DRUG REVIEW

DRUG REVIEW
INTRODUCTION:
The term drug is derived from a french word “drogue” meaning a dry herb or
product that is used to modify or explore the physiological system or pathological
status for the benefit of the recipient. The world oldest available written literature i.e.
veda glorify the drug by giving in the status of bramha.The drug defined by ayurveda
as the seat of rasa,guna ,veerya,vipaka,karma and prabhaba.It is one of the vital part
among chikitsa chatuspada and trisutra ayurveda .

Ayurvedic literature speaks about the importance of the drug as "nothing in the
world exists which does not have therapeutic utility". For which Charak said..
अनेनोपदेशेन नानौषधिभूतं जगधत किंधिद् द्रव्यमुपलभ्यते तां तां
युधिमर्थ ि तं तमधभप्रेत्य । (ि. िी. 12/26)
Taking this fact into consideration, ayurvedic physicians have formulated
single as well as compound drugs for the cure as well as prevention of various
ailments.

SELECTION OF DRUGS :
So many preparations have been mentioned in our texts for the treatment of
raktapradara or pradara. All the preparation have certain common fundamental
principles. Those are pittakapha shamaka , rakta shodhaka and stambhaka, garbhasaya
balya, & vatanulomaka.Keeping in mind to samprapti vighatana effective control and
cure of raktapradara , the drug “Dhatryadi churna” has been taken as trail drug,which
is described in Rasendrasara sangraha and Bhaisajya ratnabali.Standard control drug
Desogesterol-0.15mg + ethinyl oestradiol 20µ gram has been taken for presence study.
1.TRIAL DRUG
Dhatryadi Churna
Table No.2.1 : Showing the ingredients of Dhatryadi Churna
Sl . No. Name of the drug Botanical name Part Part use
1. Dhatri Emblica officinalis 1 Phala maja
2. Pathya Terminalia chebula 1 Phala maja
3. Rasanjana Berbaris aristata 1 Stem (Prepared
Rasanjana)

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PREPATION OF DHATRYADI CHURNA

Table No.2.2 : Showing quantity for preparation of drugs :
Sl No. Name of the drug Quantity
1. Dhatri (Amalaki) 5.5 kg
2. Pathya (Haritaki) 5.5 kg
3. Rasanjana (Darvi kwatha) 5.5 kg

METHOD OF PREPARATION
First of all the drugs were separatelycleaned by removing foreign particles.
PRADHANA KARMA
 Seeds of Amalaki and haritaki were been separated and made into yavakuta
by the help of disintegrator machine
 Making the Yavakuta into fine powder by the pulverization machine.
 Both amalaki and haritaki churna were mixed properly.
 Rasanjana was malted with luke warm water and filtered by mosquito net .
 Malted rasanjan was put inside a iron container and kept in mrudu agni until it
became semi liquid form .
 When the rasanjana was became semi liquid both the amalaki and haritaki
churna added and mixed thoroughly.
 After swangaseeta the mixture became into solid form.
 The solid form mixture was made into powder by the grinder.
 Fine powder was Packed an amount of 180 grams in air tight container.

AMALAKI
Sanskrit name : Dhatri
Latin Name : Emblica officinalis
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Classical Names : Amalaki, Vayasya, Vrishya, Dhatriphala,
Amritaphala, Amalaka, Tishyaphala.
English Names : Emblic myrobalan, Indian gooseberry
Hindi Names : Amalaki, Amalak, Amvala, Aonla, Amla
Odia Name: Anla

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Parts Used : Root Bark, Stem Bark, Leaf, Fruit, Seed

Gana : C.S. : Vayasthapana, Virechanopaga
S.S. : Triphala, Parushakadi
B.P. : Haritakyadi Varga
D.N. : Guduchyadi Varga
K.N. : Aushadhi Varga
Rasa Panchaka : Rasa : Amla, Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta, Katu
Guna : Guru, Ruksha, Sheeta
Virya : Sheeta
Vipaka : Madhura
Doshaghnata : Tridoshashamaka especially pittashamaka

Chemical Composition :
 Indole acetic acid and four other auxins : a1, a3, a4 and a5 detected in
immature fruit; two growth inhibitors - R1 & R2 also detected in fruit
(NewPhytol. 1981, 88, 53; Chem. Abstr. 1981, 95, 147283q) (C.I.M.P.,
Rastogi, R.P. & Mehrotra, B. N.; Vol. III, PP. 263)

 A good source of Vit.C, carotene, nicotinic acid, riboflavine, D -

glucose, D -fructose, myoinositol and a pectin with D - galacturonic acid, D
arabinosyl, D- xylosyl, L - rhamnosyl, D - glucosyl, D - mannosyl and D-
galactosylresidues. (Database)

 Amalaki is highly nutritious and could be an important dietary source

of Vit. C,minerals and aminoacids. The edible fruit tissue contains protein
concentration3 fold than those of apples. The fruit also contains considerably
higher concentration of most minerals and amino acids than apples. The major
aminoacids present are: alanine, 5.4; aspartic acid, 8.1; glutamic acid, 29.6;
lysine,5.3; and proline, 14.6%.Analysis of fresh fruit pulp gave, moisture,
81.2; protein 0.5; fat 0.1;carbohydrates 14.1, fibre, 3.4; minerals, 0.7; Ca.,
0.05; P., 0.02%; iron, 1.2;niacin, 0.2; Vitamin-C, 600 mg/100g. Aonla fruit ash
contains chromium 2.5;zinc 4; copper 3 mg/g [W.I. (A dictionary of Indian
Raw Materials andIndustrial Products). First supplement series (Raw
Materials) Vol. 3: D-I)]

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 A tannin containing gallic acid, ellagic acid and glucose in its molecule
and naturally present in the fruit prevents or retards the oxidation of the
vitamin andrenders the fruits a valuable antiscorbutic in the fresh as well as in
dry condition. (Ramaswamy, Minor forest Products, Mysore, 1945, 55;
Damodaran & Nair, Biochem J., 1936, 30, 1014; Giri, Indian J. Med. Exp.
Med., 1942, 2,

Rogaghnata : Mutrakricchra, Mutravarodha, Shotha, Garbhashayadaurbalya,

Paittikavikara, Daha, Daurbalya, Aruchi, Vibandha, Krimi.

Karma : Mutrala, Garbhasthapana, Rasayana,Dahaprashamana, Nadibalya, Balya,

Rochana, Deepana, Anulomana, Krimighna, Vayasthapana
Action and Uses :
The fruits are diuretic, astringent, cooling, carminative, digestive,
stomachic,laxative, tonic. Useful in strangury, dyspepsia, flatulence, inflammations,
anaemia, emaciation.

Therapeutic Evaluation :
It is used in worms, acidity, inflammation of lungs and eyes, ulcerations,
gastro intestinal disorders and discharges, painful micturition and internal
haemorrhages. (I.M.P., Kirtikar and Basu, Vol. IV)
A paste of the fruit alone or with Nelumbium speciosum, saffron and rose
water is a useful application over the pubic region in irritability of the bladder,
retention of urine.
A sherbet prepared from the fresh fruit with or without raisins and honey is a
favourite cooling drink which has a diuretic effect. A decoction made by boiling 4
drachms each of the powder of emblic and chebulic myrobalans and one drachm of
rhubarb powder in a pint of water is a laxative as well as diuretic, given in 2 ounce
doses to sick people (I.M.M., K.M. Nadkarni, Vol. II, 1982)
A sherbet of the fruit, sweetened, is a favourite cooling drink for sick people, it
is said to be diuretic. (P.I., William Dymock, Vol. III, PP. 261-264).
Vit-C present in amalaki, acts as a diuretic, it also possesses bactericidal and
bacteriostatic power. (The Vitamins in Medicine by Franklin Bicknell and
Fredrick Prescott, Second Edi., William Heinmann Medical Books Ltd., 1947)

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The fruits are anabolic, antibacterial and resistance building. They possess
expectorant, cardiotonic, antipyretic, anti oxidative, anti viral and anti emetic
properties.
It exerts a wide range of effects on metal ions both during their absorption
from the diet as well as during their metabolism and distribution between different
organs of the body. The fruits are reported to activate trypsin activity (W.I., Vol. III,
D-I,PP. 76-78)
Pharmacological Activity :
Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, Anti inflammatory,
Immunomodulatory, Antiulcer, Spasmolytic, Anti atherosclerotic.

HARITAKI
Sanskrit Name : Pathya
Latin Name : Terminalia chebula .
Family : Combretaceae
Classical Names : Haritaki, Abhaya, Pathya, Kayastha,
Putana,Haimvati,Avyatha, Chetaki, Shiva, Vayastha,Rohini.
English Names : Chebulic Myrobalan
Hindi Names : Hara, Harara, Harad, Harre, Sanghi-har, Halehar,Pile-har.
Odia Name : Harida
Part Used : Fruit
Gana :
C.S. : Prajasthapana, Jwaraghna,
Kushthaghna, Kasaghna, Arshoghna.
S.S. : Triphla, Amlakyadi, Parushakadi
B.P. : Haritakyadi Varga
D.N. : Guduchyadi Varga
K. N. : Aushadhi Varga
Rasa Panchaka : Rasa : Kashaya, Tikta, Madhura, Katu,Amla
Guna : Laghu, Ruksha
Veerya : Ushna
Vipaka : Madhura
Doshaghnata : Tridoshashamaka & especially Vatashamaka
Chemical Composition :

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 A tannin - terchebin from fruit (Ann. Chem. 1967, 706, 169) (C.I.M.P.,Vol. I,
PP. 406)
 Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic and behenic acids isolated from fruit
kernels. (J.Inst. Chemists, Calcutta, 1974, 46, 189; Chem. Abstr. 1975, 83,
120717z) (C.I.M.P., Rastogi,R. P. & Mehrotra B. N., Vol. II, PP. 671)
 Gallic Acid (1.21%) from fruits (Indian J. Nat. Prod. 1986, 2(2), 10;
Chem.Abstr. 1987, 107,74259r) (C.I.M.P., Rastogi R. P. & Mehrotra, B. N.,
Vol. IV, PP. 719)
 Isolation of shikimic, gallic, triacontanoic and palmitic acids, - sitosterol,
daucosterol, triethyl ester of chebulic acid and ethyl ester of gallic acid from
fruits (Shanghai Yike Daxue Xuebao 1991, 18, 233; Chem. Abstr. 1992, 116,
55517t)
 A new triterpene - chebupentol - isolated from fruits and its structure
determined; arjungenin,terminoic acid and arjunolic acid also isolated (Zhiwu
Xuebao 1992, 34, 126; Chem. Abstr.1992, 117, 1081290n)
 Antioxidant constituents of plant, phloroglucinol and pyrogallol, isolated along
with ferulicvallinic, p - coumaric and caffeic acids (Han'gu
Nonghwa Hakhoe Chi 1993, 36, 239; Chem.Abstr. 1994, 120, 50146u)
(C.I.M.P. Rastogi, R. P. & Mehrotra, B. N., Vol. V, PP. 841)
Rogaghnata : Mutrakricchra, Mutraghata, Shotha,Shothavendanayukta vikara, Krimi,
Shoola,Vibandha, Nadidaurbalya, Vatavyadhi,Garbhashayadaurbalya.
Karma : Mutrala, Shothahara, Vedanasthapana,Srotahshodhana, Krimighna,
Nadibalya,Garbhashayashothahara, Prajasthapana,Vayasthapana, Rasayana, Vrishya.
Action and Uses :
Diuretic, antiinflammatory, astringent, sweet, acrid, bitter, sour, thermogenic,
digestive, antiseptic, tonic.Useful in urinary disorders, inflammations, anorexia,
indigestion, flatulence,anaemia, general debility.
Therapeutic Evaluation :
 Used in fever, cough, asthma, urinary diseases, piles, worms, rheumatism
andscorpion sting. (I.M.M., Dr. K. M. Nadkarni, Vol. I, 1982)
 Biological activity: L.D. 50 of chebulin was 550 mg/kg in mice. It
exhibitedantispasmodic action on smooth muscle, similar to that of papaverine
(J. Sci.Ind. Res. 1962, 21C, 345) (C.I.M.P., Rastogi, R. P. & Mehrotra, B. N.,
Vol.1,PP. 406).

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 Ether extract showed higher anti oxidant activity than BHA & BHT. Acid
esters present in phenolic fraction of extract were found most effective.(Han'guk
Nonghwa Hakhoe Chi. 1993, 36, 203; Chem. Abstr. 1993, 119,269367e) [C.I.M.P.,
Rastogi, R. P. & Mehrotra, B. N., Vol. V, PP. 841]
 In fevers, cough, asthma, urinary diseases, piles, eye affections, worm,
rheumatism, atonic dyspepsia, chronic diarrhoea, vomitting, dysentery
flatulence, colic, enlarged spleen and liver. Externally apthae, chronic ulcerations,
burns, scalds and other skin diseases, bleeding piles and some
vaginal discharges (I.M.P., Kirtikar and Basu, Vol. IV, PP. 1020)
Pharmacological Activities :
Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antispasmodic, Antistress, Indurance
promoting activity, Hypotensive, Anthelmintic.

DARVI, RASANJANA
Latin name : Berberis aristata
Family : Berberidaceae
Synonyms : Pitadru, peeta, kaliyaka, parjanya
Part used : Bark
Rasapanchaka :
Rasa : tikta, kashaya (darvi)Katu (rasanjana)
Guna : laghu, ruksha
Virya : ushna
Vipaka : katu
Doshaghnata : kapha–pittashamaka
Karma :
Shothahara, vedanasthapana, vranashodhana and ropana, deepana, Raktashodhaka,
trishananigraha, raktastambhana (rasanjana) ,Yakriduttejaka, pittasaraka, grahi
Rogaghnata :
Shotha, netrabhishyanda, karnashoola, mukharoga, kantharoga,Phiranga,pradara,
vrana, agnimandya, pravahika, aruchi, yakridvikara,Twakroga³, raktarsh, raktapradara,
raktapitta, trishna, jwara,Daurbalya.
Chemical constituents :
Berberine, oxyberberine, berbamine, aromoline, karachine,Palmatine, oxycanthine,
taxilamine.

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Pharmacological activities :
Hypoglycemic, anti-cancer, anti-coagulant, antipyretic, antibacterial,Anti-tumour,
anti-inflammatory, cns depressant, antifatigue,Local anesthetic, anti t.b., astringent
 Berberine from rasaunt (berberis aristata) produced dose dependent
Inhibition againt 5-ht induced contraction of uterus.5
 Daruharidra due to its quaternary and non-quaternary alkaloids, Exerts potent
anti-microbial activity against sixteen types of micro organisms viz. Gram+ve,
gram-ve bacteria, candida & protozoal species. It is found to decrease the
capillary permeability, thus checks excessive Discharges from genital system.
 Daruharidra exerted protection against free radicals induced lipid Peroxidation,
thus checking inflammatory diseases associated with membrane damage &
tissue injury.
 Rasanjana significantly exerts anti-inflammatory activity on acute,Sub-acute
and chronic types of inflammation produced by immunological and non-
immunological methods.

Table No.2.3 Pharmacodynamic properties of ‘Dhatryadi churna' drugs

Name of drug Rasa Guna Veerya Vipaka Action on dosa
AMALAKI Amla,Madhura, Guru, Sheeta Madhura Tridoshashamaka
Kashaya,Tikta,k Ruksha & Especially
atu , Pittashamakamaka
Sheeta
HARITAKI Kashaya, Tikta, Laghu, Ushna Madhura Tridoshasham &
Madhura, Katu, Ruksha Especially
Amla Vatashamaka

RASANJANA Tikta, kashaya Laghu, Ushna Katu Kapha–

(Darvi) ruksha Pittashamaka
Katu(Rasanjana) Raktastambhaka

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1. AMALAKI

2.HARITAKI

3. RASANJANA

TRIAL DRUG "DHATRYADI CHURNA"

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2. CONTROL DRUG
Tablet - Elogen contain 0.15 mg desogestrel and 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol .
DESOGESTREL
Desogestrel is a synthetic progestogen, similar to the natural progestogen
hormones produced by the body.Desogestrel works mainly by stopping your ovaries
from releasing an egg each month (ovulation).
Common side effects may include:

 Light vaginal bleeding or spotting;

 Nausea (especially when you first start taking this medicine)
 Vomiting, bloating;
 Changes in weight or appetite;
 Breast tenderness or swelling;
 Freckles or darkening of facial skin
 Increased hair growth,
 Loss of scalp hair;
 Headache
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL
Ethinyl estradiol, which is the main constituent of Ethinyl Estradiol is a
synthetic medicine very similar in action to female sex hormone, estrogen, produced
by the ovaries. It is primarily used in combination with other medicine as an oral
contraceptive.
Less serious side effects may include:

 Mild nausea (especially when you first start taking this medicine),
 Vomiting, bloating, stomach cramps;
 Breast tenderness or swelling,
 Freckles or darkening of facial skin,
 Increased hair growth, loss of scalp hair;
 Changes in weight or appetite
Dose
1 Tablet daily for 21 days ( 5th to 25th day) orally
for three consecutive cycle.

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