THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF EDUCATION: HAZARDS AND BENEFITS IN

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS WITHIN GUIMBA NUEVA ECIJA

A Graduate Thesis

Presented to

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

by

(NAME)

October 2018
 CHAPTER I

Introduction

The commercialization of education has been fairly a recent trend that stems from the

educational reform in the country over the last two decades (Dept. of Education, 2016). It mainly

materializes itself in mushrooming private schools, public schools and private universities and at

the high education level .In a sense; it has added a financial element to the qualification of

attending private schools and public and private universities. Undoubtedly, it affects million

families. As a result, it also changes the traditional concepts of education in society including the

student teacher relationship, education and attitude towards gaining knowledge .Education was

something that was always driven by thought in the former days. Meaning of commercialization

of education:

Generally commercialization is a process by which a new product or service is introduced

into the general market. Commercialization of education is trend of decreasing emphasis on the

humanities and increasing attention to the demand of the student s. It is a tendency which gives

emphasis on to make education profitable as well as business oriented .On the other way

commercialization of education means that schools are competing more than ever for whole can

provide quality education at a reasonable price. Like any other market, this healthy competition

is benefit to the buyer or in this case the student. The enmeshing of private schools, public

schools and the costs associated with each means that students of all steps of life will start

attending both forms of education. Since commercialized education means that students are

paying more for education than the government invests. It is obvious that the direction of

education will lie more in the hands of students and Teachers.

Significance of the study

Researching is one of the aspects that develop and mold ones intelligence, a knowledge

that results from practice and experience which sought for quality education. Research has a big

role in our society not only in discovering new things, also use to correct wrong perception in

life.

The generalization of this present study would be a great contribution to the vast

knowledge in relation to student’s achievements. Vital results of this research could be highly

significant and beneficial especially to the following:

Students. They are the elementary student from public and private schools. The findings of this

research will help them in gaining new information and strategies in solving a problem and to

open their mind in systematic way of thinking. Because there are the one who mostly need this

study in their young life. The findings of this research will inspire, enlightened and become

beneficial to the students from elementary around Guimba Nueva Ecija.

Teachers. This refers to the professional teacher who took the four year course program of

Bachelor of Elementary Education and who also finish four year course in different areas who

took 18 units in education (Teaching Certificate Program). In this study, they are the medium/

instrument in the materialization of the teaching program. Thru this research, they will apply the

new and improve information to their teaching.

Academic coordinator will be gaining insight as to what measures are appropriate to help the

teachers orient both students and teachers regarding the useful of research in Science Education.
Statement of the Problem

Today students increasingly view education and the time they spend at school as a means

to an economic end, a way of ensuring profitable employment. This is not to say that there

should not be an economic benefit to their obtaining a course. However, while the outcomes of a

commodity-based exchange in the free market are easy to measure and quantify, the outcome of

education, unless it is erroneously equated with the degree as an ‘embodied’ form of capital, is

not easily quantifiable. The social and cultural trends that foster a mentality where education

equals a degree serve to further obscure the benefits of education that are not easily quantifiable

and not immediately cashable.

However, in the context of the growing commercialization of education and its increasing

coding as a commodity that can be purchased like any other, the concept acquires distinct market

undertones. This contributes to the perception that students are consumers of a service for a very

specific reason seen in limited, commercial terms- mainly as a ticket to a well-paying job. In that

sense, students are implicitly encouraged to approach in very similar terms to, say, purchasing a

car. Publics and privates, in turn, feel increasingly compelled to cater to the apparent market-

driven demand for utility and choice. The consumer attitude towards education results in the

view that liberal arts and value-based learning have gone out of vogue; which has direct

consequences for an area of education like ethical citizenship, which is by definition value-

based. Given the fact that both the institutions and the students live in a commercialized world

where everything can be valued in monetary terms the teaching and learning of ethical

citizenship is increasingly difficult as students and the public tend to perceive many of its aspects

as theoretical, irrelevant and disconnected from the world outside.

Students often internalize this utilitarian and corporate conception of education and incorporate it

into their views of themselves and their role in the world. This conception significantly impedes

their ability or willingness to embrace the values of ethical citizenship, rooted in responsible

action aimed at pursuing truth and knowledge for their own sake, or acting for the benefit of

public good. One of the consequences of this process is that students are becoming alienated

from the social experience; education is increasingly seen as a disembodied experience and the

classroom experience has become sheltered and isolated – divorced in other words – from the

community. The dominant corporate trends of the society do not encourage students to see their

presence at school as a valuable process with a qualitative and unquantifiable benefits resulting

in a broadened perception of self, others, the world and the categories of good, evil or justice, in

a sense that transcends the interests of any single group or individual. Instead, the prevalent

value structures of the society often encourage students to see post-secondary education as an

obstacle to overcome on the way to the perfect job. In this circumstances, and with the

increasingly commodification of higher education, students are increasingly less likely to

perceive the connections between knowledge and ethical practice, less likely to see education as

something valuable in itself, and less likely to reflect on the application of classroom education

to the world and society outside with the aim of furthering society’s moral wealth.
Theoretical Frameworks

Shubham Raturi, B.E (Aticle) explained the commercialization of education that carried out by

global corporations, is the practice of altering or disrupting the teaching and learning process in

schools from kindergarten through college, by introducing advertising and other commercial

activities in order to increase profit.

Braun, J Von, Eileen Kennedy (Essay) said commercialization is the process of involving an

activity in commerce. Commercialization is the process that is involved in making a product

commercially successful. The process involves the production, dissemination, sales, marketing

and support necessary to commercialize the product or activity. Commercialization apples to

various sectors and these include the education, agriculture and the sport industries.

Commercialization of education is a new trend that has resulted in reforms in the education

sector. The commercialization of education can be seen through the increase of private schools

and institutions. This privatization has introduced the financial element to the qualifications

necessary for education, especially in regard to higher education. Commercialization of

education requires structural adjustments, shifts in accountability and reconceptualization of the

education system. This commercialization has an effect on many households and therefore

changes the whole concept of education, especially the student teacher relationship, the purposes

of education and the attitudes towards education. Commercialization of education has a greater

effect on the stakeholders involved, such as the student’s teachers, administrators and parents

because of the shift from the vertical relationship in a horizontal relationship where the role of

the teachers and that of the student changes to that of a business and clients.
Ashok Pawar (PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, p- 51 )“It this change on a

ground scale is to be achieved without violent revolution there is one instrument, one instrument

only that can be used education other agencies may help but can indeed sometimes have a more

apparent impact. But the national system of education is the only instrument that can reach all

the people it is not however, a magic world to wave wishes into existence it is a difficult

instrument, whose effective use requires strength of will dedicated work and sacrifice. But it is a

sure and tried instrument which has served other countries well in their struggle for development

it can give to will and skill do so for India. Commercialization of education has been a big

challenge before the fundamental right to education in India. Demands for the qualities

education, opportunities in abroad, growing consciousness about the education in India

comparativeness and governmental inability to cope up with the rising demands has resulted into

widespread of education and thereby educational institutions in the hands of private persons.

Enormous demands for higher education in India have led to the Industrialization of education.

But Education today is an object of business which has serious and negative effects on our

society. The more one can pay, higher the education he can get. Every year, number of students

going for higher professional education is increasing in India and therefore, good opportunity

exists for all these colleges to make money by offering such courses. In many cases, situations

even remain much worst and students feel cheated at the end of courses. The best example is

given in a movie, Path shall a in which some rules were set for the school’s profit. We can easily

give the example of flourishing MBA colleges across India where average annual fees is around

5-10 lakh rupees; however, the facilities provided by these colleges are much below average

levels. Most of these colleges remain more interested in making good bucks than providing

quality education to students. Every year, number of students going for higher professional
education is increasing in India and therefore, good opportunity exists for all these colleges to

make money by offering such courses.

Ejaz Anwar & Ashok Kumar Saha (COMMERCIALIZATION OF EDUCATION: A CRITICAL

STUDY TO ANALYZE ITS IMPACT ON INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM, p- 1)

”Education is visualized as an evolutionary force for each individual that is enabled to

evolve from purely material consciousness. Also, it interprets as a bridge between the past,

present and the future by which the best of the heritage is transmitted to the new generation for

its further progression. Previously, Education was something driven by devotion and thought.

Teachers were successful potters molding men and women into the embodiment of an intangible

divine force, of rectitude by their own volition.”

Theoretical Framework

Factors Participants

 Teachers
 Student skill level
 Elem. students
 Teaching Factor
(privates and
 Materials in
publics)
teaching

 Living Status of

students

Hazards and Benefits of Commercialization in

Education
Purpose of the Study

The main objector of the paper is to give a critical discussion of commercialization of

education system. The methodology of the paper is analytical and description. The source of date

in this paper is secondary data. All secondary date are collated from various books, journals,

magazines, newspaper, internet sites etc. Because of rapid development of science and

technology the internet, the education system is becoming more and more private and

commercial and it both the positive and negative impact.

The positive and negative impact on commercialization of education is discuses below—

Merits of Commercialization of Education: Commercialization has a positive impact on

education. Some of the important aspects are as follows:

1. Employment opportunity: Commercialization of education provides employment

opportunity. It provides job opportunity as well as hundred percent job guarantees to the

students. Many private institutions offer various job oriented job oriented courses, various

degrees, diplomas, certificate course etc. Which help the students to engage in job. Due to the

presence of commercialization of education various organization such as GATS (General

Agreement on Trade in services), the students gets the opportunity to doing professional course

at the local branch Campuses of foreign institutions. Like that the teachers, lectures also engaged

in the job in foreign countries. This also reduces the unemployment problem of the country.

2. Economic Development: Commercialization of education helps in the process of

economic development. Commercialization in education helps in increasing the rate of literacy,

Gross Domestic Product, Gross national Income, per capital income, provide the job opportunity

etc. Which is the major indicator of economic development of a country? This indicator also
helps in the human resource development. So commercialization of education contributes in the

economic development of a country.

3. To Face the Global Challenges: Commercialization of education helps to face the

global challenges of the world. The global challenges are as modernization, industrialization,

privatization, globalization, information and communication Technology, Emergence of

International knowledge Network, Role of English language etc. Commercialization of education

helps the students in acquiring appropriate knowledge about the advantages in technology.

Emergence of International knowledge Network, Role of English language etc.

Commercialization of education helps the acquiring appropriate knowledge about the advantages

in technology. The challenges, how to adopt it , how help etc. and it also provide demand for

training that can be applied in the real word. For this number of institutions of education system

have transformed this structures and curriculum to meet the new global challenges.

4. Personality development: Commercialization of education helps in the personality

development of the students. The commercialization of education provides formal education to

students. For the personality development of the students they provide moral education which

included the development commercialization skill, soft skill, how to maintain their physical

health, to how face interview, how to with entrance examination how to adjust with the society

etc. In the school syllabus the subject of moral science are included. This is helpful for the

students in the entire life.

5. Quality of education: Commercialization of education give emphasis on quality

education. The concept of quality education is broader term which indicates the quality of the

learner, quality of the learning environment, quality content, quality process and quality
outcomes. The commercialization of education makes effort to provide quality education to the

students and also offer more demanding courses in the modern society. Generally every parents

wants that their children take the quality education which help them in their future life as well in

the development of society. A person who gets good education will become a more dependable

worker, better citizen and strong consumer. The commercialization institution provides good

learning environment, good infrastructure facility, good teachers etc. For achieving quality

education.

6. Increased private Institutions: Duo to the presence of commercialization of

education a number of private institutions were increased in various region. When the private

institutions increased day by day the tendency of commercialization also increased,

commercialization can’t take place without privatization. The various private institutions provide

technical, medical, professional courses for the benefit of the students, along with the institution

also provide proper infrastructure facility. So it helps the student in facing an international plate

from. Incensement of private institutions increased the job opportunity and both the qualitative

and quantitative development of education. So commercialization of education helps in this

process.

7. Social development: Commercialization of education give emphasis on the social

development. For the development of the nation, social development is very necessary. In the

private institution the students were provide the social education how to adjust with the society,

knowledge of the various culture, knowledge about social interaction, provide knowledge to the

students to preserve their culture, knowledge of the norms, social customs etc. So the

commercialization’s in education provide appropriate opportunity to the students to establish a

relationship with the culture traditions, norms etc. Of the society. Through the education it is
helpful for the child to develop the innate social qualities including socialization, social

interaction, take participate in the program of the school etc. So commercialization of education

help in the social development and it also provide education according to needs of the society.

8. Fulfillment of expectation of parents: Commercialization of education helps in

fulfillment of expectation of parents by providing education in the private institutions. Every

parents tries their level best to provide quality education to his ward and to fulfill their dreams,

they spend a lump sum amount of money so that their ward is able to study in the best

educational institution. This institution makes efforts to fulfill the dreams of the student. The

education institutions, coaching centers etc. make a new educational industry, where after

completion of the course the student engaged. They provide competitive environment to the

student so as they can get achievement. When parents admit their children they become sure that

their children future will be bright, because the parents have the faith the proper education as

well as proper environment of the institutions.

9. Development of professional efficiency of teachers: Commercialization of

education helps give attention on the development of professional efficiency of teachers. In the

private institutions they appointed highly qualified teachers, smart teachers, and also provide

proper training to the teachers for their professional development. So that the students of

different parts came to the institution to education. The institution provide opportunity to develop

to their professional efficiency through seminars, workshop, study circle, conference etc.

10. Professional and vocational development of learners: commercialization of

education gives very much emphasis on professional as well as vocational development of the
students. The advertisement made by the school and colleges such as coaching, diploma degree,

vocational training, various professional and skill development courses etc. which help the

student to get a background about these courses, and provide opportunity to develop their

academic career. Due to the effect of provide E publishing which provide our freelance writers

an opportunity to work from home, have unlimited income potential as a weekly basis. The

research papers, essays, form papers as a guide for their own and each project we produce is

designed to be an excellent example exactly how their own term paper.

Demerits of commercialization of education: Commercialization of education also has

some demerits. Some of the important points are as follows

1. More emphasis on marks: Commercialization of education gives more emphasis on

marks. It not tries to fulfill all round development of students. The students were forced to get

more and more marks in each subject and only give importance on intellectual activities.

Continuous education is too much in this type of institution. When the students got high marks

and make good result then people generally will be increased every year and from their high

amount of money the institution will be developed and commercially benefited. In some private

institutions they provide cheap commercial and vocational studies and the parents blindly send

their children to it.

2. Unable to maintain the principle of quality: Commercialization of education is

unable to maintain the principle of equality. In the society there are three types of people were

lived – upper class people, middle class people and lower people. For the impact of

commercialization of education system the poor people as well as the weaker section of the

society not are able to get education due to high rate of fees in admitting the students. Only the
rich people will be able to take education because they have the capacity to spend high amount

of money. There are various constitutional provisions such as article 46, but the

commercialization of education not followed such type of provisions, because they always give

emphasis on profit. Who pay money they will get better education.

3. Profit oriented: Commercialization of education always give emphasis on profit. It

makes education as a business. People make rise about it but day by day it increased rapidly. In

many schools for the commercial benefit there have soda machines, candy machines, fast food

canteens, café teria in the boundary of the school or college campus; it is an example of

commercialization. From these sources they earn money from the students only for their benefit.

4. Costly: The impact of commercialization in education which makes education very

costlier. In the private institutions the admission fees, monthly fees, development fees, semester

fees etc. Were very high. It is not possible to send their children in that type of institution. They

demand high amount of donation in admitting the student in various course. But the same type of

education was given in the government school. The government provide various facilities to the

students, reservation are there, special facilities are there for the special students where as in the

private institution it not be seen. From the commercialization point of view the students are the

consumer, education is the things and the educational institutions are the shop.

5. Materialistic outlook: Commercialization of education develops the materialistic

outlook among the students. The student have the attitude that to take proper education and to get

a good job. They pay money and take education. The student only thinks of himself and not for

the development of his region, society and for the nation. They want to spend a luxuries life. The

commercialization of education makes the student self – centered. The students have the high
expectation for the benefit of him. This type of education not help the student to develop the

democratize attitude towards the people, towards the society and the nations. The students only

busy with him and forget the duties of the citizenship and it produces a narrow outlook or narrow

attitude among the students.

6. Over burden of Teachers: The impact of commercialization on education also related

with the over burden of the teachers. In the private institutions, for the commercial benefit they

pressure on the teachers and give over burden of work for the whole day. They were bound to do

the activities provided by the authority. They were busy to take the class, examination, remedial

class, tutorial class, to check the examination copy etc. But on the basis of their hard working in

the whole day they don’t get sufficient amount of money. Sometimes teachers can be suffered

from anxiety; tension etc. and they were not satisfied with their job. The institutions have the

outlook, the profit should be increased and not spend money in other activities. Only money is

the main point is this type of institution.

7. Mechanical Process: Commercialization’s of education make the education process as

mechanical. It not follows the psychological principle. The children have given over burden

curriculum. The teachers were engaged at all levels, they take all class, including remedial class,

tutorial class, group discussions, seminars etc. Which decreased the attention, motivation of the

students towards learning? Very much repetition is there so that the teaching learning process

becomes a mechanical one. This institution wants to make the student good in all subjects’ areas

in a short period of time, because they get a huge amount of money from the students for their

development. So that they to maintain their standards. The teachers as well as the students were

affected from this mechanical process.

 8. Less salary to teachers: The commercialization of education impact on the salary of

the teachers. In the private institutions the teachers were provide over burden work pressure.

They don’t have time, any time they are busy. The authority observed the teachers. The teachers

usually faced the rudely voice of the authority when mistakes are there. The whole day the

teachers were associated with the teaching process. They not have the leisure time for mental

release. But the teachers don’t get sufficient amount according to their work. So it not

encourages the teachers for their professional development. If the institutions paid huge money

to them the profit will not be there, which will bring an unfavorable condition. The main aim is

the profit of them so that they not paid the teachers sufficiently.

9. Poor service condition of teachers: - Commercialization of education only gives

emphasis on profit of authorities who open the institution, but not give attention on the profit of

the teachers. They provide less salary to the teachers but teachers have given over burden of

work. They not provide quarters, proper facility, proper transport, water facility etc. to the

teachers. So that the conditions of the teachers become poor, but they provide proper education

of the students. If all the facilities provide to the teachers the institutions not become in a

condition of profit. So that the commercialization of education greatly impact on it.

10. Over burden curriculum: - Due to the impact of commercialization of education of

educational institutions become a business enterprise. The curriculum of the institution is very is

spread. It includes various additional subjects in general curriculum. The small children are

suffering from it. The books provided by the institutions are very expensive and in the lower

stage which are not psychologically effective. The students were given to do daily homework,

practical work an each subject which has a great burden to the students. The not have time to

play with his groups due to tuition, school, drawing class music class etc. so this type of
education make the student as a machine. These actions were played only for the benefit of the

educational institutions. The purpose of this research is to determine the hazards and benefits of

commercialization of education within the elementary students of Guimba Nueva Ecija.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The teachers from public and private elementary schools will be used as a sample

in conducting the survey. Its main purpose is to identify the common problems that

they encounter and to propose possible solutions regarding these problems. This study considers

every aspect of teacher’s personal information that has an impact on their academic

performances such as: their gender, age and living status. Each of the respondents is given same

questionnaires to answer. And this study focuses on the current elementary students in public and

private of the present school year, 2018-2019.

Definition of Terms

Terms here are conceptually and operationally defined for better understanding of the

readers.

Relationships: Relationships ‘happen’ at all times, in all places, in all parts of society and in all

phases of development of individuals. These might include exchange of ideas, skills, attitudes or

values. It is a bonding which moves every group of individuals.

Commercialization: Commercialization of education is a process of private ownership and

management of educational institutes whereby investments are made with the motive of earning

profits.

Privatization: The intervention of private firms in public sectors is called privatization. Private

investors become executives in different fields.

Materialism: A tendency of inclination towards material possessions and worldly comforts. The

possessions and comforts become more valuable than spiritual satisfaction.

Leader: Leader in this study is referred to the head of the school who has the power to take

action against any injustice to the students in the school.

Executives: Executives in this study refers to people who are responsible for implementing the

rules and regulations, who keep a check on the implementation of laws.

Elementary education: Tertiary education is the primary level education, which is first

completion of education in a school.

 CHAPTER II

The chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions,

methodologies and others. Those that were include in this chapter helps in familiarizing

information that are relevant and similar to the present study.

H. suresh J, “Commercialization of Education system: A critical analysis Swapnali Borgohain”

H. suresh J explained the term education has been defined as the process of developing

and training the powers and capabilities of human being. Thus there is sale of services or profit

motive behind imparting of education or funds come mainly from the receivers of education. We

can easily say that there is commercialization of education. The history of education in India is

very rich and gather knowledge and enrich our thoughts. It is the learning of knowledge,

information and skills during the course of life. There is to an array of educational opportunity of

the informal level as well as formal level. Education always evolves out of historical and cultural

contexts. India’s current educational system is a product of centuries –old-dualities that

characterize the genius and decadence of an ancient but wounded civilization. Education is also

visualized as an evolutionary force so that each individual is enabled to evolve from purely

material consciousness. Education is also perceived as a bridge between the past, present and the

future and as means by which the best of the heritage is transmitted to the new generation for its

further progression. India has the world’s oldest and largest education system. Its antiquity and

diversity are reflected in the roots of cultural norms and institutions that go back to a distant and

venerable past. Now a days the rapid development of information and communication

technology has transformed the whole world into a global village with a global economy. Which

makes our education more commercial and private. This paper is an attempt to focus on the
positive and negative impact of commercialization on education system.

Schrum, Lynne, “Education and Commercialization: Raising Awareness and Making Wise

Decisions”

Lynne said that “We are living in a world of commercialization-everything has a price tag

and conspicuous consumption appears to be the way of the western world. The media and

politicians remind us that our educational system must prepare our students to be competitive in

a global economy. To discuss commercialization in education, we must place it in the current

social and economic context. “…The organization of the school, as it is presently constructed,

institutionalizes consumer materialism” (Boyles, 1998, p. 4). One result has been a growth in the

number and types of partnerships between schools and corporations. We may disagree whether

this is the way things should be, but it is the way they currently are, and this presents a

challenging conundrum for educators.

This article explores issues regarding commercialization and education. First, it examines

the status of commercialization in the K-12 environment. The article then provides a look at

reciprocal business and education partnerships, which represent a different type of relationship.

Finally, it offers suggestions for dealing with this situation in colleges of education as well as in

the K-12 environment.

Beaurnnaing, “Commercialization of Higher Education – Good or Bad?”

Beaurnnaing defined the commercialization in good or bad meaning which are:

Commercialization of Higher Education – The good in it for us:

 Firstly, commercialization of higher education generally results in state-of-the-art

facilities for all students as money is no longer a constraint. Moreover as universities are free to

enter into corporate ties with variety of industries they can improve and upgrade their

infrastructure through corporate funding. The better infrastructure ultimately benefits the

students. The students also get the opportunity to get trained in corporate firms and get valuable

industry exposure because of a Memorandum of Understanding that is in place between the

university and the organization. Another boon of commercialization of higher education is the

fact that surveys found privatized universities being more professional in their approach than

their public counterparts.

Commercialization of Higher Education- The bad in it for us:

The main drawback of commercialization of higher education is the high tuition fees

associated with it. Most parents belonging to the lower middle class with more than one child to

educate usually find it impossible to afford such a luxury. Privatized institutions are being

symbolized by the rich and elite sections of our society. We may argue that education being the

basic right of an individual must be provided uniformly to all irrespective of their financial

status. Some academicians have even voiced their concern over procurement of knowledge in

exchange of money.

Mustafa Asad, “Negative Effects of Commercialization of Education”

Commercialization of Education means the purpose to earn money without any sincerity

to deliver knowledge, improve skills or share experience. Now the tendency is transferred from

win to win condition to win to lose, nobody wants to win, everyone want to defeat other.
Commercialization of Education change the purpose of education now the main purpose is to

earn not to turn. Students are learning how to earn but not learning how to turn.

Bomhe, Shradda and Chandwani, Vinod, “A Study of Impact of Commercialization of Education

in India”

Education today is an object of business which has serious and negative effects on our

society. The more one can pay, higher the education he can get. Every year, number of students

going for higher professional education is increasing in India and therefore, good opportunity

exists for all these colleges to make money by offering such courses.

Nitin Bhatia, (2012), “Education – Problem or Solution”

In Marketing there is a concept of Demand & Supply…If supply exceed demand then it

devalues the product & vice versa…This concept can be applied to education sector also, as

supply of talent pool is far exceeding the demand, which actually is devaluing the

education….There are many factors which are contributing to this degradation & all there factors

are interlinked to each other

(a) Commercialization of Education

(b) Sub Standard Quality of Education

(c) Very Limited Job Opportunities

Firstly, education is no more a noble cause but it has become a business or we can say it is

commercialized now…Now a days you can see education institutes in every nook and corner of

any urban city…All these changes are result of privatization of education…With the advent of

large no of Pvt Institutes in mid 90’s, The agenda of Education is hijacked & education institutes

have now become source of generating profit…Now u can find hundred of Engineering & MBA

institutes in each state…These institutes are making good money through capitation fees and are

also charging very high fees…

Rabida, Kumar, Vol. 5- Issue 5, “A Study of Factors Responsible for Commercialization of

Education”

Education is the safest business. Today you have AC classrooms, AC buses and

inordinately high fees. Private education has taken away access to education from a large section

of population‖, such situation arises when any educational institution is run by a person who has

nothing to do with education, except to treat it as a cash cow. In the last decade, this has been the

trend in the several business schools in India. Small time entrepreneurs who earned profits in

different venture like real estate, sale of automobiles, sweet shops, insurance broking and so on,

has entered the education sector by opening business schools. They are likely to treat students as

customers. On the other hand, in government funded institutions supported by genuine

educational trusts, teachers are guided by a strong belief that students are products of the

institution and need molding, and hence, do not consider them as customers. This is also true for

premier business schools. But Education today is an object of business which has serious and

negative effects on our society. The more one can pay, higher the education he can get. Every
year, number of students going for higher professional education is increasing in India and

therefore, good opportunity exists for all these colleges to make money by offering such courses.

Hunlock, Creek “Commercialization of Education”

Commercialization of Education research papers submit that there is a growing shift in

academics that is marked by changes in student demands and motives for seeking education at

the university level. The factors that have been offered as contributing to the commercialization

of education include new cultural environments, advances in technology and the demand for

training that can be applied in the “real world”. While a number of institutions of higher

learning have transformed their structures and curriculum to meet these new demands listed in a

commercialization of education research papers, which has included less emphasis on the

humanities, many educators maintain that the advantages of a liberal arts education with its

strong emphasis on the humanities should not be ignored.

Ways in Which Education has Commercialized:

 Education Franchises (i.e. University of Phoenix)

 Corporate Sponsorship of School Cafeterias

 Sponsorship of Sports Teams

 Corporate Sponsored Courses and Affiliate Programs

Traub emphasizes this phenomenon in the example of the University of Phoenix. As a

preface, Commercialization of Education research papers detail the commercialization of

education that is especially apparent in the University’s establishment of franchises throughout

the country. While regional extensions of universities are not unusual, the University of Phoenix

maintains forty-seven sites in Michigan, Florida and Louisiana.

According to Commercialization of Education research papers, the operational

environment of the University of Phoenix and its affiliates is “without a campus life, or even an

intellectual life”. It is fair to suggest that the University of Phoenix is responding to the

increasingly competitive environment of higher education, as one Commercialization of

Education research paper suggests that “It’s a Darwinian world out there” and the University of

Phoenix must compete with both the small private colleges and large state institutions that garner

the majority of student enrollments each year.

PAYALLADHA , (2012) “Short Essay on Commercialisation of Education”

In this modern era, EDUCATION is no more giving knowledge or teaching a child so

that he/she can know more and more about the society.Rather it has converted into a business in

almost every institution charge a huge amount in return of the facilities they provide.

In the best educational institutions of the world, donations are taken in return of

registering an average student and giving him education.

Advertisements made by the schools, colledges, coachings, etc is a way of getting more

and more customers in form of students and surely their business is prospering day by day.

Basically the parents are being cheated in the name of education. Even if it gives rise to a

new industry, this industry will not be able to fulfil its social responsibility towards the society.
 The system of education in the world has to improve; the meaning of education has to

improve. Providing education should not be limited to providing lumsum amount of money. The

meaning should be giving quality education to the youth to develop the world.

This is not what "I" as an individual or "you" as an individual can do. For this many "I"

have to come together to give rise to a "we" and this "we" will be able to convey this message to

the world.

Molnar, A. (2005). School commercialism. New York: Routledge

Within the context of higher education, corporate policies, practices, and market

ideologies have braided together to infiltrate all aspects of campus life. For instance, many public

institutions of higher education in the United States have lost significant amounts of funding

from state governments and face strong competition for student dollars from the growing pool of

for-profit higher-education institutions. University administrators are compelled to base hiring

decisions, the utility of academic programs, faculty research, and student learning with a “bottom

line” mentality. Not coincidently, contingent adjunct faculty members are growing as the

dominant teaching force; teaching assistants are used to replace full-time faculty members;

prospective faculty are compelled to secure grants to obtain tenure-track positions; and programs

that are not economically attractive are generally eliminated.

Meanwhile, university personnel often feel pressured to treat their students as

“customers.” They must meet student demands or face the possibility of losing needed resources

with their institution, which may translate into losing their own positions. Since students have

often come to view education as merely another commodity, deeming education as important to

the extent it provides value in the marketplace, faculty modify their pedagogy to keep them
 “happy.” They teach students what they find practical, rather than preparing them to become

active citizens in the pursuit of forging a society predicated on justice and democracy.

Fletcher Adam (2018), “Commercialization in Schools and Meaningful Student Involvement”

The issue of commercialization in schools is closely related to privatization, and can be

directly addressed through Meaningful Student Involvement. Marketers see that students in

schools are a captive audience for their products, and target those students. There is a lot of

research that shows commercialization in schools can have negative impacts on student

learning, physical and emotional health, and their ability to become successfully engaged in

economic activities.

What It Looks Like

Anytime private companies or organizations extend their brand, logo, name or footprint

into schools, that is an example of commercialization in schools. This takes a lot of different

forms, including:

 Notebooks or school book covers that are advertisements.

 Buses with advertisements inside or outside of them.

 School activities and atheletics sponsored by businesses that receive advertising opportunities in

exchange.

 Hallways, elevators, classrooms and other school spaces with logos, brands or other commercial

images, mottos, etc.

 Curriculum that reflects commercial influence, including names, concepts or specific approaches

to learning and teaching in schools.

 Curriculum donated or sold to schools at decreased costs that reflects corporate or commercial

interests and influences, whether from nonprofits or businesses.

 School television, internet and radio commercial campaigns.

 Product samples of any kind distributed to students.

Where Meaningful Student Involvement Fits

Countering this story on many levels, Meaningful Student Involvement uses skill

development, knowledge sharing and intentional Student/Adult Partnerships to create a counter-

narrative to the predominantly passive expectations marketers have for students today. For

instance, Meaningful Student Involvement can:

 Show concrete examples of students actively, positively and powerfully creating and co-creating

educative experiences throughout the education system

 Demonstrate how private, commercial entities (including companies and nonprofits) have

different motives from schools (profit increases and brand loyalty over civic engagement and

educational attainment)

 Empower students to see commercial influence and sensitize them to the effects and impact of

private influences on education

 Raise the awareness of students and adults about the presence and harms of commercialism in

schools while revealing the conflicts between public education and private influence and control

over schools

 Position students as more than passive recipients of commercialism in schools by making them

researchers, planners, teachers, evaluators, decision-makers and advocates who see

the entire picture of education instead of just the parts adults choose to reveal to them.
 All of this action can secure excellent outcomes for students, educators and the entire

school community. Maybe the most important is that in addition to learning the value of choice

and freedom, students can also internalize the responsible management of public, shared spaces

and promote those into future generations as well.

Kumar, Rohit (2011), “Stop Commercialization of Education”

Commercialization of education will become a curse to generation very soon. Rich

people are buying education, occupying institutions driving common & middle class people out

of the sight. Middle class are finding difficult to enroll their kids/ children in school/ colleges as

there is no good colleges left for them and private colleges are beyond their imagination.

Commercialization of education is playing havoc with both education and student’s

career. It is on boom in India these days and its starting was from the days of boom in many

sectors when many private companies opened their training centers giving diplomas and degrees

in various town & cities of every state. Most of which failed and ran away with hard earned

money of people. Similarly, the concept of Distance Education launched by the Union

government is purely business model behind it because whenever students miss any deadline he

has to pay the fines but if university misses all deadlines no measures will be taken in that case.

It is alleged that students never receive the study material on time. Private universities are

making money but are not providing services to the students. Dispatch of syllabus, study material

is not done. No deadlines are mentioned for the staff to provide books and other required things

to students on time. Institutions are not giving study material to the students it certainly means

that they are just selling degrees; it’s shameful that nobody is there to take care of these things.

No one is raising a voice against them...

We all know that efforts are being made to reach a required standard of education. The

government of India is also trying its best to stop the commercialization in education and to give

quality education to the students. But we will be able to abolish the commercialization from

education; it is still not sure.

Commercialization and education There have been considerable changes in the world in

last two decades. It is true that the education system should change with time and must include

some advance technological features, methods, and variations with changing times. I believe that

imparting education is the most sacred work in the world. Education has been recognized as the

spine of the learning society. In the late 90s, private education in India was started initially for

philanthropic purposes. Education was provided free without any materialistic intentions. What

is new about today’s commercial practices in Indian education is not their existence, but their

purposes and quality. While it is true that education must evolve with time, the founding purpose

of education must be kept above all. In marketing, there is a concept of Demand & Supply. If

supply exceed demand, then it devalues the product and vice versa. This concept can be applied

to the education sector also, as the supply of the talent pool is far exceeding the demand, which is

devaluing the education (Bhatia, 2012, para. 4). Higher Education in India used to be an

aspiration for middle and lower-class people in 80’s because of very limited access and poor

economic condition of families. Post economic liberalization and with the opening of education

sector, these classes of society grabbed the opportunity available to fulfill their dream without

taking quality into consideration (Bhatia, 2011-2012, para. 6). Thus, it also changed the

traditional concepts of education in Indian society, including student-teacher relationships,

educational purposes, and attitudes towards knowledge. While it is difficult to predict its future,

we would certainly benefit from examining the current status of commercialization of education
in India. Tilak (2015) says if one reviews developments in higher education during the 1st two-

three decades, one notices six major global trends in higher education, viz., (a) rapid expansion

of higher education, (b) decline in public subsidies for higher education, (c) increase in cost-

recovery, particularly through student fees and student loans, and generation of funds from

corporate sector and other segments of the society (d) neglect of COMMERCIALIZATION OF

TERTIARY EDUCATION IN INDIA 14 liberal arts, humanities, sciences, and social sciences,

(d) adoption of new market modes of higher education that include privatisation and

commoditisation, and (f) internationalisation of a new type (p. 43).

 CHAPTER III

INTRODUCTION

The qualitative design was used in this study. In-depth individual interviews were

conducted with the teachers from elementary school around Guimba to know and understand the

hazards and benefits of commercialization of education. The method was based on different

theoretical methodology, as the researcher wishes to interpret and describe the hazards and

benefits of commercialization of education. Purposive non-probability sampling was made use

of. Semi- structured, one-to-one interviews were be conducted, and analyses using the thematic

content analysis.

The study was conducted to help not only the elementary teachers but also the teacher

who teach high school and colleges and students in all level. The target of the research are the

teachers on both public and private school. It aims was to improve the teachers and students

hobbits, boost critical thinking, and teaching techniques on both teachers and students through

the use of this research. Improving education through the help of research will be more possible

not only in the elementary department but also to the different grade levels by applying the

proper use of research in teaching and studying.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The qualitative design using semi-structured one-to-one interviews was utilized for data

collection. The researcher sought in-depth understanding of the perceptions of research as it is

impact to the improvement to education on elementary teachers on both public and private

school.
SAMPLING METHODS

The samples will be collected from the elementary teachers. The teachers are those from

public and private elementary school from Guimba Nueva Ecija. The researcher will interview

all teacher on elementary department in both public and private area. The data collected form the

despondence was, nonetheless enough to have a meaningful results.

Non-probability purposive sampling will be used as information-rich participants are

sought. The participants had the characteristics and knowledge needed by the researcher. The

participants will be able to provide the researcher with the information the he needed regarding

the improvement of science education with the contribution of research.

INSTRUMENT USE

Semi-structured which are interviews that allow the researcher have flexibility in the way

he/she will be asked questions were utilized in interviewing the teachers and students. The

researcher wished to accurately capture the data and as the result all the interviews were tape-

recorded. After the interviews were transcribed and analysed, the data will be destroyed for the

confidentiality purposes.

DATA COLLECTION

The elementary teachers will be asked to interview by one-by-one. The researcher then

briefed the participants about the study and gave them the information Sheet, and informed them

that participation is voluntary. The participants will be given a choice if they wanted to be a part

of the study or not. From the response that the researcher will received. All the participants, who

are present, wanted to be a part of the study. The participants will fill questionnaire which the
researcher provided them with. The questionnaire is a mean through which the participants

identified themselves to the researcher.

The participants will request to sign the consent from stating that they understand that

participation is voluntary. The tape- recording or voice recording consent form is then presented

to them, which will be asked for their permission for the interviews to be tape or voice recording.

The researcher wishes to be transparent in his work, and as a result, the participants are given the

interview guideline. The interview guideline is firstly to help them better prepare for the

interviews. Secondly, the interview guideline aided in providing information-rich answers, as the

participants have time to prepare for the interviews.

The teachers will be interviewed individually in a private and quiet room, at the school

premises. Semi-structured, one-to-one interviews are use as in depth information of the teachers

understanding are needed, and also to allow the researcher some degree of flexibility (De Vos et

al., 2002). Teachers will be interviewed in one month, with 5-10 participants being interview

each day. The tape/ voice recorder allowed the researcher to record fully and accurately what

was being said rather than taking notes during the interviews. According to De Vos et al., (2002)

it was very useful to make use of a tape/ voice recorder because the researcher is able to

concentrate on what was said in the interviews so that she/he could think about a follow-up

question.

DATA ANALYSIS

The thematic content analysis is use to analyse the interview data. This analysis method

comprised of five step, namely: Transcription, Checking and Editing, Analysis and

Interpretation, and Verification. (Kartson, undated: Sarantakos, 1998).

Step 1: Transcription

 The researcher transferred tape recorded data onto paper, and read it to get an idea

of what the data is about.

Step 2: Checking and Editing

 The data is divided into smaller related (meaning) units. This will be achieving by

reading each paragraph and recording the themes that are in every paragraph.

Similar themes are then group together to make related units.

Step 3: Analysis and Interpretation

 Psychological meaning will be used to interpret the themes, from step 2. This can

be achieving by using the researcher understands of the themes that are presented.

The psychological interpretation is then use as the facts.

Step 4: Generalization

 The differences and similarities, between the different interviews are identified,

allowing typologies to develop.

Step 5: Validation

 Validity of the data will be check by going through the transcripts again, and

allowing my colleague to read it as well- so as to validates the findings.

 The central theme is then obtained (Kartsson, Krippendorff, 1980; Sarantakos,

1998)
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

The participants will be informed about all the steps that are to be taken in this

research. The participants are more important than the study, and therefore always respected. The

participants will be informed that the study is completely voluntary, and will not affect their

performance in the schools, in any ways. Confidentiality is provided, as the subjects’ identifying

information is not sought. The data collection materials will be destroyed on completion of the

study.