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    01 Introduction To Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Hazem Sobhi
    This document discusses basic statistical terms and concepts. It defines statistics as the science of collecting, describing, and interpreting data. There are two main types of statistics: descriptive statistics which involves collection and presentation of sample data, and inferential statistics which involves making conclusions about populations. The document provides examples to illustrate population, sample, variable, data, experiment, parameter, and statistic. It also defines different types of variables such as qualitative vs. quantitative, nominal vs. ordinal, discrete vs. continuous. Finally, it briefly introduces common measures used to analyze small sample data such as mean, median, mode, and mid-range.

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    © All Rights Reserved

    01 Introduction To Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Hazem Sobhi
    29 views8 pages
    This document discusses basic statistical terms and concepts. It defines statistics as the science of collecting, describing, and interpreting data. There are two main types of statistics: descriptive statistics which involves collection and presentation of sample data, and inferential statistics which involves making conclusions about populations. The document provides examples to illustrate population, sample, variable, data, experiment, parameter, and statistic. It also defines different types of variables such as qualitative vs. quantitative, nominal vs. ordinal, discrete vs. continuous. Finally, it briefly introduces common measures used to analyze small sample data such as mean, median, mode, and mid-range.

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    01 Introduction to Statistics

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    01 Introduction to Statistics

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    This document discusses basic statistical terms and concepts. It defines statistics as the science of collecting, describing, and interpreting data. There are two main types of statistics: descriptive statistics which involves collection and presentation of sample data, and inferential statistics which involves making conclusions about populations. The document provides examples to illustrate population, sample, variable, data, experiment, parameter, and statistic. It also defines different types of variables such as qualitative vs. quantitative, nominal vs. ordinal, discrete vs. continuous. Finally, it briefly introduces common measures used to analyze small sample data such as mean, median, mode, and mid-range.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    29 views8 pages

    01 Introduction To Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Hazem Sobhi
    This document discusses basic statistical terms and concepts. It defines statistics as the science of collecting, describing, and interpreting data. There are two main types of statistics: descriptive statistics which involves collection and presentation of sample data, and inferential statistics which involves making conclusions about populations. The document provides examples to illustrate population, sample, variable, data, experiment, parameter, and statistic. It also defines different types of variables such as qualitative vs. quantitative, nominal vs. ordinal, discrete vs. continuous. Finally, it briefly introduces common measures used to analyze small sample data such as mean, median, mode, and mid-range.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    of 8

    03/07/1437

    Minia University
    Faculty of engineering
    Civil Engineering Department

    Scientific Reports Writing

    Course Title : Scientific Reports Writing


    Code: HSC 221
    Offered by: Civil Engineering Department

    Dr. Remon Issac Melek


    1

    What is Statistics?
    Statistics: The science of collecting, describing, and 
    interpreting data.

    Two areas of statistics:
    Descriptive Statistics: collection, presentation, and 
    description of sample data.
    Inferential Statistics: making decisions and drawing 
    conclusions about populations.

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    03/07/1437

    Introduction to Basic Terms
    Population: A collection, or set, of individuals or objects 
    or events whose properties are to be analyzed.
    Two kinds of populations: finite or infinite.

    Sample: A subset of the population.

    Variable: A characteristic about each individual element 
    of a population or sample.
    Data (singular): The value of the variable associated with 
    one element of a population or sample.  This value may be 
    a number, a word, or a symbol.
    Data (plural): The set of values collected for the variable 
    from each of the elements belonging to the sample.
    Experiment: A planned activity whose results yield a set of 
    data.
    Parameter: A numerical value summarizing all the data of 
    an entire population.
    Statistic: A numerical value summarizing the sample data.

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    03/07/1437

    Example: A college dean is interested in learning about the average 
    age of faculty.  Identify the basic terms in this situation.

    The population is the age of all faculty members at the college.
    A sample is any subset of that population.  For example, we might 
    select 10 faculty members and determine their age.
    The variable is the “age” of each faculty member.
    One data would be the age of a specific faculty member.
    The data would be the set of values in the sample.
    The experiment would be the method used to select the ages forming 
    the sample and determining the actual age of each faculty member in 
    the sample.
    The parameter of interest is the “average” age of all faculty at the 
    college.
    The statistic is the “average” age for all faculty in the sample.

    Two kinds of variables:
    Qualitative, or Attribute, or Categorical, 
    Variable: A variable that categorizes or describes 
    an element of a population.
    Note: Arithmetic operations, such as addition and 
    averaging, are not meaningful for data resulting 
    from a qualitative variable.
    Quantitative, or Numerical, Variable: A 
    variable that quantifies an element of a 
    population.
    Note: Arithmetic operations such as addition and 
    averaging, are meaningful for data resulting from 
    a quantitative variable.

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    03/07/1437

    Example: Identify each of the following examples as attribute 
    (qualitative) or numerical (quantitative) variables.

    1. The residence hall for each student in a statistics class. 
    (Attribute)
    2. The amount of gasoline pumped by the next 10 customers at 
    the local Unimart.  (Numerical)
    3. The amount of radon in the basement of each of 25 homes in 
    a new development.  (Numerical)
    4. The color of the baseball cap worn by each of 20 students.  
    (Attribute)
    5. The length of time to complete a mathematics homework 
    assignment.  (Numerical)
    6. The state in which each truck is registered when stopped and 
    inspected at a weigh station.  (Attribute)

    4
    03/07/1437

    Nominal Variable: A qualitative variable that categorizes (or 
    describes, or names) an element of a population.

    Ordinal Variable: A qualitative variable that incorporates an 
    ordered position, or ranking.

    Discrete Variable: A quantitative variable that can assume a 
    countable number of values.  Intuitively, a discrete variable can 
    assume values corresponding to isolated points along a line 
    interval.  That is, there is a gap between any two values.

    Continuous Variable: A quantitative variable that can assume 
    an uncountable number of values.  Intuitively, a continuous 
    variable can assume any value along a line interval, including 
    every possible value between any two values.

    DATA ANALYSIS OF SMALL SAMPLES

    10

    5
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    Mean

    Median

    12

    6
    03/07/1437

    Mode

    14

    7
    03/07/1437

    Mid range

    16

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