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    The Wallace Braveheart: Uilleam Uallas William Le Waleys

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    Erika Calistro
    William Wallace was a Scottish knight who led the Scots during the First War of Scottish Independence in the late 13th century. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. He was then appointed Guardian of Scotland but was defeated at the Battle of Falkirk the following year. In 1305, Wallace was captured and handed over to the English king Edward I, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for treason. Since his death, Wallace has become a iconic symbol of Scottish independence.

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    The Wallace Braveheart: Uilleam Uallas William Le Waleys

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    Erika Calistro
    18 views2 pages
    William Wallace was a Scottish knight who led the Scots during the First War of Scottish Independence in the late 13th century. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. He was then appointed Guardian of Scotland but was defeated at the Battle of Falkirk the following year. In 1305, Wallace was captured and handed over to the English king Edward I, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for treason. Since his death, Wallace has become a iconic symbol of Scottish independence.

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    William Wallace was a Scottish knight who led the Scots during the First War of Scottish Independence in the late 13th century. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. He was then appointed Guardian of Scotland but was defeated at the Battle of Falkirk the following year. In 1305, Wallace was captured and handed over to the English king Edward I, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for treason. Since his death, Wallace has become a iconic symbol of Scottish independence.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    18 views2 pages

    The Wallace Braveheart: Uilleam Uallas William Le Waleys

    Uploaded by

    Erika Calistro
    William Wallace was a Scottish knight who led the Scots during the First War of Scottish Independence in the late 13th century. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. He was then appointed Guardian of Scotland but was defeated at the Battle of Falkirk the following year. In 1305, Wallace was captured and handed over to the English king Edward I, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for treason. Since his death, Wallace has become a iconic symbol of Scottish independence.

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    Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas, pronounced [ˈɯʎam ˈuəl̪ˠəs̪ ]; Norman

    French: William le Waleys;[2] born c. 1270, died 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who
    became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence.[3]

    Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army at the Battle of Stirling
    Bridge in September 1297. He was appointed Guardian of Scotland and served until his
    defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in July 1298. In August 1305, Wallace was captured
    in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had
    him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians.
    Since his death, Wallace has obtained an iconic status far beyond his homeland. He is
    the protagonist of Blind Harry's 15th-century epic poem The Wallace and the subject of
    literary works by Sir Walter Scott and Jane Porter, and of the Academy Award-winning
    film Braveheart. He was first cousin to Roger de Kirkpatrick. Roger himself was a third
    cousin to Robert the Bruce.
    William Wallace was a member of the lesser nobility, but little is definitely known of his
    family history or even his parentage. Blind Harry's late-15th-century poem gives his
    father as Sir Malcolm of Elderslie; however William's own seal, found on a letter sent to
    the Hanse city of Lübeck in 1297,[4] gives his father's name as Alan Wallace.[5][6] This
    Alan Wallace may be the same as the one listed in the 1296 Ragman Rolls as a crown
    tenant in Ayrshire, but there is no additional confirmation.[7] Blind Harry's assertion that
    William was the son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie has given rise to a tradition that
    William's birthplace was at Elderslie in Renfrewshire, and this is still the view of some
    historians,[8]including the historical William Wallace Society itself.[9] However, William's
    seal has given rise to a counter claim of Ellerslie in Ayrshire. There is no contemporary
    evidence linking him with either location, although both areas had connections with the
    wider Wallace family.[10] Records show early members of the family as holding estates
    at Riccarton, Tarbolton, and Auchincruive in Kyle, and Stenton in East Lothian.[11] They
    were vassals of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland as their lands fell within his
    territory. Wallace's brothers Malcolm and John are known from other sources. [12]
    The origins of the Wallace surname and its association with southwest Scotland are also
    far from certain, other than the name's being derived from the Old
    English wylisc(pronounced "wullish"), meaning "foreigner" or "Welshman". It is possible
    that all the Wallaces in the Clyde area were medieval immigrants from Wales, but as the
    term was also used for local Cumbric-speaking Strathclyde Welsh, it seems equally
    likely that the surname refers to people who were seen as being "Welsh" due to
    their Cumbric language.[citation needed]
    When Wallace was growing up, King Alexander III ruled Scotland. His reign had seen a
    period of peace and economic stability. On 19 March 1286, however, Alexander died
    after falling from his horse.
    The heir to the throne was Alexander's granddaughter, Margaret, Maid of Norway. As
    she was still a child and in Norway, the Scottish lords set up a government of guardians.
    Margaret fell ill on the voyage to Scotland and died in Orkney on 26 September 1290.
    The lack of a clear heir led to a period known as the "Great Cause", with several
    families laying claim to the throne.
    With Scotland threatening to descend into civil war, King Edward I of England was
    invited in by the Scottish nobility to arbitrate. Before the process could begin, he insisted
    that all of the contenders recognise him as Lord Paramount of Scotland. In early
    November 1292, at a great feudal court held in the castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed,
    judgment was given in favour of John Balliol having the strongest claim in law.
    Edward proceeded to reverse the rulings of the Scottish Lords and even summoned
    King John Balliol to stand before the English court as a common plaintiff. John was a
    weak king, known as "Toom Tabard" or "Empty Coat". John renounced his homage in
    March 1296 and by the end of the month Edward stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed,
    sacking the then-Scottish border town. In April, the Scots were defeated at the Battle of
    Dunbar in East Lothian and by July, Edward had forced John to abdicate. Edward then
    instructed his officers to receive formal homage from some 1,800 Scottish nobles (many
    of the rest being prisoners of war at that time).

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