Proceedings of Soft Soils 2016 , September 27-28th 2016

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT TO CONTAMINATED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

ON NGIPIK OPEN DUMPING WASTE IN GRESIK RESIDENCE
1 2 3
Nila Sutra , Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro and Dwa Desa Warnana

ABSTRACT: Open dumping waste in Ngipik, Gresik has still not possessed a good liner system to prevent the
leachate penetration to the surrounding natural soil. The characterization of the subsurface structure and subsoil
characteristics are investigated on the monsoon season using the geo-resistivity and very low frequency (VLF)
methods. The undisturbed and disturbed natural soil sample is taken from the different soil conditions. The
proposed paper is aimed to better understand the correlation between the subsurface structure and subsoil
characteristics to the various soil contamination level.

Keywords: geo-resistivity, leachate, liner, open dumping waste, soil contamination.

INTRODUCTION For further purpose, it is firstly needed to

investigate the characteristic of the soil surrounding
Gresik is one of residence in East Java that has the landfill. The undisturbed and disturbed natural
problems in managing waste. Gresik only has one soil sample is taken from the different soil conditions.
landfill, Ngipik Landfill, which is located in The proposed paper is aimed to better understand the
Petrokimia industrial area and operated since 2002. correlation between the subsurface structure and
The area of Ngipik Landfill is approximately 6 subsoil characteristics to the various soil
hectares and the disposal zone area is around 4 contamination level.
hectares. The amount of waste in Ngipik Landfill is
624,72 m3 per day, 187,42 tons per day with the
waste density 300 kg/m3. (Agustina, 2013) The LITERATURE REVIEW
location of Ngipik Landfill shown in Figure 1.
Leachate

Leachate is a liquid that passes through refuse

which has extracted and suspended from the waste
reaction. Leachate results from moisture that exists in
the waste when it is composed (Raghab et al, 2013).
Sanitary landfill leachate The chemical substances on
leachate are Ca, CaCO3, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Si, Al, Cl,
SO4 and amoniac which will contaminate the
Figure 1. Study Location groundwater around landfill if there are no barrier. It
has been proved by Endah et al (1995) on Sukolilo
Ngipik landfill still use the conventional method Surabaya Landfill where the water quality parameters
for disposing the waste. The conventional method exceeded the health limit, and the water on wells
called open dumping waste. Open dumping waste is a nearby the landfill have the same chemical
very simple method by piling up wastes without soil substances as leachate from the landfill. If leachates
cover and no barrier soil beneath (Moore, 2002). By migrate from the site, they contaminate ground or
using open dumping method, leachate will easily surface water (Rail, 2000).
pollute natural soil and groundwater around landfill.

1
Nila Sutra, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (Civil Engineering), nila.sutra@gmail.com, INDONESIA
2
Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (Civil Engineering), ria@ce.its.ac.id, INDONESIA
3
Dwa Desa Warnana, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (Geophysics), dwa_desa@geofisika.its.ac.id, INDONESIA

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Waste Characteristics Firstly, the characteristics of the disturbed soil
will be analyzed. The laboratory investigation for
The characteristics of waste in Ngipik Open disturbed soil includes Atterberg Limit Test,
Dumping Waste is shown in Table 1. Standard Proctor Compaction Test and Sieve
Analysis. The undisturbed soil will also be
Table 1. Waste Characteristics in Ngipik Landfill investigated on laboratory by Volumetry and
Parameter Unit Ammount Gravimetry test. The chemical contents of both soil
Moisture content % 37,46 will be carried out to better understand leachate
Volatile solid % 15,14 penetration depth.
Carbon % 63,77 Furthermore, There are two monitoring wells in
Hydrogen % 6,96 Ngipik Landfill area that the water will also be taken
Oxygen % 28,77 and investigated in laboratory to gain the
Nytrogen % 0,5 contamination level of groundwater surrounding,
(Agustina, 2013) validated by the soil resistivity and FLV test ongoing
on field. The water is taken from 3 (three) locations,
Leachate Characteristics from each monitoring wells and from the lake nearby
Ngipik Landfill to see the contamination level. The
The characteristics of leachate in Ngipik Landfil, location of monitoring wells shown on Figure 2 and
Gresik Residence is shown in Table 2. methodology of this study are shown on Figure 3.

Start
Table 2. Leachate Characteristics in Ngipik Landfill
Parameter Unit Ammount
BOD mg/L 2876
Literature Review
COD mg/L 4640
Salinity ppt 6,01
(Agustina, 2013)
Field Investigation
METHODOLOGY

In this research, the primary data will be taken

from Ngipik Open Dumping Waste in Gresik Soil Water &
Regency by soil sampling. The laboratory Soil Sampling Resistivity & Leachate
FLV test Sampling
investigation will be conducted to gain the
contaminated and uncontaminated soil characteristics
of Ngipik Landfill. The soil is taken from 3 (three) Laboratory Quality Test
locations; Two points nearby monitoring wells and Investigation
one point far from the waste, approximately 200 m
from the waste, in order to gain the natural
uncontaminated soil. Contamination
Mapping
Natural Soil

Contaminated Uncontaminated
Soil Soil

Result
analysis

Conclusion

Finish
Figure 2. Research Location Detail
Figure 3. Methodology

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION

Water Quality This study is still being carried out on field and
laboratory. Especially for the soil characteristics.
Water quality of the water taken from two Study for the water quality has been conducted. So
monitoring wells in Ngipik Landfill area and the lake another test will also be conducted due to the
nearby are shown on Table 3. objectives of this study.
The result shows that the water from Ngipik lake
Table 3. Water Quality on Ngipik Landfill Area are contaminated more than the water from
Parameter Unit MW1 MW2 Lake monitoring well. We can see from the TDS result of
TDS ppt 1,87 4,92 500e3 lake water compared to the water from monitoring
Salinity ppt 1,41 3,69 369e3 wells. But from pH value, water from the monitoring
pH - 7,14 6,91 8,11 wells have lower pH value than water from lake.
ORP mV 217 223 224 According to Gray (1981), pH value of leachate is
MW = Monitoring Well around 5.2-7.3. So the water from monitoring wells
have a closer value. The salinity of the water from
Soil Characteristics monitoring wells also have the closer value to the
leachate’s. The value of salinity in leachate is 6,01
The soil taken from 3 (three) boreholes on field ppt and from Monitoring 1 and 2 are 1,41 ppt and
are dominated with clay with SPT value varied from 3,69 ppt respectively. Otherwise the salinity of water
2 to 5 blows on the surface soil until 5 meter depth. from the lake is much higher. We can conclude that
Based on Bowles (1988), the soil consistency of the the water from monitoring wells are still influenced
first 5 meter of soil depth in Ngipik landfill can be by the leachate from Ngipik Open Dumping Waste,
chategorized as a very soft clay. BH-1 taken from and water from lake is not. Because water from the
the point nearby Monitoring Well 1, BH-2 taken lake, most likely got seepage from the Java Sea.
from the point nearby Monitoring Well 2, and BH-3 Another water quality parameter is Oxidation/
taken from the point far from the waste. Reduction Potential, ORP. If ORP is low this might
Approximately 200 meters from the waste. N-SPT be due to organic pollution or lack of oxygen or both.
value shows on Figure 3. The soil is typical from the It may also mean more sulphides and ammonia. Most
3 (three) boreholes. Until 5 meters soil still classified surface waters have an ORP value of from 100 – 200
as very soft clay, and the next depth varied from mV with cleaner oxygenated water getting up to 400
medium to stiff clay in 10 to 30 meters depth. mV. If the ORP value gets below about 200 mV then
this indicates reduced levels of dissolved oxygen.
ORP value of the waters studied are around 217-224
mV, it means that ORP value for the waters are
normal.

REFERENCES

Agustina, Ummy Arofah. (2013). Effect Of Leachate

Recirculation On Solid Waste Degradation Rate
In Ngipik Landfill Gresik. ITS Undergraduate
Thesis of Environment Engineering, RSL 628.42
Umm p.
Bowles J.E. (1988). Foundation Analysis and Design.
Fourth Edition, Mc Graw-Hill, Inc.
Endah, N. and L. Pudjiastuti. (1995). The effect of
Leachate on Surabaya MSW in Sukolilo Landfill
to Water Quality of Resident’s Wells Around.
Research Institution, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
Nopember.
Gray, Donald H. (1981). Leachate and Waste
Properties Critical to Land Disposal. University
of Michigan.
Figure 3. SPT Value of Soil on Ngipik Landfill

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Moore, Gary S. (2002). Living with Earth: Concepts
in Environmental Health Science, Second Edition.
CRC Press LLC, USA.
Raghab, S M., Meguid, A., and Hegazi, H. A. (2013).
Treatment of Leachate from Municipal Solid
Waste Landfill. HRBC Journal Vol (2): 187-192.
Rail, Chester D. (2000). Groundwater
Contamination: Source and Hydrology, Volume 1.
Technology & Engineering. CRC Press.

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