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    Notes On Affix

    Uploaded by

    renata kristi
    1. Afixes in Malay include prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. Common prefixes include me-, ber-, per-, ter-, se-, and pe-. Prefixes add meaning related to verbs, nouns, location, and quantity. 2. Common suffixes include -kan, -i, and -an. Suffixes can turn verbs into nouns, indicate repetition, or denote tools and results. 3. Combining prefixes and suffixes follows rules about separating or combining the elements. Prefix-suffix combinations further specify meanings related to states, processes, and locations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Notes On Affix

    Uploaded by

    renata kristi
    97 views6 pages
    1. Afixes in Malay include prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. Common prefixes include me-, ber-, per-, ter-, se-, and pe-. Prefixes add meaning related to verbs, nouns, location, and quantity. 2. Common suffixes include -kan, -i, and -an. Suffixes can turn verbs into nouns, indicate repetition, or denote tools and results. 3. Combining prefixes and suffixes follows rules about separating or combining the elements. Prefix-suffix combinations further specify meanings related to states, processes, and locations.

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    1. Afixes in Malay include prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. Common prefixes include me-, ber-, per-, ter-, se-, and pe-. Prefixes add meaning related to verbs, nouns, location, and quantity. 2. Common suffixes include -kan, -i, and -an. Suffixes can turn verbs into nouns, indicate repetition, or denote tools and results. 3. Combining prefixes and suffixes follows rules about separating or combining the elements. Prefix-suffix combinations further specify meanings related to states, processes, and locations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    97 views6 pages

    Notes On Affix

    Uploaded by

    renata kristi
    1. Afixes in Malay include prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. Common prefixes include me-, ber-, per-, ter-, se-, and pe-. Prefixes add meaning related to verbs, nouns, location, and quantity. 2. Common suffixes include -kan, -i, and -an. Suffixes can turn verbs into nouns, indicate repetition, or denote tools and results. 3. Combining prefixes and suffixes follows rules about separating or combining the elements. Prefix-suffix combinations further specify meanings related to states, processes, and locations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    AFIKS (IMBUHAN)

    affix

    A. Prefiks (awalan)
    [attached to the beginning of a word]

    1. Me-
    [function : verb in active sentence]

    me- : l, m, n, r, w, x, y, z
    mem- : b, f, p, v
    men- : c, d, j, t
    meny- :s
    meng- : vowel, g, h, k, q, x
    menge- : satu suku kata (one syllable that doesn’t neccessarily hold any meaning by
    itself)
    me- : k, p, t, s
    * ‘K, p, t, s’ special rules:
    a. If the original word is followed by vowel, then they are dissolved as follows;
    K —> ng
    P —> m
    T —> n
    S —> ny

    b. If the original word is followed by consonants, then you use the ‘ng, m, n, ny’ but
    keep the ‘k, p, t, s’ behind them;

    c. If the original word is followed by consonants but you want to turn the original
    word into a noun using the prefix pe-, then ‘k, p, t, s’ dissolve following the
    rule in point ‘a’;

    d. The ‘dissolution rule’ does not apply to certain words because they are used like
    that generally;
    - kaji (review) —> mengkaji
    - punya (own) —> mempunyai
    - syair (poetry) —> penyair

    2. Ber-
    [function : verb in active sentence]

    a. Meaning : doing it with each other


    b. Meaning : showing location
    c. Meaning : emits something
    d. Meaning : using/wearing something

    * Special rules:
    - If the original word starts with ‘r’ or if the original word first letter is followed
    by ‘er’, then prefix ‘ber-’ becomes ‘be-’. So, you should not double the ‘r’;

    - For the word ajar (teach), prefix ‘ber-’ becomes ‘bel-’;

    3. Per-
    [function : noun]
    The rules are the same as ‘ber-’

    a. Meaning : to divide or to split something


    b. Meaning : who produces
    c. Meaning : making something more …

    4. Ter-
    [function : verb in passive sentence]
    The rules are the same as ‘ber-’

    a. Meaning : suddenly happened


    b. Meaning : accidentally happened
    c. Meaning : already been done
    d. Meaning : most …
    e. Meaning : in a continuous state
    f. Meaning : possible to be …
    5. Se-
    [function : showing quantity or adverb]

    a. Meaning : one/a
    b. Meaning : the entire
    c. Meaning : after

    6. Pe-
    [function : noun]
    The rules are the same as ‘me-’

    a. Meaning : tools
    b. Meaning : character
    c. Meaning : occupation
    d. Meaning : doing something (similar to occupation, only the activity is not
    necessarily considered as an occupation)
    e. Meaning : causing something

    6. Di-
    [function : verb in passive sentence]

    * Rules:
    - Written as one word if combined with the original word;
    - Written separately into two words if it is to show location—as in ‘DI, ke, dari’.

    B. Infiks (sisipan)
    [in the middle; usually attached in between the first and second letter of a word]
    -er-, -el-, -em- dan -in-.

    a. Meaning : showing large amount or variation of something


    b. Meaning : frequency intensity
    c. Meaning : have the same meaning as the original word (generally used that way)
    d. Meaning : have a more specific meaning than its original word
    C. Sufiks (akhiran)
    [attached to the end of a word]

    1. -kan
    [function : verb]

    a. Meaning : make something becomes


    b. Meaning : doing something for others

    2. -i
    [function : noun]

    a. Meaning : adding/giving
    b. Meaning : repeatedly
    c. Meaning : make something becomes

    3. -an
    [function : noun]

    a. Meaning : around (certain amount)


    b. Meaning : plentiful/a bunch of
    c. Meaning : tools
    d. Meaning : consequence/result

    2. -nya
    [function : adverb]

    a. Meaning : conclusion
    b. Meaning : matter
    c. Meaning : to emphasize
    d. Meaning : third person pronoun

    D. Konfliks (awalan dan akhiran)


    [attached to the beginning, the middle and the end of a word]
    * Rules:
    - If there are two words and you only need to add prefix, then do not combine them into one word;
    - If there are two words and you need to add both prefix and suffix, then combine them into one
    word.

    1. Ke—an
    [function : abstract noun]

    a. Meaning : state/situation/condition
    b. Meaning : intensity/overly…
    c. Meaning : quite…/rather…

    2. Pe(n)—an

    a. Meaning : other forms of the original word (mostly noun)


    b. Meaning : process/action
    c. Meaning : output
    d. Meaning : tools
    e. Meaning : location/place

    3. Per-an
    a. Meaning : location/place/area
    b. Meaning : output
    c. Meaning : matter
    d. Meaning : variation of something

    4. Se-nya
    *usually used in conjunction with repeated word
    a. Meaning : adverb
    b. Meaning : superlative

    E. Imbuhan asing (usually derived from English)


    [attached to the end of a word]
    1. -is
    [function : adjective, noun]
    a. Meaning : characteristic
    b. Meaning : belief/view (understanding) [e.g. ideology]
    c. Meaning : doer

    2. -isme
    [function : noun]
    a. Meaning : teachings/doctrine
    b. Meaning : genre/ism
    c. Meaning : concept (ideology)

    3. -isasi
    [function : noun]

    4. -i, -wi, -iah


    [function : adjective]

    5. -man, -wan, -wati


    [function : noun]

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