Gov Acc 2019 JC Abillonar
Gov Acc 2019 JC Abillonar
Gov Acc 2019 JC Abillonar
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING
It encompasses the process of analyzing, recording, classifying, summarizing, and communicating all transactions involving
the receipts and disposition of government funds and property and interpreting the results thereof (Section 109, PD 1445).
PD No. 1445 governs the accounting system in the government.
Objectives:
1. To produce information concerning past and present condition
2. To provide a basis for guidance for future operations
3. To provide for control of the acts of public bodies and officers in the receipt, disposition and utilization of funds
and property
4. To report on the financial position and the results of operation of government agencies for the information of all
persons concerned. (Section 110, PD No. 1445)
Legal Basis
The Government Accounting Manual (GAM) is prescribed by COA pursuant to Article IX-D, Section 2 par. (2) of the 1987
Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines which provides that:
“The Commission on Audit shall have exclusive authority, subject to the limitations in this Article, to define the scope of its
audit and examination, establish the techniques and methods required therefor, and promulgate accounting and auditing
rules and regulations, including those for the prevention and disallowance of irregular, unnecessary, excessive,
extravagant, or unconscionable expenditures, or uses of government funds and properties".
Coverage
This Manual presents the basic accounting policies and principles in accordance with the Philippine Public Sector
Accounting Standards (PPSAS) adopted thru COA Resolution No. 2014-003 dated January 24, 2014 and other pertinent
laws, rules and regulations. It includes the Revised Chart of Accounts (RCA) prescribed under COA Circular No. 2013-002
dated January 30, 2013, as amended; the accounting procedures, books, registries, records, forms, reports, and financial
statements; and illustrative accounting entries. It shall be used by all National Government Agencies (NGAs) in the:
a. preparation of the general purpose financial statements in accordance with the PPSAS and other financial reports
as may be required by laws, rules and regulations; and
b. reporting of budget, revenue and expenditure in accordance with laws, rules and regulations.
b. Ledgers
1. General Ledgers
2. Subsidiary Ledgers
c. Registries
1. Registries of Revenue and Other Receipts
2. Registry of Appropriations and Allotments
3. Registries of Allotments, Obligations and Disbursements (RAOD)
4. Registries of Budget, Utilization and Disbursements (RBUD)
Disbursements
They constitute all cash paid constitute all cash paid out during a given period in currency (cash) or by check/Advice to
Debit the Account (ADA). It may also mean the settlement of government payables/obligations by cash, check or ADA. It
shall be covered by Disbursement Voucher / Petty Cash Voucher (PCV) / Payroll.
a. Modified Disbursement System (MDS) Checks – are checks issued by government agencies chargeable against
the account of the Treasurer of the Philippines, which are maintained with different MDS-Government
Servicing Banks [GSBs] (i.e. LandBank of the Philippines)
b. Commercial Checks – are checks issued by NGAs chargeable against the Agency Checking Account with
GSBs. These shall be covered by income/receipts authorized to be deposited with AGDBs.
2. Cash. Cash disbursements constitute payments out of cash advances granted to the regular and special disbursing
officers for personal services, petty expenses and MOOE for field operating requirements. All cash payments shall
be covered by duly approved DVs/payrolls/petty cash vouchers (PCVs). The cash advances may be granted to the
cashier’s/disbursing officers/officials and employees to cover the following: salaries and wages, travels, special
time-bound undertakings and petty operating expenses.
3. List of Due and Demandable Accounts Payable – Advice to Debit Account (LDDAP – ADA)
An authorization issued by the National Government Agencies/Operating Units appearing in the lower portion of
the List of Due and Demandable Accounts Payable – Advice to Debit Account (LDDAP-ADA). It serves as
instruction to the Modified Disbursement System, Government Servicing Banks (MDS-GSBs) to debit a specified
amount from its available NCA balance under regular MDS sub-account for payment of creditors/payees through
the Expanded Modified Direct Payment Scheme (ExMDPS). The following are excluded from the
implementation of ExMDPs:
a. Payment of Terminal Leave and Retirement Gratuity (TL/RG) benefits which is governed by Republic Act No.
10154 as implemented by CSC Resolution No.1300237 and Budget Circular No. 2013-1;
b. Remittance of social insurance premium contributions to government corporations, such as GSIS,
PHILHEALTH, and HDMF;
c. Payment of Accounts Payable to utility companies, such as: supplier of petroleum, oil and lubricants, water,
illumination and power services, telephone, internet and other communication services; and
d. Other payables which cannot be conveniently nor practicably paid using the ADA.
4. Tax Remittance Advice (TRA). The Tax Remittance Advice (TRA) refers to a serially-numbered document
prescribed by the DBM that should be used by the NGAs in the remittance of withheld taxes on funds coming from
DBM.
5. Foreign-based Government Agencies through Cash Disbursement Ceiling (CDC). It is an authorization issued
by the DBM to DFA and other agencies with foreign posts to utilize their collections retained by their Foreign
Service Posts (FSPs) to cover operating requirements, but not to exceed the released allotment to the said post.
(National Budget Circular No. 535 dated December 29, 2011).
6. Direct Payment Method. This type of disbursement should be covered by a Non-Cash Availment Authority
(NCAA). This mode of disbursement is made through the Journal Entry Voucher (JEV) issued by the Bureau of
Treasury (BTr) to the availing/implementing agency to record payment of goods and services made directly by the
lending institution to the supplier or contractor.
Fund Release Documents. With the adoption of the Unified Account Code Structure (UACS) and Performance Informed
Budgeting (PIB), the following are the fund release documents:
a. Obligational Authority or Allotment – the following are the documents which authorize the entity to incur
obligations:
1. General Appropriations Act Release Document (GAARD) – serves as the obligational authority for the
comprehensive release of budgetary items appropriated in the General Appropriations Act, categorized as For
Comprehensive Release (FCR).
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY & FINANCE
ACCO 4083 – ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & REPORTING
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING MANUAL (GAM) DISCUSSION GUIDE
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2. Special Allotment Release Order (SARO) - covers budgetary items under For Later Release (FLR) (negative
list) in the entity submitted Budget Execution Documents (BEDs), subject to compliance of required
documents/clearances. Releases of allotments for Special Purpose Funds (SPFs) (e.g., Calamity Fund,
Contingent Fund, E-Government Fund, Feasibility Studies Fund, International Commitments Fund,
Miscellaneous Personnel Benefits Fund and Pension and Gratuity Fund) are also covered by SAROs.
3. General Allotment Release Order (GARO) – is a comprehensive authority issued to all national government
agencies, in general, to incur obligations not exceeding an authorized amount during a specified period for the
purpose indicated therein. It covers automatically appropriated expenditures common to most, if not all,
agencies without need of special clearance or approval from competent authority, i.e. Retirement and Life
Insurance Premium.
b. Disbursement Authority – the following documents authorize the entity to pay obligations and payables:
1. Notice of Cash Allocation (NCA) – authority issued by the DBM to central, regional and provincial offices and
operating units to cover the cash requirements of the agencies. The receipt of NCA specifies the maximum
amount of withdrawal that an entity can make from a government bank for the period indicated. The Collecting
Officer shall not issue an OR for the receipt of NCA. The journal entry to recognize the receipt of NCA is:
2. Non-Cash Availment Authority (NCAA) – authority issued by the DBM to agencies to cover the liquidation of
their actual obligations incurred against available allotments for availment of proceeds from loans/grants
through supplier’s credit/constructive cash. The journal entry to recognize the receipt of NCAA is:
3. Cash Disbursement Ceiling (CDC) – authority issued by DBM to the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) to utilize their income collected/retained by their Foreign
Service Posts (FSPs) to cover their operating requirements, but not to exceed the released allotment to the said
post. The journal entry to recognize collections for DFA and DOLE’s books of FSPs with corresponding journal
entry for the deposit of collections to authorized servicing bank:
4. Notice of Transfer of Allocation (NTA) – authority issued by the Central Office to its regional and operating
units to cover the latter’s cash requirements. The NTA shall be the authority of the regional and operating units
to pay their operating expenses, purchases of supplies and materials, acquisition of PPE, accounts payable, and
other authorized disbursements through the issue of MDS checks, ADA or other modes of disbursements. The
journal entry to recognize Notice of Transfer of Allocation from central office to regional and operating units:
4. Receipt of Notice of Cash Allocation (NCA) from DBM: PS – P6,000,000; MOOE – P5,700,000; CO – P6,500,000
Account Title UACS Code Debit Credit
Cash – Modified Disbursement System, Regular 10104040 18,200,000
Subsidy from National Government 40301010 18,200,000
5. Purchased office equipment for P6,580,000 and Office Supplies held for stock for P1,380,000 on account.
*If the purchase of office supplies is directly issued to end-user, it is debited to Office Supplies Expense (50203010) instead
of Office Supplies Inventory.
6. Issuance of Office Supplies to end-user as per Requisition and Issue Slip (RIS).
7. Grant cash advances for Payroll for the month of February 2019: Salaries & Wages – Regular, P5,100,000;
PERA, P550,000 less deductions: Withholding Tax, P510,000; GSIS, P153,000; PAG-IBIG/HDMF, P102,000
and PHILHEALTH, P51,000.
8. Liquidation of payroll.
9. Paid the Accounts Payable for Equipment and Office Supplies, less Tax.
NOTE: When the problem is silent whether the supplier is VATABLE or NON-VATABLE entity, it is a VATABLE
Entity unless the problem states that the supplier is a NON-VATABLE entity.
10. Paid the following less Tax: Janitorial, P1,104,000; Security Agency, P2,760,000; Water, P65,600; Electricity,
P328,000; Telephone - Landline, P56,200.
11. Remittance of employee’s share (No. 6 transaction) plus the following government share:
12. Received constructive receipt of Notice of Cash Allocation for Tax Remittance Advice (TRA).
13. Constructive Remittance to BIR of taxes withheld through Tax Remittance Advice (TRA).
CLASSIFICATION OF ADVANCES
1. Advances to Officers and Employees – for official travels;
2. Advances for Operating Expenses – granted to regular disbursing officer for operating expenses of operating/field
units and foreign post not maintaining complete set of books;
3. Advances for Payroll – for payment of salaries, wages and other personnel benefits; and
4. Advances to Special Disbursing Officer (SDO) – for special purpose/time-bound undertakings.
5. Advances to Contractors – for the payment of mobilization fee.
OTHER TRANSACTIONS:
1. Cash Advances
Last January 09, 2019, Mr. Balaoag granted cash advance worth P40,000 to defray expenses in connection with his official
travel to Singapore, as member of the Philippine Delegation for ASEAN Summit from January 23 – 26, 2019. He submitted
liquidation report worth P35,000 on February 26, 2019.
Deposit for the refund of excess cash advance to the Bureau of Treasury (BTr).
Account Title UACS Code Debit Credit
Cash – Treasury/Agency Deposit, Regular 10104010 P5,000.00
Cash – Collecting Officer 10101010 P5,000.00
2. Construction of PPE
January 20, 2019: Sign a contract for the construction of an office building. Contract price is P10,000,000 exclusive
of VAT, payable in two progress billings. Advance payment to contractor is 15% of the total contract price while
retention fee is 10% of the progress billing.
Posting of Obligation Request and Status (ORS) to the appropriate Registry of Allotments, Obligations and
Disbursements (RAOD) – Capital Outlay (CO)
February 23, 2019: Received the first progress billing from the contractor. 50% completed (net of advances).
Account Title UACS Code Debit Credit
Construction in Progress – Buildings & Other Structures 10610030 P5,600,000
Advances to Contractors 19902010 P1,680,000
Accounts Payable 20101010 3,920,000
[ P10,000,000 * 1.12 * 50% = P5,600,000 ]
March 30, 2019: Received the final progress billing from the contractor
Account Title UACS Code Debit Credit
Construction in Progress – Buildings & Other Structures 10610030 P5,600,000
Accounts Payable 20101010 5,600,000
December 31, 2019: Depreciation of building (assuming the useful life is 20 years)*
Account Title UACS Code Debit Credit
Depreciation – Buildings & Other Structures 50501040-01 P399,000
Accum. Depreciation – Buildings 10604011 P399,000
[ (P11,200,000 * 95%) / 20 * 9/12 = P399,000 ]
Advance payment to DBM – Procurement Service for the purchase of Office Supplies, P100,000
Account Title UACS Code Debit Credit
Due from National Government Agencies (NGAs) 10303010 P100,000
Cash – MDS, Regular 10104040 P100,000
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