 rigidity, 44-3 rate, 26-13, 73-6, 73-8
cost, 86-9, 87-32 stiffness, 47-13, 53-4 rate equation, 26-12
dissolved solids, 25-9 strength, 77-6 rate of, 73-5, 73-6
element, 73-3 stress, 44-11 rate, 15 min passenger car
end, 46-7 Flexure slab design, 51-3 equivalent, 73-10
-end beam, 46-1, 46-7 Flint, 35-32 rate, maximum service, 73-5
-end moment, 46-7, A-126, A-127 Flipped sine, 6-4 rate, peak pedestrian, 73-21
-end moment, elastic, A-126, A-127 Float, 86-11, G-6 rate, pedestrian unit, 73-21
error, 85-2 independent, G-8 rate, saturation, 73-15
flux, 26-22 (ftn) steam trap, 16-14 rate, service, 73-5, 73-10
jib, 83-9, 83-10 rate, volumetric, 17-3
I N D E X I-27
ratio, 73-15 Fluorosis, 25-6 uplift, 21-9

regime, G-6 Flush velocity-dependent, 72-18
regime, subsonic, 14-15 (ftn) air, G-1 web, 59-17
resistance, 34-5 first, 32-14 work performed by, 9-4
retarded, G-12 Flushing, 76-14 (ftn) Forcing
rough-pipe, 17-5 pavement, 76-5 function, 10-1, 10-3
shear, 45-16 Flux, 66-1 Forebay, 18-24, G-6
sheet, 20-3 -cored arc welding, 66-2 Forecast, 87-42
shooting, G-13 Darcy, 21-4 exponentially weighted, 87-42
steady, 19-2, G-13 momentum, 17-14 (ftn) Forecasting, 87-42
steady, well, 21-5 Fly moving average, 87-42
streamline, 16-7 ash, 24-3, 48-2 Foresight, 78-10
subcritical, 19-16, G-13 ash, class C, 77-12 Form
subsurface, 20-7 ash, class F, 77-12 center-radius, 7-10
INDEX - F
supercritical, 19-16, G-14 ash, pavement, 77-12 cis, 3-8
surface, 20-7 (ftn) filter, 29-8 concrete, 49-6
through, profit, 88-2 Flying form, 49-7 drag, 17-41
-through velocity, 26-5 Focus, 7-10 exponential, 3-7, 3-8
tranquil, 19-16, G-14 Food-to-microorganism ratio, 30-5 flying, 49-7
tubular, 30-6 Foot functional, 3-2
turbulent, 16-7, 17-5 board, 1-8 general, 7-5
type, 19-2 crow’s, 81-3 intercept, 7-5
type-n, culvert, 19-29 standard cubic, 24-2 log-linear, 3-11
uniform, 16-9, 19-2, 19-4, 19-6, G-14 Footing, 36-2 Newton, 12-3 (ftn)
uninterrupted, 73-3 cantilever, 36-2 normal, 7-5
unit width, 73-21 column, 36-2, 55-3 operational, log, 3-5
unsteady, well, 21-6 combined, 36-2 phasor, 3-8, 84-5
value, asphalt mix, 76-11 concrete, 55-1 phasor, vector, 5-2
varied, 19-21, G-15 eccentric load, 36-9 point-slope, 7-5
versus density, 73-7 (fig) isolated, 36-2 polar, 3-8, 7-5
viscous, 16-7 loading, 55-2 (fig) polar, vector, 5-2
work, 13-3 overturning moment, 36-9 (fig) rectangular, 3-7
Flowable concrete, 48-7 spread, 36-2 rectangular, vector, 5-2
Flowchart strip, 36-2 row canonical, 4-2
analysis, 59-6 (fig) wall, 36-2, 55-2 row-reduced echelon, 4-1
design, 59-9 (fig) Force (see also type), 41-2, 72-2 slope-intercept, 7-5
Flowing accelerating, railroad, 75-4 standard, 7-9
well, G-6 adfreeze, 38-6 standard polynomial, 3-3
Flowmeter amplification, 41-11 tie, 49-6
electromagnetic, 17-27 axial member, 41-12 trigonometric, 3-7
magnetic, 17-27 buoyant, 15-16 two-point, 7-5
ultrasonic, 17-28 center of, 72-19, 72-20 Formality, 22-11
Flue gas centrifugal, 72-4 Formation
24-12, 32-4 (ftn) centripetal, 72-4, 72-5 (fig) artesian, G-2
calculation, 24-13 component and direction angle, 41-2 (fig) constant, 22-15
cleanup, 32-2 concentrated, 41-2 enthalpy, 22-17, 22-18
desulfurization, 24-5, 34-2 constant, 72-2 heat of, 22-17
dew-point, 24-14 conversions, SI, A-3 Forming, slip, 49-7
recirculation, 34-10 -couple system, 41-4 Forms, concrete pressure on, 49-8
temperature, 24-14 downdrag, 38-6 Formula
Fluid draft air injection, 26-4 Babcock, 17-10
Bingham, 14-7 equivalent resultant, 41-4 Camp, 29-6
density, 14-3 external, 41-2, 72-2 Cardano’s, 3-4
dilatant, 14-7 field, central, 72-19 chemical, 22-4, A-88
friction, 72-5 g-, 72-4 Churchill, 28-7, 28-8
height equivalent, 15-5 (tbl) impulsive, 72-15 Colding, 31-7
ideal, 14-2 inertial, 70-2, 72-5 Donnan, 31-7
Newtonian, 14-2, 14-7 inertial resisting, 75-2 double-angle, 6-3
non-Newtonian, 14-2 internal, 41-2, 41-13, 72-2 Dulong’s, 24-14
pressure, 14-2, 15-15 linear-velocity-dependent, 72-18 empirical, 22-6
pseudoplastic, 14-7 main, 28-4, G-6 FAA, 20-4
real, 14-2 majeure, 88-4 G.K., 19-4 (ftn)
rheopectic, 14-7 member, 41-16 half-angle, 6-4
shear stress, 14-6 normal, 15-12, 72-4 (ftn), 72-6, 75-5 Hazen’s, 21-2, 35-23
specific weight, equivalent, 37-9 normal, on a dam, 15-11 J. B. Johnson, 45-4
stream coordinates, 17-18 (fig) on a dam, 15-11 kinematic wave, 20-4
thixotropic, 14-7 on blade, jet, 17-35 Korteweg, 17-39
type, 14-2 on pipe bend, 17-36 Lagrange’s, 5-5
velocity, maximum, 17-3 on plate, jet, 17-34 Maney, 45-13
viscosity type, 14-6 point, 41-2 Manning, 19-4
Fluidity, 14-6 pound, A-3 Marston’s, 40-8
Fluidized-bed quadratic velocity-dependent, 72-19 miscellaneous, angle, 6-4
boiler, 34-11 reversed effective, 72-5 (ftn) NRC, 29-10
combustion, 24-5 specific, 19-15 O’Connor and Dobbins, 28-7
combustor, 34-10 (fig) system equilibrium condition, 41-6 (tbl) Panhandle, 17-10
Fluke, 27-8 system, type, 41-6 parabolic column, 45-4
Flume, G-6 tendon jacking, 50-4 prismoidal, 80-5
Parshall, 19-14 tensile, 41-16 rational, 20-14
Parshall, K-values, 19-14 (tbl) tension, 41-16 secant, 45-4
Fluoridation, 26-14 tractive, 75-3 soil parameter, 35-8
chemicals, 25-6 tractive, locomotive, 75-4 Spitzglass, 17-10
Fluoride ion, in water, 25-6 unbalanced, 41-1, 72-4 Steel, 20-5
Taylor’s, 8-8 Freedom, degree of, 11-7, 47-10, 71-1, 71-12 heave, 37-12, 38-6
two-angle, 6-4 chi-squared, 11-7, 11-8 jacking, 38-6
uniform acceleration, 71-4 (tbl) Freehaul, G-7 pavement, 76-30
Velz, 29-11 distance, 80-8 susceptibility, G-7
weight, 22-5 Freeman’s formula, 26-24 (ftn) Froude number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-47, 19-18
Weymouth, 17-10 Freeway, 73-3, 73-7, 73-8, G-7 Fuel
Formwork, 49-6 weaving segment, 73-26 (fig) -bound NOx, 32-9
concrete pressure on, 49-8 Freeze consumption, vehicular, 75-3, 75-4
pressure on, 49-8 in piles, G-7 diesel, 24-7
stay-in-place, 51-9 -thaw cycle, 76-16 economy, 75-3, 75-4
Forward /thaw, exposure category F, loss, unburned, 24-16
pass, G-6 concrete, 48-10 NOx, 32-9
soil pressure, 37-2 Freezing, 76-30 oil, 24-6
INDEX - F
stationing, 79-3 pavement, 76-30 oxygenated, 32-5

tangent, 79-2 Freight, ton, 1-7 property, 24-6 (tbl)
Foundation, 36-1 Freon, 32-5 refuse-derived, 24-4, 31-10, 31-11 (tbl)
compensated, 36-10 Frequency standard condition, gaseous, 24-2
shallow, 36-1 analysis, 9-8 (ftn) switching, 32-15
Four-phase signal, 73-14 carrier, 85-4 tire-derived, 24-4
Fourier crash, 75-16 (ftn) viscosity, A-24
analysis, 9-7 distribution, 11-10 waste, 24-4
inversion, 9-7 electrical, 84-4 Fugitive
number, 1-9 (tbl) multiplier, 83-7, 83-8 dust, 32-7
series, 9-7 natural, 9-7 emission, 32-8, 34-16
transform, fast, 9-8 of occurrence, 20-5 Full
waveform, 9-7 polygon, 11-10 bridge, 85-11
Fourier’s theorem, 9-7 storm, 20-5 cloverleaf, 73-25
Fourth Fresnel integral function, 9-8 (ftn) composite action, 64-3
moment of the mean, 11-14 Fretting corrosion, 22-20 -depth asphalt concrete, 76-26 (fig)
standardized moment, 11-14 Friable, G-7 -depth asphalt pavement, 76-2,
Fraction Friction (see also type), 17-4 76-25, 76-28
fines, 35-3 angle, effective stress, 35-26 -depth reclamation, 76-28
gravimetric, 22-6, 24-2 angle, external, 37-3, 37-4 (tbl), 37-5 -lift safety valve, 16-12
growth rate, 3-11 angle, interfacial, 31-5 (tbl) -load value, motor, 84-13
inhalable, 32-7 angle, soil, 37-4 (tbl) mortar bedding, 68-4
ionized, HOCl, 26-20 angle, wall, 37-5 -penetration groove weld, 66-2
mole, 14-6, 24-2 belt, 72-7 station, 78-9
of ionization, 22-15 brake, 85-13 -wave symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
partial, 3-6, 9-3 coefficient of, 15-12, 65-3, 72-6, 72-7, 75-5 Fully
partial pressure, 24-2 Coulomb, 72-5 amortized bond, 87-29 (ftn)
remaining curve, 26-6 course, open-graded, 76-3 compensated foundation, 36-10
removal, 30-6 dynamic, 72-5 prestressed member, 56-3
removed, total, 26-6 factor, 77-7 restrained connection, 65-7
respirable, 32-7 factor chart, Moody, 17-6, 17-7 (fig) turbulent flow, 16-7, 17-5
submerged, 15-16 factor, Darcy, 17-5 (ftn), A-51, A-52, Fulvic acid, G-7
thoracic, 32-7 A-53, A-54 Function
volumetric, 24-2 factor, Fanning, 17-5 (ftn) analytic, 8-1
Fracture factor, pavement, 77-10 (fig) asymmetrical, 7-4
appearance transition temperature, flat, 72-5 binomial probability density, 11-4
43-15 flat belt, 72-7 (fig) circular transcendental, 6-2
critical, 74-1 fluid, 72-5 continuous distribution, 11-6
failure, 74-1 head, 18-6 covers, 6-4
strength, 43-3 head loss, 17-4 (ftn) density, 11-4
transition plastic temperature, 43-15 heating, 17-4 (ftn) error, 9-9, 11-8, A-15
Frame, 41-12 horsepower, 18-9 exsec, 6-4
deflection, 47-5 internal, angle of, 35-17, 35-26, 40-7, 43-8 first moment of, 9-6
inertial, 71-10 loss, gas, 17-9 forcing, 10-1
wide beam, 51-6 (fig) loss, skin(ftn), 17-4 (ftn) havers, 6-4
Framing connection, 65-7 loss, slurry, 17-11 hazard, 11-9
Francis loss, steam, 17-9 holomorphic, 8-1
turbine, 18-23 pile, 38-1 hyperbolic, 6-4
weir equation, 19-11 pipe, 17-14 in a unit circle, trigonometric, 6-3 (fig)
Frangible coupling base, 75-13 power, 18-9 integral, 9-8
Fraud, 88-6 pressure drop, 17-4 (ftn) integral cosine, 9-8, 9-9
compensatory, 88-6 ratio, 35-18 integral elliptic, 9-8 (ftn)
statute of, 88-3 (ftn) sideways, 72-8, 79-7 integral exponential, 9-9
Fraudulent act, 88-6 skin, 17-41 integral Fresnel, 9-8 (ftn)
Free skin, coefficient, 38-3 integral gamma, 9-8 (ftn)
aquifer, 21-1, 21-2 skin, negative, 38-6 integral of combination, 9-2
body, 41-8 (fig) static, 72-5 integral sine, 9-8
body, coordinate, diagram, 41-21 turbulent flow, 17-5, 17-6 Lagrange stream, 17-4
-body diagram, 41-8 typical coefficients of, 72-6 (tbl) mapping, 7-3
chlorine residual, 25-9 unit shaft, 38-3 moment, 44-14
-flow mode, 19-14 wall, soil, 37-3 of an angle, 6-2
-flow speed, 73-3, 73-6, 73-8, 73-10 Frictionless surface, 41-7 of related angle, 6-3
-flow speed, base, 73-13 Frontage road, G-7 performance, 11-9
moment, 41-4, 41-9 (fig) Frontal regular, 8-1
path, gas, 34-9 area, 17-41 safety performance, 75-16
pulley, 41-11 auxiliary view, 2-2 second moment of, 9-6
residual, G-6 Frost stream, 17-4
surface, 16-5 damage, 76-30 stream potential, 17-3
Freeboard distance, G-7 effect, 76-16 symmetrical, 7-4
I N D E X I-29
transcendental, 8-2 synthetic, 24-5, 24-8 Geostrip, G-7

trigonometric, 6-2 town, 24-8 (ftn) Geosynthetic, 31-4, 40-10, G-7
unit impulse, 10-6 wah, G-15 Geotechnical safety and risk
unit step, 10-6 water, 24-8 (ftn) mitigation, 35-33
values for positive x values, Gasification, 32-13 Geotextile, 40-10
complementary, A-15 Gasohol, 24-7 specifications, 40-11
values for positive x values, error, A-15 Gasoline, 24-6 symbols, A-106, G-7, A-107
vector, 5-5 characteristics, 32-8 Germain correlation, 29-11
velocity potential, 17-3 pollution, 32-8 Giardia cyst, 26-20
vers, 6-4 reformulated, 24-7 Girder, 59-2
well, 21-7 Gate valve, 16-12 AASHTO-PCI standard,
Functional Gauge (see also Gage), 14-2 (ftn) section, 56-8 (fig)
form, 3-2 bonded strain, 85-8 (ftn) depth, 63-1
group, organic, 23-1, 23-3 diaphragm, 15-2 hybrid, 63-1
Functionally obsolete, bridge, 74-2 draft, 15-3 (ftn) plate, 59-2, 63-1 (fig)
Fund, sinking, 87-7 dummy, 85-10 properties, AASHTO-PCI standard,
Fundamenta theorem of calculus, 9-4 nuclear, 35-21 section, 56-9 (fig)
Fundamentals of Engineering exam, 90-1 pitot, 17-28 (fig) standard, AASHTO-PCI, 56-8
Fungicide, 32-12 pitot-static, 17-28 (fig) web design, 63-2
Fungus, 27-6, G-7 staff, 19-11 Girt, 59-2
Furnace strain, 15-2, 85-8, 85-13 GIS, 78-7, G-7
efficiency, 24-16 unbonded strain, 85-8 (ftn) Glacial till, G-7
sorbent-injection, 24-5 wire, American, 84-8 Glass, volcanic, 35-32
Future worth, 87-5 Gauging, stream, 19-2 Glauconite, 22-22, 26-17
Gauss-Jordan elimination, 4-2 Global
Gauss’ hypergeometric equation, 10-5 distillation, 32-12
G Gaussian distribution, 11-6 positioning system, 78-6
Gear warming, 32-8
g-force, 72-4 (ftn) motor, 18-11, 84-14 (ftn) Globe valve, 16-12
G.K. formula, 19-4 (ftn) overdrive, 75-3 Glycol, 23-2 (tbl)
G-P system, 28-4 rotex, 83-9, 83-10 GM barrier, 75-13
Gabion wall, 37-2 Gelular resin, 26-17 GMT, G-7
GAC, 26-14, 29-13 General Gneiss, 35-32
Gage (see also Gauge), 14-2 (ftn) aviation airport, 79-21 Gobar gas, G-7
factor, 85-8, 85-9 contractor, 88-4 Gold point, 85-6 (ftn)
pressure, 14-2, 15-2, 15-6 (ftn) damages, 88-7 Golf ball, 17-42
spacing, 60-2 expense, 87-32 Golgi
Gaging, stream, G-13 form, 7-5 apparatus, 27-2
Galton’s distribution, 11-8
INDEX - G
ledger, 87-33 complex, 27-2
Galvanic ledger system, 87-33 (ftn) Gon, 78-7
action, 22-18 motion, 72-2 Gore, G-7
corrosion, 22-18 Motors barrier, 75-13 area, 73-26
series, 22-19 (tbl) overhead, 86-6 GPS, 78-6
Galvanized steel pipe, 16-10 partner, 88-1 stand-alone navigational mode, 78-6
Gamma integral function, 9-8 (ftn) plane motion, 72-2 surveying, kinematic, 78-6
Gantt chart, 86-9, 86-10 plant overhead, 87-33 surveying, pseudokinematic, 78-6
Gap, 73-6, G-7 shear failure, 36-2 Grab
critical, 73-6 term, 3-10 sample, 28-15
-graded, G-7 triangle, 6-5 (fig) sampling, 22-24
-graded mixture, 76-3 Generation trip, 73-5 Grad, angular measurement, 78-7
-graded soil, 35-2 Generator, 84-11 (ftn), 84-15 Gradation, 35-2
traffic, 73-6 pollution, 32-2 Grade, 78-7
Garbage, 24-4, 31-1 Generic collector collection efficiency, 34-19 asphalt, 76-2
Gas, 34-9 Geobar, G-7 bolt, 45-9
absorption, 34-2 Geocell, G-7 change, rate of, 79-12
absorption coefficient, 31-9 (tbl) Geocomposite, G-7 line, 80-3
acid, 32-4 liner, 31-4 line, energy, 16-8, 17-15
blast-furnace, 24-8 (ftn) Geodetic line, energy, without friction, 16-9 (fig)
coke-oven, 24-8 (ftn) dilution of position, 78-6 line, hydraulic, 16-8, 17-16
collection, 31-6 level, 78-10 line, hydraulic, without
constant, universal, 14-10 survey, 78-5 friction, 16-9 (fig)
degradability, 34-7 (tbl) Geofoam, G-7 point, 80-3, 81-3, 81-5 (fig)
desorption, 34-2 (ftn) Geographic Information System, 78-7 resistance, 75-2
digester (see also Methane), 30-16 Geogrid, 31-5, G-7 roadway, 75-2
dissolved in liquid, 22-9 Geoid, 78-6 rod, 81-4, 81-5 (fig)
extraction well, 31-6 Geomat, G-7 rod reading, 81-4
flue, 24-12 Geomembrane, 31-4, G-7 stake, 81-1
friction loss, 17-9 Geometric steel, 48-10
greenhouse, 32-8 delay, 73-14 structural rivet, 45-9 (ftn)
incompressible, 16-2 (ftn) design, airport, 79-21 viscosity, 14-9
landfill, 31-5 design, railway, 79-21 weathering, 67-5
liquefied petroleum, 24-8 growth, 3-11 Graded performance, asphalt, 76-15
manufactured, 24-8 (ftn) mean, 11-12 Gradian, 78-7
metal arc welding, 66-2 sequence, 3-11 Gradient, G-7
methane, 30-16 series, 3-12 cash flow, 87-8, 87-9 (fig)
natural, 24-8, 24-11 similarity, 17-45 energy, 19-3, G-6
noble, 22-3 slope, 19-3 factor, exponential, 87-26
off-, 34-21 stress concentration, 44-4 hydraulic, 21-2
producer, 24-8 (ftn) Geonet, G-7 roadway, 75-2
properties, A-95 Geopipe, G-7 ruling, 75-4
specific heat, 24-2 Geospacer, G-7
stack, 24-12 Geostationary orbit, 72-20
sulfur in stack, 32-4
series cash flow, 87-4 Grip, 45-12 Gyration

vector, 8-5 Grit, 29-6, 34-23 least radius of, 42-6
velocity, 14-6, 17-14, 26-11 chamber, 29-6, 29-7 radius of, 42-6, 45-2, 61-4, 70-2
Grading clarifier, 29-6 Gyratory compactor, Superpave, 76-15
gap, 5-5 Groove
penetration, 76-2 weld, 66-2, 66-8
soil, 35-2 weld symbol, bridge H
viscosity, 76-2 construction, 66-9 (fig)
weld, complete-penetration, 66-2, 66-8 H-pile, 38-4
Graetz number, 1-9 (tbl) HAA5, 25-10
Grain, A-3, A-4 weld, partial-penetration, 66-2, 66-9
Grooving, pavement, 77-12 Hagen-Poiseuille equation, 17-7
alcohol, 24-7 Half
per gallon, 25-3 Gross
size, effective, 35-2, 35-23 air-to-cloth ratio, 34-5 -angle formula, 6-4
unit, 25-3, 26-17 (ftn) area, 60-2 -angle thread, 45-14
Grains per gallon, 22-24 (ftn) bearing capacity, 36-3 -bridge, 85-11
Gram filtering area, 34-5 -lath stake, 81-1
filtering velocity, 34-5 -life, 3-11, 22-14
-mole, 22-5 -life, decay, 10-10
-negative cell, 27-2 heating value, 24-14
margin, 87-36 -velocity coefficient, 28-6
Granite, 35-32 -wave symmetry, 7-4, 9-7 (tbl)
Granular moment of inertia, 50-16
profit, 87-37 -year rule, 87-3
activated carbon, 26-14, 29-13, 34-3
soil, 37-2 rain, 20-17 Halide, (tbl), 23-1 (tbl)
Graph rainfall, 20-17 alkyl, 23-2 (tbl)
curve, 7-3 Ground Halite, 35-32
directed, 86-10 rod, 81-4, 81-5 (fig) Haloacetic acid, 25-10
stake, 81-1 Halogen, 22-3, 23-1 (tbl)
influence, 41-10 Halogenated compound, 25-9
linear equation, 3-7 stake, measurement, 81-1
Groundwater, 20-7 (ftn), G-7 Halomethane, 32-6
polynomial, 3-4 Halon, 32-6
Grashof number, 1-9 (tbl) dewatering, 31-7
table, 37-9, 40-5 Hammer
Grate-type street inlet, 28-5
Gravel, G-7 Group double-acting, 38-2
cohesion, 35-27 business, 83-2 drop, 38-2
pack, well, 21-4 chemical, 22-2 single-acting, 38-2
screen, 21-5 dimensionless, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl) water, 17-38 (fig)
hydroxyl, 23-1 Hard
Gravimetric hat, 83-7
analysis, 22-6, 24-2 index, 35-4
occupancy, 82-6, 82-7 (tbl) material, 43-1
fraction, 22-6, 24-2 water, 26-15, G-7
Gravitation, Newton’s law of, 72-20 pace, 73-4
INDEX - H
pile, 38-5 Hardening strain, 43-5

universal, 72-20
Gravitational process, 86-1 Hardness, 25-5 (fig)
constant, 1-2, 72-20 Grout, 67-6 calcium, 25-3
energy, 13-3, 16-1, 16-2 (ftn) -bonded concrete, 77-13 carbonate, 22-21 (ftn), 25-3, G-4
water, G-7 compressive strength, 67-6 cutting, 43-13, 43-14
modulus of elasticity, 67-6 file, 43-13
Gravity ions, water, 25-4
altitude, 1-2 slump, 67-6
Grouted pile, 38-6 magnesium, 25-3
belt thickening, 30-15 noncarbonate, 22-21, 25-3, 25-4
center of, 70-1 Grouting, partial, 68-6
Growth number, Brinell, 43-13
dam, 15-12 (ftn)
distribution, 26-24 bacterial, 27-6 (tbl) penetration test, 43-14 (tbl)
earth, 1-2 exponential, 3-11, 10-9 permanent, 22-21, 25-4, G-11
flow, 16-5, 18-5 factor, 76-17 scale, Mohs, 43-13 (fig)
sewer, 28-4 geometric, 3-11 scale, steel, 43-15 (tbl)
instantaneous, 3-11 temporary, 22-21, G-14
specific, 14-4, 35-8 test, 43-13
standard, 1-2 logistic, rate constant, 27-4
Malthusian, 3-11 test, Brinell, 43-13
thickening, 30-14 test, Rockwell, 43-13
wall, 37-1 organismal, 27-3
population, 3-11 total, 22-21
well, 21-2, 21-4
Grease, 28-14, 29-7 Growth rate, 3-11 water, 22-21, 25-3, 25-4
Greek alphabet, 3-1 arithmetic, 3-11 Hardpan, G-8
Green average annual, 3-11 Hardy Cross method, 17-24, 44-19
bar, 48-10 coefficient, maximum specific, 28-6 Harmon’s peaking factor, 28-2
constant, 3-11 Harmonic
period, 73-21 mean, 11-12
ratio, effective, 73-15 exponential, 87-4
fraction, 3-11 sequence, 3-11
sand, 26-17 series, 3-12
time, effective, 73-20 linear, 3-11
maximum specific, 30-7 terms, 9-7
Green’s
law, 2-4 net, 28-7 Hat, hard, 83-7
theorem, 2-4 specific, 28-6 Haul, distance, 80-7 (fig), 80-8
Greenhouse g’s, units of, 72-4 (ftn) Haulage
effect, 32-8 Guard stake, 81-1 line, zero, 80-6
measurement, 81-1 rope, 45-21
gas, 32-8 Havers function, 6-4
Greenman versus Yuba Power, 88-7 (ftn) Guardrail, 75-13
highway, 75-13 Haversine, 6-4
Greensand, 22-22 Hay bale, 80-11
Greenshields tension cable, 75-13
W-beam, 75-13 Hazard (see also type)
method, signal timing, 73-17
-Poisson method, 73-17 Guidance acute, 83-5, 83-6
Grid, 34-8, 85-8 positive, 75-9, 75-10 bicarbonate, 25-11
floor, open, 57-4 sub-task, 75-8 boron, 25-11
meridian, 78-12 Guinea, 81-1 chemical, 83-4
Gumbo, G-7 chronic, 83-5, 83-6
roller, 35-18 function, 11-9
Grillage, G-7 Gunter’s chain, 78-7
Grinding, scum, 29-7 Gutter inlet, 28-5
I N D E X I-31
power line, 83-7 Heel, 15-18 (ftn), 37-12 Histogram, 11-10, 85-3
salinity, 25-11 dam, 15-11, 15-12 History accident and crash, warrant,
sodium, 25-11 retaining wall, 54-3 signalization, 73-18
Hazardous Height, 2-2 HIV, 27-10
air pollutant, 32-2 building, allowable, 82-8 HL-93
material, 33-1 cell, 31-3 design load, 74-4
spill, 32-15 critical, excavation, 39-3 standard truck, 74-4
waste, 32-2 measurement, parallax, 78-20 truck, 76-18
waste incinerator, 34-15 (fig) object, 78-19 Hobby, 87-12 (ftn)
waste, disposition, 33-2 packing, 34-22 HOCl fraction, ionized, 26-20
waste, incineration, 34-14 instrument, 78-10, 81-4 Hoist, 41-11
Hazen-Williams transfer unit, 34-22 Hoisting
constant, A-50 piezometric, 21-2 cable, 45-21
empirical formula, 21-2 rebound, 72-17 rope, extra-flexible, 45-21
equation, 17-8 roughness, 2-4 Hole
formula, 35-23 waviness, 2-4 cased, G-4
nomograph, A-57 Helix, 7-12 drilled, 60-2
roughness pipe, A-50 pitch, 7-12 in beam, 59-17
uniformity coefficient, 35-2 thread angle, 45-14 lamp, G-9
velocity, 19-6 Helmet, 83-7 oversized, 65-1
Hazmat, 33-1 Helminth, 27-4 punched, 60-2
HCM exhibit, two-line highway Henderson-Hasselbach equation, 27-3 slotted, 65-1
adjustment, 73-13 (tbl) Henry’s law, 22-9, 34-21 spacing, 65-1
HDPE pipe, 16-9 constant, 22-9 (tbl), 34-21 (tbl) standard, 60-2
Head, 15-5 (ftn), 18-6, G-8 Hepatitis, 27-6 tap, 15-3
acceleration, 18-2, 18-3 (ftn) Herbicide, 32-12 Hollow
added, 17-15 Hess’ law, 22-18 brick, 67-2
added, pump, 17-15 Heterotroph, 27-4 structural section, 58-3
dynamic, 18-6 Hexachlorobenzene, 32-12 Holographic
effective, 17-17, 18-6 Hideout, 22-24 NDT method, 43-13
extracted, 17-15 High testing, 43-13
friction, 18-6 -density screed, 76-7 Holomorphic function, 8-1
hydraulic, 26-13 -early strength portland cement, 48-1 Holonomic coordinate, 71-2
impact, 16-4 -head turbine, 18-21 Homogeneous
loss, 17-4 -lift safety valve, 16-12 circuits, law of, 85-7
loss, effect of viscosity, 17-11 -occupancy vehicle, 73-7 differential equation, 10-1, 10-2
loss, friction, 17-4 -performance concrete, 48-6 linear equation, 3-7
loss, slurry, 17-11 -performance steel, 58-6 second-order, 10-3
INDEX - H
protection, 83-7 -performance steel plate, mechanical unit system, 1-2 (ftn)
static discharge, 18-6 property, 58-6 (tbl) Homologous
static suction, 18-6 purity oxygen aeration, 30-4 family, pump, 18-13 (ftn)
total, 16-2 -range water reducer, 48-3 pump, 18-13
velocity, 18-6 -rate aeration, 30-4 Honeycomb concrete, 49-5
Headed -rate filter, 29-8 Hook, 50-23
deformed bar, 55-6 -slump concrete, 48-3 standard, 55-6 (fig)
stud, 64-3 -speed exit, 73-31 standard, masonry, 67-7
Header information, 81-1 -speed taxiway, 73-31 Hooke’s law, 43-2, 44-2 (fig), 45-20, 85-11
speed, 73-3 -strength bolt, 58-4, 65-1 Hoop
Headlight sight distance, 79-16 -strength concrete, 48-6 beam, 50-20
Headwall, G-8 -strength low-alloy steel, 58-1 stress, 45-4, 45-6
Headway, 73-6, G-8 -strength steel, 58-7 Horizon, 87-3, G-8
Health, company, 87-35 temperature, structural steel, analysis, 87-17
Heaping capacity, 80-9 properties, A-151 Horizontal
Hearing protection, 83-8 Higher heating value, 24-14 auxiliary view, 2-2
device, 83-8 Highly significant results, 11-14 circular curve, 79-1
Heat Highway (see also type), 73-3, 75-15 curve elements, 79-2 (fig)
capacity, 13-4 arterial, G-2 curve, through point, 79-6 (fig)
conversion, SI, A-3 barrier, 75-13 dilution of position, 78-6
loss, 30-17 belt, G-2 flow, grit chamber, 29-6
of combustion, 24-14, A-94 Capacity Manual, 73-2 joint reinforcement, 67-7
of formation, 22-17 Class I, 73-12 multiplier, 83-7, 83-8
of hydration, G-8 Class II, 73-12 shear, 44-10
of reaction, 22-18 Class III two-lane, 73-12 sightline offset, 79-11
release rate, 31-10 curve, 79-3 stadia measurement, 78-8 (fig)
specific, 13-4 divided, 73-3, G-5 Horsepower, 13-6, A-1, A-2
transfer, 30-17 guardrail, 75-13 aero, 17-42
transfer coefficient, 30-17 interchange, 73-23 boiler, 24-16, 24-17
transfer, fluid viscosity, A-24 multilane, 73-10 friction, 18-9
Heating rainwater runoff, 32-14 hydraulic, 17-15, 18-8 (tbl)
friction, 17-4 (ftn) safety, 75-2 shaft, 45-14
losses, 84-17 segment (see also Segment), 75-10 theoretical, 17-15
value, 24-14 specific downgrade, 73-12 water, 17-15, 18-8
value, methane, 30-17 specific upgrade, 73-12 Horton
Heave, 21-9 speed, average, 73-3 coefficient, 19-13
clay, 39-3 two-lane, 73-12 -Einstein equation, 19-10
frost, 37-12, 38-6 undivided, 73-3 equation, 19-13, 21-9
Heavy Highway Safety Manual, 75-2 Hot
hydrogen, 22-2 Hindered settling zone, 30-14 in-place recycling, 76-28
metal, 22-3 Hinge, 41-10 mix asphalt, 76-2, 76-10
metal, in wastewater, 28-14 joint, 77-12 mix asphalt concrete, 76-10
vehicle factor, 73-8 plastic, 44-19, 47-2, 47-17 mix asphaltic concrete, 76-2
vehicle median barrier, 75-13 (fig) Hinged base, pole, 75-13 mix recycling, 76-28
plant mix, 76-10 Hydroelectric Ideal

rubber asphalt mix, 76-29 generating plant, 18-23, 18-24 air, 24-9
-weather concrete, 49-6 plant, 18-24 (fig) cable, 41-16
-wire anemometer, 17-27 Hydrogen capacity, 73-5
Hourglass failure, 43-8 (ftn) available, 24-3 column, 61-2
Hourly damage, 22-20 combustion reaction, 24-9 (tbl)
vehicular volume warrant, embrittlement, 22-20 fluid, 14-2
signalization, 73-18 heavy, 22-2 quantity, 24-9
volume, 73-9 ion, G-8 reaction, 22-8
HOV, 73-7, G-8 normal, 22-2 spring, 45-20
HPC, 48-6 sulfide, 28-5 yield, 22-9
HS20-44 truck, 76-18 Hydrogenation, 32-13 Idempotent set, law, 11-1
HSM crash estimation method, 75-16 Hydrograph, 20-7 Identity
Hub, 45-7 analysis, 20-7 BAC-CAB, 5-5
stake, 81-1 separation, 20-7 hyperbolic, 6-5
Hull convex, 7-2, 7-3 Snyder, 20-11 logarithm, 3-5
Human synthesis, 20-11, 20-13 matrix, 4-1
error, 85-2 triangular unit, 20-12 set, law, 11-1
factor, 75-8 unit, 20-8 trigonometric, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 27-10 Hydrologic IDF curve, 20-5
Humectant, 32-7 (ftn) cycle, 20-1 Igneous rock, 35-32, G-8
binder, 32-7 soil group, 20-16 Ignitable substance, 32-2
Humic acid, G-8 Hydrological cycle, G-8 Ignition temperature, 24-8
Humus, G-8 Hydrolysis, 23-2 Illegitimate error, 85-2
Hundred year Hydrolyzing metal ion, 26-8 Illness
flood, 20-6 Hydrometeor, G-8 building-related, 32-4
storm, 20-6 Hydrometer, 14-4 occupational, 83-2
Hveem test, 35-2 Image
cohesiometer, 76-14 Hydronium ion, G-8 photogrammetric, 78-18 (fig)
mix design method, 76-14 Hydrophilic, 14-12, G-8 raster, 78-7
resistance value test, 35-31 Hydrophobic, 14-12, G-8 vector, 78-7
stabilometer, 76-14 Hydrostatic, 15-4 (ftn) Imaginary number, 3-1
Hybrid girder, 63-1 moment, 15-11 Imhoff cone, 25-9
Hydrant fire, 26-24 paradox, 15-4 Immediate
Hydrated pressure (see also Pressure), 15-4, 37-9 deflection, 50-15
lime, 26-15 pressure, vertical plane surface, 15-7 (fig) settling, 40-3
molecule, 22-5 resultant, 15-6 Immiscible liquid, 15-12
Hydration, 22-11, 48-1, 48-3, G-8 torque, 15-11 Impact, 72-17
heat of, G-8 Hydrostatics, 17-2 attenuator, 75-13
water of, 22-5 Hydroxyl, 23-1 (tbl) central, 72-18
Hydraulic group, 23-1 central oblique, 72-18 (fig)
conductivity, 21-2 Hyetograph storm, 20-2 direct, 72-18
depth, 16-6 (ftn), 19-3, G-8 Hygroscopic, G-8 direct central, 72-17 (fig)
detention time, 30-5, 30-8 water, G-8 eccentric, 72-18 (fig)
diameter, 16-6 (ftn), 17-9, 19-3 Hyperbola, 7-11 elastic, 72-17
diameter, conduit shape, 16-6 (tbl) equilateral, 7-12 endoergic, 72-17
drop, 16-9 (ftn), 19-20 (ftn), 19-26 rectangular, 7-12 energy, 16-4, 43-14, 43-15
element, circular pipes, A-30 unit, 6-5 energy test, 43-15
elements, A-75 Hyperbolic exoergic, 72-17 (ftn)
grade line, 16-8, 17-16, A-30 cosecant, 6-5 factor, 16-4, 40-9
INDEX - I
gradient, 21-2 cosine, 6-4, 41-19 factor, bridge, 74-4

head, 26-13 cotangent, 6-5 factor, pipes, 40-9
horsepower, 17-15, 18-8 function, 6-4 head, 16-4
horsepower equation, 18-8 (tbl) function, derivative, 8-2 inelastic, 72-17
jack, 15-15 function, integral of, 9-2 load, 44-8
jump, 16-9 (ftn), 19-23, G-8 identity, 6-5 loading, 44-7, 44-8
kilowatt equation, 18-8 (tbl) radian, 6-5 modeling, vehicle, 75-13
load, concrete, 49-8 secant, 6-5 oblique, 72-18
loading, 28-3, 29-10, 34-23 sine, 6-4 pedestrian, 75-15
mean depth, 19-2 (ftn) tangent, 6-4, 6-5 perfectly inelastic, 72-17
NPSHR, 18-21 Hypergeometric perfectly plastic, 72-17
power, 18-7 distribution, 11-5 plastic, 72-17
press, 15-15 equation, Gauss’, 10-5 protection, 83-7
radius, 16-5, 19-2, A-30, G-8 Hyperion Energy Recovery System, 30-20 ramming, 40-11
ram, 15-15 Hypersonic travel, 14-15 test, 43-15
retention time, 30-7 Hypochlorous acid, 25-9 tube, 16-4
truck crane, 83-9, 83-10 Hypocycloid, 7-4 Impaction parameter, 34-19
Hydraulically Hypolimnion, 25-8, G-8 Impactor, G-8
long, 19-27 Hypotenuse angle, 6-2 cascade, G-4
short, 19-27 Hypothesis, 22-5 cyclone, G-5
Hydraulics, 17-2 alternative, 11-15 Impairment, substantial, 82-9
Hydrocarbon, (tbl), 23-1, 23-3 (tbl), 24-1 Avogadro’s, 22-5 Impedance, 84-5
aromatic, 24-1 null, 11-15, 75-12 loss, 84-17
NPSHR correction factor, 18-21 (fig) test, 11-15, 75-12 Impeller
pumping, 18-21 Hysteresis, 85-5 (ftn) axial-flow, 18-4 (fig)
saturated, 23-2 (tbl), 24-1 spring, 45-20 mixing, 26-11
unsaturated, 24-1 radial-flow, 18-4 (fig)
viscosity, A-24 specific speed, 18-12
Hydrochloric acid, 25-9, 32-4 I Impending motion, 72-5
Hydrodynamics, 17-2 Impermeability, pavement, 76-5
IACS copper, 84-2 Impervious layer, G-8
IBC, 82-1 Implicit differentiation, 8-4
Ice point, 85-6 (ftn)
I N D E X I-33
Impounding reservoir, 20-19 Index separator, 32-7, 34-7

Impoundment depth, 20-19 aggressive, 26-19 survey system, 78-7
Impulse, 17-33, 72-14 (ftn) compressibility, 35-25 Infant mortality, 11-9
angular, 72-14 compression, 35-25, 40-4 Infective dose, 27-10
applied, 72-15 compression, secondary, 40-6 Infiltration, 20-7 (ftn), 21-9, G-8
fluid, 17-33 contour, 78-22 capacity, 21-9
function, 10-6 cost-effectiveness, 75-19 sewer, 28-2
linear, 72-14 density, 35-7 test, double-ring, 21-9
-momentum principle, 17-33, 72-15 group, 35-4 Infinite series, 3-11, 3-12 (ftn), 87-7
-momentum principle, open Langelier, 26-18 Inflation, 87-39
system, 72-16 lifting, 83-7 effect on cost, 86-7
turbine, 17-36, 18-21 liquidity, 35-22 Inflection point, 7-2, 8-2
turbine installation, 18-22 (fig) Mohlman, G-10 assumed, 47-18
Impulsive force, 72-15 plasticity, 35-22 deflection, 44-17
In Puckorius, 26-19 flexible bulkhead, 39-4, 39-5
-line filtration, 26-2 recompression, 40-4 Inflow, 28-2
-place density test, 35-21 reconsolidation, 35-25 Influence
-vessel composting, 30-20 roughness height, 2-4 chart, 40-2, 40-3
In situ, 35-8, G-8 Ryznar, 26-18 cone, 40-2
form, concrete, 49-6 shrinkage, 35-22 diagram, 41-10, 46-8, 46-9,
In vitro, G-8 sludge volume, 30-5 46-11, 46-12, 46-13
In vivo, G-8 spring, 45-20 (ftn) graph, 41-10
In-place swelling, 35-25, 40-4 line, 41-10
form, concrete, 49-6 terminal pavement serviceability, 76-20 radius of, 21-5, 31-6
recycling, cold, 76-28 terminal serviceability, 76-17 value, 40-2
Incidence transverse reinforcement, 55-5 zone of, 40-2
rate, injury, 83-2 viscosity, 14-9 Influent, G-8
Incident viscosity blending, 14-16 stream, G-8
delay, 73-14 water stability, 26-18 Information
recordable, 83-2 Indicating, direct-tension washer, 45-13 cluster, 81-1
Incidental resistance, 75-5 Indicator header, 81-1
Incineration, 24-4 card, 85-14 Infrared
hazardous waste, 34-14 diagram, 85-14 incineration, 34-14
infrared, 34-14 organism, 27-8 testing, 43-12
liquid, 34-14 solution, 25-2 Inhalable fraction, 32-7
MSW, 31-10 Indirect Initial
oxygen-enriched, 34-14 cost, 86-9 abstraction, 20-2, 20-18
plasma, 34-14 leveling, 78-11, 78-12 (fig) loss, G-8
sludge, 30-20, 34-15 manufacturing expense, 87-33 modulus, 48-5
soil, 34-15 material and labor cost, 87-33 period, 73-20
solid, 34-15 Induced rate of absorption, 67-5
Incinerator, 34-11, 34-13, 34-14 drag, 17-41 value, 9-4, 10-1
hazardous waste, 34-15 (fig) voltage, 17-27 value problem, 10-1
no-boiler, 31-10 Inductance, 84-6 Injection
performance, 34-13 (tbl) Induction motor, 18-10, 84-14 sorbent, 34-20
plasma, 34-14 Inductive well, 34-11
vapor, 34-15 reactance, 84-6 well installation, 34-11 (fig)
Inclined transducer, 85-4 Injured party, 88-6
backfill, 37-6 Inductor, 84-6 Injury
plane, 72-11 Industrial incidence rate, 83-2
stadia measurement, 78-8 (fig) exemption, 90-1 log, 83-2 (ftn)
INDEX - I
Income, 87-34 wastewater, 28-2, 28-8, 29-1 occupational, 83-2
bracket, 87-25 wastewater pollution, 34-23 (tbl) Inlet
net, 87-34 wastewater, standards, 29-1 control, 19-27
tax, 87-24 Industry classification system, 83-2 (ftn) curb, 28-5
Incomplete combustion, 24-12 Inelastic grate, 28-5
Incompressible gas, 16-2 (ftn) analysis, 47-2 gutter, 28-5
Inconsistent system, 3-7 buckling, 61-4 pressure, net positive, 18-2 (ftn)
Increase, average, 11-16 design, 59-8 Inline sampling, 22-24
Incremental first-order analysis, 47-2 Inner transition element, 22-3
analysis, 87-17 impact, 72-17 Innovative method, 32-15
cost, 87-32 second-order analysis, 47-2 Inorganic
Incursion, lane, 79-20 strain, 43-3 chemical, 28-14
Indefinite integral, 9-1 (ftn), 9-2, 9-4, A-10 Inequality, 4-4 compound, volatile, 32-16
Indenter, Brale, 43-13 Inertia, 70-2 salt, removal, in wastewater, 29-3
Independent area moment, 42-3 Insecticide (see also Pesticide), 32-12
event, 11-3 centroidal mass moment, 70-2 Insensitivity, 85-2
float, G-8 centroidal moment of, 42-3, 42-4 experiment, 11-12
variable, 3-2 cracked, transformed, 50-15 Inspection
wire rope core, 45-21 mass moment of, 70-2, A-165 polynomial, 3-4
Indeterminacy moment of, 42-3, A-114, A-165 radiographic, 82-4
degree of, 41-7, 41-8, 46-1 polar moment of, 42-6 Instability, 85-2
kinematic, degree of, 47-10 principal moment of, 42-8 Instant center, 71-13
static, degree of, 47-7 product of, 42-7, 70-2 Instantaneous
Indeterminate rectangular moment of, 42-3 center, 71-13
beam formulas, resistance, vehicle, 75-2 center of acceleration, 71-14
A-128, A-129, A-130, A-131, A-132 vector, 70-2, 72-5 (ftn) center of rotation, 66-7
statically, 41-7, 46-1 Inertial center of rotation method, 65-5, 65-6
statics, 46-1 force, 70-2, 72-5 center, constrained cylinder, 72-12 (fig)
system, 41-8 (fig) frame of reference, 71-10 deflection, 50-15
truss, 46-7 frame of reference, Newtonian, 71-10
resisting force, vehicle, 75-2
growth, 3-11 Intergranular, 22-20 Inversing, 78-13

reorder inventory, 87-44 (fig) attack, 22-19 the line, 78-13
values, 71-2 corrosion, 22-19 Inversion
Instrument Interior Fourier, 9-7
coefficient of, 17-28 angle, 78-13, 79-2 layer, G-8
factor, 78-8 angle, curve, 79-2 lining, 40-11
height, 78-10, 81-4 intermediate stiffener, 63-3 Invert, 19-27
person, 81-4 Intermediate Inverted
telescopic, 78-5 clarifier, 29-12 bucket steam trap, 16-14
Insurance, 88-8 column, 45-4, 61-4 siphon, G-8
Services Office, 26-23 metals, law of, 85-7 Investment
Intangible property, 87-20 (ftn) stiffener, 44-19, 59-18, 63-4 (fig) credit, 87-25
Integral, 9-1, 9-2 stiffener design, 63-4 external, 87-13
combination of functions, 9-2 temperatures, law of, 85-7, 85-8 return on, 87-11, 87-14
convolution, 10-6 Intermittent risk-free, 87-11
cosine function, 9-8, 9-9 duty, 84-14 tax credit, 87-25
definite, 9-1 (ftn), 9-4 sand filter, 29-12 IOC, 28-14
double, 9-3 Intern engineer, 90-1 (ftn) Iodine, 26-21
elliptic function, 9-8 (ftn) Internal Ion, G-8
exponential function, 9-9 energy, 13-4 bar chart, 25-1
Fresnel function, 9-8 (ftn) force, 41-2, 41-13, 72-2 common, effect, 22-13
function, 9-8 friction, angle of, 35-17, 35-26, 40-7, -electron method, 22-8 (ftn)
gamma function, 9-8 (ftn) 43-8, 72-6 exchange process, 22-22, 26-17
hyperbolic function, 9-2 rate of return, 87-12 exchange regeneration, 26-18
indefinite, 9-1, 9-4, A-10 work, 13-2, 43-6 exchange resin, 22-22
sine function, 9-8 International exchange softening, 26-17
transcendental function, 9-1 Code Council, 82-1 hydrogen, G-8
triple, 9-3 standard atmosphere, A-59 hydronium, G-8
Integrand, 9-1 standard metric condition, 24-2 product, 22-15
Integrated gasification/combined Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Ionic concentration, 22-11, 22-12
cycle, 24-5 (IUPAC), 23-1 Ionization constant, 22-15
Integrating factor, 10-2 International Ionized HOCl fraction, 26-20
Integration, 9-1 Building Code, 58-5 (ftn), 82-1 Iron, A-116, A-117, A-118
by parts, 9-2 Fire Code, 82-2 bacteria, 27-6
by separation of terms, 9-3 Mechanical Code, 82-2 ion, in water, 25-6, 26-15
constant of, 9-1, 10-1 Plumbing Code, 82-2 loss, 84-17
method, 42-1, 42-4 Residency Code, 82-2 pipe, A-44
Intensity Zoning Code, 82-2 pipe, dimensions, A-44
-duration-frequency curve, 20-5 Interpolating polynomial, Newton’s, 12-3 pipe, standard pressure
rainfall, 20-4 Interpolation nonlinear, 12-2, 12-3 classes, A-44, A-45
Interaction Intersection removal process, 26-15
AISC equation (steel), 59-15 angle, 7-6, 7-8, 79-2 Irradiation, 26-21
diagram, 52-5, 52-6 capacity, 73-14 Irrational real number, 3-1
diagram, masonry wall, 68-10 crash factor, 75-10 Irreducible factor, 87-2
diagram, reinforced element, 73-14 Irregular
concrete, A-135, A-136, A-137, A-138, line, 2-1, 7-6 area, 7-1 (fig)
A-139, A-140, A-141, A-142, A-143, set, 11-1 boundary, 7-1
A-144, A-145, A-146, A-147, A-148, signal warrant, 73-17 Irreversible reaction, 22-13
A-149, A-159, A-160, A-161, A-162, signalized, 73-14 ISA nozzle, 17-32 (ftn)
A-163, A-164 Interval Isentropic
equation, 62-2 confidence, 78-2 compressibility, 14-13
equation, flexural/force, 62-2 contour, 78-22 compression, 30-9
Intercept, 7-5 pace, 73-4 efficiency, 30-9
cohesion, 35-26 proof test, 11-9 Isocenter, 78-19
form, 7-5 recurrence, 20-5 Isogonic line, 78-12, G-8
Interception, G-8 return, 20-5 Isohyet, 20-2
Interceptor, 28-3 stadia, 78-8 Isohyetal method, 20-2
Interchange (see also type) Intrinsic Isolated footing, 36-2
adaptability, 73-25 (fig) permeability, 21-2 Isolation joint, 77-12
all-directional, 73-25 waste, 32-2 Isometric view, 2-3
cloverleaf, 73-25 Intrusion, G-8 Isometry, 7-3
diamond, 73-24 Intrusive igneous rock, 35-32 Isopiestic equilibrium, 14-10 (ftn)
INDEX - J
directional, 73-25 Invar, 78-8 Isothermal

highway (see also type), rod, 78-9 compressibility, 14-13
parclos, 73-23, 73-25 Inventory, 87-37 compression, 15-13
partial cloverleaf, 73-25 days supply on hand, 87-36 Isotope, 22-2, G-8
single-point diamond, 73-25 instantaneous reorder, 87-44 (fig) effect, 22-2 (ftn)
single-point urban, 73-25 load, 74-3 Iteration, fixed-point, 12-2
trumpet, 73-25 rating level, bridge, 74-3 IUC name, 23-1
type, 73-24 (fig) supply, 87-36 IUPAC name, 23-1
urban, 73-25 turnover, 87-36 Izod test, 43-16
Interest value, 87-37
compound, 87-11 Inversability, 78-6
rate, effective, 87-5, 87-28 Inverse J
rate, nominal, 87-28 condemnation, G-8
simple, 87-11 function, 6-4 J.B. Johnson formula, 45-4
Interfacial Laplace transform, 10-6 Jack, hydraulic, 15-15
area, 34-21 matrix, 4-6 Jacking, 56-2
friction angle, 31-5 (tbl) -square attractive field, 72-19 frost, 38-6
Interference, 45-6 -square repulsive field, 72-19 pipe, 40-11
fit, 45-6 trigonometric operation, 6-4 Jackson and Moreland alignment
Interflow, G-8 chart, 53-3 (fig), 61-3 (fig)
Jacob’s equation, 21-7
I N D E X I-35
Jam density, 73-6, G-9 Kinematics, 71-1 natural attenuation, 31-2

Jersey barrier, 75-13 Kinetic siting, 31-5
Jet energy, 1-3, 13-3, 16-1 sludge, 30-20
force on blade, 17-35 model, CSTR, 30-6 Subtitle C, 31-3
force on plate, 17-34 model, PFR, 30-6 Subtitle D, 31-3
propulsion, 17-34 pump, 18-2 Landing speed, 79-21
pump, 18-2 Kinetics, 72-2 Landvault, 31-2
Jib, 83-9, 83-10 reaction, 22-14 Lane
fixed, 83-9, 83-10 reaction, irreversible, 22-13 and shoulder adjustment factor, 73-13
fixed-angle, 83-9, 83-10 reaction, reversible, 22-14 auxiliary, G-2
luffing, 83-9, 83-10 Kingdom, 27-4, G-9 Class III, 73-12
Job cost accounting, 87-36 Kip, A-3 distribution, 73-6
Johnson procedure, 45-3 Kirchhoff’s voltage law, 84-3 distribution factor, 76-17, 76-18 (tbl)
Joint (see also type), 41-12 Kjeldahl nitrogen, 28-14 encroachment, 79-20
construction, 77-2, 77-12 kmol, 22-5 group, critical, 73-15
contraction, 77-11 Kneading compactor, 76-14 loading, 76-18
control, 77-11 Knock resistance, 24-6 median, G-9
dummy, 77-11 Knoop test, 43-13 occupancy ratio, G-9
efficiency, 16-10, 45-12 Knot, 79-21 Lang lay, 45-22
expansion, 77-12 Knudsen number, 1-9 (tbl) Langelier
hinge, 77-12 Korteweg formula, 17-39 saturation index, 26-18
isolation, 77-12 Krause process, G-9 stability index, 26-18
lap, 66-2 Kuchling’s formula, 26-24 (ftn) Lanthanide, 22-3
lap, bolted, 45-10 Kurtosis, 11-14 Lanthanon, 22-3
pavement, 77-11 excess, 11-14 Lanthanum, 22-3 (ftn)
pavement, concrete, 77-11 (fig) Fisher’s, 11-14 Lap
INDEX - L
probability, 11-3 Pearson’s, 11-14 joint, 66-2
processing, 28-2 Kutta-Joukowsky joint, bolted, 45-10
quality factor, 16-10 result, 17-41 length, wire, 67-7
reinforcement, 67-7 theorem, 17-41 Laplace transform, 10-5, A-11
spacing, 77-11 Kutter equation, 19-4 (ftn) of a derivative, 10-6
warping, 77-12 kVA rating, 84-14 table, A-11
weakened plane, 77-11 inverse, 10-6
Jointed Lapse rate, G-9
concrete pavement, 77-2 L dry, G-9
reinforced concrete pavement, 77-2 wet, G-9
Joints (see also type) L’Hôpital’s rule, 3-9 Large eccentricity, 52-6
method of, 41-14 Label Last-in, first-out method, 87-38
Joist, 59-2 classified, 82-3 Latency, 27-10
construction, 50-21 listed, 82-3 Lateral, G-9
Joule, 1-5, A-3 UL, 82-3 acceleration, rate of increase, 79-18
equivalent, 13-1 Labor bracing, 59-3
Joule’s direct, 87-32 buckling, 44-19
constant, 13-1 variance, 87-36 buckling, in beam, 59-3 (fig)
law, 13-5 Laboratory buckling, flange support, 44-19 (fig)
Journal, 87-33 settling column test, 26-6 earth pressure, coefficient, 38-3
Judgment factor, 87-2 strength, pipe, 40-9 load, stiffness reduction factor, 53-4
Jump, hydraulic, 16-9 (ftn), 19-23, G-8 Laborer’s lien, 88-5 offset between tangent and curve, 79-21
Junction, 85-6 Laced column, 61-2 (ftn) pressure on formwork, 49-8
Juvenile water, G-9 Lacing bar, 61-2 (ftn) ratio, 79-7
Lag spreading cracking, pavement, 76-5
equation, NRCS, 20-4 strain, 43-4
equation, SCS, 20-11
K phase, 27-3
support, 59-3
tie, masonry column, 69-2
K time, 20-11 torsional buckling modification
-out-of-n system, 11-10 Lagging, G-9 factor, 59-4
-rail barrier, 75-13 circuit, 84-7 Latex
-value, 45-20, 77-5, 77-6 (tbl) storm method, 20-13 -modified concrete, 77-13
-value method, 79-15 Lagoon synthetic, 76-5
-waste, 32-2 aerated, 29-5 Lath, 81-1
KABCO severity scale, 75-16 stabilization, 29-4 Latitude, 78-13 (fig)
Karman-Nikuradse equation, 17-5 Lagrange stream function, 17-4 Lattice bar, 61-2 (ftn)
Kepler’s law, 72-20 Lagrange’s formula, 5-5 Latticed column, 61-2 (ftn)
Kern, 44-13, 69-3 Lagrangian interpolating polynomial, 12-2 Latus rectum, 7-10, 7-11
cross section, 44-13 (fig) Lake Launching, 75-13
Kernel, 44-13 dimictic, G-5 Lava, G-9
Kerosene meromictic, G-9 Law
equivalent, centrifuge, 76-14 monomictic, G-10 Abrams’, strength, 48-4
Ketone, 23-3 (tbl) polymictic, G-11 affinity, 18-18
Key, 37-1 (ftn) Lame’s solution, 45-5 associative, addition, 3-3
component, 34-21 Lamella plate, 26-6 associative, multiplication, 3-3
Kick-out, toe, 39-5 Laminae, 16-7 Avogadro’s, 22-5, G-2
Kilograin (unit), 26-17 (ftn) Laminar commutative, addition, 3-3
Kilogram, 1-1 flow, 16-7, 17-5 commutative, multiplication, 3-3
Kilowatt tube, 26-6 conservation of momentum, 17-33
-hours, 18-10 Lamp hole, G-9 Dalton’s, 24-14, 31-6
hydraulic, 18-8 (tbl) Land ban, 33-2 Darcy’s, 21-3, 31-7, 35-23
Kinematic Landfill, 31-2 distributive, 3-3
equation, Manning, 20-3 cap, 31-5 Green’s, 2-4
GPS surveying, 78-6 capacity, 31-3 Henry’s, 34-21
indeterminacy, degree of, 47-10 containment, 31-2 Hess’, 22-18
viscosity, 14-8, 16-7 gas, 31-5 Hooke’s, 43-2, 44-2, 45-20, 85-11
wave formula, 20-4 monitoring, 31-9
Joule’s, 13-5 Legal speed limit, 73-3 perfecting, 88-5

Kepler’s, 72-20 Legendre equation, 10-5 supplier’s, 88-5
Newton’s first, 72-4 Legionella, 32-4 Life
Newton’s second, 72-4 Legionnaires’ disease, 32-4 analysis, economical, 87-4
Newton’s third, 72-5 Length, 2-2 -cycle, 86-7
Newton’s, gravitation, 72-20 arc, 71-8 -cycle cost, 87-15, 87-20
Law of arc, by integration, 9-5 -cycle cost analysis, 86-7
areas, 72-20 characteristic, 19-18 -cycle assessment, 86-7
conservation of energy, 13-1 chord, 17-40 design, 76-19
conservation of momentum, 72-2 conversion, SI, A-3, A-4 economic, 87-19, 87-20
cooling, Newton’s, 10-10 curve, 79-3 equivalent investment, 87-39 (ftn)
cosines, 6-5 curve, comfort, 79-17 fatigue, 43-9
cosines, first, 6-6 cycle, 73-16, 73-17 half-, 22-14
cosines, second, 6-6 desirable, spiral curve, 79-21 Safety Code, 82-1
definite proportions, 22-4 development, 55-5, 57-6 service, 87-20
homogeneous circuits, 85-7 effective, 61-3 useful, 87-20
induction, Faraday’s, 17-27 effective, column, 45-3 water treatment plant, 26-2
intermediate metals, 85-7 equivalent, 17-12 Lifeline rate, 84-7 (ftn)
intermediate temperatures, 85-7, 85-8 equivalent, straight pipe, fittings, A-56 Lifetime, water treatment plant, 26-2
mass action, 22-13, 22-15 minimum splice, 67-7 Lift, 17-39, 31-3, 35-18
motion, Newton’s, 26-5 of hydraulic jump, 19-26 angle chart, 83-11
multiple proportions, 22-4 platoon, 73-20 capacity chart, 83-11
orbits, 72-20 ratio, 17-45 check valve, 16-12
periods, 72-20 roughness sampling, 2-4 coefficient of, 17-40
planetary motion, 72-20 scale, 19-18 range chart, 83-11
INDEX - L
sines, 6-5, 6-6 spread, 76-7 rotating cylinders, 17-41

tangents, 6-5 taper, 73-32 table, crane, 83-11
Pascal’s, 15-4 weaving segment, 73-26 thickness, asphalt pavement, 76-8
periodic, 22-2 wire lap, 67-7 Lifting
Raoult’s, 14-16 Leptokurtic distribution, 11-14 equation, NIOSH, 83-7
set, 11-1 Leptothrix, 27-6 index, 83-7
similarity, 18-20 Letter of agreement, 88-3 velocity, water, 21-5
Stokes’, 17-42, 26-5 Level Light
Laws, scaling, 18-20 action, 83-8 detection and ranging unit, 78-6
Lay, 2-4 compensation, G-4 distance, 79-16
lang, 45-22 confidence, 11-14 metal, 22-3
regular, 45-22 dumpy, 78-9 -sensitive detector, 85-4
Layer engineer’s, 78-9 Lightweight
boundary, 16-8 (ftn) geodetic, 78-10 aggregate, 48-7
coefficient, 76-22 maximum contaminant, 28-15 aggregate factor, 48-6 (tbl), 50-16,
impervious, G-8 of accuracy, 78-4 55-2, 55-5
inversion, G-8 of reliability, 76-20 (tbl) concrete, 48-4, 48-6, 48-7
material strength, 77-5 of service, 73-3, 73-8, 73-21 Lignite coal, 24-4
strength, 76-20 of service criteria, multilane Limb
strength coefficient, 76-24 (tbl) highway, 73-11 (tbl) falling, 20-7
thickness determination, 76-24 (fig) of service, freeway, 73-8 (tbl) rising, 20-7
-thickness equation, 76-22 of service, primary measure of, 73-4 (tbl) Lime, 26-9
geological strata, 83-3 piezometric, G-11 hydrated, 26-15
Layered precise, 78-10 milk of, 26-15
lbmol, 22-5 prism, 78-10 slaked, 26-15
Le Châtelier’s principle, 22-13 semi-precise, 78-10 -soda ash process, 26-15
Leachate, 31-7 significance, 11-14 softening, 26-15 (ftn)
carbon dioxide in, 31-9 survey, 78-9 Limestone, sweetening with, 48-2
generation rate, 31-7 surveying, 78-9 Limit, 3-9
migration, 31-7 tangent resistance, 75-5 Atterberg, 35-3, 35-21
recovery, 31-8 Leveler, 81-4 class, 11-10
treatment, 31-8 Leveling, 78-9 confidence, 11-15
Leaching differential, 78-10 elastic, 43-3
cesspool, 29-2 direct, 78-9, 78-10 (fig) endurance, 43-9
characteristic, toxicity, 32-2 indirect, 78-11, 78-12 (fig) liquid, 35-21
selective, 22-19 resource, 86-10 plastic, 35-21
Lead, 32-9 rod, 78-10 proportionality, 43-3
angle, bolt, 45-14 Lever, 41-10, 41-11 (fig) shrinkage, 35-21
Leading circuit, 84-7 effectiveness, 15-16 simplifying, 3-9
Leak detection and repair program efficiency, 15-16 state, 74-4 (ftn)
(LDAR), 32-8 Leverage, 87-35 state design, 59-8
Learning curve, 87-43 Lewis number, 1-9 (tbl) state, service, 56-7
constant, 87-43 (tbl) LFR method, 74-3 states, 58-5
rate, 87-43 Liability Limited
Least account, 87-33 liability company, 88-2
radius of gyration, 42-6, 61-4 current, 87-35 liability partnership, 88-2
squares, balancing, 78-15 in tort, 88-7 Limiting
squares method, 11-16, 78-15 limited, company, 88-2 current, sensor, 85-4
Ledger long-term, 87-35 reactant, 22-9
account, 87-33 Licensing, 90-1 value, 3-9
general, 87-33 exam, 90-3 Limnetic, G-9
Left distributive law, 4-4 LIDAR, 78-6 Limnology, G-9
Leg, pipe, 17-21 Lien Lindane, 32-12
Legal construction, 88-5 Line, 6-1 (ftn), 7-3
load, 74-3 laborer’s, 88-5 agonic, G-1
rating level, bridge, 74-3 materialman’s, 88-5 balance, 80-7 (fig)
speed, 73-3 mechanic’s, 88-5 centroid of a, 42-3
I N D E X I-37
contour, 78-22 -gas ratio, venturi scrubber, 34-18 coefficient, buried pipe, 40-8
current, 84-11 immiscible, 15-12 concentric, 44-12
daylight, 81-4 incineration, 34-14 curve, trapezoidal, 41-6
dredge, 39-2 limit, 35-21 distributed, 41-5 (fig)
energy, 16-8 (ftn) penetrant testing, 43-12 dust, 34-5
energy grade, 16-8, 17-15 pore-squeeze, 31-7 eccentric, 44-12
equipotential, 17-3, 21-7 thixotropic, 14-7 error, 85-2
failure, 35-26 volatile, 14-10, 22-11 (ftn) fabric, 34-5
flow, 21-7, 29-2 Liquidated damages, 88-7 factor, 31-3
grade, 80-3 Liquidity, 87-35 HL-93, 76-19 (fig)
hydraulic grade, 16-8, 17-16 index, 35-22 hydraulic, 28-3, 29-10, 34-23
influence, 41-10 Liquor, mixed, 30-2 impact, 44-7, 44-8
intersection, 2-1, 7-6 List, 15-18 (ftn) lane, 76-18
isogonic, 78-12, G-8 Listed organic, 28-3, 29-9
mud, 39-2, G-10 label, 82-3 pump shaft, 18-11
neat, 80-10 product, 82-3 rate, 26-13
net, 80-10 Liter, 1-6 sewage treatment plant, 28-3
normal vector, 8-6 Lithium-based admixture, 48-2 steel, 58-5
of action, 5-1, 41-2 Lithotroph, 27-4 surface, 26-6, 29-7, 29-8
perpendicular, 2-1 Littoral, G-9 transverse, 41-16
pull, 83-10 Live load, 45-2 (ftn), G-9 volumetric, 30-8
rupture, 35-26 factor, 74-4 weir, 26-6, 29-7
straight, 7-4 (fig) model, 74-3 Loadometer, 76-17
surcharge, 37-8 Lloyd-Davies equation, 20-14 (ftn) Loads on buried pipe, 40-8
virgin compression, 35-24 Load Loan, 87-40
waiting, 73-27 allowance, dynamic, 74-4 constant amount paid toward
INDEX - L
zero haulage, 80-6 and resistance factor principal, 87-41 (fig)
Lineal, 1-8 design, 58-5, 59-8, 74-3 (ftn) direct reduction, 87-41 (fig)
measurement, 1-8 and resistance factor rating method, direct reduction, balloon
Linear, 1-8 bridge, 74-4 payment, 87-42 (fig)
acceleration, 71-4 block, 83-10 repayment, 87-4
algebra, 4-4 (ftn) buckling, 53-5, 61-2 repayment problem, 87-4
deformation, 47-3 -carrying wall, 54-2 simple interest, 87-40
displacement, 71-3 cell, 85-12 Local
elastic analysis, 47-2 chart, crane, 83-11 buckling, 44-19, 59-17 (fig), 61-2, 61-6
elastic analysis, second-order, 47-2 combination, 50-3 loss, 17-12, A-57
equation, 3-6, 3-7 composite, 57-3 regulations, 82-2
equation, differential, 10-1 dead, 41-5, G-5 road, 73-3
equation, graphing, 3-7 -deformation compatibility, 66-4 shear failure, 36-2
equation, reduction, 3-7 distributed, 41-5 Location
equation, simultaneous, 3-6, 3-7 distributed, beam, 41-5 (fig) effect on cost, 86-7
equation, substitution, 3-7 distributed, moment, 41-6 landfill, 31-5
expansion, coefficient, 44-3, 44-4 dominant, 46-14 parameter, 11-8
first-order, 10-2 duration factor, 59-17 (ftn) stake, 81-5 (fig)
force system, 41-4 (fig) -elongation curve, 43-2 water treatment plant, 26-2
frequency, 84-4 equivalency factor, 76-17 Locomotive
growth rate, 3-11 Euler, 61-2 diesel-electric, 75-5
impulse, 72-14 factor (haulage), 40-9, 45-2, 50-3, 80-1 resistance, 75-4
momentum, 17-33, 72-2 factor design method, 45-2, 59-8 tractive force, 75-4
motion, 71-2 factor rating method, bridge, 74-3 Locus of points, 7-2
particle motion, 71-2 factor, bedding, 40-9 Loess, G-9
regression, 11-16 factor, jacking force, 50-4 Log
second-order, 10-3 factored, 50-3 -spiral theory, 37-3
spring, 13-2 (ftn) impact, 44-8 injury, 83-2 (ftn)
system, 71-2 inventory, 74-3 -linear form, 3-11
thermal expansion, coefficient, 44-4 (tbl) live, 45-2 (ftn), G-9 mean, 11-8
variable differential transformer, 85-4 moving, 46-14 -normal distribution, 11-8
velocity, 21-4 noncomposite, 57-3 standard deviation, 11-8
velocity-dependent force, 72-18 operating, 74-3 strain, 43-5
yield, paving, 76-7 overhung, 18-11 Logarithm, 3-5
Linearity, 10-6 permit, 74-3 common, 3-5
Lined concrete pipe, 16-10 posted, 74-3 identity, 3-5
Liner posting, 74-2 Napierian, 3-5
clay, 31-4 proof, bolt, 45-9, 45-13 natural, 3-5
double, 31-3 rating, bridge, 74-2 Logarithmic growth phase, 27-4
flexible membrane, 31-3, 31-4 service, 45-2, 50-3 Logistic
geocomposite, 31-4 shock, septage, 29-2 equation, 27-4
-plate cofferdam, 39-8 superposition, 41-16 growth rate constant, 27-4
synthetic membrane, 31-4 thermal, 47-3 Long
Lines, angle between, 6-1 transfer, 77-7 column, 52-1, 53-1, 61-4
Lining transfer coefficient, 77-7 hydraulically, 19-27
ditch, fabric, 80-11 transverse, truss member, 41-16 (fig) stress, 45-5
pipe, 16-11 transverse, truss, 41-16 -term deflection, 50-17
Lintel, 59-2 truck, 76-18 -term deflection factor, 56-3
Lipid, G-9 ultimate, 47-2 -term deformation, 50-17
Lipiphilic, G-9 vector, 47-12 -term liability, 87-35
Liquefaction, 40-11 Loaded tire radius, 75-3 ton, 1-7
Liquefied petroleum gas, 24-8 Loader, low-lift, 76-7 Longitudinal stress, 45-5
Liquid Loading Loop, 73-25
aromatic, 14-10 (ftn) axial, 44-12 pipe, 17-21
asset, 87-35 BOD, 28-9, 29-9 ramp, 73-25
fuel, 24-5 chemical, 34-23
Loose Macroporous resin, 26-17 Marketing expense, 87-33

cubic yard, 80-1 Macroreticular Marking, stake, 81-1
-measure, 80-1 resin, 26-17 Marl, G-9
LOS synthetic resin, 22-22 Marshall
criteria, signalized MACRS depreciation factor, 87-22 (tbl) mix design, 76-10, 76-12 (tbl)
intersection, 73-15 (tbl) Magma, 35-32, G-9 mix design test, 76-12 (fig)
criteria, two-lane highway, 73-13 (tbl) Magmeter, 17-27 mix test procedure, 76-11, 76-11 (fig)
performance criteria, 73-12 Magnaflux process, 43-12 stability, 76-10
Los Angeles Abrasion test, 76-4 Magnaglow process, 43-12 Marshland survey, 78-5
Loss Magnesia, 24-3 (ftn) Marston coefficients, 40-8
coefficient, 17-12, 17-13 (tbl), 17-14 Magnesium, A-116, A-117, A-118 Marston’s formula, 40-8
coefficient, minor entrance, 19-28 hardness, 25-3 Martensitic stainless steel, 22-19 (ftn)
combustible, 24-16 structural, A-115 Masking, 34-19
creep, 56-4 Magnetic Masonry
dry flue gas, 24-16 azimuth, 73-30 absorption, 67-5
during transport, 80-9 declination, 78-12 column, 69-1
electrical machine, 84-17 flowmeter, 17-27 compressive strength, 67-3
entrance, culvert, 17-20 (tbl) meridian, 78-12 density, 15-12 (ftn)
factor, pulley, 41-11 particle testing, 43-12, 82-4 embedment length, 67-6
heat, 30-17 Magnification, moment, 53-1 horizontal cross sections, section
initial, G-8 Magnifier properties, A-153, A-154,
local, 17-12, A-57 flexural, 62-2 A-155, A-156
lump-sum, 56-4 moment, 53-5 mortar, 68-3
lump-sum, AASHTO, 56-4 Magnus effect, 17-41 partially grouted, 68-6
method, 24-17 Main, G-9 plain, 68-1
minor, 17-12, A-57 force, 28-4, G-6 properties, 67-3
prestress/pretension, 56-3 sewer, 28-2 unit, 67-1
radiation, 24-16 Major unreinforced, 68-3
relaxation, 56-4 axis, 7-11, 59-2, 61-4 wall, 68-1
shrinkage, 56-4 plant, 28-3 wall interaction diagram, 68-10
time-dependent, 56-4 source, pollution, 32-2 wire, 67-7
Lost weave segment, 73-26 wire lap length, 67-7
time, 73-15 Make Mass, 1-1, 70-1
time case rate, 83-2 -or-break valve, 16-14 action, law of, 22-13, 22-15
work, 17-4 (ftn) -up water, 22-23 burning, 31-10
workday rate, 83-2 Malodorous, G-9 center of, 70-1
Lot, parking, 73-22 Malthusian growth, 3-11 conversion, SI, A-3, A-4
dimensions, 73-23 Management curve, 20-2
INDEX - M
Low project, 86-1 diagram, 20-21, 80-6, 80-8

-alkali cement, 48-2 safety, technique, 75-10 flow rate per unit area, 16-7
-cycle fatigue, 43-9 schedule, 86-9 fraction curve, 26-6
excess-air burner, 34-15 Manager, construction, 88-5 liquid, transfer, coefficient, 34-21
-heat portland cement, 48-2 Maney formula, 45-13 moment of inertia, 70-2, A-165
-lift loader, 76-7 Manganese of sludge, water treatment, 26-12
-lift safety valve, 16-12 ion, in water, 25-6, 26-15 sludge, 26-12, 30-13
NOx burner, 34-15 removal process, 26-15 -to-power ratio, 75-8
-rate filter, 29-8 Manhole, 28-5 -transfer coefficient, 34-21
-strength material, controlled, 48-8 Manning’s varying, 72-19
-sulfur coal, 24-5 equation, 19-4 yield, 31-11
Lower formula, 19-4 Mast, tower crane, 83-10
bound, 9-4 kinematic equation, 20-3 Master text, 82-11
confidence limit, 78-2 overland roughness coefficient, 20-4 Mastic, split, 76-28
heating value, 24-14 retardance roughness coefficient, 20-4 Mat, 36-9
Lowest achievable emission rate, 34-2 roughness coefficient, 19-4, 20-3, A-73 Material
LPG, 24-8 roughness constant, 19-4, 19-5, anisotropic, 5-1
LRFD, 58-5, 74-3 (ftn) A-73, A-75 breach, 88-6
Lubricant, viscosity, A-24 roughness variable, A-73, A-75 cementitious, 48-1
Luffing jib, 83-9, 83-10 Manometer, 15-2, 15-3 (fig) colloidal, 14-7
Lump differential, 15-3 direct, 87-32
coal, 24-4 open, 15-3 ductile, 43-6
-sum fee, 88-5 Mantissa, 3-5 engineering, type, 43-2 (fig)
-sum loss, 56-4 Manual hard, 43-1
Lyophilic, 14-12 bookkeeping system, 87-33 (ftn) low-strength, controlled, 48-8
Lyophobic, 14-12 total station, 78-5 mechanics, 44-2
Lysimeter, G-9 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control notch-brittle, 43-6 (ftn)
Lysosome, 27-2 Devices, 73-2, 73-17 orthotropic, G-10
Manufactured gas, 24-8 (ftn) pipe, 16-9
Manufacturer’s margin, 24-16 plastic, 14-7
M Manufacturing cost, 87-33 raw, 87-33
Map recovery facility, 31-11
M/M/1 single-server model, 73-28 scale, 78-21 resilient, 43-7
M/M/s multi-server model, 73-29 symbols, 78-21 (fig) safety data sheet, 83-4, 83-5
MAAT, 76-16 topographic, 78-21 (fig) soft, 43-1
Macadam, 76-10 Mapping strength, 44-2, 77-5
Mach number, 1-9 (tbl), 14-15 aerial, 78-18 strong, 43-1
Machine, 41-20 function, 7-3 tough, 43-7
-drilled micropile, 38-6 Marble, 35-32 variance, 87-36
electric, 84-16 Margin Materialman’s lien, 88-5
Machinery arm, crane, 83-10 boiling-point, 32-8 Matrix, 4-1
Maclaurin series, 8-8 gross, 87-36 algebra, 4-4
MacPherson versus Buick, 88-7 (ftn) manufacturer’s, 24-16 associative law, 4-4
Macrofouling, 27-8 Market value, 87-23 augmented, 4-1
Macrophyte, 25-7
I N D E X I-39
coefficient, 4-6 arithmetic, 11-12 pin-connected, axial, 41-12

cofactor, 4-1 cell residence time, 30-5, 30-8 redundant, 41-7, 41-13
column, 4-1 depth, hydraulic, 19-2 (ftn) set, 11-1
commutative law, 4-4 effective pressure, 85-14 tension, 60-1 (fig)
complex, 4-1 fourth moment of, 11-14 tension, staggered holes, 60-2 (fig)
constant, 4-6 free path, 34-9 tension, uniform thickness, unstaggered
costing, 86-6 geometric, 11-12 holes, 60-2 (fig)
diagonal, 4-1 harmonic, 11-12 tension, unstaggered row of
distributive law, 4-4 number, M/M/s system, 73-29 (fig) holes, 60-2 (fig)
division, 4-4 residence time, 29-7, 32-9 three-force, 41-7
echelon, 4-1 sea level, 78-7 two-force, 41-6, 41-12
element, 4-1 slip coefficient, 65-3 zero-force, 41-14 (fig)
entry, 4-1 speed, 73-3, 73-4, G-13 Membership interest, 88-3
equality of, 4-4 standard error of, 11-14 Membrane
identity, 4-1 stress, 43-9 cell, 27-2
inverse, 4-6 third moment about, 11-14 pumping, 27-3
multiplication, 4-4 time before failure, 11-9 (ftn) reinforced, 31-4
nonsingular, 4-5 time to failure, 11-9 semipermeable, 14-10
null, 4-1 velocity, open channel, 19-2 support, 40-10
order, 4-1 Meander corner, G-9 supported, 31-4
precedence, 86-10 Meandering stream, G-9 synthetic, 31-4
rank, 4-5 Measure unreinforced, 31-4
row, 4-1 bank-, 80-1 unsupported, 31-4
row equivalent, 4-2 compacted-, 80-1 Meniscus, 14-12
row-reduced echelon, 4-1 loose-, 80-1 Mensuration, 7-1, A-7
scalar, 4-1 Measurement area, A-3, A-5
simultaneous equations, 4-6 angle, 78-13 (fig) pile, 80-4
singular, 4-2, 4-5 areal, 1-8 three-dimensional, A-9
skew symmetric, 4-2 board foot, 1-8 two-dimensional, A-7
square, 4-2 crow’s foot, 81-3 volume, A-9
symmetric, 4-2 distance, 78-7, 78-8 MEP, 85-14
transformation, 5-3 elevation, 78-9, 78-10, 78-11 Mer, 26-8
triangular, 4-2 flow, 17-26, 26-3 Mercaptan compound, 27-9
type, 4-1 ground stake, 81-1 Mercury, density, 14-3 (tbl)
unit, 4-2 guard stake, 81-1 Merging taper, 73-32
variable, 4-6 horizontal stadia, 78-8 (fig) Meridian, 78-12, 78-20 (fig), G-9
zero, 4-2 hub stake, 81-1 assumed, 78-12
Matter inclined stadia, 78-8 (fig) grid, 78-12
INDEX - M
mineral, 24-3 offset stake, 81-3 magnetic, 78-12
volatile, 24-4 reference point stake, 81-1 true, 78-12
Maturation pond, 29-4 reliable, 85-2 Meromictic lake, G-9
Maturity date, 87-29 ton, 1-7 Mesa, G-9
Maxima point, 8-2 witness stake, 81-1 Mesh, steel, A-134
Maximum Mechanic’s lien, 88-5 Mesokurtic distribution, 11-14
achievable control technology, 34-2 Mechanical Mesophile, 27-6 (tbl)
capacity, traffic, 73-6 advantage, 15-16, 41-11 Mesophyllic bacteria, G-9
contaminant level, 25-6, 28-15 advantage, pulley block, 41-11 Metabolism, 27-9, G-9
dry density, 35-18 advantage, rope-operated Metacenter, 15-18
flame temperature, 24-15 (ftn) machine, 41-11 (tbl) Metacentric height, 15-18
flood, probable, 20-6 property, high-performance steel Metal, 22-2, 22-3
flow, 73-6 plate, 58-6 (tbl) active gas welding, 66-2
fluid velocity, 17-3 property, steel, 48-9 alkali, 22-3
freeway service flow rate, 73-8 (tbl) seal, 34-16 alkaline earth, 22-3
moment, 44-9, 50-9 (fig) similarity, 17-45 base, 66-1
moment condition, Mechanics concentration, 28-15
period, 73-20 engineering, 41-1 deck system, 57-4
plastic moment, 59-13 (tbl) material, 44-2 deck, filled, 57-4
point, 8-2 space, 72-21 deck, orthotropic, 57-4
precipitation, probable, 20-6 Mechanism, 41-20, 47-2 deck, partially filled, 57-4
prestress, 56-6 method, 59-8 deck, unfilled composite, 57-4
rainfall, probable, G-11 two-dimensional, 41-20 filler, 66-1
service flow rate, 73-5 Mechanistic heavy, 22-3, 28-14
shear envelope, 47-20 -empirical design, 77-11 heavy, in wastewater, 28-14
shear stress theory, 43-8 -empirical method, 76-16 inert gas welding, 66-2
slenderness ratio, steel tension method, 76-16 light, 22-3
member, 60-4 Media mechanical properties, A-116, A-117,
specific gravity, 76-9 factor, 29-11 A-118
specific growth rate, 30-7 packing, 34-20 total, in wastewater, 28-14
specific growth rate coefficient, 28-6 Median, 11-12, G-9 transition, 22-3 (ftn)
stress, with and without shoring, 64-2 barrier, heavy vehicle, 75-13 (fig) weld, 66-1
theoretical combustion lane, G-9 Metalimnion, G-9
temperature, 24-15 speed, 73-4 Metallic property, 22-2
total uniform load table, 59-8 Medium Metalloid, 22-2, 22-3
value, sinusoid, 84-4 cure, asphalt, 76-2 Metamorphic rock, 35-32, G-9
velocity in pipe, 17-3 screen, wastewater, 29-6 Metathesis, 22-7 (ftn)
velocity, open channel, 19-26 Megagram, 1-6 Meteoric water, G-9
water-cement ratio, 77-2 (tbl) Meinzer unit, 21-2 Meter
yield coefficient, 28-6 Member constant, 17-29
MCL, 25-6, 28-15 axial, 41-11 current, 17-27
MCLG, 25-6 axial, force, 41-12 density-on-the-run, 76-8
Mean, 11-12, 34-9 circular, 50-21 displacement, 17-26
annual air temperature, 76-16 force, 41-16 normal cubic, 24-2
obstruction, 17-26 numerical, polynomial, 3-4 Middle

orifice, 17-30 (fig) of consistent deformations, 44-19, 47-7 ordinate, 79-11
pressure, 14-2 (ftn) of coordinates, 78-16 strip, slab, 51-6
torque, 85-13 of discs, 9-6 Midspan deflections from
turbine, 17-27 of equivalent lengths, 17-12 prestressing, 56-5 (fig)
variable-area, 17-27 of joints, 41-14 Migration
venturi, 17-29, 17-30 (fig) of least squares, 11-16 leachate, 31-7
Metering pump, 18-3 of loss coefficients, 17-12 velocity, 34-9
Methane of sections, 41-15 Mil, 22-19, A-3, A-4
gas, 30-16 of shells, 9-6 Mile, nautical, 79-21
heating value, 30-17 of undetermined coefficients, 3-6, 10-4 Miles per gallon, 75-3, 75-4, 75-11
landfill, 31-6 oxidation number change, 22-8 Milk of lime, 26-15
properties, 31-6 (tbl) parallelogram, 5-3 Milliequivalent per liter, bar chart, 25-1
series, 24-1 peak searching, 75-17 Milligram
sludge, 30-16 polygon, 5-3 equivalent weight, 22-11
Methanol, 24-7 present worth, 87-15 per liter, 22-11, 22-24 (ftn)
Methemoglobinemia, 25-8 prism test, 67-4 Million, parts per, 22-11
Method (see also type) projection, 87-10 Mineral
60-degree, 40-2 pyramid, 76-14 aggregate, 76-3
!-, 38-3 radial displacement, 78-19 (fig) detrial, G-5
absolute volume, concrete, 77-2 rate of return, 87-17 filler, 76-3
accelerated depreciation, 87-22 rational, modified, 20-20 matter, 24-3
allowable stress design, 45-2, 50-2 rational, peak runoff, 20-14 Minima point, 8-2
angle measurement, 78-12 regula falsi, 12-2 (ftn) Minimum
annual cost, 87-15 S-curve, 20-13 attractive rate of return, 87-14, 87-16
annual return, 87-15, 87-16 secant, 12-2 (ftn) beam thickness, 50-17 (tbl)
area transformation, 44-19 simple ranking, 75-17 beam width, 50-8 (tbl)
average cost, 87-38 sinking fund, 87-22 column eccentricity, 69-3
average end area, 80-4 sliding window, 75-17 design speed, 73-4 (tbl)
base exchange, 26-17 solid volume, concrete, 77-2 fillet weld size, 66-3 (tbl)
benefit-cost ratio, 87-16 specific identification, 87-37 point, 8-2
beta-, 38-4 stadia, 78-8, G-13 radius curve, 79-8
bisection, 3-4, 12-1 station offset, 79-5 shear, 46-10
Bowditch, 78-15 storage indication, 20-21 splice length, 67-7
capital recovery, 87-15, 87-16 straight-line, 20-7, 87-21 thickness, asphalt, 76-24 (tbl)
capitalized cost, 87-15 strength design, 50-3 thickness, slab, 51-2 (tbl)
Casagrande, 35-25 sum-of-the-years’, 87-21 velocity, open channel, 19-2
chord offset, 79-6 superposition, 46-4 weld size, 66-9
INDEX - M
compatibility, 46-2 surface area, 76-6 Minipile, 38-6

consistent deformation, 46-2 surveying, 78-5 Minor
constant percentage, 87-21 tangent offset, 79-5 axis, 7-11, 59-2, 61-4
Crandall, 78-15 Thiessen, 20-2 axis buckling and bracing, 61-4 (fig)
crash estimation, HSM, 75-16 transfer unit, 34-22 entrance loss coefficient, 19-28 (tbl)
cut-and-sum, 41-15 ultimate strength design, 45-2 loss, 17-12, A-57
deflection angle, 79-4 unified, 50-3 of entry, 4-2
direct design, 51-5, 51-6 unit strength, 67-3 plant, 28-3
displacement, photogrammetry, 78-19 variable-slope, 20-8 Minus
double declining balance, 87-21 Winfrey, 87-16 (ftn) declination, 78-12
double meridian distance, 78-17 Methyl sight, 78-10
double-entry bookkeeping, 87-33 (ftn) alcohol, 24-7 Mirex, 32-12
dummy unit load, 46-7 orange alkalinity, 22-21 Miscellaneous formulas, angles, 6-4
elastic, 66-5, 66-8 Methylmercury, G-9 Misrepresentation, 88-6
equivalent axial compression, 62-2 Metolachlor, 32-12 Missing
equivalent beam, 51-5 Metric angle, traverse, 78-16
Espey, 20-12 system, 1-4 side, traverse, 78-16
European, distance measurement, 78-8 ton, 1-7 Mission time, 11-9
extraction, 76-9 Meyer Mitochondria, 27-2
false position, 12-2 (ftn) hardness, 43-13 Mix
first-in, first-out, 87-38 test, 43-13 asphalt, 76-3
fixed-base, 20-7 -Vickers test, 43-13 bituminous, 76-2
fixed percentage on diminishing Meyerhof bearing capacity dense-graded, 76-3
balance, 87-21 (ftn) factor, 36-3, 36-4 (tbl) design, Hveem method, 76-14
fixed percentage on diminishing mg/L, 22-11 design, Marshall method, 76-10
value, 87-21 (ftn) mho, 84-2 (ftn) design method, hot mix asphalt
Greenshields-Poisson, 73-17 Mica, 35-32 concrete, 76-10
Hardy Cross, 17-24 Microbe, 27-4 flow value, 76-11
Hveem mix design, 76-14 categorization, 27-4 open-graded, 76-3
instantaneous center of rotation, 65-5 characteristic, 27-7 (tbl) plant, 76-6, G-11
integration, 42-1, 42-4 growth, 28-6 road, G-12
isohyetal, 20-2 organism, 27-7 (tbl) six-sack, 49-2
lagging storm, 20-13 Micrometer, 32-8 (ftn) stability, 76-11
last-in, first-out, 87-38 Micron, 32-8 (ftn) tender, 76-5
least squares, 78-15 Micronized coal, 24-5 (ftn) Mixed
LFR, 74-3 Microorganism, 27-4, G-9 bed unit, naked, 22-24
loss, 24-17 Micropile (see also type), 38-6 -flow pump, 18-4 (ftn)
Marshall, 76-10 machine-drilled, 38-6 -flow reaction turbine, 18-23
Marshall test, 76-11 Microsilica, 48-2 liquor, 30-2
mechanistic-empirical, 76-16 Microstrain, 85-9 liquor suspended solids, 30-4
Newton’s, 12-2 Microstrainer, 26-3, 26-15 liquor volatile suspended solids, 30-4
nonsequential drought, 20-20 Microtunneling, 40-11 occupancy, 82-7
normal-ratio, 20-3 Microwave asphalt recycling, 76-28 triple product, 5-4, 5-5
numerical, 12-1 use, 82-7
I N D E X I-41
Mixer, 26-10 creep, plastics, 43-11 couple, 41-4

asphalt, 76-6 elastic, 43-2 coupling, 41-4
batch, 76-6 elasticity, shear, 43-8 cracking, 50-15, 56-10
center-entry, 76-6 fineness, 48-2 critical section, 55-4 (fig)
counterflow, 76-6 initial, 48-5 diagram, 44-8, 59-14
drum, 76-6 of elasticity, 43-2, 43-4, 44-2, 58-2 distributed load, 41-6
flash, 26-10 of elasticity, concrete, 48-5 (fig), 77-6 distribution, column strip, 51-7 (tbl)
paddle, 26-10 of elasticity, grout, 67-6 distribution, exterior span, 51-7 (tbl)
parallel-flow, 76-6 of elasticity, reduction at high tempera- distribution method, 47-2, 47-3, 47-13
quick, 26-10 ture, steel, 43-3 (tbl) distribution worksheet, A-133
rapid, 26-10 of elasticity, representative material at elastic fixed-end, A-126, A-127
Mixing room temperature, 43-2 (tbl) end, amplified, 53-5
complete, 26-10, G-4 of elasticity, secant concrete, 48-5 factored, slab beam, 51-6
concrete, 49-2, 49-5 of elasticity, steel, 17-39, 48-10 first area, 42-2
model, complete, 26-10 of resilience, 43-7 fixed-end, 46-7
model, plug flow, 26-10 of rigidity, 43-8 flexural, 44-8 (ftn)
opportunity parameter, 26-11 of rupture, 50-16, 77-6 footing, overturning, 36-9 (fig)
plug flow, 26-10 of rupture, concrete, 48-6 force about a line, 41-3 (fig)
problem, 10-8 of shear, 43-8 fourth standardized, 11-14
rate constant, 26-10 of subgrade reaction, 35-31, 76-20 free, 41-4, 41-9 (fig)
Reynolds number, 26-11 of subgrade reaction, Westergaard, 77-5 function, 44-14
velocity, 26-11 of toughness, 43-7 gradient multiplier, 59-4
water, concrete, 77-3, 77-4 plastic section, 59-8 hydrostatic, 15-11
water requirement, concrete, 77-3 (tbl) point bulk, 14-14 magnification, 53-1
Mixture, G-9 resilient, 76-20, G-12 magnifier, 53-5
air-entraining, 48-3 secant, 43-4 maximum, 44-9
asphalt, 76-4 secant, bulk, 14-14 maximum plastic, 59-13 (tbl)
concrete (see also type), 49-1 section, 42-7, 44-11, 59-3 modification factor, 59-4
concrete, typical, 48-1 shear, 43-8 (tbl), 44-2, 58-2 of a function, first, 9-6
gap-graded, 76-3 subgrade, 35-31 of a function, second, 9-6
proportioning, concrete, 77-2 tangent, 48-5 of area, first, 46-5
rule, 32-2 tangent, bulk, 14-14 of force about a point, 41-3
sweetening, 48-2 Young’s, 43-2, 44-2, 48-5 of inertia, 42-3, A-114
watery, 48-4 Young’s, concrete, 48-5 of inertia, area, 42-3, A-114
wet, 48-4 Mohlman index, G-10 of inertia, cracked, 50-15 (fig), 53-3
mks system, 1-4, 1-5 Mohr-Coulomb equation, 35-26 (ftn) of inertia, effective, 50-16
MLSS, 30-4 Mohr’s of inertia, gross, 50-16
MLVSS, 30-4 circle, 42-8, 44-7 of inertia, mass, 70-2
INDEX - M
ML"T system, 1-7 circle for stress, 44-7 (fig) of inertia, polar, 42-6
MMA concrete, 48-7 theory of rupture, 43-8 of inertia, principal, 42-8
Mobile batcher mixer, 49-5 Mohs of inertia, transformed, 50-15
Mode, 11-12 hardness scale, 43-13 (fig) of momentum, 72-3
alternate, 73-19 scale, 43-13 one-way, 44-8 (ftn)
brittle failure, 50-6 test, 43-13 overturning, dam, 15-12
ductile failure, 50-6 Moiety, 23-1 resisting, 44-8 (ftn)
free-flow, 19-14 Moist -resisting connection, 65-7
rapid static, 78-6 curing, 48-5 -resisting connection, framing, 65-8 (fig)
speed, 73-4 density, 35-7 righting, 15-18
submerged, 19-14 Moisture second area, 42-4
Model, 17-45 condition, antecedent, 20-17 (ftn) statical, 42-3, 44-10
Bingham-plastic, 17-12 content, 35-7 strength, nominal, 50-8
Calvert, venturi scrubber, 34-18 content, optimum, 35-18, 35-20 ultimate plastic, 59-12
code, 82-1 content, soil, 21-2 Momentum, 17-33, 72-2
distorted, 17-45 level, bed, 24-3 angular, 17-33, 72-3 (fig)
filter drag, 34-5 mol, 22-5 conservation, 72-2
live load, 74-3 Molality, 22-11 fluid, 17-33
M/M/1 single-server, 73-28 Molar flux, 17-14 (ftn)
M/M/s multi-server, 73-29 specific heat, 13-4 law of conservation, 72-2
power-law, 17-12 volume, 22-5 linear, 17-33, 72-2
queuing, 73-27 Molarity, 22-11 moment of, 72-3
scale, 17-45 Mole, 22-4, G-10 Money, time value, 87-5
Modeling fraction, 14-6, 22-11, 24-2 Monitor
pedestrian impact, 75-15 percent, 14-6 steel, 45-21
stormwater, 20-23 Molecular well, 21-4
vehicle accident, 75-13 formula, biomass, 27-11 Monitoring
watershed, 20-23 weight, 22-5, G-10 landfill, 31-9
Modification factor, crash, 75-16 Molecule, 22-2 project, 86-15
Modified hydrated, 22-5 well, 31-9
Accelerated Cost Recovery System, spacing, 14-2 Monod’s equation, 28-6
87-22 Mollier diagram, steam, A-87 Monofill sludge, 30-20
Angoff procedure, xxxi Mollusk, 27-8 Monomial, 3-3
Davis equation, 75-5 Moment, 41-2, 44-8 Monomictic, G-10
portland cement, 48-1 amplification factor, 53-5, 62-1 Monte Carlo simulation, 20-22, 87-42 (ftn)
Proctor test, 35-18 area method, 44-14 Montreal Protocol, 32-5
rational method, 20-20 arm, 41-3 Moody friction factor chart, 17-6, 17-7 (fig)
Modifier, asphalt, 76-5, 76-6 (tbl) available, table, 59-10 Mortality, infant, 11-9
Modular ratio, 44-20, 50-15, 56-3, 56-4, 57-3 available, versus unbraced Mortar, 67-5
Modulus, 3-7, 3-8 length, 59-3 (fig) face shell, 68-4
apparent, 43-11 bending, 44-8 (ftn), 44-11 full, 68-4
bulk, 14-14 capacity, 50-9 masonry, 68-3
bulk, water, 14-14 coefficient, 47-18 properties, 67-5
chord, masonry, 67-4 component, 41-3
Most reservoir, 17-22 Needle

economical shape, 58-6 -stage pump, 18-4 pile, 38-6
efficient cross section, 19-9 wythe, 68-14 valve, 16-12
likely value, 78-2 Multiplication Negative
probable number index (MPN), 27-9 matrix, 4-4 declaration, 32-3
Motion vector, 5-3 element, 85-7
about fixed point, 72-2 Multiplicity of rates of return, 87-12 (tbl) exponential distribution, 11-9
angular, 71-7 Multiplier skin friction, 38-6
circular, 71-7 asymmetric, 83-7, 83-8 temperature coefficient, 85-5
constrained, 72-11 (fig) bearing capacity factor, 36-4 (tbl) Negligence, 88-6
dependent, 71-12 coupling, 83-7, 83-8 comparative, 88-6
general, 72-2 distance, 83-7, 83-8 NEMA motor size, 18-10 (tbl), 84-12
general plane, 72-2 frequency, 83-7, 83-8 Nematode, 27-8
impending, 72-5 horizontal, 83-7, 83-8 Nephelometric turbidity unit, 25-8
impending phase, 72-6 moment gradient, 59-4 Nest, piezometer, G-11
laws of planetary, 72-20 vertical, 83-7, 83-8 Net
linear, 71-2 Municipal air-to-cloth ratio, 34-5
Newton’s first law of, 26-5, 72-4 solid waste, 31-1, 31-2, 31-10 allowable bearing pressure, 36-2
Newton’s second law of, 72-4 solid waste landfill, 31-2 area, 60-2, 60-3
Newton’s third law of, 72-5 wastewater, 28-2 area, critical, 60-3
plane, 71-12 water demand, 26-22 area, effective , 60-3
plane of, 72-2 Mushroom cap, 83-7 bearing capacity, 36-3
planetary, 72-20 (fig) Mussel, 27-8 filtering area, 34-5
projectile, 71-4 zebra, 27-8 filtering velocity, 34-5
relative, 71-10 flow, 20-7, 21-7
rigid body, 72-2 head, 18-6
rotational particle, 71-7 N heating value, 24-14
unconstrained, 72-11 (fig) income, 87-34
uniform, 71-3 N-value, 35-16, 36-7 inlet pressure required, 18-14 (ftn)
Motor, 84-12, 84-15, A-174 correlation, 35-17 line, 80-10
electrical, 84-12 NAAQS, 32-2 net filtering velocity, 34-5
gear, 18-11 Nadir, 78-19 positive inlet pressure, 18-2 (ftn)
induction, 84-14 Nailing, soil, 40-10 positive suction head available, 18-14
octane number, 24-6 Naked mixed bed unit, 22-24 positive suction head required, 18-14
polyphase, A-173 Name present value, 87-5 (ftn)
service factor, 18-10 IUC, 23-1 profit, 87-37
size, 18-10 IUPAC, 23-1 rain, 20-7 (ftn), 20-17, G-10
speed control, 84-15 Nameplate specific growth rate, 28-7
synchronous, 84-15 motor, 84-13 stack temperature, 24-14
Mountain survey, 78-5 rating, 18-10 strains, 85-11
Movable equipment cost, 86-5 Names and formulas, chemicals, A-88 tensile strain, 50-5 (fig)
Movement Nanofiltration, 26-22 Netting, draining, 31-3
critical, 73-15 Naphthalene series, 24-1 Network
in depth, 75-9 Napierian logarithm, 3-5 activity-on-arc, 86-12
nonweaving, 73-26 Nappe, 19-11 activity-on-branch, 86-12
weaving, 73-26 National activity-on-node, 86-11
Moving ambient air quality standards diagnosis, transportation, 75-17
average forecasting, 87-42 (NAAQS), 32-2 node, transportation, 75-15
load, 46-14 Board of Fire Underwriters pipe, 17-24
MSDS category, 83-4, 83-5 equation, 26-24 roadway, warrant, signalization, 73-19
Bridge Inspection Standards, 74-1 (ftn)
INDEX - N
chemical identity, 83-4, 83-5 screening, transportation, 75-17

control measure, 83-5, 83-6 Building Code, 58-5 (ftn) transportation, 75-2, 75-15
fire and explosion hazard Cooperative Highway Research Neutral
data, 83-4, 83-6 Program, 76-16, 76-22 axis, 44-11
hazardous ingredient/identity Council of Examiners for Engineering axis, plastic, 64-3
information, 83-4, 83-5 and Surveying, 90-1 equilibrium, 72-2
health hazard data, 83-5, 83-6 Electrical Code, 82-2, 84-8 plane, 44-11
manufacturer’s name, 83-4, 83-5 Fire Protection Association, 82-3 pressure, 21-9
physical/chemical primary drinking water solution, 22-12, 25-1
characteristic, 83-4, 83-6 standards, 25-5, A-96 stress, 35-14
reactivity data, 83-4, 83-6 Research Council, 29-10 stress coefficient, 21-9
safe handling and use Society of Professional Neutralization, 22-12, 34-23
precaution, 83-5, 83-6 Engineers, 89-1, 89-3 Neutralizing amine, 22-23
special precaution, 83-5, 83-6 Nationally Recognized Testing Neutron
MSW, 31-1 Laboratory, 82-3 gaging, 43-12
MTBF, 11-9 (ftn) Natural radiography, 43-12
MTON, 1-7 attenuation, landfill, 31-2 Newmark chart, 40-2
MTTF, 11-9 frequency, 9-7 Newton, 1-1, 1-5
Mud line, 39-2, G-10 gas, 24-8, 24-11 form, 12-3 (ftn)
Mulching, 80-11 gas, standard condition, 24-2 Newton’s
Multi logarithm, 3-5 first law of motion, 26-5, 72-4
-dial controller, 73-19 watercourse, 19-10 gravitational constant, 72-20 (tbl)
-layer filter, 26-13 Nautical mile, 79-21 interpolating polynomial, 12-3
-media filter, 26-13 Navigation sub-task, 75-8 law of cooling, 10-10
Multilane highway, 73-10 NBIS, 74-1 (ftn) law of gravitation, 72-20
Multiloop pipe system, 17-24 NCHRP, 76-16, 76-22 law of universal gravitation, 72-20
Multiplate, 16-11 NDT, 82-4 law of viscosity, 14-6, 14-7
Multiple Neat line, 80-10 method, 12-2
hypergeometric distribution, 11-5 NEC, 82-2, 84-8 notation, 8-1
pipe containment, 34-16 continuous operation, 84-8 second law of motion, 72-4
Necking down, 43-5 third law of motion, 72-5
Needed fire flow, 26-23 universal constant, 72-20
ISO, 26-23
I N D E X I-43
Newtonian Noncritical activity, 86-11 Nozzle

fluid, 14-2, 14-7 Nondestructive ASME long radius, 17-32 (ftn)
inertial frame of reference, 71-10 evaluation, 43-12, 82-4 coefficient, 18-22
non-, viscosity, 17-12 inspection, 82-4 converging-diverging, 17-29
NFPA, 82-2, 82-3 test, 43-14, 82-4 flow, 17-32
252, 82-4 testing, 43-11, 43-12, 82-4 ISA, 17-32 (ftn)
257, 82-4 Nonhomogeneous loss, turbine, 18-22
5000, 82-1 differential equation, 10-1, 10-3 NPDES, 29-1, 32-14, G-10
Nickel, A-116, A-117, A-118 linear equation, 3-7 NPSE, 89-1
Nikuradse equation, 17-5 Nonlinear NPSHA, 18-14
NIMBY syndrome, 31-5 equation, 10-1 NPSHR hydrocarbon, 18-21
NIOSH lifting equation, 83-7 interpolation, 12-2, 12-3 NRC equation, 29-10
Nitrate regression curves, 11-17 NRCS, 20-3, 20-11
in wastewater, 28-14 second-order analysis, 53-1 curve number, 20-16
in water, 25-8 Nonliquid asset, 87-35 dimensionless unit hydrograph, 20-11
nitrogen, 27-6 Nonlubricated condition, 72-6 graphical method, 20-17
Nitric oxide, 32-9 Nonmerging taper, 73-32 lag equation, 20-4
Nitrification, 28-9 Nonmetal, 22-2, 22-3 peak discharge, 20-17
/denitrification process, 29-12 Nonparametric equation, 3-3 synthetic unit hydrograph, 20-11, 20-12
Nitrile, 23-1 (tbl), 23-2 (tbl) Nonpathogenic, G-10 NRTL, 82-3
Nitro, 23-1 (tbl) Nonphotosynthetic bacteria, 27-6 NTU, 25-8, G-10
Nitrogen Nonplastic soil, 35-22 Nuclear
dioxide, 32-9 Nonpoint source, G-10 gauge, 35-21, 76-9
fixation, G-10 Nonpotable water, 27-4 moisture/density gauge, 35-21
in wastewater, 28-14 Nonquantifiable factor, 87-2 sensing, 43-12
ion, in water, 25-8 Nonquantitative factor, 87-2 Nucleon, 22-2
Kjeldahl, 28-14 Nonrectangular channel, 19-18 Nuisance flood, 20-6
organic, 25-8, 28-14 Nonreverse-flow check valve, 16-12 Null
oxide, 32-9 Nonsequential drought method, 20-20 event, 11-3
-oxygen ratio, 24-8 Nonsingular matrix, 4-5 hypothesis, 11-15, 75-12
total, 25-8, 28-14 Nonstriping sight distance, G-10 -indicating bridge, 85-9 (ftn)
Nitrogenous demand, 28-9, G-10 Nonuniform flow, 19-2, 19-15 indicator, 85-9
Nitrous oxide, 32-9 (ftn) Nonvibration concrete, 48-7 matrix, 4-1
No-boiler incinerator, 31-10 Nonvolatile solids, 30-4 point, 34-10
Noble gas, 22-3 Nonweaving movement, 73-26 position, 85-4
Node, 7-2, 86-10, G-10 Nonwoven fabric, 40-10 region, 7-3
dummy, 86-13 Normal set, 11-1
transportation network, 75-15 component, 71-9 Number
Noise component, acceleration, 71-8 atomic, 22-2, A-83, G-2
action level, OSHA, 83-8 cubic meter, 24-2 Avogadro’s, 22-5
dose, 83-8 curve, area under standard, A-12 Brinell hardness, 43-13
dose, permissible, 83-8 (fig) depth, 19-6, G-10 cavitation, 18-16
exposure level, 83-8 (tbl) depth, rectangular channel, 19-6 cetane, 24-7
level limit, 83-8 distribution, 11-6 charge, 22-4
OSHA, 83-8 force, 72-4 (ftn), 72-6, 75-5 complex, 3-1, 3-7
reduction ratio, 83-8 force, on a dam, 15-12 curve, NRCS, 20-16
Nomenclature form, 7-5 curve, SCS, 20-16
photogrammetry, 78-18 (fig) hydrogen, 22-2 dimensionless, 1-9 (tbl)
steel, 58-1 line vector, 8-6 direction, 7-5
Nominal portland cement, 48-1 Eötvös, 1-9 (tbl), 17-45
concrete shear strength, 50-21 -ratio method, 20-3 Froude, 17-47, 19-18
INDEX - N
damages, 88-7 slope, 19-3 imaginary, 3-1
dimension, pipe, 16-10 speed, 72-8 irrational, 3-1
interaction diagram, 52-6 stress, 44-2 Mach, 14-15
interest rate, 87-28 temperature and pressure, 24-3 motor octane, 24-6
moment strength, 50-8 vector, 7-6 octane, 24-6
resistance, 74-4 view, 2-1 odor, G-10
shear strength, 50-21 Normality, 22-11 odor threshold, 26-15
shear strength, beam, 59-5 Normalized eccentricity, 52-3 of passes, effective, 29-10
strength, 45-2, 50-5 Normally consolidated, 35-24 of transfer units, 34-19
system voltage, 84-5 (ftn) clay, 40-3 oxidation, 22-3 (tbl), 22-4, G-10
value, 50-4 curve, 40-4 performance, 24-6
Nomograph, Hazen-Williams, A-57 soil, 40-4, G-10 period, 87-9
Non Normalweight concrete, 48-4, 48-6, 48-7 random, A-82
-Newtonian fluid, 14-2 North American Industry Classification rational, 3-1
-Newtonian viscosity, 17-12 System, 83-2 (ftn) real, 3-1
-SI units, 1-7 Norwalk virus, 27-6 research octane, 24-6
Nonattainment area, 32-2 Notation, Newton’s, 8-1 Reynolds, 16-7
Nonbearing wall, 54-1 Notch Reynolds, similarity, 17-46
Noncarbonate -brittle material, 43-6 (ftn) smoke spot, 24-12, 32-15
hardness, 22-21, 25-3, 25-4 factor, fatigue, 43-10 stability, 39-2, 40-7
hardness removal, 26-15 sensitivity, 43-10 structural, 76-17
Noncatalytic reduction, selective, 34-19 stress concentration, 44-5 threshold odor, 26-15
Noncircular duct, 17-9 toughness, 43-14, 43-15 type, 3-1
Nonclog pump, 18-5 NOx, 32-9 viscosity blending, 14-16
Noncohesive soil, 37-2 burner, low, 34-15 Weber, 17-47 (ftn)
Noncompact section, 61-6 burner, ultra-low, 34-15 Weber, similarity, 17-47 (tbl)
Noncomposite control, 24-5 Numbering system, 3-1
action, 68-14 fuel, 32-9 Numerical
load, 57-3 fuel-bound, 32-9 analysis, 12-1
Nonconcentric tension connection, 66-5 prompt-, 32-9
Noncriteria pollutant, 32-2
event, 11-4 One Organelle, 27-1

method, 12-1 -sided major weave, 73-26 Organic
method, polynomial, 3-4 -sided ramp weave, 73-26 acid, 23-2 (tbl)
Nusselt number, 1-9 (tbl) -sided weaving chemical, volatile, G-15
Nut segment, 73-26, 73-27 (fig) chemistry, 23-1
coal, 24-4 -tail confidence limit, 11-15 chlorinated, 32-12
factor, 45-13 -third load increase, 68-3 color, in water, 25-8
material, 58-4 -third rule, 78-17 compound, 23-1
-way drainage, 40-5 compound family, 23-1
-way moment, 44-8 (ftn) compound, synthesis route, 23-3
O -way shear, 44-8 (ftn), 55-3 compound, volatile, 28-14, 32-16
-way slab, 51-2 family, 23-2, 23-3
O’Connor and Dobbins formula, 28-7 -way, slab, 51-2 (fig) functional group, 23-1, 23-3
Object height, 78-19 percent flood, 20-6, 20-7 loading, 28-3, 29-10
Objective safety, 75-2 Ontario barrier, 75-13 (fig) matter, 35-4
Objectively scored problem, 90-3 Opacity smoke, 32-15 nitrogen, 25-8, 28-14
Obligate Open polymer, 26-8
aerobe, 27-6 area, well screen, 21-4 precursor, 25-9, 25-10
anaerobe, 27-6 channel, 19-2 refractory, 28-6
Oblique channel flow, 16-5 sedimentary rock, 35-32
axis, 2-2 channel, conveyance solid, dissolved, 29-3
impact, 72-18 factor, A-77, A-78, A-79, A-80 sulfur, 24-3
perspective, 2-3 channel, flow, type, 19-2 trace, 29-3
triangle, 6-5 channel, hydraulic parameter, 19-3 Organism
triangle equations, A-172 circuit, electrical, 84-2 indicator, 27-8
view, 2-2 -cut method, 40-11 microbe, 27-7 (tbl)
Observation well, G-10 -graded aggregate, 76-3 Organismal growth, 27-3
Observed yield, 30-8 -graded friction course, 76-3 Organochlorine pesticide, 32-12
Obsidian, 35-32 -graded mix, 76-3 Organophosphate, 32-12
Obstruction meter, 17-26 grid floor, 57-4 Organotroph, 27-4
Obtuse angle, 6-1 -loop recovery system, 34-4 Orientation, angular, 5-1
Occupancy manometer, 15-3 Orifice, 17-16
category, 82-6 traverse, 78-13 coefficients, 17-17 (tbl)
class, 82-6 Opening, sieve, 35-2 double, air valve, 16-14
combustible factor, 26-23 Operating large, 17-18
group, 82-6, 82-7 (tbl) and maintenance cost, 87-32 meter, 17-30 (fig)
mixed, 82-7 cost, 86-9 plate, 17-30
ratio, lane, G-9 expense, 87-32 Orsat apparatus, 24-12
Occupational load, 74-3 Orthogonal, 7-2
illness, 83-2 point, extreme, 18-18 vector, 5-3
injury, 83-2 point, pump, 18-17 view, 2-1
Safety and Health Administration, 83-1 rating level, bridge, 74-3 Orthographic
Occurrence, frequency of, 20-5 speed, 73-3 oblique view, 2-3
Ocean, dumping, sludge, 30-20 supply, 87-33 view, 2-1, 2-2
Octagon, properties, A-7, A-8 Operation Orthophosphate, 25-7
Octane number, 24-6 alternate mode, 73-19 Orthotrophic, G-10
Odd symmetry, 7-4, 9-7 (tbl) complex number, 3-8 Orthotropic, 57-4 (ftn)
Odor, 32-11 double-alternate mode, 73-19 bridge deck, G-10
control, 29-3 inverse trigonometric, 6-4 material, G-10
in water, 26-15 steady-state, 11-9 steel deck, 57-4
number, G-10 Operational form, log, 3-5 OSHA, 35-33, 83-1
number, threshold, 26-15 Operations, balancing, 70-2 1910, general industry, 83-1 (tbl)
sewage, 29-3 Operator’s cab, 83-10 1926, construction industry, 83-2 (tbl)
Oedometer test, 35-24, 40-5 Opportunity cost, 87-18 action level, 83-8
Off-gas, 34-21 Opposite side, angle, 6-2 Form 300, 83-2 (ftn)
Offer, 88-3 Optical injury incidence rate, 83-2
Official benchmark, 78-7 density, 32-15 noise limit, 83-8
Offset, 73-19, 75-13 holography, 43-13 recordable incident, 83-2
chord, 79-5 (fig) plummet, 78-9 scaffold regulation, 83-9
chord, method, 79-6 Optimum severity rate, 83-2
horizontal sightline, 79-11 asphalt content, 76-11 Osmosis, 14-10, G-10
parallel, 43-3 density, 73-6 reverse, 26-22
stake, 81-1, 81-3
INDEX - O
moisture content, 35-20 Osmotic pressure, 14-10

stake, measurement, 81-3 speed, 73-6 apparatus, 14-10
station, 79-5 water content, 35-18 Othmer correlation, 14-11
tangent, 79-5 (fig) Orbit Outcrop, G-10
tangent, spiral, 79-18 eccentricity, 72-21 (tbl) Outfall, G-10
Offshoring, 89-4 geostationary, 72-20 Outlet control, 19-27
Ogee, 19-13 law of, 72-20 Outrigger, 83-9, 83-10
spillway, 19-13 (ftn) Order, G-10 Over-reinforced beam, 50-6
Ohm’s law, 84-3, 84-6 change, 86-16 Overall
Oil conscious, 11-2 coefficient of heat transfer, 30-17
Bunker C, 24-6 differential equation, 10-1 efficiency, pump, 18-9
distillate, 24-6 first, survey accuracy, 78-4 stability constant, 22-15
fuel, 24-6 matrix, 4-1 Overallocation, 86-10
residual fuel, 24-6 of accuracy, 78-4 Overautogenous waste, 34-11 (ftn)
spill, 32-11 of the reaction, 22-13 Overburden, 36-3
Oily condition, 72-6 stream, G-13 correction, 36-8
Olefin series, 24-1 survey accuracy, 78-4 stress, 35-15
Oligotrophic, G-10 Ordinance, zoning, 82-2 Overchute, G-10
On cost, 86-9 Ordinate, 7-2 Overconsolidated
On-demand timing, 73-20 middle, 79-11 clay, 40-3, 40-4 (fig)
Once-through cooling water, 32-6
I N D E X I-45
curve, 40-4 depletion, 32-5 mixing opportunity, 26-11

segment, 40-4 pollutant, 32-11 scale, 11-8
soil, 35-24, 40-4 sludge, 30-4
Overconsolidation ratio, 35-25 speed, 73-3
Overcurrent protection device, 84-8 P value, log-normal distribution, 11-8
Overdraft, 21-6 volume, traffic, 73-4
Overdrive gear, 75-3 p Parameters
-chart, 11-16 consolidation, 40-5 (fig)
Overflow -sequence, 3-11
rate, 26-6, 29-7 variation of, 10-4
-series, 3-12 Parametric
spillway, 19-13 -V work, 13-3, 13-4
Overhaul, 80-8, G-10 equation, 3-2
P equation, derivative, 8-3
Overhead, 87-36
cost, 86-6 -delta analysis, 47-16 equation, plane, 7-6
general, 86-6 -delta effect, 53-1, 62-1 Parasite, aquatic, 27-8
general plant, 87-33 -system, 47-3 Parclos, 73-25
project, 86-6 PAC, 29-13 Parking, 73-21
Pace, 73-4 accessible (disabled), 73-23
variance, 87-36 group, 73-4
Overhung load, 18-11 ADA accessible, 73-23
interval, 73-4 angle, 73-22
Overland flow, 20-7 (ftn), G-10 range, 73-4
velocity, 20-4 diagonal, 73-22
Packed double-alternate, 73-22
Overlay thin, 77-13
Overload bed spray tower, 34-3 (fig) lot, 73-22
driver, 75-9 tower, 34-3, 34-20 lot, dimensions, 73-23
factor, 45-2 Packing lot, layout, 73-23 (fig)
point, 18-16 height of, 34-22 parallel, 73-22
media, 34-20 stall, 73-22
Oversail, 83-9 (ftn), 83-10 (ftn)
INDEX - P
media, type, 34-21 (fig) tandem, 73-22
Oversized hole, 65-1 Pad, 36-9
Overturn, G-10 Parkway, G-10
Paddle Parshall flume, 19-14
Overturning mixer, 26-10
factor of safety, 15-12 K-values, 19-14 (tbl)
moment, dam, 15-12 velocity, relative, 26-11 Part of line, 83-10
moment, footing, 36-9 (fig) Paint pipe, 16-11 Partial
Owner, 88-4 Pan, G-10 cloverleaf interchange, 73-25
Owners’ equity, 87-33 coefficient, 20-22 composite action, 64-3
evaporation, 20-22 differentiation, 8-4
Ownership, 88-1 Panel, 41-12
Oxidant, 26-9, 32-11 emission, forced vortex pump, 18-13 (ftn)
drop, 51-5 fraction, 3-6, 9-3
total residual, 29-13 shear, 46-12
Oxidation, 22-7, 23-2, G-10 -penetration groove weld, 66-2, 66-9
truss, 41-12 pressure, 31-6
-reduction reaction, 22-7
advanced, 34-4 Panhandle formula, 17-10 pressure fraction, 24-2
ditch, 30-3 Pappus pressure ratio, 24-2
industrial wastewater -Guldinus theorems, 42-3 prestressing, 56-3
pollutant, 34-17 (tbl) Pappus’ theorem, 9-5 similarity, 17-47
Parabola, 7-10 (fig) traverse, 78-16 (fig)
number, 22-3, 22-4, G-10 formula, A-7
number change method, 22-8 treatment, G-10
Parabolic Partially
pond, 29-4 axis, 7-10
power, common oxidant, 34-5 (tbl) compensated foundation, 36-10
cable, 41-17 (fig) filled circular pipes, A-30, A-75
process, advanced, 26-21
state, 22-3 column formula, 45-4 filled metal deck, 57-4
tower, 29-9 curve, 79-5, 79-12 grouted masonry, 68-6
Oxide flare, 79-5 incinerated compound, 34-14
nitrogen, 32-9 taper, 79-5 restrained connection, 65-7
Paraboloid of revolution, A-9 Particle
sulfur, 32-15 Paradox
Oxidizing agent, 22-7 capture, 32-7
D’Alembert’s, 17-2 (ftn) conditioning, 34-9
Oxyacid, 22-4 hydrostatic, 15-4
Oxygen exposure time, 34-8, 34-9
Paraffin series, 24-1 residence time, 34-8, 34-9
-enriched incineration, 34-14
deficit, 28-7 Parallax resistivity, 34-9
deficit, critical, 28-11 absolute, 78-20 size distribution, 35-2
demand, 30-9 differential, 78-20 size distribution chart, 35-3
demand, biochemical, 27-9, 28-8, G-3 height measurement, 78-20 (fig) Particles, 71-1
Parallel Particular solution, 10-3, 10-4 (tbl)
demand, chemical, 28-12 axis theorem, 42-4, 70-2
dissolved, 28-7 Particulate
circuit, electrical, 84-4 matter, 32-12
in water, dissolved, A-87 -flow mixer, 76-6
point, 85-6 (ftn) phosphorus, 25-7
force system, 41-6 Partition coefficient, 27-2, G-10
sag (Streeter-Phelps), 28-10
sag curve, 28-11 (fig) line, 7-8 Partner
sag curve, dissolved, 28-10 offset, 43-3 general, 88-1
saturation coefficient, 30-9 parking, 73-22 limited, 88-2
scavenging, 22-23 perspective, 2-3 Partnering, 86-1
pipe, 17-21 Partnership, 88-1
transfer, rate of, 30-9 pump, 18-18
Oxygenate, 24-7 limited, 88-2
reliability, 11-9 limited liability, 88-2
common type, 24-7 (tbl) spring, 45-20, 45-21
Oxygenated Parts
system, 11-9 integration by, 9-2
fuel, 32-5
gasoline, 24-6, 24-7 Parallelogram per billion, 22-11
Oxygenation, 28-10 formula, A-7, A-8 per million, 22-11, 22-24 (ftn)
rate constant, 28-9 method, 5-3 Pascal’s
Ozonation, 26-21, 34-17 Parameter law, 15-4
catenary, 41-19 triangle, 3-3
Ozone, 26-21 impaction, 34-19
atmospheric, 32-5 location, 11-8
method, 86-6
Passenger crash factor, 75-10 maximum, 73-20

car equivalent, 73-7 (tbl) density, 73-21 number, 87-9
car equivalent, flow rate, 15 min, 73-10 impact, 75-15 of waveform, 9-7
Passes, number of, effective, 29-10 impact modeling, 75-15 pay-back, 87-38, 87-39 (ftn)
Passing sight distance, 75-6, 79-10, G-11 LOS, walkway, sidewalk, 73-21 (tbl) performance, 76-19
Passive space, 73-21 rehabilitation, 76-20
collection, gas, 31-6 speed, 73-21 retention, 29-7
diffusion, 27-2 unit flow rate, 73-21 vehicle, 73-20
earth pressure, 37-2, 37-4 volume warrant, signalization, 73-18 Periodic
earth pressure coefficient, 37-4 Pedology, G-11 chart, A-84
pressure, G-11 PEL, 83-8 inventory system, 87-37
Path critical, 86-9 Peltier effect, 85-7 (ftn) law, 22-2
Pathogen, 27-4 Pelton wheel, 18-21 table, 22-2, A-83, A-84
Pathogenic, G-11 Pendulum, 72-3 time, 72-20
Pathway, G-11 ballistic, 72-3 (fig) waveform, 9-7
Pattern, bond, 67-3 Penetrating Peripheral
Pavement, 76-3 sealer, 77-12 visibility, relative, 75-10 (fig)
asphalt concrete, 76-2 well, 80-11 vision, 75-9
asphalt, recycled, 76-3 Penetration, 34-9, 34-19 Permanent
deep strength asphalt, 76-2 grading, 76-2 hardness, 22-21, 25-4, G-11
defect, 76-5 resistance, 35-16 set, 43-3, 48-9
design, methodology, 77-7 test, standard, 35-16, 36-7 Permeability, 21-2
design, rigid, 77-5 test, thumb, 83-3 coefficient of, 21-2
drainage, 77-6 treatment, G-11 exposure category P, concrete, 48-10
dual-layer, 77-13 Penetrometer intrinsic, 21-2
INDEX - P
flexible, 76-10, 76-29, G-6 pocket, test, 83-3 protection limit, 21-5
flexible, AASHTO test, cone, 35-18 soil, 35-23
nomograph, 76-23 (fig) Penstock, 18-24 specific, 21-2
full-depth asphalt, 76-2, 76-25 Pentagon, properties, A-7, A-8 test, 35-23
grade, 79-17, 79-18 Per Permeameter, 35-23
grooving, 77-12 capita, daily demand, 26-22, 26-23 Permease, 27-3
joint, 77-11 diem fee, 88-5 Permissible
joint, concrete, 77-11 (fig) Percent exposure limit, 83-4, 83-5, 83-6, 83-8
minimum thickness, 76-22, 76-25 elongation, 43-6 noise dose, 83-8 (tbl)
PCC, tie bar spacing, 77-10 (fig) elongation at failure, 43-6 Permit
portland cement concrete, 77-1 mole, 14-6 load, 74-3
problem, 76-5 of free-flow speed, 73-12 rating level, bridge, 74-3
recycled, 76-28 pore space, 35-8 Permittivity
recycled asphalt, 76-6 sodium content, 25-11 of free space, 34-9
recycling, PCC, 77-12 time spent following, 73-12 relative, 34-9
rigid, 77-1, G-12 VMA, 76-9 Permutation, 11-2
rigid, AASHTO nomograph, 77-8 (fig) Percentage circular, 5-5
structural design, flexible, 76-15 composition, 22-6 ring, 11-2
structural number, 76-22 of construction cost, fee, 88-5 Perpendicular
Paving yield, 22-9 axis theorem, 42-6
equipment, placement, 76-7 Percentile, 11-12 line, 2-1, 7-8
machine, 76-7 rank, 11-12 line principle, 2-1
temperature, 76-7 speed, 73-3 Perpetual
Pay Perception-reaction time, 79-10 inventory system, 87-37
as you throw, G-11 Perceptual cue, 75-9 series, 87-7
-back period, 87-38, 87-39 (ftn) Perched spring, G-11 Persistence, 27-10
Payment, balloon, 87-42 Percolation, G-11 pesticide, 32-12
PCB, 32-12 field, 29-2 Person
PCC, 48-1 Perfect reaction, 22-8 competent, OSHA, 83-4
pavement, tie bar spacing, 77-10 (fig) Perfecting a lien, 88-5 instrument, 81-4
PD pump, 18-2 Perforated cover plate, 61-2 qualified, OSHA, 83-10
PDO accident, 75-11 Performance -rem, G-11
Pea coal screening, 24-4 curve, pump, 18-16 rod, 81-4
Peak function, 11-9 Personal
demand multiplier, 84-7 function, safety, 75-16 property, 87-20 (ftn)
-discharge compartment, 32-14 graded asphalt, 76-15 protective equipment, 83-7
discharge, NRCS method, 20-17 grading, 76-3 Perspective
discharge, SCS method, 20-17 number, 24-6 angular, 2-3
flame temperature, 32-10 period, 76-19 oblique, 2-3
flow direction, 73-5 Perigee, 72-21 parallel, 2-3
hour factor, 73-5 distance, 72-21 view, 2-1, 2-3
hour warrant, signalization, 73-18 Perihelion, 72-21 Pesticide (see also Volatile organic
pedestrian flow rate, 73-21 Perimeter, wetted, 16-5, G-15 compound), 32-12
runoff, 20-11 Period (see also type), 76-19, 87-2 chlorinated, 32-12
runoff, rational method, 20-14 aeration, 30-8 P-waste, 32-2
searching method, 75-17 all-red clearance, 73-21 PFFS (percent of free-flow speed), 73-12
time to, 20-11 amber, 73-21 PFR, 30-6
Peaking factor, 28-2 chemical, 22-2 pH, 22-12, G-11
wastewater, 28-2 cost-recovery, 87-39 (ftn) Phantom cash flow, 87-4 (ftn)
Harmon’s, 28-2 depreciation, 87-20 Phase, 84-10
Pearson’s design, 76-19 angle, 84-4, 84-6
kurtosis, 11-14 detention, 26-6 current, 84-11
skewness, 11-14 effective, 87-2 death, 27-4
Pedestal, 52-1 (ftn) electrical, 84-4 declining growth, 27-4
Pedestrian, 73-21 green, 73-21 equilibrium, 72-6
capacity, 73-21 initial, 73-20 exponential growth, 27-4
circulation area, 73-18 law of, 72-20 factor, 84-7
I N D E X I-47
growth, organismal, 27-3 safe bearing value, 38-2 system, multiloop, 17-24
lag, 27-3 safe load, 38-2 truss, 16-10, 28-4
logarithmic growth, 27-4 settlement, 38-5 ultimate strength, 40-9
motion impending, 72-6 shape, 80-4 (fig) water (see also type), 26-25
signal, 73-14, 73-15 small-diameter grouted, 38-6 Pipelines, submerged, 15-18
stationary, 27-4 soldier, 39-1, G-13 Piping
Phases, project scheduling, 86-8 tension, 38-5 geometry factor, 17-14
Phasor form, 3-8, 84-5 volume, 80-4 predicting limit, 21-5
vector, 5-2 wedge, 80-4 (fig) symbols, A-46
Phenol, 23-3 (tbl) Piling sheet, 39-4 Piston, rotary pump, 18-3 (fig)
Phenolphthalein alkalinity, 22-21 section modulus, 39-4 Pit
Philadelphia rod, 78-10 Pilot vehicle, 74-3 ash, 24-3
Phosphorus Pin-connected borrow, 80-5
ion, in water, 25-7 axial member, 41-12 sheeted, G-13
removal, in wastewater, 29-3, 29-12 plate, 60-7 Pitch, 18-4, 72-2
Photoautotroph, 27-7 pile, 38-6 circular blade, 18-4
Photobase, 78-20 Pinned support, 41-7 helix, 7-12
Photocell, 85-4 Pintle tie, 68-16 spacing, 60-2
Photochemical Pipe Pitot
reaction, 32-11 asbestos-cement, 28-4 -static gauge, 17-28 (fig)
smog, 32-14 bend, 17-36 (fig) tube, 16-4
Photoconductive device, 85-4 (ftn) bend, force on, 17-36 tube traverse, G-11
Photoelectric effect, 85-4 black, 16-10 tube-piezometer apparatus, 16-4 (fig)
Photoemissive device, 85-4 (ftn) branch, 17-21 Pitting, 22-19
Photogenerative, 85-4 (ftn) buried, loads on, 40-8 Pivot point, bulkhead, 39-4
Photogrammetric cast-iron, 28-3, A-44 PJP weld, 66-2, 66-9
INDEX - P
image, 78-18 (fig) cast-iron dimensions, A-44 Placement, paving equipment, 76-7
survey, 78-5 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Placing, concrete, 49-5
Photogrammetry, 78-18 (CPVC), A-38 Plain
displacement method, 78-19 circular, A-30 jointed concrete pavement, 77-2
nomenclature, 78-18 (fig) class, 16-10 masonry, 68-1
parallax measurement, 78-20 clay, 28-4 sedimentation, 26-5
Photosensitive conductor, 85-5 coating, 16-11 sedimentation basin, 29-7
Photosensor, 85-4 coefficient, 16-8 Plaintiff, 88-6
Photosynthesis, 27-2 concrete, 28-3, A-42, A-43 Plan view, 2-2
Phototroph, 27-4 concrete sewer, dimensions, A-42, A-43 Planar view, 2-2
Photovoltaic, 85-4 (ftn) CPVC, dimensions, A-38 Plane, 7-6
cell, 85-4 culvert, 17-19 (fig) angle, 6-1
Phreatic zone, 21-1, G-11 dimensions, ductile iron, A-45 beam bending, 59-2 (fig)
Phreatophytes, G-11 ductile, dimensions, A-44 complex, 3-7
Physical ductile iron, A-44 motion, 71-12
inventory, 87-37 eductor, 21-4 neutral, 44-11
strain, 43-5 entrance, 17-13 of bending, 59-2
stress, 43-5 exit, 17-13 of motion, 72-2
Phytoplankton, G-11 factor, 16-8 survey, 78-5
Pi-group, 1-10 flexible, 40-9 surveying, 78-1
Pick and carry, crane, 83-11 friction, 17-14 table survey, 78-5
Pickup, 85-3 (ftn), 85-4 Hazen-Williams constant, A-50 tangent, 8-5
Pictorial drawing, 2-2 (ftn) impact factor, 40-9 Planetary motion, 72-20 (fig)
Pier, 38-6, 44-12, 45-2 jacking, 40-11 Planimeter, 2-4, G-11
shaft, G-11 leg, 17-21 Planing, cold, 76-28
tension, 44-12 (fig) lined concrete, 16-10 Plant
Piercing the corporate veil, 88-3 loop, 17-21 asphalt, 76-6
PIEV time, 75-6 material, 16-9 hydroelectric generating, 18-23, 18-24
Piezoelectric maximum velocity in, 17-3 material recovery, 31-10, 31-11
effect, 15-2, 85-4 network, 17-24 mix, 76-6, G-11
transducer, 85-4 parallel, 17-21 mix, hot, 76-10
Piezometer, G-11 plastic, 28-4 resource-recovery, 31-10
nest, G-11 polyvinyl chloride (PVC), A-38, A-39, waste-to-energy, 31-10 (fig)
ring, 15-2 (ftn) A-40, A-41 waste-to-steam, 31-10
tube, 15-2 polyvinylchloride (PVC), 16-10 Plasma
Piezometric prestressed concrete, 16-10 incineration, 34-14
height, 21-2 prestressed concrete cylinder, 16-10 incinerator, 34-14
level, G-11 PVC, dimensions, A-38, A-39, Plastic, 32-12
Pilaster, 69-1 A-40, A-41 analysis, 47-2, 47-16
Pile (see also type), 38-1, 80-4 reinforced concrete, 16-10 behavior, 44-2 (ftn)
batter, G-2 riser, 21-4 biodegradable, 32-13
bearing capacity, ultimate, 38-1 sag, G-12 centroid, 52-5
bent, G-11 section, 61-1 compostable, 32-13
capacity, tensile, 38-4, 38-5 series, 17-20 degradable, 32-13
composite, 38-1 specific roughness, A-50 design, 59-8, 59-11
conical, 80-4 (fig) specification, 16-10 design method, 45-2
friction, 38-1 standard, 16-10 hinge, 44-19, 47-2, 47-17
group, 38-5 standard pressure classes, A-44 impact, 72-17
group efficiency, 38-5 standard pressure classes, ductile instability, pavement, 76-5
grouted, 38-6 iron, A-45 limit, 35-21
length, effective, 38-3 steel, 16-11, A-31, A-32, A-33, A-34, material, 14-7
needle, 38-6 A-35, A-36, A-37 moment, 59-12, 59-13 (tbl), 59-14
pin, 38-6 steel, dimensions, A-31, A-32, A-33, neutral axis, 64-3
point-bearing, 38-1 A-34,A-35, A-36, A-37 pipe, 16-9, 28-4
resistance, 38-2 steel, modulus of elasticity, 17-39 region, 48-9
root, 38-6 stiffness, 16-11 section modulus, 59-11
section modulus, plate girder, 63-2 inflection, 8-2, 44-17 frequency, 11-10
strain, 43-3 load surcharge, 37-8 mensuration, A-7
test, 43-10, 43-11 locus, 7-2 method, 5-3
type, 32-13 maxima, 8-2 Polyhedra, properties, A-9
waste, 32-12 maximum, 8-2 Polymer, 26-8, 32-12
water pipe, 26-25 minima, 8-2 asphalt, 76-5
Plasticity, 35-3 minimum, 8-2 asphalt modifier, 76-5
index, 35-22 null, 34-10 concrete, 48-7, 77-13
test, 35-4 of application, 5-1 -modified asphalt, 76-5
Plat, G-11 of beginning of curve, 79-3 organic, 26-8
Plate of common curvature, 79-6 -portland cement concrete, 48-7
anchor bolting, small column of continuing curve, 79-6 synthetic, 26-8, 26-9
base, 61-11 (fig) of contraflexure, 7-2 water treatment, 26-8
beam bearing, 59-18 of counterflexure, bulkhead, 39-4, 39-5 Polymictic, G-11
beam bearing, nomenclature, 59-19 (fig) of curvature, 79-3 Polynomial, 3-3
bearing value test, 35-31 of end of curve, 79-3 characteristic, 4-8
bracket, 65-5, 65-6 of inflection, 7-2 degree, 3-3
column base, 61-9, 61-10 (fig) of inflection, flexible bulkhead, 39-4, 39-5 factoring, 3-4
connection, 60-7 of rotation, 79-8 form, standard, 3-3
flat, 45-19, 51-5 of rotation, bulkhead, 39-4 graphing, 3-4
flat, uniform pressure, 45-20 (tbl) of sale system, 87-37 inspection, 3-4
girder, 59-2, 63-1 (fig), 63-2, 63-3, 63-5 of tangency, 79-3 Lagrangian interpolating, 12-2
girder, concentrated force, 63-5 operating, 18-17 Newton’s interpolating, 12-3
girder, flange, 63-2 oxygen, 85-6 (ftn) special case, 3-4
girder, web, 63-2 plumb, 78-19 Polyphase motor, A-173
INDEX - P
jet force on, 17-34 pour, 24-7 Polyphosphate, 25-7

lamella, 26-6 pressure at, 40-2 (fig) Polyprotic acid, 22-17
orifice, 17-30 principal, 78-19 Polysaccharide, 23-2 (tbl)
pin-connected, 60-7 principal, photograph, 78-18 Polystyrene resin, 22-22
width tolerance, 58-3 saddle, 7-2 Polytropic
Platform, slewing, 83-9, 83-10 set, 22-23 compression, 15-14
Platinum resistance thermometer, 85-5 silver, 85-6 (ftn) exponent, 15-14
Platoon, 73-21 singular, 8-1 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
length, 73-20 -slope form, 7-5 pipe, A-38, A-39, A-40, A-41
ratio, 73-16 source, G-11 Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Platykurtic distribution, 11-14 stagnation, 16-4 pipe, 16-10
Plow steel, 45-21 (ftn) steam, 85-6 (ftn) Pond
Plug sulfur, 85-6 (ftn) aerobic, 29-4
cock valve, 16-12 tangent, 7-2 anaerobic, 29-4
flow, 30-6 terminal, 5-1 facultative, 29-4
flow mixing model, 26-10 -to-area rain conversion factors, 20-18 maturation, 29-4
-flow reaction, 30-6 turning, 79-12 oxidation, 29-4
valve, 16-12 vertical, 78-19 polishing, 29-4
valve, eccentric, 16-12 yield, 43-3, 58-2 stabilization, 29-4
weld, 66-2 Poise, 14-7 tertiary, 29-4
Plugging, 29-13, 34-19 Poisoning, 34-19 Pop action, 16-12
Plumb Poisson Population, 11-3
bob, 78-9 arrivals per cycle, 73-17 (tbl) equivalent, 28-3
point, 78-19 distribution, 11-5 growth, 3-11
Plummet, optical, 78-9 Poisson’s ratio, 43-4, 58-2 standard deviation, 11-13
Plunger pump, 18-2 approximate value, 43-4 (tbl) Pore
Plus concrete, 48-6 pressure, 35-15, 37-9, 38-3, 40-5
declination, 78-12 Polar space, percent, 35-8
sight, 78-10 amine, 22-23 -squeeze liquid, 31-7
station, 78-9 coordinate system, 7-3 (fig) (tbl) velocity, 21-4
PMBOK Guide, 86-1 form, 3-8, 7-5 water pressure, 35-14
PMF, 20-6 form, vector, 5-2 Porosity, 21-2, 35-7, G-11
PMP, 20-6 moment of inertia, 42-6 effective, 21-2
Pneumatic roller, 76-8 Pole, 75-13 Porous filter, 21-5
Pocket penetrometer test, 83-3 breakaway, 75-13 Portland cement, 48-1
pOH, 22-12, G-11 weakened, base, 75-13 concrete, 48-1
Point Poling, 39-1 concrete pavement, 77-1
access, 73-3 Polishing high-early strength, 48-1
balance, 80-6, 80-7 (fig) characteristic, pavement, 76-4 low-heat, 48-2
balanced draft, 34-10 condensate, 22-24 modified, 48-1
-bearing pile, 38-1 filter, 29-12 normal, 48-1
break-even, 87-38 pavement, 76-5 sulfate-resistant, 48-2
bulk modulus, 14-14 pond, 29-4 type, 48-1
capacity, 38-2 Pollutant, 32-2, G-11 type I, 48-1
cloud, 24-7 air, 32-2 type II, 48-1
contraflexure, 8-2, 44-17 criteria, 32-2 type III, 48-1
critical, 8-2, 28-10, 28-11 hazardous air, 32-2 type IV, 48-2
cut-over, 87-23 (ftn) Pollution type V, 48-2
dew, 24-14 control, 32-1 Position
extrema, 8-2 generator, 32-2 absolute, 71-10
extreme, 8-2 industrial wastewater, 34-23 (tbl) angular, 71-7
fixed, motion about, 72-2 prevention, 32-1 dilution of, 78-6
flash, 24-5 (ftn) source, 32-2 relative, 71-10
force, 41-2 Polychlorinated biphenyl, 32-12 surveying, 78-7
gold, 85-6 (ftn) Polyelectrolyte, 26-8 vector, 41-3
grade, 80-3, 81-3, 81-5 (fig) Polygon
ice, 85-6 (ftn) formula, A-7, A-8
I N D E X I-49
Positioning probable, maximum, 20-6 meter, 14-2 (ftn)

differential, 78-6 rate, 34-9 multiple liquid, 15-12
relative, 78-6 softening, 22-22, 26-15, 26-17 neutral, 21-9
Positive Precipitator, electrostatic, 34-8 on a dam, 15-11
displacement pump, 18-2 Precise on buried pipe, 40-8
displacement pump, reciprocating, 18-2 estimate, 85-2 on curved surface, 15-10
element, 85-7 level, 78-10 on plane surface, 15-6, 15-7, 15-9
guidance, 75-10 rod, 78-10 osmotic, 14-10
guidance technique, 75-9 Precision, 85-2 partial, 31-6
temperature coefficient, 85-5 experiment, 11-11 passive, G-11
Post ratio of, probable, 78-2 pipe, buried, 40-8
-chlorination, G-11 Preconsolidated pore, 35-15, 37-9, 38-3, 40-5
end, 41-12 curve, 40-4 preconsolidation, 35-25
-tensioned concrete, 56-2 segment, 40-4 pump surge, 49-8
-tensioned construction, 56-2 Preconsolidation pressure, 35-25 regulator, 26-25
Posted load, 74-3 Precursor, 25-9 relief device, 16-12
Posting, load, 74-2 disinfection by-product, 25-10 -relief valve, 17-39
Potable, G-11 smog, 32-14 safe bearing, 36-2
Potential Predicted average crash frequency, 75-17 saturation, 14-9
energy, 1-3, 13-3, 16-2 Predictive analysis, safety, 75-2 soil, at-rest, 37-5
stream, 17-3 Prefix, SI, 1-7 soil, backward, 37-2
Potentiometer, 84-2, 85-3 (ftn) Preliminary treatment, 26-2, 29-3 soil, compressed, 37-2
circuit, 85-3 (ftn) Preload soil, depth, 40-1
transducer, 85-3 bolt, 45-12, 65-3 soil, forward, 37-2
Potentiometric sensor, 85-3 force, 45-12 soil, tensioned, 37-2
Pothole, 76-5 Preloaded soil, 35-24 standard temperature and, 24-2
INDEX - P
Pound, 1-1 Premature exhaustion, 29-13 surface, 15-6, 15-7, 15-9, 15-10
force, A-3 Prerequisite of privity, 88-7 (ftn) total, 16-2, 37-9
mole, 22-5 Presedimentation, 26-3 transverse, 17-28
Poundal, 1-4 Present unit, 14-2 (fig)
Pour point, 24-7 value, 87-5 (ftn) uplift, 21-9
Powdered activated carbon, 29-13 value, net, 87-5 (ftn) vapor, 14-9
Power, 3-5, 13-6 worth, 87-5, 87-11 water service, 26-25
aeration, 29-4, 30-9 worth method, 87-14, 87-15 Pressurized
angle, 84-7 Press fluidized-bed combustion, 24-5
blower, 29-4 belt filter, 30-18 liquid, 15-15
conversion, 13-6 fit, 45-6 tank, 17-18
conversion factor, A-1, A-2 fit, stress concentration factor, 45-9 (tbl) Prestress
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5 hydraulic, 15-15 loss, 56-3
curve, 43-5 Pressure, 14-2 maximum, 56-6
density, ESP, 34-10 absolute, 14-3 tendon, 56-3
design, 72-7 (ftn) active, G-1 Prestressed
electrical, 84-3, 84-6 apparatus, osmotic, 14-10 beam, analysis, 56-10
factor, 18-10, 84-7, 84-9 at a depth, 1-3, 15-6 (ftn) beam deflection, 56-4
friction, 18-9 at point, 40-2 (fig) concrete, 56-2
hydraulic, 18-7 atmospheric, 14-3 concrete cylinder pipe, 16-10
law, 1/7, 16-8 average, 15-7 concrete pavement, 77-2
-law model, 17-12 barometric, 14-3 concrete pipe, 16-10
law, viscosity, 17-12 center of, 15-5, 15-9, 15-10, 41-5 section, shear, 56-11
line hazard, 83-7 classes, ductile iron pipe, A-45 Prestressing
line, safety, 83-7 classes, iron pipe, A-44 effect on simple beam, 56-2 (fig)
number, 26-11 collapsing, 45-5 (ftn) fully, 56-3
of the test, 11-15 conduit, 16-5 midspan deflections from, 56-5 (fig)
phase, 84-11 conversion, SI, A-3, A-4 partial, 56-3
propulsion, 75-3 dead load, 40-8, 40-9 steel ratio, 56-10
pump, 18-2, 18-7 differential, 14-3 tendon, ASTM, 56-5 (tbl)
pumping, well, 21-7 drag, 17-41 tendon, stress, 56-7
series, 8-8 -drop, endpoint, 22-23 Presumptive test, G-11
ton of explosive, 1-7 drop, friction, 17-4 (ftn) Pretension
turbine, 17-36, 18-22 drop, steel pipe, A-55 bolt, 65-3
unit stream, G-15 drop, water, steel pipe, A-55 loss, creep, 56-4
water, 18-7 earth, 37-2 loss, shrinkage, 56-3
Powerhouse, 18-24 earth, active, 37-2, 37-3 Pretensioned
Pozzolanic earth, passive, 37-2 concrete, 56-1, 56-2
activity, 77-12 effective, 37-9, 40-5 connection, 65-2
additive, 48-2 energy, 16-2 construction, 56-2
ppb, 22-11 external, 15-15 Pretensioning, DTI washer, 58-4
PPCC, 48-7 filter, 26-14 Pretreatment, 26-2
ppm, 22-11 filtration, 30-18 Prevention, pollution, 32-1
Practical scaling index, 26-19 flow, 16-5 Prewash, air, 26-14
Prandtl number, 1-9 (tbl) fluid, 14-2 Price-earnings ratio, 87-36
Prandtl’s boundary layer theory, 17-44 from applied load, 40-2 Pricing, congestion, 73-27
Pre-chlorination, G-11 from concrete, 49-8 Primacy, 75-10
Precast concrete deck slab, girder, 51-9 from gas, 15-13 Primary
Precedence table, 86-10 gage, 14-3, 15-2 combustion chamber, 34-13
Prechlorination, 26-3 gauge, Bourdon, 15-2 consolidation, 40-3, 40-4
Precipitation, 20-1, 22-11 head, 18-6 consolidation rate, 40-5
average, 20-2 hydrostatic, 15-4, 37-9 creep, 43-16
chemical, G-4 lateral, concrete, 49-8 dimension, 1-7
phosphorus, 29-12 mean effective, 85-14 structure, 47-7
measurement, 15-1 treatment, 29-3
-measuring device, 15-2 (tbl) unit, 1-7
Prime rubberized asphalt, 76-29 stress, 43-3 (ftn)

coat, G-11 SAW, 66-1 test, 11-9
contractor, 88-4 SMAW, 66-1 test interval, 11-9
cost, 86-9, 87-33 unit, G-15 Proper
mover, 18-9 (ftn) waste, 32-2 polynomial fraction, 3-6 (ftn)
Primer, red, 16-11 zeolite, 22-22, 26-17 subset, 11-1
Principal Processing Properties
axis, 42-8, 59-15, 70-2 attention and information, 75-9 air, A-21
contract, 88-3 joint, 28-2 atmospheric air, A-22
moment of inertia, 42-8 Prochloraz, 32-12 atmospheric pressure, air, A-21
organic hazardous constituent, 34-13 Proctor test, 35-18, 35-19 carbon dioxide, 31-6 (tbl)
point, 78-19 Producer concrete components, 49-1
point, photograph, 78-18 gas, 24-8 (ftn) elements, A-83
stress, 44-5 risk, 11-14 gas, A-95
view, 2-2 Product, 22-6 masonry, 67-3
Principle cross, 41-3 masonry cross
Archimedes’, 15-16 dot, 5-3 sections, A-153, A-154, A-155, A-156
D’Alembert, 72-5 incomplete combustion, 34-14 metals, A-116, A-117, A-118
impulse-momentum, 17-33, 72-15 ion, 22-15 methane, 31-6 (tbl)
Le Châtelier’s, 22-13 mixed triple, 5-4, 5-5 mortar, 67-5
of proportionality, 47-2 of inertia, 42-7, 70-2 structural aluminum, A-115
perpendicular line, 2-1 scalar, 5-5 structural magnesium, A-115
virtual work, 47-3 solubility, 22-17 structural steel, A-115
work-energy, 13-3, 13-4, 45-20 triple cross, 5-5 structural steel, high temperature, A-151
Priority triple, scalar, 5-5 water, A-16, A-17, A-18, A-19
INDEX - P
ethical, 89-2 triple, vector, 5-5 water treatment chemicals, A-103

Prism, 80-4 vector, cross, 5-4 (fig) weld groups, A-125
level, 78-10 vector, dot, 5-3 (fig) Property
test method, 67-4 waste decomposition, 27-10 business, 87-20 (ftn)
Prismoid, 80-4 Professional class, bolt, 45-9, 45-10
Prismoidal formula, 80-5 corporation, 88-2 coal, 24-5 (tbl)
Privity of contract, 88-7 engineer, 90-1 concrete components, 49-2
Probabilistic problem, 87-30 engineering exam, 90-1 fuel, 24-6 (tbl)
Probability limited liability company, 88-3 fuel oil, 24-6
complementary, 11-4 services cost, 86-5 intangible, 87-20 (ftn)
density function, 11-4 Profile metallic, 22-2
joint, 11-3 auxiliary view, 2-2 personal, 87-20 (ftn)
of failure, conditional, 11-9 depth, 19-22 real, 87-20 (ftn)
of flood, 20-6 diagram, 80-6 residential, 87-20 (ftn)
success, 11-3 drag, 17-41 solution, 22-10
theory, 11-2 velocity, 16-8 steel, 58-2
Probable Profiling, 76-28 tangible personal, 87-20 (ftn)
error, 78-2 Profit, 87-37 Propiconazole, 32-12
error of the mean, 78-2 and loss statement, 87-34 Proportional
maximum flood, 20-6 and loss statement, simplified, 87-35 (fig) region, 43-3
maximum precipitation, 20-6 flow through, 88-2 strain, 43-3
maximum rainfall, G-11 gross, 87-37 weir, 19-14
ratio of precision, 78-2 margin, 87-36 Proportionality
value, 78-2 margin ratio, 87-36 limit, 43-3
Probe net, 87-37 principle of, 47-2
direction-sensing, 17-27 project, 86-6 Proportions
static pressure, 17-27 Program evaluation and review arbitrary, method, 49-2
Problem technique, 86-14 law of definite, 22-4
initial value, 10-1 Programming, 86-8 law of multiple, 22-4
loan repayment, 87-4 Progressive method, landfill, 31-2 Propped cantilever beam, 46-1
mixing, 10-8 Project Proprietorship
rate of return, 87-4 coordination, 86-15 single, 88-1
three-reservoir, 17-22 documentation, 86-16 sole, 88-1
Procedure management, 86-1 Propulsion
diagnosis, transportation network, 75-17 monitoring, 86-15 jet, 17-34
Johnson, 45-3 overhead, 86-6 power, 75-3
Marshall mix test, 76-11 scheduling, 86-8 Protection
Modified Angoff, -32 transportation, 75-15 cathodic, 48-10
Process Projected bearing area, 60-7 fall, 83-7, 83-9
absorption, 34-2 Projectile, 71-4 head, 83-7
anabolic, 27-9 motion, 71-4 hearing, 83-8
base exchange, 22-22 motion equations, 71-5 (tbl) impact, 83-7
bioactivation, G-3 Projection, 2-3 scour, 19-13, 19-14
biofilm, 26-14 cabinet, 2-2, 2-3 Protein, 28-14
biosorption, G-3 cavalier, 2-2, 2-3 Protista, 27-4
catabolic, 27-9 clinographic, 2-3 Protium, G-11
control, statistical, 11-16 factor, growth, 76-17 Prototype, 17-45
cost accounting, 87-36 fee, 86-2 Protozoa, 27-8, G-11
curing, 49-5 method, 87-10 flagellated, 27-8
economic analysis, 75-18 Projector, 2-1 Proximate analysis, 24-2
efficiency, BOD, 30-6 Prokaryote, 27-1 PRT time, 75-6
group, 86-1 Prompt-NOx, 32-9 Prying action, 65-6, 66-8
ion exchange, 22-22, 26-17 Prony brake, 85-13 Pseudocomponent, 14-16 (ftn)
Krause, G-9 Proof Pseudokinematic GPS surveying, 78-6
lime-soda ash, 26-15 alcohol, 24-7 Pseudoplastic fluid, 14-7
nitrification/denitrification, 29-12 load, bolt, 45-9, 45-13 psid, 14-3
reacted asphalt, 76-29 strength, 45-9, 45-13 Psychrophile, 27-6 (tbl)
I N D E X I-51
PTSF (see Percent time following), 73-12 Pumps R

Public in parallel, 18-18 -control chart, 11-16
corporation, 88-2 in series, 18-18 -value, 35-32
dealing with, 89-3 Punched hole, 60-2 -value, soil, 76-20
land system, 78-20 Punching shear, 55-3 Race, tail, 18-24, G-14
Publicly owned treatment works, 34-22 Punitive damages, 88-6, 88-7 Rack, 29-6
Puckorius scaling index, 26-19 Purchase order, 88-3 trash, 29-6
Puffing, 34-10 Pure translation, 72-2 Rad, 6-1 (ftn), G-12
Pull Purification Radial
anchor, 39-5 dilution, 28-10 component, 71-9
drawbar, 75-4 self-, 28-10 displacement method, 78-19 (fig)
line, 83-10 Purity, 26-9 -flow impeller, 18-4, 26-11
-out capacity, 38-5 Purlin, 59-2 -flow reaction turbine, 18-23
Pulley, 41-11 Purple bar, 48-10 -flow turbine, 18-22, 18-23
advantage, 41-11 Putrefaction, G-11 interference, 45-6
block, mechanical advantage, 41-11 PVC strain, 45-6
efficiency, 41-11 pipe, 16-9, 28-4, A-38, A-39, A-40, A-41 stress, 35-26
fixed, 41-11 pipe dimensions, A-38, A-39, A-40, A-41 velocity, 71-9
free, 41-11 Pycnometer, 76-8, G-11 Radian, 6-1
loss factor, 41-11 Pyramid hyperbolic, 6-5
Pulsation method, 76-14 Radiation
damper, 18-2 rectangular, 80-4 (fig) absorbed dose, 6-1 (ftn)
stabilizer, 18-2 Pyritic sulfur, 24-3 loss, 24-16
Pump (see also type), 17-15, 18-2 Pyrolysis, 32-13 ultraviolet, 26-21
centrifugal, 18-2, 18-4 (fig) Pythagorean Radical, 22-4, G-12
characteristic, 18-2, 18-12 theorem, 6-2 Radioactive decay, 10-9
characteristic curve, 18-16 (ftn) Péclet number, 1-9 (tbl) Radiographic inspection, 82-4
curve, 18-16 Radiography, 43-12
cylinder-operated, 18-2 Radius
diaphragm, 18-3 Q hydraulic, 16-5, 19-2, G-8
direct-acting, 18-2 loaded tire, 75-3
double-acting, 18-2 q of gyration, 42-6, 45-2, 59-3, 61-4,
double-suction, 18-4 -curve, G-12 70-2, A-114
duplex, 18-2 -system, 35-33 of gyration, least, 42-6, 61-4
dynamically similar, 18-20 Q-system, 47-3 of influence, 21-5, 31-6
efficiency, 18-9 Q-test, 35-28 turning, 73-3
efficiency versus specific speed, 18-9 (fig) Quad (unit), 13-1 Radon, 32-13
ejector, 18-2 Quadrant, 6-3 Raft, 36-9
sign of function, 6-3
INDEX - R
head added, 17-15 on clay, 36-9
homologous, 18-13 Quadratic on sand, 36-11
jet, 18-2 equation, 3-3, 7-9 Railing, safety, 75-13
kinetic, 18-2 velocity-dependent force, 72-19 Railroad
mixed-flow, 18-4 (ftn) Qualified rolling stock, 75-4
multiple-stage, 18-4 individual, ADA, 82-9 superelevation, 79-10
nonclog, 18-5 person, OSHA, 83-10 Railway
operating in parallel, 18-18 (fig) Quality curve, 79-3
operating in series, 18-18 (fig) break-even, 87-38 (fig) geometric design, 79-21
overall efficiency, 18-9 factor, joint, 16-10 vertical curve, 79-22
PD, 18-2 of boiler feedwater, 22-24 Rain
performance curve, 18-16 (fig) Quantitative predictive analysis, 75-2 acid, 32-4
piston rotary, 18-3 (fig) Quantity areal, 20-17
plunger, 18-2 economic order, 87-43 gross, 20-17
positive displacement, 18-2 ideal, 24-9 net, 20-7 (ftn), 20-17, G-10
power, 18-7 sludge, wastewater, 30-13 Rainfall
power factor, sludge, 18-5 sludge, water treatment, 26-12 gross, 20-17
power versus specific gravity, 18-5 stoichiometric, 24-9 intensity, 20-4
power, sludge, 18-5 wastewater, 28-1, 28-2 mass curve, 20-2
reciprocating action, 18-2 Quarter probable maximum, G-11
reciprocating positive displacement, 18-2 -bridge, 85-11 total, 20-17
rotary action, 18-2 -wave symmetry, 9-7 (tbl) Rainwater runoff, 32-14
sewage, 18-4 Quartile, 11-12 highway, 32-14
shaft loading, 18-11 Quartz, 35-32 Ram hydraulic, 15-15
similarity, 18-20 -crystal transducer, 15-2 Ramp
simplex, 18-2 Quenched and tempered alloy steel, 58-2 density, total, 73-9
single-acting, 18-2 Queue, 73-27 loop, 73-25
single-suction, 18-4 Queuing Ramping, 75-13
sludge, 18-5 delay, 73-14 Random
steam, 18-2 model, 73-27 error, 85-2
surge pressure, 49-8 theory, 73-27 number, A-82
triplex, 18-2 Quick Range, 11-13
velocity ratio, 18-3 mixer, 26-10 diagram, crane, 83-11
wastewater, 18-5, 29-3 ratio, 87-35 error limits, 85-7
Pumped storage, 26-24 test, 35-28 number, 78-20
Pumping Quicklime, 26-9 pace, 73-4
hydrocarbon, 18-21 Quicksand, 36-2 table, crane, 83-11
membrane, 27-3 Quiet sedimentation basin, 26-6 Ranger, G-12
other liquids, 18-20 Quotient, respiratory, 27-11 Rank
pavement, 76-5 column, 4-5 (ftn)
power multiplicative factor, 18-5 (tbl) matrix, 4-5
power, well, 21-7 R percentile, 11-12
R-test, 35-28 row, 4-5 (ftn)
speed, 73-4
Rankine earth pressure theory, 37-3, 37-5 surface loading, 29-7 slenderness, 45-3, 52-1, 60-4, 61-2
Ranking total incidence, 83-2 slenderness, critical, 61-4
alternative, 87-17 transition, 79-8 slenderness, steel tension member, 60-6
simple, 75-17 weir loading, 29-7 steel, 50-8, 50-12
Raoult’s law, 14-16 Rated steel, prestressing, 56-10
Rap, rip, G-12 point, pump, 18-16 stress, cyclic, 40-11
Rapid value, motor, 84-13 test, 3-12
cure, asphalt, 76-2 Rating transmission gear, 75-3
flow, 19-16, G-12 curve, G-12 void, 35-7
mixer, 26-10 factor, bridge, 74-2 volume-capacity, 73-5, 73-15
sand filter, 26-13, 29-12 level, operating, bridge, 74-3 water-cement, 49-1
static mode, 78-6 level, permit, bridge, 74-3 width-thickness, 61-6, 63-3
Rapper, 34-8 level, superload, bridge, 74-3 Rational
Rare earth, 22-3 load and resistance factor, method, equation, 20-14
Raster image, 78-7 bridge, 74-4 formula, 20-14
Rate load factor, bridge, 74-3 method runoff C-coefficient, A-81
15 min passenger car equivalent load, bridge, 74-2 method, modified, 20-20
flow, 73-10 SK, 29-8 method, peak runoff, 20-14
accident, 75-11, 83-2 system, rock mass, 35-33 real number, 3-1
arithmetic growth, 3-11 tonnage, railroad, 75-4 Rationalization, 3-8
average annual growth, 3-11 waviness spacing, 2-4 Rattler test, Los Angeles, 76-4
braking, 75-6 waviness width, 2-4 Raveling, pavement, 76-5
burning, 31-10 Ratio Raw material, 87-33
constant growth, 3-11 air-to-cloth, 34-5 Ray, 6-1 (ftn)
constant, BOD removal, 29-5 air/fuel, 24-9 RCP, 28-3
constant, deoxygenation, 28-8 aspect, 17-40 RDF, 31-10
constant, mixing, 26-10 available compressive stress versus Reach, 19-2, G-12
constant, reoxygenation, 28-7 slenderness, 61-4 (fig) Reactance, 84-5
crash, 75-16 (ftn) benefit-cost, 87-16 capacitive, 84-5
creep, 43-16 beta, 17-29 Reactant, 22-6
DART, 83-2 bifurcation, G-3 limiting, 22-9
days away, 83-2 California bearing, 35-29, 76-20 Reacted asphalt process, 76-29
decay, Velz, 29-11 cement-water, 49-2 Reaction, 41-7
exponential growth, 87-4 centrifugal, unbalanced, 79-7 biologic, 27-11
flow, 26-13, 73-6, 73-8 circular channel, 19-5 (tbl), A-75 chemical, 22-6
growth, 3-11 common, 3-11 combustion, 24-9
growth, maximum specific, 30-7 compression, 40-4 combustion, ideal, 24-9 (tbl)
heat release, 31-10 cornering, 79-7 determinate, 41-8
INDEX - R
injury incidence, 83-2 corona current, 34-10 dynamic, 72-5 (ftn)

lapse, G-9 corona power, 34-10 endothermic, 22-18
learning curve, 87-43 critical v/c, 73-15 enthalpy of, 22-18
linear growth, 3-11 current, 87-35 exothermic, 22-18
loading, 26-13 depth-thickness, 63-2 kinetics, 22-13, 22-14
lost time case, 83-2 differential gear, 75-3 order, 22-13
lost workday, 83-2 dust-to-binder, 76-15 oxidation-reduction, 22-7
nominal interest, 87-28 effective green, 73-15 rate, 22-13
of change, 8-1 endurance, 43-9 rate constant, 22-14, 34-7
of consolidation, 40-5 energy-efficiency, 13-6 (ftn) rate, zero order, 22-14
of flow, 73-5, 73-6 fatigue, 43-9 redox, 22-7, G-12
of flow, pedestrian, 73-21 filter, 34-5 reversible, 22-13
of grade change per station, 79-12 flow, 73-15 sequencing, batch, 30-4
of increase, lateral acceleration, 79-18 food-to-microorganism, 30-5 speed, 22-13
of oxygen transfer, 30-9 friction, 35-17 stoichiometric, 22-8, 22-9
of reaction, 22-13 gross air-to-cloth, 34-5 turbine, 18-22, 18-23
of return, 87-4, 87-12, 87-14, 87-17 lane occupancy, G-9 two-dimensional, 41-8
of return method, 87-17 lateral, 79-7 velocity, 22-13
of return on added investment length, 17-45 Reactive
study, 87-17 liquid-gas, venturi scrubber, 34-18 power, 84-6
of return problem, 87-4 mass-to-power, 75-8 substance, 32-2
of return, external, 87-12 modular, 44-20, 50-15, 56-3, 56-4, 57-3 Reactivity, alkali-aggregate, 48-2
of return, internal, 87-12 net air-to-cloth, 34-5 Reactor, 30-6
of return, minimum attractive, 87-16 nitrogen-oxygen, 24-8 biological, rotating, 29-11
of return, multiplicity, 87-12 (tbl) of exceedance, 11-12 continuous-flow stirred tank, 30-6
of shear formation, 14-6, 14-7 of precision, 78-2 tank, 34-7
of strain, 14-6 of specific heat, 15-14 volume, 30-7, 30-8
of substrate utilization, 30-7 of transformation, 84-6 Readily achievable, 82-11
overflow, 26-6, 29-7 overconsolidation, 35-25 Reading
per annum, 87-28 partial pressure, 24-2 rod, 81-4
precipitation, 34-9 platoon, 73-16 stadia, 78-8
recharge, 31-7 Poisson’s, 43-4, 58-2 Reaeration, 28-7
recirculation, 30-10 price-earnings, 87-36 Real
saturation flow, 73-15 profit margin, 87-36 fluid, 14-2
service flow, 73-5, 73-10 recirculation, 29-9 losses, 84-17
settling, 29-7 recompression, 40-4 number, irrational, 3-1
severity, 83-2 recycle, 30-10 number, rational, 3-1
shear, 14-6, 17-14 reinforcement, 50-12 power, 84-6
sludge recycle, 30-11 reinforcement, beam, property, 87-20 (ftn)
sludge return, 30-10 minimum, 50-6, 55-4 Reasonable accommodation, 82-9
spreading, 76-8 reinforcement, footing, minimum, 55-4 Reasonably available control
spring, 45-20 return on investment, 87-36 technology, 34-2
superelevation, 72-8, 79-7 saturation flow, 73-15 Rebar, 48-9
superelevation runoff, 79-8 severity, 75-11 area, 50-8, 51-3
I N D E X I-53
development length, 67-7 Red Reid vapor pressure, 32-8

epoxy-coated, 48-10, 55-5 (tbl) primer, 16-11 Reinforced
masonry, 67-6 time, effective, 73-20 concrete, beam, 50-1
pavement, 77-6, 77-7 Redistribution ring, 34-20 concrete pipe, 16-10, 28-3
protection, 48-10 Redox reaction, 22-7, G-12 concrete, slab, 51-1
zinc-coated (galvanized), 55-5 (tbl) Reduced equation, 10-1 membrane, 31-4
Rebound, 72-17 Reducing agent, 22-7 Reinforcement, 69-2
angle, 72-17 Reduction, 22-7, 23-2, G-12 beam, 50-2 (fig)
curve, 35-24 area, 43-6 beam, minimum, 50-5, 55-4
height, 72-17 degree of, 27-11 double, 50-24
stationary plane, 72-17 (fig) factor, capacity, 50-5 footing, minimum, 55-4
test, 43-14 factor, slenderness, 68-7 horizontal joint, 67-7
velocity, 72-17 factor, strength, 50-5 index, transverse, 55-5
Receipt, 87-3 linear equation, 3-7 joint, 67-7
Receivable value, 60-3 location factor, 55-5
average age, 87-35 value, welded connections, 60-4 (tbl) ratio, 50-12
turnover, 87-35 Redundancy, 75-10 selection of flexural, 55-4
Recessed plate filter press, 30-18 bridge, 74-4 shear, 50-20
Recession curve, 20-7 degree of, 46-1 shear strength, 50-20
Recharge rate, 31-7 reliability, 11-9 shear, limitation, 50-22
Reciprocating Redundant shear, spacing, 50-20, 50-27
action pump, 18-2 forces, 47-7 size factor, 55-5
positive displacement pump, 18-2 member, 41-7, 41-13 Reinforcing
Reciprocity, 90-2 system, 11-9 bar, 67-6
Recirculation, 29-9 view, 2-2 bar, ASTM standard, 48-8 (tbl)
flue gas, 34-10 Reeving, 83-10 bar, masonry, 67-6
rate, 30-10 Reference fabric, 40-10
ratio, 29-9 point stake, 81-1 steel, 48-8, 50-2
Reclamation, 29-13 point stake, measurement, 81-1 steel, pavement, 77-7
Recommended duration, 83-8 wire, A-134
Standards for Sewage inertial frame of, 71-10 Related angle, 6-1
Works, A-104 (ftn), A-105 (ftn) temperature, 85-6 function of, 6-3
weight limit, 83-7 Reflection cracking, 76-5 Relationship flexural-compressive
Recompression Reflex angle, 6-1 force, 62-2
curve, 40-4 Reformulated gasoline, 24-7 Relative
index, 40-4 Refraction abundance, 22-2
ratio, 40-4 atmospheric, 78-9 acceleration, 71-10
segment, 40-4 effect, 78-9 (fig) atomic weight, 22-2
INDEX - R
Reconsolidation index, 35-25 Refractory, G-12 compaction, 35-18
Recordable incident, OSHA, 83-2 ash, 24-3 compaction, suggested, 35-20
Recorder, automatic traffic, 73-6 metal, A-116, A-117, A-118 density, 35-8, 35-17
Recovery, 43-3 organic, 28-6 dispersion, 11-13
closed-loop, 34-4 solid, 28-6 fatigue damage value, 76-20
depreciation, 87-26 substance, 29-3 fraction, 87-31
leachate, 31-8 Refrigeration, ton, 1-7 importance, 87-31
method, capital, 87-15, 87-16 Refuse, 24-4 motion, 71-10
open-loop, 34-4 -derived fuel, 24-4, 31-10, 31-11 (tbl) paddle velocity, 26-11
solvent, 34-3, 34-4 Refutas equation, 14-16 permittivity, 34-9
Recreation vehicle, 73-7 Regenerating solution, 22-23, 26-18 position, 71-10
Rectangular Regeneration, 22-23 positioning, 78-6
channel, 19-6, 19-8, 19-17 ion exchange, 26-18 proportion, sodium carbonate, 25-11
channel, normal depth, 19-6 Regime risk, 87-35
coordinate system, 7-3 flow, G-6 roughness, 17-5
form, 3-7 subsonic flow, 14-15 (ftn) stability, 28-13 (tbl)
form, vector, 5-2 Region velocity, 71-10
hyperbola, 7-12 elastic, 43-3, 48-9 velocity difference, 17-35
moment of inertia, 42-3 null, 7-3 Relaxation
pyramid, 80-4 (fig) plastic, 48-9 loss, 56-4
rosette, 85-12 proportional, 43-3 stress, 56-6
Surveying System, 78-20 Steel, 20-5 Release valve, air, 16-12
tubing, 61-1 Steel, rainfall, 20-5 Reliability, 11-9, 85-2
weir, submerged, 19-11 strain-hardening, 48-9 experiment, 11-12
Rectified sinusoid, 84-5 transition, 16-7 flexible pavement, 76-20
Rectilinear system, 71-2 void, 7-3 parallel, 11-9
Rectum, latus, 7-10, 7-11 Registered engineer, 90-1 pavement, 76-20
Recurrence interval frequency, 20-5 Registration, 90-1 serial, 11-9
Recycle Regression Reliable measurement, 85-2
rate, sludge, 30-11 linear, 11-16 Relief
ratio, 30-10 nonlinear curve, 11-17 device, pressure, 16-12
Recycled Regula falsi method, 12-2 (ftn) drain, 31-7
asphalt pavement, 76-3, 76-6, 76-28 Regular valve, 16-12
pavement, PCC, 77-12 function, 8-1 valve, safety, 16-12
Recycling lay, 45-22 well, 21-4
asphalt pavement, 76-28 Regulation Reloading curve, 35-24, 43-7
cold, in-place, 76-28 speed, 84-12 Reluctance, 85-4 (ftn)
hot mix, 76-28 voltage, 84-11, 84-12 Rem, G-12
microwave asphalt, 76-28 Regulations, 82-2 Remediation, 32-15
plastic, 32-12 drinking water, A-96 Removal
surface, 76-28 Regulator, G-12 efficiency, 30-13, 34-7
wastewater, 29-8 pressure, 26-25 efficiency, BOD, 29-9
Rehabilitation period, 76-20 efficiency, ESP, 34-9
Rehbock weir equation, 19-11 fraction, 26-6, 30-6
fraction, BOD, 29-9 railroad car, 75-4 rate of, 87-4, 87-12, 87-14
of barrier, 82-11 rolling, 75-2 (ftn) rate, sludge, 30-10
rate constant, BOD, 29-5 side, 38-3 Reuse
Renewal, 87-14 (ftn) skid, pavement, 76-3, 76-4 beneficial, 30-20
Reovirus, 27-6 skin, 38-3 wastewater, 29-12
Reoxygenation, 28-7 slip, 65-3 Revenue, 87-34
rate constant, 28-7 specific, 34-5, 34-6 Reverse
Repayment temperature detector, 85-5 -bias, 85-5 (ftn)
loan, 87-4 thermometer, 85-5 osmosis, 26-22
Replacement, 22-7 tip, 38-2 Reversed effective force, 72-5 (ftn)
double, 22-7 value, Hveem’s, 35-31 Reversible
/retirement analysis, 87-4 value, soil, 35-32, 76-20 reaction, 22-13, 22-14
sampling with, 11-3 vehicular, 75-2 reaction kinetics, 22-14
sampling without, 11-3 Resisting Revolution
single, 22-7 moment, 44-8 (ftn) solid of, 9-6
study, 87-18 shear, 44-8 (ftn) surface of, 9-5, 42-3 (fig)
Report, environmental impact, 32-3 Resistivity volume of, 9-5, 9-6, 42-3 (fig)
Repose, angle of, 40-7, 72-6, 80-4 electrical, 84-2, 85-6 Reynolds number, 1-9 (tbl), 16-7
Required strength, 50-4 fire, 82-4 critical, 16-7
Research particle, 34-9 factor, 17-14
and development cost, 87-33 Resistor, 84-2, 84-3, 84-5 mixing, 26-11
octane number, 24-6 variable, 85-3 similarity, 17-46
Reservoir Resolution, 3-6 Rheogram, 14-7
evaporation, 20-22 of frequency analysis, 9-8 Rheopectic fluid, 14-7
impounding, 20-19 Resonant cycle length, 73-16 Rheostat, 84-2
multiple, 17-22 Resource Ribonucleic acid (RNA), 27-2
routing, 20-21 leveling, 86-10 Right
sizing, 20-19 -recovery plant, 31-10 angle, 6-1
three, 17-22 Respirable fraction, 32-7 circular cone, formula, A-9
yield, 20-19 Respiration, G-12 circular cylinder, A-9
Residence time Respiratory quotient, 27-11 distributive law, 4-4
mean, 29-7 Response -hand rule, 5-4, 41-3 (fig)
mean cell, 30-5, 30-8 dynamic, 44-8 of access, G-12
particle, 34-8, 34-9 static, 44-8 triangle, 6-2
solids, 30-5 Restitution, coefficient of, 72-17 Righting moment, 15-18
Residential property, 87-20 (ftn) Restraint, G-12 Rigid
Residual, 30-2, G-12 Result body, 71-1, 72-10
available combined, 28-13 highly significant, 11-14 body motion, 72-2
INDEX - R
chlorine, total, 34-8 Kutta-Joukowsky, 17-41 diaphragm, 68-12

combined, 25-9, G-4 significant, 11-14 framing connection, 65-7
free, 25-9, G-6 Resultant pavement, 77-1, G-12
fuel oil, 24-6 acceleration, 71-8, 71-14 pavement design, 77-5
oxidant, total, 29-13 force, equivalent, 41-4 pavement nomograph,
unavailable combined, 28-13 force-couple system, 41-4 AASHTO, 77-8 (fig)
value, 86-7, 87-16 shear, 45-17 pavement, axle load equivalency
Resilience, 43-7 total active, 37-3 factor, A-170
modulus of, 43-7 vector, 5-2, 5-3 pavement, equivalency
Resilient Resurfacing, G-12 factor, A-169, A-171
material, 43-7 Retainer fee, 88-5 truss, 41-12
modulus, 76-20, G-12 Retaining wall, 54-1, 54-2 Rigidity, 44-2, 44-3
modulus, effective roadbed soil, 76-20 active component, A-108, A-109 flexural, 44-3
modulus estimation chart, 76-21 (fig) analysis, 37-9 modulus, 43-8
Resin cantilever, 37-1 Ring
gelular, 26-17 design, 37-12 benzene, 23-1 (tbl)
ion exchange, 22-22 key, 37-1 double, infiltration test, 21-9
macroporous, 26-17 water table, 37-9 permutation, 11-2
macroreticular, 26-17 Retardance roughness coefficient, piezometer, 15-2 (ftn)
Resistance (see also type) Manning’s, 20-4 redistribution, 34-20
air, 75-3 Retarded flow, G-12 slip, 85-8 (ftn)
baghouse, 34-5 Retarder stiffness, 16-11
curve, 75-3, 75-5 concrete, 49-8 Ringelmann scale, 24-12
electrical, 84-2 set, 48-3 Rip rap, G-12
electrical, bridge, 85-9 Retention (see also type) (see also Rippl diagram, 20-21
electrical, motion, 14-2 Detention) Rise in temperature, 13-4
electrical, shear, 14-1 period, 29-7 Riser pipe, 21-4
electrical, temperature detector, 85-5 specific, 21-3, 21-4 Rising
electrical, thermal, coefficient, 85-6 (tbl) surface, G-14 limb, 20-7
electrical, rolling, 72-8 time, 26-6, 29-7 sludge, 30-12
factor, 74-4 time, hydraulic, 30-7 Risk, 11-14
factor for joint, AASHTO, 56-7 (tbl) watershed, 20-19 alpha, 11-14
factor, AASHTO, 56-7 Retentivity, 34-3 analysis, 87-44
fatigue, pavement, 76-4 Reticulum, endoplasmic, 27-2 beta, 11-15
filter, 34-5 Retirement analysis, 87-4 consumer, 11-15
flow, 34-5 Retrograde solubility, G-12 -free investment, 87-11
grade, 75-2 Retroreflector, 78-9 mitigation, geotechnical, 35-33
incidental, 75-5 Return producer, 11-14
inertia, 75-2 external rate of, 87-12 Rivet, 45-10, 65-1
knock, 24-6 internal rate of, 87-12 RMR system, 35-33
level tangent, 75-5 interval, 20-5 rms value, 84-4, 84-5
locomotive, 75-4 minimum attractive rate of, 87-16 RNA, 27-2
nominal, 74-4 on investment, 87-36 Road (see also Roadway)
pile, 38-2 on investment ratio, 87-11, 87-14 -access charge, 73-27
I N D E X I-55
adhesion, coefficient of, 75-5 transmission, 45-21 half-year, 87-3

collector, 73-3 wire, 45-21, 45-22 L’Hôpital’s, 3-9
frontage, G-7 Rosette strain gauge, 85-8 mixture, 32-2
local, 73-3 Rotameter, 17-27 of 72, 87-8
message cue, 75-9 Rotary of 90s, 76-3
mix, G-12 action pump, 18-2, 18-3 of professional conduct, 89-1
safety feature, 75-12 bridge, 73-25 of signs, Descartes’, 3-4
Test, AASHO, 77-5 pump, slip, 18-3 (fig) right-hand, 5-4, 41-3 (fig)
user cost, 73-27 Rotating SI system, 1-5
Roadbed, G-12 beam test, 43-9 (fig) Simpson’s, 7-2, 78-18
soil resilient modulus chart, 76-21 (fig) biological contactor, 29-11 six nines, 34-13
Roadside safety railing, 75-13 biological contactor, statutory, 89-1
Roadway, 75-15 characteristics, 29-12 transit, 78-15
banking, 72-8 biological reactor, 29-11 trapezoidal, 7-1, 78-17
functional classification, 73-3 (tbl) machine, electrical, 84-11 Ruling gradient, railroad, 75-4
network element, 75-15 Rotation, 44-19, 71-7 Run
network warrant, signalization, 73-19 axis of, 72-2 -of-mine coal, 24-4
or environmental factor, 75-8 center of, 66-7 -of-the-nut method, 45-13
segment (see also Segment), 75-10 fixed axis, 72-2 Runaway speed, 17-36
urban, 73-3 method, instantaneous center of, 65-6 Runner, turbine, 18-21
Rock, 35-2 of axis, 42-7 Running
bearing capacity, 36-8 pipe bundle, 34-16, 34-17 (fig) bond, 67-3
excavation, 80-2 point of, 79-8 speed, 73-3
igneous, 35-32 point of, bulkhead, 39-4 speed, average, 73-3
mass rating system, 35-33 Rotational Runoff, 32-14
metamorphic, 35-32 particle motion, 71-7 C-coefficient, A-81
quality designation, 35-32 symmetry, 7-4 condition, antecedent, 20-17
salt, 35-32 Rotavirus, 27-6 crown, 79-8
type, 35-32 Rotex gear, 83-9, 83-10 curve number, 20-18, 20-19
Rocket, 72-19 Rotifer, 27-8 peak, 20-11
Rockwell Rotor subsurface, G-14
A scale, 43-13 concentrator, 34-4 superelevation, 79-8
B scale, 43-13 motor, 84-14 surface, 20-7 (ftn), G-14
C scale, 43-13 Rough-pipe flow, 17-5 tangent, 79-8
hardness test, 43-13 Roughing filter, 29-9 Runout, tangent, 79-8
Rod Roughness Runway, airport, 73-30, 79-21
grade, 81-4, 81-5 (fig) coefficient, 17-8, A-73 Rupture
ground, 81-4, 81-5 (fig) coefficient, Manning’s, 19-4, A-73 angle of, 43-8
leveling, 78-10 coefficient, overland, 20-4 line, 35-26
person, 81-4 coefficient, retardance, 20-4 modulus of, 50-16, 77-6
Philadelphia, 78-10 height, 2-4 modulus of, concrete, 48-6
precise, 78-10 height index, 2-4 Mohr’s theory of, 43-8
reading, 81-4 relative, 17-5 strength, 43-16
reading for grade, 81-4 sampling length, 2-4 Rural
slider, 71-14 specific, 17-5 (tbl), A-50 area, 73-3
standard, 78-10 weight, 2-4 survey, 78-5
tie, 39-5 width, 2-4 Rutting, pavement, 76-5
waving the, G-15 width cutoff, 2-4 RV equivalent, 73-7
Roentgen, G-12 Round beam, 50-1 Ryznar stability index, 26-18
Rohsenow equation, 14-11 Rounding
Roll, 15-18 (ftn), 72-2 begin slope, 81-4
INDEX - S
Rollcrete, 48-7 end slope, 81-4 S
Roller Route surveying, 78-9
-compacted concrete, 48-7, 76-29 Routing S
grid, 35-18 channel, 20-23 corporation, 88-3
pavement (see also type), 76-8 flood, 20-23 -curve, 27-4
pneumatic, 76-8 reservoir, 20-21 -curve method, 20-13
rubber-tired, 35-18, 76-8 Row -test, 35-28
sheepsfoot, 35-18 canonical form, 4-2 S-N curve, 43-9
smooth-wheeled, 35-18 equivalent, 4-2 typical, aluminum, 43-10 (fig)
static, 76-8 equivalent matrix, 4-2 typical, steel, 43-9 (fig)
support, 41-7 matrix, 4-1 Sack, cement, 48-1
Rolling operation, elementary, 4-2 Sacrificial anode, 22-19
equipment, 76-8 rank, 4-5 (ftn) Saddle point, 7-2
friction, coefficient of, 72-8 -reduced echelon form, 4-2 Safe
resistance, 72-8, 75-2 (ftn) -reduced echelon matrix, 4-1 bearing pressure, 36-2
resistance, coefficient of, 72-8 RQD, 35-32 bearing value, pile, 38-2
resistance, wheel, 72-8 (fig) Rth-order difference, 3-10 Drinking Water Act, 25-5
stock, railroad, 75-4 Rubber load, pile, 38-2
Root, 3-3, 12-1 asphalt, 76-29 yield, 21-6, G-12
-mean-squared value, 11-12, 84-4, 84-5 crumb, asphalt, 76-29 Safety, 83-1
double, 3-3 -modified asphalt, 76-29 crane, 83-10
extraneous, 3-4 -tired roller, 35-18, 76-8 electrical, 83-6 (tbl), 83-7 (tbl)
finding, 12-1 Rubberized asphalt process, 76-29 feature, road, 75-12
pile, 38-6 Rubbish, 24-4 geotechnical, 35-33
Rope, 41-11 Rubcrete, 77-13 highway, 75-2
-operated machine, mechanical Rule, 89-1 management technique, 75-10
advantage, 41-11 (tbl) 80%, 84-9 objective, 75-2
haulage, 45-21 compass, 78-15 performance function, 75-16
hoisting, extra flexible, 45-21 Cramer’s, 3-7, 4-7 railing, roadside, 75-13
standard hoisting, 83-10 derived, 32-2 relief valve, 16-12
structural, 45-21 engineering economic analysis, 87-3 scaffolding, 83-9
subjective, 75-2
valve, 16-12 map, 78-21 hyperbolic, 6-5

valve, full-lift, 16-12 model, 17-45 method, 12-2 (ftn)
valve, high-lift, 16-12 Mohs, 43-13 modulus, 43-4
valve, low-lift, 16-12 parameter, 11-8 modulus of elasticity, concrete, 48-5
Sag Ringelmann, 24-12 Second
curve, 28-10, 79-11, 79-14, 79-15, 79-16 Rockwell A, 43-13 area moment, 42-4
curve, oxygen, 28-11 (fig) Rockwell B, 43-13 derivative, 8-1
oxygen, 28-10 Rockwell C, 43-13 law of cosines, 6-6
pipe, G-12 spring, 45-20, 85-14 moment of a function, 9-6
Salary plus fee, 88-5 water, 25-4 moment of the area, 42-4
Saline, G-12 Scaling stage demand, G-12
Salinity, 22-10 constant, 34-6 (tbl) Secondary
hazard, 25-11 index, Puckorius, 26-19 clarifier, 29-12
irrigation water, 25-11 law, 18-20 combustion chamber, 34-13
Salometer scale, 14-5 (ftn) pavement, 76-5 compression index, 40-6
Salt, G-12 Scavenging, oxygen, 22-23 consolidation, 40-3, 40-5
crevice, 22-24 SCFM, 30-9 consolidation, coefficient of, 40-6
water conversion, 26-22 Schedule creep, 43-16
Salvage value, 87-18 -40 pipe, 16-9, 16-10, 16-10 (ftn) -order analysis, 47-16
Sample, 11-3 management, 86-9 -order analysis, linear, 47-2
grab, 28-15 Scheduling -order analysis, nonlinear, 53-1
space, event, 11-3 fast-track, 86-9 -order differential equation, 10-1
standard deviation, 11-13 (ftn) project, 86-8 -order effect, 62-1, 62-2
variance, 11-13 Schist, 35-32 -order homogeneous, 10-3
Sampler, split-spoon, 35-16 Schmidt number, 1-9 (tbl) -order linear, 10-3
Sampling, 11-2 Schmutzdecke, 26-14 (ftn) treatment, 29-3
with replacement, 11-3 School crossing warrant, signalization, Section (see also type), 2-4, 78-20
without replacement, 11-3 73-18 built-up, 63-1
Sand, G-12 Schulze correlation, 29-11 compact, 59-2, 61-6
bearing capacity, 36-7 Scleroscopic hardness test, 43-14 compression-controlled, 50-5
braced cut, 39-2 Score, cut, -xxxii conic, 7-8, 7-9
cohesion, 35-27 Scour, G-12 critical, base plate, 61-10
cuts in, 39-2 (fig) protection, 19-13, 19-14 cross, 2-4 (ftn), 80-2
drying bed, 30-18 velocity, 29-6 dangerous, 44-11
filter, 26-13, 29-12 Scratch hardness test, 43-13 drawing, 2-3
filter bed, 32-14 Screed (see also type), 76-7 factor, 19-3
filter, intermittent, 29-12 extending, 76-7 hollow structural, 58-3
filter, polishing, 29-12 high-density, 76-7 modulus, 42-7, 44-11, 59-3
filter, rapid, 26-13, 29-12 Screen modulus, elastic, 59-3
filter, slow, 26-14, 29-12 gravel, 21-5 modulus, plastic, 59-8, 59-11
-lightweight concrete, 48-7 wastewater, 29-6 modulus, plastic, plate girder, 63-2
quick, 36-2 well, 21-4 noncompact, 61-6
raft on, 36-11 Screening, 26-2 slender element, 61-6
stability, cut, 39-4 pea coal, 24-4 structural, G-13
trap, G-12 transportation network, 75-17 tension-controlled, 50-5
versus clay, 36-1, 36-2 Screwed fitting, 17-12 (ftn) transition, 50-5
Sandstone, 35-32 Scrim, 31-4, G-12 typical, 80-3
Sanitary wastewater, 28-1 Scrubber, 34-2 Sectioning cut, 2-4
Saturated atomizing, 34-18 Sections
density, 35-7 venturi, 34-18 method of, 41-15
INDEX - S
hydrocarbon, 23-2 (tbl), 24-1 wet, 34-2 taking at pluses, 80-3

solution, 22-11 wet venturi, 34-18 (fig) Sector, A-7
steam, properties, A-60, A-61, A-62 Scrubbing, 34-17 Sediment structure, 80-11
steam, properties, A-67, A-68, A-69 advanced, 24-5 Sedimentary rock, 35-32, G-12
surface-dry condition, 49-3 chemical, 34-17 Sedimentation, 20-23, 26-3
Saturation dry, 34-17 basin, characteristics, 29-7
coefficient, 67-5 semi-dry, 34-17 basin, plain, 29-7
coefficient, oxygen, 30-9 venturi, 34-18 efficiency, 26-6
concentration (gas in liquid), 22-9 SCS plain, 26-5
concentrations of dissolved oxygen in curve number, 20-16 tank, 26-5
water, A-87 graphical method, 20-17 Seebeck effect, 85-7
degree of, 35-7, 73-15 lag equation, 20-11 Seed, G-12, G-13
flow rate, 73-15 peak discharge, 20-17 Seeded BOD, 28-10
flow ratio, 73-15 synthetic unit hydrograph, 20-11 Seeding, 80-11
index, Langelier, 26-18 Scum, 29-7 Seep, G-13
pressure, 14-9 grinding, 29-7 Seepage
SAW process, 66-1 SDG sewer, 28-4 flow net, 21-8
Saybolt Seal, 34-16 velocity, 21-4
Seconds Furol (SSF), 14-6 coat, G-12 Segment
Seconds Universal (SSU), 14-6, 18-2 (ftn) double, 34-16 asymmetrical, cable, 41-20 (fig)
viscometer, 14-6 (ftn) mechanical, 34-16 crash factor, 75-10
SBC, 82-1 single, 34-16 length, weaving, 73-26
Scaffold, 83-9 tandem, 34-16 major weave, 73-26
Scalar, 5-1 Sealer, penetrating, 77-12 normally consolidated, 40-4
matrix, 4-1 Sealing surface, 77-12 one-sided weaving, 73-26
multiplication, 4-4 Seamless steel boiler tubing, roadway, 75-15
product, triple, 5-5 dimensions, A-49 two-sided weaving, 73-26
Scale, 22-21 (ftn), 26-18, 78-18 Search, visual, 75-9 Segmental construction, bridge, 56-7
API, 14-5 Seasonal variation, 38-3 Segregation concrete, 49-5
Baumé, 14-5 Secant Seiche
characteristic, 19-18 bulk modulus, 14-14 external, G-13
length, 19-18 formula, 45-4 internal, G-13
I N D E X I-57
Seismic olefin, 24-1 main, 28-2

design category, 69-3 paraffin, 24-1 minimum velocity, 19-2
design category, masonry, 68-2, 68-13 perpetual, 87-7 overflow, combined, 29-13
load, 50-20 pipe, 17-20 pipe, concrete dimensions, A-42, A-43
response modification factor, masonry, power, 8-8 pipe, dimensions and weights, A-42, A-43
68-3, 68-12, 68-14 pumps in, 18-18 pipe, material, 28-3
Selective spring, 45-20 pipe, PVC dimensions, A-39, A-40, A-41
catalytic reduction, 32-10, 34-19 Taylor’s, 8-8 size, 28-4
leaching, 22-19 Server queue, 73-28 slope, 28-4
noncatalytic reduction, 34-19 Service small-diameter, gravity, 28-4
Selenide, cadmium, 85-5 factor, 72-7 (ftn), 84-13 surcharged, G-14
Self factor, motor, 18-10 trunk, 28-2
-cleansing pipe, 20-3 (ftn) flow rate, 73-5, 73-10 velocity, 28-4
-cleansing velocity, 19-2, 20-3 (ftn), 28-4 level of, 73-3, 73-8, 73-21 Sexagesimal system, 78-7
-compactible concrete, 48-7 life, 87-20 Shadow vehicle, 73-32
-consolidating concrete, 48-7 limit state, 56-7, 74-4 (ftn) Shaft, 45-7
-placing concrete, 48-7 load, 45-2, 50-3 capacity, 38-3
-purification, 28-10 pressure, 26-25 critical speed, 26-12
-purification constant, 28-11 time, 73-27 design, 45-14
Selling expense, 87-33 Serviceability, 59-5 loading, pump, 18-11
Semi beam, 50-14 pier, G-11
-dry scrubbing, 34-17 cracking, 50-14 twist, 43-8, 45-14
-gravity wall, 37-1 deflection, 50-15 Shale, 35-32
-precise level, 78-10 index, initial, 76-20 Shallow foundation, 36-1
-rigid framing connection, 65-7 index, terminal, 76-17, 76-20 Shape
-variable cost, 87-32 limit states, 58-5 basic, 42-1, 42-4
Semimajor distance, 7-11 Set, 11-1 designation, 58-3 (tbl), 60-1
Semiminor distance, 7-11 accelerator, 48-3 designation, compression member cross
Semipermeable membrane, 14-10 associative law, 11-2 section, 61-2 (fig)
Sending unit, 85-3 (ftn) commutative law, 11-2 factor, 35-23, 36-3
Sense, 5-1 complement, 11-1 mensuration, A-7
Sensitivity, 11-12, 85-2, G-13 complement law, 11-1, 11-2 most economical, 58-6
analysis, 87-44 de Morgan’s law, 11-2 of a fluid, 14-1
clay, 35-29 disjoint, 11-1 pile, 80-4 (fig)
contrast, 75-9 distributive law, 11-2 Sharp-crested weir, 19-11
factor, strain, 85-8 element, 11-1 Sharpest curve, 79-8
fatigue notch, 43-10 idempotent law, 11-1 Shear, 44-8
type, 87-44 (fig) identity law, 11-1 ACI coefficient, 47-19
variable, 87-44 intersection, 11-1 beam load cell, 85-13
Sensor, 85-3 laws, 11-1 cantilever wall, 39-5 (fig)
Separable first-order, 10-2, 10-3 member, 11-1 capacity, vertical stirrup, 50-22 (fig)
Separate system, G-13 null, 11-1 center, 45-17, 59-15
Separation permanent, 43-3, 48-9 center, thin-wall section, 45-17 (fig)
factor, 34-8 point, 22-23, 26-18 coefficient, ACI, 47-19
hydrograph, 20-7 retarder, 48-3 connection, 65-4
of terms, 9-3 union, 11-1 connector, 57-2, 64-1, 64-4
Separator, inertial, 32-7, 34-7 universal, 11-1 crack, typical pattern, 50-20 (fig)
Septage, 29-2 Setting, 18-24 critical section, one-way, 55-3 (fig)
Septic, G-13 Settleable critical section, two-way, 55-3 (fig)
tank, 29-2 solid, 34-23 critical section, wall footing, 55-2 (fig)
Sequence, 3-10 solids, 25-9 diagram, 44-8
INDEX - S
arithmetic, 3-11 Settled sludge volume, 30-6 direct, 66-6
convergent, 3-10 Settlement (see also double-action, 55-3
divergent, 3-10 Consolidation), 36-1, 40-3 envelope, 50-20
geometric, 3-11 differential, 36-1 envelope, maximum, 47-20
harmonic, 3-11 elastic, 40-3 failure, soil, 36-2
p-, 3-11 immediate, 40-3 flow, 45-16
standard, 3-11 pile, 38-5 force of action, 45-17
Sequencing Settling, 40-3 formation, rate of, 14-6, 14-7
batch reactor, 30-4 basin, G-13 horizontal, 44-10
construction, 86-8 column test, laboratory, 26-6 lag, 57-3
design, 86-8 rate, 29-7 lag reduction coefficient, 60-3
Sequentiality, 75-10 velocity, 17-43, 26-5, 26-6 lag reduction coefficient, bolted
Sequestering agent, 26-19 (ftn) velocity, critical, 26-7 connection, 60-3 (tbl)
Serial Severability, 88-4 lag reduction coefficient, welded
reliability, 11-9 Severity connection, 60-4 (tbl)
system, 11-9 category, 75-11 minimum, 46-10
Series, 3-11 crash, 75-16 modulus, 43-8 (tbl), 44-2, 45-14, 58-2
arithmetic, 3-12 rate, 83-2 modulus of elasticity, 43-8
circuit, electrical, 84-3 ratio, 75-11 one-way, 44-8 (ftn), 55-3
expansion, 8-8 Sewage panel, 46-12
finite, 3-11 pump, 18-4 prestressed section, 56-11
Fourier, 9-7 strength, 28-8 punching, 55-3
galvanic, 22-19 (tbl) Sewer rate, 14-6, 17-14
geometric, 3-12 alternative, 28-4 reinforcement, 50-20
harmonic, 3-12 branch, G-3 reinforcement, anchorage, 50-23
hydrocarbon, 24-1 capacity, 28-5 (tbl) reinforcement, anchorage requirement,
infinite, 3-11, 87-7 collector, 28-2 50-23 (fig)
Maclaurin, 8-8 combined, 28-2 reinforcement design procedure, 50-23
methane, 24-1 G-P, 28-4 reinforcement limitation, 50-22
naphthalene, 24-1 gravity, 28-4 resistance, 14-1
of alternating sign, 3-13 interceptor, 28-3 resisting, 44-8 (ftn)
resultant, 45-17 Shunt balance bridge, 85-9 (ftn) reservoir, 20-22

single-action, 55-3 Shutoff stochastic, 20-22
slab design, 51-3 point, pump, 18-16 Simultaneous equations
span, 50-27 service valve, 16-12 linear, 3-6, 3-7
strain, 43-8 SI matrix, 4-6
strength, 43-8, 59-5, 63-2 base unit, 1-5 (tbl) solving, 3-7
strength, block, 60-4 conversion factor, A-3 Sine
strength, concrete, 48-6 derived unit, 1-6 coversed, 6-4
strength, nominal, 50-21 prefix, 1-7 flipped, 6-4
strength, nominal, concrete, 50-21 system rule, 1-5 function, integral, 9-8
strength, shear reinforcement, 50-21 unit, 1-5 hyperbolic, 6-4
stress, 44-2 Sick building syndrome, 32-4 law of, 6-5, 6-6
stress, beam, 44-10 Side versed, 6-4
stress, concrete beam, 50-20 friction factor, 38-3, 72-8, 79-7 Single
stress, fluid, 14-6, 17-14 resistance, 38-3 -suction pump, 18-4
stress, rectangular beam, 44-11 (fig) slope, erodible channel, 19-26 -acting hammer, 38-2
-stud connector, 64-3 water depth, 29-7 -acting pump, 18-2
stud, material, 58-4 Sidesway, 47-15 -action shear, 55-3
test, direct, 35-25 Sideways friction, 72-8, 79-7 angle, 61-1
torsional, 66-6 Siemens, 84-2 butt, 45-11 (ftn)
two-way, 55-3 Sieve cyclone, 34-7
ultimate, 59-12 opening, 35-2 cyclone, double-vortex (inertial
vane test, 83-3 size, 35-3 separator), 34-7 (fig)
wall, 54-2 test, 35-2 drainage, 40-5
wide-beam, 55-3 Sight distance, 79-14, 79-15, G-13 payment cash flow, 87-3
Sheave, 41-11 decision, 79-11, G-5 payment present worth factor, 87-5
wire rope, 45-22 headlight, 79-16 -point calibration, 85-2
Sheepsfoot roller, 35-18 non-striping, G-10 -point diamond interchange, 73-25
Sheet passing, 79-10, G-11 -point urban interchange (SPUI), 73-25
flow, 20-3 stopping, 79-10, G-13 proprietorship, 88-1
flow, Manning’s roughness Sightline offset, horizontal, 79-11 seal, 34-16
coefficient, 20-3 Sigma chart, 11-16 shear, 45-11
piling, 39-4 Sigmoidal shape, 27-4 -stage pump, 18-4
piling, allowable stress, 39-4 (tbl) Sign strength test, 49-1
piling, section modulus, 39-4 alternating, series of, 3-13 Singular
Sheeted pit, G-13 convention, 44-5 (fig) matrix, 4-2, 4-5
Sheeting, close-, 39-1 of the function, 6-3 point, 8-1, 8-3 (ftn)
Shells Signal Singularity, 4-5
method of, 9-6 analyzer, 9-8 Sink energy, 17-15
torsion, 45-15 coordination warrant, Sinkhole, G-13
Sherwood number, 1-9 (tbl) signalization, 73-18 Sinking fund, 87-7
Shield four-phase, 73-14 factor, 87-7
arc, 64-4 phase, 73-15 method, 87-22
configuration, 83-4 (fig) three-phase, 73-14 Sinuosity, G-13
trench, 83-3 timing, Greenshields method, 73-17 Siphon, 17-20
Shielded metal arc weld, 66-1 timing, Webster’s equation, 73-16 air valve, 16-14
Shifting taper, 73-32 two-phase, 73-14 inverted, G-8
Shock versus stop sign, 73-18 Site
electrical, 83-6, 83-7 warrant, 73-17 condition, crash, 75-18
load, septage, 29-2 Signalized intersection, 73-14 condition, transportation, 75-15
INDEX - S
treatment, 28-5 Signature analysis, 9-8 (ftn) development cost, 86-4

Shooting flow, G-13 Significance level, 11-14 dewatering, 80-11
Shore hardness test, 43-14 Significant transportation network, 75-15
Shored construction, 57-3 digit, 3-1 visit, 86-3
Shoring, 64-2, 83-3 result, 11-14 Siting
box-, 39-1 result, highly, 11-14 landfill, 31-5
skeleton, 39-1 Silica fume, 48-2 wastewater treatment plant, 29-3
Short Siliceous-gel zeolite, 22-22 Six
circuit, electrical, 84-2 Silt fence, 80-11 nines rule, 34-13
-circuiting, 26-12 Silver point, 85-6 (ftn) -sack mix, 49-2
column, 52-1 Silviculture, 30-20 Size
hydraulically, 19-27 Similar triangle, 6-2 cut, 34-8
length, weaving, 73-26 Similarity, 17-45 distribution, particle, 35-2
-term transaction, 87-3 dynamic, 17-45 dust, convention, 32-7
ton, 1-7 geometric, 17-45 effective grain, 35-2
Shortt equation, 79-18 law, pump, 18-20 effective throat, 45-14
Shotcrete, 40-10 mechanical, 17-45 factor, 55-5
Shoulder taper, 73-32 partial, 17-47 motor, 18-10
Shovel, 80-9 Simple sieve, 35-3
Shoving pavement, 76-5 framing connection, 65-6 (fig) weld, 66-3
Shredder, 29-7 interest, 87-11, 87-40 Skeleton shoring, 39-1
Shrink fit, 45-6 interest loan, 87-40 SK rating, 29-8
Shrinkage, 56-3, 80-1, 80-9 pipe culvert, 17-19 (fig) Skempton bearing capacity
cement, -compensating, 48-2 ranking method, 75-17 factors, 39-3 (tbl)
-compensating concrete, 48-2 support, 41-7 Skew, symmetric matrix, 4-2
cracking, 48-2 Simplex pump, 18-2 Skewness, 11-14
index, 35-22 Simplified curve formula, 79-7 Fisher’s, 11-14
limit, 35-21 Simply supported, 41-7 Pearson’s, 11-14
loss, 56-4 Simpson’s rule, 7-2, 78-18 Skid resistance, pavement, 76-3
pretension loss, 56-3 Simulated equilibrium, 72-5 (ftn) Skidding
Simulation distance, 75-7
Monte Carlo, 20-22, 87-42 (ftn) friction, coefficient of, 75-6 (tbl)
I N D E X I-59
Skimming tank, 29-7 rounding, begin, 81-4 Sodium

Skin rounding, end, 81-4 adsorption ratio, 25-11
friction, 17-5 (ftn), 17-41 sewer, 28-4 bicarbonate, relative proportion, 25-11
friction capacity, 38-3 stability chart, 40-7 hazard, 25-11
friction coefficient, 17-5 (ftn), stability, clay, 40-7 percent, 25-11
17-45 (ftn), 38-3 stability, Taylor, 40-7 (fig) Soffit, 19-27 (ftn)
friction loss, 17-4 (ftn) stability, Taylor chart, 40-7 Soft
friction, negative, 38-6 stake, 81-1, 81-3 material, 43-1
resistance, 38-3 stake, marking determinant, 81-4 water, 26-16, 26-17
Slab Sloping excavation, 83-3 Softening
beam, factored moment, 51-6 Slot weld, 66-2 ion exchange, 26-17
-beam floor system, 50-3 (fig) Slotted hole, 65-1 lime, 26-15 (ftn)
beam, two-way, 51-7 (fig) Slow membrane, 26-22
concrete, 51-1 -closing valve, 17-39 point, Vicat, 43-11
concrete, effective width, 64-2 cure, asphalt, 76-2 precipitation, 22-22, 26-15, 26-17
deck, 51-8 sand filter, 26-14, 29-12 Soil (see also type), 35-2
deflection, 51-2 test, 35-28 bentonite, 40-10
design, flexure, 51-3 Sludge, 26-12, 30-2, 32-2 (ftn), G-13 boring symbols, A-106, A-107
design, shear, 51-3 activated, 30-2 cement, 48-8
flat, 51-5 age, 30-5 classification, 35-3, 83-2
length, pavement, 77-7 age, BOD, 30-5 Classification System,
minimum thickness, 51-2 (tbl), 51-8 (tbl) beneficial reuse program, 30-20 Unified, 35-4, 35-6 (tbl)
one-way, 51-2 (fig) bulking, 30-5, 30-12, G-13 classification, AASHTO, 35-4, 35-5
reinforced concrete, 51-1 cake, 30-18 classification, USCS, 35-4, 35-6 (tbl)
two-way, 51-5 (fig) characteristics, 30-13 cohesionless, 37-2
waffle, 51-5 composting, 30-20 cohesive, 37-2
width, effective, composite member, 57-2 conditioner, 22-24 failure, 35-26
Slack time, 86-11 critical velocity, 18-5, 18-6 gap-graded, 35-2
Slag, 24-3 dewatering, 30-18 granular, 37-2
Slaked lime, 26-15 disposal, 30-20 group, hydrologic, 20-16
Slam-bang, 80-9 incineration, 30-20, 34-15 incineration, 34-15
Slate, 35-32 landfill, 30-20 indexing formula, 35-9 (tbl)
Slender methane production, 30-16 mass-volume relationship, 35-7
column, 45-2 monofill, 30-20 moisture content, 21-2
element section, 61-6 ocean dumping, 30-20 nailing, 40-10
Slenderness, 69-2 parameters, 30-4 noncohesive, 37-2
ratio, 45-3, 52-1, 61-2 pump, 18-5 nonplastic, 35-22
ratio, critical, 61-4 pump power factor, 18-5 normally consolidated, 40-4, G-10
ratio, steel tension member, 60-4 quantity, wastewater, 30-13 overconsolidated, 40-4
reduction factor, 68-7 quantity, water treatment, 26-12 parameter formula, 35-8
Slewing recycle rate, 30-11 particle, classification, 35-2
platform, 83-9, 83-10 return rate, 30-10 permeability, 21-2, 35-23
unit, 83-9, 83-10 rising, 30-12 pressure, at-rest, 37-5
Slickenside, G-13 stabilization, 30-15 pressure, backward, 37-2
Slider thickening, 30-14 pressure, compressed, 37-2
rod, 71-14 volume index (SVI), 30-5, 30-10, 30-12, pressure, forward, 37-2
rod assembly, 71-14 G-13 pressure, tensioned, 37-2
Sliding, 72-11 volume, settled, 30-6 pressure, vertical, 37-3
factor of safety, 15-12 washout, 30-13 resilient modulus, 76-20
plate viscometer test, 14-6 waste activated, 30-2 resistance value, 76-20
vector, 5-1 (ftn) wasting, 30-12 strength, 35-26
INDEX - S
window method, 75-17 water treatment, 26-6 test, ASTM, 35-16, 35-17 (tbl)
Slip, 18-10 yield, 30-13 test, standard, 35-16
ammonia, 34-19 (ftn) Slug, 1-3, A-3, A-4 type A, 83-2
base, pole, 75-13 Slump, 48-4 type B, 83-2, 83-3
coefficient, 65-3 concrete, 49-1 type C, 83-3
-critical connection, 65-3 grout, 67-6 type, geotechnical quality, 83-3 (fig)
electrical, 84-14 test, 48-4 washing, 34-20
factor, Cunningham, 34-9 Slurry well-graded, 35-2
-form construction, 77-1, 77-2 friction loss, 17-11 Sol, G-13
forming, 49-7 trench, 40-10 Soldier, 39-1
pump, 18-3 wall, 40-10 beam, 39-7
resistance, 65-3 Small pile, 39-1, G-13
ring, 85-8 (ftn) angle approximation, 6-3 Sole proprietorship, 88-1
Sliplining, 40-11 -diameter gravity sewer, 28-4 Solid
Slipping, 72-11 -diameter grouted pile, 38-6 angle, 6-6
cracking, pavement, 76-5 SMAW process, 66-1 bowl centrifuge, 30-18
Slope,7-5, 8-1, 19-15, G-13 Smog, 32-14 contact unit, 26-12
backfill, broken, 37-6 photochemical, 32-14 density, 35-8
circle failure, 40-7 precursor, 32-14 incineration, 34-15
configuration, 83-4 (fig) Smoke, 24-12, 32-15 of revolution, 9-6
critical, 19-3, G-5 opacity, 32-15 settleable, 34-23
cross, adverse, 79-8 spot number, 24-12, 32-15 volatile, G-15
deflection method, 47-3 Smooth-wheeled roller, 35-18 volume method, 49-2
drain, temporary, 80-10 Smoothing, 87-42 volume method, concrete, 77-2
energy gradient, 19-3 coefficient, 87-42 waste, 32-2
excavation, 83-3 Snug-tightened connection, 65-2 waste, municipal, 31-1
geometric, 19-3 Snyder hydrograph, 20-11 Solidity, 80-8
-intercept form, 7-5 SO2 control, 24-5 Solids, 28-6, A-165
maximum allowable, 83-4 (tbl) SOC, 28-14 dissolved, 28-6
normal, 19-3 Soda ash, 26-15 fixed, 30-4
/ramp method, landfill, 31-2 in water (see also type), 25-9
nonvolatile, 30-4 Specific of sound, 14-14

refractory, 28-6 activity, G-13 operating, 73-3
residence time, 30-5 area, filter, 29-9 parameter, traffic, 73-3
suspended, 28-6, 29-3 capacity, 21-4 pedestrian, 73-21
total, 28-6 collection area, 34-9 rank, 73-4
volatile, 28-6, 30-4 discharge, 21-4 regulation, 84-12
washout, 30-13 downgrade, highway, 73-12 rule, 79-9
Solubility, 31-9, 34-21 energy, 13-1, 16-1, 16-9, 19-15 runaway, 17-36
coefficient, 22-10 energy diagram, 19-15 (fig) running, 73-3
product, 22-17 energy, total, 16-2 (ftn) space mean, 73-3, G-13
retrograde, G-12 feed characteristic, 34-12 specific, 18-12
Soluble force, 19-15 specific, turbine, 18-23
BOD, 30-6 gravity, 14-4, 35-8 surge wave, 17-38
sodium, percent, 25-11 gravity, apparent, 76-8 synchronous, 18-10, 84-14
Solute, 14-10 (ftn), 22-11 gravity, apparent, asphalt mixture, G-2 time mean, 73-3
Solution, 14-10, 22-11, G-13 gravity, bulk, 76-8, 76-9, G-3 tip, 18-4
Blasius, 17-45 gravity, effective, 76-9, G-6 travel, 73-4
buffer, 22-12 gravity, maximum, 76-9 work, 13-2
complementary, 10-3 growth rate, 28-6 SPF, 20-6
indicator, 25-2 growth rate, net, 28-7 Sphere, 7-12
neutral, 22-12, 25-1 heat, 13-4 formula, A-9
of gas in liquid, 22-9 heat, gas, 24-2 unit, 6-6
particular, 10-3 heat, molar, 13-4 Spherical
property of, 22-10 heat, ratio of, 15-14 coordinate system, 7-3 (fig) (tbl)
regenerating, 26-18 identification method, 87-37 defect, 6-6
saturated, 22-11 kinetic energy, 16-1, 16-2 drop, 10-10
trivial, 3-7 (ftn) performance, 88-4, 88-6 excess, 6-6
Solvation, 22-11 permeability, 21-2 segment, A-9
Solvency, 87-35 resistance, 34-5, 34-6 tank, 45-6
Solvent, 14-10, 22-11 retention, 21-3, 21-4 triangle, 6-6
recovery, 34-3, 34-4 roughness, 17-5 (tbl), A-50 trigonometry, 6-5, 6-6
Sonic roughness, pipe, A-50 Sphericity, 17-43
boom, 14-15 speed, 18-12 Spheroid, 78-6
velocity, 14-14 speed versus impeller design, 18-12 (tbl) Spill
Sorbent speed, suction, 18-16 hazardous, 32-15
injection, 34-20 speed, turbine, 18-21, 18-23 oil, 32-11
-injection, duct, 24-5 storage, G-13 Spillway, 19-13
-injection, furnace, 24-5 substrate utilization, 30-7 coefficient, 19-13
Sorption, G-13 surface area, 29-11 dam, 19-13
Sound upgrade, highway, 73-12 ogee, 19-13 (ftn)
limit, 83-8 utilization, 30-7 Spiral
speed of, 14-14 volume, 14-4, 14-5 angle, 79-19
Source weight, 14-5 column, 52-2
energy, 17-15 weight, concrete, 48-4 curve, 79-18, 79-19 (fig)
nonpoint, G-10 weight, equivalent, 37-9 curve, desirable length, 79-21
point, G-11 yield, 21-3, G-13 curve, lane encroachment, 79-20
Space Specification, 58-5 curve, length, 79-19
buffer, 73-32 binder, 76-15 curve, maximum radius, 79-21
confined, 83-6 pipe, 16-10 deflection angle, 79-19
mean speed, 73-3, G-13 Specifications entrance, 79-18
INDEX - S
mean speed versus density, 73-7 (fig) DOT geotextile, 40-11 exit, 79-18
mean speed versus flow, 73-7 (fig) kept intact, 82-11 tangent offset, 79-19
mechanics, 72-21 Specified cover, 50-8 (tbl) wire, column, 52-2
mechanics, nomenclature, 72-21 (fig) Specimen, 43-2 wire, splice, 52-3
pedestrian, 73-21 test, 43-2 (ftn) Spitzglass formula, 17-10
per pedestrian, 73-21 SpecsIntact, 82-11 Splice
permittivity of free, 34-9 Spectrum analyzer, 9-8 length, minimum, 67-7
-time diagram, 73-19 Speed (see also type), 71-3 spiral wire, 52-3
traffic, 73-32 adaptation, 75-9 Split
work, traffic, 73-32 average, travel, 73-3, 73-12 beam, tee construction, 65-8 (fig)
Spacing, G-13 balanced, 72-8 chlorination, G-13
bracing, 59-3 compression wave, 17-38 cylinder testing procedure, 48-6
fire hydrant, 26-24 control, motor, 84-15 mastic, 76-28
gage, 60-2 crawl, 73-3 process, 26-16
hole, 65-1 critical, 73-6 spoon sampler, 35-16
molecule, 14-2 critical, shaft, 26-12 Splitting tensile strength test, 48-6
pitch, 60-2 degradation on grade, 75-8 Spoilage, 87-38 (ftn)
stirrup, 50-22 design, 73-3, 73-4 Spoils, 39-2
transverse joint, 77-11 driving, 75-9 Sporozoans, 27-8
vehicular, 73-6 -flow relationship, 73-8 (fig) Spot speed
Spalling, 76-5 free-flow, 73-3, 73-6, 73-8, 73-10 data, 73-4
Span, 17-40 legal, 73-3 study, 73-4
shear, 50-27 limit, 73-3 average, 73-3
Spandrel, 59-2 limit, legal, 73-3 Spray tower, 34-2, 34-20
Sparging, 34-20 linear, 13-2 (ftn) absorber, 34-3 (fig)
SPC, 11-16 mean, 73-3, 73-4 packed bed, 34-3 (fig)
Special median, 73-4 Spread
case, polynomial, 3-4 mode, 73-4 footing, 36-2
condition, 46-1 normal, 72-8 length, 76-7
damages, 88-7 of a jet, 17-17 -tandem axle, 76-18
triangle, 6-2 of efflux, 17-17
Species, target, 85-3 of reaction, 22-13
I N D E X I-61
Spreading, 75-10 Stake (see also type), 78-9, 81-1 testing, 82-3
cracking, pavement, 76-5 abbreviations of, 81-1 -writing organization, 82-3
rate, 76-8 alignment, 81-3 Standing wave, 19-18, G-13
Spring, 45-20, G-13 cluster, 81-1 Stanton number, 1-9 (tbl)
anticlinal, G-2 daylight, 81-4 Starvation demand, 73-25
artesian, G-2 guard, 81-1 State
constant, 44-3, 45-20 header, 81-1 fatigue limit, 74-4 (ftn)
constant, combinations, 45-20 hub, 81-1 limit, 74-4 (ftn)
dimple, G-5 location, 81-5 (fig) oxidation, 22-3
energy, 13-3 marking, 81-1 plane coordinate system, 78-5, 78-7
ideal, 45-20 marking, abbreviations, 81-2 (tbl) service limit, 74-4 (ftn)
in parallel, 45-20, 45-21 reference point, 81-1 standard, chemical, 22-17
in series, 45-20 slope, 81-3 strength limit, 74-4 (ftn)
index, 45-20 (ftn) slope, marking, determinant, 81-4 Statement
perched, G-11 witness, 81-1 common size, financial, 87-34 (ftn)
rate, 45-20 Staking, 81-1 of changes in financial
scale, 45-20, 85-14 Stall position, 87-34 (ftn)
stiffness, 45-20 angle, 17-40 of income and retained earnings, 87-34
SPT value, 35-16 parking, 73-22 Static
Square width, 73-21 analysis, 47-2
matrix, 4-2 Stand-alone navigational mode, GPS, 78-6 balance, 70-2
tubing, 61-1 Standard discharge head, 18-6 (fig)
Squirrel cage rotor, 84-14 accounting principle, 87-34 (ftn) energy, 13-3, 16-2 (ftn)
SSD condition, 49-3 atmosphere, international, A-59 equilibrium, 15-18, 41-6 (ftn)
SSF, 14-6 atmosphere, SI, A-3, A-4 friction, 72-5
SSU, 14-6, 18-2 (ftn) atmospheric pressure, 14-3 friction, angle of, 72-6
St. Venant torsional constant, 59-4 (ftn) Building Code, 58-5 (ftn), 82-1 friction, coefficient of, 75-5
Stability, 15-18, 72-2, 85-2 cash flow, 87-4 (fig) GPS surveying, 78-6
asphalt mix, 76-11 cash flow factor, A-177 head, 18-6
coefficient, 53-2 circuit breaker, 84-9 indeterminacy, degree of, 47-7
constant, 22-15 condition, 14-4 (ftn), 24-2 pile composting, 30-20
correlation factor, 76-12 condition, gaseous fuel, 24-2 pressure probe, 17-27
experiment, 11-12 contract, 88-5 pressure tube, 15-2
Hveem, 76-14 cost, 87-36 response, 44-8
index, Langelier, 26-18 cubic feet per minute, 30-9 roller, 76-8
index, Ryznar, 26-18 cubic foot, 24-2 suction head, 18-6
Marshall, 76-10 design vehicle, 73-3, 73-4 (tbl), 76-18 suction lift, 18-6 (fig)
number, 39-2, 40-7 deviation, 11-13 Statical moment, 42-3, 44-10
pavement, 76-3 deviation of the sample, 11-13 (ftn) Statically
relative, 28-13 dissolved oxygen, 28-10 determinate, 41-7
sand, cut, 39-4 enthalpy of formation, 22-18 (tbl) indeterminate, 41-7, 46-1
slope, clay, 40-7 error, 11-13 Statics, 41-1
slope, Taylor chart, 40-7 error of the mean, 11-14 indeterminate, 46-1
Taylor slope, 40-7 (fig) factory cost, 87-36 Station
water, 26-18 flood, 20-6 angle, 78-13
Stabilization, 32-15 form, 7-9 back, 79-3
contact, 30-3 girder, AASHTO-PCI, 56-8 control, 78-7
lagoon, 29-4 gravity, 1-2 curve, around, 79-3
pond, 29-4 hoisting rope, 83-10 full, 78-9
sludge, 30-15 hole, 60-2 offset method, 79-5
surface, 32-7 hook, 50-23, 55-6 (fig) plus, 78-9
INDEX - S
tank, 30-4 hook, masonry, 67-7 survey distance, 78-9
time, 28-13 motor, 84-12 triangulation, 78-7
treatment, 26-18 normal curve, area under, A-12 zero plus zero zero, 79-3
water, 26-19 normal deviate, 11-12 Stationary
Stabilometer normal table, 11-6 mixer, 49-5
Hveem, 76-14 normal value, 11-6, 11-12, 11-15 phase, 27-4
test, 35-32 normal variable, 11-12 Stationing, 78-9
value, 76-14 normal variate, 11-12 ahead, 79-3
Stable equilibrium, 72-2 of care, 88-6 (ftn), 88-7 back, 79-3
Stack gas (see also Flue gas), 24-12 orthographic view, 2-2 curve, 79-3
Stadia penetration resistance, 35-16 forward, 79-3
interval, 78-8 penetration test, 35-16, 36-7 Statistic, chi-squared, 11-8
interval factor, 78-8 pipe, 16-10 Statistical
measurement, horizontal, 78-8 (fig) polynomial form, 3-3 error, terms, 85-3
measurement, inclined, 78-8 (fig) project flood, 20-6 process control, 11-16
method, 78-8, G-13 -rate filter, 29-8 Stator, pump, 18-3
reading, 78-8 rod, 78-10 Statute, 89-1
survey, 78-5 sequence, 3-11 of frauds, 88-3 (ftn)
Staff gauge, 19-11 state, chemical, 22-17 Statutory rule, 89-1
Stage, G-13 temperature and pressure, 14-4, 24-2 Stay-in-place formwork, 51-9
pump, 18-4 truck, 76-18 Steady
Staged truck load, 76-18 flow, 19-2, 19-14, G-13
-air burner system, 34-20 truck loading, 76-19 -flow energy equation, 16-2
combustion, 34-20 truck, HL-93, 74-4 flow well, 21-5
-fuel burner system, 34-20 wastewater, 28-15 -state operation, 11-9
Stagnation weld symbol, 66-3 (fig) Steam
energy, 16-4 Standards friction loss, 17-9
point, 16-4 drinking water, 25-5 point, 85-6 (ftn)
tube, 16-4 fire resistance, 82-5 pump, 18-2
Stainless steel, A-116, A-117, A-118 industrial wastewater, 29-1 saturated, properties, A-60, A-61, A-62,
type, 22-19 (ftn) national drinking water, 25-5 A-67, A-68, A-69
stripping, 34-22 Stenothermophile, 27-6 (tbl) Straight

superheated, properties, A-65,A-66, A-72 Step angle, 6-1
trap, 16-14 -flow aeration, 30-3 line, 7-4 (fig)
trap, float, 16-14 function, 10-6 -line depreciation recovery, 87-26
trap, inverted bucket, 16-14 interval, frequency distribution, 11-10 line error, 45-20 (ftn)
trap, thermodynamic disc, 16-14 system, 28-4 -line method, 20-7, 87-21, 87-26
trap, thermostatic, 16-14 time, simulation, 75-14 Strain, 43-2, 44-2
Steel, A-115, A-116, A-117, A-118 Stepped cash flow, 87-10 axial, 43-4
area, average, 51-3 (tbl) Steradian, 6-6 circumferential, 45-6
area, per foot of width, 51-3 Sterilization, well, 21-4 creep, 43-16
balanced, area, 50-6 Sterilized well equipment, 21-4 cyclic, 43-9 (ftn)
bar, masonry, 67-7 Stiff mixture, 48-4 diametral, 45-6
beam, 59-1, 59-5, 59-9 (fig) Stiffened element, 61-6 elastic, 43-3
beam, analysis, 59-5 Stiffener, 59-17 energy, 43-6, 43-7, 44-2, 44-12,
beam, analysis flowchart, 59-6 (fig) beam, 44-18 44-15, 44-17
beam, minimum cost, 50-6, 55-4 bearing, 44-19, 59-18 (fig),63-2, 63-4 (fig) energy method, beam deflection, 44-15
beam width, 50-8 bearing, design, 63-4 energy method, truss deflection, 44-17
blue-center, 45-21 flange, 59-18 (fig) engineering, 43-2
boiler tubing dimensions, A-49 interior intermediate, 63-3 gauge, 15-2, 85-8, 85-13
carbon, 58-1 intermediate, 44-19, 59-18, -hardening exponent, 43-5
column, 61-1 63-3, 63-4 (fig) -hardening region, 48-9
compression member, 61-1 intermediate, design, 63-4 inelastic, 43-3
connector, 58-4 Stiffness, 44-2, 44-3, 47-13 lateral, 43-4
cover, 50-8 and rigidity, 44-3 (fig) limit, compression-controlled, 50-5
deck (see also Metal deck), 57-4 flexural, 53-4 log, 43-5
distribution, 55-5 (fig) method, 47-3, 47-10 net, 85-11
dual-certified, 58-6 pipe, 16-11 physical, 43-5
fiber-reinforced concrete, 77-13 reduction factor, axial load, 53-4 plastic, 43-3
footing, minimum, 55-4 reduction factor, lateral load, 53-4 proportional, 43-3
formula, 20-5 ring, 16-11 radial, 45-6
grade, 48-10 spring, 45-20 rate of, 14-6
high-carbon, 58-1 torsional, computation, 51-7 sensitivity factor, 85-8
high-performance, 58-6 Stilling basin, G-13 shear, 43-8
high-strength, 58-7 Stimulated production, 21-4 thermal, 44-4
high-strength low-alloy, 58-1 Stirrup, 50-2, 50-21 total, 43-4
low-carbon, 58-1 anchorage, 50-23 true, 43-5
maximum, area, 50-6 spacing, 50-22 volumetric, 14-14
mechanical property, 48-9 U-shaped, 50-23 Strand (see also Tendon), 56-5
medium-carbon, 58-1 Stochastic structural, 45-21
member, composite, 64-1 critical path model, 86-14 Strata, layered geological, 83-3
mild-carbon, 58-1 simulation, 20-22 Strategic Highway Research Program, 76-15
minimum, area, 50-6 Stoichiometric Stratosphere, 15-13, 15-14 (ftn)
modulus of elasticity, 48-10 air, 24-9 Stratum, G-13
monitor, 45-21 combustion, 24-9 Straw, 80-11
nomenclature, 58-1 quantity, 24-9 Streaking, pavement, 76-5
pipe, 16-9 reaction, 22-8, 22-9 Stream
pipe dimensions, 16-10, A-31, A-32, Stoichiometry, 22-8, G-13 braided, G-3
A-33, A-34,A-35, A-36, A-37 biological system, 27-11 coordinates, fluid, 17-18 (fig)
pipe, black, 16-10 Stoke, 14-8 effluent, G-6
pipe, corrugated, 16-11 Stokes number, 1-9 (tbl) ephemeral, G-6
INDEX - S
pipe, galvanized, 16-10 Stokes’ law, 17-42, 26-5 function, 17-4

pipe, plain, 16-10 Stone function, Lagrange, 17-4
pipe, pressure drop, water, A-55 -filled asphalt, 76-28 gaging, G-13
pipe, water flow, 17-9, A-55 mastic asphalt, 76-28 gauging, 19-2
plow, 45-21 (ftn) matrix asphalt, 76-2, 76-28 influence, G-8
properties, A-79, A-80 Stop sign versus signal, 73-18 meandering, G-9
property, 58-2 Stopping order, G-13
quenched and tempered, 58-2 distance, 75-6 potential function, 17-3
rainfall coefficients, 20-6 sight distance, 75-6, 79-10, G-13 power, unit, G-15
rainfall region, 20-5 Storage Streamline, 16-7, 21-7
ratio, 50-8, 50-12 coefficient, 21-3 analogy, stress concentration, 44-5 (fig)
ratio, prestressing, 56-10 constant, 21-3 flow, 16-7
rebar, area, 51-3 depression, G-5 Streamtube, 16-7
region, 20-5 facility, 33-2 Street, 73-3
-reinforced concrete, 15-12 (ftn) indication method, 20-21 inlet, 28-5
reinforcing, 48-8, 50-2 pumped, 26-24 urban, 73-3, 73-14
reinforcing, pavement, 77-7 specific, G-13 Streeter-Phelps equation, 28-10
reinforcing wire, A-134 tank, 33-1 Strength
shape designation, 58-3 (tbl) tank, underground, 32-15 acceptance testing, 49-1
stainless, A-116, A-117, A-118 water, 26-24 allowable bearing, 61-9
structural, 58-1, A-115 Storm analysis, doubly reinforced section, 50-24
structural, properties, A-115 century, 20-5 available compressive, 62-2
structural, property, 58-2 (tbl) characteristics, 20-2 available, bearing, 65-4
structural, type, A-150 design, 20-4, 20-5 axial tensile, 60-1
temperature, 51-2 frequency, 20-5 beam, nominal shear, 50-21
tension member, 60-1 Stormwater bearing, available, 65-4
unit, 58-1 modeling, 20-23 breaking, 43-3
water pipe, 26-25 Story drift, 53-2 coefficient, 43-5, 76-22
weathering, 58-6 (ftn) STP (see also Standard temperature and compressive, 43-8
wire gauge, 67-7 pressure), 14-4 cracking, 40-9
wire, joint, 67-7 gaseous fuel, 24-2 creep, 43-16
Stem, retaining wall, 54-3 Straddle, bisection method, 12-1 crushing, 40-9
I N D E X I-63
D-load, 40-9 relaxation, 56-6 Subbase, G-13

design, 44-2 (ftn), 50-2, 50-5, 52-3, 59-8 -relaxation test, 43-11 Subchapter C corporation, 88-3
design, allowable, 58-5 riser, 44-5 Subcontract, 88-4
design, bearing, 61-9 -rupture test, 43-16 Subcritical flow, 19-16, G-13
design method, 45-2, 50-3 shear, 44-2 Subgrade, G-13
design model for composite shear, concrete beam, 50-20 design, confidence level, 76-22 (tbl)
beam, 64-3 (fig) shear, fluid, 14-6 drain, 76-29, 76-30 (fig)
design, wall, 54-2 -strain curve, 43-2 (fig), 43-4 (fig) modulus, 35-31, 77-6 (fig)
endurance, 43-9, 43-10 -strain curve, concrete, 48-5 (fig) parameter comparison, 76-22 (tbl)
factor, 52-3 -strain curve, ductile steel, 48-9 (fig) reaction, modulus of, 35-31, 76-20
fatigue, 43-9 -strain curve, structural steel (fig.), 58-2 reaction, modulus of, Westergaard, 77-5
flexural, 59-5, 77-6 tangential, 45-4 value, 77-6 (tbl)
flexural, available, 64-2, 64-3 tendon, 56-7 Subjective safety, 75-2
fracture, 43-3 tensile, axial, 60-1 Submain, G-14
laboratory, 40-9 tension, diagonal, 50-20 Submatrix, 4-1
law, Abrams’, 48-4 total, 35-14 Submerged
layer, 76-20 true, 43-5 arc weld, 66-1
limit state, 58-5, 74-4 (ftn) yield, 17-12, 43-3, 58-2 density, 35-8, 36-8
lower yield, 43-3 Strickler equation, 19-4 (ftn) fraction, 15-16
material, 44-2 Strict liability in tort, 88-7 mode, 19-14
nominal, 45-2, 50-5 Stringer, 39-2, 59-2, G-13 pipeline, 15-18
proof, 45-9, 45-13 Strip rectangular weir, 19-11
reduction factor, 50-5 column, slab, 51-6 scraper, conveyor, 32-5
reduction factor, AASHTO, 56-7 footing, 36-2 Subset, 1-1
reduction factor for joint, middle, slab, 51-6 proper, 11-1
AASHTO, 56-7 (tbl) surcharge, 37-8 Subsonic
reduction factor, variation, 50-6 (fig) Stripper, air, 34-20 flow regime, 14-15 (ftn)
required, 50-4 Stripping, 34-2 (ftn) travel, 14-15
rupture, 43-16 -AC process, 34-4 (fig) Substance
shear, 43-8, 59-5, 63-2 air, 29-12, 34-20 target, 85-3
shear, concrete, 48-6 ammonia, 28-14, 29-13 type, reaction, 22-13
shear, nominal concrete, 50-21 factor, 34-21 Substanct target, 34-2
soil, 35-26 pavement, 76-5 Substantial impairment, 82-9
steel beam, 59-2, 63-2 steam, 34-22 Substitution, linear equation, 3-7
steel beam, plate girder, 63-1 Strong Substrate, 28-6, 85-8, G-14
tensile, 43-3, 58-2 axis, 59-2 utilization, rate of, 30-7
ultimate, 43-3, 45-2 axis bending, 59-5 utilization, specific, 30-7
ultimate, pipe, 40-9 material, 43-1 Subsurface
yield, 43-3, 58-2 Strouhal number, 1-9 (tbl) flow, 20-7
Stress, 43-2, 44-2 Struck capacity, 80-9 runoff, G-14
allowable, 45-2, 50-2 Structural, 47-1 water, 21-1
allowable, bending, 59-15 aluminum, A-115 Subtitle
allowable, sheet piling, 39-4 (tbl) bolt, 65-1 C landfill, 31-3
apparent yield, 43-7 cell, 41-12 D landfill, 31-3
axial, 35-26 compression member cross Suburban
bearing, 45-11, 45-12 section, 61-2 (fig) area, 73-3
bending, 44-11 (fig), 59-2 design, flexible pavement, 76-15 survey, 78-5
biaxial, 85-11 magnesium, A-115 Success, probability, 11-3
block, 50-9 magnesium, properties, A-115 Successive trial, 11-4
buckling, 61-2 number, 76-17 Suction, 18-4
circumferential, 45-4, 45-6 number, pavement, 76-22 head, net positive, 18-14
INDEX - S
combined, 44-5 (fig) plate, corrugated steel pipe, 16-11 head, total, 18-6
concentration, 44-4 rope, 45-21 side, centrifugal pump, 18-2
concentration factor, 44-5 section, G-13 specific speed, 18-16
concentration factor, fatigue, 43-10 shape, 60-1 specific speed available, 18-16
concentration, geometric, 44-4 shape designation, 58-3 (tbl) Sudden
concentration, press-fit, 45-8, 45-9 steel, 58-1, A-115 contraction, 17-13
confining, 35-26 steel, properties, 58-2 (tbl), A-115 enlargement, 17-12, 17-13
contour chart, Boussinesq, A-112, A-113 steel, properties, high Sufficiency rating, bridge, 74-2
corrosion cracking, 22-20, 58-7 temperature, A-151 Sugar, 23-2 (tbl)
critical, 17-12 steel, stress-strain curve, 58-2 (fig) Sulfate
critical, beam, 59-8 steel, type, 58-1, A-150 exposure category S, concrete, 48-10
cyclic, 43-9 (ftn) strand, 45-21 -resistant portland cement, 48-2
cylinder, thick-walled, 45-6 (tbl) tee, 61-2 sulfur, 24-3
design, working, 45-2 Structurally deficient, 74-2 Sulfide
deviator, 35-26 Structure attack, 28-5
effective, 35-14, 35-27, 37-9, 40-5 atomic, 22-2 cadmium, 85-5
engineering, 43-2 cell, 27-1 Sulfur, 24-3
Euler, 45-3 composite, 44-19 -asphalt concrete, 76-29
extreme fiber, 44-11 sediment, 80-11 -extended concrete, 76-29
extreme, shear, 44-6 temporary, 83-9 concrete, 76-29
flexural, 44-11 Stud dioxide, 32-15
longitudinal, 45-5 burn-off, 64-4 in stack gas, 32-4
mean, 43-9 connector, 64-4 low-, coal, 24-5
neutral, 35-14 headed, 64-3 organic, 24-3
normal, 44-2 material, 58-4 oxide, 32-15
overburden, 35-15 shear, 64-3 point, 85-6 (ftn)
physical, 43-5 type B, 64-3, 64-4 pyritic, 24-3
principal, 44-5 Student’s t-distribution, 11-7, A-14 sulfate, 24-3
proof, 43-3 (ftn) Study, replacement, 87-18 trioxide, 24-3, 32-4, 32-15
radial, 35-26 Sub-base, mass diagram, 80-6 Sulfuric acid, 32-4
ratio, cyclic, 40-11 Subautogenous waste, 34-11 (ftn) Sulfurous acid, 32-15
Sulphex, 76-29 stabilization, 32-7 Syndet, 25-7

Sum-of-the-years’ digits temperature, 10-10 Syngas, 24-5, 24-8
depreciation, 87-21, 87-26 tension, 14-11 tire-made, 32-15
depreciation recovery, 87-26 wave, 19-18 Synthesis, 22-6
Sunk cost, 87-3 Surfactant, 32-7 hydrograph, 20-13
Super high-rate filter, 29-9 Surficial, G-14 organic compound, 23-3
Superchlorination, 26-15, G-14 Surge Synthetic
Supercritical flow, 19-16, G-14 chamber, 17-39, 18-24 asphalt, 76-29
Superelevation, 72-8, 72-8 (ftn), 79-7, G-14 pressure, pump, 49-8 detergent, 25-7
railroad, 79-10 tank, 17-39 gas, 24-5, 24-8
rate, 72-8, 79-7 wave, 19-18 hydrograph, 20-11
runoff, 79-8 wave speed, 17-38 latex, 76-5
runoff rate, 79-8 Survey (see also type), 78-5 membrane, 31-4
total, 72-8 class, 78-5 membrane liner, 31-4
transition, 79-8 geodetic, 78-5 organic chemical, 28-14
transition distance, 79-8 marshland, 78-5 polymer, 26-8, 26-9
transition rate, 79-8 mountain, 78-5 resin, 22-22
Superficial photogrammetric, 78-5 textured, 31-5
face velocity, 34-5 plane, 78-5 unit hydrograph, 20-11, 20-12
velocity, 21-4 plane table, 78-5 unit hydrograph, Espey, 20-12
Superheated steam rural, 78-5 zeolite, 26-17
properties, A-65, A-66, A-72 stadia, 78-5 System
Superior performing asphalt suburban, 78-5 Absolute English, 1-4
pavement, 76-15 total station, 78-5 accrual, 87-34
Superload rating level, bridge, 74-3 urban, 78-5 bookkeeping, 87-33
Supernatant, 30-14, 30-16, G-14 zoned, 78-5 budgeting, 86-6
Superpave, 76-2, 76-15 Surveying, 78-1, 78-2 Cartesian coordinate, 7-3
binder grade, 76-3 (tbl) method, 78-5 cash, 87-34
Superplasticizer, 48-3 plane, 78-1 cgs, 1-4
Superposition, 44-17 position, 78-7 closed-loop recovery, 34-4
force, 41-16 route, 78-9 collinear force, 41-6
load, 41-16 static GPS, 78-6 combined, G-4
method, 46-4 Surveyor’s concurrent force, 41-6
of cash flow, 87-10 chain, 78-7 consistent, 3-7
theorem, 10-6 tape correction, 78-8 (tbl) consistent unit, 1-2
Supersaturated solution, 22-11 (ftn) transit, 78-12 coordinate, 7-3, 71-1
Supersonic travel, 14-15 Susceptance, 84-5 coplanar force, 41-6
Supplementary Susceptibility curve, 18-17 (fig)
angle, 6-1 frost, G-7 dependent, 71-12
unit, 1-6 (tbl) Suspended double-entry bookkeeping, 87-33
Supplier, dealing with, 89-2, 89-3 metal, in wastewater, 28-14 double-liner, 31-3
Supplier’s lien, 88-5 solids, 28-6, 29-3 English engineering, 1-2
Supply, operating, 87-33 solids, age, 30-5 English gravitational, 1-3
Support solids, mixed liquor, 30-4 factor, 74-4
lateral, 59-2, 59-3 Suspension, 22-11 fall arrest, 83-7
membrane, 40-10 Sustainable development, ethics, 89-4 force, 41-6
pinned, 41-7 Sutro weir, 19-14 force-couple, 41-4
roller, 41-7 SVI, 30-10, 30-12 general ledger, 87-33 (ftn)
simple, 41-7 Swale, G-14 inconsistent, 3-7
two-dimensional, 41-7 (tbl) Swamee-Jain equation, 17-6 indeterminate, 41-8 (fig)
INDEX - S
type, 41-7 (tbl) Sweet mixture, concrete, 48-2 k-out-of-n, 11-10

Supported membrane, 31-4 Swell, 35-14, 40-4, 80-1, 80-9 linear, 71-2
Suppressed weir, 19-11 factor, 80-1 linear force, 41-4 (fig)
Surcharge, 15-12, G-14 Swelling, 35-25 manual bookkeeping, 87-33 (ftn)
line, 37-8 index, 35-25, 40-4 metric, 1-4
point load, 37-8 Swing check valve, 16-12 mks, 1-5
soil, 37-8 Switching, fuel, 32-15 ML"T, 1-7
strip, 37-8 Symbols, 3-1 numbering, 3-1
uniform load, 37-8 elements, A-83 open-loop recovery, 34-4
Surcharged sewer, G-14 geotextile, A-106, A-107 parallel, 11-9
Surface piping, A-46 parallel force, 41-6
-acting agent, 32-7 (ftn) soil boring, A-106, A-107 performance curve, 18-16
area factor, 76-6 USCS, A-106, A-107 periodic inventory, 87-37
area method, 76-6 well, A-106, A-107 perpetual inventory, 87-37
Class A, 65-3 Symmetrical point of sale, 87-37
Class B, 65-3 even, 9-7 (tbl) rectangular coordinate, 7-3
detention, G-14 full-wave, 9-7 (tbl) rectilinear, 71-2
faying, 22-20, 65-3 function, 7-4 redundant, 11-9
finish, 2-4, 43-11 (fig), 65-3 half-wave, 9-7 (tbl) resultant force-couple, 41-4
finish factor, 43-10 matrix, 4-2 separate, G-13
finish reduction factor, endurance odd, 9-7 (tbl) serial, 11-9
strength, 43-11 (fig) quarter-wave, 9-7 (tbl) sexagesimal, 78-7
flow, 20-7 (ftn) waveform, 9-7 (tbl) staged-air burner, 34-20
free, 16-5 Symmetry staged-fuel burner, 34-20
frictionless, 41-7 curve, type, 7-4 three-dimensional, 41-6
loading, 26-6, 29-7, 29-9 half-wave, 7-4 time, 73-27
loading rate, 29-7 odd, 7-4 unit, 1-2
of revolution, 9-5, 42-3 (fig) rotational, 7-4 voltage, 84-5 (ftn)
recycling, 76-28 Synchronous Systematic
retention, G-14 capacitor, 84-15 error, 85-2
runoff, 20-7 (ftn), 32-14, G-14 motor, 84-15
sealing, 77-12 speed, 18-10, 84-14
I N D E X I-65
T Tap, 85-3 ignition, 24-8

hole, 15-3 maximum flame, 24-15 (ftn)
t-distribution, A-14 Tape maximum theoretical combustion, 24-15
Student’s, 11-7 steel, 78-7 net stack, 24-14
T survey, 78-7 paving, 76-7
-beam design, 50-17 Taper, 73-31 range, bacterial growth, 27-4
-delta rosette, 85-12 channelization, 73-31 reaction, 22-13
-factor, 73-8 downstream, 73-31 reference, 85-6
T250 temperature, 24-3 length, 73-32 rise, 13-4
Table length criteria, 73-32 (tbl) steel, 51-2
cumulative frequency, 11-11 merging, 73-32 surface, 10-10
divided difference, 12-3 (ftn) nonmerging, 73-32 T250, 24-3
factor, A-177, A-178 parabolic, 79-5 transition, 43-15
groundwater, 37-9, 40-5 shifting, 73-32 variation constant, 28-8
INDEX - T
lookup method, beam deflection, 44-17 shoulder, 73-32 Temporary
of indefinite integrals, A-10 two-way traffic, 73-32 benchmark, 78-7
of integrals, 9-1 (ftn) Tapered berm, 80-10
periodic, 22-2, A-84 aeration, 30-3 hardness, 22-21, G-14
precedence, 86-10 diameter changes, 17-13 slope drain, 80-10
standard normal, 11-6 energy, 26-12 structure, 83-9
water, G-15 flocculation, 26-12 traffic control, 73-31
Tacheometric distance measurement, 78-8 Tapeworm, 27-8 traffic control zone, 73-31
Tacheometry, 78-8 Taping, 78-7 traffic control zone section, 73-31 (fig)
Tack coat, G-14 Tar Ten States’ Standards, 28-2, 30-5,
Tail coal, epoxy, 16-11 A-104, A-105
curve, 11-7 pipe coating, 16-11 Tendency, central, 11-12
race, 18-24, G-14 Target Tender mix, 76-5
Tailwater, 18-24, G-14 optimum asphalt content, 76-11 Tendon, 39-5
depression, 18-24 species, 85-3 AASHTO concrete compressive stress
Takeoff, 86-3 substance, 34-2, 85-3 limit, prestressing, 56-8 (tbl)
viewer, 86-3 Targeted chlorination, 32-6 aramid, 56-6
Tandem Task driving, 75-8 bonded, 56-2
curb parking geometry, 73-22 (fig) Taste in water, 26-15 corrosion, 56-6
parking, 73-22 Tax prestress, 56-3
seal, 34-16 bracket, 87-25 prestressing, ASTM, 56-5 (tbl)
Tangency, point of, 79-3 credit, 87-25 stress, 56-7
Tangent Taxation typical cross section for seven-wire
ahead, 79-2 check the box, 88-3 (ftn) prestressing, 56-5 (fig)
back, 79-1, 79-2 double, 88-2 unbonded, 56-2
bulk modulus, 14-14 Taxiway, 73-30 Tensile
curve, 79-1 airport, 79-21 capacity, pile, 38-4, 38-5
departure, 79-2 high-speed, 73-31 ductile failure, type, 43-5 (fig)
distance, 79-2 (tbl), 79-5 Taxonomy, G-14 force, 41-16
forward, 79-2 Taylor slope stability, 40-7 (fig) strain, net, 50-5
hyperbolic, 6-4, 6-5 chart, 40-7 strength, 43-3, 58-2
law of, 6-5 Taylor’s strength test, splitting, 48-6 (fig)
modulus, 48-5 formula, 8-8 strength, splitting, 48-6
offset, 79-5 (fig) series, 8-8 stress, 60-1, 65-4
offset, spiral, 79-18 TCLP, 32-2 stress limit, prestressed concrete,
plane, 8-5 Technique, safety management, 75-10 AASHTO, 56-7 (tbl)
point, 7-2 Technology test, 43-2
resistance, 75-5 best available, 34-2 test performance, typical,
runoff, 79-8 best available control, 34-2 plastic, 43-11 (fig)
runout, 79-8 maximum available control, 34-2 zone, bridge beam, 56-8 (fig)
Tangential, 71-9 reasonably available control, 34-2 Tensiometer, 21-2
acceleration, 71-8 Tee-beam (see also T-beam), 50-17 Tension
stress, 45-4 Telecommunication device for the cable, 72-13
turbine, 18-21 (ftn) deaf, 82-11 cable, guardrail, 75-13
velocity, 18-22, 71-8 Telecommunications Relay Service cable, suspended mass, 72-13 (fig)
wheel, 18-21 (ftn) (TRS), 82-11 connection, 65-6
Tangible personal property, 87-20 (ftn) Telescope, 78-9 connection, concentric, 66-4
Tank Telescopic instrument, 78-5 connection, nonconcentric, 66-5
above-ground storage, 33-1 Teletypewriter, 82-11 -controlled section, 50-5
aeration, 30-8 Temperature direct-, indicating, 45-13
contact, 30-4 adiabatic flame, 24-15 field action, 63-2, 63-3
detritus, 29-6 air, mean annual, 76-16 field action equation, 63-3
discharge, 17-16, 17-17 (fig) and pressure, normal, 24-3 force, 41-16
pressurized, 17-18 asphalt, 76-11 (fig) member, 60-1 (fig), 60-7
reactor, 34-7 autoignition, 24-8 member analysis, 60-4, 60-5 (fig)
sedimentation, 26-5 average daily air, 49-6 member design, 60-6
septic, 29-2 coefficient, 85-5 member design, LRFD, 60-6 (fig)
skimming, 29-7 combustion, 24-15 member, staggered holes, 60-2 (fig)
spherical, 45-6 conversion, SI, A-3, A-5 member, uniform thickness, unstaggered
stabilization, 30-4 deflection, 43-11 holes, 60-2 (fig)
storage, 33-1 detectors, resistance, 85-5 member, unstaggered row of
surge, 17-39 dissociation, 24-15 (ftn) holes, 60-2 (fig)
thick-walled (see also Cylinder, thick- ductile transition, 43-15 pier, 44-12 (fig)
walled), 45-5, 45-6 effect on output, 85-13 pile, 38-5
thin-walled, 45-4 flame, 24-15 steel, 50-5 (fig)
time to empty, 17-19 flue gas, 24-14 steel, extreme, 50-5
underground, 32-15 fracture appearance transition, 43-15 stress, diagonal, 50-20
upflow, 26-12 fracture transition, plastic, 43-15 surface, 14-11
Tensioned soil pressure, 37-2 R-, 35-28 Thermal

Tensor, 5-1 ratio, 3-12 ballast, 34-13
Term rebound, 43-14 coefficient of expansion, 14-13 (ftn)
confinement, 55-5 Rockwell hardness, 43-13 cracking, 24-2
general, 3-10 S-, 35-28 deflection temperature, 43-11
in a sequence, 3-10 Scleroscopic hardness, 43-14 deformation, 44-3
Terminal scratch hardness, 43-13 desorption, 34-22
pavement serviceability index, 76-20 settling column, 26-6 efficiency, 24-16
point, 5-1 Shore hardness, 43-14 energy, 13-4 (ftn)
serviceability index, 76-17 sieve, 35-2 expansion, area, 44-4 (fig)
value, 87-16 single strength, 49-1 expansion, coefficient, 44-4
velocity, 17-43, 72-19 sliding plate viscometer, 14-6 load, 47-3
Terminology slow, 35-28 -mechanical controlled processing, 58-6
INDEX - T
facility, 73-2 slump, 48-4 NOx, 32-9

Terms soil, standard, 35-16 resistance, coefficient, 85-6
harmonic, 9-7 specimen, 43-2 (ftn) strain, 44-4
separation of, 9-3 splitting tensile strength, 48-6 Thermistor, 85-5
Ternary SPT, 35-16 Thermocline, G-14
acid, 22-4 stabilometer, 35-32 Thermocouple, 85-6
compound, 22-4 stress-rupture, 43-16 material, 85-7
Tertiary tensile, 43-2 thermoelectric constants, A-175, A-176
compound, 22-4 third-point loading, flexure, 77-6 Thermodynamic disc steam trap, 16-14
creep, 43-16 three-edge bearing, 16-11 Thermoelectric constant,
pond, 29-4 torsion, 43-8 85-7, A-175, A-176
treatment, 29-3 triaxial, 35-26 Thermometer, resistance, 85-5
Terzaghi ultrasonic, 43-14 Thermophile, 27-6 (tbl)
bearing capacity factor, 36-3 unconfined compressive strength, 35-29 Thermophilic bacteria, G-14
factor, 36-3 (tbl) unconsolidated-undrained, 35-28 Thermopile, 85-7
-Meyerhof equation, 36-3 UU, 35-28 Thermostatic steam trap, 16-14
Test (see also type) vane-shear, 35-29 Thick-walled cylinder, 45-5, 45-6
ASTM, soil, 35-17 (tbl) Vickers, 43-13 Thickening
Atterberg limit, 35-3, 35-21 Testing batch gravity, 30-14
BOD, 27-9, 28-9 boiler feedwater, 22-24 dissolved air flotation, 30-14
Brinell hardness, 43-13 dye penetrant, 82-4 gravity, 30-14
CD, 35-28 hypothesis, 75-12 gravity belt, 30-15
Charpy, 43-15 laboratories, 82-3 sludge, 30-14
chi-squared, 75-12 magnetic particle, 82-4 Thickness
comparison, 3-12 Marshall, 76-11 (fig) base plate, 61-10
concrete strength, 49-1 nuclear gauge, 76-9 effective throat, 45-14
cone penetrometer, 35-18 standards, 82-3 minimum, asphalt, 76-24 (tbl)
confined compression, 35-24 ultrasonic, 82-4 minimum, pavement, 76-22, 76-25
confirmed, G-5 Textured synthetic cap, 31-5 Thiem equation, 21-6
consolidated-drained, 35-28 Thaw, freeze, 48-10 Thiessen method, 20-2
consolidated-undrained, 35-28 Theis equation, 21-7 Thin
consolidation, 35-24 Theodolite, 78-9, 78-12, G-14 overlay, 77-13
constant-head, 35-23 Theorem, 10-6 -walled tank, 45-4
CPT, 35-18 Bayes’, 11-4 Thiobacillus, 28-5
CU, 35-28 binomial, 3-3 Third
destructive, 43-14, 82-4 Buckingham pi-, 1-10 -point loading, 48-6
direct shear, 35-25 buoyancy, 15-16 -point loading flexure test, 77-6
double-ring infiltration, 21-9 Cauchy-Schwartz, 5-3 moment about the mean, 11-14
falling-head, 35-23 central limit, 11-14 Thixotropic
fatigue, 43-9 de Moivre’s, 3-8 fluid, 14-7
field density, 35-21 Green’s, 2-4 liquid, 14-7
financial, 87-34, 87-35 Kutta-Joukowsky, 17-41 Thixotropy, G-14
fire resistivity, 82-4 linearity, 10-6 THM, 25-10
for convergence, 3-12 of calculus, fundamental, 9-4 Thompson effect, 85-7 (ftn)
hardness, 43-13, 43-14 (tbl) of Fourier, 9-7 Thoracic fraction, 32-7
Hveem’s resistance value, 35-31 of Pappus, 9-5 Thread
hydrometer, 35-2 of Pappus-Guldinus, 42-3 angle, helix, 45-14
hypothesis, 11-15 parallel axis, 42-4, 70-2 half angle, 45-14
impact, 43-15 perpendicular axis, 42-6 Threaded
in-place density, 35-21 Pythagorean, 6-2 fitting, 17-12 (ftn)
Knoop, 43-13 superposition, 10-6 member, tension, 60-7
Los Angeles abrasion, 76-4 time-shifting, 10-6 Three
Marshall mix design, 76-12 (fig) transfer axis, 42-4 -dimensional equilibrium, 41-21
Meyer, 43-13 Varignon’s, 41-3 -dimensional mensuration, A-9
Meyer-Vickers, 43-13 Theoretical -edge bearing test, 16-11
Mohs, 43-13 horsepower, 17-15 -force member, 41-7
nondestructive, 43-11, 43-12, 43-14, 82-4 yield, 22-9 -moment equation, 46-5
oedometer, 35-24 Theory -phase electricity, 84-10
penetration, 35-16 Coulomb earth pressure, 37-3, 37-5 -phase signal, 73-14
penetration, standard, 36-7 distortion energy, 43-8 -reservoir problem, 17-22
permeability, 35-23 log-spiral, 37-3 Threshold
plastic, 43-10, 43-11 maximum shear stress, 43-8 level value, 83-4, 83-6
plate bearing value, 35-31 Prandtl’s boundary layer, 17-44 odor number, 26-15, G-14
power of the, 11-15 probability, 11-2 vector, 31-5
presumptive, G-11 queuing, 73-27 Throat
Proctor, 35-18, 35-19 Rankine earth pressure, 37-3, 37-5 effective weld, 45-14
proof, 11-9 von Mises, 43-8 size, effective, 45-14
Q-, 35-28 Therm (unit), 13-1 thickness, 66-2
quick, 35-28 thickness, effective, 45-14
I N D E X I-67
Throttling Tipping fee, 31-2 energy line, 17-15

discharge, 18-18 (fig) Tire fixed solids, 25-9
service, 16-12 coefficient of friction, 75-5 float, G-14
Thumb penetration test, 83-3 -derived fuel, 24-4 hardness, 22-21
Tie, 39-5 discarded, 32-15 head, 16-2, 18-6, 18-7
bar spacing, pavement, 77-7, 77-10 (fig) Titania, 24-3 (ftn) head added, 18-7
bar spacing, PCC pavement, 77-10 (fig) Titration, 25-2 incidence rate, 83-2
bar, pavement, 77-7 TKN, 28-14 Kjeldahl nitrogen, 28-14
form, 49-6 Toe, 37-12 lime, 26-9
lateral, masonry column, 69-2 circle failure, 40-7 metal (in wastewater), 28-14
pintle, 68-16 dam, 15-11, 15-12 nitrogen, 25-8, 28-14
rod, 39-5 excavation, 39-2 phosphorous, 25-7
wall, 68-14 kick-out, 39-5 pressure, 16-2, 37-9
Tieback, 39-5 retaining wall, 54-4 rainfall, 20-17
INDEX - T
Tied wash-out, 39-5 ramp density, 73-9
bulkhead, 39-4, 39-5 Tolerance, 2-4 removed fraction, 26-6
column, 52-2 Ton (see also Threshold odor residual chlorine, 32-6, 34-8
Tile number), 1-7, 26-15, G-14 residual oxidant, 29-13
bed, 29-2 explosive, 1-7 solids, 25-9, 28-6
field, 29-2 freight, 1-7 specific energy, 16-2 (ftn)
Till, G-14 long, 1-7, A-3, A-4 station survey, 78-5
glacial, G-7 measurement, 1-7 station, automatic, 78-5
Time (see also type) metric, 1-7 station, manual, 78-5
base, 20-7 of explosive power, 1-7 strain, 0.5%, 43-4
bed residence, 34-7 refrigeration, 1-7, A-3, A-5 stress, 35-14
braking perception-reaction, 75-6 short, 1-7, A-3, A-4 suction head, 18-6, 18-7
constant, 3-11 Tonnage, 74-2 superelevation, 72-8
-cost trade-off, 86-9 rating, railroad, 75-4 suspended solids, 25-9
crash, 86-9 Tonne, 1-7 volatile solids, 25-9
decoloration, 28-13 Top Tough material, 43-1, 43-7
-dependent loss, 56-4 cap, 31-5 Toughness, 43-7, 43-14, 58-2
detention, 26-6, 29-7 chord, 61-1 elastic, 43-7
doubling, 3-11, 87-8 plate construction, 65-8 (fig) modulus of, 43-7
doubling, interest rate, 87-9 (tbl) tower, crane, 83-10 notch, 43-14, 43-15
e-folding, 3-11 Topographic map, 78-21 (fig) test, 43-14
exposure, 34-8, 34-9 symbols, 78-21 (fig) Tower
factor, 40-5 Topography, G-14 cooling, 32-6
factors, consolidation, 40-5 Torque, 41-2, 47-3 crane, 83-10 (fig)
filtration, 34-6 bolt, 45-13 oxidation, 29-9
float, 86-11 coefficient, 45-13 packed, 34-3, 34-20
hydraulic detention, 30-8 conversion, SI, A-3, A-5 spray, 34-2, 34-20
lag, 20-11 electrical motor, 84-12 top, crane, 83-10
lost, 73-15 hydrostatic, 15-11 tray, 34-20
mean cell residence, 30-8 meter, 85-13, 85-14 Town gas, 24-8 (ftn)
mean residence, 29-7, 32-9 on a gate, 15-11 Township, 78-20, G-14
mean speed, 73-3, G-14 pump shaft, 18-11 number, 78-20
mission, 11-9 shaft, 45-14 subdivision, 78-20 (fig)
of concentration, 20-3, G-14 Torr, A-3, A-4 Toxaphene, 32-12
per unit, average, 87-43 Torricelli equation, 17-17 Toxic air, 32-2
perception-reaction, 79-10 Torricelli’s speed of efflux, 17-17 Toxicity, 25-8
periodic, 72-20 Torsion characteristic leaching procedure
PIEV, 75-6 angle, 43-8, 45-14 (TCLP), 32-2
PRT, 75-6 balance, Du Nouy, 14-11 (ftn) Toxin, G-14
residence, 34-8, 34-9 dynamometer, 85-13 Trace organic, 29-3
retention, 26-6, 29-7 noncircular shape, 45-16 Tracking, fast, 86-9
retention, hydraulic, 30-7 shell, 45-15 Tract, 78-20
rule, 79-9 solid member, 45-16 Tractive
-series analysis, 9-8 (ftn) test, 43-8 effort, 75-3
service, 73-27 Torsional force, 75-3
-shifting theorem, 10-6 axis, 45-17 force, locomotive, 75-4
slack, 86-11 buckling, 59-4, 61-2 Trade-in allowance, 87-18
-space diagram, 73-19 buckling, lateral, 59-3 difference, 87-18
-space diagram bandwidth, 73-20 (fig) center, 45-17 Traditional organochlorine pesticide, 32-12
-space diagram construction, 73-19 (fig) constant, 59-4 Traditionality, 75-10
stabilization, 28-13 eccentricity, 45-17 Traffic (see also type), 73-3, 76-16
system, 73-27 shear, 66-6 -activated controller, 73-20
to double, 87-8 stiffness, computation, 51-7 -activated timing, 73-20
to empty tank, 17-19 Tort, 88-6 calming, 73-27
to peak, 20-11 action, 88-6 control zone, temporary, 73-31
to triple, 87-8 strict liability in, 88-7 control, temporary, 73-31
tripling, 87-8 Torus formula, A-9 design, 76-17
tripling, interest rate, 87-9 (tbl) Torvane shear vane test, 83-3 recorder, automatic, 73-6
value of money, 87-5 Total signal, resonant cycle, 73-16
waiting, 73-27 active resultant, 37-3 space, 73-32
-weighted average, 83-8 air void, 76-9 volume data, 75-15, 75-16
Time-dependent loss, 56-4 coliform, 27-8 Trailer, aggregate, 80-9
Timing cost, 87-33 Train, cold, 76-28
on demand, 73-20 density, soil, 35-7 Tranquil, flow, 19-16, G-14
traffic-activated, 73-20 discharge head, 18-7 Transaction, short-term, 87-3
Tip dissolved solids, 25-9, 26-19 (tbl) Transcendental function
resistance, 38-2 dynamic head, 18-7 circular, 6-2
speed, 18-4 energy, 16-2, 16-4
integral of, 9-1 steam, float, 16-14 special, 6-2

derivative, 8-2 steam, inverted bucket, 16-14 spherical, 6-6
Transducer, 15-2, 85-3 steam, thermodynamic disc, 16-14 Triangular
potentiometer, 85-3 steam, thermostatic, 16-14 channel, 19-7
Transfer Trapezoid formula, A-7, A-8 matrix, 4-2
axis theorem, 42-4 Trapezoidal pressure distribution, 39-1
efficiency, 26-4 channel, 19-7, 19-8, 19-9 unit hydrograph, 20-12
efficiency, oxygen, 30-9 channel conveyance factor, A-84, A-87 weir, 19-13
heat, 30-17 cross section, 19-8 (fig) Triangulation, 78-5
load, 77-7 loading curve, 41-6 station, 78-7
truck, 80-9 rule, 7-1, 78-17 Triaxial stress test, 35-26
unit, 34-22 weir, 19-13 Triazine, 32-12
unit method, 34-22 Trash, 24-4 Trichlorophenol, 25-10
INDEX - T
unit, height of, 34-22 rack, 26-3, 29-6 Trickling filter, 29-8
units, number, 34-19 Trashphalt, 76-29 Trigonometric
Transform Travel form, 3-7
fast Fourier, 9-8 hypersonic, 14-15 function, 6-2
Laplace, 10-5, A-11 speed, 73-4 functions in a unit circle, 6-3 (fig)
Transformation supersonic, 14-15 identity, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5
coefficient of, 5-3 transonic, 14-15 Trigonometry, spherical, 6-5, 6-6
matrix, 5-3 Traveled Trihalomethane, 25-10
Transformed moment of inertia, 50-15 distance, 71-3 Trihedral angle, 6-6
Transformer, 84-6 way, G-14 Trilateration, 78-5
Transgranular, 22-20 Traverse, 78-13 Trimetric view, 2-3
Transit, 78-9, 78-12 angle, 78-13 (fig) Trioxide, sulfur, 24-3, 32-15
engineer’s, 78-12 area, 78-16, 78-17 Trip generation, 73-5
rule, 78-15 closed, 78-13 Triphosphate, adenosine, G-1
surveyor’s, 78-12 closure, 78-15 (fig) Triple
Transition closure error, 78-5 (tbl) cross product, 5-5
channel, 19-16 Crandall rule, balancing, 78-15 integral, 9-3
curve, 79-18 least squares, balancing, 78-15 product, mixed, 5-4, 5-5
distance, superelevation, 79-8 open, 78-13 scalar product, 5-5
element, 22-3 partial, 78-16 (fig) Triplex pump, 18-2
metal, 22-3 (ftn) pitot tube, G-11 Tripling time, 87-8, 87-9
rate, 79-8 Tray tower, 34-20 interest rate, 87-9 (tbl)
region, 16-7 Treatment Tripod, 41-22 (fig)
section, 50-5 advanced wastewater, 29-3 Tritium, 22-2
superelevation, 79-8 all-volatile, 22-24 Trivial solution, 3-7 (ftn)
temperature, 43-15 caustic phosphate, 22-24 Trolley crane, 83-10
temperature, ductile, 43-15 efficiency, 30-6 Tropopause, 15-14 (ftn)
trench width, 40-9 facility, 33-2 Troposphere, 15-14 (ftn)
zone, 30-14 highway safety, 75-15 Truck
Translation, pure, 72-2 leachate, 31-8 equivalent, 73-7
Transmissible vector, 5-1 (ftn) method, water supply, 26-4 (tbl) factor, 76-17
Transmission partial, G-10 HL-93, 76-18
dynamometer, 85-13 penetration, G-11 HS20-44, 76-18
gear ratio, 75-3 plant, wastewater, 29-3 loading type, 76-19 (fig)
rope, 45-21 preliminary, 29-3 loading, standard, 76-19
waterborne disease, 27-10 primary, 29-3 standard, 76-18
Transmissivity, 21-3, G-14 secondary, 29-3 transfer, 80-9
coefficient of, 21-3 shock, 28-5 type, standard, 76-18
Transmittance tertiary, 29-3 True
smoke, 32-15 wastewater, 34-22 color, in water, 25-8
Transonic travel, 14-15 zero-solids, 22-24 meridian, 78-12
Transpiration, G-14 Tremie, concrete, 40-10 strain, 43-5
Transport Trench stress, 43-5
airport, 79-21 anchor, 31-4 Trumpet interchange, 73-25
cell, 27-2 cement bentonite slurry, 40-10 Trunk, 28-2
loss, 80-9 method, landfill, 31-2 Truss, 41-12
Transportation shield, 83-3 bridge, 41-12, 41-13 (fig)
network, 75-2, 75-15 slurry, 40-10 deflection, 44-17, 47-4
network screening, 75-17 width, transition, 40-9 determinate, 41-13
network diagnosis, 75-17 Trenching, 39-1, 83-3 indeterminate, 46-7
project, 75-15 safety, 83-3 pipe, 16-10, 28-4
Transpose, 4-5 Trenchless method, 40-11 rigid, 41-12
Transverse Trenchsheet, 39-4 transverse load, 41-16
axis, 7-11 Trestle, 41-13 type, 41-13 (fig)
component, 71-9 Triad, Cartesian, 5-2 Tschebotarioff trapezoidal pressure
force, beam, 44-11 Triadimenol, 32-12 distribution, 39-2
joint spacing, 77-11 Trial, 11-2 TSS, A-104, A-105
joint spacing, pavement, 77-11 (tbl) batch method, 49-2 Tube (see also Tubing)
load, truss, 41-16 mix method, 49-2 impact, 16-4
loading, 41-16 successive, 11-4 laminar, 26-6
pitot tube, G-11 Triangle, 6-2 piezometer, 15-2
pressure, 17-28 formula, A-7 pitot, 16-4
reinforcement index, 55-5 general, 6-5 (fig) stagnation, 16-4
sensitivity factor, 85-9 oblique, 6-5 static pressure, 15-2
truss member load, 41-16 (fig) oblique, equations, A-172 Tubing
velocity, 71-9 Pascal’s, 3-3 copper, 16-9
Trap right, 6-2 dimensions, brass and copper, A-48
sand, G-12 similar, 6-2 dimensions, BWG, A-49
steam, 16-14 dimensions, copper, A-47
I N D E X I-69
dimensions, seamless steel, boiler, A-49 -n flow, culvert, 19-29 acceleration formulas, 71-4 (tbl)
dimensions, steel, boiler, A-49 number, 3-1 annual cost, equivalent, 87-7
Tubular of flow, 19-2 attack corrosion, 22-19
ESP, 34-8 (ftn) of view, 2-1 bar in torsion, 43-9 (fig)
flow, 30-6 structural bolt, 45-9 (ftn) exam, 90-2
Tunnel, wind, 17-42 structural steel, 58-1, A-150 flow, 16-9, 19-2, 19-4, 19-6, G-14
Turbid water, 25-9 valve, 16-13 (fig) gradient factor, 87-8
Turbidity, 25-8, G-14 Typical section, 80-3 load surcharge, 37-8
unit, G-14 motion, 71-3
unit, nephelometric, 25-8, G-10 series cash flow, 87-3
Turbine, 17-15 U Uniform Building Code, 58-5 (ftn), 82-1
axial-flow, 18-24 (fig) Uniformity coefficient
axial-flow reaction, 18-23 U of, 21-5
-tube manometer (see also Hazen, 35-2
INDEX - U
Francis, 18-23
high-head, 18-21 Manometer), 15-2 Uninterrupted flow, 73-3
impulse, 17-36, 18-21 -waste, 32-2 Union, set, 11-1
UBC, 82-1 Unit
meter, 17-27 UL, 82-3
mixed-flow reaction, 18-23 circle, 6-1
label, 82-3 hydrograph, 20-8
power, 17-36, 18-22 Ultimate
propeller, 18-23 hydrograph, Espey 10-minute, 20-13
analysis, 22-5, 22-6, 24-2 hydrograph, NRCS dimensionless, 20-12
radial-flow reaction, 18-23
reaction, 18-23 bearing capacity, 36-3 hydrograph, synthetic, 20-11, 20-12
runner, 18-21 BOD, 28-9 hydrograph, synthetic, Espey, 20-12
specific speed, 18-21 CO2, 24-13 hydrograph, triangular, 20-12
tangential, 18-21 (ftn) load, 47-2 hyperbola, 6-5
type, 18-23 plastic moment, 59-12 impulse function, 10-6
Turbulent flow, 16-7, 17-5 shear, 59-12 load method, 44-18
Turning static bearing capacity, pile, 38-1 matrix, 4-2
point, 79-12 strength, 43-3, 45-2 process, G-15
radius, 73-3 strength design, 44-2 (ftn), 59-8 sphere, 6-6
Turnout, G-14 strength, pipe, 40-9 steel, 58-1
Turns ratio, 84-6 Ultra step function, 10-6
Turntable crane, 83-10 -low NOx burner, 34-15 strength method, 67-3
TWA, 83-8 -thin whitetopping, 76-29 transfer, 34-22
Twaddell scale, 14-5 (ftn) Ultrafilter, 26-14 vector, 5-2, 41-2
Twist Ultrasonic vector, Cartesian, 5-2 (fig)
angle, 43-8, 45-14 flowmeter, 17-28 weight, 14-5, 35-7
center, 45-17 test, 43-14 weight coefficient, 49-8
-off bolt, 65-1 testing, 82-4 weight, concrete, 48-4
Two Ultrasound imaging test, 43-12 weight, dry, at zero air voids, 35-18
-angle formula, 6-4 Ultraviolet radiation, 26-21 width flow, 73-21
-dimensional mechanism, 41-20 Unaccounted-for water, 26-25 United States Rectangular Surveying
-dimensional mensuration, A-7 Unadjusted basis, 87-21 System, 78-20
-dimensional reaction, 41-8 Unavailable combined residual, 28-13 Units
-dimensional space, vector in, 5-1 (fig) Unbalanced angstrom, A-1, A-2
-force member, 41-6, 41-12 centrifugal ratio, 79-7 base, 1-5
-lane highway, 73-12 force, 41-1, 72-4 chemical concentration, 22-11
lines, angle, 7-8 Unbiased estimator, 11-12, 11-13 consistent system of, 1-2
-metal corrosion, 22-18 Unbonded derived, 1-6 (tbl)
-phase signal, 73-14 strain gauge, 85-8 (ftn) flow rate, pedestrian, 73-21
-point form, 7-5 tendon, 56-2 nephelometric turbidity, 25-8, G-10
points, distance, 7-7 Unbraced non-SI, 1-7
-sided weaving section, single-lane column, 53-2, 53-5 number of transfer, 34-19
ramp, 73-26 frame, 53-2 (fig) of pressure, 14-2
-sided weaving segment, 73-26,73-27 (fig) length versus available primary, 1-7
-stage process, 26-16 moment, 59-3 (fig) of production depreciation, 87-22
-stage trickling filter, 29-10 Unburned fuel loss, 24-16 shaft friction, 38-3
-tail confidence limit, 11-15 Uncertainty analysis, 87-44 SI, 1-5
-way drainage, 40-5 Unconfined SI conversion, A-3
-way shear, 55-3 aquifer, 21-1, 21-2 SI derived, 1-5, 1-6
-way slab, 51-5 (fig), 51-7 (fig), 51-8 compressive strength test, 35-29 stream power, G-15
-way traffic taper, 73-32 Unconsolidated-undrained test, 35-28 supplementary, 1-6 (tbl)
-wire joint reinforcement, 67-7 Unconstrained motion, 72-11 (fig) turbidity, G-14
Type Under-reinforced beam, 50-6 velocity, 21-4 (ftn)
1 connection, 65-7 Underground Unity equation, 68-8
2 connection, 65-7 storage tank, 32-15 Universal
3 connection, 65-7 water, 21-1 constant, Newton’s, 72-20
3 truck, 74-3 Undersaturated condition, 73-28 gas constant, 14-10
3-3 truck, 74-3 Underwriters Laboratories, 82-3 gravitation, Newton’s law of, 72-20
3-S2 truck, 74-3 Undetermined coefficients, method mill plate width tolerance, 58-3 (tbl)
I building, 82-8 of, 3-6, 10-4 set, 11-1
I error, 11-14 Undivided highway, 73-3 Transverse Mercator, 78-5, 78-22
I settling, 26-5 (ftn) Undrained case, 36-5 Universe, 11-3
II error, 11-15 Unequal Unloading
II settling, 26-5 (ftn) angle, 61-1 and reloading curve, 43-7 (fig)
V building, 82-8 tangent vertical curve, 79-17 curve, 43-7
arrival, 73-16 Unfilled composite grid deck, 57-4 Unreinforced
A soil, 83-2 Unified masonry, 68-3
B soil, 83-2, 83-3 method, 50-3 membrane, 31-4
B stud, 64-3, 64-4 Soil Classification System, 35-4,35-6 (tbl) Unsaturated hydrocarbon, 23-2 (tbl), 24-1
C soil, 83-3 strength design method, 50-3 Unshored construction, 57-3, 64-2
cover, 20-17 Uniform Unstable equilibrium, 72-2
acceleration, 71-3
Unsteady flow, well, 21-6 residual, 86-7, 87-16 Varied flow, 19-21, G-15
Unstiffened element, 61-6 resistance, soil, 35-31 Varignon’s theorem, 41-3
Unsupported root-mean-squared, 11-12 Varve, G-15
length, steel beam, 59-4 salvage, 87-18 Varved clay, 40-4
membrane, 31-4 stabilometer, 76-14 Varying
Unsymmetrical standard normal, 11-6, 11-12 mass, 72-19
bending, beam, 59-15 terminal, 87-16 n-value, 19-5
bending, case, 59-15 (fig) Valve, 16-12 Vaulting, 75-13
vertical curve, 79-17 air release, 16-12 VBI, 14-16
Unwatering, 80-11 air, siphon, 16-14 VBN, 14-16
Upflow tank, 26-12 altitude, 26-24, 26-25 Vector, 5-1
Upgrade angle, 16-12 addition, 5-3
coal, 24-5 angle lift, 16-12 biological, 31-5
specific, highway, 73-12 antireversal, 16-12 bound, 5-1 (ftn)
Upheaving, pavement, 76-5 ball, 16-12 Cartesian unit, 5-2
Uplift, G-15 butterfly, 16-12 characteristic, 4-8
force, 21-9 characteristics, 16-13 cross product, 5-4 (fig)
pressure, 21-9 check, 16-12 dot product, 5-3 (fig)
Upper combination air, 16-14 equal, 5-1
bound, 9-4 diagram, 16-13 (tbl) equivalent, 5-1 (ftn)
confidence limit, 78-2 double orifice air, 16-14 field, curl, 8-7
Upstream control, 19-21 eccentric plug, 16-12 field, divergence, 8-7
Urban equivalent length, A-56 fixed, 5-1 (ftn)
area, 73-3 flow coefficient, 17-13 function, 5-5
interchange, 73-25 gate, 16-12 gradient, 8-5
INDEX - V
roadway, 73-3 globe, 16-12 image, 78-7

street, 73-3, 73-14 lift, 16-12 in two-dimensional space, 5-1 (fig)
survey, 78-5 make-or-break, 16-14 inertia, 70-2, 72-5 (ftn)
Urea, 32-10 (ftn), 34-19 (ftn) needle, 16-12 load, 47-12
carbamide, 32-10 nonreverse flow, 16-12 multiplication, 5-3
Usage, electrical, 84-7 plug, 16-12 normal line, 8-6
USCS, 35-4, 35-6 (tbl) plug cock, 16-12 normal to plane, 7-6
symbols, A-106, A-107 pressure-relief, 17-39 orthogonal, 5-3
Use, critical, halon, 32-6 relief, 16-12 phasor form, 5-2
Useful life, 87-20 (ftn) safety, 16-12 polar form, 5-2
USSWG wire, 67-7 safety relief, 16-12 position, 41-3
UST, 32-15 safety, full-lift, 16-12 rectangular form, 5-2
UTC, G-15 safety, high-lift, 16-12 resultant, 5-3
Utility, 75-10 safety, low-lift, 16-12 sliding, 5-1 (ftn)
airport, 79-21 shutoff service, 16-12 threshold, 31-5
Utilization factor, 73-28 slow-closing, 17-39 transmissible, 5-1 (ftn)
UU test, 35-28 swing, 16-12 triple product, 5-5
throttling service, 16-12 unit, 5-2, 41-2
type, 16-13 (fig) Vehicle
V vacuum, 16-14 design, 73-3
Y-, 16-12 dynamics, 75-2
V-belt, 72-7 Vane, 17-35 equivalent, 73-7
V-notch weir, 19-13 -shear apparatus, 35-29 escort, 74-3
Vacuole, 27-2 -shear test, 35-29 factor, 75-8
Vacuum, 14-3 Vapor high-occupancy, 73-7
drum filter, 30-18 condensing, 34-22 image size, relative, 75-9 (fig)
extraction, 34-22 incinerator, 34-15 impact modeling, 75-13
sewer system, 28-4 pressure, 14-9 period, 73-20
valve, 16-14 pressure head, 18-6 pilot, 74-3
Vadose pressure, Reid, 32-8 recreation, 73-7
water, G-15 Variable, 3-2 shadow, 73-32
zone, 21-1, G-15 -area meter, 17-27 standard design, 76-18
Valence, 22-1, G-15 -capacitance transducer, 85-4 type, 73-7
Value (see also type) cost, 86-9, 87-32 Vehicular volume warrant,
alpha-, 85-5 dependent, 3-2 signalization, 73-18
analysis, 87-44 dimension of, 1-8 (tbl) Veil, corporate, piercing, 88-3
average (by integration), 9-4, 87-30 independent, 3-2 Velocity, 71-3
book, 87-23 -inductance transducer, 85-4 absolute, 71-10
boundary, 10-1 matrix, 4-6 acoustic, 14-14
characteristic, 4-8 -reluctance transducer, 85-4 actual filtering, 34-6
effective, 84-4 resistor, 85-3 angular, 71-7
engineering, 86-2, 87-44 sensitivity, 87-44 apparent, 21-4
excess, 75-17 -slope method, 20-8 areal, 72-20
expected, 11-8, 78-2, 87-30 standard normal, 11-12 average, 16-8
face, 87-29 Variance bulk, 16-8
heating, 24-14 account, 87-36 burnout, 72-19
influence, 40-2 burden, 87-36 centerline, 16-8
initial, 9-4, 10-1 sample, 11-13 coefficient of, 17-17, 17-29
instantaneous, 71-2 Variate, standard normal, 11-12 conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
limiting, 3-9 Variation critical, 19-18, 26-6, G-5
market, 87-23 coefficient of, 11-13 critical settling, 26-7
most likely, 78-2 in water demand, 26-22 critical, sludge, 18-5, 18-6
nominal, 50-4 magnetic, 78-12 Darcian, 21-4
of money, time, 87-5 Manning’s constant, 19-5 Darcy, 21-4
of z, 11-15 (tbl) of parameters, 10-4 -dependent force, 72-18
present, 87-5 (ftn) seasonal, 38-3 design filtering, 34-5
probable, 78-2 wastewater flow, 28-2 (tbl) difference, relative, 17-35
R-, 35-32
I N D E X I-71
discharge, 21-4 curve, symmetrical parabolic, 79-12 (fig) Viscous

distribution, 16-7, 16-8 (fig), 19-2 curve, through point, 79-13, 79-14 coefficient, 72-19
distribution, laminar, 16-8 (fig) curve, unequal tangent, 79-17 damping, coefficient of, 72-19
distribution, turbulent, 16-8 (fig) curve, unsymmetrical, 79-17 drag, 72-18
drift, 34-8, 34-9 dilution of position, 78-6 flow, 16-7
effective, 21-4 exaggeration, 78-21 Vision, 75-9
effective drift, 34-9 -lagging cofferdam, 39-8 center of, 2-3
energy, 16-1 (ftn) lift bridge, 57-4 peripheral, 75-9
equivalent, 21-3 multiplier, 83-7, 83-8 Visit, site, 86-3
escape, 72-21 plane surface, hydrostatic pressure Visual
face, 34-5 on, 15-7 (fig) acuity, 75-9
filtering, 34-5 point, 78-19 depth, 75-9
flooding, 34-2 soil pressure, 37-3 -optical process, 43-12
flow front, 21-4 Vesic factor, 36-3, 36-4 (tbl) search, 75-9
flow-through, 26-5 VFA, 76-9 Vitrification, 34-4, 34-22, G-15
gradient, 14-6, 17-14, 26-11 requirement, 76-16 (tbl) Vitrified clay pipe, 16-9, 28-4
gross filtering, 34-5 Vibration, concrete, 49-5 VMA, 76-9
Hazen-Williams, 19-6 Vibratory roller, 76-8 criterion, mix design, 76-13 (fig)
head, 18-6 VIC, 32-16 requirement, 76-16 (tbl)
jet, 17-17 Vicat softening point, 43-11 VOC, 28-14, 32-14, 32-15, 32-16
lifting, water, 21-5 Vickers test, 43-13 Void
linear, 21-4 View air, 76-9
maximum, erodible channel, 19-26 auxiliary, 2-2 filled with asphalt, 76-9
maximum, fluid, 17-3 axonometric, 2-3 mineral aggregate, 76-9
maximum, open channel, 19-26 central, 2-1 ratio, 21-2, 35-7
mean, open channel, 19-2 dimetric, 2-3 region, 7-3
INDEX - V
migration, 34-9 frontal auxiliary, 2-2 total air, 76-9
minimum, open channel, 19-2 horizontal auxiliary, 2-2 total mix, 76-9
mixing, 26-11 isometric, 2-3 Volatile
net filtering, 34-5 normal, 2-1 acid, 27-9
net net filtering, 34-5 oblique, 2-2 dissolved solids, 25-9
of approach, 16-4, 17-16, 17-17, 17-31 orthogonal, 2-1 inorganic compound, 32-16
of approach factor, 17-29 orthographic, 2-1, 2-2 liquid, 14-10, 22-11 (ftn)
of whirl, 18-11 (ftn) orthographic oblique, 2-3 matter, 24-4
overland flow, 20-5 perspective, 2-1, 2-3 organic chemical, 28-14
paddle, relative, 26-11 plan, 2-2 organic compound, 28-14, 32-14, 32-15,
pore, 21-4 planar, 2-2 32-16, G-15
potential function, 17-3 principal, 2-2 solids, 25-9, 28-6, 30-4, G-15
profile, 16-8 profile auxiliary, 2-2 suspended solids, 25-9
ratio, pump, 18-3 (tbl) redundant, 2-2 suspended solids concentration, 30-5
reaction, 22-13 trimetric, 2-3 Volatility, 24-6
rebound, 72-17 type, 2-1 Volatilization, G-15
relative, 71-10 Viewer, takeoff, 86-3 Volcanic glass, 35-32
scouring, 29-6 Virgin Voltage, 84-2
seepage, 21-4 compression branch, 40-4 deflection, 85-10
self-cleansing, 19-2, 20-3 (ftn), 28-4 compression line, 35-24 divider, 84-4
settling, 17-43, 26-5, 26-6 consolidation line, 35-24 drop, 84-3
sewer, 28-4 curve, 40-4 induced, 17-27
sonic, 14-14 Virtual motor, 84-17
superficial, 21-4 displacement, 46-10 regulation, 84-11, 84-12
superficial face, 34-5 work, 46-10 Voltammetric
tangential, 18-22, 71-8 work method, 44-18 sensor, 85-3
terminal, 17-43, 72-19 work method, beams, 47-17 Volume
unit, 21-3 work principle, 47-3 absolute, 49-2
wave, 19-18 Virus, 27-4, 27-6 -capacity ratio, 73-5, 73-15
Velz Viscometer consolidated, 49-2
decay rate, 29-11 concentric cylinder, 14-6 (ftn) conversion, A-3, A-5
equation, 29-11 cup-and-bob, 14-6 (ftn) directional design hour, 73-5
Vena contracta, 17-17, 17-30 (ftn) Saybolt, 14-6 (ftn) flow conversion, A-3, A-6
Veneer failure, 31-5 test, 14-6 hourly, 73-9
Venn diagram, 11-1 (fig) Viscosity, 14-6 index, sludge, 30-5
Venturi absolute, 14-6 (ftn) mensuration, A-9
discharge coefficients, 17-30 (fig) Bingham-plastic limiting, 17-12 mensuration, three-dimensional, A-9
effect, 17-29 blending index, 14-16 molar, 22-5
meter, 17-29, 17-30 (fig) blending number, 14-16 of a fluid, 14-1
meter performance, 17-29 coefficient of, 14-6 of revolution, 9-5, 9-6, 42-3 (fig)
scrubber, 34-18 conversion, 14-8, 14-9 (tbl), A-3, A-5 parameter, traffic, 73-4
scrubber collection efficiency, 34-19 dynamic, 14-6 (ftn) pile, 80-4
Vers function, 6-4 effect on head loss, 17-11 reactor, 30-7, 30-8
Versed fuel, A-24 settled sludge, 30-6
cosine, 6-4 grade, 14-9 sludge, 30-10, 30-12
sine, 6-4 grading, 76-2 sludge, water treatment, 26-12
Versine, 6-4 heat transfer fluid, A-24 solid, 49-2
Vertex hydrocarbon, A-24 specific, 14-4
angle, 6-1 index, 14-9 warrant, signalization, 73-18
parabola, 7-10 kinematic, 14-8, 16-7 wastewater, 28-1, 28-2
Vertical lubricant, A-24 Volumetric
angle, 6-2 Newton’s law of, 14-6, 14-7 air flow rate, 30-10
buckling, 44-19 non-Newtonian, 17-12 analysis, 24-2
curve, 79-11 power law, 17-12 efficiency, pump, 18-3
curve, obstruction, 79-13 (fig) water, A-20 expansion, coefficient, 44-4
curve, railway, 79-22 flow rate, 17-3
fraction, 24-2 intrinsic, 32-2 quality compartment, 32-14

loading, 30-8 K-, 32-2 reducer, high-range, 48-3
strain, 14-14 municipal solid, 31-1 -reducing admixture, 48-3
Von Mises theory, 43-8 overautogenous, 34-11 (ftn) softening, 26-16
Vortex double, 34-7 P-, 32-2 softening equivalents, A-85, A-86
Vorticity, 8-7 subautogenous, 34-11 (ftn) stability, 26-18
VTM, 76-9 -to-energy facility, 31-10 storage, 26-24
-to-steam plant, 31-10 subsurface, 21-1
U-, 32-2 supply chemistry, 22-20
W Wastewater, 34-22 supply demand, 26-22
characteristics, 28-6 supply treatment method, 26-4 (tbl)
W compositing, 28-15 table, 40-5, G-15
-beam guardrail, 75-13 domestic, 28-1 table, bearing capacity, 36-8
-shape, 61-1 industrial, 28-2, 28-8, 29-1 table, retaining wall, 37-9
-shape beam, 59-2 (fig) municipal, 28-2 treatment chemical application
W&M wire gauge, 67-7 peaking factors, 28-2 point, 26-3 (tbl)
WAAS, 78-6 pump, 29-3 treatment chemicals, A-103
Waffle slab, 51-5 pump installation, 18-5 (fig) treatment plant location, 26-2
Wah gas, G-15 quantity, 28-1, 28-2 tubing, copper, dimensions, A-47
Waiting reclamation, 29-13 unaccounted for, 26-25
line, 73-27 sanitary, 28-1 underground, 21-1
time, 73-27 sludge quantity, 30-13 Vadose, G-15
Wake, drag, 17-41 standard, 28-15 vapor, 32-16
Wale, G-15 standards, industrial, 29-1 viscosity, A-20
Walkway, 73-21 tests, 28-8 Waterborne disease, 27-10
width, effective, 73-21 treatment, 34-22 Watercourse, natural, 19-10
Wall treatment plant, 29-3 Watershed
bearing, 54-2 volume, 28-1, 28-2 detention, 20-19
buttress, 37-1 Wasteway, G-15 modeling, 20-23
cantilever, 39-4 Wasting, 22-24 (ftn) retention, 20-19
cell, G-4 sludge, 30-12 Watery mixture, 48-4
concrete, 54-1 Water Watt, 1-5, 18-9 (ftn)
containment, 40-10 absorbed, G-1 Wave
counterfort, 37-1 absorption, masonry, 67-5 formula, kinematic, 20-4
cut-off, 40-10 balance equation, 20-2 speed, water hammer, 17-38
effective length factor, 54-2 balance, post-closure, 31-7 standing, 19-18, G-13
footing, 36-2, 55-2 brake, 85-13 surface, 19-18
friction angle, 37-5 budget equation, 20-2 surge, 19-18
INDEX - W
friction, soil, 37-3 bulk modulus, 14-14 velocity, 19-18

gabion, 37-2 CaCO3 equivalents, A-85, A-86 Waveform
gravity, 37-1 Fourier, 9-7
load-carrying, 54-2 capillary, G-4
-cement ratio, 49-2, 77-2 (tbl), 77-3 (tbl) frequency, 9-7
masonry, 68-1, A-153, A-154, period, 9-7
A-155, A-156 -cementious materials ratio, 49-2
chemistry, CaCO3 periodic, 9-7
multiple wythe, 68-14 symmetrical, 9-7 (tbl)
nonbearing, 54-1 equivalents, A-85, A-86
conductivity, 26-19 Waviness
retaining, 54-1, 54-2 height, 2-4
retaining, active confined, G-5
connate, G-5 spacing rating, 2-4
components, A-108, A-109 width rating, 2-4
retaining, analysis, 37-9 content, 21-2, 35-7
content, optimum, 35-18 Waving the rod, G-15
retaining, cantilever, 37-1, 39-4 Way traveled, G-14
retaining, design, 37-12 deionized, 22-24
demand, 26-22 Weak
semi-gravity, 37-1 axis, 59-2, 59-5
shear, 54-2 demand multiplier, 26-22
demineralized, 22-24 material, 43-1
shear stress factor, 17-5 (ftn) Weakened
shear, cantilever, 39-5 (fig) distribution, 26-24
flow, steel pipes, 17-9, A-55 base, pole, 75-13
slurry, 40-10 plane joint, 77-11
tie, 68-14 gas, 24-8 (ftn)
gravitational, G-7 Weather cold, 49-6
wiper, 34-20 Weathering
Warming, global, 32-8 hammer, 17-38 (fig)
hammer, wave speed, 17-38 grade, 67-5
Warning area, advanced, 73-31 steel, 58-6 (ftn)
Warping, constant, 59-3, 59-4 hard, G-7
hardness, 22-21, 25-3, 25-4 steel design, 58-6
Warrant, signal (see also type), 73-17 Weave
WAS, 30-2, 30-14 hardness ions, 25-4
horsepower, 17-15, 18-8 one-sided, major, 73-26
Washboarding, pavement, 76-5 segment, major, 73-26
Washburn and Moen wire gauge, 67-7 hygroscopic, G-8
in concrete, 48-3 Weaving, 73-26
Washer area, 73-26
direct tension indicator, 58-4 juvenile, G-9
lifting velocity, 21-5 base length, 73-26
material, 58-4 movement, 73-26
Washing, soil, 34-20 make-up, 22-23
meteoric, G-9 one-sided, ramp, 73-26
Washout section, two-sided, single-lane
sludge, 30-13 nonpotable, 27-4
of crystallization, 22-5 ramp, 73-26
solids, 30-13 segment configuration, 73-26
toe, 39-5 of hydration, 22-5
oxygen, dissolved, A-87 segment length, 73-26 (fig)
Wastage rate, 30-8 segment width, 73-26
Waste (see also type), 32-2 pipe (see also type), 26-25
pipe, Hazen-Williams, A-50 segment, freeway, 73-26 (fig)
-activated sludge, 30-2, 30-14 segment, one-sided, 73-26, 73-27 (fig)
autogenous, 34-11 (ftn) pipe, PVC, dimensions, A-39, A-40, A-41
pipe, roughness, A-50 segment, two-sided, 73-26, 73-27 (fig)
decomposition, 27-9 short length, 73-26
decomposition, end product, 27-10 (tbl) power, 18-7
pressure, 26-25 Web, 42-4
domestic, G-5 crippling, 44-19, 59-17
extrinsic, 32-2 pressure drop, steel pipe, A-55
properties, 49-1, A-16, A-17, A-18, A-19 depth, 63-1
fuel, 24-4
I N D E X I-73
flanged beam, 44-10 (fig) partial-penetration groove, 66-2, 66-9 trench, transition, 40-9
force, concentrated, 59-17 PJP, 66-2 weaving segment, 73-26
plastification factor, 63-6, 63-7 plug, 66-2 Wind tunnel, 17-42
plate buckling coefficient, 63-2 shielded metal arc, 66-1 Windage loss, 84-17
plate girder, 63-2 size, 66-3 (tbl) Window sliding, method, 75-17
stiffener, 44-19 size, minimum, 66-9 Winfrey method, 87-16 (ftn)
yielding, 59-17 slot, 6-2, 66-2 Wiper, wall, 34-20
yielding calculation, strength, bridge, 66-8 Wire
nomenclature, 59-18 (fig) submerged arc, 66-1 corona, 34-8
Weber symbol, 66-3 (fig) fiber core, 45-21
number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-47 (ftn) throat, 66-2 gauge, masonry, 67-7
number, similarity, 17-47 (tbl) throat, effective, 45-14 horizontal joint, 67-7
Webster’s equation, traffic signal, 73-16 type, 66-2 (fig) independent core, 45-21
Wedge, 72-7 Weldability, 58-2 lap length, 67-7
pile, 80-4 (fig) Welded reinforcing, A-134
usage, 72-7 (fig) connection, AASHTO LRFD, 66-8 rope, 45-21, 45-22
Weight, 1-1, 1-3, 22-6, 70-1 connection, building frame, 66-8 rope, hoisting, 83-10
adjusted, 49-3 connection, combined shear and sheave, 45-22
and proportion problem, 22-8, 27-11 bending, 66-5 (fig) size, AWG, 84-8
atomic, 22-2, A-83, G-2 connection, combined shear and spiral, column, 52-3
chemical, atomic, 22-2, A-83, G-2 torsion, 66-5 (fig) strand core, 45-21
combining, 22-6 joint, type, 66-2 (fig) -to-water efficiency, 18-9
density, 1-3 Welding (see also Weld), 66-2 Witness stake, 81-1
density, concrete, 48-4 filler metal, material, 58-4 measurement, 81-1
equivalent, 22-5, G-6 Well, 21-4 Wood as fuel, 24-4
formula, 22-5 artesian, 21-2 Work, 13-2, 47-3
limit sign, 74-2 (fig) chlorine dose, 21-4 done by force, 13-2
limit, lifting, 83-7 deep, 80-11 done by torque, 13-2
molecular, 22-5, G-10 developed, 21-4 -energy principle, 13-3, 13-4, 45-20
roughness, 2-4 drawdown, 21-5 external, 13-2
specific, 14-5 extraction, gas, 31-6 flow, 13-3
specific, concrete, 48-4 flowing, G-6 internal, 13-2, 43-6
unit, 14-5, 35-7 function, 21-7 lost, 17-4 (ftn)
unit, concrete, 48-4 -graded soil, 35-2 of a constant force, 13-2 (fig)
-volume relationship, 76-6 gravel pack, 21-4 p-V, 13-3, 13-4
-volume relationship, asphalt gravity, 21-2, 21-4 performed by a force, 9-4
mixture, 76-7 (fig) injection, 34-11 space, traffic, 73-32
Weighted monitor, 21-4, 31-9 spring, 13-2
average cost, 87-31 observation, G-10 virtual, 46-10
cost, 87-31 penetrating, 80-11 virtual, method, 44-18
Weighting pumping power, 21-7 Workability
agent, 26-9 relief, 21-4 concrete, 48-4, 49-1
factor, 87-31 screen, 21-4 pavement, 76-5
Weir, 19-10 sterilization, 21-4 Working
broad-crested, 19-13 symbols, A-106, A-107 arm, 83-10
Cipoletti, 19-13 wet, G-15 stress design, 58-5
contracted, 19-11 Wellpoint, 80-11 stress design method, 45-2
equation, Francis, 19-11 West declination, 78-12 Worksheet, moment distribution, A-133
equation, Rehbock, 19-11 Westergaard Worm, 27-8
length, 19-11 case, 40-2 Worth
loading, 26-6, 29-7 modulus of subgrade reaction, 77-5 future, 87-5
loading rate, 29-7 Western coal, 24-5 method, present, 87-14, 87-15
proportional, 19-14 Wet present, 87-5
rectangular, submerged, 19-11 basis, concrete, 49-3 Woven fabric, 40-10
sharp-crested, 19-11 condition, 72-6 Wye-connection, 84-11
suppressed, 19-11 density, 35-7 Wythe, 68-14
Sutro, 19-14 scrubber, 34-2 multiple, 68-14
trapezoidal, 19-13 venturi scrubber, 34-18 (fig) Wöhler curve, 43-9
triangular, 19-13 well, G-15
V-notch, 19-13 Wetted perimeter, 16-5, A-30, G-15
Weisbach equation, 17-6, 17-7 Weymouth formula, 17-10 X
Weld, 66-1 Wheatstone bridge, 85-9
as lines, A-125 Wheelbarrow, 80-9 X-ray testing, 43-12
Xeriscape, G-15
INDEX - Y
balanced tension, 66-4 Wheelbase, 73-3
CJP, 66-2 Whirl, velocity of, 18-11 (ftn) Xerophytes, G-15
complete-penetration groove, 66-2, 66-8 Whistle-blowing, 89-3 (ftn)
decay, 22-19 Whitetopping, 76-29
ductility, 66-4 ultra-thin, 76-29 Y
electrogas, 66-2 Whitney assumption, 50-8 Y
electroslag, 66-2 Wide -connection, 84-5
fillet, 45-14, 66-2, 66-3 (fig), 66-9 area augmentation system, 78-6 -valve, 16-12
flux-cored arc, 66-2 beam, 44-17 Yard
full-penetration groove, 66-2 -beam shear, 55-3 bank cubic, 80-1
gas metal arc, 66-2 Width, 2-2 compacted cubic, 80-1
groove, 66-2, 66-8 beam, minimum, 50-8 (tbl) cubic, 80-1
group, A-125 effective, 19-11, 50-18, 64-2 loose cubic, 80-1
group, balanced, 66-4 effective flange, AASHTO, 57-2 -quarter, 80-9
group, properties, A-125 effective slab, composite member, 57-2 -station, 80-8
metal, 66-1 stall, 73-21 Yaw, 17-27, 72-2
metal active gas, 66-2 -thickness ratio, 61-6, 61-7 (tbl), 63-3 angle, 17-28
metal inert gas, 66-2 tolerance, universal mill plate, 58-3 (tbl) Year-end convention, 87-3
minimum effective size, 66-9 (tbl)
Yield, 22-9, 49-2, 87-28

biomass, 30-13
bond, 87-30
cell, 30-13
coefficient, 27-11, 30-7, 30-13
coefficient, maximum, 28-6
factor, 27-12
linear, paving, 76-7
mass, 31-11
observed, 30-8
point, 43-3, 58-2
reservoir, 20-19
safe, 21-6, G-12
sludge, 30-13
specific, 21-3, G-13
strength, 43-3, 58-2
strength, lower, 43-3
strength, representative
material, 43-3 (tbl)
strength, upper and lower, 43-3 (fig)
stress, 17-12, 43-3, 58-2
Yielding, web, 59-17
Young’s modulus, 43-2, 44-2, 48-5
Yuba Power, Greenman versus, 88-7 (ftn)
INDEX - Z
Z
z-values for confidence level, 11-15 (tbl)
Zebra mussel, 27-8
Zeolite, 22-22
process, 22-22, 26-17
synthetic, 26-17
Zero, 3-3, 12-1
air voids curve, 35-18
air voids density, 35-18
-discharge facility, 32-6
factorial, 3-2 (tbl)
-force member, 41-14 (fig)
haulage line, 80-6
-indicating bridge, 85-9 (ftn)
matrix, 4-2
-order, reaction rate, 22-14
-solids treatment, 22-24
-voids density, 35-8
Zone (see also type)
active, 37-3
benthic, G-3
clear, 75-13
of aeration, G-15
of influence, 40-2
of saturation, G-15
phreatic, 21-1, G-11
vadose, 21-1, G-15
Zoned survey, 78-5
Zoning, ordinance, 82-2
Zoogloea, G-15
Zooplankton, G-15
Zuber equation, 14-11
Zx beam selection table, 59-8

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Index

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charcoal, 34-3 Aeration, 26-4, G-1 properties, A-21

dummy, 86-13 tank, 30-8 valve, double orifice, 16-14

load, fastener, 65-3 Anaerobic, G-2 friction, external, 37-4 (tbl)

Anoxic circulation, pedestrian, 73-18 Aspect

Atmosphere value, 87-30 Bag cement, 48-1

K-rail, 75-13 cross section, type, 50-2 Bedding

retaining wall, 54-3 propped cantilever, 46-1 plane of, 59-2

Bingham Blowing value, 87-23

point, 87-38 Bromine, 26-21 staged-air, 34-20

full, 85-11 height, allowable, 82-8 ideal, 41-16

cgs system, 1-4 R-control, 11-16 Choked flow, 19-21

Char, 24-5 organic, 23-1 design, 34-11

train, 76-28 heat of, 24-14, A-94 mixing, G-4

ideal, 61-2 factor, 31-3 atmospheric air, 30-8 (tbl)

isothermal, 15-13 grout-bonded, 77-13 maximum moment, 50-9 (fig)

steel, 58-4 stability, 22-15 joint, 77-11

virgin, 35-24 tank, 30-4 Convention

Coplanar, 7-2 effect of inflation, 86-7 concrete-disintegration, 48-2

Criteria Cuesta, G-5 intensity-duration-frequency, 20-5

use, halon, 32-6 divider, 84-4 unloading, 43-7

length, Greenshields, 73-17 Daylight Deflection, 44-3

Dieldrin, 32-12 prestressing tendon, 56-6 single, 22-7

log-normal, 11-8 root, 3-3 overload, cause, 75-9 (tbl)

noise, 83-8 coefficient, 31-7, 76-22, 77-6 material, 43-6

loading, 34-5 Echelon red time, 73-20

method, 66-5, 66-8 Embrittlement total, 16-2, 16-4

Electrical Emulsified, asphalt, 76-2 transit, 78-12

Equation, 3-2 Swamee-Jain, 17-6 Erosion

Evaluation Expensing the asset, 87-20 FAA formula, 20-4

independent, 11-3 Exponential velocity, 21-4, 34-5

growth projection, 76-17 Factored lump-sum, 88-5

two-stage trickling, 29-10 media filter, 29-8 time, 86-11

cover, 31-5 Flagellate, 27-8 control dam, 20-21

ratio, 73-15 Fluorosis, 25-6 uplift, 21-9

stationing, 79-3 pavement, 76-30 oxygenated, 32-5

transcendental, 8-2 synthetic, 24-5, 24-8 Geostrip, G-7

series cash flow, 87-4 Grip, 45-12 Gyration

pile, 38-5 Hardening strain, 43-5

plant mix, 76-10 Hydroelectric Ideal

gradient, 21-2 cosine, 6-4, 41-19 factor, bridge, 74-4

Impounding reservoir, 20-19 Index separator, 32-7, 34-7

growth, 3-11 Intergranular, 22-20 Inversing, 78-13

directional, 73-25 Invar, 78-8 Isothermal

Jam density, 73-6, G-9 Kinematics, 71-1 natural attenuation, 31-2

Joule’s, 13-5 Legal speed limit, 73-3 perfecting, 88-5

sines, 6-5, 6-6 spread, 76-7 rotating cylinders, 17-41

Loose Macroporous resin, 26-17 Marketing expense, 87-33

Low project, 86-1 diagram, 20-21, 80-6, 80-8

coefficient, 4-6 arithmetic, 11-12 pin-connected, axial, 41-12

obstruction, 17-26 numerical, polynomial, 3-4 Middle

compatibility, 46-2 surface area, 76-6 Minipile, 38-6

Mixer, 26-10 creep, plastics, 43-11 couple, 41-4

Most reservoir, 17-22 Needle

chemical identity, 83-4, 83-5 screening, transportation, 75-17

Newtonian Noncritical activity, 86-11 Nozzle

event, 11-4 One Organelle, 27-1

moisture content, 35-20 Osmotic pressure, 14-10

curve, 40-4 depletion, 32-5 mixing opportunity, 26-11

Passenger crash factor, 75-10 maximum, 73-20

jet force on, 17-34 pour, 24-7 Polyphosphate, 25-7

Positioning probable, maximum, 20-6 meter, 14-2 (ftn)