Lesson Plan in Mathematics 10

I. Weekly Objectives
A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of combinatorics and
probability.
B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to use precise counting technique and probability in
formulating conclusions and making decisions.
C. Learning Competencies/Objectives
1. Illustrates events, and union and intersection of events using Venn diagram
2. Define the compound event and mutually exclusive events
3. Solve probabilities of union and intersection of event
4. Apply real life lesson involving union and intersection of events
5. Participate actively in class discussion

II. Concept: Statistics and Probability

III. Learning Resources
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages:279-292
2. Learner’s Materials pages: 330-340
3. Textbook pages:_________
4. Additional Materials from Learning Resource (LR)portal:
B. Other Learning Resources
Internet, Google
IV. Procedures
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Presentation of the Objectives of the Lesson

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

Ok everyone kindly pass a ¼ sheet of Every students inside the class will pass their
paper with your names and date today. ¼ sheet of paper containing their names.
This will serve as our attendance.

C. Reviewing yesterday’s lesson or Presenting the new lesson

Last time we discuss how to get the probability The formula to find the probability of
of simple events. event A is given by:
Who can give me the formula to find the 𝑛(𝐴)
probability of event A ? P(A) = 𝑛(𝑆)
; where n(A) is the total
number of element in A, and n(S) is the
‘ Very Good ‘
total number of sample space.
So for example: To get the probability we use the formula
What is the probability of getting #3 when 𝑛(𝐴) 1
P(A) = 𝑛(𝑆) OR P(3) = 6
rolling a six sided die ?

Since in 6 sided die there just a single

number 3, and there are 6 possible
‘Very good’ outcomes such as ( 1,2,3,4,5,6 )

How about the probability of picking a

cards of heart in a deck of card?
To get the probability we use the same
formula

𝑛(𝐴)
P(A) = 𝑛(𝑆) OR
13
P(cards of heart) = 52
Since there are 13 cards of heart in a
deck of cards and there are 52 cards in 1
‘Very Good ‘ deck.

So base on your own analyzation what can

you say about Simple Events ? Base on my own opinion simple event is
an event that have just only one
outcome.

‘Very good’

Simple Event is any event which consists

of a single outcome in the sample space.

D. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Now that we already know how to solve

the probability of simple events lets now
discuss what is compound event.

But before that let us recall some of your

knowledge in Sets that you have already
studied during your 1st year.

How do you read this ? A U B A UNION B

‘OK Very Good’

How about this one A ∩ B A INTERSECTION B

Very Good

This one ? A’ A Prime or not A or B compliment

So who can illustrate those given sets

using venn diagram ?
Any one ?

A U B

A B

Very good

A ∩ B

Very good A B

A’

Very good
A

It’s a good thing that you still know the

concepts of set because at this point in
time where going to study the probability
of events using the concepts of sets.

So lets go back to compound events

Who among you have an idea what

compound event is ? If a simple event is
an event having a single outcome, how
For me, I think sir compound event is an
about compound event ?
event having more than just one outcomes.
Very good.

So for in short a compound event consist

of 2 or more simple events.

For example;

What is the probability of getting a #4 and

#1 when rolling a 6 sided die ?

Who wants to try to solve ?

Ok very good. 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6 or 1/3

How about what is the probability of

getting a head and tail when tossing a
coin?
Its 0 sir, since there just only 2 outcomes in
tossing a coin. So once the head happenthe
tail is impossible to come up.

That’s right!

So that’s the compound events

How about mutually exclusive events?

Any idea from the class? Mutually exclusive event is an event that
cannot occur both at the same time.
Ok that’s right meaning mutually exclusive
events always have different outcomes.
That’s why when one event happen it
prevents another one to happen again.

Like our previous example in tossing a

coin. That’s is an example of mutually
exclusive event since once the one
outcome happen the other one willnot
going to happen anymore.

Another example;

Let us say that our experiment is rolling a

I think sir this is not an example of mutually
die. Event A is getting #4, and event B is
exclusive event since the event A is getting
getting an even numbers. So base on our
#4 and the event B is getting an even
definition do you think this is an example
numbers and as we all know 4 is an even
of mutually exclusive event or not ?
number.
That right! Very Good.

How about let say our experiment is

drawing a ¼ paper that you passed a while
ago. Then event A is getting a male, and Still that is not an example of mutually
event B is getting the paper of Bryan. exclusive event sir, because event A is
getting a male and bryan is a male . so
Again base on our definition of mutually
event A and B can happen both at the same
eclusive events do you think event A and
time
B are mutually exclusive or not?
Yes it is! Because that 2 events cant happen
But what if I let my event A is getting a
both at the same time since bryan is a male
female and event be remain the same.
and our event A is getting female.
Getting the paper of bryan. Do you think
clas this is an example of mutaully
exclusive event or not ?

So what is your observation about the

events that is mutually exclusive and not
mutually exclusive ?

Anyone ?
When the 2 events have some elements in
common in their sample space it is not
mutually exclusive.
‘Ok very good ‘

If the 2 events have some intersections or

even one, then thats enough to say that
the events are not mutually exclusive.

Understood ?
Yes sir..
Lets make some examples with solutions.

Let say my experiments is rolling a die.

Event A = ( 1,3 ) Event B = ( 2,4 )

Then waht is the probability of getting

either A or B ?
I think sir we must solve first the
Who have some idea on how we can get probability of each events.
that probabilty ?

Ok thats right we must need to solve first

the individual probability of the 2 events.

So what is the probability of event A? Using our formula for simple event , we
obtain the probability of event A = 1/3
2
P(1,3) = 6 OR 1/3
How about the probability of event B?
Using the same formula it still 1/3 sir..
Very good!
2
P(2,4) = 6 OR 1/3

So wha tis the next step ? any one ?

In the lesson of your set, when you here

the word ‘or’ it refers to what ?
It means Union, So we must cpmbine all
Very good.. the elemets

So the P ( A U B ) = P(A) + P(B)

On the board who wants to solve ? P( A U B ) = P(A) + P(B)

P(A U B) = 1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3

Veru good, since its Union of the 2

probabilities we just simply count the
number of elements in event A and B
then divide to total number of possible
out comes.

Who can illustarate it using a venn

diagram ?

Yess.. A B

How about this example; 3 4

Same experiment rolling a die, But this 1 2

time event A = ( 2,4,6 ) and event
B = ( 4,5,6 )

Using the the steps we did a while ago

who can solve it on the board ?

Anyone ?
 Performing the same steps we have;

𝑁(𝐴)
P(A) =
𝑁(𝑆)

P( 2,4,6 ) = 3/6 OR ½ for event A

P( 4,5,6 ) = 3/6 OR ½ for event B

SO event A + event B = 1
So what have you observe to their
probability ?
It is 1 or 100%
Thats right!

But our elements in event is A = ( 2,4,6 )

and in event B = ( 4,5,6 ),

Have you notice that? Yes there have some error since it might
be 1 or 3 comes up when you roll a die
but in our event A and B there is no 1
and 3.

Thats a very good observation!

So who can illustrate it using a venn

diagram ?
A B

2 4,6 5

Very good!

Meaning in this example A and B are

not mutually exclusive, as I have said a
while ago if the events have even one
intersection thats enough to say that the
events are not mutually exclusive.

What happened in this example is we

count the probability of 4,6 twicw thats
why the result become 100% which is
wrong since it is possible to have 1 and
3.

So what are we going to do to get the

right answer? We must need to get rid of that
intersections, so we need to subtract it.

Thats right! Then if the events are not

mutually exclusive we are now going to
use this formula

P ( A U B ) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A ∩ B )

So that we’re not counting the

probability of their intersection twice.
 E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills # 1

So in ½ cross wise answer the ff.

Questions by pair.

1 If each of the 13. Outcomes in the

sample space is equally likely. Find the 1.
probability of the ff. a. 4/13
a. P(A) = ? b. 5/13
c. 8/13
b. P(B) = ?
c. P( A or B ) = ? d. 1/13
d. P( A and B) = ?

2. Classify each event as mutually 2.

exclusive or not.
a. NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
a. A card is drawn from standard deck.
b. NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
Event A – A face card is selected
c. MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
Event B – A diamond is selected

b. 2 dice are thrown

event A – The dice both show the same

value.

Event B – The sum of the numbers is 8

c. 2 dice are thrown

event A – The dice both show the same

value.

Event B – The sum of the numbers is 9

 F. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills # 2

It is often useful to use Venn diagram to Learner’s Answer:

visualize the probabilities of events. Study
the Venn diagram and answer the 1. The total number of the students in
questions that follow. (Do this by Pair) the Senior class is 345
2. The probability of those students
The extracurricular activities in which the who participated in the athletics is
senior class at Sta. Lucia High School 159/345.
participate are shown below. 3. The probability that the student
participates in athletics or drama is
227/345
4. The probability that the student
participates only in drama and
band is 30/345.

(See Activity 3 on page 332 of LM)

G. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills # 2

Teacher will ask the following questions: Learners will answer:

1. How were you able to find the 1. By using the concept we have
total number of students in the learned in Venn diagram.
senior class? 2. The use of “or” means union of
2. How does the concept of set help sets and the use of “and” means
you in finding the intersection and intersection of sets.
union of two or more events? 3. A U B means union of sets, while
3. What are some notations that are A Ռ B means intersection. They
used in your study of sets in are important in the concept of
previous years that you can apply joining or intersecting of events in
on these topics? How they are the probability. To visualize easily
important in the study of the situation.
probability of compound events?

Since you know already what a union and

intersection of event is, you are now ready Learners will do the Activity individually.
for solving more problems on this concept.

Do Activity 7 on page 338 of your LM’s.

H. Developing mastery

Teacher will let the students do Activity 8

on page 339 of LM.
Learners will do the Activity individually
Discussion of answers will follow
 I. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

The concept of compound event can be

used when there are two or more situations
or problems that sometimes overlapped or
How would you use the concept of just joined together. We need to see that
compound event in real life situation? whatever the circumstances are, there is
always a solution to it.

J. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

What is the formula for mutually exclusive P ( A U B ) = P(A) + P(B)

events ?

What is the formula if the events are not

mutually exclusive.? P ( A U B ) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A ∩ B )

What do you call to the events the consist Compound events

of 2 or more simple events

K. Evaluating learning
A. Determine wether the following are mutually exclusive or not
1. P(A) = 1/8 P(B) = 2/5 P( A and B ) = 0
2. P(A) = 2/5 P(B) = 1/5 P( A or B ) = 3/5
3. P(A) = 0.3 P(B) = 0.4 P( A or B ) = 0.6
B. Use the given information to determine the probability of given events
1. P(A) = 3/5 P(B) = 1/3 A,B are mutually exclusive find P ( A or B )
2. P(A) = 0.4 P(B) = 0.2 P ( A and B ) = 0.15 find P ( A or B )
3. P(A) = 0.4 P(B) = 0.3 P ( A and B ) = 0.65 find P ( A and B )

L. Additional activities for application or remediation

Do Activity 9 page 340 on Learner’s Module

V. Reflection
I expect that there will be an 80% passing the assessment. There could be 20%
learners who need additional activities for remediation. Remediation can be done
 right after the Assessment to realize the outcome of 100% passing the remedial test.
Remedial class will work. No need to have another remediation. The collaborative
learning helped a lot in achieving all the objectives presented.

Prepared by: Mark Kevin M. Geradez ( Students Teacher )

Maria Ave B. Roque ( Critic Teacher )