INTRODUCTION

Kalyana Lakshmi Scheme or and Shaadi Mubarak is a welfare scheme for providing
financial assistance for marriages by the Government of Telangana, a novel scheme for all
poor people in the state. The scheme gives an assistance of ₹1,00,116, and is aimed at
preventing child marriages and support marriage expense for finanacially distressed families.
By March 2018, the beneficiaries stood at 3,50,000.
The ‘Kalyana Lakshmi’ scheme introduced by the Telangana government offering an
incentive of Rs 75,000 to brides has only reinforced the idea that the ultimate goal of a
woman is to get married, says a study carried out by a child welfare group.

The scheme was introduced with the aim of preventing child marriage.

During its study, the MV Foundation had a meeting with over 600 girls studying in school
and colleges, and everyone unanimously condemned the scheme. Instead, the study titled
‘Voices of married girls in Telangana’ suggests that the budget of Rs 400 crore be allocated
for education.

“Soft schemes like Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao and Kalyana Lakshmi are just tokenism
projects,” said Prof Shanta Sinha, former Chairperson of National Commission for Protection
of Child Rights, who co-authored the study, which was released in Hyderabad on Friday.

While ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ is a campaign by the union government to create
awareness to eradicate female foeticide and promote education of girls, Kalyana Lakshmi
was introduced by the Telangana government for women belonging to the SC/ST community
and those below the poverty line. It was subsequently extended to the BC communities.

The idea behind Kalyana Lakshmi was in light of several parents getting their daughters
married at an early age to avoid paying more dowry. The cash incentive is to ensure that
parents would continue to provide education to girls until they turn 18 and they will not get
her married.

However, these are just soft schemes which really don’t prevent child marriages, Prof Sinha
claimed.

Alleging that the state is complicit in not preventing child marriage, she said, “The state has
an obligation by law to protect girls- whether in preventing her from being pushed out of
school, providing support to stop child marriage, providing her healthcare, food and
nutritional security, saving her from gender discrimination, violence and sexual abuse. By not
doing this, the state denies girls of their entitlements guaranteed by the Constitution of India.”

The study was based on detailed interviews of 46 married girls and 26 girls whose marriages
were prevented. The girls belonged to Nalgonda, Ranga Reddy, Mahbubnagar and
Hyderabad.

According to the study, 78% of girls stated that their health had deteriorated, 30% of them
complained of body aches and pains after marriage and 15% of them were mentally
depressed.

The study also faulted the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (PCMA) 2006. Sinha stated that
the PCMA has serious flaws as it doesn’t make child marriage totally voidable. She said that
PCMA is based on the assumption that marriage has its own sanctity and is bound by
tradition and culture that have to be respected. It assumes no difference between a girl child
and an adult woman and fails to respect their specific constitutional rights. Therefore, sanctity
of marriage is a norm for both children and adult women. “It expects the girl to seek
annulment when it is well known that even adult women do not have the capacity to
withstand the pressures of breaking a marriage and seeking divorce,” the professor lamented.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This literature specifies a multidimensional concept of understanding women’s empowerment
based on the definition given by Deepa Srivastava defines Women’s empowerment as
aspiring gender parity in social & economic space, & control in one’s decision making &
developing the ability to become agent of household women must also be made partners in
economic development. As per Margaret Sanger, Women must not accept everything; she
must challenge the world to undergo all difficulties.

According to Ruchi Malhotra , Information technology has been developed in the world as
never before. The benefits accrued from the synergy of knowledge and IT need not be
restricted to the upper strata of the society but have to freely flow to all segments of the
female population. IT sector is considered to be no- discriminating. It is considered to be an
equal opportunity employer for men & women. IT are powerful tools for women to use to
overcome discrimination, achieve full equality, well being and participation in decisions that
impact the quality of their lives and the future of their communities.

KALYANA LAXMI SCHEME

In most communities, it is a custom that the parents of the daughters need to bear the
expenses of their girl’s wedding. Mostly poverty-ridden families are also trapped in this
practice. The Government of Telangana has introduced a welfare scheme which operates
under the names ‘Kalyana Laxmi’ for the minorities of below poverty line and ‘Shaadi
Mubarak’ for the Muslim community brides to prevent child marriages that results form
poverty. Except for the names, the functions under the scheme for the beneficiaries are same.
The scheme aims to uplift the parents who are not in a position to get their daughters married
by rendering one-time financial assistance.

FEATURES OF KALYANA LAXMI SCHEME

The Government of Telangana launched the scheme on October 2, 2014 for the SC/St,
minorities (BC-A, BC-B, BC-c), and the Economically Backward Class of the state. Initially,
the Government launched the scheme providing a financial aid of Rs.51,000. Later the
assistance was raised to Rs.75,116 in 2017. Recently in March 2018, the assistance has been
enhanced to Rs.1,00,116. The budget allocated for the fiscal year accounts to Rs.1450 Crores
and the scheme has reached around 3,60,000 beneficiaries till March, 2018.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR KALYANA LAXMI / SHAADI
MUBARAK SCHEME

The bride should confirm to the following conditions to avail the benefit.

1. The applying girl should belong to any of the mentioned minority communities or
should fall under the below poverty line.

2. The applicant should be a resident of Telangana State.

3. The unmarried girl must have completed 18 years of age at the time of marriage.

4. The compound income of the girl’s parents should not cross Rs.2,00,000 per annum.

PRE-REQUISITES FOR KALYANA LAXMI SCHEME

 Aadhaar card of the applicant

 Birth certificate of the bride issued by the competent authority.

 Caste certificate

 Income certificate not older than 6 months from the date of marraige

 Bank account for both bride and bride’s mother

 Wedding Card (optional)

APPLY FOR KALYANA LAXMI / SHAADI MUBARAK SCHEME

The scheme enables the girl to avail the support by applying online. The online application
procedure for the scheme is described below.

Step 1: To begin with the application, first visit the official website and click ‘Kalyana
Laxmi’ in the home page or click here directly.

Step 2: On clicking the link, the application form appears. The first part of the application
form incorporates the bride’s particulars where the applicant is required to furnish details
pertaining to the following.

 Details of bride
 Income certificate details

 Caste certificate details

 Permanent address

 Present address

 Bride’s bank account details (mandatory for orphans only)

 Bank account details of bride’s mother

KALYANA LAXMI SCHEME

In most communities, it is a custom that the parents of the daughters need to bear the
expenses of their girl’s wedding. Mostly poverty-ridden families are also trapped in this
practice. The Government of Telangana has introduced a welfare scheme which operates
under the names ‘Kalyana Laxmi’ for the minorities of below poverty line and ‘Shaadi
Mubarak’ for the Muslim community brides to prevent child marriages that results form
poverty. Except for the names, the functions under the scheme for the beneficiaries are same.
The scheme aims to uplift the parents who are not in a position to get their daughters married
by rendering one-time financial assistance.

FEATURES OF KALYANA LAXMI SCHEME

The Government of Telangana launched the scheme on October 2, 2014 for the SC/St,
minorities (BC-A, BC-B, BC-c), and the Economically Backward Class of the state. Initially,
the Government launched the scheme providing a financial aid of Rs.51,000. Later the
assistance was raised to Rs.75,116 in 2017. Recently in March 2018, the assistance has been
enhanced to Rs.1,00,116. The budget allocated for the fiscal year accounts to Rs.1450 Crores
and the scheme has reached around 3,60,000 beneficiaries till March, 2018.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR KALYANA LAXMI / SHAADI

MUBARAK SCHEME

The bride should confirm to the following conditions to avail the benefit.

1. The applying girl should belong to any of the mentioned minority communities or
should fall under the below poverty line.
2. The applicant should be a resident of Telangana State.

3. The unmarried girl must have completed 18 years of age at the time of marriage.

4. The compound income of the girl’s parents should not cross Rs.2,00,000 per annum.

PRE-REQUISITES FOR KALYANA LAXMI SCHEME

 Aadhaar card of the applicant

 Birth certificate of the bride issued by the competent authority.

 Caste certificate

 Income certificate not older than 6 months from the date of marraige

 Bank account for both bride and bride’s mother

 Wedding Card (optional)

PROPRIETORSHIP REGISTRATION

A sole proprietorship is a type of unregistered business entity that is owned, managed and
controlled by one person. Sole proprietorship's are one of the most common forms of
business in India, used by most micro and small businesses operating in the unorganised
sectors. Proprietorships are very easy to start and have very minimal regulatory compliance
requirement for started and operating. However, after the startup phase, proprietorship's do
not offer the promoter a host of benefits such as limited liability proprietorship, corporate
status, separate legal entity, independent existence, transferability, perpetual existence -
which are desirable features for any business. Therefore, proprietorship registration is suited
only for unorganised, small businesses that will remain small and/or have a limited period of
existence.

There is no mechanism provided by the Government of India for the registration of a

Proprietorship. Therefore, the existence of a proprietorship must be established through tax
registrations and other business registrations that a business is required to have as per the
rules and regulations. For instance, VAT or Service Tax or GST Registration can be obtained
in the name of the Proprietor to establish that the Proprietor is operating a business as a sole
proprietorship. Thus, all the registrations for a proprietorship would be in the name of the
Proprietor, making the Proprietor personally liable for all the liabilities of the Proprietorship.

IndiaFilings is the market leader in company registration services in India, offering a variety
of company registration like private limited company registration, one person company
registration, Nidhi Company Registration, Section 8 Company Registration , Producer
Company Registration and Indian Subsidiary registration. The average time taken to
complete a proprietorship registration is 3 - 5 working days, subject to government
processing time and client document submission. Get a free consultation for proprietorship
registration and business setup in India by scheduling an appointment with an IndiaFilings
Advisor.

PARTNERSHIP

A Partnership Firm is a popular form of business constitution for businesses that are owned,
managed and controlled by an Association of People for profit. Partnership firms are
relatively easy to start are is prevalent amongst small and medium sized businesses in the
unorganized sectors. With the introduction of Limited Liability Partnerships in India,
Partnership Firms are fast losing their prevalence due to the added advantages offered by a
Limited Liability Partnership.

There are two types of Partnership firms, registered and un-registered Partnership firm. It is
not compulsory to register a Partnership firm; however, it is advisable to register a
Partnership firm due to the added advantages. Partnership firms are created by drafting a
Partnership deed amongst the Partners and IndiaFilings can help start a registered or un-
registered Partnership firm in India.
NEED OF THE STUDY
 According to him, the tradition of marrying daughters off can become a burden for
parents and the scheme uplifts the girl child and their parents from financial distress.
 The Chief Minister said the scheme initiated on October 2, 2014, which is close to his
heart, has till now benefited at least 3, 60,000 people.
 Kalyana Lakshmi/Shaadi Mubarak scheme benefits females above 18 years of age
and applies to all sections of society. The scheme also helps to eliminate child
marriages in the state, a statement issued by the Chief Minister's Office said.
 The Chief Minister in the statement said he was confident that his decision would be
applauded by the girl child, their parents and that with their blessings the government
was carving Telangana as the welfare state.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The financial assistance was increased to ₹1,00,116 on 19 March 2018 from ₹75,116. It is
provided to the bride’s family at the time of marriage to meet the marriage expenses. The
budget allocated, ₹1450 crores, for the year 2018-19.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:

The study is both descriptive and analytical in nature. It is a blend of primary data and secondary
data.The primary data has been collected personally by approaching the online share traders who are
engaged in share market. The data are collected with a carefully prepared questionnaire. The
secondary data has been collected from the books, journals and websites which deal with online share
trading.

Source of data

Primary Sources: The primary data was collected through structured unbiased questionnaire and
personal interviews of investors. For this purpose questionnaire included were both open ended &
close ended & multiple-choice questions.

Secondary method: The secondary data collection method includes:

 Websites
 Journals
 Text books
Method Used For Analysis of Study

The methodology used for this purpose is Survey and Questionnaire Method. It is a time consuming
and expensive method and requires more administrative planning and supervision. It is also subjective
to interviewer bias or distortion.

Sample Size: 100 respondents

Sampling Unit: Businessmen, Government Servant, Retired Individuals

Statistical Tools: MS-excel and pie and bar diagrams are used to analyze the
data.