International General Certificate of Secondary Education

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 0453/2
PAPER 2
MAY/JUNE SESSION 2002
2 hours 15 minutes
Additional materials:
Answer paper

TIME 2 hours 15 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer
paper/answer booklet.
Answer both questions.
Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.
If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
You should read and study the sources before answering the questions.

This question paper consists of 8 printed pages.

SPA (SJF2378/CG) S21712/3
© CIE 2002 [Turn over
 2

1 Study Fig.1 which shows information about the world’s urban population.

Urban population in millions

6000
5000
4000 Developing
Countries
3000
Developed
2000 Countries
1000
0
1970 2000 2025
(predicted)
Year

Fig. 1

(a) (i) By how much did the urban population of the world increase between the year 1970 and
2000? [1]
(ii) According to Fig. 1 where will most of the urban population of the world be living by the
year 2025? [1]
(iii) Give two reasons why the urban population of the developed countries is hardly
expected to grow at all. [2]
(iv) By how many millions is the urban population of the developing countries expected to
rise between the years 2000 and 2025? Suggest two reasons for this increase. [3]

0453/2/M/J/02
 3

(b) Study Fig. 2.

Push PULL

Rural areas Rural–urban migration

City

Fig. 2

(i) Define the terms

A push factor,
B pull factor. [2]
(ii) Describe some of the problems of living in rural areas that sometimes force people to go
to the cities. [3]
(iii) What name is given to the areas of the city where these people often go to live? [1]
(iv) In which part of the city are the areas you have named in (iii) usually found? [1]
(v) Why is it difficult for government to improve the housing and living conditions in these
areas? [4]

(c) Study Fig. 3.

% Population with clean water

in selected countries

100
80
60 Urban
%

40 Rural
20
0
Chile Brazil Ghana India Sudan

Fig. 3

(i) Which country has the lowest percentage of the population with clean water in both
urban and rural areas? [1]
(ii) What does the graph show about the differences in access to clean water between urban
and rural areas? [1]
(iii) Suggest two reasons for these differences. [2]
(iv) Suggest some of the economic and technical difficulties that governments have in
bringing clean water to urban populations. [3]
0453/2/M/J/02 [Turn over
 4

(d) Study Fig. 4 which shows women street sellers in Georgetown, the capital city of Guyana.

Fig. 4

(i) In which sector of the economy are the women working? [1]
(ii) Give three reasons why many people coming into the city have to work in this sector of
the economy. [3]
(iii) What is the ditch in the bottom of the picture? [1]
(iv) Explain why this ditch could cause disease problems. [3]
(v) Describe another source of pollution that is shown in the photograph. Why might this
lead to health problems for the women in the picture? [2]

[35 marks]

0453/2/M/J/02
 5

2 Study Fig. 5 which shows the international trade of Country A.

Imported goods Exported goods

Country A

Money out Money in

Fig. 5

(a) (i) The goods that Country A exports are mainly tropical foods and minerals. What is the
name given to this type of product? [1]
(ii) What type of products does Country A import? [1]
(iii) What kind of balance of trade does Country A have? [1]
(iv) Give two reasons for this balance of trade. [2]
(v) What name is given to trade in services like tourism? [1]
(vi) Suggest three ways in which Country A might improve its balance of trade. [3]

0453/2/M/J/02 [Turn over

 6

(b) Study Fig. 6.

Balance of Payments of Country A in the year 2000

Money coming in Money going out

US$ millions US$ millions

Exports 100 Imports 300

Loans Interest & loan
100 50
repayments
Remittance from Profits to overseas
50 50
workers overseas companies
Foreign investment 50

Total 300 400

Fig. 6

(i) Explain the difference between balance of trade and balance of payments. [3]
(ii) Calculate the difference between the money coming in and the money going out of
country A in the Year 2000. [1]
(iii) Suggest three difficulties this balance of payments will create in Country A. [3]

0453/2/M/J/02
 7

(c) Study Fig. 7 which is a world map of NICs.

A
Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Fig. 7

(i) What do the letters NIC stand for? [1]

(ii) What does the line A-B on the map represent? [1]
(iii) In which two continents are most of the NICs? [2]

(d) Study Fig. 8 which shows changes in the percentage share of manufactured goods in the
exports of South Korea.

100
% share of manufactured

90
80
70
60 Exports
goods

50
40
30
20
10
0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year

Fig. 8

(i) Describe, using the data in Fig. 8, the changes in the share of manufactured goods in the
exports of South Korea. [3]
(ii) Describe three ways in which the governments of NICs encourage manufacturing
production. [3]

0453/2/M/J/02 [Turn over

 8

(e) Study Fig. 9.

The sales of some MNCs compared with the GDP of selected

Countries in 1997
(GDP is the value of output produced within a country)

180
160
US $billions

140
120 Total sales or
100
80 total GDP
60 per year
40
20
0
General Thailand Mitsubishi South Toyota Malaysia
Motors Africa

Fig. 9

(i) What is meant by MNCs? [1]

(ii) Name one MNC that operates in your country. [1]
(iii) What does Fig. 9 show about MNCs and the selected countries? [1]
(iv) Give three reasons why countries often invite a MNC to invest in their export industries.
[3]
(v) Suggest three disadvantages of a country depending on MNCs to build up its industries.
[3]

[35 marks]

Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 1. Fig. 4. Robert B Potter, Tony Binns, Jennifer a Elliott and David Smith. Photograph by Robert Potter ‘Female Hawkers in Georgetown, Guyana’.
Geographies of Development. Published by Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. 1999. © Robert Potter.

Cambridge International Examinations has made every effort to trace copyright holders, but if we have inadvertently overlooked any we will be pleased to make
the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

0453/2/M/J/02