McGill University Nov.

3, 2016
Midterm examination (Solutions)

Advanced Calculus for Engineers

Math 264
Nov. 3, 2016
Time: 14:35 - 16:00

Prof. R. Choksi

Student name (last, first) Student number (McGill ID)

INSTRUCTIONS
1. You are allowed one double-sided sheet of information on 8.5 x 11 inches paper.
2. Calculators are NOT permitted.
3. The exam is 85 minutes.
4. Make sure you READ CAREFULLY the question before embarking on the solution.
5. Show your work.
6. This exam comprises 6 pages (including the cover page). Please provide all your answers on this
exam.

Problem 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Mark

Out of 10 10 10 10 10 50
Math 264 Midterm Examination Page 2 Nov. 3, 2016

Question 1a (5 pts) Consider a 2D force field defined by

F(x, y) = h 2x , 2y i .

Find the work done by the force field in moving a particle along the curve
D p E
r(t) = 2t, t2 + 1 , from t = 0 to t = 1.

Solution: This field 2 2

√ is conservative. The potential is φ(x, y) = x + y . The curve goes from the
point (0, 1) to (2, 2). Hence the work done is
√
φ(2, 2) − φ(0, 1) = 4 + 2 − 1 = 5.

Question 1b (5 pts) Let F = h xy , yz , xzi Let S be the part of the cylinder x2 + z 2 = 1 which
lies above the xy plane and between the planes y = −1 and y = 1. Orient the surface with the
outer normal. Write down a double iterated integral with respect to x and y which gives
ZZ
F · dS.
S

Solution: Best to parametrize the surface with x and y, and view this as the graph of the level
set of G(x, y, z) = x2 + z 2 − 1 = 0 which lies above the square in the xy plane: −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
and −1 ≤√ y ≤ 1. Note that on the surface we can solve for z in terms of x and y, indeed,
z(x, y) = 1 − x2 . Hence
1 1
∇G
ZZ Z Z
F · dS = F(x, y, z(x, y)) · dx dy.
S −1 −1 G3
D √ E
Z 1 Z 1 D p p E 2x , 0 , 2 1 − x2
= xy , y 1 − x2 , x 1 − x2 · √ dx dy
−1 −1 2 1 − x2
Z 1Z 1
x2 y + x(1 − x2 )
= √ dx dy.
−1 −1 1 − x2
∇G
Note here we chose the positive sign for G3 as this points upwards.
Math 264 Midterm Examination Page 3 Nov. 3, 2016

Question 2 Suppose a bug lives in the xy plane. Suppose that at all times, the temperature at
any point (x, y) in the xy plane is given by

y2
T (x, y) = x + .
2
The bug always travels at a constant speed and starts at the point (1, 1).
a) (5 pts) Suppose the bug moves in such a way as to get warmest the fastest. On what curve
does the bug move? Describe the curve via a precise equation involving x and y.

Solution: The bug will move in the direction of the gradient

∇T (x, y) = h 1 , y i .

Recall from class, to find curves whose tangent is parallel to this vector field we solve
dy y
= = y.
dx 1
These curves have the form
y = Cex ,
for some constant C. The curve which contains the point (1, 1) has constant C = 1e . Thus we move
along the curve
1
y = ex = ex−1 ,
e
in the direction of increasing x.

b) (5 pts) Suppose the bug moves in such a way that its temperature does not change. On what
curve does the bug move? Describe the curve via a precise equation involving x and y.

Solution: T (1, 1) = 23 . We move on the curve defined by the equation

3
T (x, y) = .
2
This is the curve
y2 3
x+ = .
2 2
Math 264 Midterm Examination Page 4 Nov. 3, 2016

Question 3 (10 points) a) (5 pts) Suppose the velocity of the fluid particle at any point (x, y, z)
is given by
v(x, y, z) = h 2 , 5 , 7 i.
The unit of length for x,y, and z is meters, and the units of each component of v are in meters per
second. Suppose the fluid has a constant density of 100 kg per meter3 . Let S be the inside of the
triangle in the yz plane with vertices at (0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1). What is the mass of fluid which
flows through S in the i direction in a 10 second interval?

Solution: We first find the fluid flow rate

ZZ
v · dS
S

which gives the volume per unit time of fluid flowing through S in the i direction at any time. This
is easy, it is simply 2 times the area of the triangle which is 1/2. Hence it is 1. Then we multiply
by 100 kg/meter3 to the mass per unit time, and finally multiply by 10 seconds. Hence the answer
is 1000 kg.

b) (5 pts) Now suppose the velocity of the fluid particle at any point (x, y, z) depends on time as
well and is given by
v(x, y, z, t) = h2t , 5t , 7t i.
Suppose again the units of each component of v are in meters per second (this means the constants
have units as well). What is the mass of fluid which flows through S (given in part a) in the i
direction from t = 1 to t = 10 seconds.

Solution: Now we find that the fluid flow rate

ZZ
v · dS
S

depends on time. It is t meters3 per second. We again multiply by the density 100 kg per meter3
to find that the rate of mass per unit time is 100t kg/s. Finally we must integrate this from t = 0
to t = 10. That is, the mass of fluid which flows through S (given in part a) in the i direction from
t = 1 to t = 10 seconds is
Z 10  
100 1
100 t dt = 100 − = 5000 − 50 = 4950 kg.
1 2 2
Math 264 Midterm Examination Page 5 Nov. 3, 2016

Question 4 (10 pts) Let p

F = hz , x2 + y 4 + z 2 , xyi.
Consider the boundary of the pyramid with base vertices (1, 0, 1), (1, 0, −1), (−1, 0, 1), (−1, 0, −1)
lying in the xz plane and its apex point at (0, 10, 0). I included a picture of a pyramid on the
cover but there the base appears to be in the xy plane: Now the base lies in the xz plane. Let S
be the part of this boundary which does not include the base (i.e. the square in the xz plane).
Orient S with the outer normal. Use Stokes’ Theorem to evaluate
ZZ
curl F · dS.
S

Solution: By Stokes’ Theorem this flux is

Z
F · dr,
C

where C is the base square in the xz plane oriented couterclockwise from the perspective of the
apex point. This square has four sides. On the sides where x is fixed (either ±1) but z changes
form −1 to 1, the integrals are zero since in both cases dr (which points in the z direction ) and
on these line segments, the third component of F is 0.
On each side where z is fixed (either ±1) but x changes from −1 to 1, we find that the line integral
is simply 2. Hence Z
F · dr = 4.
C
Though since I also got confused with the orientation when I first did the problem, I accepted for
full credit −4 as well!!!
Math 264 Midterm Examination Page 6 Nov. 3, 2016

Question 5 (10 pts) Suppose F is a 3D vector field for which the following two pieces of information
are given:
p
1. F(x, y, z) = hx, y, zi if 2 ≤ x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 7.
2. The flux of F out of the sphere radius 3 centred at the origin is 8π.
From this information alone find the flux out the sphere of radius 5 centred at the origin.
That is, evaluate ZZ
F · dS,
S
where S is the sphere of radius 5 centred at the origin oriented with the outer normal. Hint: use
the Divergence Theorem.

Solution: Here are two ways to solve the problem. They give different answers!!! I accepted both
answers for full credit and gave extra credit if there was any discussion of what happened. I will
give you both answers and then explain why the problem yielded two answers – in other words,
why there was “a problem with the problem!”

Answer 1: Here I could ignore the hint and only use the first piece of information since I give you
the flux on and around the sphere of radius 5. This is one of the easy integrals we talked about:
since F · N = 5 on the sphere the flus is simply 3 times the area of the sphere:
5 × 4π25 = 500π.
However: note that you can NOT use the Divergence Theoremp with only first piece of information
as you only know the divergence in the annular region 2 ≤ x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 7.

Answer 2: Let S be the sphere of radius 5 centered at the origin oriented with the outer normal.
Note that
ZZ ZZ
F·dS = F·dS + (flux into the sphere of radius 3) + (flux out of the sphere of radius 3).
S S
From information 2, the flux out of the sphere of radius 3 is 8π. On the other hand, by the
Divergence Theorem
ZZ ZZZ
F · dS + (flux into the sphere of radius 3) = div F dxdydz.
S annular region

In the annular region, the divergence is the constant 3. Hence the integral over the annular region
is 3 times its volume,
 
4π 3 4π 3
3 5 − 3 = 4π(125 − 27) = (4 × 98)π.
3 3
Thus the answer is 8π + (4 × 98)π = 400π

So what
p happened?: First off, the first piece of information should have been given from
3 < x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 7 so as to not contradict the second piece of information. But even then we
would have gotten two different answers. This was because by joining two pieces of information,
we invariably introduced discontinuities in the vector fields. These discontinuities mean that we
can not piece the two together the way we did in the first equation of Answer 2. For that to work,
we need F to be continuous across the sphere of radius 3. So to conclude, Answer 1 is correct BUT
given the hint, I accepted both even if you did not see the issue with Answer 2.