The Winslow Boy

By Terrence Rattigan

Study Guide and Revision Notes

Scene Summaries

Act I Scene I
The play opens in 1912 with Ronnie Winslow arriving home having been expelled from Osborne Naval
College for stealing a postal order. After being questioned by the family’s maid, Violet, it becomes clear the
audience he is incredibly frightened. He is too scared to tell his father of his plight and therefore hides in
the garden until revealing himself to his mother, sister and brother. He is adamant that he has been
expelled on unfair grounds. As we meet the rest of the family returning from church, they discuss various
matters such as Catherine (the Winslow’s eldest daughter) and Johns Watherstone’s engagement and
Dickie’s (the eldest son) education. Their lives seem content and relatively normal, although some family
tensions are hinted at, as we learn Dickie is slacking in his Oxford studies and feels that Ronnie is unfairly
favoured by his parents. John, Catherine’s fiancé arrives to discuss with Arthur the financial implications of
the marriage and come to an agreement that he can marry Catherine, and a modest dowry will be
provided by Arthur. Desmond Curry, the family solicitor, ex-cricketer and trusted friend who had been in
love with Catherine for years arrives for lunch and is brought up to date with this news. As they toast,
Violet the maid accidentally reveals Ronnie’s return. Arthur is shocked and confronts a terrified Ronnie
about his expulsion who protests that he is innocent. The scene ends with Arthur instigating the
proceedings to help Ronnie.

Act I Scene II

This scene is take place nine months later and opens with Dickie and Catherine reading newspaper
correspondence. Since the closing of the last scene, we learn that the Winslow family have taken legal
action against the Admiralty in order to win a fair trial for Ronnie, and that the case has generated a great
deal of media interest. As Dickie and Catherine read through letters sent into the paper, we gather that the
public’s response to the Winslow case is mixed. Some are impressed by the battle for individual rights, and
others think it is all a big fuss over nothing. This scene also introduces the beginning of the family’s
sacrifices for the sake of the case. We learn in this scene there are tensions within John and Catherine’s
marriage, and that Arthur asks Dickie to leave Oxford as he can no long risk paying expensive fees when
Dickie isn’t trying his best. The seriousness of the case is undermined and mocked by the arrival of Miss.
Barnes, a female journalist who is more interested in Mrs. Winslow’s curtains. It is revealed that Arthur has
hired a very expensive and prestigious Lawyer called Sir. Robert Morton, who Catherine instantly dislikes
because of his reputation working for large companies that destroy smaller operations. We also learn that
because of legal expense, Catherine’s marriage settlement must be spent. The scene finishes with a tense
interview between Ronnie and Sir Robert where the lawyer tries to determine his innocence.After a painful
interrogation which leaves Ronnie in tears, Sir Robert agrees to take their case.

Act II Scene I

This scene takes place another nine months later, when the case is still going. Arthur and Grace argue over
whether or not they can afford to keep Violet the maid, which results in Grace becoming very upset over
the sacrifices the family have had to make for the case. She believes Arthur’s health is deteriorating under
the stress, and that Ronnie’s reputation will be permanently damaged. Catherine returns home and
receives an alarming letter from Colonel Watherstone, John’s father, threatening to forbid the marriage
going ahead if the case does not stop. He says that the case has made the family a laughing stock and
makes it clear that he is not impressed at how they have fought against the Admiralty. When John arrives
he expresses concerns that his father meant what he said in the letter and that he himself has been getting
mocked at work for dating ‘the Winslow girl’. John is worried about the marriage settlement going and has
fears that they won’t survive financially without the blessing of his father. At the end of the scene, Sir
Robert receives a phone call updating him on the development in the House of Commons. We learn that
Ronnie has finally been granted a fair trial. Sir Robert and Arthur look for Catherine for advice, as they
realise this will mean the end of her marriage. She tells them to ‘Let Right be Done’ and John storms out.

Act II, Scene II

This scene is the closing scene of the play. The beginning of the scene starts two years after Ronnie was
expelled,and five months after the previous scene. Arthur’s physical health has deteriorated significantly as
he is now in a wheel chair. Alongside the case Catherine is dealing with the breakup of her engagement
and is surprisedto bump into John in court. We learn that Dickie is working for a bank in Reading, but is
excited about the impending prospect of war. Desmond Curry arrives and proposes to Catherine, even
though he admits that he knows she will never love him. Desmond also reveals that Sir Robert turned
down promotion to Lord Chief Justice in order to pursue Ronnie’s cause. Catherine is shocked and realises
she has judged Sir. Robert unfairly. Catherine considers Desmond’s offer of marriage even though it is
rubbished by Arthur, admitting that she believes her work for the suffragettes is hopeless and poorly paid.
Whilst Catherine and Arthur discuss whether they were right to pursue the case, Violet returns to tell them
that the case has finished unexpectedly early and that Ronnie was found innocent of all charges. She
explains how the seemingly unfeeling Robert broke down crying in court. When Sir Robert arrives he is
visibly shaken and Catherine apologises to him for making unfair judgements about his intentions. Ronnie
arrives briefly and is characteristically offhand about the outcome of the case. The scene ends with Sir
Robert hinting that he and Catherine may see each other again in the House of Commons one day while
she is ‘in the gallery’ however she corrects him saying it would be ‘across the floor’ as she would be an MP.
 Theme: Women
Summary
Women in 1912 still lacked much of the freedom that men held. Although an increasing number of
women had jobs and some steps towards suffrage had been made, (the right for women to vote for,
and be elected on to parish councils was granted din 1907) women still do not have the right to vote
for or be elected as, Members of Parliament and most still did not have decent jobs opportunities.
The key women in the Winslow Boy are:
Catherine: Catherine is a feminist and holds the most liberal and progressive views in the family. She
fights for women’s suffrage despite it generally being viewed negatively. She faces the pressure of not
being able to get married as she approaches 30 years old.
Grace: Grace is more old-fashioned than Catherine and the audience is given the impression that she
has never had a job and is financially dependent on Arthur. She believes women should be feminine
and polite, and doesn’t identify with Catherine’s views about women and their position in society.
Miss Barnes: The presence of Miss Barnes in the play as a female journalist does suggest a greater
freedom for women, however somewhat disappointingly, she is not given any real power and is in
many ways made ridiculous in her role as ‘human interest’ writer.
Rattigan doesn’t make his own opinion clear. Catherine’s willingness to sacrifice her own comforts for
the sake of her beliefs suggests that he holds a certain admiration for the suffragettes. However, Miss
Barnes could suggest to us that he did not look on feminism without some doubt about whether it
would work out in practise.

Important Quotations
Quotation Who said Explanation
it? Page
reference
(rising and facing grace) Very Catherine This shows that in Grace’s era women were expected to
well, mother. I love John in Page 10 dote on her husband far more than he ever do to her.
every way that a woman can Catherine is very direct here and has appears to hold more
love a man, and far, far more enlightened views than Grace. Grace has more traditional
than he loves me. Does that views about women and is more conservative. This quote
satisfy you? shows the contrasting characters of Grace and Catherine,
and Catherine’s frustration and resignation to her mother’s
traditional beliefs.
Grace: Does John know Catherine This conversation shows that the suffrage movement is
you’re a radical. and Grace something of a taboo in Edwardian society. This quote also
Catherine: Oh, yes Page 8 emphasises that although women are supposed to hide
Grace: And a suffragette? their opinions, Catherine pushes the boundaries and fights
C: Certainly for the equality and acceptance of women, despite the fact
G: (with a smile) “And he still that it may make her come across as undesirable or
wants to marry you? improper to others. Grace’s surprise at John’s acceptance of
Catherine’s views shows her more traditional and old-
fashioned way of thinking.
The political angle. I know. Miss Barnes Although Miss Barnes originally seems progressive as an
Very interesting, but not Page 45 early female journalist, she soon shows herself to be a ditsy
quite my line of country and stereotypically feminine character who shares views
similar to Grace. She shows no interest in the politics of the
Winslow Case and comes across as slightly pathetic despite
our preconceptions of how she may be.
Catherine:Some people find Sir Robert This indicates that Catherine is almost self-conscious as she
it shocking” Morton and understands that how she behaves isn’t necessarily typical
Sir Robert Morton: a lady in Catherine of conventional women of the time, and this is something
her own home is surely Page 57 she expects the conservative Sir. Robert to react to. His
entitled to behave as she careless response is characteristic of his ‘languid’ style, and
wishes.” is probably even more infuriating to Catherine as he does
not fulfil the intolerant image she had of Sir. Robert prior to
meeting him.
I don’t know. I’ve been there Grace Grace is portrayed to be ditsy and oblivious to the final
for all of four days now and Page 100 details of the case. Catherine’s understanding of the case
I’ve hardly understood a highlights the differences between Grace and Catherine’s
word that’s going on. Kate generations, with the younger generation of women being
says the judge is against us, more educated and showing a greater interest in current
but he seems a charming affairs and politics, and the older generation being more
gentleman to me old-fashioned and lacking in their own opinions, or at least
lacking the confidence to voice them.
Your daughter seems Sir Robert This quote appears after John’s father writes a letter to
prepared to take the risk… Page 88 Arthur asking him to forfeit the case or to risk the support
of John and Catherine’s marriage, as Colonel Watherstone
will not pay the monthly allowance. Demonstrates
Catherine isn’t as concerned about marriage as Grace’s
generation as she can see a life without it, she is prepared
to give it up for her beliefs.
It seems decidedly wrong to Sir Robert Suffragettes at the time were considered to be plain and
me that a lady of your Page 89 slightly masculine who were thought to be unable and
political persuasion should be unwilling to show their feminine side. This quotation shows
allowed to adorn herself with how Sir Robert doesn’t truly understand what the
such a very feminine movement stands for and what it is trying to achieve (or is
allurement. It really looks so at least feigning to be this way in order to be provocative
awfully like trying to have the towards Catherine). He makes out that he assumes all
best of both worlds. suffragettes are the same as they are portrayed in the news
by the media , however it is likely he is sending up typical
short-sighted men of the time like John, or is playing ‘devils-
advocate’.
(With rising voice) Grace Grace says this to Arthur, she mentions these are the things
Such as a happy home and Page 77 they are having to give up for the case. This shows that
peace and quiet and an Grace is fiercely protective over her family and would
ordinary respectable life, and rather they have a nice life than win the case but be
some sort of future for us ridiculed and lose everything they have worked for such as
and our children. Dickie going to Oxford. This is the first time the audience
sees Grace standing up for what she believes and we come
to realise that she is not as weak as previously portrayed.

Theme: Justice and the rights of the individual

Summary

Terrence Rattigan explores the idea of justice which is the administration of the law, and compares it
to what is ‘right’ or morally acceptable. Throughout the play, characters such as Catherine and Sir
Robert Morton are fighting a battle for what is right rather than necessarily what is legally just. We
only discover this about Sir Robert towards the end of the play. Catherine however makes this
distinction clear throughout resulting in the loss of her marriage which shows the extent of her fierce
loyalty and commitment to her beliefs. In order to pursue right, the characters learn that they must
make huge sacrifices to achieve this and ultimately will encounter hardship in the struggle for right.

Key Quotations
Quotation Who said it? Explanation
Page reference
Let right be done Motto throughout This motto is written on the Petition of Right. The
the play morally right solution should be pursued at all costs
despite the sacrifices that must be made in the
process.
It’s cold, calculated Catherine (page Catherine says this when describing the Admiralty
inhumanity 24) that expelled Ronnie without letting the parents
know, and in such an abrupt manner. The venom in
her voice shows how she has such strong beliefs
regarding the rights of the individual and general
human decency.
Surely we have more Peoples’ opinions To some of public the Winslow Case appears trivial in
important matters to get on the case (page comparison to the approaching war and other larger
ourselves worked up about.. 38) problems. However, they cannot see that Ronnie’s
Ridiculous and sordid little story represents more significant issues with the
storm in a teacup… government and political unrest. The case seems to
Rather more urgent affairs to have resulted in divide of public opinion.
deal with than Master Ronnie
Winslow’s little troubles.
I’m going to publish my son’s Arthur (page 77) This quote highlights the subtle difference between
innocence before the world. Arthur and Catherine’s motives for the continuation
of the case: Arthur is more concerned with Ronnie’s
innocence made known before the public, while
Catherine is focused on the rights of individual being
disregarded by a higher power.
soulless oligarchy Newspaper (page This shows that the Admiralty; an elite and uncaring
37) power suppress the individual, taking advantage of
their status and abusing their power.
All I care about is that people Catherine (page This reinforces the idea that Catherine truly believes
should know that a 94) in right rather than the comparatively small idea of
Government department has innocence even if it is for close family members. The
ignored a fundamental fact that she says this to her fiancé who holds a very
human right and that it contrasting view portrays the strength of her views,
should be forced to and the changing perspective of the new generation
acknowledge it. of women.
If ever the time comes when Catherine (page Catherine is expressing the view that the country
the House of Commons has 95) must never lose sight of its citizens’ right individually
so much on its mind that it and become immersed in its own grandeur and
can’t find time to discuss a authority. This concept is essential to maintain
Ronnie Winslow….this democracy and a stable society and to withstand the
country will be a far poorer trials that face a country.
place.
Either I marry Desmond and Catherine (page Up until this point, Catherine has not wavered from
settle down into quite a 117) her cause; both her suffragette movement and the
comfortable and not really case. However, this quote demonstrates that right
useless existence – or I go on comes not without difficulties and the consequences
for the rest of my life earning and sacrifices that must be made are grave. Even
two pounds a week in the though she knows that marrying Desmond would not
service of a hopeless cause. be the right thing to do, she also understands that this
would be the easier path to take and her
opportunities as a woman in pre-war Britain are
limited.
No. Not justice. Right. It is not Sir Robert (page These lines act as a summary of the ongoing theme of
hard to do justice. Very hard 125) justice and right and the subtle differences between
to do right. them. Another dimension of Sir Robert is portrayed
here, both the audience and Catherine can see that
he is not only concerned with the law and triumph of
winning, but also he has moral concerns. There is a
tone of finality in Sir Robert’s words creating the
impression that this is his final message to impart
upon the audience.

Theme: Family
Summary

The Winslow family go through various stages of tension and at some points individual relationships within the
family are challenged by the pressures of the case. The family consists of Arthur (father) who is very strict,
dominant member of the family. Grace (mother) is a maternal and understanding character, for example when
she was protective when Ronnie was first expelled and when Sir Robert Morton was interrogating him.
Catherine (daughter) supportive of Ronnie and the case. Also stands up for what she believes in as she
demonstrates when sacrificing her marriage for the case, and her perseverance in the pursuit women’s rights.
Dickie (brother) provides comic relief in tense and serious moments throughout the play and makes the best
out of bad situations especially when he had to leave Oxford University due to financial issues. Ronnie
(youngest) is initially scared of Arthur when he got expelled however he quickly forgets about the case when
he settles into his new school and has more important interests. He is quite immature and likes being cosseted
by his mother. Overall we learn that the Winslow family have many different qualities which help to overcome
issues throughout the play.

Key Quotations

Quotation Who said it? Page Explanation

reference
Grace: I wish you were as Grace page 6 Shows how Ronnie is the favoured child which often
good as work as Ronnie Dickie page 7 infuriates Dickie. There is also dramatic irony when
Dickie: (now furious) oh yes I they talk about Ronnie’s academic success when he
know. I know. He got into has been sent home from school early.
Osbourne and I failed. That is
going to be brought up again
Ronnie:Don’t tell father. Ronnie and Grace Shows Ronnie is scared of his father’s reaction and so
Grace: No, darling. Not yet. I page 23 is Grace. Shows how Grace is being understanding and
promise. Come along now. maternal.
Dickie: I don’t want to be a Dickie page 23 Shows Dickie’s character and helps to provide comic
thousand miles of that relief in a tense situation. Suggests family are used to
explosion Arthur’s dominant personality.
Arthur: “Answer me, Arthur page 31 Suggest that Arthur is fiercely concerned with
someone! Is the boy very ill? Ronnie’s welfare and success. He can’t endure being
Why must I be kept in the kept ignorant of any matters concerning his youngest
dark like this? Surely I have son.
the right to know. If he’s ill
must be with him-
Ronnie: I was hiding Ronnie and Arthur Shows Arthur has some acknowledgement of his
Arthur: from me? page 34 effect on Ronnie.
(Ronnie nods)
Arthur: did you steal this Ronnie and Arthur Demonstrates how Arthur and Ronnie have a good
postal order? page 35 relationship as Arthur immediately trusts Ronnie that
Ronnie: no father I didn’t. he is telling the truth. Arthur is unfalteringly direct in
(Arthur continues to stare his manner
into his eyes and relaxes)
Dickie: I must say- it does Dickie page 39 Shows how he had suspicions of how worthwhile the
seem a rather much about case is and whether they can afford it. Shows contrast
damn all. with Arthur’s determination with fighting the case.
Dickie: You want me to leave Dickie and Arthur Arthur prioritises Ronnie over Dickie as he is making
Oxford-is that it? page 43 him sacrifice his oxford education for his brother’s
Arthur: I’m afraid so dickie. case.

Arthur: You realise that if we Arthur and Demonstrates Catherine’s selfless and pragmatic
go on your marriage Catherine page 52 nature. She puts family before her own needs and
settlement must go? desires and encounters problems with a practical
Catherine: Oh yes. I gave that stance.
up for lost weeks ago.
Dickie: My gosh, I could just Dickie page 55 Dickie is perhaps somewhat hurt and jealous of how
about murder that little everyone is prioritising Ronnie over him, however his
brother of mine. What’s he resentment seems to be only surface level and later
have to go about pinching on he cheerfully sets about his new life.
postal orders for? And why
the hell does he have to get
himself nabbed for doing it.
Silly little blighter!
Grace: He’s dead tired. I’d Grace and Arthur Here it shows how maternal and protective Grace is of
better take him up to his bed- page 75 Ronnie compared to how Arthur is still taking the case
Arthur: no, if he must sleep, very seriously and how it is taking a toll on the family.
let him sleep here. In Grace’s eyes Ronnie is still a little boy who is
Grace: oh, but he’d be so completely unprepared for the trials and tribulations
much more comfy in his little in this new adult world Arthur has propelled him into.
bed -
Grace: Such as a happy home Grace page 77 Shows how grace resents Arthur for even starting the
and peace and quiet with an case and would prefer to go back to their normal
ordinary and respectable life, lifestyle they upheld before. Also shows how the case
and some sort of future for us has affected Arthur and Grace’s relationship and
and our children. In the last general family life.
year you have thrown that all
overboard, Arthur.
Grace: He’s perfectly happy Grace page 78 Grace does not understand Arthur’s motivation for
at a good school. Doing very pursuing the case and shows her isolation from him
well. Non one need have ever and Catherine’s partnership.
known about Osbourne if you
hadn’t gone and shouted it
out to the whole world.
Arthur: There must be Arthur and Arthur is more aware of their financial issues, worried
something useful you can do. Catherine page about Catherine’s future and if she will be financially
Catherine: you don’t think 116 stables, shows he is a caring father, but would
the work I am doing at the approve more of a paid job than voluntary job
W.S.A. is useful?

Arthur: Poor Kate, how I have Arthur page 116 Reinforces his realisation the damage he has caused
messed up your life, haven’t to his family from the case and blames it upon
I? himself.
 Character: Ronnie Winslow
Summary

The case revolves around Ronnie who remains largely disinterested in proceedings throughout the
play. He’s a 14-year-old boy who is is highly regarded by his parents compared to Dickie, and is very
much the baby of the family. Although compared to the other characters, he is the least involved and
sacrifices the least for the case (he remains at a good school), his future reputation is potentially
damaged and his name is used as a figure head for the campaign (The Winslow Boy). We can’t help
but wonder how this shall play out in his later life. In fact, Ronnie’s character is hardly developed, the
fact that the plays title is “The Winslow Boy” highlights that the play is essentially about Ronnie yet
focusses on the bigger issues surrounding it that Ronnie is not involved in. Although he is convicted
innocent, it is never proved. Despite seemingly convincing Sir Robert Morton of his innocence, it Is
left for the audience to decide his innocent or guilt.

Key Quotations
Quotation Who said it? Explanation
Page reference
I wish you were as good Grace- 6 The first impression we get of Ronnie his parent’s
about work as Ronnie favouritism towards him and how proud they are of
him, as there is a portrait of him hanging on the wall.
We may wonder if Arthur is living vicariously through
Ronnie, since he is so adamant Ronnie attends
Osbourne and also wanted his older son Dickie to.
(in tears) I’m not! I’m not! I’m Ronnie- 70 Ronnie childish and susceptible to bullying.
not! I didn’t do it.
Ronnie, though he doesn’t Catherine- 19 Arthur dotes on Ronnie and this is obvious to the
need to be [scared]. Father other characters.
worships him.
I say- we won, didn’t we? Ronnie- 126 Shows his relative disinterest in the case despite
revolving around him. Demonstrates that in reality,
the case had a much bigger significance than proving
his innocence. Also makes us question whether or not
all the sacrifices were worth it as Ronnie is more
concerned with his own interests.
Oh, the case! Father, do you Ronnie- 50 Being expelled from Osborne hasn’t really affected his
know the train had fourteen life or happiness that much, whilst it has completely
coaches changed the life for the rest of his family. Highlights
how the case is not his top priority.
It does seem rather a much Dickie- 38 Highlights how the case has shifted from defending
ado about damn all. I mean Ronnie to letting ‘right be done’ (no longer about
to say a mere matter of Ronnie). What Ronnie did or did not do becomes less
pinching. And it’s all so important as the case goes on.
beastly expensive...
 Character: Catherine Winslow
Summary

Catherine Winslow is a woman approaching thirty with an ‘air of masculinity’ which contrasts with her
mother and her ‘intense femininity’. Catherine is the eldest and only daughter to Grace and Arthur Winslow. She
has two brothers, Dickie and Ronnie and is now running out of time to be married. Her fiancé is a gentleman, John
Watherstone. Catherine can be characterised as a rebellious and defiant woman, yet she also cares deeply about
those around her.Catherine is a clear-cut example of a woman suffering under societal pressure of the time, like
the pressure to get married and settle down at a ‘young’ age. Catherine represents the ‘New Woman’ in the
years approaching the First World War. Catherine is a Suffragette and part of the active movement
campaigning for votes for women as she struggles to overcome traditional values and prejudices against
women. Many of the British population including Catherine’s mother, did not readily accept or understand
the suffragette movement, and indeed at the end of the play Catherine worries she is fighting for a
‘hopeless’ cause. Catherine has a loyal personality and character allow her to express her strong political
views on women’s right at the time which would likely go against the common opinion. Catherine’s
intelligence and pragmatic nature makes her a unique character who it is hard not to admire. Catherine’s
passion for political matters and justice cause her to even go so far as to sacrifice her marriage, portraying
where her priorities lie.

Key Quotations
Quotation Who said it? Explanation
Page reference
Does John know you’re a Grace Emphasises the generation gap between Grace and
radical?..... And he still wants to Pg 8 Catherine. Shows how older women didn’t always voice
marry you? opinions and beliefs on important matters which they
believe should be reserved for men.
In your new feminine world Dickie Dickie is referring to Catherine’s suffragette movement
Pg 36 and is making a gentle mockery of it by suggesting what
would have been at the time a ridiculous notion, or some
kind of fairy-tale.
Would it be such a folly, Cathering Catherine is speaking about taking Desmond’s hand in
though? Pg 114 marriage purely to please society and for practicality, as
social pressures still would have affected her even though
she appears to be such a strong character. This could also
show a moment of weakness for Catherine as she
considers bowing down to the societal pressures of the
age. She has been so headstrong and passionate up until
this point, e.g losing her engagement with John for the
case but now she is experiencing a moment of self doubt
for her cause and perhaps sees a comfortable but loveless
marriage to Desmond as a relatively painless solution to
her woes.
Pretend to be half – witted like Dickie Dickie is telling Catherine that in order to keep John and
Edwina, then he’ll adore you Pg 40 ‘act’ like a ‘normal’ woman of the time then she must not
be so intellectual or hold as many strong views. Although
Dickie is joking here, there is a sad element of truth to
what he says. John Watherstone can’t come to terms with
 Catherine’s strong beliefs and ends up leaving her.

All that I care about is that Catherine This shows Catherine’s entire opinion on the case and that
people should know that a Pg 94 she is stubbornly stands by her moral belief that all
government department has individuals are entitled to fairness and equality. Even large
ignored a fundamental human powers like government departments should be forced to
right and that it should be face up to their moral responsibilities.
forced to acknowledge it
Do you need my instructions ,Sir Catherine This is a pivotal moment in the case where Catherine
Robert? Aren’t they already on Pg 98 chooses the case over her relationship with John. This is an
the petition? Doesn’t it say, “Let example of Catherine’s propensity to prioritise what is
Right be Done”? ‘right’ over all other matters even if they cause her pain
and heartache. The phrase ‘Let Right be Done’ represents a
major theme in the play of pursuing what is morally right
at all costs.
-or I go on for the rest of my life Catherine This is the single point in the play where we see Catherine
earning two pounds a week in Pg 116 waver and a moment of weakness is betrayed. This
the service of a hopeless cause emphasises how the case has affected her emotionally and
mentally, as she is considering marrying Desmond which
she would have never considered normally. This moment
portrays a human side to Catherine, and we can’t help but
feel she has somehow been punished for her fierce loyalty
to her cause.

In such a charming hat, how Sir Robert In this quote Sir Robert is teasing Catherine whilst being
could I have missed you? Pg 83 appearing politely attentive to her. This could hint at a
growing relationship whether it be romance or friendship.
Dear me! what sacrifice you Sir Robert Despite his smug undertones of sarcasm, what Sir Robert is
young ladies seem prepared to Pg 90 stating is true, Catherine (and other women of the time)
make for your convictions were fully prepared to make many sacrifices for their
beliefs. Catherine is adamant that the cause she is fighting
for is right and therefore she’ll stop at nothing till women
receive the justice they deserve. Sir. Robert seems to be
being deliberately antagonistic in order to evoke a reaction
from Catherine. We feel that there is some underlying
truth in what Sir. Robert says, and that he is secretly
impressed by Catherine’s strength and resilience.
Yes, Sir Robert. One day. But not Catherine This final quotation demonstrates that Catherine’s
in the gallery. Across the floor Pg 126 determination and passion for her cause has in fact not
been extinguished by the end of the play, despite the
setbacks and disappointments she has suffered. Catherine
suggests that she sees herself in the House of Commons
one day, acting as an MP.
 Character: Dickie Winslow
Summary

Dickie is the cheerful, jovial and happy-go-lucky middle child who perhaps feels that Ronnie is the
favourite, and that he is less cherished by his parents. He represents the younger generation of young
men before the First World War, with his passion for dancing, popular music and with misguided
aspirations to join the territorials, describing them as only a ‘scrap’. He is lazy but charismatic, “large,
noisy and cheerful”. Dickie is an Oxford undergraduate but doesn’t seem to work hard enough for it.
He is kind, humorous and silly. Towards the end of the play he becomes a banker after being forced to
drop out of Oxford. There is clear tension between Dickie and his father, but there are strong
undertones of Dickie seeking Arthur’s approval. Dickie is rarely present in scenes that involve the case
or politics, showing how he is uncomfortable in the face of authority and justice. We get the sense
that he was mischievous as a schoolboy. He is not directly involved in the plot of the play and is more
of a bystander to the events that unfold. He often provides the comic relief amongst the intense
themes of the play. Dickie’s life seems to go downhill somewhat since the case, as he has lost all
dreams of an interesting career and is instead a banker, just as his father wished him to be. He has
few ambitions or hopes for the future. He becomes less of a ladies’ man and doesn’t have a romance
anymore that we know of. His cheerful naivety over the upcoming war is quite chilling for a modern
day audience.

Key Quotations
Quotation Who said it? Explanation
Page reference
Dash it, Father-you promised Dickieaggrieved Dickie is asking his father not to mention his failure at
not to mention that again this Pg. 4 Oxford again. Arthur knows it is a sore point and still
vac- mentions it, perhaps to motivate him more to work.
This quote implies that he still cares about his studies
(or at least his reputation among his family) and is
ashamed. Dickie and Arthur may not always get on,
but Dickie still cares about his father’s opinion of him.
I wish you were as good Grace pg.6 This shows how his parents openly Ronnie above
about work as Ronnie. Dickie and favour their youngest child. Even though
Dickie is the eldest son. This is a cause of obvious
tension in the opening of the play and also causes us
to question Arthur’s motivations and priorities as the
case goes on. The whole family, including Dickie, seem
to suffer at Ronnie’s expense.
Ronnie’s the good little boy, Dickie These quotes bring to the forefront the theme of
I’m the bad little boy.” “That Pg. 7 identity, and how Ronnie has always been the
in the eyes of Mother and favoured child out of the two sons. This is also
Father nothing that Ronnie because of Dickie and Arthur’s contrasting
does is ever wrong, and personalities. Dickie feels injustice that he has been
nothing that I do is ever branded as the bad son and can never redeem himself
right? in the eyes of his parents. Although Dickie is an adult
these lines carry connotations of childishness as he
seems to be desperately seeking approval from his
parents.
Tell me, are all your family as John asking and This reveals how Dickie is afraid of Arthur, and that
scared of him as I am? Catherine Catherine can see it clearly. It is an obvious and
Dickie is, of course; answering. longstanding fear. Despite Dickie’s brave face, he is
Pg.19 shown in a more vulnerable light.
Oh, is that all? Good Lord! I Dickie This quote implies that Dickie did much worse things
didn’t know they sacked Pg. 22 than steal when he was Ronnie’s age. It shows the
chaps for that, these days. audience how Arthur may have good reason to be
dubious of Dickie. This is also some comic relief while
the rest of the family is upset or worried. At this point
Dickie doesn’t understand the importance of money,
and doesn’t value its theft, but as the play progresses
and the family loses the things they used to take for
granted, so his perspective may change.
You’re shivering a bit too, Dickie Dickie is worried that Ronnie will catch pneumonia,
aren’t you? Pg. 22 and so clearly cares about him despite the resentment
and jealousy that lies between them. He never takes it
out on Ronnie or lets him know of his jealousy, only
blaming his parents.
-it does seem rather a much Dickie This shows that Dickie isn’t as driven about justice as
ado about damn all. I mean Pg. 39 Catherine and Arthur are, and is more practical.
to say – a mere matter of
pinching.
Suppress your opinions. Men Dickie This highlights the feelings about women of that time
don’t like ‘em in their lady Pg. 40 and generation, and brings to the forefront the
friends. different perspectives in the family. Dickie represents
a typical man of the time. He can recognise John’s
differences to Catherine and offers her some
depressing but perhaps realistic advice for dealing
with men like John Watherstone.
Still, it’s jolly decent of you. Dickie This is Dickie’s response to Arthur’s rather sad gesture
Pg. 44 of guiltily giving him some pocket money after pulling
him out of university. It shows a change or a different
element of Dickie reacting maturely and is willing to
sacrifice something he cares about for Arthur. Despite
the brave front, you can clearly understand Dickie’s
upset. Dickie doesn’t hold grudges or punish his
parents.
(Uncomfortably) Oh, rot, Dickie This line again reiterates how Dickie does care about
Father! Pg. 44 work and is disappointed that he has had to drop out
of university. It is a turning point where the realisation
of his lack of work hits him, and although he is
annoyed with Ronnie and his father, he may regret his
poor work ethic.
I fell plumb into the old man’s Dickie Dickie may not be taking his regret of the
trap. My gosh, I could just Pg. 55 consequences of his lack of work out on Ronnie, but
about murder that little this is a rare moment where he acknowledges him for
brother of mine. inadvertently not giving him the chance to redeem
himself in his father’s eyes and do better at Oxford.
My views on the case? Well, Dickie His nonchalant attitude to the case shows who Dickie
I-I-er-I don’t know that I have Pg. 99 hasn’t given any deeper thought to the morals of the
any, except, I mean, I hope case, and shallowly only hopes that they win. He is
we win and all that… not concerned with questions of justice. His privileged
position as a wealthy young man means that he has
not needed to be, unlike Catherine who is a single
woman approaching thirty.
Will there be room for me? Dickie As Dickie asks Grace if there will be space for him to
Pg. 101 watch in the courtroom, it is also symbolic of how he
has been distanced a little from his family. He has
been away in Reading and far removed from the trials
of the case.
Oh no, Father. I mean the Dickie Dickie is excited for the war, which he wants to join to
bank’s all right – but still – a Pg. 102 escape his mundane life. He doesn’t find the bank
chap can’t help looking stimulating, and is reflecting the rest of the feelings of
forward to a bit of change – I Britain. It is sad dramatic irony because we know that
can always go back to the the war led to the deaths of many young men like
bank afterwards. Dickie.
 Character: Sir Robert Morton
Summary
SirRobert Morton is an esteemed and very expensive lawyer who Arthur Winslow believes to be the best in
England. He is described to us in the text as ‘cadaverous’, ‘supercilious’ and a ‘fop’. He seems to be rather
off-hand and rude although dedicated and professional towards his legal work. Catherine harbours a marked
dislike of Sir. Robert before she has even met him, owing to the fact that his values seem to be at complete
odds with her own. He seems to undertake work that involves working for large companies trampling on
smaller organisations or individuals, and in Catherine’s eyes is a hardened and an emotionless ‘fish’. At the
end of the play however Sir. Robert betrays how the case has affected him emotionally by weeping at the
verdict and turning down a significant legal promotion in order to finish the Winslow case. Despite their
differences Catherine and Sir. Robert develop a unique affinity and it is hinted at the end that they may meet
again
Key Quotations
Quotation Who said it? Page Explanation
reference
tall, thin, cadaverous and Page: 56 Suggests SRM is a formidable and perhaps
immensely elegant Stage Directions intimidating character. A clear representation of the
upper class during this period. Sir. Robert moves
with an understated confidence and debonair
manner.
I wept today because right Page: 125 Sir. Robert reluctantly reveals his more vulnerable
has been done SRM side as Catherine questions him about his emotional
response to Ronnie’s verdict. Catherine has been
wrong about Sir Robert as we learn here that his
concerns reach further than ones of legal
technicalities and justice. He is genuinely concerned
that what is morally right takes place.
Let right be done Page: 60 Sir. Robert is quoting what appears on the Petition
SRM of Right. Suggests that the morally right solution
should be perused at all costs even when there are
consequences. Although some may think SRM is
driven by the thought of prestige, we later learn that
during the case he has acted by this motto.
cold clear logic – and Page: 124 Shows that Sir Robert Morton is quite matter-of-fact
buckets of it SRM and candid to the extent he doesn’t allow emotion
to get in the way of his job.
Sir Robert, Father dear is Page: 82 Catherine Indicates Catherine’s initial feelings towards SRM,
not a man of feeling, I she seems to think that he is emotionally detached
don’t think any emotion at and driven solely by his career.
all can stir that fishy heart
Sir Robert stares at her Page: 89 Sir. Robert rather meets his match when it comes to
again feeling his eyes on Stage Directions Catherine. They have more in common than they
her, Catherine returns his think in terms of strength and wilfulness.
glance defiantly

Dear me what sacrifice Page: 90 Sir. Robert is gently mocking Catherine. Although he
you young ladies seem SRM undermines her cause, there is a sense that he is
prepared to make for your somewhat impressed by her dedication. There is
convictions also a sense of overwhelming irony here, as actually
Catherine’s sacrifice for her convictions about the
case have been extremely grave.
So I understand. (after a Page: 58 Shows his directness and own confidence in his legal
faint pause) As it happens, SRM intuition
however he was guilty.
oh yes, the boy is plainly Page: 71 This comes after Sir. Robert’s ruthless interrogation
innocent, I accept the SRM of Ronnie. Suggests he has little time for niceties or
brief even explanations. Concerned primarily with facts
and practical matters.
oh I agree, but don’t fool Page: 83 Catherine does not believe that Sir. Robert is a man
yourself about him father Catherine of sympathy or feeling. She believes he feigns
for all that. The man is a emotion in the courtroom in order to generate a
fish a hard, cold blooded, response from others.
supercilious, sneering fish.
Give up but why give up? Page: 87 This is the first flurry of emotion we see from Sir.
In heavens name man Sir Robert Morton Robert. This may be surprising to the audience as
why? previously we get the impression he doesn’t care for
the case.
 Character: Arthur Winslow
Summary
Arthur is father to Catherine, Dickie and Ronnie and husband to Grace. Throughout the story
Arthur is portrayed as an out-spoken, formidable character who intimidates others, including his
own family. His sometimes belligerent exterior runs parallel to his intense love and care for his
family and the case, although this benevolence may not always be visible. The audience may
question Arthur’s motivations as he strains his relationships with his family, creates potential
damage to their reputation, starts a huge decline in his personal health and even sacrifices his
daughter’s marriage in order to satisfy his desperate desire for justice for Ronnie. A problem for
the audience throughout the play may be Arthur’s priorities when it comes to the case, Ronnie
and his family. It is obvious from an early stage that Ronnie is a cosseted, cherished child and we
could accuse the Winslow family of favouritism towards him. We also may wonder if Arthur’s
relentless pursuit of a fair trial for Ronnie is in fact one of personal pride, masked as a battle for
justice (something Grace accuses him of in Act 2 Scene 1 of the play). Although the play ends in
success for the family, we can’t help but weigh up the emotional and financial costs to the
family.
Key Quotations
Quotation Who said it? Explanation
Page reference
Deliberately cultured Stage directions Portrays Arthur as a dominating, well- educated male
patriarchal air Pg 3 figure at the head of the family. Makes him sound
important and austere.
indeed? That assumption can Arthur Shows how Arthur views Dickie as lazy and unreliable.
hardly be based on Pg 6 Also develops the idea that Arthur is quite serious,
experience, I take it and disagrees with Dickie’s relaxed, good-humoured
attitude towards work.
Ronnie, may I remind you, is at Arthur Demonstrates how Arthur favours Ronnie for getting into
least proving a good deal more Pg 6 Osborne. Dramatic irony as the audience knows that
successful in adding two and Ronnie has been in some kind of trouble and that conflict is
two than you were at this stage arising, but Arthur is oblivious to this.
One doesn’t read Len Rogers, Arthur Shows how Arthur possibly has traditional views but is
one reads Byron. Pg 9 making a joke out of it which portrays his strong
relationship with Catherine. He is more accepting of
Catherine’s ‘new woman’ stance than Grace.
My arthritis has been troubling Arthur This quotation is found near the beginning of the play, and
me rather a lot, lately Pg 12 is the first sign of weakness from Arthur. This is important
in understanding how the case eventually worsens his
health due to the constant strain of it.
no, don’t; please, Kate, don’t! Ronnie Suggests that Arthur is the authoritative figure in the
Pg 19 family, and are nervous to find out Arthur’s reaction to the
news. Ronnie has always been Arthurs ‘good boy’ and so
he doesn’t want to disappoint him. He seems genuinely
frightened and reduced to a little boy, despite being 13
years old.
(helplessly): we thought it best Grace The adverb helplessly implies how Grace feels
you shouldn’t know- for the Pg 31 apprehensive around Arthur’s possibly volatile reaction.
time being. Only for the time, Suggests Arthur controls the house with stringent rule and
Arthur there is little co-parenting.
Please don’t forget he’s only a Grace Shows how grace is fearful that Arthur will release his
child Pg 33 anger on Ronnie. Implies Arthur has an unpredictable
 personality and Grace does not trust him to be
compassionate towards Ronnie.
Are you so frightened of me? Arthur The fact that Ronnie does not reply implies that he is
(Ronnie does not reply) Pg 34 scared of Arthur and doesn’t want to say anything that
could potentially be wrong and upset Arthur. Ronnie is
concerned about his father’s opinion of him, and as we
have learned from Catherine earlier, scared of Arthur.
Arthur comes in. he is walking Stage directions Arthur is walking with ‘difficulty’ shows how the case has
with more difficulty than when Pg 40 had a major effect on his physical health. It has gradually
we last saw him. Dickie and declined and deteriorated with the strenuous pressures of
Catherine hastily stop dancing the case. His struggle to walk is at odds with his strong,
formidable personality.
you want me to leave Oxford- is Dickie Indicates how Arthur is making sacrifices for the case and is
that it? Pg 43 willing to give up his elder son’s education for it. This also
emphasises the fact that Ronnie is possibly Arthur’s
favoured child the fact that Dickie pre-empts his question
suggest he is not surprised by Arthur’s priorities.
(explosively) it is not a little Arthur Arthur has a short temper and finds it hard to understand
case, madam- Pg 46 the others do not regard his case as something vitally
important. Shows how he feels frustrated when people
undermine the case as something ‘small’ and he feels like it
is his duty to ‘protect’ it and his dignity.
(slowly): you realise that if we Arthur The adverb ‘slowly’ suggests Arthur feels guilty about the
go on, your marriage settlement Pg 52 sacrifices he is having to make. The forfeits he is making
must go? now become bigger, and more significant (Catherine’s
wedding). Also, he feels ashamed to be saying it because
Kate has supported him so much throughout the case, and
they have developed an adamantine relationship over it.
(sharply):no! I decline to meet Arthur This quotation implies that Arthur’s condition has
the press in this ridiculous Pg 122 deteriorated to the extent that he now requires a
chariot. (to Catherine) Get me wheelchair to get around. However, he demands his stick
my stick! as he proud, and wants his dignity to be preserved. He
feels embarrassed about letting the press see him in a
weakened state, although Grace’s earlier comments in this
scene about his going into a nursery home betrays a much
graver reality to the audience.
 Character: Grace Winslow
Summary

Grace is Catherine, Dickie and Ronnie’s mother. She is portrayed as a feminine, elegant and maternal character
who contrasts significantly to her daughter Catherine, a suffragette and a fairly independent young woman.
Grace is motherly and caring, especially after Ronnie’s expulsion. Her husband Arthur certainly seems to take
the lead in their role as parents and it is not until Act 2 that Grace expresses any dissatisfaction with the
situation, when she quite vehemently criticises Arthur for his dedication to the case and his neglect of crucial
family matters. Were it not for this outburst Grace may appear one dimensional creation by Rattigan: her
interests seem to only reach as far as her children, curtains and fashion, and the proceedings in the courtroom
are too difficult for her to follow. Her argument with Arthur reminds us that Grace is an intelligent woman with
a fierce loyalty to the good of her family, and refuses to allow Arthur to hold absolute power.

Key Quotations
Quotation Who said it? Explanation
Page reference
I wish you were as good Grace p6 Grace inadvertently seems to favour Ronnie over
about work as Ronnie. Dickie.
I love John … does that satisfy Catherine p10 Catherine highlights the blind commitment of
you?” marriage for women on Grace’s generation. Grace is
embarrassed by Catherine’s directness,
I think he is a dear Grace p10 Grace says this about Desmond, she is naturally
inclined to see the best in people.
There, darling! It’s all right Grace p22 Shows she is very caring towards her children and her
now immediate impulse is to comfort Ronnie rather than
reprimanding him or questioning him. There is quite a
stark contrast between Grace and Arthur and their
parenting styles.
She is extremely interested in Arthur, Grace p49 The incident with the female journalist almost
your curtains satirises Grace’s femininity, presenting her as a
caricature of a ditsy housewife. It is disappointing too
Oh, really? How nice that Miss. Barnes who holds an impressive job for a
woman is merely a caricature of a bored and foolish
housewife.
No. This time I’m not going to Grace p79 This moment in the play shows Grace’s development
cry and say I’m sorry, and as a character. Here she displays real hurt and
make it all up again. frustration at Arthur’s obsession, rather than suffering
quietly as she has done in previous scenes.
I’ve been there all four days Grace p100 In the final scene Grace appears to be back to her
now and I’ve hardly usual ditsy self, although the fact Violet has not been
understood a word. sacked suggests she has been able to exert some kind
of influence over Arthur.
Two days he (Ronnie) was Grace p101 This reminds us of how Ronnie is still a child. He is
cross-examined… Imagine it, protected by his mother despite having to face the
the poor little pet. adult world head-on.
Arthur! You shouldn’t have Grace p101 Grace highlights Arthur’s deteriorating health.
come up those steps by Ironically this reminds us of how she cossets Ronnie,
yourself. which suggests that Arthur is being reduced to a child-
like state.
It’s so difficult! I simply can’t Grace p103 This line is quite comical and ironic as it shows Grace
be seen in the same old worrying about insignificant issues like her clothes
dress, day after day! without realising the much greater problem they are
facing with the case.
He has promised to go to Grace p104 This comment conveys how seriously Arthur has
nursing home. deteriorated. The audience may well be saddened to
think of Arthur leaving his beloved home and family,
and we can’t help but wonder if such sacrifices are
worth it.
 Character: John Watherstone
Summary

John Watherstone is Catherine’s fiancé and son of Colonel Watherstone. There are hints from the start that
John’s role as Catherine’s future husband is tenuous. Grace jokingly asks if John ‘still wants to marry’ Catherine
knowing she is a suffragette, Arthur’s dowry is modest and John’s father seemingly disapproves of Catherine,
apparently ‘shrivelling’ her up when he looks at her. By Act 1 Scene 2 it is evident there are problems,
downplayed by Catherine as ‘differences of opinion’. In they play John represents the conventional upper-
middle class male who when pushed are unwilling and unready to endorse women playing a liberal role in
society. It is as if Dickie recognises what kind of man John is, advising Catherine to dumb her aspirations down
if she is to secure a husband. When their relationship finally comes to a head we see how different John and
Catherine really are. John is controlled by his father and the promise of a regular income. He is unwilling to
make any significant sacrifices for Catherine and his desire for a conventional lifestyle overrides his desire to
marry Catherine. Unlike Desmond Curry who admits at the end of the play that above all he values Catherine’s
‘directness and honesty’, John is unsettled by Catherine’s pursuit of what is morally right and he shamelessly
abandons her. His actions are the antithesis of what Catherine’s would have been had their roles were
reversed and she was in the position of supporting John.

Key Quotations
Quotation Who said it? Explanation
Page reference
Yes Sir I do.Thank you. He John p. 12 John is polite and subservient to Arthur at this early
takes a cigarette, and adds stage in the play. Suggests he is naturally submissive
hastily) in moderation of to authoritative, wealthy male figures with status,
course. which anticipates him choosing his father’s approval
over Catherine. When the Winslow’s lose a degree of
wealth and status John treats then badly, leaving
without a word.
We defy augury, don’t we John p. 29 This comment from John grimly foreshadows the
Kate? demise of their relationship. John is suggesting that
they don’t fear bad luck.
Well, they have ways of doing John p. 24 Like his father, John has unshakeable faith in the
things in the service that military and its black and white methods of dealing
seem horribly brutal to an with things. His understanding of fairness is not
outsider, but at least their complex or flexible and views the admiralty’s decision
always scrupulously fair as being definitive and absolute.
Not yet – only differences of Catherine p.40 Catherine hints to Dickie that she and John do not see
opinion eye to eye. As the play goes on, weaknesses in their
relationship continue to be exposed.
But, darling, after all those John p.94 John’s interpretation of Ronnie’s situation exposes a
long and noble words, it does critical divide in his and Catherine’s values. John is
really resolve itself to a unable to view the moral implications of the case and
question of a fourteen-year- approaches the situation from a logical, practical
old boy and a five bob postal standpoints, rather than an emotional one.
order, doesn’t it?
I get chaps coming up to me John p.95 John finds himself under increasing pressure from his
in the mess all the time peers and his father, struggling with the shame of
asking ‘is it true you are going being associated with Catherine and the family. His
to marry the Winslow girl?’ inability to cast aside silly cajoling suggests a
weakness of character compared to Catherine’s
unfaltering and fierce loyalty.
I was sure nothing so stupid John p.96 By calling the case ‘stupid’ and ‘trivial’ shows John’s
and trivial could possibly complete lack of understanding when it comes to
come between us Catherine’s values and feelings. Catherine’s ‘weary’
response to this suggests she has become aware of
the gaping divide between them and perhaps knows
the end has come.
(furiously) Kate! John p.98 John’s ‘furious’ final line in the play is the first time we
see him lose face and composure. Now that Catherine
is of no use to him as a wife he has no need for the
usual decorum he displays around the Winslow
family. This is a far cry from his rather obsequious
behaviour around Arthur at the beginning of the play.
The audience can’t help but speculate over John’s
motivations for his sudden departure. It seems that it
is not only his father’s ultimatum and the ‘allowance’
that has swayed him, but also his inability to cope
with a woman like Catherine, who may not love him in
the way she mockingly describes at the very beginning
of the play (‘I love John in every way a woman can
love a man, and far, far more than he loves me’ p.10).
Up until now John has believed himself to her main
priority, so to see her choose her values and family
loyalty over him it too heavier burden for the
relationship to bear.

The Winslow Boy – Notes on the text

Act 1, Scene 1

P.1

South KensingtonAnaffluent district of West London. The fact the Winslow family live here suggests immediately
that they could be wealthy.

PeriodicalsA magazine or newspaper published at intervals. The presence of this in the Winslow drawing room may
indicate that there are people in the household who enjoy reading.

Naval cadetA young man in training for service as a naval officer. Ronnie is away at a Naval boarding school and
appears to be home early.

With ill-managed sang-froidSang-froid means to stay cool and composed in challenging circumstances. Ronnie’s
sang-froid is ‘ill-managed’ which implies he attempts to keep cool but finds he is unable to when Violet greets him.
This is significant as it suggests to the audience immediately that something is wrong, but that he doesn’t want
Violet to find out.

p.2

Violet: You took a taxi? All by yourself? Well, I don’t know what little boys are coming to The way Violet speaks to
Ronnie may reaffirm our earlier suspicions when we saw his portrait on the piano, that he is a treasured child. It
seems that Violet cossets Ronnie and very much sees him as a little boy. The fact that the audience can guess that
Ronnie is hiding something, makes Violet’s motherly attitude difficult to watch.

VacantlyPeople who are described as vacant appear to be in a dream world, and do not engage with what is
happening around them. The fact that Ronnie answers Violet ‘vacantly’ suggests he is preoccupied with something,
especially since they clearly share a close relationship and he has not seen her for several weeks.

SharplyWhen Violet jokingly asks ‘what have they been doing to you at Osborne’ Ronnie answers ‘sharply’. These
stage directions serve to build tension and leave the audience seriously questioning what has happened to Ronnie.
By the way Violet treats him, it seems hard to believe that innocent Ronnie could do anything wrong, so we are likely
to be intrigued by his shifty behaviour.

p.3

Don’t I get a kiss or are you too grown up for that now? This comment from Violet is rather ironic a little does she
know that Ronnie is about to be propelled into a world of adult problems.

Smiling forlornlyTo be forlorn is to be pitifully sad or lonely. Ronnie smiles in an attempt to appease Violet, but the
audience will see that he is feeling hopeless. The fact that Ronnie smiles suggests he doesn’t wish to upset Violet so
puts on a brave face.

A deliberately cultured patriarchal air Arthur strives to appear as a strong, dominant and capable fatherly figure
(patriarchal). The contrast of this to him ‘leaning on a stick’ suggests that despite his strong presence in the room, he
is ageing.

The faded remnants of prettinessThis indicates that Grace still retains some of her youthful good looks, but old age
has mostly taken over.

An air of masculinity. At odds with her mother’s intense femininityCatherine Winslow has a boyish air that contrasts
with her mother’s very feminine style. This contrast emphasises the difference in generations and the values that
they each prioritise.

p.4

Dickie:…He needed the whip coming round the bendDickie uses a horse racing metaphor to make fun of the old
vicar giving the service that morning. This illustrates his playful and mischievous personality, which we can
immediately tell is at odds with Arthur’s seriousness.

AggrievedDickie does not take his father’s snide remarks about ‘failing his mods’ well. He is offended and upset.
P.5

Arthur: …hideous sounds emanating from this roomArthur is referring to the modern music Dickie enjoys listening
to and dancing to. He heard it emanating (coming from) downstairs.

Bunny hugA dance at the time that Dickie was ‘practising’ with Edwina when Arthur walked in on them. Arthur is
dismissive of this.

p.6

Arthur: The exact description of the offense is immaterialArthur calls Dickie’s dance the ‘Bunny Hop’ which shows
his disdain for the music Dickie likes and his disinterest in popular culture. His condescending response shows how
he sees Dickie’s hobbies to have little value.

p.7

Grace: I wish you were as good about work as RonnieThis quotation shows that Ronnie and Dickie’s parents openly
compare Ronnie with Dickie, which Dickie sees as insensitive. Grace when she says this, is ‘looking to the piano, at
Ronnie’s portrait’ as if almost venerating her younger son.

HotlyThis means passionately or fervently. It suggests that Dickie responds in a quick, angry manner, as if he is ready
with a response for this argument, as they have had it many times before.

Footlingunimportant

Now furiousIt does not take long for the argument to escalate. Ronnie’s acceptance into Osbourne is obviously a
point of contention in the Winslow family and a sore point for Dickie. Dickie’s reaction hints to the audience that he
cares about his Father’s opinion despite arguing with him, as he flares up so quickly.

Catherine looks up Catherine has not been paying attention to the argument, indicating that this topic is bickered
over regularly.

with an air of hauteur This means that Dickie tries to leave the room with an air of pride after his argument with
Arthur, although he finds this style difficult to uphold when he is trying to lug out a gramophone.

p.8

Punch Punch was a humorous and satirical weekly magazine that is no longer in circulation. It contained amusing
cartoons and illustrations.

Catherine: Len Rogers..A Trades Union Leader An organisationthat helps workers negotiate things like pay and
working hours with their employer. Len Rogers may be based on a real man called MP J H Wilson who took the
Evening News to court in 1893 and sued them for libel.

Grace: Does John know you’re a radical…and a suffragette…and he still wants to marry you ?A radical is somebody
who wants to change the whole political system of a country, and the suffragettes were a women’s political and
social union who campaigned for women to be given the vote. Grace appears to be joking here, but it seems that
part of what she says is serious. Catherine does not fit into the feminine, compliant model of a wife, who traditional
Grace might see as ‘what men want’.

p.9

Catherine: I’m not sure I like that ‘at last’ Catherine is 29, and at the time the play is set (sometime shortly before
WW1) this would have been fairly old to get married. Catherine’s dry acknowledgement of this is characteristic of
her pragmatic (realistic) approach to life and love.

ByronA flamboyant Romantic poet who indulged in stormy love affairs

PrimedArthur has been prepared for the occasion by the Grace and Catherine

ElopeRun away together and marry

p.10

Grace (sighing) I don’t think you modern girls have the feelings our generation did. It’s this New Woman attitude:
Grace and Catherine represent different generations of women, and Grace finds it difficult to understand Catherine’s
ambitious and independent approach to life.

Catherine (rising and facing Grace): Very well Mother. I love John in every way a woman can love a man, and far,
far more than he loves me. Does that satisfy you? Catherine is frustrated but resigned to the traditional views
women of her mother’s generation held about relationships – that men should be in control and women should dote
on them wholeheartedly. Perhaps however an element of this statement is true for Catherine, after all, John ends up
leaving her because he cannot come to terms with her values. We can’t help but feel that if it was the other way
around, Catherine would have stuck by John.

EmbarrassedGrace is embarrassed by Catherine’s sarcastic declaration of love for John. She is reserved and finds
Catherine’s openness unnerving. She doesn’t know how to react.

p.11

TestilyImpatient, irritable. Although largely good natured, Arthur is easily irritated.

p.12

Dressed in a morning coat and striped trousers, an attired which, though excused by church parade, we may feel
has been donned for the occasionA morning suit is a day suit which would be worn to slightly less formal events,like
church. John has turned up in a particularly smart one, which suggests he has done it deliberately in order to look
his best. Arthur is a fairly intimidating man and it seems he wishes to impress him at this point in the play. ‘Donned
for the occasion’ means he has put it on especially.

John: In moderation of courseThis is another example of John trying to make a good impression on Arthur. He
accepts a cigarette but adds that he only enjoys them in moderation (every now and then) so he does not appear
excessive.

p.13

Regular army John is a soldier in the army who isn’t well paid, he mostly survives of financial supplements from his
father

Subalterns An officer in the army, below the rank of Captain.

p. 14

Hitchey-KooA popular song of the time

Arthur: Stop that cacophonous hullabalooA cacophony means a barrage of loud noises, and hullabaloo means a
commotion. It is typical of Arthur to be verbose (wordy).

P.15

Arthur: ConfoundedAnnoying, bewildering.

ApologeticallyArthur is apologetic for Violet. She came to the family from an orphanage and the family have
supported her ever since. This indicates the family are loyal and supportive, as it is heavily hinted at by Arthur that
Violet isn’t very good at her job.

Arthur: Certain marked eccentricities Marked eccentricities means that Violet has obvious (marked) strange habits
(eccentricities)

Lavish Excessive

DowryThe money a bride brings to her marriage

P.16
Arthur: Beggars can’t be choosersArthur is quoting a well-known phrases thatmeans that John will have to accept
his dowry offer if he wants to marry Catherine, as he hasn’t got any other choice.

p.17

KnutsA fashionably dressed man

CoylyShyly and giggly

p.18

Catherine: He disapproves of me doesn’t he…he has a way of looking at me through his monocle that shrivels me
upThe audience learn here that Colonel Watherstone, John’s father perhaps looks down on Catherine. We may
suspect that this is partly because of her forward-thinking political views. This comment is typical of Catherine’s
open, frank and witty nature. Her light, mocking tone shows her unwillingness to be intimidated by self-important
men.

p.19

Catherine: Dickie is of course; and Ronnie, though he doesn’t need to be. Father worships him. I don’t know about
Mother being scared of him. Sometimes, perhaps. I’m not –everDespite putting on a façade of haughtiness, it
seems Dickie in fact fears his father, as does Ronnie. Catherine reaffirms here how Arthur dotes on Ronnie, and we
may sympathise with Dickie as he probably wants Arthur’s approval, hence the deep offence he takes when Arthur
criticised him earlier in the scene. Arthur is the governing leader of the family, although his ‘worship’ of Ronnie
could perhaps be his weak spot. Catherine herself isn’t scared of her father, which suggest she can see through male
façade, and Arthur’s ‘cultured Patriarchal air’.

Bedraggled and woe-begoneRonnie is wet and dishevelled (bedraggled), and in a state of despair.

p.20

TactfullyJohn is tactful (sensitive) enough to realise something serious has happened and discreetly leaves the room
so Catherine can talk to Ronnie in private.

AbstractedlyDistracted

Petty officer A secondary Navy officer of less importance.

p.21

Dickie: I’m sorry: Dickie’s response isn’t one of surprise or shock. We can’t help but get the impression he is used to
‘trouble’ , perhaps almost expecting Ronnie to eventually follow in his own footsteps. Dickie’s vexation at Arthur’s
undisguised favouritism towards Ronnie does not seem to manifest in hostility to his younger brother, his anger
more seems to be directed towards his parents. He does not therefore gloat when Ronnie is expelled.

P.22

Dickie (evidently relieved) oh is that all? Good Lord! I didn’t know they sacked chaps for that these daysDickie is
surprised Ronnie has been expelled for what in his eyes, is a minor offence. We may suspect that Dickie has seen or
perhaps experienced a great deal worse in his time.

p.23

Keep caveKeep guard

p.24

Catherine: Heartless? It’s cold, calculated inhumanityCatherine’s very emotional and sympathetic response to
Dickie’s plight is typical of her concern with justice. She is less interested in the fact he has been expelled, but more
the treatment he has received which in her eyes, is a shameful way to treat a child. It is interesting to note the
character’s different responses to the news of Ronnie’s expulsion.
John:…you must remember, he’s not really at school. He’s in the serviceJohn’s cold, practical response is at odds
with Catherine’s very passionate one. John is in the army himself, so would be used to stringent military discipline.

p.25

An athlete gone to seed Desmond looks as though he used to be athletic and fit, but has let himself go somewhat.

Furtiveattempting to avoid notice or detection

Abscondedleave hurriedly and secretively

Petty cashMoney kept in a business for small, everyday spending

p.26

Capital(slang) very good

Desmond: Still, it was quite a surprise, hearing it like that – from Violet in the hall This is another example of Violet
giving the game away. Despite feeling sorry for Desmond, this awkward encounter between himself and the engaged
couple is likely to being some light relief after Ronnie’s intense misery.

p.27

Desmond (who’s moment has come) : I am D. W. H. Curry Desmond’s crowning glory is his cricket career, and his
‘moment’ comes when he reveals himself to John. Although he provides some comedy, Desmond is also rather a sad
character. He still relies on his years of cricketing glory as a means of defining himself, despite now being washed up.
His courteous but rather mournful acknowledgement of John and Catherine’s engagement is indicative of his good
but somewhat defeatist nature.

Desmond: 1895. At Lord’s. Twenty-six overs, nine maidens, thirty-seven runs, eight wicketsDesmond is talking
about the score of a cricket game he played in.

He pats his protuberant stomach Desmond has put on weight since his cricketing career, and his stomach now sticks
out (protuberant). Desmond’s awareness that he has ‘let himself go’ could perhaps be linked to his inability to
pursue Catherine for all the time he has known her, despite realising she would slip from his grasp eventually.

P.29

Eluding escaping

VoltaireFrench writer known for his originality

Dickie: Oh, is that all finally spliced up now? Kate definitely withdrawn to stud? Dickie is making a joke that
Catherine is like a horse that is too old for racing and has been retired for breeding.

AugurySuperstition

AllayedSet aside

BewildermentConfused

Frozen with apprehensionThe characters are frozen with anxiety and worry

Instinctively taking chargeThis confirms Catherine’s earlier assertion that she is not afraid of Arthur, and is able to
take charge of the situation.

p.32

On the 7th instantOn the 7th of this month

Postal order A postal order allowed people to send money through the post safely. The sender buys it for the cash
value they wish to send, then the recipient can cash it in at their local post office for money. Ronnie would have had
to pretend that the postal order was his in order to be given the money.
Dickie: Yes father…yes fatherDickie’s obedience here again confirms Catherine’s statement that the rest of the
family are scared of Arthur. Dickie has dropped his earlier pretence at dignity as he realises how serious this situation
is and he doesn’t wish to antagonise his father.

Reluctantlyunwilling, hesitant

p.35

Arthur continues to stare into his eyes for a second, then relaxesThis exchange between Arthur and Ronnie is a
pivotal moment in the play, as it as this point it seems that Arthur decides in his mind he is going to fight Ronnie’s
case. Perhaps Ronnie’s resolve during his intense questioning has made him sure of his son’s innocence, or perhaps
he has decided to fight for Ronnie regardless of his possible guilt. Arthur’s motivations in the case and questions
surrounding Ronnie’s guilt or innocence, are ones that will come up frequently as the play goes on.

Act 1 Scene 2

P.35

Essays a little pas seul Dickie dances on his own for a bit

P.36

Soft needle and an old sweater down the hornDickie is advising on how to muffle the sound of the gramophone so
Arthur can’t hear it and complain.

Daly’s A music hall in London

The Cri’The Criterion, a restaurant in London.

Dickie: ‘In your new feminine world do you suppose women will be allowed to do some of the paying?Dickie is
gently mocking Catherine’s ‘new woman’ attitude. He jokes that women should offer to pay on dates if feminism
becomes successful and equality is achieved.

p.37

Dickie:..the next time you’re looking for someone to chain themselves to Mr. Asquith you can jolly well call on me
Mr. Asquith was the Prime Minister at the time.Extreme suffrage saw Women chaining themselves to buildings for
their cause. Dickie is joking that he would go to great length to help achieve equality if it meant women would pay
on dates. The fact he makes this joke suggests that men were always expected to pay on dates in this era.

DoomsdayDoomsday means judgement day, i.e. the end of the world. He is joking that if he ever suggested Edwina
paid she wouldn’t stand for it. It would have generally be considered improper for women to pay on a night out.

Salver small tray used to carry letters and papers

Scandalously high handed treatment by the Admiralty of the case of the Winslow cadet Someone is writing into
the paper to voice their opinion on a case they have been following. At this point we can tell that Arthur has pursued
the matter of Ronnie’s expulsion and the Ronnie has made national news. The person writing in is commenting that
they think Ronnie has been treated ‘high-handedly’ which means unfairly.

The efforts of Mr. Arthur Winslow to secure a fair trial for his son have evidently been thwarted at every time by a
soulless oligarchy The person writing in goes on to say that Arthur’s attempt to get Ronnie a fair trial have been
deliberately stopped (thwarted) by the harsh (soulless) ruling powers (oligarchy). This information reveals to the
audience that Arthur Winslow is fighting to get Ronnie a fair trial, but is obviously struggling to secure it.

Increasing encroachment of their ancient freedom To encroach means to invade, so the letter writer is commenting
how the tyrannical (despotism) rule of government (Whitehall) is ruining British citizen’s basic rights, and taking on
(encroaching) on their rights.

p.38
Libertatis AmatorThe letter writer signs his letter ‘Lover of Freedom’. When people write into public newspapers
they often sign off with a nickname that is related to the content of their letter.

Perplexed Confused. This letter writer states that he is bewildered as to why there is so much press coverage of
Ronnie’s predicament. From this we can infer that the fight for a fair trial is being widely discussed, and that
members of the public are divided.

Present trouble in the Balkans Unrest in the Balkans led to the outbreak of WW1. The impact of the impending war
would have certainly affected The Winslow Family, and this is something worth considering as you read the play.

A certain major European powerGermany

Sordid little storm in a tea cup This letter writer is suggesting that the Winslow affair seems disreputable, and it has
been blown way out of proportion considering the how insignificant the offense is.

Dickie: If it hadn’t been my own brother I think I might quite likely have seen perplexed’s point Dickie is admitting
that the letter writer who nicknamed himself ‘Perplexed’ actually has a good point. This suggests that while he is
supporting Ronnie and Arthur, he cannot understand the real motivation behind their actions.

p.39

Dickie: Feminism – even in love? Dickie is joking that even in her relationship Catherine insists on equality, as she
states that it was actually her that taught John to dance and not the other way around, as people might expect.

Catherine shakes her head, smiling, but not too emphaticallyWhen Dickie asks if anything is wrong between her
and John, Catherine shakes her head but isn’t very convincing or assured (emphatic). This suggests there may be
something wrong that has developed over the last nine months.

Dickie: Competition? Dickie is asking whether Catherine is having to compete against another woman for John’s
affections, and if that is why she is worried.

Catherine: Not yet – only differences of opinions Catherine’s reply suggests that she and John are having
disagreements. We know Catherine is opinionated, so this is no surprise, and we may wonder if this is because of
Ronnie’s trial.

Dickie: Supress your opinions. Men don’t like ‘em in their lady friends….like Edwina then he’ll adore you Dickie is
being frank with Catherine, telling her that men don’t like opinionated women and prefer dim girls (half-wits) like his
own girlfriend Edwina. Although we may feel depressed by Dickie’s advice, it suggests he has a close relationship
with Catherine, and perhaps knows what kind of a man John is. It also suggests he is not very serious about his own
girlfriend. Dickie could perhaps deliver this line in a rather mocking tone, but we can’t help but feel that this is what
he seriously believes.

p.40

Dickie: I don’t know why you didn’t fall in love with Ramsay Macdonald First Labour Prime Minister. Dickie is joking
that Catherine should have married a Labour leading, indicating that she may be a labour supporter.

P.41

Impedimenta Nuisances

Dickie in deference of his father’s position continues to work Dickie quietly obeys his father (deferential) and at
least pretends to do his work, probably because he wants his father to be pleased with him.

LibellousA false statement that is damaging to a person’s reputation

Merely base to be base is to be dishonourable. Arthur is explaining to Dickie that ‘Perplexed’ has not been making
up false allegations, he is merely being dishonourable ( base)

Elaborately industrious Dickie is going over the top in trying to look like he is working hard

P.42
Arthur: I must impress upon you the urgent necessity for absolute truthArthur is saying that it is absolutely
essential that Dickie is open and honest with him. This may indicate he has not always been truthful in the past.

InvariablyAlways, doesn’t change

BookmakerAn organisation or person that accepts bets. Arthur does not think it is likely that Dickie will get a degree
and conveys his lack of faith in him by speaking in a language of ‘odds’ and ‘bets’ , as he probably feels this is a
language that Dickie will understand. We may feel he is undermining Dickie at this point in the play.

Civil servant Someone employed to work for a government agency. This would most likely be a job in an office which
we may feel isn’t suited to Dickie. Here it is implied that becoming a civil servant is the job Arthur has in mind for
Dickie, rather than this being Dickie’s chosen career path.

Outside chancelow likelihood

p.43

I’ll work like a black This is an old-fashioned expression that means to work very hard. Black people were often
employed in low-skilled jobs where they had to do very hard and difficult work. Dickie means that he will work hard
at his degree if Arthur lets him stay at Oxford.

Dickie: I hear you are hoping to brief Sir. Robert Morton At this point in the play we have not yet been introduced
to Sir. Robert, but it is indicated here that Dickie was expecting Arthur to stop paying his £200 a year university fees
as he wishes to instruct a lawyer to take up Ronnie’s case. This again may raise questions for the audience about
Arthur’s priorities.

P.44

SovereignsA gold coin that was worth about a pound. Arthur gives this to Dickie as a way if appeasing him after
telling him he no longer will pay for him to go to university. This is a rather sad gesture, as Dickie is almost reduced
to being a little boy who is being given pocket money by his father. Arthur does not realise that this money will not
go very far.

Arthur: …bearing an unpleasant blow with some fortitude Arthur is thanking Dickie for not making a fuss about
having to leave Oxford. Fortitude means strength and resilience. We can’t help but feel that Dickie is hiding his real
feelings from his father, especially when he exclaims ‘oh rot’.

Arthur winces visibly Arthur does not take Miss. Barnes seriously and cannot bear her rather tacky approach to the
case. It is clear that the female reporter only wants to report aspects of the case that will appear dramatic. The
details of the case are very serious and important to Arthur, so he cannot bear to see it being trivialised in this
manner.

p.46

Arthur: I venture to think that this case has rather wider implications than thatArthur is saying that the case is
more important than ‘a father’s fight for his little son’s honour’ as Miss. Barnes describes it. Miss. Barnes is
disinterested in the case, other than the sensational (dramatic) aspects of it that she can include in her paper, The
Daily News.

p.47

Advocate lawyer

Indifferently not caring. Miss. Barnes is clearly not interested details of the case.

p.47

Arthur: We applied to the admiralty for a court martial A military trial where the accused would be allowed to have
legal representation. Arthur applied for this for Ronnie but was ignored.
Civil trial A normal, public trail. Arthur also applied for this for Ronnie but was again ignored. Miss. Barnes is not
interested in any of these details.

Independent enquiry When people outside an organisation investigate it.

Jude Advocate of the Fleet Legal advisors to the crown on all Navy matters. The fact that this body conducted the
‘independent enquiry’ suggests it was not independent at all and would have been biased towards the Navy.

Miss Barnes:..oh what charming curtains!...Miss. Barnes is soon distracted by the curtains in the Winslow
household, and Grace joins her in excited discussion over these. Rattigan here presents two women who are at odds
with Catherine’s intellectual and progressive stance on life, and they are almost stereotyped into being housewives
who are only interested in clothes and furnishings. Despite being a female journalist who should represent power
and progression for women, Miss. Barnes fits into a disappointing caricature of women whose interests do not
stretch further than the curtains in the room. The audience may feel here that Arthur is presented as the clever,
practical man who understands complicated legal matters, and his wife grace is only stimulated by household
matters, such as curtains.

p.48

Boisterously excitable

Tophole Old-fashioned way of saying something is excellent or first-rate. There is irony here as Ronnie, who is
causing Arthur so much heat-ache and expense, is carefree and enjoying himself. We may wonder here who Arthur
is fighting this battle for. Is it really just for Ronnie’s benefit?

Sibilant A hissing sound. Ronnie isn’t being very discreet

He is a listless photographer complete with apparatusTo be listless is to be lethargic or disinterested. Fred’s

presence would probably create humour on stage as he ‘gloomily’ enters burdened by all his photography
equipment (apparatus).

p.50

PerturbationTo be agitated or alarmed. The only thing that shakes Ronnie’s good mood is the mention of his school
report. This subtly indicates that despite being the subject of a huge media row, Ronnie is still concerned with
everyday things that other children his age would be.

Divinity The study of religion or theology

P.51

Chattering shrilly:Ronnie is chattering away excitedly

Grace: But really Arthur it does seem awfully silly to spend all this money on doctors if you’re not actually going to
do what they say It is indicated here that Arthur’s physical health is deteriorating. We may wonder whether it is the
stress of the case that is causing him to suffer.

Arthur: I don’t know, I feel suddenly suicidally inclined. (Bitterly) A father’s fight for his little boy’s honour. Special
appeal to all women, Photo inset of Mrs. Winslow’s curtains. Is there any hope for the world?The visit of the
female journalist has depressed Arthur. He feels that if all people are interested in are the sensational, sentimental
aspects of the case then there isn’t much point in doing it.

Arthur: You realise if we go on, your marriage settlement must go? Arthur explains to Catherine that if he
continues spending money on the case he won’t be able to give her a dowry to bring into her new marriage.
Catherine takes the news ‘lightly’ and does not argue or complain. This is typical of her practical and selfless nature.

Catherine: You know what I think of Sir. Robert Morton Father, don’t let’s go into it again now…Catherine
evidently disapproves or Arthur’s choice of lawyer, and it appears to be something they have discussed and argued
over multiple times before.
Catherine: He’s not nearly so fashionable Catherine is implying that Sir. Robert Morton is so famous and sought-
after, just because he is a fashionable lawyer and therefore is able to charge as he pleases.

Catherine: because if it happens to be a large monopoly attacking a trade union or a Tory paper libelling a Labour
leader, he is the best, but it beats me how you or anyone else could expect a man of his record to have even a
tenth of the heart in a case where the boot is entirely on the other foot Arthur asks why everyone thinks Sir. Robert
is the best, and this is Catherine’s response. She is explaining that when it is a bullying power (large monopoly)
attacking a trade union, or the conservative government making false allegations about the Labour party, people are
going to say Sir.Robert is the best as he always represents the stronger power and helps quash the underdog, or
people and organisations with less of a voice. In other words, Catherine is implying that Sir.Robert Morton always
represents those who have the most power and dominance, and therefore usually wins. She doesn’t think he will be
much bothered by Ronnie’s case, as for once he will be representing the underdog, against a huge military power,
the Navy.

Arthur: I believe you are prejudiced because he spoke against women’s suffrage Arthur believes that Catherine
already dislikes Sir.Robert because he has not supported women getting the vote. We can already tell that Catherine
and Sir. Robert will probably hold very different political and social views, so we may now expect some tension
between these two characters.

Arthur: You’re my only ally Kate. Arthur is saying that Catherine is the only one who is supporting him. From this we
can infer that the other characters do not approve of the lengths Arthur is going to get Ronnie a fair trial.

p. 56

Cadaverousvery thin

Rather a fopA man who is obsessed with their clothes and appearance, a glamour boy.

His supercilious expression bears out this view His arrogant (supercilious) expression goes well with his fancy
clothes

Desmond: Of course, it’s a long way for him to come – so far from his chambers…and very good of him to do it,
too if I may say. Desmond clearly looks up to Sir. Robert and is rather obsequious in his manner.

p.57

Catherine: Some people find it shocking People used to think smoking was unladylike

Indifferentlydisinterested

Conversation languishes When Sir. Robert and Catherine are left alone the conversation dies (languishes). There is
an awkward silence between them.

Devonshire House An important political and social centre. Only distinguished people would be invited, so the fact
Sir.Robert is going emphasises his status as a fashionable and well regarded lawyer.

p.58

Collusive action legal term describing the secret agreement if two parties to stand against a third party and take the
latter to court.

Forensic triumphsImpressive cross-examination of evidence on which cases were won

Embezzlement case Embezzlement is when employees take money from the company you work for to spend on
yourself. Len Rogers, who’s biography Catherine was reading earlier in the play, was cross-examined (questioned in
court) by Sir. Robert who would have been working for the prosecution. It is easy to see why Catherine is biased
against Sir. Robert, especially since Len Rogers committed suicide after the case.

p.59
Pacifically Calmly

p.60

Petition of Right As the Navy belonged to the king or queen, taking the admiralty to court would be like accusing
royalty of doing wrong, which in legal terms was not possible. The only way around this was for an individual to ask
the king or queen via parliament, to be allowed to bring the matter to trial. If this request was refused the issue had
to be discussed in the House of Commons.

Attorney-general An MP who acts as the King or Queen’s lawyer

Languidly Slowly and weakly

p.62

Incentive Reason

P.O Petty officer.

IndignantlySurprised and annoyed. Ronnie did not expect Sir. Robert to cross-examine him in this manner when he
thought he was meant to be on his side.

p.66

Snarling Sir. Robert is very severe and does not take kindly to Ronnie’s indignant retort.

Impertinent Rude

p.67

Rattled upset or shaken up

Almost shouting Ronnie is not used to being spoken to in the way Sir. Robert is questioning. It is likely his parents
have been much softer with him and that is what he is used to. His family have seemed to take it for granted that he
is innocent, but Sir. Robert is questioning him.

p.68

C.O Commanding officer

With searing sarcasm Sir. Robert is mocking Ronnie through cruel sarcasm

p.69

Wildly Ronnie is starting to lose control as he crumbles under Sir.Robert’s interrogation. He can’t seem to say the
right thing

Malevolently Sinisterly, nastily

Utmost venomSir. Robert is spitting his words out at Ronnie like poison. Catherine and Arthur are outraged little
Ronnie is being treated like this.

Envelops himTakes him in her arms

Act 2 Scene 1

p. 73

Histrionic hyperbole The words are over dramatic because of over excitement.
Right honourable and learned gentleman opposite Arthur is reading from the newspaper a transcript of a debate in
parliament. Sir Robert is being addressed in the manner which MPs adopt in parliamentary debate

Callousness Cruelty, heartlessness

Deliberate malice Being cruel on purpose

Unfounded accusations Untrue and unnecessary allegations/accusations

First Lord Government minister responsible for the Navy

Arthur: I must say it looks as though the first lord is having a rather rough passage Arthur is making a nautical joke
that suggests the MP representing the Navy is having a difficult time defending their treatment of Ronnie.

P. 74

Contrive Try

Tranquilly oblivious form Ronnie is sleeping peacefully (tranquilly) and is blissfully oblivious to the rather long-
winded article Arthur is reading aloud.

Petition of Right As the Navy belonged to the king or queen, taking the admiralty to court would be like accusing
royalty of doing wrong, which in legal terms was not possible. The only way around this was for an individual to ask
the king or queen via parliament, to be allowed to bring the matter to trial. If this request was refused the issue had
to be discussed in the House of Commons

Demurrer:A legal plea where the action of the court is stopped by one side stating that they do not feel the evidence
being presented by the other side is relevant to the case.

Eloquent Expressive, fluent

Liberty of the individual menaced…by the new despotism of bureaucracy The rights of normal individuals are
threatened (menaced) by laws enforced by the government

Resonant Noble and memorable

The time-honoured phrase ‘let right be done’ A phrase that has been well-regarded for years. ‘Let Right be Done’
was a phrase that endorsed a Petition of Right (see above). This has almost become Sir. Robert and Catherine’s catch
phrase and indeed is an idea that runs throughout the play. It seems to suggests that what is right and just must
triumph over unfairness at whatever cost, however as an audience we may have differing ideas about what is ‘right’
– Is Arthur sacrificing everything for this case ‘right’. We may question here the difference between what is morally
right, and what is legally right.

p.75

Dangerous precedents The First Lord is worried that if Ronnie is allowed to sue the crown, it will encourage other
people to follow suit.

Private rights may have to be sacrificed for the public good Individual rights may need to be given up so everyone
can benefit

Charles 1…Ship money unpopular ancient tax often referred to when individual freedom was thought to be
threatened by a central power

Succumbed to oblivion Ronnie can’t help but fall asleep

p.76

Arthur: I believe you’d better grasp the nettle Arthur means that Grace should ‘bite the bullet’ and sack Violet. The
Winslow family have been under a great deal of financial pressure since the case arose, and they can no longer
afford to keep Violet. Arthur is urging Grace to speak to her. We may wonder why Arthur does not do this himself
and what will become of the rather hopeless Violet if she loses her job with the family with whom she has worked
and lived for years.

Grace (bitterly) …what do you know about my worries? It is hinted at here that Grace is feeling neglected by Arthur
and resents him asking her to sack Violet.

p.77

Arthur: We’ll give her an excellent reference When people leave jobs their old employer writes them a reference
which is a report about how well they did the job. Arthur is prepared to write a good reference for Violet so she can
get a new job more easily.

A shade hysterically Grace is starting to lose her cool. This may come as a shock to the audience, as she is usually so
calm and collected. Grace is used to living to a certain standard that Arthur cannot provide anymore. The family are
slowly losing their home comforts in order to fund Ronnie’s case.

Arthur: However you look at it that’s bad economics Arthur is explaining to Grace that they simply don’t have the
money to keep on Violet as they are now living on half the income they are used to. We may feel this is typical of
Arthur to look at emotional choices such as getting rid of Violet in terms of numbers and figures.

p.78

Arthur: I hate heroics Grace, but you force me to say this. An injustice has been done. I am going to set it right,
and there is no sacrifice in the world I am not prepared to make in order to do so This is a difficult moment in the
play for the audience. Although Arthur does not wish to sound dramatic, we can’t help but feel impressed by his
commitment to prove Ronnie’s innocence. When we think about it a little more however, we may see problematic
questions arise. Is Arthur sacrificing happiness, financial security and opportunities for his family members by
pursuing the case? Is Ronnie really innocent? Is the case worth it? How much do we value justice in comparison to
having a comfortable life?

Wearily Tired

Gout: A form of inflammatory arthritis

p.79

Grace: That sounds very noble. Are you sure it’s true? Are you sure it isn’t just plain pride and self-importance and
sheer brute stubbornness? Grace is concerned that Arthur is pursuing the case out of his own selfish pride, not
because he actually wants to help Ronnie.

p.80

A fine old rumpus that is Violet thinks the case is a lot of fuss and bother. Ironically, it’s likely some of the general
working public had similar thoughts. As the matter is so important and personal to Arthur it is hard to imagine that
most normal people aren’t emotionally invested in it, but enjoy following it for entertainment.

Wonders will never cease Things never fail to surprise us

Piteous Sad and wretched

Redress Justice, compensation

Catherine: The First Lord have an assurance that in future there would be no enquiry at Osbourne or Dartmouth
without informing the parents first. That seemed to satisfy most members Ronnie was sent away from Naval
school without his parents ever being informed, and they only found out when he actually got back to the house.
The minister representing the Navy seems to think the matter is settled if the Navy promise never to send back
cadets from their institutions unless they inform parents first. This of course will not be enough for Arthur – he
wants to clear Ronnie’s name too.

p.81
Iniquitous Unfair, immoral

Arthur: Will there be a division? A vote in a parliamentary debate

p.82

It’s aired the case a littleCatherine means that the case has got some publicity from the parliamentary debate.

Catherine He’d had his feet on the Treasury table and his hat over his eyes , during most of the first Lord’s speech
Catherine is reporting back to Arthur about how Sir. Robert behaved during the parliamentary debate. We already
know that Sir. Robert can come across as rather arrogant, and indeed in court he enjoys putting on a carelessly cool
display. It is likely that he can pull off this persona because of his fame, prestige and self-confidence.

Indignant Annoyed

Catherine: Sir Robert, father dear, is not a man of feeling. I don’t think any emotion can stir that fishy heart
Catherine believes Sir. Robert to be a very good actor and that causing controversy through his conceited behaviour
is all part of his act. She does not believe that he is emotionally invested in Ronnie’s trial and thinks he has a cold
heart.

p.83

Catherine:…the staunch defender of the little manCatherine is implying that Sir. Robert is only defending Ronnie so
that he looks good in the public eye. She assumes that he wants people to think he is loyal and faithful to individuals
and is willing to stand up against powers to do justice. As far as Catherine is concerned this is all an act and he simply
wants people to think of him as a hero. She does not believe that Sir. Robert is a man of warmth of real sympathy for
Ronnie.

Supercilious Arrogant

Forestalled Anticipated, got there first

Gallantly Courteously, chivalrously. Sir Robert is teasing Catherine as he knows she won’t value him complimenting
her hat

p.84

Casus BelliLatin meaning the cause of the war

Damaging admissions Sir. Robert thinks that Ronnie admitted too many things that made him look bad. It his theory
that if Ronnie had really been guilty, he would have made up a better, more water-tight story to cover himself.

p.85

Arthur: My daughter has told me of your demonstration during the First Lord’s speech Arthur means that he knows
all about Sir. Robert throwing down his papers and walking out of court

Catherine catches her father’s eye and nods triumphantly Catherine argued with Arthur earlier that she knew Sir.
Roberts passionate behaviour was merely an act. Arthur rather naively thought it genuinely might be owing to his
‘single-minded love of justice’

P.86

SuavelyCharmingly, smoothly

Confounded nuisance Sir. Robert thinks that kicking up a fuss and not giving up is the best way to make progress
with Ronnie’s case at this particular time

Sensing something amiss Sir. Robert can guess that something is wrong (amiss) as Arthur is reading the letter
Catherine told him to ignore

With false vivacity False cheerfulness

P.87

Balderdash! Rubbish!

Unparlimentary expressionCatherine is surprised at Sir. Robert’s outburst of slang

Catherine:…it says that our efforts to discredit the Admiralty in the house of commons today have resulted in
merely making the name of Winslow a nation-wide laughing stock John’s traditional, military father, colonel
Watherstone, is embarrassed by the Winslow family efforts to speak up against the Navy and thinks they have made
fools of themselves. He evidently strongly disapproves of Arthur’s efforts to get Ronnie a fair trial and sees the family
as a joke or a ‘laughing stock’.

p.88

Whining and reckless agitation Colonel Whaterstone sees the case as foolish and childish

Ultimatum Conditions that must be met before drastic action is taken

Catherine for all her bravado, is plainly scared We know that Catherine is a strong character and will do anything to
support her family, but these stage directions betray the fact that she is genuinely worried about Colonel
Whatherstone’s ultimatum. This line shows us how deeply Catherine cares about her relationship with John despite
the sacrifices she has made.

Negligible So small it is insignificant

p.89

Defiantlyboldly, rebelliously

With a deprecating gesture He is embarrassed by Mr. Winslow’s praise

Sir. Robert: It seems decidedly wrong to me that a lady of your political persuasion should be allowed to adorn
herself with such a feminine allurement. It really looks so awfully like trying to have the best of both worlds. Sir.
Robert is teasing Catherine by suggesting that women with political views such as hers shouldn’t concern themselves
with fashion if they wish to be considered in the same way that men are.

Catherine: I’m not a militant you know , Sir Robert. I don’t go about breaking shop windows with a hammer or
pouring acid down pillar boxes A militant is someone with extreme views who fights aggressively for their beliefs.
Catherine is explaining to Sir. Robert that not all suffragettes adhere to violent, aggressive stereotypes.

p.90

Catherine glares at his but suppresses an angry retort Catherine is clearly infuriated by Sir. Robert but manages to
stop herself saying anything

Propagate: Spread, move forward. Sir. Robert is asking Catherine what she actually does to spread the women’s
suffrage movement

Lucrative: Something that earns a lot of money

p.91

Belated:late

Shamming: pretending

p.92

John: (muttering) It was damned high-handed of the old man I’ll admit Even John thinks his father’s threat to call
off the wedding if the Winslow’s don’t drop the case is rather extreme.
Dullydrearily, depressed

In the soupIn trouble

p.93

John: Unlike you I have a practical mind John thinks that Catherine is being too emotional about their marriage
situation and he does not believe that they can survive without marriage from their families.

DiehardSomeone who refuses to give up their traditional belief

Five bob postal order Five shillings

p.94

Catherine: …All that I care about is that people should know that a Government department has ignored a
fundamental human right and that it should be forced to acknowledge it. That’s all that’s important to me, John,
but it is terribly important We learn here the extent of Catherine’s concern with justice. Although she isn’t even
confident that Ronnie is innocent, she cannot bear the fact he hasn’t had a fair trial. She is risking everything for the
sake of pursuing what is right, not clearing Ronnie’s name. She cares deeply about the rights of the individual.

European war John is referring to WW1

Civil war in Ireland John is speaking of the disagreements in Ireland between those who wanted Home Rule and
those who wished to continue being ruled by England

Coal Strike Coal miners’ strike in 1912

Bally bloody

P.95

Catherine: …if ever the time comes when the House of Commons has so much on its mind that it can’t find time to
discuss a Ronnie Winslow and his bally postal order, this country will be a far poorer place than it is now Catherine
means that we mustn’t ignore the smaller things in life, and although Ronnie’s case may seem unimportant to John,
the rights of every individual person still need to be valued.

Mess: Social area in army barracks

John:…In front of the House of Lords for stealing the Adjutant’s bath The House of Lords was a supreme court and
the Adjutant’s bath would have been an old, crummy bath of little value. John is getting ridiculed at work for dating
Catherine and all his friends have heard about the case and most likely see it all as far-fetched. Here we see that
John’s loyalty to Catherine is being stretched. Although he seems to love her he cannot bear that his pride is
damaged, and that is father is disapproving of the match. His love for her is not enough to enable him to rise above
petty criticisms.

Alhambra: Music hall

Quod Prison

Wavered Had second thoughts

p.97

Enquiringly Sir. Robert is looking at Catherine as if he is wanting answers because he wants to know how her
discussion with John went. She doesn’t give anything away.

Scathing denunciations Sir. Robert’s lawyer friends gave a bitterly cruel speech showing his disapproval of the way
Ronnie has been treated.

Sir Robert: …It appears that rather than risk a division (the First Lord) has this moment given an undertaking that
he will instruct the Attorney-General to endorse our Petition of Right. The case of Winslow vs Rex can now come
to court The Petition of Right has been approved (endorsed) and Ronnie will now be allowed a fair trial. The First
Lord has done this to save a big argument (division) in the House of Commons.

Catherine (in a flat voice): Do you need my instructions Sir. Robert? Aren’t they already on the Petition? Doesn’t it
say, ‘let right be done’? This is a pivotal moment in the play as it is at this time that Catherine prioritises her values
over her own wants and needs. She knows that if she pursues the case John won’t be able to marry her as he cannot
stand the shame, so Arthur and Sir. Robert have an anxious wait as she announces whether they are going to go
ahead with the trial. The conviction with which she delivers this line shows that she is true to herself and her values,
and that she is in no doubt that what she is doing is right, despite the heartache it is going to cause her personally.
John storms out as he knows Catherine has chosen justice over their relationship.

Act 2 Scene 2

p.98

Stiflingly hot Very hot and stuffy

p.99

Exertions Efforts

Sober Serious

No immediate prospects Dickie means he isn’t seeing anyone serious

FretworkPattern cutting in wood. Hobby of young boys at the time

p.100

Reading’s Savile Row Savile Row was considered the best place to buy a suit in London. Dickie is joking that he
bought his suit in Reading’s version of Savile Row – i.e. somewhere that isn’t as classy

Off the peg Not made to measure. The suit is a standard size which would have been cheaper. Dickie is evidently not
living a lavish lifestyle.

Grace: I don’t know. I’ve been there all four days now and I’ve hardly understood a word that’s going on. Kate
says the judge is against us, but he seems like a charming old gentleman to meThis quotation shows Grace’s
naivety when it comes to the case. Apart from Catherine (who is ultimately punished for her beliefs) Rattigan
portrays all women in the play as being naïve and concerned only with trivial matters.

p.101

People being turned out people being thrown out of court

Prerogativesrights in law

Grace: …you heard about John I suppose? From this exchange between Dickie and Grace we can guess that John has
left Catherine.

Arthur appears at the french window. He is walking very groggily, with the aid of a stick Arthur’s health is clearly
deteriorating.

p.102

Propulsion Moving forwards

Decent old stick..old baa lamb Nice but boring old person

Lost his shirt Lost all his money betting on the races

Territorials British Army Reserve forces. This is significant if we remember the play is set just before WW1.
A bit of a scrapDickie is referring to the onset of WW1. Calling it a ‘scrap’ is an understatement and typical of Dickie’s
tendency to make light of serious situations. He does not realise the grave nature of war.

p. 103

Matinee at the gaiety Afternoon performance at the theatre. Arthur is pointing out that Grace would be more
suitable dressed for a show, suggesting that she isn’t taking the case seriously and is enjoying too much the
excitement and limelight.

Mme. Dupont A seamstress

p. 105

Catherine: Sir. Robert’s very worried. He said the Attorney-General’s speech made a great impression on the jury.
I must say it was very clever. To listen to him yesterday you would have thought that a verdict for Ronnie would
have caused a mutiny in the Royal Navy and triumphant jubilation in Berlin.Catherine is concerned that the
admiralty have put forward a strong case and that the Attorney-General has been overdramatic in doing So,
suggesting that there will be chaos if Ronnie wins his case. This hints at the tensions and fears that were surrounding
the country in the lead up to World War One.

p. 107

Grace: What impertinence! Grace is shocked at how shamelessly rude John is for showing up in court. The audience
may infer here that perhaps John cares about Catherine more than he let on, and is perhaps missing her after their
separation.

Resumption the case starting up again after lunch

p. 108

Prestige Respect, kudos

Adjournment: A break or rest in court proceedings

p. 109

Indifferently Does not care either way

p.110

Catherine (smiling): How very extravagant of you Desmond Catherine is gently mocking Desmond’s safe and
conservative nature. He is obviously a sensible man who doesn’t usually splash out, so to hire a taxi is ‘extravagant’.

A trifle disconcerted Desmond is put out when he realises Catherine has already guessed that he is going to ask her
to marry him. This shows his earnest nature and desire to ‘follow the usual practises’. However, unlike John we learn
that Desmond values Catherine for being this way: ‘Your directness and honesty are two of the qualities I so much
admire in you’ (p111).

p.111

Bewildered confused, lost

Desmond: …I know very well for me what your feelings really are…I know quite well they have never amounted to
much more than a sort of – well – shall we sat, friendliness? A warm friendliness I hope In this rather sad moment
in the play, Desmond asks for Catherine’s hand in marriage with the full realisation of the fact that she will never be
in love with him. He recognises that they are both alone and offers a solution that will offer security and
companionship, but not love and wild romance. Desmond and Catherine are similar in that they are perhaps at risk
of seeming ‘washed up’ by the society they live in. Desmond because he is an unremarkable lawyer whose days of
cricketing glory are behind him, and Catherine because she is an unmarried woman who is approaching thirty. The
audience may either hope to see them unite as it will put an end to loneliness and promise security for both
characters, or may feel that Catherine would be ‘settling’ for Desmond by throwing away her chances of finding true
love.

p. 113

Lord Chief Justice Here Catherine learns that Sir. Robert was offered a very important promotion but turned it down
so he could continue fighting the Winslow Case. Up until now Catherine has believed Sir. Robert to be ‘fishlike’, only
pretending to care about Ronnie’s case so that he can look committed and serious in court. To be promoted to Lord
Chief Justice would have been one of the highest accolades a lawyer could earn, so him turning down this role shows
how he is willing to put his commitment to the case before his career. This is why Catherine calls herself ‘an utter
fool’ on the next page.

p. 114

Folly Foolishness, silly behaviour

P 115

An old maid An unmarried spinster. Arthur feels like this would be a better fate for Catherine than marrying
someone like Desmond who he perceives as uninteresting and hopeless.

I am leaving you and your mother everything Arthur uses this as a reason to deter Catherine from marrying
Desmond, as the comment suggests that she does not need to marry him for financial security. It suggests that
Arthur might be expecting not to live a great deal longer.

p. 116

W.S.A Women’s Suffrage Association

Catherine:…either I marry Desmond and settle down into a quite comfortable existence – or I go on for the rest of
my life earning two pounds a week in the service of a hopeless cause This is the first time in the play we see the
usually brave and courageous Catherine seem jaded and almost frightened for the future. The pressures of the
society that she lives in mean that her options are very limited, and she is beginning to realise this. Because of her
age and gender she is left with little choice but to marry for security or to fight for justice but be punished by being
poor and alone. 30 does not seem old to us know but then it would have been difficult to find a husband.

p. 117

Tranny Bullying, cruelty

Violet: Oh miss Kate, what a shame you missed it! Violet’s long and amusing account of the verdict reminds us
fondly of the beginning of the play where it was Violet who inadvertently revealed that Ronnie was home from
school early. Here there is something of an anti-climax, as instead of the audience getting to witness the emotional
scenes that play out in court, they are narrated by Violet in an inelegant but charming manner. Her account is candid
and honest: ‘I wondered sometimes whether you and Miss. Kate weren’t just wasting your time’ (119) and helps
relieve some of the sad, emotional tension that has built up.

p. 120

Niggardly Stingy. Sir. Robert does not think the admiralty will be able to pay much of the costs the Winslow’s have
spent on the case. He thinks though that by applying a little pressure they can squeeze a little more money from
them: ‘doubtless we can apply a slight spur to the First Lord’s posterior (backside) in the House of Commons’ (p. 121)

p.121

Foregone conclusion A result that is obvious to everyone before it happens

p.122
Despotism Tyranny, cruelty

Pretentious ostentatious, showing off

Infernal unbearable

p.123

Superfluous Unnecessary through being more than enough

Sir. Robert: (after a pause): The robes of that office would not have suited meSir. Robert is referring to the
important job he turned down so that he could continue to fight the case. He is modest about his victory and his
sacrifice when speaking to Catherine, and does not let any emotion show through, even though he is shaking and
Violet reported that he was crying in the courtroom when Ronnie won. This reserved behaviour is typical of Sir.
Robert, so to think he cried in the courtroom shows how much the case must have moved him.

p. 124

Divulge tell

Sir Robert: Very well! If you choose to endow an unimportant incident with a romantic significance, you are
perfectly at liberty to do so. I must go Sir. Robert is embarrassed by the humble thanks that Catherine gives him for
turning down the job of Lord Chief Justice. He is dumbing down his sacrifice, pretending it is unimportant. This
demonstrates how Catherine has indeed been mistaken about Sir. Robert as he is not totally career driven. The case
of a single boy has been more important to him that reaching the pinnacle of his legal career.

p. 125

Sir. Robert I wept today because right had been done…no. Not justice. Right. A key theme in the play is the
question of doing what is right, and indeed the phrase ‘let right be done’ is one that is integral to Catherine and
Arthur’s justification of fighting the case. Sir. Robert is no longer concerned with whether Ronnie is technically,
legally innocent but more so with whether the right, moral outcome has been achieved. This again shows how Sir.
Robert is prioritising real, human issues over the law. This whole exchange shows a human side to Sir. Robert, even
though he is embarrassed about people seeing it.

Advocate Lawyer

Sir Robert: Why don’t you canalize your feministic impulses towards the law-courts Miss. Winslow? Sir. Robert is
impressed by Catherine’s courage and determination, suggesting she should channel it into being a lawyer, rather
than wasting her time on the ‘lost cause’ of suffrage.

p.126

Incipient man-about-town Ronnie is beginning to look fashionable and grown up

Ronnie: I’m most awfully sorry. I say – we won didn’t we? Ronnie has been off at the cinema and has missed the
excitement of winning the case, not that he seems to care much. He has always been fairly indifferent towards the
case (seemingly happy and content at Eton) and his entrance is an anti-climax. This reminds us how the case quickly
became about ideas much bigger than Ronnie’s innocent or guilt. To Catherine and Sir. Robert at least, it became
about standing up for the rights of the individual and giving them a voice.

Catherine (shaking his hand, with a smile): Yes Sir. Robert. One day. But not in the Gallery. Across the floor.
Catherine hints that perhaps one day she will be able to participate in government as an MP, not just to be present
as a spectator. She would be in the party opposing the conservatives and therefore sit opposite Sir. Robert in the
House of Commons. This final remark from Catherine shows that despite her downhearted comments earlier to her
father that the cause was ‘hopeless’, she still believes in fighting for what is right, and indeed will continue to pursue
the cause of suffrage, especially after ‘right’ has been done for her brother. The audience are likely to feel heartened
that despite what she has lost, her future will offer more than simply being a wife, or being a poor and hopeless
suffragette fighting for a futile cause. Catherine believes in the power of right and intends to pursue it.

Study Questions
 Act 1 Scene 1
1) What can we infer about the differences between Dickie, Ronnie and their relationships with their
parents on page 7?

2) Catherine say’s ‘I’m sorry Dickie, I haven’t been listening. Isn’t what quite true?’. What does this
suggest about the family arguments that occur?

3) What does it tell us about Catherine that she reads memoirs of Trade Union leaders, and is a
suffragette?

4) Why does Grace say ‘and he still wants to marry you?’ at the bottom of page 8?

5) On page 10, why is Grace embarrassed when Catherine says: ‘Very well, Mother. I love John in
every way that a woman can love a man, and far, far more than he loves me. Does that satisfy you?’

6) Read the description of John at the top of page 12, and his interaction with Arthur until the bottom
of page 13. What is the relationship like between the characters? Write a short paragraph using
quotations to support your ideas.

7) How is humour created on page 16, from (there is a pause) to (they shake hands)

8) At the top of page 17, Grace says (Unable to repress herself; coyly) : Well? Why is she behaving like
this?

9) Why does Catherine ask John ‘Was it an ordeal?’

Challenge

Find a quotation from this section for each character feature, and explain in detail what it tells us
about them
Arthur ‘Not as generous as I Arthur is pragmatic in
would have liked, I’m his discussion of John
afraid. However- as my and Catherine’s dowry.
wife would say – He is business-like in his
beggars can’t be approach and does not
choosers’ try to impress John. He
p.16 tells him he can either
take it or leave it. This
highlights Arthur’s
rather brusque and
upfront demeanour.

Pages 18-27
 1) How does John’s father, Colonel Whatherstone, view Catherine? What are your first impressions of
him, based on what Catherine has said?

2) Catherine: Dickie is, of course; and Ronnie, though he doesn’t need to be. Father worships him. I
don’t know about Mother being scared of him. Sometimes, perhaps. I’m not – ever’. (p.19)

What does this quotation tell you about each character and their relationship with Arthur? What
does it tell you about Arthur himself? Write a short paragraph explaining your thoughts.

3) On page 21 and 22, what does Dickie’s response to Ronnie’s expulsion tell you about himself, and
his relationship with Ronnie?

4) (Ronnie begins to cry quietly. His head buried in her dress).

What does this quotation tell you about Ronnie and his relationship with his mother?

5) On page 24, read Catherine and John’s differing responses to Ronnie’s news. How do their reactions
differ and what do we learn about each character?

6) Desmond Curry’s athletic figure has ‘gone to seed’ . What does this tell us about Desmond? (p.25)

7) Desmond is also described as being ‘furtive’. How do you think he would behave? (p.25) Why do
you think Rattigan portrayed him this way?

Extension: How does Rattigan create humour on pages 26-27. Write a short paragraph explaining
your ideas and use quotations to support them. You may also consider whether the audience might
feel any other emotions at this point too, for example whether we would feel sorry for Desmond or
not.

p. 28-35

1) Why does Arthur lie to Desmond that it is Grace’s birthday, and what is the comic effect of this
on the audience? (p.28)

2) What does Arthur mean when he says ‘we defy augury’ and why does he say it?

3) How does Violet give away that Ronnie is home, and why does she mistake Arthur’s
‘bewilderment’ for? What is the real reason he is shocked?

4) Why are the other characters ‘frozen with apprehension’ at this point? How does this relate to
Arthur’s role in the family?

5) How does Rattigan build tension on page 31? (from when Violet exits, to the bottom of the
page). Use some quotations to support your ideas
 6) Summarise the letter that Grace reads aloud.

7) ‘Arthur continues to stare into his eyes for a second and then relaxes’

Read page 34 and 35 again. What do you make of the way Arthur interrogates Ronnie. Is he doing
the right thing? Why does he suddenly relax and send Ronnie away?

Extension: Do you think Ronnie is guilty or innocent? Explain your ideas with close reference to the text
Act 1 Scene 2

p. 42-54

1) Read form the bottom of page 39 to when Dickie says ‘that’s the girl’ on page 40. What indications do we get
that Catherine and John’s relationship is suffering?

2) Dickie gives Catherine advice on page 40. Write what he means in your own words. Do you agree with
Dickie? Why? Why not?

3) Summarise the content of the letters written by both Liberatis Amator and Perplexed(p.37-38)

4) Read pages 42, 43 and 44. Do you think it is fair for Arthur to ask Dickie to leave Oxford? Write a short
paragraph (with supporting quotation) explaining your ideas.

5) What are your impressions of Miss. Barnes? What aspects of the Winslow case is she most interested in?
Use quotations to support your ideas.

6) Read page 48. How do you think Ronnie is coping with the case? How does his behaviour show us this? Use
examples to support your ideas.

7) Why does Arthur think Catherine is ‘prejudiced’ against Sir. Robert Morton , the lawyer he wants to hire?
What kind of people or organisations does Sir. Robert usually represent?

Extension: What effect is the case having on the Winslow family so far, and do you think it is justified? Write a
detailed paragraph explaining your ideas, and use sufficient quotation from the text.

p.56-71

1) Look at the stage directions that describe Sir. Robert’s entrance on p.56. What are your first impressions of
him and why?

2) What do ‘cadaverous’ and ‘supercilious’ mean?

3) How does Desmond treat Sir. Robert? Why do you think he behaves like this?

4) Why do you think there is an awkward atmosphere between Catherine and Sir. Robert on page 57. What
does it mean when it says ‘conversation languishes’ ?

5) What is a collusive action? P. 58

6) What is a petition of right? P.59

7) What do you understand by the phrase ‘let right be done’? p. 60

Extension: Examine the cross-examination scene of Ronnie by Sir. Robert. Write a paragraph in your book with
supporting quotations. Don’t forget to consider the following points:

-What do you make of Sir. Robert’s cross-examination of Ronnie?

-Do you think Ronnie is guilty or innocent based on the answers he gives and the way he behaves
-Why do you think Sir. Robert says ‘the boy is clearly innocent’

Act 2 Scene 1
P. 73-86
1) Summarise the article Arthur reads at the beginning of the scene on page 73
2) How do Arthur and Grace’s parenting styles come across as differently on pages 73, 74 and 75? Use
quotation to support your answer.
3) What do you think Grace means when she says ‘(bitterly) My worries? What do you know about my
worries?’ on p.76
4)Read the exchange between Arthur and Grace over pages 76-78 about dismissing Violet. How do you feel
Grace has been affected by the case?
5) On p. 78 Arthur says ‘An injustice has been done. I am going to set it right, and there is no sacrifice in the
world I am not prepared to make in order to do so’. Do you think Arthur is doing the right thing? Write a
small paragraph explaining your ideas.
6) What are Violet’s impressions of the case? (p.80) How far do you agree with her?
7) What does ‘iniquitous’ mean (p.81)
8) What are your impressions of Sir. Robert’s behaviour in court? (p.82)
9) What made Sir. Robert believe that Ronnie was innocent?
Extension: Read to the bottom of page 86. What do you think is the significance of the letter Arthur
reads? How does it build tension for the audience?
p.87-98
1) Why do you think Sir. Robert responds ‘violently’ to Arthur’s decision to put a stop to the case. How
does this suggest he views the case?
2) Read Catherine’s speech at the bottom of page 87. What does Colonel Whaterstone say in his letter?
3) Read the bottom pf page 88. What is Catherine’s reaction to Colonel Whaterstone’s letter but what
might she really feel? Use quotation to support your answer.
4) How does Sir. Robert tease Catherine on p.89 and what is her reaction?
5) What are John’s concerns about his father’s threat? (p.92-93) Why is he worried about the marriage
going ahead?
6) What is most important to Catherine about the case? (p.94)
7) What pressure is John experiencing at work? (p.95)
8) What important message does Sir. Robert receive on p.97?
9) Why does John walk out on page 98?
Extension: What do you think of John’s behaviour in this section? Do you sympathise with him, or do you
feel he has behaved badly? Write a paragraph and use quotations to support your ideas.
Act 2 Scene 2

1) On page 99, what does Dickie’s telephone conversation suggest about his involvement and attitude towards
the case?

2) Read Grace’s speech at the bottom of page 100 from ‘I don’t know’ to ‘you’ll love it Dickie on page 101.
What impressions do we get of Grace’s character from this? Do you think she is fairly portrayed?

3) At the top of page 102, what does Arthur mean by this ‘ludicrous form of propulsion’?

4) What does Dickie mean when he talks about ‘a bit of a scrap’ and why might this be worrying to a modern
day audience? How is this comment typical of Dickie’s character?

5) What does Grace says on page 104 that indicates how seriously ill Arthur is?

6) On page 106, what does the Post Mistress say that worries Catherine?

7) On page 107, why do you think John turned up at the court?

8) Read Catherine’s comments about Sir. Robert at the bottom of page 108-‘I won’t say that’ on page 109. Why
does she think Sir. Robert is behaving dramatically in court?

9) Read pages 110-112. How far do you sympathise with Desmond? Do you think Catherine should consider his
proposal? Write a short paragraph explaining your ideas supported by quotations.

10) What do we learn Sir. Robert has sacrificed in order to continue with the case, at the bottom of page 113?

11) Why does Catherine call herself ‘an utter fool’ on page 114?

12) Read page 115 from ‘Seriously, I shall have to think it over’ to ‘Yes. He was very apologetic’ on page 116.
How has Catherine changed in this act to the previous one? What impact has the case had on her?

13) What is the dramatic effect of Violet delivering the news of the successful verdict on page 118?

14) Why do you think Catherine breaks down crying on page 120?

15) Why does Sir. Robert say ‘the robes of that office would not have suited me’ on page 123?

16) What does Sir. Robert mean when he says on page 124 ‘Very well! If you choose to endow an unimportant
incident with a romantic significance, you are perfectly at liberty to do so’?. Why do you think he reacts like
this?

17) On page 125, what do you think Sir. Robert means about the difference between justice and right?

18) What is the significance of Catherine’s final line ‘Yes, Sir. Robert. One day. But not in the gallery. Across the
floor.’ On page 126?

Extension: How far do you feel this is an effective ending to the play? Write a short paragraph explaining
your ideas using quotation from the text