Chapter 5. Test Concerning Two Means PDF

2/27/18
1. Two different brands of fertilizer might be tested

to see whether one is better than the other for
growing plants.
2. Two brands of cough syrup might be tested to see
whether one brand is more effective than the
other.
3. Two different teaching strategies might be
conducted to see whether one strategy is more
effective in increasing the academic performance
of the students than the other.
 When comparing two means by using the t test, the
researcher must decide if the two samples are
independent or dependent.
 Suppose a researcher wishes to determine whether there
is a difference in the average age of education students
who enroll in an education program at a community
college and those who enroll in an education program at a
university.
 His research question is, Does the mean age of education
students who enroll at a community college differ from the
mean age of education students who enroll at a university?
µ1 = mean age of all beginning education
students at the community college
µ2 = mean age of all beginning education
students at the university
Ho: mean age of all beginning education
students at the community college is
equal to the mean age of all beginning
education students at the university
Ho: 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 or 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 0
Ho: mean age of all beginning education
students at the community college is NOT
equal to the mean age of all beginning
education students at the university
Ha: 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2 or 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 ≠ 0
1. Both samples are random samples.
2. The samples must be independent of each other.
That is, there can be no relationship between the
subjects in each sample.
3. The standard deviations of both populations must
be known and both sample sizes is greater than or
equal to 30
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − (𝜇1 − 𝜇2 )
𝑧=
2 2
𝜎1 𝜎2
+
𝑛1 𝑛2
In the comparison of two
sample means, the
difference may be due to
chance, in which case the
null hypothesis will not be
rejected and the researcher
can assume that the means
of the populations are
basically the same. The
difference in this case is not
significant.
 If the difference is
significant, the null
hypothesis is rejected
and the researcher can
conclude that the
population means are
different.
The Bureau of the Census reports that the average commuting time for
citizens of both Kabankalan City and Bacolod City, is approximately 30
minutes. To see if their commuting times appear to be any different in
the summer, random samples of 40 drivers were surveyed in each city
and the average commuting time for the month of April was calculated
for both cities. The results are provided below. At the 0.05 level of
significance, can it be concluded that the commuting times are
different in the summer?
Kabankalan City Bacolod City
Sample size 40 40
Sample mean 45 min 35 min
Population standard deviation 10 min 5 min
In a study of women science majors, the following data were
obtained on two groups, those who left their profession
within a few months after graduation (leavers) and those who
remained in their profession after they graduated (stayers).
Test the claim that those who stayed had a higher science
grade point average than those who left. Use α = 0.05.
The dean of students wants to see whether there is a
significant difference in ages of resident students and
commuting students. She selects a sample of 50 students
from each group. The ages are shown here. At  = 0.05,
decide if there is enough evidence to reject the claim of no
difference in the ages of the two groups. Use the standard
deviations from the samples.
Resident Students Commuting Students
22 25 27 23 26 28 26 24 25 20 18 20 19 18 22 25 24 35 23 18
26 24 27 26 18 19 18 30 26 18 23 22 28 25 20 24 26 30 22 22
18 19 32 23 19 19 18 29 19 22 21 18 20 19 26 35 19 19 18 19
18 22 26 19 19 21 23 18 20 18 32 29 23 21 19 36 27 27 20 20
22 21 19 21 21 22 18 20 19 23 21 18 19 23 20 19 19 20 25 22
Assumptions for the t Test for Two Independent Means When
𝜎1 and 𝜎2 are Unknown
1. The samples are random samples.

2. The sample data are independent of one another.
3. When the sample sizes are less than 30, the populations
must be normally or approximately normally distributed.
Case 1: Variances are assumed to be equal but unknown
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − (𝜇1 − 𝜇2 )
𝑡=
1 1
𝑠𝑝 +
𝑛1 𝑛2
𝑛1 − 1 𝑠12 + 𝑛2 − 1 𝑠22
𝑠𝑝 =
𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2
 where the degrees of freedom is equal to 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2
Case 2: Variances are assumed to be unequal
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − (𝜇1 − 𝜇2 )
𝑡=
2 2
𝑠1 𝑠2
+
𝑛1 𝑛2
 where the degrees of freedom are equal to the smaller of
n11 or n21.
2 2
Ho: 𝜎1 = 𝜎2 (Population variances are equal)
2 2
Ha: 𝜎1 ≠ 𝜎2 (Population variances are not equal)
𝑠12
Test Statistic: 𝑓 =
𝑠12
Critical Region: 𝑓 < 𝑓1− 𝛼 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 or 𝑓 > 𝑓𝛼 𝑣1 , 𝑣2
2 2
𝑣1 = 𝑛1 − 1, 𝑣2 = 𝑛2 − 1
According to Nielsen Media Research, children (ages 2–11)
spend an average of 21 hours 30 minutes watching television per
week while teens (ages 12–17) spend an average of 20 hours 40
minutes. Based on the sample statistics obtained below, is there
sufficient evidence to conclude a difference in average television
watching times between the two groups? Use α = 0.01.
 The times (in minutes) it took 6 white mice to learn to run a
simple maze and the times it took 6 brown mice to learn to
run the same maze are given here. At  = 0.05, does the
color of the mice make a difference in their learning rate?
White Mice Brown Mice

18 24 20 25 16 19
13 15 12 14 16 10
 The weights in ounces of a sample of running shoes
for men and women are shown. Test the claim that
the means are different. Use α = 0.05.
Determine whether there is a significant
difference on your variable of interest
between male and female respondents?
Use 0.05 level of significance

Chapter 5. Test Concerning Two Means PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 5. Test Concerning Two Means PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 5. Test Concerning Two Means PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2/27/18

1. Two different brands of fertilizer might be tested

1. The samples are random samples.

White Mice Brown Mice

You might also like