11/19/12 NATO phonetic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

NATO phonetic alphabet

Fr
omWi
ki
ped
ia,
thef
reee
ncy
clo
ped
ia

TheNATO phonetic alphabet, morea ccura

tel
ykn owna stheInternational
Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet anda l
socall
edt heICAO phonetic or
ICAO spelling alphabet, aswe l
lastheITU phonetic alphabet, i
st h
emos t
widelyusedspell
inga l
ph abet.Thoughoft
e ncal
le
d" phon e
ti
ca l
phab ets"
,
spel
li
nga l
phabetsdon oth av
ea nyassoci
atio
nwi t
hp honeti
ctranscri
ption
syst
emsliketheI nt
erna t
i
on alPhonet
icAlp ha
bet.I
n s
tead,theInternati
onal
Civi
lAv i
ati
onOr g ani
zati
on( ICAO)a lphabetass
ignedc odewo rdstod igi
t
s
anda cr
op h
o ni
call
ytot hel e
tt
e r
softheISOba s
icLatina l
phabet(Alfa f
orA,
Bravo f
orB, etc.)soth atcri
tic
alcombinati
onsoflet
tersandn umb erscanbe
pronounceda n
du nderst
oodbyt ho
sewh ot r
ansmitandr ece
ivev oi
ce
me s
sagesb yradioo rtel
e phoneregar
dles
so fthei
rnati
vel a
ng u
ageort h
e
presenc
eof tra
n smissi
ons t
at
ic.

Contents
1In
tern
ati
onaladop t
i
on
1.
1NATO
1.
2Hi s
tory
2Codewor ds
2.
1Le t
ters
2.
2Di g
it
s
2.
3Ot herwo r
ds
2.
4Pr onunci
at
ion
3His
tory
4Usage
5Vari
ants
5.
1Av i
ation
5.
2Ot her
6Addit
ionsi
no therl
angu
age
s
6.
1Finnish
6.
2Ge rma nandSwedi
sh
6.
3Cz ech
7Seeals
o
8Ref
e r
ences
9Ext
ernall
inks
FAAr
adi
ote
lephonya
lpha
beta
ndMor
secodecha
rt

International adoption
Aft
erthephoneticalphabetwasd evelopedb yth
eI nternati
on al
Civi
l Avi
ati
onOr ganiz
ati
on(ICAO)( seehis
toryb el
ow)itwasadop t
edby
manyo t
herint
ernati
o n
alandn a
tionalo rg
ani
zati
ons,includingtheNor t
hAt l
ant
icTreatyOrgani
zati
on(NATO) ,t heInt
ernat
i
onal
Tel
ecommu ni
cationUn i
on(ITU) ,t
heI n t
ern
ati
onalMa ri
ti
meOr gan
izati
on(IMO) ,theAme ri
canFederalAvi
ationAdmi n
ist
rat
i
on(FAA) ,the
All
i
a n
ceforTe l
ecommu n
icat
ionsInd u
s tr
ySo l
ut
ions( ATI S),andtheAme ri
canRa dioRelayLeague(ARRL) .I tisasubsetoft
hemu cholder
In
tern
ati
o n
alCo deo fSigna
ls(INTERCO) ,whic
hor i
ginall
yincl
udedv i
sualsi
gnal
sb yfl
agsorfla
shi
ngli
ght,sou nds i
gnal
sbywh i
st
le,si
ren,
f
oghorn,orbell
,a swe l
lasone,two ,o rt
hreelet
t
erc od esforma nyph r
ases[
.1]Thesamea l
phabeti
ccodewo r dsa reusedbyalla
ge n
cies
,but
eachagencychoo se
so neof t
wodi ffe
r ents
etsofnu me r
icc odewords .
NATOu sestheregu
larEngl
i
shn umericwor ds(Zero,One,withsome
al
ter
nati
vep r
onun ci
ati
ons),
wh ereastheI MOpr ovide sforc ompoundn umeri
cwor ds(Nadazero,Unaone,Biss otwo.
..
).Inprac
ti
cetheseare
use
dv eryrar
ely
,a stheyfrequent
lyres ul
ti
nc onf
usionb etwe enspeaker
sof di
ffe
rentlang
uages.

NATO

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet 1/8
11/19/12 NATO phonetic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ac ommo nna mef ort

h i
ss pell
inga l
phabet,"NATOp honet
ica
lphabet
,"exi
stsbecau
s ei
t appearsi
nAl l
iedTact
ic
alPubli
cat
ionATP-1,
Vol umeI I:Allied Maritime Signal and Maneuvering Book use
dbya l
lal
l
iednavie
sof NATO, wh i
chadopt
edamo dif
ie
df or
mo ft
he
International Code of Signals.Be c au
set helat
terall
owsme s
sagestobes pel
l
edv i
af l
agso rMo rsecode,i
tnat
ural
l
yn a
me dthecod
ewo rds
usedt os pel
lo u tmess
a gesb yvoice it
s" phoneti
ca l
phabet"
.ThenameNATO phonetic alphabet be camewides
preadbecauseth
esi
gna l
s
usedt ofac i
l
it
a tethenav alcommu n i
cati
onsa ndtacti
cso fNATOh a v
eb ecomeglobal[
.2
]Ho we ver,ATP-1ismarkedNATO Confidential (
or
thelowe rNATO Restricted)s oitisnot avai
labl
ep ubl
icly
.Nevert
hele
ss,aNATOu ncl
assif
i
e dversi
onof t
hedocumenti
sprovide
dtofo r
eign,
evenh ostil
e,mi li
tar
ies
, eventho ughtheya reno t
all
owe dtomakeit a
vail
abl
epublic
ly.Thes pell
i
nga l
phabeti
snowa l
sodefi
nedinoth
er
unclassi
fi
e dinternati
onal mi
li
taryd ocume nt
s.[
3]

History

TheI
CAOdevel
opedthi
ssy
ste
minthe1950si
norde
rtoac
countf
ordi
scre
pan
cie
sth
atmi
ghta
ri
sei
nco
mmu
nic
ati
onsa
sar
esu
ltof
mul
t
ipl
e
al
pha
betn
ami
ngs
y s
temscoe
xis
ti
ngi
nd i
f
fer
entp
lac
esandor
gan
iz
ati
ons[
.4
]

I
ntheoffi
ci
a[
l5]ver
si
ono ft
heal
phabet,
thenon-Engl
i
shs pe l
li
n gsAlf
aan dJul
ie
tta r
euse
d.Alfa i
sspel
l
edwi thanf a
sitisi
nmo stEur
opean
l
angua
gesb e
ca u
setheEngl
is
handFr e
nchspell
i
ngalpha wou ldnotbepr on
ounce dpr
operl
ybyn at
iv
es p
ea ker
so fsomeotherl
angua
ges-
whoma ynotknowthatph s
houl
db epronoun
cedasf. Juliett i
sspel
l
edwi thatt f
orFre
nchs pe
akers
,beca us
etheyma yother
wiset
rea
ta
si
ngl
efi
naltassil
ent
.InsomeEngl
ishvers
ion
sof t
healphabe t,o n
eorb othofthesemayhavethei
rst
andardEn gl
i
shs pe
ll
in
g.[
6]

Code words
Thef
inalchoi
ceo fcodewordsfort
helet
te
rso ftheal
phabetandf orthedigit
swasma dea f
ter
hu
ndredsof t
housandsofc
omp re
h e
nsi
ontest
sinv ol
vi
ng31n at
i
on ali
ti
es.Th equal
i
fyi
ngfeatur
ewa s
t
heli
kel
ihoodof aco dewor
db ei
ngunders
toodint h
ec ont
extofo t
hers.Fo rexa
mp l
e,football h
as
ahi
gherchanceof bei
ngund
e r
st
oodt h
anfoxtrot i
nisol
at
ion,b
u tfoxtrot i
ssuper
iori
ne xt
ende d
co
mmu nica
tion[
8
.]

Thep r
o nunci
ati
o no ft
hec od ewo rdsva r
ie
saccor di
ngt ot h ela nguageh abit
sof t
h espe aker.To
el
imin
atewi dev ari
ationsinpronun c
iat
ion,rec
ordingsa n dp ostersil
lust
ra t
in
gthepr onu ncia
ti
on
desi
redb ytheI CAOa rea vail
abl
e [
.8]
[9]However ,t
h erea r es t
il
ldiff
eren ce
sinp ronun ci
ati
on
betweent heICAOa ndot h
era genci
es, a
ndtheICAOh a sc on f
li
c t
ingRoma n
-a l
phabe tandIPA
tr
anscr
iptions.Also, a
lt
hou gha l
lcodesforthele
ttersof t
h ea lpha betareEn gl
is
hwor ds,theya r
enot
i
ng enera
l gi
venEn g
lis
hp r
onuncia
tions.Assumin
gt hatt het ran scri
pti
onsa renot i
n t
ende dtob e
preci
se,o nl
y1 1o fthe2 6—Bravo, Echo, Hotel, Juliet(t), Kilo, Mike, Papa, Quebec, Romeo,
Whiskey, andZulu—a reg i
ve nEn g
li
shp ron
unci
a ti
onsbya l
lthesea genc i
es,t
ho ughn ota l
waysthe
sameEn glis
hp ronunciat
ions.
Thepronunci
ati
ono ft
hec
odewor
ds
Letters
accompanyi
ngtheICAOaudi
o
recor
dingof1955[
7]

Pronunciation

Letter Code word ICAO[ 9]and ITU ICAO ICAO

US Army FAA SIO[14] Consolidated
Roman IPA recording
standard[
10] standards [
12]
[13
]
] (France) transcription
standard[11] standard[
9 (1955)[
7]

Alfa ALFAHor
A ALf
ah ALFAH ˈælfɑ a
lfa
h [ˈælfʌ] /ˈælfɑː/ AL -fah
ATI
S:Alpha AL-FAH
BRAHVOH BRAHVOHor /ˈbrɑːvoʊ/
B Bravo BRAHv
oh [ˈbrɑːˈvo] br
avo [brɑˈvoʊ]
(
195
5:BRAHVOH) BRAH-
VO BRAH -voh

/ˈtʃɑrliː/
CHARLEEor ˈtʃɑːli or t
cha
hl, [ˈtʃɑ˞li],
i CHAR -lee or
C Charlie CHARl
ee CHARLEE
CHAR-
LEE ˈʃɑːli c
ha i [ˈʃɑ˞li]
rl /ˈʃɑrliː/ SHAR -
lee
DELLTAHor /ˈdɛltɑː/ DEL -
D Delta DELt
ah DELLTAH ˈdeltɑ de
lth [ˈdɛltʌ]
a

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet
DELL-
TAH tah 2/8
11/19/12 NATO phonetic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

DELL-
TAH tah
ECKOHor
E Echo EKKoh ECKOH ˈeko è
ko [ˈɛkoʊ] /ˈɛkoʊ/ EK -oh
ECK-
OH
FOKSTROTor /ˈfɒkstrɒt/
F Foxtrot FOKSt
rot FOKSTROT ˈfɔkstrɔt f
oxt
r t [ˈfɑkstrɑt]
ot
FOKS-TROT F O KS -trot

G Golf Gol
f GOLF GOLF ɡʌlf [
sic] g
olf [ˈɡʌl(f)] /ˈɡɒlf/ G O LF

H Hotel HOt
el
l HOHTELL HOHTELL or hoːˈtel h
otè
ll [hoʊˈtɛl] /hoʊˈtɛl/
HOH-TELL hoh-T EL

INDEEAHo r /ˈɪndiːɑː/ IN -
I India I
Nde
eah I
NDEEAH ˈindiˑɑ i
ndi
ah [ˈɪndi.ʌ]
IN-
DEE-AH dee-ah
/ˈdʒuːliːɛt/
Juliett JEWLEEETTor J EW -lee-et or
J J
EW l
eee
tt J
EW LEEETT ˈdʒuːliˑˈet dj
oul
ièt[ˌdʒuliˈɛt]
t
ATI
S:Juliet JEW-
LEE-ETT /ˌdʒuːliːˈɛt/
J EW -lee-ET

KEYLOHor /ˈkiːloʊ/ KEE -

K Kilo KEYl
oh KEYLOH ˈkiːlo ki
lo [ˈkiloʊ]
KEY-LOH loh
LEEMAHor /ˈliːmɑː/ LEE -
L Lima LEEma
h LEEMAH ˈliːmɑ l
ima
h [ˈlimʌ]
LEE-
MAH mah
M Mike Mi
ke MI
KE MI
KE mɑik ma
ïk [ˈmʌɪk] /ˈmaɪk/ MYK
NOVEMBERor novèmm [noʊ /noʊˈvɛmbər/
N November NOHv
emb
erNOVEM BER noˈvembə
NO-VEM-
BER ber ˈvɛmbɹ̩
] noh-VEM -bər[
15]

OSSCAHor /ˈɒskɑː/ O S -
O Oscar OSSc
ar OSSCAH ˈɔskɑ os r [ˈɑskɹ̩
ska ]
OSS-CAH kah
PAHPAH or /pɑːˈpɑː/
P Papa PAHpa
h PAHPAH pəˈpɑ pa h [pəˈpɑ]
hpa
PAH-PAH pah-PAH
KEHBECK or /kɛˈbɛk/
Q Quebec k
ehBECK KEHBECK keˈbek kébk [kɛˈbɛk]
è
KEH-BECK ke-BEK
ROWMEOHor /ˈroʊmiːoʊ/
R Romeo ROW meo
h ROW MEOH ˈroːmiˑo r o [ˈɹoʊmi.oʊ]
omi
ROW-
ME-OH RO H -mee-oh

SEEAIRAHor /siːˈɛrɑː/
S Sierra s
eeAI
Rah SEEAI
RRAH siˈerɑ s
ièrr
ah [siˈɛɾʌ]
SEE-AI
R-AH see-ERR -ah
TANGGOor /ˈtæŋɡoʊ/
T Tango TANGg
o TANGGO ˈtænɡo t
an o [ˈtæŋɡoʊ]
gg
TANG-
GO T ANG -goh

YOUNEEFORM /ˈjuːniːfɔrm/
youni
YOUNEEFORM or ˈjuːnifɔːm
f m, [ˈjunɪ̈
or fɔ˞m], EW-nee-form o r
U Uniform YOUn
eef
ormor YOU-NEE-FORM or
ouni [ˈunɪ̈
f ɔ˞m] /ˈuːniːfɔrm/
OONEEFORM or ˈuːnifɔrm f
or
m O O -nee-form
OO-NEE-FORM
VIKTAHor /ˈvɪktɑː/ VIK -
V Victor VI
Kte
r VI
KTAH ˈviktɑ v
ikt
ar [ˈvɪktəɹ]
VIK-TAH tah
WISSKEYor /ˈwɪskiː/ WIS -
W Whiskey WI
SSk
ey WI
SSKEY ˈwiski ou
isski [ˈwɪski]
WISS-
KEY kee

/ˈɛksreɪ/ EKS -
X-ray ECKSRAY[
sic]or ray or
X EKSr
ay ECKSRAY ˈeksˈrei è
ks é [ˈɛksɹeɪ]
sr
orXray
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet
ECKS-
RAY /ˌɛksˈreɪ/ EKS -3/8
11/19/12 NATO phonetic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

orXray ECKS-
RAY /ˌɛksˈreɪ/ EKS -
RAY

YANGKEY[sic]
/ˈjæŋkiː/
Y Yankee YANGke
e YANGKEY or ˈjænki y
angki [ˈjæŋki]
YANG -kee
YANG-KEY
ZOOLOOor /ˈzuːluː/ Z O O -
Z Zulu ZOOl
oo ZOOLOO ZOO-LOO ˈzuːluː z ou [ˈzulu]
oul loo

-
Dash /ˈdæʃ/ DASH
(
hyph
en)

Digits

Digit Code word Pronunciation SIO[

14] Wikipedia transcription
Ze
ro(FAA) ZE-
RO(ICAO),ZEROorZEE- RO(FAA) /ˈziːroʊ/ Z EE -roh
0 z
iro
Nada
z er
o(ITU,IMO) NAH-DAH- ZAY-ROH(ITU,IMO) /ˌnɑːˌdɑːˌzeɪˈroʊ/ NAH - DAH - Z AY - RO H
One(FAA) WUN(ICAO,FAA) /ˈwʌn/ WUN
1 ou
ann
Un
a one(ITU,IMO) OO-
NAH- WUN(ITU,IMO) /ˌuːˌnɑːˈwʌn/ O O - NAH - WUN
Two(FAA) TOO(ICAO,FAA) /ˈtuː/ T O O
2 t
ou
Bi
ss
otwo(ITU,IMO) BEES-SOH- TOO(ITU,IMO) /ˌbiːˌsoʊˈtuː/ BEE - SO H - T O O
Th
ree(FAA) TREE(ICAO,FAA) /ˈtriː/ T REE
3 t
ri
Te
rra
three(ITU,IMO) TAY-RAH- TREE(ITU,IMO) /ˌteɪˌrɑːˈtriː/ T AY - RAH - T REE
Fou
r(FAA) FOW-ER(ICAO),FOW ER(FAA) /ˈfoʊ.ər/ F O H -ər
4 f
oeu
r
Kar
tefour(ITU,IMO) KAR-
TAY- FOWER(ITU,IMO) /ˌkɑrˌteɪˈfoʊ.ər/ KAR - T AY - F O H -ər
Fi
ve(FAA) FI
FE(ICAO,FAA) /ˈfaɪf/ F YF [
16]
5 f
aïf
Pa
ntafi
ve(ITU,IMO) PAN-TAH- FIVE(ITU,IMO) /ˌpænˌtɑːˈfaɪv/ PAN - T AH - F YV
Si
x(FAA) SI
X(ICAO,FAA) /ˈsɪks/ SIKS
6 s
iks
Sox
isix(ITU,IMO) SOK- SEE- SI
X(ITU,IMO) /ˌsɔːkˌsiːˈsɪks/ SO K - SEE - SIKS
Se
ven(FAA) SEV-
EN(ICAO),SEV EN(FAA) /ˈsɛvɛn/ SEV -en
7 s
èvn
Se
tt
eseven(ITU,IMO) SAY-TAY-SEVEN(ITU,IMO) /ˌseɪˌteɪˈsɛvɛn/ SAY - T AY - SEV -en
Ei
ght(FAA) AI
T(ICAO,FAA) /ˈeɪt/ AYT
8 e
ït
Okt
oe ight(I MO) OK-
TU,I TOH- AIT(ITU,IMO) /ˌɔːkˌtoʊˈeɪt/ O K - T O H - AYT
Ni
ner(FAA)
NI
N-ER(ICAO),NIN ER(FAA) /ˈnaɪnər/ NY -nər[
17]
9 Ni
neor n i
n er(ICAO) n
aïn
eu
NO-VAY- NINER(ITU,IMO) /ˌnɔːvˌeɪˈnaɪnər/ NO V - AY - NY -nər
Nov
e nine(ITU,IMO)
100 Hu
ndr
ed(ICAO) HUN-
dre
d(ICAO) h
un-
drd /ˈhʌndrɛd/ HUN -dred
e
1000 Th
ous
and(ICAO) TOU-
SAND(ICAO) t
aouz
end/ˌtaʊˈsænd/ T O W- Z END [
18]

Poi
nt(
FAA)
.(
dec
ima
lpoi
nt
) DAY-
SEE-
MAL(ITU)(ICAO) dès
i l/ˌdeɪˌsiːˈmæl/ DAY - SEE - MAL
ma
Deci
ma l
(I
TU,I
CAO)

.
(fu
lls
top) St
op(ITU) STOP(ITU) /ˈstɔːp/ ST O P

Other words

Main article: Voice procedure

Seve
rali
mp or
ta
nts
hor
twor
dsan
dre
spon
sesh
aves
ete
qui
val
ent
sde
sig
nedt
oma
ket
hemmor
ere
li
abl
yin
tel
l
igi
bl
e,a
nda
reu
sedi
nth
esa
me
si
t
uati
onsasth
eNATOa l
pha
bet
.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet 4/8
11/19/12 NATO phonetic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For" yes"an d"

no"
,ra
dioop
era
tor
ssa
yaffirmative a
ndnegative,t
hou
ght
oav
oidpos
si
bl
econ
fus
ionaffirm i
ssome
ti
mesu
sedf
or
affirmative

"
Hel
p"i
smayday – emergency,of
t
ens
hor
ten
edt
omayday;t
hi
s"ma
yda
y"i
sba
sedonFr
enc
hm'aidez '
hel
pme
!'
.

Ackn
owledge
mentofamessag
eisexpr
ess
edwi
t
hroger message,of
t
ens
hor
ten
edt
oroger;"
rog
er"wa
sth
eWWI
I-e
rawor
dforR(
mode
rn
'
romeo'
),wh
ichs
toodfor"
rec
eive
d".

En
din
gat
urni
ssi
gna
ledbyover,s
hor
tforover to you;
thee
ndofame
ssa
gei
ssi
gna
ledbyout.

Telegraphe
seisus
ed,wi
thf
unct
ionswor
dsl
i
kethe, a/an, a
ndis/are d
roppe
d,andc ontr
act
ion
sareav
oid
edforf
ul
lf
ormss
ucha
sdo not
(don't)
. And,a
snot
edabov
e,stop i
sus
edt
oendas ent
e nce
,con t
rast
ingwi
thdecimal f
oradeci
mal
poin
tinanu
mber.

Pronunciation

Pro n
un ci
ati
o nsa r
es ome whatuncer
tai
nbecauseth
ea genci
es,whil
eos t
ensi
blyu si
ngthes amepro nu
nciat
i
o n
s, gi
vedif
fer
enttra
nscri
pt
ions
,
wh i
cha reo ft
eni nconsi
stent
fromlet
tertole
tte
r.TheICAOg iv
esdiff
erentpronu n
ciat
ionsinIPAt ra
nscri
pti
ont ha
ninrespel
li
ng,andth
eFAA
alsogivesd i
fferentpronunci
ati
onsdep e
ndin
go nth
ep ubli
cat
i
onc onsul
ted,theFAA Aeronautical Information Manual (
§4 -2-
7),t
heFAA
Flight Services man ual(
§1 4.1
.5),ort
heATC ma nual(§2-4-16).ATISg i
v esEn g
li
s hspel
li
ngs,butdoesno tgi
vepronunci
ati
onsor
numbe rs.Th eICAO, NATO,a n
dFAAu semo di
fi
cat
ionsofEn gl
i
shn u
me ral
s,wi t
hstressonon esyl
labl
e,wh il
etheI
TUa ndIMOc omp ou
nd
pseudo -Lati
n at
en ume ral
swithasli
ghtl
ydif
fer
ents
etof modi
fiedEn g
li
shn u
me rals
,andwi thstr
essone achsyll
able
.Nu mbers10–99a r
e
spell
edou t(t
hat i
s,1 7is"1-
7 "and60is"6-0")
,whil
eforhundredsandt hou
s a
n dstheEn gl
is
hwo r
dshundred a n
dthousand are
used.[
6 ]
[9]
[11][
12][
13]
[19]

Thepronu
n ci
ati
o noft
hedigi
ts3,4,5,and9d if
f
ersfromsta
nda r
dEngl
ish-bei
ngpron
o u
ncedtree, fower, fife, andniner.Thedi
gi
t3i
s
spec
if
ie
da stree soth
atiti
snotpronounc
ed"sri
";t
h elon
gpronunci
at
io
nof 4(st
i
llf
oun
dinsomeEn g l
is
hdia lects )kee
psi tsomewh
atdi
st
in
ct
f
romfor;5ispr onounce
dwi t
has e
c on
d" f
"becausethenor
ma lpr
onun
ciat
ionwi
tha"v"i
seasi
l
yc on fusedwi t
h" f
ir
e"(aco mmandt
oshoot
);
and9hasa nextrasyl
la
bletokee
pi tdi
sti
nctf
romGe r
mannein '
no'
.

On l
ytheICAOp re sc
ri
b esp r
on unci
ati
onwi tht h
eI PA, a
ndt he
non l
yfo rlett
ers
.[9]S e
vera lofthepron unci
a ti
on sin
dicateda resl
i
ghtl
ymo di
fi
ed
fr
omt hei
rn orma lEngli
shpr onunciat
ions
: /ˈælfɑ, ˈbrɑːˈvo, ˈʃɑːli, ˈdeltɑ, ˈfɔkstrɔt, ɡʌlf, ˈliːmɑ, ˈɔskɑ, siˈerɑ, ˈtænɡo,
ˈuːnifɔrm, ˈviktɑ, ˈjænki/,p ar
ti
all
yd uet ot hesub s
ti
tut
iono ffi
nalschwa swi ththeah v owe l
;ina ddi
tion, thei
n t
ende dd i
st
in
cti
onb et
we e
n
theshortvowe s/o ɑ ɔ/ a
l ndth elongvo wels/oː ɑː ɔː/ i so bscur
e,a ndh asbe enignor e
di nthec onsolidatedtranscrip
tionabove.Bothth
e
IPAa ndres pel
ledp ronunc i
a t
ionswe rede vel
o pe dbyt heICAOb ef
ore19 56wi thadvicef r
o mtheg ov er
nme ntsofbo t
ht heUn i
t
edSt at
esand
Un i
t
e dKing dom,[20]soth ep ron un
ciat
ionso fb othGe neralAme ri
canEn gl
ishandBr i
ti
shRe c ei
vedPr onun ciat
iona reevident,e
specia
ll
yinthe
rhot
icandn on -
rho t
icacce nts.Th erespell
edv e r
s i
onisu su
all
ya tleas
tc onsisten
t witharh oti
ca ccent('r'
pron ou nced),asinCHAR LEE,
SHAR LEE, NOVEM BER, YOU NEEFORM,a n dOO NEEFORM, whereastheI PAv ers
ionu suall
ys pe ci
f
iesan o
n -r
hot
icaccent('
r'
pronouncedo nlyb efo
reav owe l
),asinˈtʃɑːli, ˈʃɑːli,noˈvembə,a n dˈjuːnifɔːm. Excepti
on sareOSS CAH,VIK TAHa nd
ˈuːnifɔrm.Th eI PAf ormo fGolf impli
e si
tisp ron
ou ncedgulf,wh i
chi sn oteit
herGe n era
l Ame ri
canEn gli
shorBr i
t
ishRe cei
ved
Pronunci
ati
o n.Differe
nt age nciesassi
gndi f
ferent st
resspatt
ernstoBravo, Hotel, Juliett, November, Papa, X-ray;t heI CAOh asdi
ffe
rent
str
essesforBravo, Juliett, X-ray i
nitsrespe l
l
e da ndI PAtranscript
i
on s.Th emi db ack[ɔ] vowe ltra
n scr
ibe dinOscar a ndFoxtrot i
sa c
tual
l
y
alowv owe l i
nbo t
hRe c ei
v edBr i
ti
shandGe ne r
a lAme ri
can,andh asb eeni nt
erpretedass ucha bov e
.Fu rthermor e,thepron un
cia
tion
prescri
bedfor" wh i
skey"a g r
ee swithGe neralAme ri
canbu tnot wit
hRP,i nwh i
c htheh ofwh- i spron ounce d.

History
Thef
i
rsti
nte
rnat
i
onal
l
yrecog
niz
edspell
i
ngal
phab
etwasadopt
edbyt h
eI TUdur
ing1927.Theexper
ien
cegai
nedwi
ththa
ta l
pha
b e
tres
ult
edin
se
ver
alchan
gesbei
ngmadedur
ing1932byth
eITU.Theresu
lt
ingal
phabetwa
sa dopte
dbytheInt
erna
ti
onal
Commiss
ionforAirNavi
gat
ion
,
t
hepr
ed e
cess
oroft
heICAO,a n
dwa suse
dforci
vi
lav
iat
i
onu nt
i
l Worl
dWa rI
I.[
20]Itcon
ti
nue
dtob euse
db yt
heI
MOu nti
l1965:

Amsterdam Baltimore Casablanca Denmark Edison Florida Gallipoli Havana Italia Jerusalem Kilogramme Liverpool
Madagascar New_York Oslo Paris Quebec Roma Santiago Tripoli Upsala Valencia Washington Xanthippe Yokohama
Zurich

Br
it
is
handAme ri
c a
na r
medforceshade achdeve
lopedth
e i
rspel
li
ngal
phabet
sbeforebot
hforce
sadopte
dtheICAOa lpha
betduri
ng195 6.
Br
it
is
hforc
esa d
o pt
e dtheRAFp honet
ical
p h
abet
, whi
chi
ss i
mil
artoth
eph on
eti
calphabetu
sedbyt
h eRoya
l Navydur
ingWo r
ldWa rI.The
U.
S.adopte
dt h
eJ ointArmy/
Na vyPh onet
icAlph
a be
tduri
ng1941t os
tan
d ar
diz
esy s
temsamongal
lbran
chesofi
tsa
rme dfor
ces.Th
eU. S.
al
pha
betbecamekn owna sAble Baker a
ft
erthewo r
dsforAa ndB.TheUn i
te
dKi ngdomadapt
edit
sRAFa l
pha
betduri
ng1943tob e
al
mosti
dent
ic
altotheAme r
i
canJ oi
nt-Army-Navy(JAN)on e.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet 5/8
11/19/12 NATO phonetic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

AfterWo rl
dWa rII,withma nyai
rcraftandg round
personne lf
romt hea l
l
ieda r
me dfor
ce s,"AbleBa ker" Military alphabets before 1956
continuedtob euse dforcivi
lavi
ati
on. Bu tma nysounds
we reuniquetoEn gli
sh,soa nalt
ernat
ive" An aBrazi
l" Western Front slang U.S. phonetic
Royal Navy RAF phonetic alphabet
alphabetwa su s
edi nLa t
inAme ri
ca.Bu ttheI nt
ernat
ional or "signalese" alphabet
AirTr ansportAssoc i
ati
on(IATA) ,recog ni
zingtheneed 1914–1918 (WWI) 1924–1942 1943–1956 1941–1956
foras i
ng l
eu ni
versalal
phabet,pres
en te
dad raftal
pha be
t Apples Ack Ace Abl e/
Af f
ir
m Able
totheI CAOd u
ri
n g19 47thathadso undsc ommo nto Butter Be e
r Beer Ba ker Baker
Eng l
ish
, French,andSpa nis
h.Afterfurtherstudya n
d Cha r
li
e Cha r
li
e Charli
e Cha r
li
e Charl
ie
modi f
icati
onb yeac happ r
ovingbody, t
h erevisedalphabet Duff Don Don Dog Dog
wa simp l
eme nte
don1Nov emb er19 51f orcivi
lavi
ation Edwa rd Edwa rd Edwa rd Easy Easy
(butitma yn othavebe enadoptedb ya nymi l
it
ary)[
2
:0] Freddy Freddie Fre
dd ie Fox Fox
Ge or g
e Ge e Ge orge Ge or ge George
Ha rry Ha rr
y Ha rr
y How How
Alfa Bravo Coca Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel
I nk Ink Ink I
tem/Interrogator
y It
em
India Juliett Kilo Lima Metro Nectar Oscar
Jo hnn ie Johnn i
e Johnn i
e Ji
g/ J
ohnn y J
ig
Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Union Victor Ki ng King Ki ng King King
Whisky Extra Yankee Zulu Londo n Londo n Londo n Love Love
Monke y Emma Monk e
y Mike Mike
Prob le
mswe res oonf oundwi thth i
slist
.Someu sers Nut s Nuts Nut s Na b/Ne gat Nan
beli
e vedthattheywe resose veret hat t
heyrevertedtothe Or a nge Or a
ng es Or ange Oboe Oboe
old" AbleBa ker"a lphabet
.Toi de nti
fyth
ed efi
cienci
esof Pu ddi ng Pip Pip Peter/Pr e
p Pet
er
then ewa lphabet,testi
ngwa sc o ndu ct
eda mon gspeakers Que enie Que en Que en Qu ee n Qu e
en
fr
om31n ati
on s,princi
pall
yb yt heg ov e
rnme n
tso fth
e Robe rt Robe r
t Robe r
t Ro ge r Ro ge
r
Suga r Ess e
x Suga r Su ga r Sugar
Un i
tedKi ngdo ma n dtheUn i
te dSt a t
es.Con f
usionamo ng
Tommy Toc Toc Ta r
e Tare
wor dsli
k eDelta, Nectar,Victor,a ndExtra, orthe
Uncl e Uncl e Uncl e Un cle Un cl
e
unintel
l
igi
b i
l
ityof otherwor dsdu r
ingp oorreceivi
ng Vine gar Vi c Vi c Victor Vict
or
cond it
i
onswe rethema i
npro blems . Aft
ermu chs t
udy, Wi ll
ie Wi l
liam Wi l
liam Wi ll
iam Wil
li
am
onlyt h
efivewo rdsr e
p r
esenti
n gth elett
ersC, M,N, U, Xe rxes X- ra
y X-r a
y X- ray X-ray
andXwe rere pl
ac ed.TheICAOs entarecordingofthe Ye l
low Yor ker Yor ker Yoke Yoke
newRadiotelephony Spelling Alphabet t oallme mber Ze br a Zebr a Zebr a Ze bra Zebra
st
a t
e si
nNo vembe r19 5
5.[7
][8]T h efina
lversi
o ngive
nin
theta b
lea bovewa simp l
eme ntedb ytheICAOo n
1Ma r
ch19 56 [
,20]a n
dt heITUa do pt
editnol at
erthan1959wh e
nthe
yma n
da t
edit
susag
ev i
athe
iroff
i
cial
publ
ica
ti
o n
,Radio
Regulations.[21]Be causetheI TUg over
nsa l
lint
ernat
iona
lradi
ocommuni
cat
ions
,itwasal
soadopt
edbya ll
radi
oope r
ato
rs,whe
the
rmil
i
tar
y,
ci
v i
l
ia n
,o rama teur(ARRL) . Itwa sfina
ll
ya doptedb yth
eIMOi n1965.Dur
ing1947theITUadoptedthecompoundnumberwords
(Na dazeroUn aone, et
c.)
,lat
e ra do ptedbytheI MOd uri
ng1965.

Usage
Aspell
i
ngalphabeti
sus
edtospel
lpa
rtsofamessag
ec ont
ai
nin
glett
ersa
ndn u
mbe r
stoavoi
dc onf
usi
on,beca
u s
ema nylet
ter
ssou
n dsi
mil
ar
,
f
orins
tanc
e" n
"a n
d"m"or"b"an
d"d";thepot
ent
ia
lforconf
usi
onincr
eas
esifst
at
icorot
herint
erf
ere
n c
eisprese
nt.Forins
tanc
ethemessa
ge
"
proceedt
oma pg ri
dDH98"coul
dbetrans
mitt
edas"pr
oceedtoma pgri
dDe l
ta
-Hotel
-Nin
er-Ai
t".Usi
ng"Delt
a"ins
teadof"D"avoi
ds
c
on f
usi
onbetween"BH98"and"
DH9 8".Th
eu n
usualpr
onunci
at
ionofcer
tai
nnumberswasdesi
gnedtoreduceconfu
sion.

I
na ddi
ti
ontothetradit
ion
almili
t
aryusag
e,ci
vili
anind
ust
ryuse
stheal
phabettoavoi
ds i
mil
arproble
msinth etra
nsmissionofmessage
sb y
t
el
ep hon
es y
ste
ms .Fo rexample
, i
ti
soft
enusedinthere
tai
li
ndust
rywherecust
omerorsit
ede t
ail
sarespoke nbytel
e phone(t
oa ut
hori
zea
cr
editagr
eementorc onf
ir
ms tockcodes
),al
thoughadhoccodi
ngisoft
enu s
edinth
atins
tance
.Ithasbeenu sedoft
e nbyi n
for
ma t
ion
t
echnol
ogywo rkerstocommu ni
cateser
i
al/
ref
erencecod
es(whic
ha r
eoftenver
ylong)oroth
erspe c
ial
i
sedi n
format
ionbyv oi
ce.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,
mostmajorai
rl
ine
su sethea l
phabett
ocommu ni
catePas
senge
rNa meRe cor
ds(PNRs )i
nte
rnall
y,andi
ns omec ase
s ,withcus
tomers.

Se
verall
ett
ercode
sa n
dabbr
evi
ati
onsusi
ngth
es pe
ll
in
gal
phabe
t h
avebecomewel
l
-known,s
uchasBra
voZulu(l
ett
ercodeBZ)for"
well
do
ne"[
,22
]Ch e
ckpoin
tCha
rl
ie(Checkp
ointC)i
nBe rl
i
n,a
ndZuluTimef
orGree
nwic
hMe anTimeorCoor
din
atedUn i
ver
sal
Time.Dur
in
gthe
Vi
etn
amWa r,
VietCongg
uerr
il
la
sandthegroupi
tsel
fwer
eref
err
edtoasVC,orVic
torChar
li
e;t
hena
me"Ch a
rli
e"beca
mes yn
onymous
wi
thth
isfor
ce.

Variants
Aviation
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet 6/8
11/19/12 NATO phonetic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"
Delt
a"i
srep
lac
edby"
Data"
,"Di
xi
e"or"
Davi
d"a
tairpo
rtstha
tha
veamaj
ori
t
yofDel
taAirLi
nesfl
ig
hts
,su
cha
sHa
rts
fi
el
d-J
acks
on
At
la
ntaI
nte
rnat
i
ona
lAi
rpor
tinor
dert
oavoi
dcon
fus
ionbe c
ause"
Del
t
a"i
sal
soDel
ta
'sca
ll
sig
n.[
23]

Other

Manyunof
fi
ci
alspe
ll
in
ga l
phabe
tsareinus
etha
tar
enotbas
e donast
anda
rd,b
utareba
sedonwordst
hetr
ansmi
tte
rcanremembere
asi
l
y,
i
ncl
udi
ngf
ir
stnames,st
ate
s,orci
ti
es.TheLAPDphon
eti
calphabe
tha
sma n
yfi
rstn
ames
.TheGermanspe
ll
in
ga l
phabe
t("
De u
tsc
hes
Fun
kal
phabet
")al
sousesfi
rs
tnames.

Additions in other languages

Cer
tai
nla
ngu
age
s's
tan
dar
da l
phabet
shavel
et
te
rs,o
rlet
t
erswi
thdi
acr
i
ti
cs(
e.g
.,u
mla
uts
),th
atdonote
xis
tint
heEn
gli
sha
lph
abe
t.I
fth
ese
l
et
te
rshavet
wo-
let
t
erASCIIsubst
i
tut
es,t
heI
CAO/ NATOc o
dewordsf
ort
hetwol
ett
ersar
euse
d.

Finnish

I
nFinn
ish,t
her
ear
eal
sona
ti
onal
subst
i
tut
esf
orl
et
te
rswhi
chdonotoc
c u
rinEng
li
sh.Th
esea
rein
for
malnat
i
ona
lsu
bsti
t
ute
sa n
da r
enotu
sed
whe
nc ommuni
cat
i
ngwi
thn
on-Fi
nni
shper
son
nel
."
Åke"(
ama l
e'
sname)i
susedf
or å ,"Äit
i
"(mot
her
)for ä and"Öl
jy"(oi
l
)forö.

German and Swedish

I
nGer
ma na n
dSwe dis
h,Alfa-Alfa (
aa)i
sus
edf
or å ,Alfa-Echo (
ae)f
or ä ,Oscar-Echo (
oe)f
or ö ,Sierra-Sierra (
ss)f
orß,
a
ndUniform-Echo (
ue)f
or ü . [24
]

Czech

Cz
ech ů ,h
is
tor
ic
all
yuo,i
sUniform-Oscar (
uo)
.

See also
In
ter
n a
tionalCodeofSi
gna
ls(
in
clu
desf
l
agr
epr
ese
nta
ti
ons
)
LAPDph oneti
calph
abe
t
Li
stofmi l
it
aryti
mezone
s
Proc
e durewo r
d
Qc ode
Ten-
c ode
Voic
ep r
ocedure

References

1
.^ International Code of Signals (http://www.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=msi_portal_page_62&pubCode=0006)
,Un i
tedSt at
esEd i
ti
on,196 9Edi ti
on( Re vi
s e
d20 03 )
,Cha pter1 ,pa ges1 8–19 ,148 .
2
.^ Gl obal
izati
ona ndSeaPo we r(h tt
p: /
/www. i
sn.ethz.
ch /i
sn/Dig i
tal-Library/Publicati
ons/Detai
l/
? ots59 1=0c54e 3b3-1e9c-be1e-
2c24-
a6a8c7060 233&l ng=en&i d=11 08 04 )
3
.^ Commu nicati
o ninst
ruct i
on s–Ge neral(http:
//j
cs.dti
c.mi l/
j6/
cce b/acps/acp1 21/ACP1 21H.pdf ),Al li
edCommun icati
onsPub l
ica
ti
onACP
121(H),Co mb inedCo mmu ni
ca t
ions -ElectronicsBo ard,Apr il20 07,s ecti
on3 18
4
.^ "Th ep ostalHistoryo ftheI CAO"( http:/
/le
ga cy.i
cao.i
nt/icao/en/ hi
s t
/sta
mps /annex_10_a e
rona uti
ca l
_te l
ecommun i
cati
ons .
htm).ICAO.
htt
p:/
/l
egac y.i
ca o.i
nt/
icao/en/hist
/s t
a mps /annex_1 0_aerona ut
ical_te l
ecommun i
ca t
ions.
htm.Re trieved29Augu s t2012.
5
.^ "Alph a
b et-Ra di
otel
epho ny "(http://
leg acy.i
ca o
.int
/i
ca o/en/tr
ivia/alphabet.htm).I CAO.ht t
p://l
ega cy.icao.i
nt/i
cao/e
n/tri
via
/al
phabet.
htm.
Retri
eved2 9Au gust20 12.
.^a b "
6 Alli
a ncef orTe l
ecommun i
c at
ion sI ndus t
rySo luti
onsATI S- 01 00523. 2011,ATI STe l
ecom Gl os s
a r
y20 11"
(ht
tp:
//www. atis.
org/gl
os sary/definiti
on .aspx?i
d=25 68).At i
s .
or g.h tt
p://
www. ati
s.or
g/glossary/definit
ion.aspx?id
=256 8.Re t
ri
eved22Au gust
2010.
.^a b c Th
7 ea u diorecording,a vail
a blehe re[ 1](http:
//
www. air
wa ysmus eum. com/Phon eti
c%20a l
pha bet.htm),do esno tfol
low t
hed et
ail
softhe
ICAOt ran scr
iption.Ap artfrom t hed ua lpronu ncia
ti
onsofCharlie a ndUniform,t hespe ake
rus esth eno rmalEng l
ishpronunciat
ionsofthe
codewo rd s.
.^a b c Pa
8 mp h l
etincludedi nthe1 95 5I CAOph onographr e c
ordi ng,vi ewa bleatThe Postal History of ICAO, Ann ex1 0–Ae r
onauti
cal
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet 7/8
11/19/12 NATO phonetic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Teleco mmu nicat

ions( http://
le g
a cy.icao.
in t
/i
cao /
en/hist/
s tamps /annex _10 _a er
ona ut
ical_tel
ecommuni ca ti
ons .
htm)
.^a b c d e I
9 nt
ernati
onal Civ i
l Av ia
tionOr ga niza
tion,Aeronautical Telecommunications: Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation,Vo l
u meI I(Fifthe dit
ion,19 95 ),Cha pter5,3 8–40 .
10
.^ Mi lita
ryp honeti
ca lphabe tbyUSAr my( http:/
/www. ar my.c om/ i
n fo/al
pha bet)
1.^a b "
1 ITUPh oneti
cAl pha be tandFi gureCod e
"( htt
p: /
/l
ife.i
tu.ch /
rad i
ocl ub/rr/ap14 .
htm).Li fe.i
t
u. ch.ht tp:/
/l
ife.itu.
ch/radiocl
ub /rr
/ap14.
htm.
Retri
e ved2 2Au gust2 010.
1.^a b "
2 ICAOPh on et
icsint h eFAAATC Manual,§2 -4-16"
(ht
tp://www. faa.gov/ai
r_t raffic/pub l
icat
ions /
atpubs/ATC/ atc
020 4.html #atc02 04. ht
ml.5 ).Fa a.g
ov.1 1Fe bruary2 010.
htt
p:/
/ www. f
aa.gov/ai
r_t raffic/pub l
icati
on s/
atpub s/
ATC/ atc020 4.html #atc020 4. ht
ml .
5 .Re t
rieved22Aug us t2 010 .
1.^a b Ph
3 onet
ica l
phabetint heFAA Aeronautical Information Manual,§4 -2-7
(ht
tp://www. faa.gov/ai
r_t raffic/pub l
icat
ions /
atpubs/aim/Cha p4 /aim0 402. html)
1.^a b Se
4 rvi
ced el'
Informa t
ionAé ro nauti
qu e,Radiotéléphonie ( https://www. si
a .avi
ati
on -ci
vil
e .
go uv.fr/dossier/texteregl
e/RADI OTEL_ V2.pdf
),
2nde d i
ti
on,2 006
15
.^ TheI TUa ndICAO( roma nized)t ra
nscr i
bet hi
sa s/nɔːˈvɛmbər/ naw-V E M -bər,p resuma blya ne rror.
16
.^ Thep ronuncia
tion"fife"i sr equired.Fa il
uretous et hispr onun ciati
onh a sres ult
edin' 5'beingmi shea r
da s'9' .( McMi l
lan,1 998,
"Misc ommu nicati
onsi nAi rTr afficCon trol(http:/
/www. scr
ib d.com/ doc/196 4705 1/Mi scommu nicati
ons -in-Air- Traff
ic-Contr ol
#outer
_page_50
)
")
17
.^ Tr an scri
beda sifitwe r e/ˈnɪnər/ NI N -ər,b utthisp ronunc iati
oni sne verus ed.
18
.^ Tr an scri
beda sifitrhyme dwi thsand,b utth i
spr onunci at
ioni sne ve rus e d
.
19
.^ "ICAOp hone t
icalphabe tbyCa na da"(h t
tp:
//www. tc.gc.ca/e ng/civilavi
a ti
on /publi
cations/
tp11 957-a ppendi ces- appendi
xa -
11 82.htm).
Tc.gc .ca.20Ma y201 0.h ttp :
//
www. tc.gc.ca/eng/civil
aviati
on /publica t
ions /t
p1195 7-a ppendices-appe ndixa-1182. htm.Re tr
ieved2 2Au gust
2010.
2.^a b c d L.
0 J.Ro se,"Av i
a ti
o n'sABC:Th ed evelopme n toft heI CAOs pe l
l
inga l
pha bet",ICAO Bulletin 11/ 2( 1956)12– 14.
21
.^ In t
e rnati
onalTe l
ecommu n i
ca ti
onUni on,"Ap pendix1 6:Ph one ticAl pha be tandFi gur eCo de",Radio Regulations ( Geneva,19 59)430–431.
22
.^ "Wh e
redo esthete r
m" Br avoZul u"or i
g i
nate?"
(ht
tp://web.archi
v e.
org/we b/20 050 306051 400/http:
//www. c
hi nfo.na vy.mi l/
na vpali
b/qu est
ions/bzulu.html ).6Ma r
ch2 005.Ar chi
v e
df r
omt he
ori
gina l(ht
tp:
//www. chinfo .navy .mil/
navp ali
b/questions/bzulu.html )on6Ma r ch2 005 .
htt
p:/
/ we b.
archive.
or g
/we b/2 00503 0605 1400 /
h t
tp:/
/www. chinfo.nav y.mi l/
navpa l
i
b/qu esti
ons/bzulu.html .Re t
r i
e ved22Aug us t201 0.
23
.^ Ci vilAv i
ati
onAu t
hority," Ai r
cra ftCa l
lSignCo nfus i
onEva l
u ati
onSa fe
tySt udy"( http:/
/www. ca a
.co. uk/docs /33 /
CAP704 .
pd f),Apr i
l2000
24
.^ "Sa mb a
ndsregelme nt
ef örFö rsvarsma kten,Te lef
oni –HKV12800 :70799"da ted26J une200 6.

External links
Ph
on et
ict
ranscri
ptiont ool(
http:
//
www. radi
o s
pell
ing.
com/)
Mil
it
aryAlpha be
ta ndt ra
nsla
toro nMi l
i
tary
Sp ot
.com( ht
tp:
//
www. mil
it
ary
spo t
.co
m/res
ources
/i
tem/mil
i
tar
y_alpha
bet)
Ph
on et
icAlphabets, Hist
ori
c,En gl
is
h&Ot hersplusothe
rCommsI nf
o.(ht
tp:/
/www.phonet
i
c.or
g .
au/a
lphab
et.h
tm)
Mostcomp rehens
iv ecoll
ecti
ono fpho n
eti
ca l
phabets(ht
tp:
//
www. bckel
k.ukfs
n.or
g/menu
.ht
ml)
Onl
ineuti
l
it
yf orphon etic
isi
ngtext(ht
tp:
//
www. ph
on et
ic
ise
.com/)
Pu
bli
cI CAOs i
te(h t
tp://
www. ic
ao.i
nt/)
Googl
eGa dge t
s:
NATOp hone t
icalphabetGo o
g l
eGa dgetcheatshee
t(htt
p:
//www.falke
ns-maze
.com/a
rti
cl
es/39-r
efe
rence/
55-na
to-
pho
net
i
c-
al
phabe t
.ht
ml )
Spel
l I
tOu t!(Al phaBr a
voCh a r
li
e)(ht
tp:
//
www. braj
u .
com/i
g/)

Re
tri
eve
dfrom"
ht
tp:
/
/en
.wi
ki
pedi
a.
org
/w/
i
ndex.
php?t
it
l
e=NATO_phonet
i
c_al
phabe
t&o
ldi
d=52
2835932"
Cat
egor
ies
:NATO Ama t
eurr
adi
o Lat
in
-al
phabe
trepr
ese
nta
ti
ons Mil
i
tar
ycommun
ica
ti
ons Spel
l
inga
lph
abe
ts

Thi
spagewasl
astmodi
fi
edon1
3November2012a t15:
34.
Texti
sava
il
abl
eunde
rtheCr
eat
i
veCommonsAttri
buti
on-
Share
Ali
keLice
nse;a
ddit
iona
lter
msma yappl
y.Se
eTe
rmso
fUs
efor
de
tai
ls
.
Wiki
pedi
a®isaregi
st
ere
dtr
ade
mar
kofth
eWi kimediaFoun
dati
on,I
nc.
,anon-pr
ofi
torga
niz
ati
on.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet 8/8