MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The Summer solstice happens in the Northern Hemisphere wherein the solar says fall
directly on the?
A. Tropic of Cancer
B. Tropic of Capricorn
C. Arctic Circle
D. Antarctic Circle
E. None of the above

2. Metabolic rates increased ____ quickly in the tropics and north temperate zones, and
____ in the Arctic.
A. less and most
B. most and less
C. most and most
D. less and less
E. none of the above

3. The following are the ecological and physiological impacts of increase in metabolism,
except:
Increased need for food, increased vulnerability to starvation, reduced energy allocation for
reproduction, increased rate of evaporative water loss and altered rate of birth and
death
A. Increased rate of evaporative water loss
B. Increased need for food
C. Altered rate of birth and death
D. Increased vulnerability to starvation
E. All are ecological and physiological impacts of increase in metabolism

4. The vernal equinox happens approximately on what month and date?

A. September 22
B. June 22
C. March 21
D. May 21
E. None of the above

5. The autumnal equinox happens approximately on what month and date?

A. December 22
B. June 22
C. March 21
D. September 22
E. None of the above
6. What is the net radiation of the Earth?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

7. What is the deflection in the pattern of the air flow?

A. Northeast trade winds
B. Southeast trade winds
C. Westeast trade winds
D. Coriolis effect

8. What is the key determinant of survival and reproductive success?

A. Timing of arrival on breeding territories
B. Migratory behavior
C. Over wintering grounds
D. A & C
E. B&C

9. The descending air that forms a semi-permanent high-pressure belt at the surface that
encircles the Earth is
A. Subtropical high
B. Subtropical low
C. Gyres

10. The species that showed a significant greater shift toward earlier breeding are
A. Birds
B. Butterflies
C. Amphibians
D. Fishes

11. Camille Parmesan of the University of Texas analyzed distributional changes of what
species?
A. Butterfly
B. Birds
C. Bears
D. Bats
12. Systematic patterns of water movement
A. Tides
B. Currents
C. Waves
D. Gyres

13. Along the equator, trade winds push the warm surface water to which direction?
A. Northward
B. Southward
C. Westward
D. Eastward

14. How many species of seedlings and tress were used to examine the changes in
distribution in eastern United States?
A. 19
B. 54
C. 92
D. 15

15. Who are the scientists that reported that trees in northern forest-tundra boundary region
of Canada experienced acceleration of height growth since 1970s?
A. Anne Kelly and Michael Gaulden
B. Ken Tape and colleagues
C. Camille Parmesan and Lisa Crummett
D. Isabelle Gamache and Serge Payette

16. Vapor pressure is commonly defined in what units?

A. Joules
B. Coulomb
C. Ohms
D. Pascals

17. It is the amount of energy released or absorbed during a change in state.

A. Latent heat
B. Vapor pressure
C. Temperature
D. Relative humidity

18. Successful reproduction is achieved by synchronizing offspring production to..

A. Geographic location
B. Migration
 C. Peak of resource availability
D. Increase in population

19. This factor altered species interactions.

A. Temperature
B. Climate change
C. Phenology
D. Resource peak

20. Changes in environmental cues results to what event?

A. Increase in population
B. Mismatch in the breeding season and plant growth
C. Slower development of species
D. Improved species interaction

21. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is characterized by high amounts of

A. Dry air masses
B. Precipitation
C. Vapor pressure
D. Latent heat

22. As the saturation vapor pressure rises, it causes arid conditions and has caused the
formation of
A. Oceans
B. Rainforests
C. Tundras
D. Deserts

23. At what time/s during the year is the sun directly over the geographical equator
A. Summer
B. Summer and Fall
C. Spring and Fall
D. Winter and Spring

24. Water evaporates more readily from the _____ surface

A. Soil’s
B. Desert’s
C. Water’s
D. Vegetation’s

25. This type of ecosystem showed the best examples of shifts in community structure due to
climate change
 A. Marine
B. Forest
C. Freshwater
D. Desert

26. It is the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of a
substance by 1° C.
A. Conduction
B. Radiation
C. Specific Heat
D. Heat Transfer

27. A measure of the difference between continental and marine climates characterized by
the increased range of temperatures that occurs over land compared with water
A. Climate change
B. Continentality
C. Maritime effect
D. Proximity

28. An abiotic factor relating to the physical or chemical composition of the soil found in a
particular area.
A. Edaphic factor
B. Adaphic factor
C. Climatic factor
D. Solar factor

29. It is the formation of organic material from inorganic compounds minus the respiratory
losses of the photosynthetic organisms.
A. Net Primary Production
B. Secondary Production
C. Vegetation
D. Biomass

30. A climate strongly influenced by an oceanic environment, found on islands and the
windward shores of continents.
A. Maritime results
B. Maritime product
C. Maritime influence
D. All of the above

31. Which of the following is the major component of greenhouse gases?

A. Nitrous Oxide
 B. Water Vapor
C. Hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons
D. Ozone

32. General Circulation Models can foretell adverse effects such as

A. Change in climate
B. Frequency of storms
C. Greater snowfall
D. All of the above

33. Which of the following contributes to the patterns of precipitation?

A. Solar radiation
B. Gravitational force
C. Mountains
D. Weather reports

34. What is a rain shadow?

A. Cast of shadow that appears during precipitation
B. A phenomenon wherein the windward side of the mountain supports less
vigorous amount of vegetation and associated animals
C. The predicted movement map of storms/hurricanes
D. A phenomenon wherein the windward side of the mountain supports more
vigorous amount of vegetation and associated animals

35. What part of the earth wherein climate change will be more noticeable?
A. High latitudes
B. Africa
C. Equator
D. Australia

36. The tilt of the Earth’s axis vaies from

A. 23.5 – 24.5
B. 22.1-24.5
C. 22.5-24.6
D. 23.1-24.6

37. Summer solstice occurs in the month of ______ in the _______

A. December, Southern hemisphere
B. June, Southern hemisphere
C. June, Northern hemisphere
D. March, Northern hemisphere

38. Which of the following is not a factor that causes current?

 A. Wind
B. Water
C. Temperature
D. None of the above
E. A, B, and C

39. Which of the following is not an effect of climate change

A. development of organisms
B. predation of animals
C. species distribution
D. phenology of plants

40. This is one of the gases that is considered as a major contributor for "green house effect".
And is commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioning unit.
A. Nitrous oxide
B. Chlorodifluoromethane
C. Chlorofluorocarbon
D. Dichloroacetaldehyde

41. Carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean forming

A. Carbion
B. Carboxylic acid
C. Carbonic acid
D. Carbonionic acid

42. The primary factor controlling the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the
surface waters of the ocean is the process of
A. Tropism
B. Diffusion
C. Condensation
D. Pressure

43. The exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and land surface is controlled by two
ecosystem processes : the net uptake of carbon by terrestrial ecosystem and
A. Rise in temperature and pressure
B. Trapping of greenhouse gases
C. Loss of carbon from terrestrial ecosystem in decomposition
D. Exposure of solar radiation
44. Refers to the net production of organic carbon by plants in an ecosystem usually
measured over a period of a year or more.
A. Net Primary Production (NPP)
B. Net Biome Exchange (NBE)
C. Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE)
D. Net Ecosystem Production (NEP)

45. Different exposure to solar radiation at south- and north- facing sites has marked effect
on the amount of  and.
A. Temperature ; Pressure
B. Aquatic organisms ;Terrestrial organisms
C. Moisture ; Heat
D. Distribution ; Abundance
ANSWER KEY FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE: 43. B
44. B
1. A
45. A
2. B
3. E
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. D
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. C
15. D
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. B
20. B
21. B
22. D
23. C
24. C
25. A
26. C
27. B
28. A
29. A
30. C
31. B
32. D
33. C
34. D
35. A
36. B
37. C
38. E
39. B
40. C
41. C
42. D
FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. In ectotherms, metabolic activity increases ______ rather

2. than _________ with temperature
3. Arctic and Antarctic circles day length varies from ______ hours over the course of the
year.
4. The mass-specific metabolic rate tends to _______
5. with __________ in body size
6. Earth spins on its axis from _______________ to east.
7. The cooled, heavier air then flows toward the _______________ zone of the equator.
8. Energy flows from regions of _______________ concentrations.
9. Air heated at the equatorial region rises to the top of the _______________.
10. One of the two currents flowing over the surface that moves northward toward the
pole, diverted to the right by the Coriolis effect to become the prevailing
_______________.
11. At saturation vapor pressure, the relative humidity is _________ percent.
12. Vapor pressure is defined in units of _________.
13. The air is saturated when the evaporation rate equals the _________.
14. Energy is _____ when going from a more ordered state to a less ordered state.
15. Recent warning in the Arctic has altered the interaction between _______ and _______.
16. Recent changes in _________ have resulted in shifts in geographic ranges of species and
the nature of species interaction.
17. The researchers found that __________ caused changes in the local communities as a
result of both species extinctions and latitudinal range shifts.
18. When the _______ is reached, clouds form, precipitation falls as rain.
19. Cold temperatures and associated low saturation vapor pressure function to ______
precipitation.
20. The Intertropical Convergence Zone tends to migrate toward regions of globe with the
______ surface temperature.
21. Land surfaces heat & cool more rapidly than ________ resulting to differences on its
specific heat.
22. The specific heat of water is much _______ than that of air or land.
23. As air masses move inland from the coast, water vapor ______ from the atmosphere
through precipitation is not recharged as readily as it is over the open waters of the
ocean
24. Changes in ______ have not been distributed equally across Earth’s surface
25. Satellite- based measures of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) can be
used to ______ terrestrial NPP over large land areas.
26. __________ are complex computer models of Earth’s climate system which helps
determine how strong increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases may influence
patterns of global climate.
27. Aside from carbon dioxide, other significant components of the total greenhouse
emissions include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs), nitrous oxide (N2O) and __________.
28. The rate of decline in temperature with altitude is called the _______.
29. The relationship between elevation and ________ is the most obvious example of how
_________ influences local and regional patterns of climate.
30.
31. Most of the longwave radiation emitted by Earth’s surface is absorbed by
____________________ and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
32. Good absorbers of longwave radiation are known as _________________
33. ____________________ is the transfer of heat through the circulation of fluids
34. Aside from the carbon, the other components that contribute to greenhouse gas
emissions include __________________
35. and ___________________
ANSWER KEY FOR FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Exponentially
2. Linearly
3. 0 to 24
4. Decrease
5. Increase
6. West
7. Low pressure
8. Higher
9. Troposphere
10. Westerlies
11. 100
12. Pascals/pa
13. Condensation rate
14. Absorbed
15. Red fox, arctic fox
16. Global climate
17. Regional warming
18. Dew point
19. Restrict
20. Warmest
21. Water
22. Higher
23. Lost
24. Temperature
25. Estimate
26. Ans general circulation (gcms)
27. Ans methane (ch4)
28. Ans lapse rate
29. Ans temperature
30. Topography/mountainous topography
31. Water vapor
32. Greenhouse gases
33. Convection
34. Methane/ch4
35. Chlorofluorocarbons/cfcs
TRUE OR FALSE

1. During the winter solstice, light is intercepted at the tropic of Cancer the most, and
daytime is the longest in the northern hemisphere and shortest on the southern
hemisphere.
2. The seasonality of factors affecting weather increase from the equator to the poles.
3. Tropical species are more tolerant to heat than temperate species.
4. Endotherms are more vulnerable to climate warming.
5. Tropical ectotherms are more threatened by climate change than species from mid-
latitudes.
6. Processes and activities such as migratory behavior, termination of dormancy, and the
onset of reproductive activity are related to seasonal changes in climate conditions.
7. During winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the ITCZ is shifted into the southern latitudes.
8. The resulting convergence of winds from the North and South in the region of the equator
is equatorial low.
9. Air masses and all moving objects in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to the right
(clockwise motion).
10. Air masses and all moving objects in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to the left
(counterclockwise motion).
11. Climate has an influence on the distribution of species
12. The two species studied for latitudinal distribution are L. digitalis and L. Austrodigitalis
13. Gyres function to redistribute heat from the tropics northward and southward poles.
14. As the water moves farther from the equator, the water cools.
15. Coriolis Force refers to the movement of the northern hemisphere and the southern
Hemisphere
16. Saturation vapor pressure is the same as water vapor capacity of air.
17. Energy is released while going from a more ordered state to a less ordered state.
18. Ocean currents play a crucial role in the exchange of water between the atmosphere and
the Earth’s surface.
19. Climate change does not influence interactions among species within ecological
communities.
20. Food resources have a direct impact on the population dynamics of species.
21. Regional warming cannot cause species extinction.
22. Precipitation is highest in the region of the equator.
23. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a fixed region in the globe.
24. Global patterns are recurring characteristics in climate.
25. Climate and weather are interchangeable to one another.
26. Land areas farther from the coast experience a greater seasonal variation than those in
coastal areas.
27. The specific heat of water is much lower than that of air or land.
28. Ocean currents minimize seasonal variations in the surface temperature of the water.
29. Climate has a direct influence on the key ecosystem processes of net primary productivity
(NPP) and decomposition.
30. The interior of continents generally experiences much precipitation than the coastal
regions do.
31. General Circulation Models predict that an increase in global average temperature
corresponds to a decrease in global temperature.
32. Topography influences regional patterns but not local patterns of precipitation.
33. Mountains intercept air flow.
34. Carbon Dioxide is the only greenhouse gas increasing because of human activities.
35. Nitrous Oxide is a greenhouse gas.
36. Diffusion is not a factor on controlling the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere
and surface water of ocean
37. Most of the organisms match the general climate profile of the larger region that
surrounds them.
38. The exchange of the carbon between the atmosphere and land surface is controlled by
diffusion
39. To understand the effect of rising co2 emission we have to examine the carbon cycle
linking the atmosphere and the biosphere only.
40. Human activities have no effect on the microclimates.
ANSWER KEY FOR TRUE OR FALSE:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. True
10. True
11. True
12. True
13. True
14. True
15. True
16. True
17. False
18. False
19. False
20. True
21. False
22. True
23. False
24. True
25. False
26. True
27. False
28. True
29. True
30. False
31. False
32. False
33. True
34. False
35. True
36. False
37. False
38. False
39. False
40. False

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE:

1. L. Austrodigitalis has lower thermal tolerance L. digitalis. L. digitalis has higher thermal
tolerance than L. austrodigitalis.
2. With each gyre the ocean current moves counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere.
While clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
3. Warming has resulted a shift in species distribution. The shift resulted in poleward in
latitude and upward in elevation.
4. The southern range limit of the northern species is contracting Northward. While the
northern range limit of the southern species is expanding northward.
5. Lisa Crummett and Douglas Eernisse of Duke University studied the distribution patterns
of L. Austrodigitalis and L. digitalis. Kai Zhu, Christopher woodall and James Clark of
California State University studied the seedlings and trees distribution.
6. The Earth's tilt may vary from 22.1° to 25°. The Earth's tilt gives rise to the seasons.
7. The Earth has been observed to have warmed 0.74° C in the past century. It's climate
has distributed it's warmth equally on the earth's surface.
8. Climate change cannot affect populations in an evolutionary level over geological time.
The warming in the Arctic causes higher sea levels.
9. Higher Climate Temperatures affect the metabolic rates of endothermal species.
Endothermal species are “conformers”.
10. Phenology tracks the changes of animal and plant behaviour through the seasons. The
most extensive data comes from animals.
11. Diffusion is a factor on controlling the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and
surface water of ocean. The exchange of the carbon between the atmosphere and land
surface is also controlled by diffusion.
12. Most of the organisms match the general climate profile of the larger region that
surrounds them. Microclimate is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from
those in the surrounding areas.
13. To understand the effect of rising co2 emission we have to examine the carbon cycle
linking the atmosphere and the biosphere only. Carbon cycle is all about the exchange
of carbon and oxygen in the atmosphere.
14. Human activities have no effect on the microclimates. Changes on microclimate have no
impact in the lifestyle of the organisms.
15. Microclimatic extremes can also occur in the depression on the ground. Microclimate
determines the distribution and activities of organisms in a particular region .
ANSWER KEY FOR MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE:

A- both are true

B- both are false
C- first is true
D- second is true
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. A