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IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series 69.
Ternary Alcohol–Hydrocarbon–Water
Systems
Adam Skrzecza…
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
David Shaw
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.
Andrzej Maczynski
Contributor and Evaluator
Adam Skrzecz
Received September 12, 1998
The mutual solubilities of ternary systems containing alcohols, hydrocarbons and water
are reviewed. An exhaustive search of the literature was attempted for numerical data on
all alcohols and hydrocarbons which are liquid at STP. Data were found for alcohols with
up to nine carbon atoms, but mostly with fewer than four carbons. Data for a variety of
hydrocarbon structural types were found including alkane, alkene, and arene. A total of
205 original studies treating 116 ternary systems which have been published through
1992 are compiled. For 47 systems sufficient data were available to allow critical evalu-
ation. All solubility data are expressed as mass and mole fractions as well as the origi-
nally reported units. Similar reviews of the related binary systems have previously been
prepared for the Solubility Data Series. © 1999 American Institute of Physics and
American Chemical Society. 关S0047-2689共99兲00304-9兴
Key words: aqueous solutions; hydrocarbons; solubility alcohols.
Contents 3. Methanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993

1. Preface to the Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987 3.1. ⫹ Propane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993
1.1. References to the Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 3.2. ⫹ Butane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993
2. Introduction to the Solubility Data Series. 3.3. ⫹ 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994
3.4. ⫹ Benzene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995
Solubility of Liquids in Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988
3.5. ⫹ Cyclohexene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002
2.1. Nature of the Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988
3.6. ⫹ Cyclohexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004
2.2. Compilations and Evaluations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 988
3.7. ⫹ 1-Hexene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008
2.2.1. Compilations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 3.8. ⫹ Hexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008
2.2.2. Evaluations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989 3.9. ⫹ Toluene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011
2.3. Quantities and Units Used in Compilation 3.10. ⫹ 1-Heptene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014
and Evaluation of Solubility Data. . . . . . . . . . 990 3.11. ⫹ Heptane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015
2.3.1 Mixtures, Solutions, and Solubilities... 990 3.12. ⫹ p-Xylene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018
2.3.2 Physicochemical Quantities and Units.. 990 3.13. ⫹ Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020
2.4. References to the Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . 992 3.14. ⫹ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021
3.15. ⫹ Octane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023
a兲
Electronic mail: skrzecz@ichf.edu.pl
3.16. ⫹ Mesitylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025
©1999 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States.
3.17. ⫹ Nonane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026
3.18. ⫹ 1-Methylnaphthalene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027
All rights reserved. This copyright is assigned to the American Institute of
Physics and the American Chemical Society. 4. Ethanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027
Reprints available from ACS; see Reprints List at back of issue. 4.1. ⫹ Benzene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027
0047-2689/99/28„4…/983/253/$117.00 983 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999
This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP:
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984 SKRZECZ, SHAW, AND MACZYNSKI
4.2. ⫹ Cyclohexene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043 8.1. ⫹ 1-Butene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

4.3. ⫹ Cyclohexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045 8.2. ⫹ Benzene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1174
4.4. ⫹ 2,2-Dimethylbutane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1052 8.3. ⫹ Cyclohexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176
4.5. ⫹ Hexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053 8.4. ⫹ Toluene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179
4.6. ⫹ Toluene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059 8.5. ⫹ 1-Heptene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180
4.7. ⫹ Methylcyclohexane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1066 8.6. ⫹ Heptane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181
4.8. ⫹ 1-Heptene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1066 8.7. ⫹ p-Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181
4.9. ⫹ Heptane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067 8.8. ⫹ 2,4,4-Trimethylpentene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182
4.10. ⫹ m-Xylene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072 8.9. ⫹ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183
4.11. ⫹ o-Xylene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077 8.10. ⫹ Mesitylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185
4.12. ⫹ p-Xylene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080 8.11. ⫹ Tetradecane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186
4.13. ⫹ 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084 9. 1-Butanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186
4.14. ⫹ 1-Octene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084 9.1. ⫹ Benzene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186
4.15. ⫹ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085 9.2. ⫹ Cyclohexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1189
4.16. ⫹ Octane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088 9.3. ⫹ Hexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191
4.17. ⫹ Mesitylene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089 9.4. ⫹ Toluene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194
4.18. ⫹ Nonane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092 9.5. ⫹ 1-Heptene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198
4.19. ⫹ 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo关3.1.1兴hept-2-ene.. 1093 9.6. ⫹ Heptane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198
4.20. ⫹ Decahydronaphthalene 共cis⫹trans兲. . . . . . 1093 9.7. ⫹ p-Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199
4.21. ⫹ Decane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094 9.8. ⫹ Mesitylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199
5. 1-Propanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095 10. 2-Butanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200
5.1. ⫹ Benzene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095 10.1. ⫹ Butane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200
5.2. ⫹ Cyclohexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100 10.2. ⫹ Benzene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
5.3. ⫹ Hexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103 10.3. ⫹ Cyclohexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203
5.4. ⫹ Toluene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109 10.4. ⫹ Toluene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206
5.5. ⫹ 1-Heptene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113 10.5. ⫹ 1-Heptene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209
5.6. ⫹ Heptane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114 10.6. ⫹ Heptane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209
5.7. ⫹ p-Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119 10.7. ⫹ p-Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210
5.8. ⫹ Octane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120 10.8. ⫹ Mesitylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211
5.9. ⫹ Mesitylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 11. 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212
5.10. ⫹ Nonane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123 11.1. ⫹ 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212
5.11. ⫹ Decane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126 12. 1-Pentanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212
6. 2-Propanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130 12.1. ⫹ Benzene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212
6.1. ⫹ Benzene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130 12.2. ⫹ Hexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213
6.2. ⫹ Cyclohexene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138 12.3. ⫹ Heptane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216
6.3. ⫹ Cyclohexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139 13. 2-Pentanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216
6.4. ⫹ Hexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145 13.1. ⫹ Heptane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216
6.5. ⫹ Toluene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148 14. 1-Hexanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
6.6. ⫹ 1-Heptene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153 14.1. ⫹ Heptane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
6.7. ⫹ Heptane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153 15. Benzyl alcohol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
6.8. ⫹ m-Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156 15.1. ⫹ Hexane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
6.9. ⫹ o-Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157 15.2. ⫹ Toluene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1218
6.10. ⫹ p-Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1158 15.3. ⫹ Heptane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
6.11. ⫹ Ethylbenzene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159 15.4. ⫹ 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene. . . . . . . . . . 1220
6.12. ⫹ 1,7-Octadiene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1160 16. ␣ -Methyl-benzenemethanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . 1221
6.13. ⫹ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1161 16.1. ⫹ Ethylbenzene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221
6.14. ⫹ Octane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1162 17. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221
6.15. ⫹ Mesitylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1163 17.1. ⫹ Hexane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221
6.16. ⫹ Nonane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164 17.2. ⫹ Decahydronaphthalene 共cis⫹trans兲. . . . . . 1222
7. 2-Methyl-1-propanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165 18. 1-Octanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222
7.1. ⫹ Benzene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165 18.1. ⫹ Pentane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222
7.2. ⫹ Cyclohexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167 18.2. ⫹ Benzene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223
7.3. ⫹ Toluene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170 18.3. ⫹ Hexane*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223
7.4. ⫹ 1-Heptene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171 18.4. ⫹ Heptane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225
7.5. ⫹ p-Xylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171 19. 1-Nonanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1226
7.6. ⫹ Mesitylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172 19.1. ⫹ Naphthalene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1226
8. 2-Methyl-2-propanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173 20. System Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

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IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES 985
21. Registry Number Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1231 system ethanol–toluene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059

22. Author Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1232 27. Calculated compositions along the saturation
*Note: an asterisk 共*兲 indicates presence of a Critical Evalu- curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059
ation 28. Summary of experimental data for the system
ethanol–heptane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067
List of Tables 29. Calculated compositions along the saturation
1. Interconversions between quantities used as curve at 298.2 K.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068
measures of solubilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991 30. Summary of experimental data for the system
2. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–m-xylene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
methanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 31. Calculated compositions along the saturation
3. Characteristic points on the binoidal curve of the curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
system methanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 32. Characteristic points on the binoidal curve of the
4. Calculated compositions along the saturation system ethanol–m-xylene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
curve at 293.2 K.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 33. Summary of experimental data for the system
5. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–o-xylene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
methanol–cyclohexene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002 34. Calculated compositions along the saturation
6. Summary of experimental data for the system curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
methanol–cyclohexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004 35. Summary of experimental data for the system
7. Calculated compositions along the saturation ethanol–p-xylene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080
curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004 36. Calculated compositions along the saturation
methanol–hexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008 37. Summary of experimental data for the system
9. Calculated compositions along the saturation ethanol–2,3,4-trimethylpentane–water. . . . . . . . . . 1085
curve at 293.2 K 共hexane-poor phase兲. . . . . . . . . . 1008 38. Calculated compositions along the saturation
methannol–toluene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 39. Summary of experimental data for the system
11. Calculated compositions along the saturation ethanol–mesitylene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089
methanol–heptane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015 41. Summary of experimental data for the system
13. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095
methanol–p-xylene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018 42. Calculated compositions along the saturation
14. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095
curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018 43. Characteristic points on the binoidal curve of the
15. Summary of experimental data for the system system 1-propanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095
methanol-2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water. . . . . . . . . 1021 44. Summary of experimental data for the system
16. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–cyclohexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100
methanol–octane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023 45. Calculated compositions along the saturation
ethanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027 46. Summary of experimental data for the system
18. Characteristic points on the binoidal curve of the 1-propanol–hexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104
system ethanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028 47. Calculated compositions along the saturation
19. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104
curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028 48. Summary of experimental data for the system
20. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–toluene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109
ethanol–cyclohexene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043 49. Calculated compositions along the saturation
21. Summary of experimental data for the system curve 共hydrocarbon-rich phase兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . 1109
ethanol–cyclohexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045 50. Summary of experimental data for the system
22. Calculated compositions along the saturation 1-propanol–heptane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114
ethanol–hexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053 52. Summary of experimental data for the system
24. Calculated compositions along the saturation 1-propanol–octane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120
25. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–nonane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123
ethanol–toluene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059 54. Summary of experimental data for the system
26. Characteristic points on the binoidal curve of the 1-propanol–decane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
55. Calculated compositions along the saturation 1-pentanol–hexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213

56. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-octanol–hexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223
2-propanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130
57. Calculated compositions along the saturation List of Figures
curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130 1. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲–
58. Experimental plait points for the system benzene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996
2-propanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131 2. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲–
59. Summary of experimental data for the system cyclohexene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1002
2-propanol–cyclohexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139 3. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲–
60. Calculated compositions along the saturation cyclohexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1005
61. Summary of experimental data for the system hexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009
2-propanol–hexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145 5. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲–
62. Summary of experimental data for the system toluene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012
2-propanol–toluene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148 6. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲–
63. Calculated compositions along the saturation heptane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015
64. Summary of experimental data for the system p-xylene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018
2-propanol–heptane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153 8. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲–
65. Calculated compositions along the saturation 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K.. 1021
66. Summary of experimental data for the system octane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023
2-methyl-1-propanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . 1165 10. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–
67. Summary of experimental data for the system benzene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029
2-methyl-1-propanol–cyclohexane–water. . . . . . . . 1167 11. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–
68. Calculated compositions along the saturation cyclohexene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1043
curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167 12. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–
69. Summary of experimental data for the system cyclohexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1046
2-methyl-2-propanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . 1174 13. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–hexane
70. Summary of experimental data for the system 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054
2-methyl-2-propanol–cyclohexane–water. . . . . . . . 1176 14. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–toluene
71. Calculated compositions along the saturation 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060
72. Summary of experimental data for the system heptane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068
1-butanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186 16. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–
73. Summary of experimental data for the system m-xylene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
1-butanol–cyclohexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1189 17. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–
74. Calculated compositions along the saturation o-xylene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078
curve at 298.2 K 共organic-rich phase兲. . . . . . . . . . . 1189 18. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–
75. Summary of experimental data for the system p-xylene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081
1-butanol–hexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191 19. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲–
76. Calculated compositions along the saturation 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K.. 1086
77. Summary of experimental data for the system mesitylene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . 1090
1-butanol–toluene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194 21. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲–
78. Summary of experimental data for the system benzene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096
2-butanol–benzene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201 22. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲–
79. Summary of experimental data for the system cyclohexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1101
2-butanol–cyclohexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203 23. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲–
80. Calculated compositions along the saturation hexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105
curve at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203 24. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲–
81. Summary of experimental data for the system toluene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110
2-butanol–toluene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206 25. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲–
82. Calculated compositions along the saturation heptane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115
curve at 298.2 K 共organic-rich phase兲. . . . . . . . . . . 1206 26. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲–
83. Summary of experimental data for the system octane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
27. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲– types 共aliphatic, aromatic, unsaturated, etc.兲 which are liq-
nonane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124 uids at room temperature and pressure.
28. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲– A total of 205 original studies of 116 ternary systems are
decane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127 compiled. Components of these systems were always well-
29. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲– defined substances. From these, it has been possible to make
benzene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130 critical evaluations for 47 systems. Only numerical data are
30. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲– given because data published originally in graphical form are
cyclohexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1140 inherently imprecise, especially given the high precision of
31. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲– the tabulated data for many systems. The literature contains a
hexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146 large amount of imprecise and conflicting data. Where pos-
32. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲– sible, recommended or tentative values of composition along
toluene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149 saturation curves and for phases in equilibrium are given, but
33. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲– and in many cases this cannot be done because of insufficient
heptane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154 information. This volume is the result of a careful search of
34. Phase diagram of the system 2-methyl-1-propanol the chemical literature. The goal of that search was to in-
共1兲–benzene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1165 clude all published data for the systems indicated in the title.
35. Phase diagram of the system 2-methyl-1-propanol Each Critical Evaluation includes a closing date for the lit-
共1兲–cyclohexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . 1167 erature for that system, generally December, 1992. In spite of
36. Phase diagram of the system 2-methyl-2-propanol these efforts, some published measurements may have been
共1兲–benzene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1174 missed. The editors will appreciate having their attention
37. Phase diagram of the system 2-methyl-2-propanol brought to any omitted source of solubility data for inclusion
共1兲–cyclohexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . 1176 in future volumes.
38. Phase diagram of the system 1-butanol 共1兲– For purposes of comparison, all original results are ex-
benzene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187 pressed in mass and mole fraction as well as in the units
39. Phase diagram of the system 1-butanol 共1兲– given by the original investigators. Conversions, where they
cyclohexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1189 have been made, are clearly attributed to the compiler and
40. Phase diagram of the system 1-butanol 共1兲– the sources of any data not provided by the original investi-
hexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192 gators are specified. Definitions of mass and mole fraction as
41. Phase diagram of the system 1-butanol 共1兲– well as their relation to other common measures of solubility
toluene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195 are given in the Introduction to the Solubility Data Series:
42. Phase diagram of the system 2-butanol 共1兲– Solubility of Liquids in Liquids in this volume. A table of
benzene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 303.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201 conversion formulas is included at the end of the Introduc-
43. Phase diagram of the system 2-butanol 共1兲– tion.
cyclohexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . 1203 The reported ternary data often form miscibility gaps with
44. Phase diagram of the system 2-butanol 共1兲– one pair of partially miscible components 共type 1兲 e.g.,
toluene 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206 ethanol–hydrocarbon–water or propanol–hydrocarbon–
45. Phase diagram of the system 1-pentanol 共1兲– water systems or miscibility gap with two pairs of partially
hexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1214 miscible components 共type 2兲 e.g., methanol–hydrocarbon–
46. Phase diagram of the system 1-octanol 共1兲– water or 1-butanol–hydrocarbon–water systems. In this vol-
hexane 共2兲–water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223 ume the alcohol is reported always as the first component,
the hydrocarbon as the second, and water as the third. For
each group 共alcohols, hydrocarbons兲, substances are ordered
1. Preface to the Volume by increasing number of carbon atoms. In brackets, after
each compound name synonyms are given. Each system be-
This volume of IUPAC Solubility Data Series on ternary gins on a separate page; first, the critical evaluation is pre-
alcohol–hydrocarbon–water systems is the continuation of sented together with a graphical representation of the system
previous works on binary systems. Alcohol–water systems at one selected temperature. This is followed by compilation
were presented as Vol. 15 of the Series, Ref. 1; of original papers. Critical evaluations are presented only for
hydrocarbon–water systems were presented as Vols. 37 and systems where two or more independent determinations of
38 of the Series, Refs. 2 and 3 and alcohol–hydrocarbon solubility allow comparison of experimental data. The con-
systems were presented as Vol. 56 of the Series, Ref. 4. centration along the saturation curve as well as the concen-
This volume surveys solubility data 共along saturation tration of phases in equilibrium are always expressed in mole
curve and phases in equilibrium兲 which have been published and mass fractions of alcohol and hydrocarbon. Concentra-
in the open literature up to the end of 1992. The alcohols are tion of water may be calculated from the mass balance 共sum
those to nine carbon atoms, the most common are methanol, of concentration is always equal 1.0兲. The indexes ⬘ and ⬙
ethanol, propanols, and butanols. The hydrocarbons include express the phase number; ⬘ describes organic-rich or
those with three or more carbon atoms and of all structural hydrocarbon-rich phase, while ⬙ describes water-rich or

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
hydrocarbon-poor phase. Among the references in several 2.2. Compilations and Evaluations
evaluations occurs the Russian compilation of Kafarov 共ed.兲,
‘‘Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti,’’ 5 which contains only nu- The formats for the compilations and critical evaluations
merical data without any explanatory text; the English trans- have been standardized for all volumes. A description of
lation of this compilation was published as a handbook on these formats follows.
solubility.6
The editors would like to thank Andrzej Bok 共Thermo- 2.2.1. Compilations
dynamics Data Center, Warsaw, Poland兲 for preparing com-
The format used for the compilations is, for the most part,
puter programs for presentation of the tables; Professor John
self-explanatory. A compilation sheet is divided into boxes,
W. Lorimer 共Ontario, Canada兲 for valuable discussions and
with detailed contents described below.
for preparing the addresses of translated Russian papers and
all members of IUPAC Commission on Solubility Data 共Vol. Components
8兲 for discussions.
Each component is listed according to IUPAC name, for-
mula, and Chemical Abstracts 共CA兲 Registry Number. The
1.1. References to the Preface Chemical Abstracts name is also included if this differs from
the IUPAC name, as are trivial names if appropriate. IUPAC
1
A. F. M. Barton, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 15, Alcohols with Water and common names are cross-referenced to Chemical Ab-
共Pergamon, New York, 1984兲.
2 stracts names in the System Index.
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Wa-
ter and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, New York, The formula is given either in terms of the IUPAC or Hill1
1989兲. system and the choice of formula is governed by what is
3
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 38, Hydrocarbons with Wa- usual for most current users: i.e., IUPAC for inorganic com-
ter and Seawater, Part II: Hydrocarbons C8 to C36 共Pergamon, New York, pounds, and Hill system for organic compounds. Compo-
1989兲.
4
D. G. Shaw, A. Skrzecz, J. W. Lorimer, and A. Maczynski, eds., Solubility
nents are ordered on a given compilation sheet according to:
Data Series, Vol. 56, Alcohols with Hydrocarbons 共Pergamon, New York, 共a兲 saturating components;
1994兲. 共b兲 nonsaturating components in alphanumerical order;
5
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, 共c兲 solvents in alphanumerical order.
Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk SSSR,
Moskva, 1963兲. The saturating components are arranged in order accord-
6
H. Stephen and T. Stephen, eds., Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic ing to the IUPAC 18-column periodic table with two addi-
Compounds 共Pergamon, New York, 1963兲. tional rows:
Columns 1 and 2: H, alkali elements, ammonium, alkaline
2. Introduction to the Solubility Data earth elements
Columns 3 to 12: transition elements
Series. Solubility of Liquids in Liquids
Columns 13 to 17: boron, carbon, nitrogen groups; chal-
2.1. The Nature of the Project cogenides, halogens
Column 18: noble gases
The Solubility Data project 共SDP兲 has as its aim a com- Row 1: Ce to Lu
prehensive review of published data for solubilities of gases, Row 2: Th to the end of the known elements, in order of
liquids, and solids in liquids or solids. Data of suitable pre- atomic number.
cision are compiled for each publication on data sheets in a Organic compounds within each Hill formula are ordered
uniform format. The data for each system are evaluated and, in the following succession:
where data from independent sources agree sufficiently, rec- 共a兲 by degree of unsaturation
ommended values are proposed. The evaluation sheets, rec- 共b兲 by order of increasing chain length in the parent hy-
ommended values, and compiled data sheets are published drocarbon
on consecutive pages. 共c兲 by order of increasing chain length of hydrocarbon
This series is concerned primarily with liquid–liquid sys- branches
tems, but a limited number or related solid–liquid, fluid– 共d兲 numerically by position of unsaturation
fluid, and multicomponent 共organic-water-salt兲 systems are 共e兲 numerically by position by substitution
included where it is considered logical and appropriate. Solu- 共f兲 alphabetically by IUPAC name.
bilities at elevated and low temperatures and at elevated
pressures have also been included, as it is considered inap- Example:
propriate to establish artificial limits on the data presented if C5H8 cyclopentane
they are considered relevant or useful. 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene
For some systems, the two components may be miscible in 1,4-pentadiene
all proportions at certain temperatures and pressures. Data on 1-pentyne
reported miscibility gaps and upper and lower critical solu- C5H10 cyclopentane
tion temperatures are included where appropriate and when 3-methyl-l-butene
available. 2-methyl-2-butene

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
1-pentene the original data do not use these units. If densities are re-
2-pentene ported in the original paper, conversions from concentrations
C5H12 2,2-dimethylpropane to mole fractions are included, but otherwise this is done in
2-methylbutane the evaluation, with the values and sources of the densities
pentane being quoted and referenced.
C5H12O 2,2-dimethyl-l-propanol Details of smoothing equations 共with limits兲 are included
2-methyl-l-butanol if they are present in the original publication and if the tem-
2-methyl-2-butanol perature or pressure ranges are wide enough to justify this
3-methyl-l-butanol procedure and if the compiler finds that the equations are
3-methyl-2-butanol consistent with the data.
1-pentanol The precision of the original data is preserved when de-
2-pentanol rived quantities are calculated, if necessary by the inclusion
3-pentanol of one additional significant figure. In some cases graphs
C6H12O cyclohexanol have been included, either to illustrate presented data more
4-methyl-l-penten-3-ol clearly, or if this is the only information in the original. Full
1-hexen-3-ol grids are not usually inserted as it is not intended that users
4-hexen-3-ol should read data from the graphs.
Deuterated 共2H兲 compounds follow immediately the corre-
sponding H compounds. Method
Original Measurements The apparatus and procedure are mentioned briefly. Ab-
breviations used in Chemical Abstracts are often used here to
References are abbreviated in the forms given by Chemi-
save space, reference being made to sources of further detail
cal Abstracts Service Source Index 共CASSI兲. Names origi-
if these are cited in the original paper.
nally in other than Roman alphabets are given as transliter-
ated by Chemical Abstracts. In the case of multiple entries
共for example, translations兲 an asterisk indicated the publica- Source and Purity of Materials
tion used for compilation of the data.
For each component, referred to as 共1兲, 共2兲, etc., the fol-
Variables lowing information 共in this order and in abbreviated form兲 is
provided if available in the original paper: source and speci-
Ranges of temperature, pressure, etc., are indicated here. fied method of preparation; properties; degree of purity.
Prepared by
Estimated Error
The names of all compilers are given here.
If estimated errors were omitted by the original authors,
Experimental Data and if relevant information is available, the compilers have
attempted to estimate errors 共identified by ‘‘compiler’’ or the
Components are described as 共1兲, 共2兲, etc., as defined in compiler’s name in parentheses or in a footnote兲 from the
the ‘‘Components’’ box. Data are reported in the units used internal consistency of data and type of apparatus used.
in the original publication, with the exception that modern Methods used by the compilers for estimating and reporting
names for units and quantities are used; e.g., mass percent errors are based on Ku and Eisenhart.4
for weight percent; mol dm⫺3 for molar; etc. In most cases,
both mass and molar values are given. Usually, only one
type of value 共e.g., mass percent兲 is found in the original Comments and/or Additional Data
paper, and the compiler has added the other type of value
共e.g., mole percent兲 from computer calculations based on Many compilations include this section which provides
1989 atomic weights.2 Temperatures are expressed as t/°C, short comments relevant to the general nature of the work or
t/°F, or T/K as in the original; if necessary, conversions to additional experimental and thermodynamic data which are
T/K are made, sometimes in the compilations, and always in judged by the compiler to be of value to the reader.
the critical evaluation. However, the author’s units are ex-
pressed according to IUPAC recommendations3 as far as References
possible.
Errors in calculations, fitting equations, etc., are noted, and The format for these follows the format for the Original
where possible corrected. Material inserted by the compiler Measurements box, except that final page numbers are omit-
is identified by the word ‘‘compiler’’ or by the compiler’s ted. References 共usually cited in the original paper兲 are given
name in parentheses or in a footnote. In addition, compiler- where relevant to interpretation of the compiled data, or
calculated values of mole or mass fractions are included if where cross-reference can be made to other compilations.

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
2.2.2. Evaluations putational or experimental method as undesirable but still

considers the data to have some value where the order of
The evaluator’s task is to assess the reliability and quality magnitude of the solubility is needed. Data determined by an
of the data, to estimate errors where necessary, and to rec- inadequate method or under ill-defined conditions are re-
ommend ‘‘best’’ values. The evaluation takes the form of a jected. However, references to these data are included in the
summary in which all the data supplied by the compiler have evaluation together with a comment by the evaluator as to
been critically reviewed. There are only three boxes on a the reason for their rejection.
typical evaluation sheet, and these are described below. 共e兲 References. All pertinent references are given here,
Components including all those publications appearing in the accompany-
ing compilation sheets and those which, by virtue of their
The format is the same as on the Compilation sheets. poor precision, have been rejected and not compiled.
共f兲 Units. While the original data may be reported in the
Evaluator units used by the investigators, the final recommended values
are reported in SI units3 when the data can be converted
The name and affiliation of the evaluator共s兲 and date up to accurately.
which the literature was checked.
2.3. Quantities and Units Used in Compilation and
Critical Evaluation
Evaluation of Solubility Data
共a兲 Critical text. The evaluator checks that the compiled
2.3.1. Mixtures, Solutions and Solubilities
data are correct, assesses their reliability and quality, esti-
mates errors where necessary, and recommends numerical A mixture5,6 describes a gaseous, liquid or solid phase
values based on all the published data 共including theses, re- containing more than one substance, where the substances
ports, and patents兲 for each given system. Thus, the evaluator are all treated in the same way.
reviews the merits or shortcomings of the various data. Only A solution5,6 describes a liquid or solid phase containing
published data are considered. Documented rejection of more than one substance, when for convenience one of the
some published data may occur at this stage, and the corre- substances, which is called the solvent, and may itself be a
sponding compilations may be removed. mixture, is treated differently than the other substances,
The solubility of comparatively few systems is known which are called solutes. If the sum of the mole fraction of
with sufficient accuracy to enable a set of recommended val- the solutes is small compared to unity, the solution is called
ues to be presented. Although many systems have been stud- a dilute solution.
ied by at least two workers, the range of temperatures is The solubility of a solute 1 共solid, liquid or gas兲 is the
often sufficiently different to make meaningful comparison analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in
impossible. terms of the proportion of the designated solute in a desig-
Occasionally, it is not clear why two groups of workers nated solvent.7
obtained very different but internally consistent sets of re- ‘‘Saturated’’ implies equilibrium with respect to the pro-
sults at the same temperature, although both sets of results cesses of dissolution and demixing; the equilibrium may be
were obtained by reliable methods. In such cases, a definitive stable or metastable. The solubility of a substance in meta-
assessment may not be possible. In some cases, two or more stable equilibrium is usually greater than that of the same
sets of data have been classified as tentative even though the substance in stable equilibrium. 共Strictly speaking, it is the
sets are mutually inconsistent. activity of the substance in metastable equilibrium that is
共b兲 Fitting equations. If the use of a smoothing equation is greater.兲 Care must be taken to distinguish true metastability
justifiable the evaluator may provide an equation represent- form supersaturation, where equilibrium does not exist.
ing the solubility as a function of the variables reported on Either point of view, mixture or solution, may be taken in
all the compilation sheets, stating the limits within which it describing solubility. The two points of view find their ex-
should be used. pression in the reference states used for definition of activi-
共c兲 Graphical summary. In addition to 共b兲 above, graphical ties, activity coefficients and osmotic coefficients. Note that
summaries are often given. the composition of a saturated mixture 共or solution兲 can be
共d兲 Recommended values. Data are recommended if the described in terms of any suitable set of thermodynamic
results of at least two independent groups are available and components.
they are in good agreement, and if the evaluator has no doubt
as to the adequacy and reliability of the applied experimental 2.3.2. Physicochemical Quantities and Units
and computational procedures. Data are reported as tentative
if only one set of measurements is available, or if the evalu- Solubilities of solids have been the subject of research for
ator considers some aspect of the computational or experi- a long time, and have been expressed in a great many ways,
mental method as mildly undesirable but estimates that it as described below. In each case, specification of the tem-
should cause only minor errors. Data are considered as perature and either partial or total pressure of the saturating
doubtful if the evaluator considers some aspect of the com- gaseous component is necessary. The nomenclature and units

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
TABLE 1. Interconversions between quantities used as measures of solubilities c-component systems containing c-1 solutes i and single solvent c 共␳—density
of solution; M i —molar masses of i. For relations for two-component systems, set summations to 0.兲
xi wi mi ci
1 1 1
x i⫽ xi
再兺冉冊冎冉冊冉冊
c⫺1 c⫺1 c⫺1
1 ␳
兺兺
Mi 1 Mc wj 1 mj cj Mj
1⫹ ⫺1 ⫹ ⫺1 1⫹ ⫹ 1⫹ ⫺M i ⫹ 1⫺
M c wi j⫽1 Mj wi miM c j⫽i mi M c ci c
j⫽i i M c
1 1 ciM i
w i⫽
1⫹ 再
Mc 1
M i xi
⫺1⫹
Mj
j⫽i M c
兺冉
c⫺1
⫺1
xj
xi 冊冎 wi
1⫹
1
miM i
1⫹ 冉
j⫽i
c⫺1
兺
m jM j 冊 ␳
1 1 1
m i⫽
Mc 冉 1
xi
⫺1 ⫺
c⫺1
兺
xj
j⫽i xi
冊 Mi
1
wi冉⫺1⫺
wj
j⫽i wi
c⫺1
兺冊 mi
1
ci 冉
␳⫺
j⫽i
c⫺1
兺c jM j ⫺M i 冊
␳ ␳wi ␳
c i⫽
M i⫹M c 再 1
xi
⫺1⫹ 兺冉
c⫺1
Mj
j⫽i M c
⫺1
xj
xi 冊冎 Mi 1
mi
1⫹ 冉
j⫽i
兺
c⫺1
m jM j ⫹M j 冊 ci
follow, where possible, IUPAC Green Book.3 A few quanti- xj

ties follow the ISO standards8 or the German standard;9 see a x ⬘j ⫽ s , j⫽ 共 s⫹1 兲 ,...,p. 共3兲
review by Cvitas10 for details. 1⫹ 兺共 v i ⫺1 兲 x i
i⫽1
The sum of these mole fractions is unity, so that, with c⫽s

A note on nomenclature ⫹p,
s c
The nomenclature of the IUPAC Green Book calls the 3

兺共 x i⫹ ⫹x i⫺ 兲 ⫹ i⫽s⫹1
i⫽1
兺 x i⬘ ⫽1. 共4兲
solute component B and the solvent component A. In com-
pilations and evaluations, the first-named component 共com- General conversions to other units in multicomponent sys-
ponent 1兲 is the solute, and the second 共component 2 for a tems are complicated. For a three-component system con-
two-component system兲 is the solvent. The reader should taining nonelectrolyte 1, electrolyte 2, and solvent 3,
bear these distinctions in nomenclature in mind when com-
paring equations given here with those in the Green Book. v 2⫹ x 1⬘ x 2⫹
x 1⫽ , x 2⫽ . 共5兲
1. Mole fraction of substance 1, x 1 or x 共1兲共condensed v 2⫹ ⫺ 共 v 2 ⫺1 兲 x 2⫹ v 2⫹ ⫺ 共 v 2 ⫺1 兲 x 2⫹
phases兲, y 1 共gases兲:
These relations are used in solubility equations for salts,
冒兺 and for tabulation of salt effects on solubilities of gases 共see

c
x 1 ⫽n 1 ns 共1兲 below兲.
s⫽1
3. Mass fraction of substance 1, w 1 or w(1):
冒兺
where n s is the amount of substance of s, and c is the number c
of distinct substances present 共often the number of thermo- w 1 ⫽g 1 gs 共6兲

s⫽1
dynamic components in the system兲. Mole percent of sub-
stance 1 is 100 x 1 . where g s is the mass of substance s. Mass percent of sub-
2. Ionic mole fractions of salt i, x i⫹ ,x i⫺ : stance 1 is 100 w 1 . The equivalent terms weight fraction,
For a mixture of s binary salts i, each of which ionizes com- weight percent, and g(1)/100 g solution are no longer used.
pletely into v s⫹ cations and v s⫺ anions, with v s ⫽ v s⫹ ⫹ v s⫺ 4. Molality of solute 1 in a solvent 2, m 1 :
and a mixture of p nonelectrolytes j, of which some may be
solvent components, a generalization of the definition in Ref. m 1 ⫽n 1 /n 2 M 2 共7兲
11 gives ⫺1
SI base units: mol kg . Here, M 2 is the molar mass of the
v i ⫹x i v i ⫺x i⫹ solvent.
x i⫹ ⫽ s , x i⫺ ⫽ i⫽1...s 5. Aquamolality, Solvomolality of substance 1 in a mixed
v i⫹
solvent with components, 2, 3,12 m (3)
1⫹ 兺共 v i ⫺1 兲 x s
i⫽1
1 :
共2兲 m 共13 兲 ⫽m 1 M̄ /M 3 共8兲

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
SI base units: mol kg⫺1. Here, the average molar mass of the Thermodynamics of Solubility
solvent is Thermodynamic analysis of solubility phenomena pro-
M̄ ⫽x 2⬘ M 2 ⫹ 共 1⫺x 2⬘ 兲 M 3 共9兲 vides a rational basis for the construction of functions to
and x ⬘2 is the solvent mole fraction of component 2. This represent solubility data, and thus aids in evaluation, and
term is used most frequently in discussing comparative solu- sometimes enables thermodynamic quantities to be extracted.
bilities in water 共component 2兲 and heavy water 共component Both these aims are often difficult to achieve because of a
3兲 and in their mixtures. lack of experimental or theoretical activity coefficients.
6. Amount concentration if solute 1 in a solution of vol- Where thermodynamic quantities can be found, they are not
ume V, c 1 : evaluated critically, since this task would involve examina-
c 1 ⫽ 关 formula of solute兴 ⫽n 1 /V 共10兲 tion of a large body of data that is not directly relevant to
solubility. Where possible, procedures for evaluation are
SI base units: mol m⫺3. The symbol c 1 is preferred to 关for- based on established thermodynamic methods. Specific pro-
mula of solute兴, but both are used. The old terms molarity, cedures used in a particular volume will be described in the
molar, and moles per unit volume are no longer used. Preface to this volume.
7. Mass concentration of solute 1 in a solution of volume
V, r1: SI base units: kg m⫺3.
2.4. References for the Introduction
␳ 1 ⫽g 1 /V. 共11兲
8. Mole ratio, r A,B 共dimensionless兲10 1
2
E. A. Hill, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 22, 478 共1990兲.
IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Pure
r A,B⫽n 1 /n 2 . 共12兲 Appl. Chem. 63, 975 共1980兲.
3
I. Mills et al., eds., Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry
Mass ratio, symbol ␨ A,B , may be defined analogously. 10
共The Green Book兲. 共Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1993兲.
4
H. H. Ku, p. 73; C. Eisenhart, p. 69; in H. H. Ku, ed., Precision Measure-
Mole and mass fractions are appropriate to either the mix- ment and Calibration, NBS Special Publication 300, Vol. 1 共Washington,
ture or the solution point of view. The other quantities are 1969兲.
appropriate to the solution point of view only. Conversions 5
J. Regaudy and S. P. Klesney, Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry 共IU-
between pairs of these quantities can be carried out using the PAC兲共The Blue Book兲共Pergamon, Oxford, 1979兲.
6
V. Gold et al., eds., Compendium of Chemical Technology 共The Gold
equations given in Table 1 at the end of this Introduction. Book兲共Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1987兲.
Other useful quantities will be defined in the prefaces to 7
H. Freiser and G. H. Nancollas, eds., Compendium of Analytical Nomen-
individual volumes or on specific data sheets. clature 共The Orange Book兲共The Blackwell Scientific Publications, Ox-
9. Density, ␳: ford, UK, 1987兲, Sect. 9.1.8.
8
ISO Standards Handbook, Quantities and Units 共International Standards
␳ ⫽g/V 共13兲 Organization, Geneva, 1993兲.
9
SI base units: kg m⫺3. Here g is the total mass of the system. German Standard, DIN 1310, Zusammungsetzung von Mischphasen
共Beuth Verlag, Berlin, 1984兲.
10. Relative density, d⫽ ␳ / ␳ °: the ratio of the density of a 10
T. Cvitaŝ, Chem. Int. 17, 123 共1995兲.
mixture at temperature t, pressure p to the density of a ref- 11
R. A. Robinson and R. H. Stokes, Electroyte Solutions 共Butterworths,
erence substance at temperature t⬘, pressure p⬘. For liquid 12
London, 1959兲, 2nd ed.
J. W. Lorimer, in R. Cohen-Adad and J. W. Lorimer, Alkali Metal and
solutions, the reference substance is often water at 4 °C, 1 Ammonium Chlorides in Water and Heavy Water (Binary Systems), IU-
bar. 共In some cases 1 atm is used instead of 1 bar.兲 The term PAC Solubility Data Series, Vol. 47 共Pergamon, Oxford, UK, 1991兲, p.
specific gravity is no longer used. 495.
This section was written by:

A. F. M. Barton Perth, WA, Australia
G. T. Hefter Perth, WA, Australia
F. W. Getzen Raleigh, NC, USA
D. G. Shaw Fairbanks, AK, USA
December, 1995

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
3. Methanol ⴙ Water
Components: Original Measurements:
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 K. Noda, K. Sato, K. Nagatsuka, and K. Ishida, J. Chem. Eng.
Components: Original Measurements: 共2兲 Butane 共n-butane兲; C4H10; 关106-97-8兴 Jpn. 8, 492–3 共1975兲.
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 K. Noda, K. Sato, K. Nagatsuka, and K. Ishida, J. Chem. Eng. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
共2兲 Propane 共n-propane兲; C3H8; 关74-98-6兴 Jpn. 8, 492–3 共1975兲.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 Variables: Compiled by:
T/K⫽273– 293 A. Skrzecz
Variables: Compiled by:
3.2. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Butane

3.1. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Propane Experimental Data
Experimental Data Compositions of coexisting phases
Compositions of coexisting phases
x ⬘1 x ⬘3 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w 1⬘ w ⬘2 w ⬘3 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
x ⬘1 x ⬘3 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬘3 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
organic-rich water-rich
organic-rich water-rich T/K phase phase organic-rich water-rich
T/K phase phase organic-rich water-rich t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 phase phase
IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES

t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 phase phase
0.0 273.2 0.011 0.988 0.584 0.007 0.006 0.994 0.0003 0.707 0.015
0.0 273.2 0.004 0.995 0.397 0.005 0.003 0.997 0.0002 0.537 0.009 0.020 0.979 0.729 0.019 0.011 0.989 0.0004 0.805 0.039
0.007 0.992 0.510 0.010 0.005 0.995 0.0003 0.643 0.017 0.037 0.961 0.811 0.044 0.021 0.978 0.0006 0.834 0.082
0.019 0.979 0.677 0.023 0.014 0.985 0.0008 0.772 0.036 0.063 0.934 0.843 0.073 0.036 0.963 0.0007 0.824 0.130
0.038 0.960 0.754 0.036 0.028 0.971 0.001 0.818 0.054 0.100 0.897 0.835 0.123 0.058 0.941 0.0008 0.772 0.206
0.147 0.848 0.851 0.099 0.112 0.886 0.002 0.838 0.134 0.105 0.892 0.834 0.131 0.061 0.938 0.0008 0.764 0.218
20.0 293.2 0.007 0.992 0.276 0.003 0.005 0.994 0.0006 0.402 0.007 20.0 293.2 0.007 0.991 0.270 0.001 0.004 0.996 0.0004 0.396 0.003
0.015 0.983 0.458 0.010 0.011 0.988 0.0008 0.594 0.018 0.014 0.984 0.510 0.005 0.008 0.991 0.0006 0.644 0.011
0.019 0.978 0.493 0.014 0.014 0.985 0.001 0.624 0.025 0.020 0.978 0.626 0.010 0.011 0.988 0.0007 0.737 0.022
0.035 0.961 0.639 0.041 0.026 0.972 0.0015 0.730 0.064 0.023 0.974 0.650 0.013 0.013 0.986 0.0008 0.753 0.027
0.066 0.929 0.718 0.115 0.049 0.949 0.002 0.740 0.163 0.041 0.956 0.723 0.023 0.023 0.976 0.001 0.797 0.046
0.060 0.937 0.759 0.056 0.034 0.965 0.001 0.787 0.105
Auxiliary Information 0.082 0.914 0.783 0.092 0.047 0.951 0.0015 0.768 0.163
0.121 0.873 0.751 0.177 0.071 0.927 0.002 0.675 0.289
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
The analytical method was used, similar to that reported in 共1兲 source not specified, commercially available; guaranteed
Auxiliary Information
Ref. 1. Samples of each phase were analyzed by glc on a 3 reagent; used as received.
mm diameter by 3 m long column packed with Poropak R and 共2兲 Takachiho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd; standard reagent;
using H2 as a carrier gas. Each sample was injected several used as received.
共3兲 distilled. The analytical method was used, similar to that reported in 共1兲 source not specified, commercially available; guaranteed
times and the composition was determined from chromatogram

areas. Care was taken to avoid contamination by the Ref. 1. Samples of each phase were analyzed by glc on a 3 reagent; used as received.
surroundings, especially water vapor. Estimated Error: mm diam by 3 m long column packed with Poropak R and 共2兲 Takachiho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd; standard reagent;
Not reported. using H2 as a carrier gas. Each sample was injected several used as received.
times and the composition was determined from chromatogram 共3兲 distilled.
References: areas. Care was taken to avoid contamination by the
1
K. Ishida, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 29, 956 共1956兲. surroundings, especially water vapor. Estimated Error:
Not reported.
References:
1
K. Ishida, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 29, 956 共1956兲.
993
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994
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 T. M. Lesteva, S. K. Ogorodnikov and V. I. Morozova, Zh. Prikl. x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
共2兲 Isoprene 共2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, isopentadiene兲; C5H8; Khim. 共Leningrad兲 39, 2134–6 共1966兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J.
关78-79-5兴 Phys. Appl. Chem. 共Leningrad兲 39, 2002–5 共1966兲兴. hydrocarbon- water-rich
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 T/K rich phase phase hydrocarbon- water-rich
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase phase
T/K⫽288 A. Skrzecz 15.0 288.2 0.0000 0.9962 0.0406 0.0003 0.000 0.999 0.070 0.001
0.0000 0.9925 0.0917 0.0006 0.000 0.998 0.152 0.002
0.0000 0.9888 0.1551 0.0003 0.000 0.997 0.246 0.001
3.3. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2-Methyl-1, 3-butadiene
Experimental Data 0.0063 0.9899 0.1796 0.0003 0.003 0.996 0.280 0.001
Compositions along the saturation curve 0.0063 0.9862 0.2203 0.0006 0.003 0.995 0.334 0.002
0.0147 0.9779 0.4678 0.0081 0.007 0.991 0.600 0.022
x1 x2 0.0412 0.9478 0.5592 0.0169 0.020 0.977 0.671 0.043
T/K
0.0614 0.9314 0.5904 0.0264 0.030 0.968 0.685 0.065
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
0.2587 0.7252 0.2587 0.7252 0.143 0.852 0.143 0.852a
15.0 288.2 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0008
a
0.0595 0.0006 0.101 0.002 Critical point of solution estimated by the authors.
0.1241 0.0006 0.201 0.002
SKRZECZ, SHAW, AND MACZYNSKI

0.1652 0.0006 0.260 0.002 Auxiliary Information
0.2809 0.0010 0.409 0.003
0.2709 0.0010 0.397 0.003 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
0.3490 0.0010 0.487 0.003 The standard titration method was used to construct the 共1兲 source not specified; distilled several times on laboratory
0.0646 0.0011 0.109 0.004 binodal curve. Refractive indexes and densities of points on columns; purity 99.85%–99.90%.
the binodal curve were measured. Ternary mixtures of known 共2兲 source not specified; distilled several times on laboratory
0.1824 0.0015 0.283 0.005
composition were shaken in the thermostat for 1 h. After columns; purity 99.85%–99.90%.
0.2768 0.0023 0.403 0.007
separation, refractive indexes and densities of both phases 共3兲 not specified.
0.3443 0.0037 0.479 0.011
were measured and concentrations were calculated from
0.3690 0.0045 0.505 0.013 calibration curves prepared during solubility measurements. Estimated Error:
0.4245 0.0090 0.557 0.025 The results of the analysis of the water-rich phase were temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
0.5098 0.0152 0.630 0.040 checked for a few points by redistillation and further analysis
0.5679 0.0227 0.671 0.057 of distillate by glc and the Karl Fischer methods.
0.5197 0.0225 0.630 0.058
0.5560 0.0318 0.650 0.079
0.6050 0.0384 0.682 0.092
0.6077 0.0393 0.683 0.094
0.6351 0.0530 0.688 0.122
0.6575 0.0720 0.683 0.159
0.6653 0.0930 0.666 0.198
0.6647 0.0936 0.665 0.199
0.6780 0.1026 0.665 0.214
0.6685 0.1090 0.652 0.226
0.6694 0.1251 0.637 0.253
0.6825 0.1346 0.637 0.267
0.6675 0.1443 0.618 0.284
0.6602 0.1724 0.589 0.327
0.6434 0.1772 0.574 0.336
0.6473 0.2106 0.551 0.381
0.6263 0.2383 0.518 0.419
0.5841 0.3033 0.452 0.499
0.5807 0.3105 0.446 0.507
0.5204 0.3991 0.368 0.600
0.5060 0.4103 0.355 0.612
0.4833 0.4388 0.331 0.639
0.4546 0.4758 0.302 0.672
0.3983 0.5478 0.250 0.731
0.3991 0.5579 0.248 0.737
0.3464 0.6294 0.204 0.788
0.2448 0.7232 0.136 0.854
0.1909 0.7957 0.101 0.895
0.0000 0.9989 0.0000 0.9997
TABLE 3. Characteristic points on the binodal curve of the system methanol–benzene–water
Components: Evaluated by:
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Max. CH3OH concentration Plait points
共2兲 Benzene: C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.05兲
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 T/K x1 x2 Ref. x1 x2 Ref.
293.0 0.6181 0.1371 12 0.406 0.523 12

3.4. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene 293.2 0.6320 0.1462 11 0.441 0.482 11
298.2 — — 0.4743 0.4106 4
Critical Evaluation:
298.2 0.62 0.14 13 0.47 0.44 13
A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curves 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
303.2 0.5949 0.1499 10 0.470 0.420 10
system methanol–benzene–water is given in Table 2.
318.2 0.5662 0.1542 10 0.467 0.389 10
333.2 0.5345 0.1082 10 0.465 0.357 10
TABLE 2. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–benzene–water
Author共s兲, year T/K Type of dataa Ref.

The temperature 293 K was selected for presentation of the behavior of the system. 共The temperature difference between 293.2 and
Bancroft, 1895 293 sat. 共8兲 1 293.0 K was neglected in binodal curve parameters calculations.兲 All together 72 experimental points on the saturation curve11,12 共the
water-rich and benzene-rich branches were treated together兲 were used to construct the fitting equation:
Holmes, 1918 288 sat. 共1兲 2

Perrakis, 1925 293 sat. 共11兲 3 x1⫽0.96828⫹0.11825 ln共x2兲⫺0.852 77x 2 ⫺0.122 05x 22 .
Barbaudy, 1926 298 Eq. 共3兲 4 The standard error of estimate was 0.0421. The compositions on the saturation curve calculated by the fitting equation are presented in the
Ormandy et al., 1934 288 sat. 共5兲 5 Table 4 for selected concentrations of benzene. The results of calculations 共solid line兲 are presented graphically in Fig. 1 together with all
Sata and Niwase, 1937 292–304 sat. 共15兲 6 experimental data reported at 293.2 K.
Leikola, 1940 299 sat. 共8兲 7
Staveley et al., 1951 288–341 sat. 共49兲 8 TABLE 4. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 293.2 K
Francis, 1954 295 sat. 共16兲 9
Udovenko and Mazanko, 1963 289–341 sat. 共82兲, Eq. 共44兲 10 x1 x2 x1 x2
Bundantseva et al., 1976 293 sat. 共5兲, Eq. 共10兲 11
0.0000 0.000 406 Ref. 15 0.4294 0.5000
Triday, 1984 293 sat. 共27兲, Eq. 共10兲 12
0.1506 0.0010 0.4145 0.5200
Letcher et al., 1990 298 sat. 共13兲, Eq. 共5兲 13
0.4152 0.0100 0.3993 0.5400
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. 0.4886 0.0200 0.3839 0.5600
0.5533 0.0400 0.3682 0.5800
0.5840 0.0600 0.3523 0.6000
Saturation curves 0.6006 0.0800 0.3361 0.6200
The ternary system methanol–benzene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. The system was the object of 13 studies over the 0.6095 0.1000 0.3197 0.6400
temperature range 288–341 K. This critical evaluation is based on the original papers with the exception of data of Bancroft,1 Ormandy, 0.6135 0.1200 0.3031 0.6600
et al.,5 and Leikola,7 which were taken from the handbook of Kafarov;14 these data sets were also taken into account during evaluation 0.6140 0.1400 0.2864 0.6800
but are not reported as compilation sheets because they do not contribute further to knowledge of the system. Data of Perrakis3 at 293 K 0.6120 0.1600 0.2694 0.7000
show a larger miscibility gap than other studies; maximum mole fraction of methanol is larger by about 0.1 than any other data at this 0.6080 0.1800 0.2522 0.7200
temperature. Data of Bancroft1 were reported in volume % and were not recalculated. Therefore these data are rejected and are not 0.6025 0.2000 0.2348 0.7400
reported as a compilation table. All experimental data of Letcher et al.13 were presented only in graphical form and therefore were not 0.5957 0.2200 0.2172 0.7600
reported as a separate compilation sheet. Data of Francis9 at 295 K show a slightly smaller miscibility gap than data at 293 K 共in 0.5878 0.2400 0.1995 0.7800
agreement with general expectations兲, while data published during the period 1918–40 are all very close to the binodal curve describing 0.5790 0.2600 0.1816 0.8000
saturation at 293 K, even though they were measured over the range 288–299 K. Of the three related binary systems, only benzene–water 0.5694 0.2800 0.1635 0.8200
shows partially miscibility. The data for this system were reported, compiled, and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS 0.5591 0.3000 0.1452 0.8400
volume.15 The recommended values of mutual solubility at 293.2 K, from Ref. 15, are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.9975 and x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 406. Only the papers 0.5482 0.3200 0.1268 0.8600
of Budantseva et al.11 and Triday12 reported mutual solubility of the binary system. These values at 293.2 K11 and at 293.0 K12 are the 0.5367 0.3400 0.1082 0.8800
same in both references: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9974, x 2⬙ ⫽0.0004 and are in excellent agreement with recommended data, Ref. 15. Characteristic points 0.5247 0.3600 0.0895 0.9000
on the binodal curve of the system methanol–benzene–water at selected temperatures, reported in literature, are presented in Table 3. At 0.5122 0.3800 0.0706 0.9200
the point of maximum methanol concentration the errors estimated by the evaluator are 0.005 and 0.015 mole fraction of methanol and 0.4993 0.4000 0.0515 0.9400
benzene, respectively. The composition of plait points at 293 K reported in Refs. 11 and 12, differed by 0.04 mole fraction of methanol 0.4860 0.4200 0.0323 0.9600
and benzene 共the plait point reported by Triday12 was calculated by Hand’s method兲.16 0.4723 0.4400 0.0130 0.9800
0.4584 0.4600 0.0032 0.9900
0.4440 0.4800 0.0000 0.9975 Ref. 15
995
996
Phases in equilibrium
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system methanol–benzene–water were reported in five references as Components: Original Measurements:
6 isotherms, Refs. 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, over the temperature range 293–333 K. The tie lines cover the full area of the miscibility gap. There 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 J. Barbaudy, C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 182, 1279–81
is a large difference of mole fraction of methanol between the benzene-rich and water-rich phases. The reported data are consistent within 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 关71-43-2兴共1926兲.
each data set. Changes of tie line direction were observed with temperature. With decreasing temperature the water concentration in the 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
benzene-poor phase also decreased for a similar composition of benzene-rich phase. This may be observed in data reported in Refs. 10,
11, 12. At 293 K equilibrium data of Budantseva et al.11 and Triday12 differ one from the other. For similar composition of benzene-rich Variables: Compiled by:
phase the measured composition of water-rich phase reported by Triday12 contains much more methanol than the equivalent mixture T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
reported by Budantseva et al.11 All equilibrium data are considered tentative. The experimental plait points reported in literature are
presented above in Table 2. The experimental points at 293.2 K, both saturation and equilibrium data, Refs. 11 and 12, are presented in Experimental Data
Fig. 1. Compositions of coexisting phases
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hyrocarbon- water-
T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
25.00 298.15 0.0925 0.8961 0.5192 0.0343 0.0405 0.9567 0.6080 0.0980
0.0961 0.8918 0.5377 0.0409 0.0422 0.9548 0.6150 0.1140

0.0933 0.8953 0.5240 0.0359 0.0409 0.9563 0.6100 0.1020a
0.4743 0.4106 0.4743 0.4106 0.3080 0.6500 0.3080 0.6500b
Equal density of both phases 共interpolated by the author兲.

a
b
Plait point.

The analytical method was used. After separation, density and 共1兲 source not specified.
refractive index of each phase were measured. Compositions of 共2兲 source not specified.
coexisting phases were determined as intersections of constant 共3兲 source not specified.
density and constant refractive index lines. Nine tie lines are
presented graphically. Only two of them and critical point are Estimated Error:
FIG. 1. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—benzene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve, reported as numerical values and presented above. The Not reported.
䊊—experimental data, Ref. 11, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 12, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 11 and 12. procedure was described for ethanol–benzene–water system in
Ref. 1. References:
1
J. Barbaudy, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 49, 371 共1926兲.
References:
1
W. D. Bancroft, Phys. Rev. 3, 205 共1895兲.
2
J. Holmes, J. Chem. Soc. 113, 263 共1918兲.
3
N. Perrakis, J. Chim. Phys. Phys. Chim. Biol. 22, 280 共1925兲.
4
J. Barbaudy, C. R. Hebd, Seances Acad. Sci. 182, 1279 共1926兲.
5
W. R. Ormandy, T. W. M. Pond, and W. R. Davies, J. Inst. Petrol. Technol. 20, 308 共1934兲.
6
N. Sata and Y. Niwase, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 12, 86 共1937兲.
7
E. Leikola, Suomen Kemistil B. 13, 13 共1940兲.
8
L. A. K. Staveley, R. G. S. Johns, and B. C. Moore, J. Chem. Soc. 2516 共1951兲.
9
A. W. Francis, Ind. Eng. Chem. 46, 205 共1954兲.
10
V. V. Udovenko and T. E. Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 2324 共1963兲.
11
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. VINITI 438-76, 1 共1976兲.
12
J. O. Triday, J. Chem. Eng. Data 29, 321 共1984兲.
13
T. M. Letcher, J. Sewry, and S. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem. 43, 56 共1990兲.
14
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk
SSSR, Moskva, 1963兲.
15
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon,
New York, 1989兲.
16
D. B. Hand, J. Phys Chem. 34, 1961 共1930兲.
Components: Original Measurements: Components: Original Measurements:
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; Ch4O; 关67-56-1兴 N. Sata and Y. Niwase, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 12, 86–95 共1937兲. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 L. A. K. Staveley, R. G. S. Johns, and B. C. Moore, J. Chem.
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 关71-43-2兴共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 Soc. 2516–23 共1951兲.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
Variables: Compiled by: Variables: Compiled by:

T/K⫽292– 304 A. Skrzecz T/K⫽288– 341 A. Skrzecz
Experimental Data Experimental Data

Compositions along the saturation curve Compositions along the saturation curve
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 t/°C 共complier兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
23.0 296.2 0.4282 0.5026 0.2530 0.7240 26.0 299.15 0.0113 0.985 63 0.004 68 0.994 61
26.0 299.2 0.4249 0.5001 0.2520 0.7230 33.5 306.65 0.0113 0.984 74 0.004 68 0.994 40
30.0 303.2 0.4198 0.4939 0.2510 0.7200 37.7 310.85 0.0113 0.984 08 0.004 68 0.994 24

19.0 292.2 0.4996 0.4095 0.3225 0.6445 46.1 319.25 0.0113 0.982 52 0.004 69 0.993 87
23.5 296.7 0.4986 0.4092 0.3221 0.6444 60.1 333.25 0.0113 0.979 245 0.004 70 0.993 09
24.0 297.2 0.4969 0.4078 0.3217 0.6436 20.0 293.15 0.0226 0.974 52 0.009 42 0.989 91
28.0 301.2 0.4952 0.4064 0.3213 0.6428 32.4 305.55 0.0226 0.972 89 0.009 43 0.989 51
31.0 304.2 0.4934 0.4049 0.3209 0.6419 42.0 315.15 0.0226 0.971 19 0.009 44 0.989 10
30.0 303.2 0.4906 0.4031 0.3200 0.6410 49.8 322.95 0.0226 0.968 53 0.009 46 0.988 45
25.5 298.7 0.5491 0.3384 0.3820 0.5740 56.4 329.55 0.0226 0.967 60 0.009 47 0.988 22
22.0 295.2 0.5460 0.3368 0.3810 0.5730 28.7 301.85 0.0332 0.962 65 0.013 94 0.985 08
30.0 303.2 0.5449 0.3356 0.3810 0.5720 34.5 307.65 0.0332 0.961 72 0.013 95 0.984 85
25.0 298.2 0.6089 0.2503 0.4690 0.4700 40.1 313.25 0.0332 0.960 72 0.013 96 0.984 61
29.0 302.2 0.6059 0.2491 0.4680 0.4690 47.9 321.05 0.0332 0.959 03 0.013 98 0.984 19
30.0 303.2 0.6029 0.2478 0.4670 0.4680 56.5 329.65 0.0332 0.956 62 0.014 00 0.983 58
28.4 301.55 0.0412 0.954 49 0.017 40 0.981 59
Auxiliary Information 32.2 305.35 0.0412 0.954 075 0.017 41 0.981 48
44.6 317.75 0.0412 0.951 375 0.017 44 0.980 80
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 52.0 325.15 0.0412 0.949 68 0.017 47 0.980 37
Alcohol was added to a known amount of water–benzene 共1兲 Merck, ‘‘very pure,’’ without acetone; used as received. 62.8 335.95 0.0412 0.946 52 0.017 51 0.979 57
mixture until one layer was obtained. 共2兲 source not specified; used as received. 22.5 295.65 0.0458 0.950 13 0.019 37 0.979 66
共3兲 not specified.
41.1 314.25 0.0458 0.946 76 0.019 42 0.978 80
Estimated Error: 47.4 320.55 0.0458 0.945 03 0.019 45 0.978 36

Not reported. 64.1 337.25 0.0458 0.940 09 0.019 53 0.977 09
67.6 340.75 0.0458 0.939 11 0.019 54 0.976 84
23.7 296.85 0.0568 0.936 79 0.024 23 0.974 23
31.6 304.75 0.0568 0.935 31 0.024 26 0.973 85
37.9 311.05 0.0568 0.933 89 0.024 29 0.973 47
47.8 320.95 0.0568 0.931 49 0.024 33 0.972 85
50.7 323.85 0.0568 0.930 69 0.024 35 0.972 64
22.2 295.35 0.0781 0.913 62 0.033 81 0.964 18
32.7 305.85 0.0781 0.911 27 0.033 87 0.963 53
46.2 319.35 0.0781 0.908 42 0.033 95 0.962 75
53.1 326.25 0.0781 0.906 59 0.034 00 0.962 25
61.6 334.75 0.0781 0.903 74 0.034 08 0.961 46
15.0 288.15 0.1047 0.885 86 0.046 13 0.951 53
22.2 295.35 0.1047 0.884 48 0.046 18 0.951 13
35.6 308.75 0.1047 0.880 67 0.046 33 0.950 03
43.7 316.85 0.1047 0.878 85 0.046 40 0.949 50
997
998
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 A. W. Francis, Ind. Eng. Chem. 46, 205–7 共1954兲.
The synthetic method was used. Mixtures were prepared in 共1兲 source not specified; dried by refluxing over freshly ignited 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴
sealed tubes; water was added from a weighed pipette to a lime, and then with magnesium, distilled. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
known mass of alcohol–benzene mixture. 共2兲 source not specified; chemically purified, crystallized,
distilled, dried over phosphoric anhydride. Variables: Compiled by:
共3兲 not specified. T/K⫽295 A. Skrzecz
Estimated Error:
composition ⬍0.2%; temp. ⬍0.2 °C. Experimental Data
Compositions along the saturation curve
x1 x2
T/K
22 295 0.120 0.001 0.195 0.005

0.244 0.004 0.360 0.015
0.407 0.011 0.535 0.035
0.524 0.036 0.610 0.102

0.561 0.052 0.620 0.140
0.585 0.072 0.613 0.185
0.599 0.077 0.618 0.194
0.603 0.144 0.550 0.320
0.589 0.205 0.489 0.415
0.574 0.254 0.445 0.480
0.474 0.411 0.308 0.650
0.356 0.565 0.200 0.775
0.253 0.678 0.130 0.850
0.161 0.794 0.076 0.912
0.112 0.868 0.050 0.945
0.094 0.894 0.041 0.956

The experimental procedure was not reported. Temperature was 共1兲 source not specified.
reported to be in the range 21–23 °C. Data were presented as a 共2兲 source not specified.
part of quaternary data of methanol–benzene–aniline–water 共3兲 source not specified.
system.
Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾1 °C.
31.51 304.66 0.0587 0.0006 0.0997 0.0026
38.69 311.84 0.0587 0.0007 0.0997 0.0029
Components: Original Measurements: 46.03 319.18 0.0588 0.0008 0.0997 0.0032
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 V. V. Udovenko and T. F. Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 2324–7 54.00 327.15 0.0587 0.0009 0.0996 0.0037
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共1963兲. 61.40 334.55 0.0588 0.0011 0.0996 0.0044
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
23.00 296.15 0.1032 0.0007 0.1695 0.0030
30.64 303.79 0.1032 0.0008 0.1694 0.0034
T/K⫽289– 341 A. Skrzecz 41.51 314.66 0.1032 0.0011 0.1693 0.0043
47.38 320.53 0.1031 0.0012 0.1692 0.0046
54.80 327.95 0.1031 0.0014 0.1691 0.0055
Experimental Data
Compositions along the saturation curve 62.05 335.20 0.1031 0.0015 0.1690 0.0062
20.85 294.00 0.1792 0.0013 0.2786 0.0050
x1 x2 w1 w2 32.40 305.55 0.1791 0.0016 0.2783 0.0061
T/K 39.54 312.69 0.1791 0.0019 0.2780 0.0070
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
45.00 318.15 0.1791 0.0021 0.2778 0.0079
53.23 326.38 0.1790 0.0024 0.2775 0.0090
25.79 298.94 0.2862 0.6652 0.1479 0.8380
58.40 331.55 0.1790 0.0027 0.2772 0.0101
30.42 303.57 0.2849 0.6622 0.1477 0.8369
19.20 292.35 0.2437 0.0020 0.3623 0.0073
40.55 313.70 0.2831 0.6582 0.1474 0.8354

33.98 307.13 0.2435 0.0028 0.3613 0.0100
46.52 319.67 0.2816 0.6544 0.1472 0.8340
39.80 312.95 0.2434 0.0036 0.3603 0.0128
56.60 329.75 0.2791 0.6486 0.1468 0.8318
45.83 318.98 0.2432 0.0042 0.3595 0.0150
63.20 336.35 0.2773 0.6446 0.1465 0.8303
52.45 325.60 0.2430 0.0050 0.3584 0.0180
25.00 298.15 0.4065 0.5001 0.2422 0.7265
65.40 338.55 0.2427 0.0065 0.3565 0.0234
29.89 303.04 0.4036 0.4966 0.2416 0.7248
16.26 289.41 0.3407 0.0052 0.4725 0.0175
38.63 311.78 0.3973 0.4889 0.2403 0.7210
30.19 303.34 0.3398 0.0079 0.4682 0.0265
49.00 322.15 0.3886 0.4783 0.2385 0.7156
45.82 318.97 0.3389 0.0103 0.4643 0.0345
60.78 333.93 0.3806 0.4684 0.2368 0.7104
57.20 330.35 0.3379 0.0134 0.4595 0.0446
21.27 294.42 0.5579 0.2973 0.4090 0.5313
65.85 339.00 0.3372 0.0156 0.4562 0.0514
26.42 299.57 0.5532 0.2947 0.4076 0.5294
22.60 295.75 0.4511 0.0138 0.5742 0.0429
36.80 309.95 0.5419 0.2887 0.4041 0.5249
30.82 303.97 0.4500 0.0163 0.5697 0.0504
46.25 319.40 0.5323 0.2836 0.4011 0.5209
38.00 311.15 0.4489 0.0188 0.5653 0.0578
52.52 325.67 0.5199 0.2770 0.3971 0.5157
45.15 318.30 0.4477 0.0216 0.5605 0.0659
61.09 334.24 0.5065 0.2698 0.3926 0.5099
50.63 323.78 0.4467 0.0238 0.5567 0.0722
23.20 296.35 0.5844 0.2304 0.4675 0.4492
55.10 328.25 0.4445 0.0284 0.5487 0.0854
31.20 304.35 0.5734 0.2260 0.4635 0.4453
60.62 333.77 0.4430 0.0316 0.5433 0.0945
40.24 313.39 0.5597 0.2206 0.4584 0.4404
20.27 293.42 0.5396 0.0395 0.6184 0.1104
46.28 319.43 0.5495 0.2166 0.4545 0.4367
25.24 298.39 0.5372 0.0439 0.6106 0.1217
54.41 327.56 0.5341 0.2105 0.4485 0.4309
36.51 309.66 0.5331 0.0512 0.5979 0.1400
63.81 336.96 0.5168 0.2037 0.4415 0.4242

44.55 317.70 0.5277 0.0607 0.5817 0.1632
24.18 297.33 0.6028 0.1828 0.5157 0.3812
56.85 330.00 0.5190 0.0763 0.5565 0.1995
31.22 304.37 0.5918 0.1794 0.5111 0.3778
63.33 336.48 0.5120 0.0889 0.5372 0.2273
40.45 313.60 0.5756 0.1745 0.5042 0.3727
50.23 323.38 0.5579 0.1691 0.4965 0.3669
56.07 329.22 0.5453 0.1654 0.4908 0.3628
60.00 333.15 0.5366 0.1627 0.4868 0.3598
22.80 295.95 0.6103 0.1125 0.5866 0.2636
26.28 299.43 0.6034 0.1112 0.5830 0.2620
31.00 304.15 0.5862 0.1080 0.5739 0.2578
42.40 315.55 0.5622 0.1036 0.5607 0.2519
54.65 327.80 0.5339 0.0984 0.5445 0.2446
67.40 340.55 0.5027 0.0926 0.5258 0.2362
24.85 298.00 0.5735 0.0607 0.6186 0.1595
28.20 301.35 0.5596 0.0592 0.6094 0.1572
35.15 308.30 0.5427 0.0574 0.5980 0.1542
47.83 320.98 0.5113 0.0541 0.5761 0.1486
59.22 332.37 0.4820 0.0510 0.5548 0.1430
999
21.40 294.55 0.0588 0.0006 0.0998 0.0024
Compositions of coexisting phases Auxiliary Information
1000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
Solubility was measured by Alekseev’s method.1 Seven 共1兲 source not specified; b.p⫽63.85 °C at 750 Torr,
hydrocarbon- water- solubility temperature curves of constant alcohol–benzene d(30 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.7832, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.3267.
T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water- ratio and another seven curves of constant alcohol–water ratio 共2兲 source not spcified; b.p.⫽79.00 °C at 752 Torr,
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase were constructed. Phase equilibrium was determined by d(30 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.8680, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.4980.
comparison of density with calibration curves obtained for 共3兲 not specified.
30 303.2 0.0133 0.9846 0.0303 0.0006 0.0055 0.9940 0.0525 0.0025 saturation solutions. Critical points of solubility were obtained
0.0228 0.9730 0.0589 0.0007 0.0095 0.9895 0.1000 0.0030 by Alekseev’s method.1 Estimated Error:
0.0345 0.9592 0.1088 0.0008 0.0145 0.9840 0.1780 0.0030 Not reported.
0.0459 0.9457 0.1738 0.0016 0.0195 0.9785 0.2710 0.0060
References:
0.0595 0.9301 0.2712 0.0040 0.0255 0.9720 0.3940 0.0140 1
V. F. Alekseev, Gornyi Zh. 2, 385 共1885兲.
0.0739 0.9138 0.3631 0.0082 0.0320 0.9650 0.4930 0.0270
0.0913 0.8965 0.4460 0.0170 0.0400 0.9570 0.5650 0.0525
0.1104 0.8756 0.5049 0.0311 0.0490 0.9475 0.6000 0.0900
0.1186 0.8655 0.5432 0.0482 0.0530 0.9430 0.6100 0.1320
0.1328 0.8495 0.5734 0.0742 0.0600 0.9355 0.6020 0.1900
0.2167 0.7502 0.5938 0.1123 0.1050 0.8860 0.5750 0.2650
0.2297 0.7305 0.5949 0.1499 0.1130 0.8760 0.5390 0.3310

0.3671 0.5692 0.5599 0.2622 0.2050 0.7750 0.4310 0.4920
0.4696 0.4197 0.4696 0.4197 0.3020 0.6580 0.3020 0.6580a
45 318.2 0.0145 0.9813 0.0273 0.0006 0.0060 0.9930 0.0475 0.0025
0.0227 0.9709 0.0589 0.0007 0.0095 0.9890 0.1000 0.0030
0.0356 0.9560 0.1103 0.0013 0.0150 0.9830 0.1800 0.0050
0.0491 0.9363 0.1684 0.0024 0.0210 0.9755 0.2630 0.0090
0.0646 0.9149 0.2611 0.0056 0.0280 0.9670 0.3800 0.0200
0.0862 0.8896 0.3130 0.0082 0.0380 0.9560 0.4380 0.0280
0.1110 0.8575 0.4030 0.0154 0.0500 0.9420 0.5250 0.0490
0.1290 0.8360 0.4317 0.0187 0.0590 0.9320 0.5490 0.0580
0.1326 0.8287 0.4856 0.0341 0.0610 0.9290 0.5790 0.0990
0.1559 0.8023 0.5133 0.0466 0.0730 0.9160 0.5870 0.1300
0.2059 0.7501 0.5518 0.0921 0.1000 0.8880 0.5650 0.2300
0.2727 0.6753 0.5662 0.1542 0.1400 0.8450 0.5150 0.3420
0.3607 0.5634 0.5507 0.2467 0.2030 0.7730 0.4350 0.4750
0.4670 0.3893 0.4670 0.3893 0.3120 0.6340 0.3120 0.6340a
60 333.2 0.0144 0.9729 0.0212 0.0007 0.0060 0.9910 0.0370 0.0030
0.0238 0.9635 0.0560 0.0012 0.0100 0.9870 0.0950 0.0050
0.0491 0.9343 0.1038 0.0015 0.0210 0.9750 0.1700 0.0060
0.0534 0.9259 0.1614 0.0026 0.0230 0.9720 0.2530 0.0100
0.0751 0.8965 0.2187 0.0046 0.0330 0.9600 0.3280 0.0170
0.0899 0.8781 0.2978 0.0087 0.0400 0.9520 0.4200 0.0300
0.1065 0.8580 0.3344 0.0123 0.0480 0.9430 0.4570 0.0410
0.1082 0.8525 0.3764 0.0178 0.0490 0.9410 0.4950 0.0570
0.1303 0.8273 0.4250 0.0262 0.0600 0.9290 0.5330 0.0800
0.1866 0.7618 0.4706 0.0417 0.0900 0.8960 0.5560 0.1200
0.2220 0.7242 0.4900 0.0540 0.1100 0.8750 0.5580 0.1500
0.2380 0.7021 0.5186 0.0747 0.1200 0.8630 0.5580 0.1960
0.2668 0.6615 0.5346 0.1082 0.1390 0.8400 0.5350 0.2640
0.3610 0.5239 0.5271 0.1948 0.2120 0.7500 0.4550 0.4100
0.4099 0.4615 0.5020 0.2607 0.2550 0.7000 0.3950 0.5000
0.4648 0.3566 0.4648 0.3566 0.3240 0.6060 0.3240 0.6060a
a
Critical point of solubility.
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 J. O. Triday, J. Chem. Eng. Data 29, 321–4 共1984兲.
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 VINITI 438-76, 1–12 共1976兲. 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴
Variables: Compiled by: Variables: Compiled By:

T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz

x1 x2 w1 w2 w1 w2
T/K T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
20 293.2 0.331 0.626 0.176 0.811 24.8 293.0 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0017
0.450 0.474 0.273 0.701 0.1277 0.0025 0.2050 0.0098
0.528 0.362 0.359 0.599 0.1956 0.0028 0.2995 0.0105

0.578 0.276 0.434 0.505 0.2271 0.0029 0.3404 0.0106
0.614 0.191 0.516 0.392 0.2973 0.0042 0.4246 0.0146
0.3445 0.0047 0.4772 0.0159
Compositions of coexisting phases 0.4055 0.0055 0.5406 0.0179
0.4473 0.0105 0.5751 0.0329
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ 0.4867 0.0187 0.6006 0.0563
0.5284 0.0316 0.6196 0.0903
hydrocarbon- water-
0.5644 0.0443 0.6325 0.1210
T/K hydrocarbon- water- rich phase rich phase
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 0.5896 0.0632 0.6280 0.1641
0.6063 0.0862 0.6128 0.2124
20 293.2 0.0000 0.9974 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.9994 0.0000 0.0017 0.6151 0.1117 0.5909 0.2616
0.0192 0.9782 0.1538 0.0003 0.0080 0.9914 0.2441 0.0012 0.6181 0.1371 0.5671 0.3066
0.0450 0.9508 0.3498 0.0015 0.0190 0.9800 0.4871 0.0051 0.6060 0.1977 0.5057 0.4022
0.0674 0.9243 0.4814 0.0128 0.0290 0.9690 0.6040 0.0392 0.5940 0.2282 0.4751 0.4450
0.1145 0.8711 0.5972 0.0560 0.0510 0.9454 0.6430 0.1470 0.5816 0.2665 0.4417 0.4934
0.1775 0.7941 0.6320 0.1462 0.0834 0.9091 0.5678 0.3202 0.5595 0.2965 0.4104 0.5302
0.4410 0.4820 0.4410 0.4820 0.2658 0.7081 0.2658 0.7081a 0.5378 0.3386 0.3754 0.5761
0.5025 0.3880 0.3328 0.6264
a
0.4357 0.4897 0.2607 0.7142
0.3392 0.6072 0.1834 0.8003

0.2884 0.6698 0.1483 0.8396
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 0.2337 0.7341 0.1145 0.8767
The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. The 共1兲 source not specified. 0.0895 0.8992 0.0391 0.9581
synthetic method was used to determine phase equilibria. The 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity⬎99.9%. 0.0000 0.9974 0.0000 0.9994
mole fraction of hydrocarbon in the charge before separation 共3兲 not specified.
was about 0.30. After separation phases were analyzed by glc
to determine methanol and hydrocarbon; concentration of Estimated Error:
water was determined by the Karl Fischer method. Not reported.
1001
1002
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 Components: Evaluated by:
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
hydrocarbon- water-rich 共2兲 Cyclohexene; C6H10; 关110-83-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.04兲
t/°C hydrocarbon- water-rich rich phase phase 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
共compiler兲 T/K rich phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
24.8 293.0 0.0007 0.9967 0.0914 0.0020 0.0003 0.9991 0.1508 0.0080 3.5. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexene
0.0055 0.9915 0.1603 0.0026 0.0023 0.9970 0.2515 0.0099
0.0114 0.9852 0.2734 0.0036 0.0047 0.9945 0.3970 0.0127 A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
0.0199 0.9760 0.4322 0.0073 0.0083 0.9908 0.5649 0.0233 system methanol–cyclohexene–water is given in Table 5.
0.0371 0.9574 0.5033 0.0245 0.0156 0.9831 0.6075 0.0721
0.0667 0.9249 0.5547 0.0400 0.0287 0.9693 0.6303 0.1108 TABLE 5. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–cyclohexene–water
0.1339 0.8500 0.6182 0.1279 0.0604 0.9355 0.5763 0.2907
0.1708 0.8080 0.6187 0.1496 0.0793 0.9151 0.5556 0.3275 Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref.
0.1789 0.7986 0.6161 0.1698 0.0837 0.9104 0.5355 0.3598 Washburn et al., 1940 298 sat. 共16兲, eq. 共7兲 1
0.406 0.523 0.406 0.523 0.2359 0.7409 0.2359 0.7409a Budantseva et al., 1976 293 sat. 共6兲, eq. 共9兲 2
a a
Author’s plait point. Number of experimental points in parentheses.

Auxiliary Information Saturation curve
The system methanol–cyclohexene–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 1 covering the majority of the concentration triangle.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: Compositions along the saturation curves reported in both references were obtained by the titration method. Experimental data within each
The titration method was used to determine the binodal curve. 共1兲 AnalaR; distilled in a high-efficiency packed column; data set, measured at various temperatures, as well as between data sets, are consistent. Only one binary system, cyclohexene–water,
Binary homogeneous samples of known composition were ␳ (293 K)/(g cm⫺3)⫽0.7911, n(293 K)⫽1.3290. forms miscibility gap. Binary data of this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.3 The
titrated in a thermostated glass-stoppered bottle with the small 共2兲 Merck, analytical-grade; certificated purity ⬎ 99.5%; used as recommended, Ref. 3, values of mutual solubility at 298 K are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9983 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 035. Budantseva et al.2 report data of mutual
portions of the third component from Kimax microburette received; ␳ (293 K)/(g cm⫺3)⫽0.8790, n(293 K)⫽1.5011. solubility at 293.2 K which are almost equal x 2⬘ ⫽0.9981, x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 05. The saturation curves for both temperatures are located very
共with an accuracy of 0.01 cm3兲. The mass of the titrant was 共3兲 de-ionized and distilled. closely to one to another, a temperature difference 5 K is not significant. Maximum methanol concentration on saturation curve is
calculated from its volume and density. Liquid–liquid
observed at the region close to x 1 ⫽0.78, x 2 ⫽0.14. All experimental data, reported at 293 and 298 K in the two references are treated as
equilibrium was measured in the thermostated cell of 250 cm3 Estimated Error:
tentative.
capacity with magnetic stirrer for the mixtures resulting equal temp. ⫾0.1 K; composition ⫾0.0005 mole fraction.
volumes of both phases. After separation, both phases were Phases in equilibrium
analyzed by measuring the refractive indexes and comparing References: Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system methanol–cyclohexene–water were reported in both refer-
results with a calibration curve obtained earlier for saturated 1
D. B. Hand, J. Phys. Chem. 34, 1961 共1930兲. ences. After separation, phases in equilibrium were analyzed. Washburn et al. 1 reported that the hydrocarbon-rich phase did not contain
mixtures. Plait point was calculated by the author by the water, which presumably was the result of analytical limitations 共self constructed refractive index–composition curve兲. Budantseva et al.2
Hand’s method.1 used more precise analytical methods 共glc—for methanol and cyclohexene and the Karl Fischer—for water兲. Their results seem more
reliable. The plait point of the system reported at 293.2 K,1 was x 1 ⫽0.504, x 2 ⫽0.477. The miscibility gap of the binary cyclohexene–
methanol system may exist at temperatures below 270 K, but this region was not studied in Ref. 4. The equilibrium data are treated as
tentative. Experimental data of Budantseva et al.2 at 293.2 K are presented in Fig. 2.
FIG. 2. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—cyclohexene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 2, dashed
lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 2.
References:
1
E. R. Washburn, C. L. Graham, G. B. Arnold, and L. F. Transue, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1454 共1940兲. Components: Original Measurements:
2
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. VINITI 438-76, 1 共1976兲. 共1兲 Methanol 共mel alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 E. R. Washburn, C. L. Graham, G. B. Arnold, and L. F. Transue,
3
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, 共2兲 Cyclohexene; C6H10 ; 关110-83-8兴 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1454–7 共1940兲
New York, 1989兲. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
4
D. G. Shaw, A. Skrzecz, J. W. Lorimer, and A. Maczynski, eds., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 56, Alcohols with Hydrocarbons
共Pergamon, New York, 1994兲. Variables: Compiled by:
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25.0 298.15 0.2372 0.7585 0.1086 0.8903

0.3974 0.5937 0.2065 0.7909
0.5341 0.4514 0.3143 0.6809
0.6426 0.3366 0.4235 0.5688

0.7308 0.2317 0.5430 0.4413
0.7866 0.1397 0.6631 0.3020
0.7761 0.0731 0.7404 0.1787
0.7333 0.0401 0.7611 0.1067
0.6709 0.0231 0.7436 0.0657
0.6007 0.0117 0.7079 0.0352
0.5175 0.0064 0.6456 0.0205
0.4196 0.0025 0.5587 0.0087
0.3429 0.0013 0.4796 0.0048
0.2497 0.0005 0.3712 0.0020
0.1574 0.0002 0.2492 0.0010
0.0923 0.0001 0.1531 0.0005
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
T/K hydrocarbon-rich water-rich hydrocarbon- water-

t/°C 共compiler兲 phase 共compiler兲 phase 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
25.0 298.15 0.0026 0.9974 0.0563 0.0000 0.001 0.999 0.096 0.000
0.0051 0.9949 0.1086 0.0002 0.002 0.998 0.178 0.001
0.0051 0.9949 0.1723 0.0002 0.002 0.998 0.270 0.001
0.0077 0.9923 0.2018 0.0003 0.003 0.997 0.310 0.001

0.0102 0.9898 0.2734 0.0008 0.004 0.996 0.400 0.003
0.0302 0.9698 0.6373 0.0171 0.012 0.988 0.728 0.050
0.0521 0.9479 0.7252 0.0372 0.021 0.979 0.760 0.100

The titration method, as described in Ref. 1, was used. The 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Company, commercial grade; dried by
titrant, from a weighed pipette, was added to the weighed refluxing over active lime, twice distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C)
binary mixture of known composition and the mixture was ⫽0.7866, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.326 59.
kept in a thermostated bath. To confirm that the end-point was 共2兲 Eastman Kodak Company, commercial grade; distilled in an
reached the mixture was shaken automatically for at least 15 atmosphere of purified N2, collected in dried nitrogen-filled
min and then reexamined. The plot of refractive index against bottles; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8056, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.4434.
composition was then used to find compositions of equilibrium 共3兲 not specified.
phases. The refractive indexes were determined at the
temperature of 30.0 °C to eliminate an opalescence. Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
References:
1003
1
E. R. Washburn and A. E. Beguin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 579
共1940兲.
1004
Components: Original Measurements: Components: Evaluated by:
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
共2兲 Cyclohexene; C6H10 ; 关110-83-8兴 VINITI 438–76, 1–12 共1976兲. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H10 ; 关110-82-7兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.04兲

3.6. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexane
Experimental Data Critical Evaluation:
Compositions along the saturation curve A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲, compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 and
distribution of methanol between phases 共dist.兲 for the system methanol–cyclohexane–water is given in Table 6.
w1 w2
T/K TABLE 6. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–cyclohexane–water
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref.
20 293.2 0.230 0.761 0.105 0.892
0.368 0.618 0.188 0.808 Washburn and Spencer, 1934 298 sat. 共16兲, dist. 共6兲 1
0.469 0.513 0.261 0.733 Budantseva et al., 1976 293 eq. 共10兲 2
0.595 0.380 0.376 0.615 Letcher et al., 1991 298 sat. 共12兲, eq. 共3兲 3

0.680 0.287 0.474 0.513 Plackov and Stern, 1992 298 sat. 共14兲, eq. 共7兲 4
0.754 0.202 0.582 0.399
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses.

Saturation curves
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ The system methanol–cyclohexane–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 2 covering the majority of the concentration triangle.
Two binary systems, cyclohexane–water and cyclohexane–methanol, form miscibility gaps. The data of these binary systems were
hydrocarbon- water- compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 5 and 6, respectively. The recommended values5 of mutual
solubility of the cyclohexane–water system at 298.2 K are: x 2⬙ ⫽1.2•10⫺5 and x 3⬘ ⫽3.7•10⫺4 . The mutual solubility at 298.2 K and upper
critical solubility temperature of the methanol–cyclohexane system calculated on the basis of Ref. 6 are: x 1⬘ ⫽0.128 and x 1⬙ ⫽0.822 and
318.7 K. Reported data on the saturation curves describe mainly the cyclohexane-poor phase; there are few experimental points in the
20 293.2 0.0000 0.9981 0.0000 0.00005 0.0000 0.9996 0.0000 0.00023
cyclohexane-rich region. Data for both temperatures are in agreement with one another with the exception of the Washburn and Spencer
0.0045 0.9937 0.1603 0.0005 0.0018 0.9978 0.2531 0.0020
data1 in the cyclohexane-rich phase, which presents too high concentration of water. All experimental solubility and equilibrium data at
0.0103 0.9877 0.3437 0.0019 0.0040 0.9955 0.4797 0.0068
298 K in cyclohexane-poor phase1,3,4 were described by the equation:
0.0165 0.9813 0.4885 0.0058 0.0065 0.9930 0.6202 0.0189
x1⫽1.07468⫹0.05543 ln共x3兲⫺1.07833x 3 .
0.0284 0.9690 0.6185 0.0190 0.0113 0.9881 0.7101 0.0559
0.0447 0.9522 0.7107 0.0435 0.0180 0.9813 0.7400 0.1161 The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0030. The equation is valid in the
0.0655 0.9306 0.7561 0.0700 0.0267 0.9724 0.7317 0.1737 region of 0.02⬍x 3 ⬍0.50. The points on the saturation curve calculated by the above equation for the selected concentrations of water in
the mixture together with the recommended data of binary systems are presented in Table 7 and in Fig. 3 as solid line.
0.1004 0.8945 0.7736 0.1295 0.0419 0.9569 0.6669 0.2862
0.5040 0.4770 0.5040 0.4770 0.2901 0.7038 0.2901 0.7038a
TABLE 7. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 298.2 K
a
x1 x3 x1 x3
0.822 0.178 Ref. 6 0.6844 0.3000
The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. The 共1兲 source not specified. 0.8531 0.0400 0.6483 0.3400
synthetic method was used to determine phase equilibria. The 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity ⬎ 99.9%. 0.8540 0.0600 0.6299 0.3600
mole fraction of hydrocarbon in the charge before separation 共3兲 not specified. 0.8484 0.0800 0.6113 0.3800
was about 0.30. After separation phases were analyzed by glc
0.8392 0.1000 0.5926 0.4000
to determine methanol and hydrocarbon; concentration of Estimated Error:
water was determined by the Karl Fischer method. Not reported. 0.8278 0.1200 0.5737 0.4200
0.8147 0.1400 0.5547 0.4400
0.8006 0.1600 0.5356 0.4600
0.7855 0.1800 0.5164 0.4800
0.7698 0.2000 0.4971 0.5000
0.7535 0.2200 0.0000 0.999988 Ref. 5
0.7368 0.2400 0.0000 0.00037 Ref. 5
0.7197 0.2600 0.128 0.0000 Ref. 6
0.7022 0.2800
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system methanol–cyclohexane–water were reported in Refs 2, 3, Components: Original Measurements:
and 4. In Ref. 1 the distribution of methanol between two phases 共hydrocarbon-rich and hydrocarbon-poor兲 was reported. The lines 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 E. R. Washburn and H. C. Spencer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56,
reported by Letcher et al.3 were measured at the pressure of 94.7 kPa, but the influence of such pressure difference 共6.6 kPa兲 on 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴 361–4 共1934兲.
liquid–liquid equilibria may be neglected. The experimental tie lines of Budantseva et al., Ref. 2, even they were measured at 293.2 K, 共3兲Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
are in agreement with tie lines of Plackov and Stern,4 measured at a little higher temperature of 298.2 K. The three tie lines presented by
Letcher et al.3 were measured with the accuracy 0.01 mole fraction, as was reported in the paper and are not consistent with data of Ref. Variables: Compiled by:
4. Therefore data of Plackov and Stern,4 in the opinion of evaluator, appear reliable and are considered as tentative. They are presented T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
in Fig. 3.
Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
25.0 298.2 0.1398 0.0002 0.2241 0.0010

0.2372 0.0005 0.3556 0.0019
0.3058 0.0008 0.4383 0.0031

0.4663 0.0025 0.6043 0.0086
0.5979 0.0056 0.7156 0.0176
0.6699 0.0100 0.7645 0.0301
0.7106 0.0151 0.7857 0.0437
0.7504 0.0219 0.8018 0.0614
0.8072 0.0340 0.8188 0.0906
0.8464 0.0580 0.8041 0.1448
25.0 298.2 0.8491 0.0780 0.7754 0.1872
0.8501 0.1237 0.7145 0.2731
0.8264 0.1736 0.6445 0.3555
0.0935 0.9065 0.0378 0.9622
0.0395 0.9406 0.0157 0.9799
FIG. 3. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—cyclohexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, 0.0233 0.9683 0.0091 0.9891
䊐—experimental data, Ref. 3, 䉭—experimental data, Ref. 4, dashed lines—tie lines, Ref. 4.
References: Distribution of methanol in methanol–cyclohexane–water system

1
E. R. Washburn and H. C. Spencer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 361 共1934兲.
w ⬘1 w ⬙1
2
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. VINITI 438–76, 1 共1976兲. T/K hydrocarbon- water-
3
T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem. 44, 118 共1991兲. t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
4
D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid. Phase Equilib. 71, 189 共1992兲.
5
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon 25.0 298.2 0.0005 0.032
New York, 1989兲. 0.0025 0.151
6 0.0040 0.268
共Pergamon, New York, 1994兲. 0.0050 0.349
0.0065 0.388
0.0070 0.418
1005
1006
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc.
The titration method was used to obtain points on the 共1兲 synthetic from Merck Co.; refluxed over freshly ignited lime, 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴 VINITI 438–76, 1–12 共1976兲.
saturation curve. A flask containing weighted amounts of two distilled, d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.786 73, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.326 60. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
liquids was suspended in a temperature controlled water bath 共2兲 Eastman Kodak Co., ‘‘best grade;’’ crystallized, distilled,
and the third liquid added by means of a glass dropper which dried over Na, distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.773 54, n(25 °C,D) Variables: Compiled by:
was thrust through a cork stopper. The flask was shaken after ⫽1.423 70, f.p.⫽6.10 °C. T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz
each addition of the third liquid and sufficient time allowed for 共3兲 distilled.
equilibrium to be reached. In order to ensure complete
saturation near the end-point, the bath was warmed a few Estimated Error: Experimental Data
tenths of a degree so that complete solution occurred and then temp. ⫾0.1 °C 共estimated by the compiler兲. Compositions of coexisting phases
cooled to 24.8 °C. The refractive index of each saturated
mixture was measured. The tie lines were determined as References: x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
1
recorded in Refs. 1 and 2. Refractive indexes and E. R. Washburn, V. Hnizda, and R. D. Vold, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
concentrations of methanol in phases in equilibrium were 53, 3237 共1931兲. hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
2 hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- rich phase poor phase
reported in the paper. R. D. Vold and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4217
共1932兲. t/°C T/K共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
20 293.2 0.0000 0.999 53 0.0000 0.000 015 0.0000 0.999 90 0.0000 0.000 070
0.0030 0.9965 0.1935 0.0000 0.0011 0.9987 0.2991 0.0002

0.0058 0.9937 0.3605 0.0005 0.0022 0.9977 0.4999 0.0018
0.0086 0.9909 0.4990 0.0020 0.0033 0.9966 0.6358 0.0067
0.0130 0.9861 0.6310 0.0062 0.0050 0.9948 0.7413 0.0191
0.0181 0.9810 0.7284 0.0130 0.0070 0.9928 0.8023 0.0376
0.0268 0.9723 0.8000 0.0253 0.0104 0.9894 0.8293 0.0689
0.0394 0.9597 0.8409 0.0461 0.0154 0.9844 0.8200 0.1181
0.0798 0.9193 0.8717 0.0808 0.0320 0.9678 0.7849 0.1911
0.1390 0.8610 0.8570 0.1430 0.0579 0.9421 0.6953 0.3047

The synthetic method was used. The mole fraction of 共1兲 source not specified.
hydrocarbon in the charge before separation was about 0.30. 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity ⬎99.9%.
After separation phases were analyzed by glc to determine 共3兲 not specified.
methanol and hydrocarbon; concentration of water was Estimated Error:
determined by the Karl Fischer method. Not reported.
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 71, 189–209
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴 44, 118–21 共1991兲. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴共1992兲.


w1 w2 w1 w2
t/°C T/K
共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲 t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 25 298.2 0.1114 0.8886 0.0456 0.9544
0.212 0.001 0.323 0.004 0.8250 0.1750 0.6422 0.3578
0.360 0.002 0.497 0.007 0.8495 0.1195 0.7194 0.2658

0.457 0.003 0.595 0.010 0.8462 0.0760 0.7766 0.1832
0.565 0.006 0.687 0.019 0.8158 0.0472 0.8023 0.1219
0.682 0.016 0.763 0.047 0.6196 0.0091 0.7270 0.0280
0.780 0.029 0.809 0.079 0.5050 0.0033 0.6391 0.0110
0.845 0.080 0.770 0.191 0.4289 0.0019 0.5689 0.0066
0.842 0.136 0.695 0.295 0.3365 0.0010 0.4729 0.0037
0.825 0.175 0.642 0.358 0.2713 0.0005 0.3978 0.0019
0.093 0.907 0.038 0.962 0.2149 0.0004 0.3270 0.0016
0.000 0.999 0.0000 0.9998 0.1524 0.0003 0.2421 0.0013
0.0961 0.0003 0.1589 0.0013
0.0454 0.0002 0.0779 0.0009
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ Compositions of coexisting phases
hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
t/°C hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- rich phase poor phase
共compiler兲 T/K rich phase poor phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
T/K hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- rich phase poor phase
25.0 298.2 0.025 0.974 0.323 0.001 0.010 0.990 0.458 0.004 t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.051 0.949 0.533 0.005 0.020 0.980 0.661 0.016
25 298.2 0.0006 0.9988 0.100 0.000 0.0002 0.9996 0.165 0.000
0.074 0.926 0.737 0.023 0.030 0.970 0.790 0.065 0.0019 0.9975 0.242 0.001 0.0007 0.9991 0.361 0.004
0.0047 0.9948 0.369 0.001 0.0018 0.9981 0.508 0.004

Auxiliary Information 0.0064 0.9931 0.529 0.005 0.0024 0.9974 0.658 0.016
0.0097 0.9898 0.719 0.025 0.0037 0.9962 0.774 0.071
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 0.0276 0.9720 0.828 0.053 0.0107 0.9892 0.801 0.135
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck; AR grade; refluxed with Mg and I2, distilled; purity 0.0567 0.9430 0.843 0.106 0.0224 0.9776 0.733 0.242
titration method, as described in Ref. 1. The formation of a ⬎99.9 mole % by glc.
cloudy mixture was observed visually on shaking after 共2兲 BDH; Gold label grade; used as received; purity ⬎99.9
Auxillary Information
addition of a known mass of the third component; syringes mole % by glc.
were precisely weighed. Tie line compositions were 共3兲 not specified.
determined by the refractive index method,2 and a
complementary method using the Karl Fischer titration.3 Estimated Error: Binodal compositions were determined by titration with the 共1兲 Kemika 共Zagreb兲; analytical grade; presumably used as
Measurements were made at pressure of 94.7 kPa. composition ⫾ 0.005 mole fraction 共binodal curve兲, ⫾ 0.01 mole corresponding, less-soluble component until the appearance of received; n⫽1.3624, ␳ (25 °C)⫽787.7 kg/m3, b.p.⫽64.6 °C.
fraction 共tie lines兲. turbidity.1 The analytical method was used for determination 共2兲 Kemika 共Zagreb兲; purity not specified; presumably used as
of tie-lines. This was based on refractive indexes and densities received; n⫽1.4232, ␳ (25 °C)⫽773.9 kg/m3, b.p.⫽80.0 °C.
References: of the samples, Ref. 1, combined with the oxidation of the 共3兲 twice distilled in the presence of KMnO4.
1
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. alcohol with an excess of potassium dichromate and
Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲. determination of unreduced dichromate with Na2S2O3. Alcohol Estimated Error:
2
S. W. Briggs and F. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411 in the organic layer was determined after extraction with composition ⬍ 0.0005 mass fraction, binodal, 共relative兲;
共1993兲. water. composition ⫾ 2%, tie line.
3
1007
T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, J.
Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053 共1989兲. References:
1
D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 57, 327 共1990兲.
1008
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲;CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
共2兲 1-Hexene; C6H12; 关592-41-6兴 VINITI 438-76, 1–12 共1976兲. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.04兲

T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz 3.8. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane
Critical Evaluation
A survey of reported in the literature compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in
3.7. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Hexene equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the system methanol–hexane–water is given in Table 8.
Experimental Data
Compositions along the saturation curve TABLE 8. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–hexane–water
w1 w2
T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 Bonner, 1909 273 sat. 共11兲 1
Suhrmann and Walter, 1951 311–323 sat. 共7兲 2
20 293.2 0.229 0.762 0.102 0.895
Kogan et al., 1956 283,293 Eq. 共9兲 3
0.392 0.593 0.200 0.795
Eq. 共10兲

Budantseva et al., 1976 293 4
0.513 0.465 0.294 0.699
a
0.614 0.357 0.392 0.598 Number of experimental points in parentheses.
0.690 0.275 0.482 0.504
0.746 0.203 0.570 0.408 Saturation curve
The system methanol–hexane–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 2 covering the majority of the concentration triangle. Two
binary systems, hexane–water and hexane–methanol, are partially miscible at the reported temperatures. The data for these binary
systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 5 and 6, respectively. The recommended,
values5 of mutual solubility for the hexane water system at 293.2 K are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.999 47 and x ⬙2 ⫽2.5•10⫺6 . The binary data reported in Ref.
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
4, x ⬘2 ⫽0.999 63 and x ⬙2 ⫽3•10⫺6 , are in very close agreement. The recommended upper critical solution temperature and mutual
water- solubilities at 293.2 K of the methanol–hexane system calculated on the basis of Ref. 6 are: 306.8 K and x ⬘1 ⫽0.210, x ⬙1 ⫽0.822. These
T/K hydrocarbon- water- hydrocarbon-rich phase rich phase recommended solubilities are exactly the mean value of experimental data reported in Refs. 3 and 4 which were also used in evaluation
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 of the binary system. Concentration differences, in mole fraction, in hexane-rich phase are about 0.03 and in hexane-poor phase—0.006
and 0.02. Measurements along the saturation curve only were reported by Bonner1 at 273 K and Suhrmann and Walter2 in the range
20 293.2 0.0000 0.9984 0.0000 0.000 01 0.0000 0.999 66 0.0000 0.000 05 311–323 K. This last paper shows the influence of water on the upper critical solution temperature of the system methanol–hexane. In the
0.0049 0.9937 0.1564 0.0000 0.0019 0.9978 0.2479 0.0002 other studies phases in equilibrium were presented which may also be treated as points on saturation curve. The data for the hydrocarbon-
0.0120 0.9866 0.3359 0.0004 0.0046 0.9951 0.4730 0.0015 poor phase on the saturation curve3,4 in the region x 3 ⬍0.33 were described by the equation:
0.0194 0.9792 0.4973 0.0021 0.0075 0.9922 0.6341 0.0070 x1⫽1.08162⫹0.04830 ln共x3兲⫺1.09286x 3 .
0.0359 0.9623 0.6227 0.0088 0.0140 0.9856 0.7300 0.0271 The least-squares method was used and the standard error of estimate was 0.0026. For the selected concentrations of water in the mixture
0.0566 0.9407 0.7250 0.0218 0.0224 0.9770 0.7841 0.0619 this part of saturation curve was calculated and the results are presented in Table 9 and in Fig. 4 as solid line. The part of the saturation
0.0830 0.9134 0.7703 0.0421 0.0334 0.9658 0.7810 0.1121 curve 共hydrocarbon-poor branch兲 in the region of x 1 ⬍0.65 presents very low concentration of hydrocarbon and on the basis of reported
0.1469 0.8468 0.7885 0.1038 0.0619 0.9366 0.7030 0.2431 papers the relationship between concentrations of methanol and hexane may be treated as linear. The maximum concentration of methanol
0.1988 0.7931 0.7736 0.1529 0.0869 0.9111 0.6359 0.3301 in hexane-poor phase of saturation curve, estimated on the basis of Ref. 4, is x 1 ⫽0.88 and x 2 ⫽0.08 within an accuracy 0.01 mole
0.5200 0.4580 0.5200 0.4580 0.2997 0.6932 0.2997 0.6932a fraction. The experimental points of hexane-rich branch of saturation curve contain a very small amount of water and therefore were not
described 共concentration of water was smaller than 0.0001 mass fraction, Ref. 3兲.
a
TABLE 9. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 293.2 K 共hexane-poor phase兲
x1 x3 x1 x3
The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. The 共1兲 source not specified. 0.210 0.0000 Ref. 6 0.8021 0.1800
synthetic method was used to determine phase equilibria. The 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity ⬎99.9%. 0.822 0.0000 Ref. 6 0.7853 0.2000
mole fraction of hydrocarbon in the charge before separation 共3兲 not specified. 0.8483 0.0100 0.7681 0.2200
was about 0.30. After separation phases were analyzed by glc 0.8708 0.0200 0.7504 0.2400
to determine methanol and hydrocarbon; concentration of Estimated Error: 0.8824 0.0400 0.7324 0.2600
water was determined by the Karl Fischer method. Not reported. 0.8802 0.0600 0.7141 0.2800
0.8722 0.0800 0.6956 0.3000
0.8611 0.1000 0.6769 0.3200
0.8481 0.1200 0.0000 0.999 997 5 Ref. 5
0.8337 0.1400 0.0000 0.000 53 Ref. 5
0.8183 0.1600
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system methanol–hexane–water were reported in Refs. 3 and 4 at Components: Original Measurements:
283.2 and 293.2 K, respectively. The phases, when equilibrium was reached, were separated and then analyzed in various ways: methanol 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738–89 共1909–1910兲.
was determined by reaction with phthalic anhydride, Ref. 3, or by glc, Ref. 4; water was determined by the Karl Fischer reaction.3,4 The 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
compositions of phases in equilibrium reported in both Refs. 3 and 4 are consistent with one another. They are presented in Fig. 4. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
0.0 273.2 0.9018 0.0731 0.8106 0.1767

0.8950 0.0549 0.8358 0.1379
0.8762 0.0394 0.8510 0.1030

0.8674 0.0303 0.8619 0.0809
0.8540 0.0245 0.8642 0.0667
0.8288 0.0172 0.8619 0.0481
0.8256 0.0163 0.8615 0.0457
0.7857 0.0106 0.8459 0.0308
0.7650 0.0096 0.8337 0.0283
0.7040 0.0064 0.7964 0.0193
0.5004 0.0017 0.6375 0.0058
FIG. 4. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—hexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve,
䊊—experimental data, Ref. 3, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 4, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 3 and 4. Auxiliary Information

References:
In a tube 1 cm diameter and 12 cm long known amount, by 共1兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled; n(14 °C兲
1
W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738 共1909–1910兲.
weight, of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a ⫽1.330 70.
2
R. Suhrmann and R. Walter, Abh. Braunschw. Wiss. Ges. 3, 135 共1951兲. temperature controlled bath. The contents of the tube were 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled; n(14 °C兲
3
V. B. Kogan, I. V. Deizenrot, T. A. Kulbyaeva, and V. M. Fridman, Zh. Prikl. Khim 共Leningrad兲 29, 1387 共1956兲. stirred and alcohol was added gradually until a homogeneous ⫽1.383 82.
4
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsoy, Dep. Doc. VINITI 438–76, 1 共1976兲. solution was obtained. Observations were made visually 共3兲 not specified.
5
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were
New York, 1989兲. always weighed immediately before and after each experiment. Estimated Error:
6 Concentrations were reported as weight of water in 1 g of accuracy of weighing 0.0001 g.
binary water–hydrocarbon mixture and the weight of alcohol

necessary to make a homogenous solution. The mass of binary
water–hydrocarbon mixture was about 1 g; the mass of
alcohol—up to 5 g.
1009
1010
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲;CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 R. Suhrmann and R. Walter, Abh. Braunschw. Wiss. Ges. 3, 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 V. B. Kogan, I. V. Deizenrot, T. A. Kulbyaeva, and V. M.
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 135–52 共1951兲. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 Fridman, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 29, 1387–92 共1956兲.

T/K⫽311– 323 A. Skrzecz T/K⫽283– 293 A. Skrzecz

Compositions along the saturation curve Compositions of coexisting phases
x1 x2 w1 w2 x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲 vol% of H2O 共compiler兲共compiler兲 hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
T/K rich phase poor phase hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
38.1 311.25 0.173 0.5299 0.4680 0.2961 0.7033 t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase
40.0 313.15 0.276 0.5293 0.4675 0.2960 0.7030
42.0 315.15 0.378 0.5286 0.4669 0.2958 0.7028 10.0 283.15 0.1217 0.8783 0.8748 0.1252 0.049 0.951 0.722 0.278
44.1 317.25 0.476 0.5280 0.4664 0.2957 0.7025 0.0342 0.9658 0.8236 0.0201 0.013 0.987 0.853 0.056

48.0 321.15 0.667 0.5268 0.4653 0.2955 0.7020 0.0251 0.9749 0.7303 0.0067 0.0095 0.9905 0.815 0.020
48.1 321.25 0.680 0.5267 0.4652 0.2955 0.7019 0.0064 0.9936 0.5840 0.0000 0.0024 0.9976 0.714 0.000
50.1 323.25 0.778 0.5261 0.4647 0.2954 0.7017 20.0 293.15 0.1811 0.8189 0.8157 0.1843 0.076 0.924 0.622 0.378
0.0520 0.9480 0.8177 0.0278 0.020 0.980 0.835 0.0763
0.0470 0.9530 0.7270 0.0080 0.018 0.982 0.810 0.024
0.0316 0.9684 0.6480 0.0032 0.012 0.988 0.760 0.010
To the binary methanol–hexane mixture of constant 共1兲 Riedel de Haen and Merck, pure for analysis grade; dried
composition 共74.1 vol. % of hexane兲 known amounts of water over CaO for 2 weeks, distilled over Mg共ClO4兲2; b.p. Auxiliary Information
were added and the turbidity temperature was measured. A ⫽64.78 °C, n(18 °C,D兲⫽1.3292, d(16.3 °C,4 °C兲
linear relationship was obtained for change of turbidity ⫽0.7950– 0.7955. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
temperature with number of moles of water in 1000 moles of 共2兲 Ruhrchemie Holten; distilled three times; b.p.⫽68.8 °C,
The analytical method was used. The two phase mixture was 共1兲 source not specified, pure grade; distilled; contained ⬍0.01%
methanol. d(20 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.6608.
periodically shaken in a thermostated burette with water jacket of water; n(20 °C兲⫽1.3391.
for several hours. The phases were removed for analysis after 共2兲 source not specified; used as received; b.p.⫽68.7 °C,
separation. Methanol was determined by reaction with phthalic n(20 °C兲⫽1.3753.
Estimated Error:
anhydride; water was determined by the Karl Fischer method. 共3兲 not specified.
temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
Water concentration in hydrocarbon-rich phase was smaller
than 0.01–0.02%. Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.05 °C; soly.⬍⫾1% 共relative error of methanol
concentration兲.
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 VINITI 438-76, 1–12 共1976兲. 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.03兲

T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz 3.9. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene
Experimental Data
Compositions of coexisting phases A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲, compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 and
distribution of methanol between phases 共distr.兲 for the system methanol–toluene–water is given in Table 10.
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
TABLE 10. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–toluene–water
hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
t/ °C 共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
Mason and Washburn, 1937 298 sol. 共13兲, distr. 共7兲 1
20 293.2 0.0000 0.99963 0.0000 0.000003 0.0000 0.99992 0.0000 0.000014
Leikola, 1940 293 sol. 共8兲 2

0.0051 0.9944 0.1847 0.0000 0.0019 0.9980 0.2872 0.0001
Letcher and Siswana, 1992 298 sol. 共14兲, Eq. 共6兲 3
0.0099 0.9896 0.3497 0.0001 0.0037 0.9962 0.4887 0.0004
0.0160 0.9835 0.5206 0.0008 0.0060 0.9939 0.6575 0.0027 a
0.0246 0.9749 0.6428 0.0025 0.0093 0.9906 0.7572 0.0079
0.0362 0.9629 0.7513 0.0091 0.0138 0.9860 0.8252 0.0269
0.0444 0.9547 0.7958 0.0126 0.0170 0.9828 0.8489 0.0362 Saturation curve
0.0718 0.9268 0.8576 0.0336 0.0280 0.9717 0.8498 0.0895 The system methanol–toluene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Only one binary system, toluene–water, is partially miscible.
0.1394 0.8590 0.8822 0.0785 0.0569 0.9427 0.7909 0.1893 Data for this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.4 The recommended values of mutual
0.2360 0.7640 0.8390 0.1610 0.1030 0.8970 0.6596 0.3404 solubility of toluene–water system at 298.2 K are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9972 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000104, by Ref. 4. This critical evaluation is based on the
original papers with the exception of data of Leikola,2 which were taken from the handbook of Kafarov;5 this data set was also taken into
Auxiliary Information account during evaluation but is not reported as a compilation sheet because it does not contribute further to knowledge of the system. The
end points of saturation curve3 were reported to be x 2 ⫽0.999 and pure water which is inconsistent with recommended values but within
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: the accuracy of experimental measurements 共0.001 mole fraction兲 stated by the authors. The experimental saturation data reported in Refs.
The synthetic method was used. The mole fraction of 共1兲 source not specified. 1 and 3 at 298.2 K show similar behavior of the system with differences in the most difficult to measure region, close to the plait point.
hydrocarbon in the charge before separation was about 0.30. 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity ⬎99.9%. In this region, 0.15⬍x 2 ⬍0.6, Mason and Washburn1 reported a slightly larger miscibility gap 共about 0.04 mole fraction of water兲 than did
After separation phases were analyzed by glc to determine 共3兲 not specified.
Letcher and Siswana.3 Leikola2 at 293.2 K presents a smaller solubility gap than Ref. 1, but a little larger than Ref. 3. It seems, that results
methanol and hydrocarbon; concentration of water was
determined by the Karl Fischer method. Estimated Error: of Letcher and Siswana3 at 298 K are the most reasonable. Therefore only data of Ref. 3 presenting saturation and equilibrium data were
Not reported. used to derive the equation:
x1⫽1.0652⫹0.1260 ln共x2兲⫺1.1183x 2 ⫹0.0591x 22 .
The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0070. The equation is valid in the
region of 0.02⬍x 2 ⬍0.94. Selected points on the saturation curve, calculated by this equation together with the ‘‘best’’ values of Ref. 4
are presented in Table 11 and as solid line in Fig. 5. The water-rich branch of saturation curve contains only a small amount of toluene
(x 2 ⬍0.0001) and toluene was not detected in either study. These experimental points are not described by any model. The maximum
methanol concentration observed on the saturation curve at 298 K was x 1 ⫽0.68⫾0.01.
1011
1012
x1 x2 x x2
0.0000 0.000 104 Ref. 4 0.4335 0.500

0.5499 0.020 0.4173 0.520
0.6150 0.040 0.4009 0.540
0.6438 0.060 0.3844 0.560
0.6579 0.080 0.3678 0.580
0.6638 0.100 0.3511 0.600
0.6647 0.120 0.3343 0.620
0.6621 0.140 0.3175 0.640
0.6569 0.160 0.3005 0.660
0.6498 0.180 0.2835 0.680
0.6411 0.200 0.2664 0.700
0.6313 0.220 0.2493 0.720
0.6204 0.240 0.2321 0.740
0.6087 0.260 0.2148 0.760
0.5963 0.280 0.1976 0.780

0.5833 0.300 0.1803 0.800
0.5698 0.320 0.1629 0.820
0.5559 0.340 0.1456 0.840 FIG. 5. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—toluene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve,
0.5415 0.360 0.1282 0.860 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 3, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 3.
0.5269 0.380 0.1108 0.880
0.5119 0.400 0.0933 0.900 References:
0.4966 0.420 0.0759 0.920
1
L. S. Mason and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 2076 共1937兲.
0.4811 0.440 0.0584 0.940
2
E. Leikola, Suomen Kemistil. B 13, 13 共1940兲.
0.4654 0.460 0.0000 0.9972 Ref. 4
3
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203 共1992兲.
0.4496 0.480
4
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon
New York, 1989兲.
5
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium of the ternary system methanol–toluene–water were reported only in Ref. 3. The
tie lines are consistent with one another. They are considered tentative. Experimental tie lines together with all experimental saturation
points at 298.2 K are presented in Fig. 5. The calculated plait point of the system at 293.2 K, Ref. 3, was x 1 ⫽0.43, x 2 ⫽0.50.
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 L. S. Mason and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 2076–7 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关 67-56-1兴 T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203–
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴共1937兲. 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 17 共1992兲.


x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K T/K
t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
25 298.2 0.2040 0.7785 0.0832 0.9128 25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.2937 0.6766 0.1302 0.8624 0.405 0.006 0.538 0.023
0.4869 0.4675 0.2622 0.7240 0.504 0.014 0.618 0.049

0.5867 0.3343 0.3684 0.6037 0.604 0.038 0.660 0.119
0.6686 0.2021 0.5056 0.4394 0.648 0.057 0.663 0.168
0.6841 0.1033 0.6215 0.2699 0.675 0.100 0.620 0.264
0.6454 0.0491 0.6735 0.1472 0.662 0.153 0.549 0.365
0.5648 0.0215 0.6573 0.0720 0.632 0.219 0.470 0.468
0.4657 0.0077 0.5940 0.0283 0.577 0.301 0.382 0.573
0.3948 0.0035 0.5312 0.0137 0.502 0.406 0.292 0.678
0.2828 0.0012 0.4106 0.0050 0.393 0.546 0.197 0.786
0.1510 0.0003 0.2400 0.0014 0.234 0.736 0.099 0.894
0.0389 0.0001 0.0672 0.0006 0.130 0.857 0.050 0.947
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
Distribution of methanol in methanol–toluene–water system
w 1⬘ w 1⬙
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
T/K hydrocarbon- water-
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-rich
T/K hydrocarbon- water-rich rich phase phase
25 298.2 0.000 0.025 t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.001 0.101
0.002 0.154 25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.002 0.220 0.051 0.946 0.290 0.002 0.018 0.981 0.418 0.008
0.004 0.322 0.068 0.926 0.372 0.004 0.025 0.974 0.507 0.016
0.008 0.406 0.092 0.902 0.469 0.010 0.034 0.965 0.593 0.036
0.022 0.428 0.133 0.856 0.547 0.022 0.051 0.946 0.642 0.074
0.222 0.765 0.653 0.057 0.091 0.906 0.666 0.167

The titration method was used. Water was added to binary 共1兲 synthetically prepared; dried over lime, distilled;
alcohol–toluene mixtures of known composition until the d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.78672, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.326 60.
saturation point was reached. The refractive indexes of these 共2兲 Mallinckrodt, reagent grade; dried over Na, distilled;
mixtures were determined with an immersion refractometer d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.862 16, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.493 75.
and then were used to construct the refractive index/ 共3兲 distilled from KMnO4.
composition curve, which was used further to find
compositions of equilibrium phases. Estimated Error:
Not reported.
1013
1014
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 T. M. Letcher, B. C. Bricknell, J. D. Sewry, and S. E. Radloff, J.
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and 共2兲 1-Heptene; C7H14; 关592-76-7兴 Chem. Eng. Data 39, 320–3 共1994兲.
formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.786 88, n 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
a known mass of one component to a mixture of known ⫽1.3265.
masses of the other two components. Precision weighing 共2兲 BDH; used as received; purity better than 99.6 mole % by Variables: Compiled by:
syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc. T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
compositions were determined by the refractive index method 共3兲 not specified.
reported in Ref. 2 and a complementary method using the Karl
Fischer titrations as reported in Ref. 3. Estimated Error:
3.10. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Heptene
estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and Experimental Data
0.01 mole fraction for tie lines 共estimated by the authors兲. Compositions along the saturation curve
References:
1 w1 w2
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heward, J.
T/K
Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
2 t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
共1943兲.
3 25.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. Van der Watt, and S. Radloff,
0.264 0.731 0.105 0.894
J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053 共1989兲.
0.454 0.539 0.215 0.783

0.601 0.390 0.334 0.664
0.707 0.283 0.448 0.549
0.772 0.210 0.542 0.451
0.805 0.165 0.606 0.381
0.834 0.102 0.705 0.264
0.827 0.053 0.782 0.154
0.750 0.020 0.797 0.065
0.554 0.012 0.664 0.044
0.396 0.010 0.521 0.040
0.239 0.006 0.351 0.027
0.049 0.001 0.084 0.005
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-rich
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.375 0.618 0.690 0.301 0.165 0.833 0.427 0.570
0.240 0.754 0.805 0.165 0.094 0.905 0.606 0.381
0.184 0.811 0.757 0.020 0.069 0.930 0.802 0.065
0.116 0.881 0.571 0.017 0.041 0.958 0.668 0.061

The experimental methods have been described in Ref. 1. No 共1兲 source not specified.
more details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 Aldrich; distilled; purity ⬎99.8 mole % by glc., ␳
⫽0.692 65 g cm⫺3.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
References:
1
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203
共1992兲.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.03兲
3.11. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane

A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
system methanol–heptane–water is given in Table 12.
TABLE 12. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–heptane–water
Bonner, 1909 273 sat. 共7兲 1

Kogan et al., 1956 283, 293 Eq. 共8兲 2

Budantseva et al., 1976 293, 313 Eq. 共19兲 3
Letcher et al., 1986 298 sat. 共8兲, Eq. 共3兲 4
FIG. 6. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—heptane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 2, 䊐—experimental
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. data, Ref. 3, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 2 and 3.
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system methanol–heptane–water were reported in the temperature
Saturation curve
range 283–313 K. The tie lines cover the whole area of miscibility gap. The reported equilibrium data sets are consistent with one
The ternary system methanol–heptane–water forms a very large miscibility gap of type 2 covering the majority of the concentration another. All experimental points at 293.2 K, Refs. 2 and 3, are reported in Fig. 6.
triangle. The system was studied at five temperatures in the range 273.2–298.2 K. Two binary systems, heptane–water and methanol–
heptane form miscibility gap at the reported temperatures. Data for these binaries were compiled and critically evaluated in previously References:
published SDS volumes, Refs. 5 and 6, respectively. In the binary methanol–heptane system the upper critical solution temperature is 1
324.3⫾0.2 K. 6 This may be a reason for the large dispersion of solubility reported in the ternary system at temperatures over 300 K. 2
V. B. Kogan, I. V. Deizenrot, T. A. Kulbyaeva, and V. M. Fridman, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 29, 1387 共1956兲.
Kogan et al.,2 Budantseva et al.,3 and Letcher et al.,4 also report mutual solubility data for the binary methanol–heptane system; Refs. 3
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. VINITI 437–76, 1 共1976兲.
3 and 4 report the same methanol concentration 共0.176 mole fraction兲 at 293 and 298 K, respectively. Recommended solubilities of the 4
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. Chem. Thermodyn 18, 1037 共1986兲.
binaries differ from those reported for the ternary system. The ternary data lack of one component in the phase. This is the result of very 5
low concentrations 共⬍0.001 mole fraction兲. The ternary solubilities reported in all data sets are consistent with one another. The data are New York, 1989兲.
6
considered tentative. The temperature 293.2 K was selected for presentation of the system behavior. The experimental saturation curve at D. G. Shaw, A. Skrzecz, I. W. Lorimer, and A. Maczynski, eds., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 56, Alcohols with Hydrocarbons
293.2 K is presented in Fig. 6. At this temperature the recommended values of mutual solubility are x 2⬙ ⫽4.3•10⫺7 , x 3⬘ ⫽5.0•10⫺4 , Ref. 共Pergamon, New York, 1994兲.
5, for heptane–water system and x 1⬙ ⫽0.1364, x 1⬘ ⫽0.9037, Ref. 6, for methanol–heptane system. A fitting equation for the saturation
curve was not derived because of the law quality of the experimental data. In a few studies the ternary compositions were reported as the
binaries, the concentration of the third component was not detectable by the analytical method used. This situation was observed in
hydrocarbon-rich phase as well as in hydrocarbon-poor phase.
1015
1016
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738–89 共1909–1910兲. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 V. B. Kogan, I. V. Deizenrot, T. A. Kulbyaeva, and V. M.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲;C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 Fridman, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 29, 1387–92 共1956兲.

T/K⫽273 A. Skrzecz T/K⫽283– 293 A. Skrzecz

x1 x2 w1 w2 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
0.0 273.2 0.9283 0.0600 0.8270 0.1671 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase
0.9217 0.0434 0.8557 0.1261
0.9109 0.0363 0.8641 0.1077 10.0 283.15 0.1099 0.8901 0.9217 0.0783 0.038 0.962 0.790 0.210
0.9045 0.0263 0.8818 0.0803 0.0246 0.9754 0.8491 0.0177 0.008 0.992 0.867 0.0565

0.9010 0.0210 0.8915 0.0651 0.0124 0.9876 0.7706 0.0053 0.004 0.996 0.844 0.018
0.8908 0.0155 0.8980 0.0490 0.0093 0.9907 0.6988 0.0025 0.003 0.997 0.799 0.009
0.8610 0.0112 0.8895 0.0362 20.0 293.15 0.1810 0.8190 0.9159 0.0841 0.066 0.934 0.777 0.223
0.8183 0.0077 0.8703 0.0257 0.0600 0.9400 0.8893 0.0322 0.020 0.980 0.860 0.0973
0.6321 0.0026 0.7475 0.0096 0.0336 0.9664 0.8095 0.0096 0.011 0.989 0.860 0.032
0.0065 0.9935 0.6672 0.0000 0.0021 0.9979 0.781 0.000
In a tube 1 cm diam and 12 cm long known amount, by 共1兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled; n(14 °C) Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
weight, of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a ⫽1.330 70. The analytical method was used. The two phase mixture was 共1兲 source not specified, pure grade; distilled; contained ⬍0.01%
temperature controlled bath. The contents of the tube were 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled. periodically shaken in a thermostated burette with water jacket of water; n(20 °C)⫽1.3391.
stirred and alcohol was added gradually until a homogeneous 共3兲 not specified. for several hours. The phases were removed for analysis after 共2兲 source not specified; used as received; b.p.⫽98.4 °C,
solution was obtained. Observations were made visually separation. Methanol was determined by reaction with phthalic n(20 °C)⫽1.3877.
through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were Estimated Error: anhydride; water was determined by the Karl Fischer method. 共3兲 not specified.
always weighed immediately before and after each experiment. accuracy of weighing 0.0001 g. Water concentration in hydrocarbon-rich phase was smaller
Concentrations were reported as weight of water in 1 g of than 0.01–0.02%. Estimated Error:
binary water–hydrocarbon mixture and the weight of alcohol temp. ⫾0.05 °C; soly. ⬍⫾1% 共relative error of methanol
necessary to make a homogeneous solution. The mass of concentration兲.
binary water–hydrocarbon mixture was about 1 g; the mass of
alcohol–up to 5 g.
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 VINITI 437–76, 1–13 共1976兲. 共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲.
Variables: Compiled By: Variables: Compiled by:

T/K⫽293– 313 A. Skrzecz T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz

Compositions of coexisting phases Compositions of the saturation curve
x 1⬘ x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 w1 w2
T/K
hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 25 298.2 0.040 0.000 0.069 0.000
0.144 0.000 0.230 0.000
20 293.2 0.0000 0.9995 0.0000 0.000 003 0.0000 0.999 91 0.0000 0.000 02 0.339 0.001 0.475 0.004

0.0031 0.9964 0.1473 0.000 02 0.0010 0.9989 0.2350 0.000 10 0.580 0.002 0.706 0.008
0.0072 0.9922 0.2841 0.0001 0.0023 0.9976 0.4136 0.0005 0.848 0.026 0.848 0.081
0.0133 0.9861 0.4468 0.0002 0.0043 0.9956 0.5892 0.0008 0.880 0.038 0.842 0.114
0.0215 0.9779 0.5895 0.0009 0.0070 0.9929 0.7166 0.0034 0.893 0.099 0.740 0.256
0.0336 0.9658 0.7075 0.0040 0.0110 0.9889 0.8020 0.0142 0.176 0.824 0.064 0.936
0.0676 0.9314 0.8431 0.0154 0.0227 0.9771 0.8684 0.0496
0.1373 0.8612 0.9053 0.0334 0.0485 0.9512 0.8670 0.1000
0.1760 0.8240 0.9120 0.0880 0.0639 0.9361 0.7682 0.2318
40 313.2 0.0000 0.9993 0.0000 0.000 01 0.0000 0.999 87 0.0000 0.000 06 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
0.0041 0.9950 0.1508 0.000 02 0.0013 0.9985 0.2400 0.000 10
0.0100 0.9889 0.3119 0.0001 0.0032 0.9966 0.4462 0.0004 hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
0.0168 0.9819 0.4608 0.0004 0.0054 0.9943 0.6024 0.0016 T/K hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- rich phase poor phase
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.0281 0.9704 0.5902 0.0017 0.0092 0.9906 0.7154 0.0064
0.0467 0.9516 0.7382 0.0078 0.0154 0.9842 0.8153 0.0269 25 298.2 0.115 0.885 0.886 0.042 0.040 0.960 0.838 0.124
0.0945 0.9036 0.8502 0.0214 0.0323 0.9673 0.8594 0.0676 0.060 0.940 0.695 0.005 0.020 0.980 0.790 0.018
0.1400 0.8578 0.8971 0.0416 0.0496 0.9500 0.8450 0.1225 0.003 0.997 0.400 0.000 0.001 0.999 0.542 0.000
0.2250 0.7725 0.8845 0.1005 0.0852 0.9143 0.7327 0.2603
0.2950 0.7050 0.8350 0.1650 0.1180 0.8820 0.6181 0.3819
Auxiliary Information Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:

The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Merck, Uvasol grade; dried with magnesium metal activated
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: determine the coexistence curve. The third component was with iodine, distilled.
The method was described in Ref. 1. No more details were 共1兲 source not specified. added from a weighed gas-tight syringe to a weighed mixture 共2兲 Analytical Carbo Erba, purity 99.5 mole %; purified by
reported in the paper. 共2兲 source not specified. of the other two components in 100 mL long-neck flask until passing through columns containing silica gel and basic alumina.
共3兲 not specified. one drop 共weighing less than 0.01 g兲 resulted in cloudiness. 共3兲 de-ionized.
The flask was immersed in a well controlled water bath and
Estimated Error: shaken continuously. Refractive indexes of these mixtures Estimated Error:
Not reported. were measured at 298.3 K to ensure that separation did not composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction for measured points, ⫾0.01
take place. Tie lines were determined from mixtures of known mole fraction for tie-lines extremities in the worst case 共authors兲.
References: composition in the immiscible region. The flasks were shaken
1
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Zh. Fiz. well and the phases allowed to separate. Refractive indexes of References:
Khim. 49, 1849 共1975兲. samples of both phases were measured and related to 1
S. W. Briggs and E. W. Commings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
compositions on the coexistence curve. Each tie line was 共1943兲.
checked to ensure that it passed through the composition of
the overall mixture.
1017
0.6078 0.3200 0.1434 0.8400
1018
0.5918 0.3400 0.1250 0.8600
Components: Evaluated by: 0.5754 0.3600 0.1067 0.8800
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of 0.5588 0.3800 0.0883 0.9000
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10; Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.03兲 0.5419 0.4000 0.0700 0.9200
关106-42-3兴
0.5247 0.4200 0.0517 0.9400
0.5074 0.4400 0.0335 0.9600
0.4899 0.4600 0.0153 0.9800
3.12. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ p-Xylene 0.4722 0.4800 0.0000 0.9974 Ref. 3
0.4544 0.5000
A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲, compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
system methanol–p-xylene–water is given in Table 13.
TABLE 13. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–p-xylene–water Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium of the ternary system methanol–p-xylene–water were reported only by Letcher
et al.2 The tie lines are consistent with one another and cover the whole area of the miscibility gap. One point for organic-rich phase
(x 1 ⫽0.058, x 2 ⫽0.916兲 appears to contain any experimental error. The phase equilibrium data are considered tentative. All experimental
saturation points together with experimental tie lines at 298.2 K are presented in Fig. 7. The plait point of the system at 298.2 K,
calculated by Letcher and Siswana5 was reported to be x 1 ⫽0.46, x 2 ⫽0.49.
Letcher, et al., 1989 298 sat. 共17兲, Eq. 共5兲 2

a
Saturation curve
The system methanol–p-xylene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Only one binary system, p-xylene–water, is partially
miscible. The data for this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volumes, Ref. 3. The recom-
mended values of mutual solubility of p-xylene–water system at 298.2 K are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9974 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 031. The data of Leikola1 taken
from the handbook of Kafarov,4 were also taken into account during evaluation but are not reported as compilation sheet because they do
not contribute further to knowledge of the system. All experimental saturation data are consistent. The data of Letcher et al.2 describe the
whole binodal curve. The end points of saturation curve, Ref. 2, were reported to be x 2 ⫽0.998 and pure water which is inconsistent with
recommended values. Data for the water-rich phase in the range of low methanol concentrations, Ref. 2, were reported to be p-xylene free.
All these results are within the accuracy of experimental measurements which were stated by the authors to be 0.005 mole fraction. Phase
equilibrium data, Ref. 2, were also used to construct the saturation curve with the exception of one point 共x 1 ⫽0.058 x 2 ⫽0.916兲 which
appears to contain experimental error. Data at 298.2 K, Ref. 2, presenting both phases 共organic-rich and water-rich兲 were fitted by the
equation:
x1⫽1.1424⫹0.1264 ln共x2兲⫺1.2561x 2 ⫹0.1108x 22 .
The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0194. The points on the
saturation curve calculated by this equation for the selected concentrations of p-xylene together with the ‘‘best’’ values of Ref. 3 are
presented in Table 14.

FIG. 7. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—p-xylene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve,
x1 x2 x1 x2 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 2.
0.0000 0.000 031 Ref. 3 0.4365 0.5200 References:

0.6228 0.0200 0.4185 0.5400 1
E. Leikola, Suomen. Kemistil. B 13, 13 共1940兲.
0.6855 0.0400 0.4004 0.5600 2
T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053 共1989兲.
3
0.7118 0.0600 0.3823 0.5800 D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 38, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part II: Hydrocarbons, C8 to C36
0.7234 0.0800 0.3641 0.6000 共Pergamon, New York, 1989兲.
0.7269 0.1000 0.3458 0.6200
4
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentny e Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk
0.7253 0.1200 0.3275 0.6400 SSSR, Moskva, 1963兲.
0.7202 0.1400 0.3091 0.6600
5
T. M. Letcher, and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203 共1992兲.
0.7126 0.1600 0.2907 0.6800
0.7031 0.1800 0.2723 0.7000
0.6922 0.2000 0.2539 0.7200
0.6800 0.2200 0.2355 0.7400
0.6669 0.2400 0.2171 0.7600
0.6530 0.2600 0.1986 0.7800
0.6385 0.2800 0.1802 0.8000
0.6234 0.3000 0.1618 0.8200
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10; J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053–60 共1989兲. The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. A 共1兲 source not specified; used as received.
关106-42-3兴 binary mixture of known composition was titrated with the 共2兲 source not specified; recrystallized three times.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 third component until cloudiness was observed. Tie line 共3兲 not specified.
compositions were related to the coexistence curve; water was
Variables: Compiled by: determined by the Karl Fischer titration. The methods were Estimated Error:
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz described in Ref. 1. comp. ⬍0.005 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ precision on
binodal curve兲, ⬍0.01 mole fraction 共estimated authors’
precision of tie lines兲.
Experimental Data
Compositions of the saturation curve References:
1
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
w1 w2 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
t/°C T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.9997

0.150 0.840 0.051 0.947

0.263 0.716 0.099 0.896
0.433 0.523 0.198 0.791
0.548 0.385 0.294 0.685
0.629 0.285 0.388 0.582
0.686 0.207 0.479 0.479
0.721 0.145 0.565 0.376
0.730 0.095 0.639 0.275
0.707 0.053 0.695 0.173
0.615 0.021 0.692 0.078
0.508 0.005 0.636 0.021
0.407 0.003 0.544 0.013
0.315 0.001 0.448 0.005
0.224 0.001 0.338 0.005
0.090 0.000 0.150 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙
t/°C hydrocarbon- water-rich rich phase phase
25.0 298.2 0.310 0.660 0.728 0.115 0.123 0.870 0.608 0.318
0.144 0.842 0.695 0.039 0.049 0.948 0.714 0.133
0.058 0.916 0.620 0.019 0.019 0.977 0.700 0.071
0.021 0.970 0.419 0.005 0.006 0.992 0.552 0.022
0.005 0.985 0.199 0.000 0.002 0.997 0.306 0.000
1019
Concentration of xylene and water in coexisting phases
1020
Components: Original Measurements: w ⬘2 w ⬙2
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 J. Hartley, J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 共London兲 69, 60–1 共1950兲.
共2兲 Xylene 共mixture of isomers兲; C8H10; 关1330-20-7兴
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
20 293.2 0.983 0.517

T/K⫽293– 323 A. Skrzecz 0.982 0.353
0.977 0.254
0.965 0.222
3.13. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Xylene 30 303.2 0.985 0.525
Experimental Data 0.977 0.351
0.970 0.256
x1 x2 0.963 0.217
T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 Auxiliary Information
20 293.2 0.419 0.553 0.185 0.808 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
0.696 0.229 0.465 0.507 The titration method was used. Binary mixtures of known 共1兲 BDH, sulphur free; distilled; fraction boiling at the range

0.765 0.092 0.666 0.264 volumes were titrated with the third component in 140–2 °C was used.
0.758 0.062 0.711 0.194 glass-stoppered bottles until, after vigorously shaking, the 共2兲 source not specified; absolute alcohol; used as received.
0.725 0.039 0.735 0.130 mixture became turbid. The equilibrium phases were 共3兲 distilled.
determined by titrating with water binary methanol–xylene
0.696 0.029 0.736 0.100
mixtures. The xylene-rich phase was at the beginning the Estimated Error:
0.611 0.013 0.706 0.050 lower layer, but addition of water caused this phase to separate temp. ⫾0.5 °C 共temperature of the bath兲.
0.356 0.002 0.492 0.010 as the upper layer. To determine tie lines, mixtures of known
30 303.2 0.416 0.548 0.185 0.806 composition were immersed in a thermostat bath, shaken, and
0.686 0.226 0.462 0.505 after separation one component of each phase was analyzed.
Water, in the alcohol-rich phase, was analyzed by the Karl
0.749 0.089 0.660 0.260
Fischer reagent and xylene, in the hydrocarbon-rich phase, was
0.742 0.061 0.703 0.192 determined by extraction with water. The results were
0.701 0.038 0.721 0.128 presented on a Gibbs triangle together with binodal curve.
0.680 0.028 0.726 0.099
0.611 0.014 0.703 0.054
0.356 0.003 0.491 0.012
50 323.2 0.243 0.719 0.092 0.900
0.412 0.544 0.184 0.805
0.708 0.155 0.545 0.396
0.721 0.102 0.622 0.292
0.710 0.065 0.675 0.205
0.671 0.035 0.705 0.121
0.545 0.009 0.660 0.036
0.417 0.002 0.556 0.009
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
20 293.2 0.101 0.888 0.636 0.015 0.033 0.965 0.721 0.057

30 303.2 0.106 0.883 0.638 0.018 0.035 0.963 0.715 0.068
50 323.2 0.146 0.833 0.637 0.024 0.050 0.946 0.702 0.088
共2兲 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.05兲
3.14. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

system methanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water is given in Table 15.
TABLE 15. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water
Buchowski and Teperek, 1959 291, 293 sat. 共21兲, eq. 共18兲 1
Budantseva et al., 1976 293 eq. 共6兲 2

a
FIG. 8. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—2,2,4-trimethylpentane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1,
䊐—experimental data, Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 1 and 2.
Saturation curve
The system methanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 2 covering the majority of the concentration References:
triangle. Two binary systems 2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane–methanol are partially miscible. The data for 1
H. Buchowski and J. Teperek, Rocz. Chem. 33, 1093 共1959兲.
these systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously, published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4. The recommended values of 2
L. S. Budantseva, T.M. Lesteva, and M.S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. VINITI 437–76, 1 共1976兲.
mutual solubility of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water system, Ref. 3, and methanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane system, Ref. 4, at 293 K are: 3
D.G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon,
x 2⬘ ⫽0.9995, x 2⬙ ⫽3•10⫺7 and x 2⬘ ⫽0.890, x 2⬙ ⫽0.224, respectively. 共The mutual solubilities of methanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane system, New York, 1989兲.
reported in both papers1,2 were also considered during evaluation of this binary system in Ref. 4.兲 Compositions along the saturation curve 4
at 291.2 and 293.2 K by Buchowski and Teperek1 were obtained by the titration method. They are consistent within each data set, as well 共Pergamon, New York, 1994兲.
as with one another. The paper of Budantseva et al.2 contains information about phases in equilibrium at 293.2 K only. The hydrocarbon-
poor phase shows smaller miscibility while the hydrocarbon-rich phase shows larger solubility2 than data of Ref. 1 at the same tempera-
ture and than the ‘‘best’’ binary solubilities by Ref. 4. The data of Buchowski and Teperek1 were well documented 共description of the
method, description of pure substances properties and purity兲 while data of Ref. 2 were reported without any auxiliary information.
Therefore data of Ref. 1 appear reliable, but all are considered as tentative.
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system methanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water were reported in
both references. Tie lines cover nearly the whole range of miscibility gap. In the paper of Buchowski and Teperek1 the reported
hydrocarbon-rich phase did not contain detectable water 共water concentration in the hydrocarbon-rich phase was neglected because
solubility of water in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is lower than 0.000 5 mass fraction, Ref. 1兲. The data from Refs. 1 and 2 show slightly
different directions of the tie lines. All of them are considered as tentative. To present system behavior, experimental data along the
saturation curve and experimental compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium at 293.2 K, are presented in Fig. 8.
1021
1022
Components: Original Measurements: x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 H. Buchowski and J. Teperek, Rocz. Chem. 33, 1093–8 共1959兲.
共2兲 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase
18 291.2 0.1773 0.8227 0.8786 0.1214 0.057 0.943 0.670 0.330
0.1054 0.8946 0.9025 0.0705 0.032 0.968 0.772 0.215
0.1524 0.8476 0.9055 0.0775 0.048 0.952 0.760 0.232
Experimental Data
0.0869 0.9131 0.9045 0.0519 0.026 0.974 0.812 0.166
0.0806 0.9194 0.8971 0.0415 0.024 0.976 0.831 0.137
x1 x2 0.0678 0.9322 0.8866 0.0346 0.020 0.980 0.841 0.117
T/K 0.0448 0.9552 0.8535 0.0231 0.013 0.987 0.849 0.082
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 0.0415 0.9585 0.8363 0.0197 0.012 0.988 0.847 0.071
0.0000 1.0000 0.7200 0.0060 0.000 1.000 0.804 0.024
18 291.2 0.8786 0.1214 0.670 0.330
20 293.2 0.1580 0.8420 0.8950 0.0940 0.050 0.950 0.724 0.271
0.9071 0.0780 0.760 0.233
0.1495 0.8505 0.8957 0.0891 0.047 0.953 0.733 0.260
0.9054 0.0639 0.787 0.198
0.1175 0.8825 0.8961 0.0784 0.036 0.964 0.753 0.235
0.9002 0.0558 0.801 0.177

0.0993 0.9007 0.8983 0.0649 0.030 0.970 0.781 0.201
0.8940 0.0442 0.823 0.145
0.0838 0.9162 0.8910 0.0501 0.025 0.975 0.808 0.162
0.8880 0.0350 0.841 0.118
0.0774 0.9226 0.8848 0.0440 0.023 0.977 0.818 0.145
0.8359 0.0200 0.846 0.072
0.0581 0.9419 0.8821 0.0415 0.017 0.983 0.822 0.138
0.7192 0.0073 0.800 0.029
0.0211 0.9789 0.8411 0.0236 0.006 0.994 0.840 0.084
0.6227 0.0007 0.744 0.003
0.0000 1.0000 0.7860 0.0135 0.000 1.000 0.830 0.051
0.3985 0.0004 0.540 0.002
0.3076 0.0002 0.441 0.001
20 293.2 0.8747 0.1253 0.662 0.338
0.8988 0.0740 0.763 0.224
0.8970 0.0606 0.789 0.190
Solubility was measured by the titration method. Known 共1兲 F. O. Ch. Gliwice, pure grade; boiled with I2 and Mg to
0.8811 0.0408 0.823 0.136 masses of methanol and water were titrated with remove water, distilled; middle fraction was used; n(20 °C兲
0.8441 0.0251 0.838 0.089 2,2,4-trimethylpentane until turbidity was observed. The mass ⫽1.3288, ␳ (20 °C兲⫽0.7915 g/c3.
0.7845 0.0135 0.829 0.051 of hydrocarbon was determinated from mass balance of the 共2兲 obtained from the Physical Chemistry Department of
0.6875 0.0057 0.781 0.023 mixture. To obtain equilibrium data, known masses of Warsaw University, high purity grade; distilled only to remove
components were shaken and allowed to stand for over 2 h. water; n(20 °C兲⫽1.3914, ␳ (20 °C兲⫽0.6920 g/cm3.
0.4769 0.0007 0.617 0.003
Refractive indexes of the hydrocarbon-rich phase were 共3兲 doubly distilled.
0.4033 0.0004 0.545 0.002 measured and phase composition was read from the calibration
0.3538 0.0002 0.493 0.001 curve of the binary methanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane mixture. Estimated Error:
Water concentration in the hydrocarbon-rich phase was temp. ⫾0.5 °C.
neglected because the solubility of water in
2,2,4-trimethylpentane is lower than 0.000 05 mass fraction.1 References:
1
Concentration of the water-rich phase was determined A. Weissberger, E. S. Proskauer, I. A. Riddick, and E. E. Toops,
graphically from a large scale ternary diagram from the Organic Solvents, 2nd ed. 共New York, 1995兲.
binodal curve, composition of hydrocarbon-rich phase and
total composition of starting mixture.
共2兲 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴 VINITI 437–76, 1–13 共1976兲. 共2兲 Octane 共n-octane兲; C8H18; 关111-65-9兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.04兲

T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz 3.15. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Octane
Experimental Data A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
system methanol–octane–water is given in Table 16.
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
TABLE 16. Summary of experimental data for the system methanol–octane–water
T/K hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- rich phase poor phase Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref.
Kogan et al., 1956 283, 293 eq. 共12兲 1
20 293.2 0.0000 0.999 56 0.0000 0.000 000 3 0.0000 0.999 931 0.0000 0.000 002 Budantseva et al., 1976 293 eq. 共10兲 2

0.0162 0.9831 0.4855 0.0002 0.0046 0.9953 0.6262 0.0009
a
0.0414 0.9579 0.7456 0.0043 0.0120 0.9879 0.8270 0.0170 Number of experimental points in parentheses.
0.0836 0.9152 0.8636 0.0180 0.0250 0.9748 0.8685 0.0645
0.1493 0.8490 0.9158 0.0411 0.0470 0.9527 0.8428 0.1349
Saturation curve
0.2460 0.7540 0.9220 0.0780 0.0838 0.9162 0.7683 0.2317 The ternary system methanol–octane–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 2 covering the majority of the concentration
triangle. Compositions along the saturation curves were not reported independently in the references; the saturation curves can be
Auxiliary Information constructed on the bases of equilibrium compositions. Two binary systems, octane–water and octane–methanol, form miscibility gaps.
The data for these systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, respectively. The
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: recommended, Ref. 3, values of mutual solubility of octane–water system at 293 K4 are: x 2⬙ ⫽9.9•10⫺8 and x 2⬘ ⫽0.9995. The mutual
The method was described in Ref. 1. No more details were 共1兲 source not specified. solubility of methanol–octane system at 293 K,4 are: x 1⬙ ⫽0.944 and x 1⬘ ⫽0.105. The binary data reported by Budantseva et al.2 are: x 2⬙
reported in the paper. 共2兲 source not specified. ⫽2.0•10⫺7 , x ⬘2 ⫽0.999 57 and x ⬙1 ⫽0.960, x ⬘1 ⫽0.155, respectively.
Estimated Error: Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system methanol–octane–water were reported in both references.
Not reported. The experimental procedure was reported only in Ref. 1. After separation, methanol was determined by reaction with phthalic anhydride;
water—with the Karl Fischer reagent. The compositions of phases in equilibrium reported in Refs. 1 and 2 are consistent with one
References: another, they are treated as tentative and those at 293.2 K are presented in Fig. 9.
1
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Zh. Fiz.
Khim. 49, 1849 共1975兲.
1023
FIG. 9. Phase diagram of the system methanol 共1兲—octane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental
data, Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 2.
1024
References:
1
V. B. Kogan, I. V. Deizenrot, T. A. Kulbyaeva, and V. M. Fridman, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 29, 1387 共1956兲. Components: Original Measurements:
2
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. VINITI 437–76, 1 共1976兲. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 V. B. Kogan, I. V. Deizenrot, T. A. Kulbyaeva, and V. M.
3
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 38, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part II: Hydrocarbons C8 to C36 共2兲 Octane 共n-octane兲; C8H18; 关111-65-9兴 Fridman, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 29, 1387–92 共1956兲.
共Pergamon, New York, 1989兲. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
4
D. G. Shaw, A. Skrzecz, W. Lorimer, and A. Maczynski, eds., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 56, Alcohols with Hydrocarbons
共Pergamon, New York, 1994兲. Variables: Compiled by:
Experimental Data
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase
10.0 283.15 0.0742 0.9258 0.9507 0.0493 0.022 0.978 0.844 0.156
0.0482 0.9518 0.9107 0.0211 0.014 0.986 0.889 0.0736

0.0245 0.9755 0.8106 0.0063 0.007 0.993 0.866 0.024
0.0245 0.9755 0.6856 0.0000 0.007 0.993 0.795 0.000
20.0 293.15 0.1580 0.8420 0.9431 0.0569 0.050 0.950 0.823 0.177
0.0931 0.9069 0.9197 0.0275 0.028 0.972 0.878 0.0937
0.0242 0.9758 0.8602 0.0114 0.0069 0.9931 0.8840 0.0418
0.0141 0.9859 0.8098 0.0079 0.004 0.996 0.861 0.030
0.0141 0.9859 0.7708 0.0020 0.004 0.996 0.851 0.008
0.0211 0.9789 0.7368 0.0028 0.006 0.994 0.825 0.011
0.0176 0.9824 0.6955 0.0027 0.005 0.995 0.795 0.011
0.0176 0.9824 0.6645 0.0022 0.005 0.995 0.773 0.009

periodically shaken in a thermostated burette with water jacket of water; n(20 °C)⫽1.3391.
for several hours. The phases were removed for analysis after 共2兲 source not specified; used as received; b.p.⫽125.4°C,
separation. Methanol was determined by reaction with phthalic n(20 °C)⫽1.3976.
Water concentration in the hydrocarbon-rich phase was smaller
temp. ⫾0.05 °C; soly. ⬍⫾1% 共relative error of methanol
concentration兲.
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva and M. S. Nemtsov, Dep. Doc. 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 T.M. Letcher and P.M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203–
共2兲 Octane 共n-octane兲; C8H18; 关111-65-9兴 VINITI 437–76, 1–13 共1976兲. 共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12; 关108-67-8兴 17 共1992兲.
Variables: Compiled by: Variables: Compiled By:

Experimental Data
Compositions of coexisting phases 3.16. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Mesitylene
Experimental Data
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2 Compositions along the saturation curve
hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- w1 w2
T/K hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- rich phase poor phase T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase poor phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
20 293.2 0.0000 0.99957 0.0000 0.000 000 2 0.0000 0.999 932 0.0000 0.000 001 25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.0018 0.9975 0.1722 0.000 02 0.0005 0.9994 0.2700 0.000 11 0.360 0.001 0.498 0.005
0.0050 0.9943 0.3554 0.0001 0.0014 0.9985 0.4949 0.0005 0.457 0.002 0.595 0.010
0.0092 0.9901 0.4995 0.0002 0.0026 0.9973 0.6392 0.0009 0.565 0.005 0.684 0.023
0.0182 0.9811 0.6501 0.0009 0.0052 0.9947 0.7652 0.0038 0.734 0.022 0.770 0.087
0.0279 0.9714 0.7390 0.0027 0.0080 0.9919 0.8268 0.0108 0.788 0.043 0.755 0.154
0.0414 0.9579 0.8016 0.0052 0.0120 0.9879 0.8631 0.0200 0.796 0.053 0.737 0.184
0.0671 0.9322 0.8694 0.0109 0.0198 0.9801 0.8912 0.0398 0.807 0.092 0.668 0.285
0.1022 0.8966 0.9283 0.0233 0.0310 0.9688 0.8938 0.0800 0.792 0.141 0.583 0.389
0.1550 0.8450 0.9600 0.0400 0.0489 0.9511 0.8707 0.1293 0.747 0.202 0.487 0.494
0.682 0.273 0.394 0.591
0.595 0.370 0.297 0.693
0.471 0.503 0.199 0.795
The method was described in Ref. 1. No more details were 共1兲 source not specified. 0.163 0.826 0.050 0.948
reported in the paper. 共2兲 source not specified. 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
Estimated Error: Compositions of coexisting phases

Not reported.
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
References:
1
L. S. Budantseva, T. M. Lesteva, and M. S. Nemtsov, Zh. Fiz. hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
Khim. 49, 1849 共1975兲. T/K hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon- rich phase poor phase
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.090 0.905 0.533 0.001 0.026 0.973 0.667 0.005
0.140 0.852 0.663 0.010 0.042 0.957 0.750 0.042
0.200 0.790 0.755 0.023 0.063 0.935 0.781 0.089
0.208 0.717 0.800 0.056 0.071 0.915 0.733 0.193
0.408 0.573 0.795 0.135 0.159 0.837 0.593 0.378
1025
1026
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 V. B. Kogan, I. V. Deizenrot, T. A. Kulbyaeva, and V. M.
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and 共2兲 Nonane 共n-nonane兲; C9H20; 关111-84-2兴 Fridman, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 29, 1387–92 共1956兲.
formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.786 88, n 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
masses of the other two components. Precision weighing 共2兲 BDH; used as received; purity better than 99.6 mole % by Variables: Compiled by:
syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc. T/K⫽283– 293 A. Skrzecz
3.17. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Nonane
estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and Experimental Data
0.01 mole fraction for tie lines 共estimated by the authors兲. Compositions of coexisting phases
References:
1 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
T. M. Letcher, S. Wooten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heward, J.
2 hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
T/K lean phase rich phase hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon-
共1943兲.
3 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 lean phase rich phase
10.0 283.15 0.9615 0.0385 0.0965 0.9035 0.862 0.138 0.026 0.974

0.9458 0.0183 0.0501 0.9499 0.910 0.0706 0.013 0.987
0.8957 0.0081 0.0464 0.9536 0.912 0.0329 0.012 0.988
0.7512 0.0000 0.0236 0.9764 0.843 0.000 0.006 0.994
20.0 293.15 0.9562 0.0438 0.1034 0.8966 0.845 0.155 0.028 0.972
0.9370 0.0220 0.0861 0.9139 0.894 0.0840 0.023 0.977
0.9238 0.0138 0.0381 0.9619 0.911 0.0544 0.0098 0.9902
0.7725 0.0009 0.0158 0.9842 0.855 0.004 0.0040 0.9960

periodically shaken in a thermostated burette with water jacket of water; n(20 °C)⫽1.3391.
for several hours. The phases were removed for analysis after 共2兲 source not specified; used as received; b.p.⫽150.5 °C,
separation. Methanol was determined by reaction with phthalic n(25 °C)⫽1.4035.
Water concentration in the hydrocarbon-rich phase was smaller
temp. ⫾0.05 °C; soly. ⬍⫾1% 共relative error of methanol
concentration兲.
4. EthanolⴙWater
Components: Original Measurements
共1兲 Methanol 共methyl alcohol兲; CH4O; 关67-56-1兴 C. F. Prutton, T. J. Walsh, and A. M. Desai, Ind. Eng. Chem. 42, Components: Evaluated by:
共2兲 1-Methylnaphthalene; C11H10; 关90-12-0兴 1210–7 共1950兲. 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.05兲
T/K⫽298 and 308 A. Skrzecz
4.1. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene
3.18. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Methylnaphthalene Critical Evaluation:
Experimental Data A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲, compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 and
Compositions of coexisting phases distribution of ethanol between phases 共distr.兲 for the system ethanol–benzene–water is given in Table 17.
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ TABLE 17. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–benzene–water
hydrocarbon- water-
T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon water Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref.
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 -rich phase -rich phase
Taylor, 1896 298 sat. 共14兲, eq. 共6兲 1

25.0 298.15 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 Lincoln, 1899 298 sat. 共13兲 2
0.0429 0.9571 0.2726 0.0000 0.010 0.990 0.400 0.000 Bonner, 1909 288 sat. 共12兲 3
0.0511 0.9489 0.3957 0.0000 0.012 0.988 0.538 0.000 Holmes, 1918 288 sat. 共1兲 4
0.0752 0.9248 0.6273 0.0058 0.018 0.982 0.730 0.030 Sidgwick and Spurrell, 1920 273–298 sat. 共32兲 5
0.1022 0.8978 0.6928 0.0134 0.025 0.975 0.755 0.065 Wehrmann, 1921 263–303 sat. 共33兲 6
0.1207 0.8793 0.7356 0.0242 0.030 0.970 0.752 0.110 Perrakis, 1925 294 sat. 共11兲 7
— — 0.8023 0.0487 — — 0.728 0.196 Barbaudy, 1926 298 sat. 共9兲 8
— — 0.8173 0.0555 — — 0.720 0.217 Barbaudy, 1926 298–338 sat. 共26兲, eq. 共13兲 9
— — 0.7973 0.1196 — — 0.580 0.386 Wright, 1926 284–296 sat. 共7兲 10
— — 0.7910 0.1507 — — 0.530 0.448 Barbaudy, 1927 338–342 eq. 共6兲 11
35.0 308.15 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000
Washburn et al., 1931 298 sat. 共16兲, distr. 共9兲 12
0.0511 0.9489 0.3957 0.0000 0.012 0.988 0.538 0.000
Tarasenkov and Polozhentseva, 1932 293 eq. 共6兲 13
0.0752 0.9248 0.6229 0.0078 0.018 0.982 0.720 0.040
Sata and Kimura, 1935 303 sat. 共7兲 14
0.1022 0.8978 0.6885 0.0156 0.025 0.975 0.745 0.075
Varteressian and Fenske, 1936 298 sat. 共10兲, eq. 共14兲 15
— — 0.7118 0.0188 — — 0.752 0.088
Bancroft and Hubard, 1942 298 sat. 共4兲, eq. 共12兲 16
— — 0.7741 0.0389 — — 0.736 0.164
Staveley et al., 1951 274–342 sat. 共45兲 17
— — 0.7948 0.0552 — — 0.707 0.218
Chang and Moulton, 1953 298 sat. 共12兲, eq. 共11兲 18
— — 0.7993 0.0824 — — 0.649 0.297
— — 0.7934 0.1189 — — 0.579 0.385 Morachevskii and Belousov, 1958 293–337 eq. 共35兲 19
— — 0.7390 0.1915 — — 0.454 0.522 Mertslin et al., 1961 299 sat. 共20兲, distr. 共12兲 20
Ross and Patterson, 1979 293 eq. 共9兲 21
— — 0.6184 0.3223 — — 0.297 0.687

— — 0.5184 0.4457 — — 0.206 0.786 Brandani et al., 1985 303–328 eq. 共34兲 22
— — 0.4506 0.5494 — — 0.156 0.844 Letcher et al., 1990 298 sat. 共13兲, eq. 共5兲 23
0.2021 0.7979 — — 0.054 0.946 — — a
0.3376 0.6624 — — 0.103 0.897 — —
Auxiliary Information Saturation curve

The ternary system ethanol–benzene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Data for the system were reported in 23 references over
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: the temperature range 263–342 K. The system is evaluated on the basis of the original papers. Only one binary system, benzene–water,
The analytical method was used. Samples in 4 oz. oil sample 共1兲 Barker C.P. analyzed absolute; purity 99.5%; water-free by is partially miscible. The data for this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume, Ref. 24.
bottles were agitated in a constant temperature bath for at least the Karl Fischer. These recommended values of mutual solubility at 293 K are x ⬘2 ⫽0.9975, x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 406; at 298 K⫺x ⬘2 ⫽0.9970, x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 409 and at
12 h before phase separation. Samples of each phase were 共2兲共a兲 Eastman Kodak Co.; distillation range 238–240 °C, 333 K⫺x ⬘2 ⫽0.991 04, x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 534. Only the paper of Barbaudy, Ref. 9 at 333.2 K reported mutual solubility of the binary system:
taken for analysis by a rubber bulb pipette. Water was contained about 5% of 2-methylnaphtalene isomer. 共b兲 prepared
x ⬘2 ⫽0.9893 and x ⬙2 ⫽0.0005. This is in agreement with the recommended values, Ref. 24. The results of Taylor,1 Lincon,2 Perrakis,7
determined by the Karl Fischer reagent, hydrocarbons as the in the laboratory from the crude material; extracted with NaOH
Tarasenkov and Polozhentseva,13 and Letcher et al.23 are not reported as compilation tables. The data of Taylor1 and Lincon2 at 298.2 K
caustic-insoluble fraction, methanol–by the difference. aq., refluxed with Na, distilled; fraction boiling at 240 °C was
collected; contained about 10% of 2-methylnaphtalene isomer. published at 1896 and 1899, were reported as volume ratios. These data were recalculated to mole fractions, and they were taken into
共3兲 not specified. account for this evaluation; they are in agreement with other data sets at the same temperature. Data of Perrakis7 at 294 K present a
significantly larger miscibility gap than any other data at 293 K and therefore these data are rejected as are other alcohol–benzene–water
Estimated Error: systems presented in Ref. 7. Data of Tarasenkov and Polozhentseva13 were obtained for this evaluation from Tarasenkov and Paulsen.25
1027
temp. ⫾ 0.01 °C. These data present a much smaller miscibility gap 共at maximum ethanol concentration of about 0.03 mole fraction of C2H5OH兲 which is
inconsistent with all other experimental data and an unreasonable large solubility of water in benzene 共solubility of benzene in water
estimated on the basis of these data seems to rech value x 2⬙ ⫽0.94兲. Therefore, this data set is rejected. All experimental data of Letcher
et al.23 were presented in the paper in graphical form only and therefore were not compiled. The miscibility gap decreased with the TABLE 19. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 298.2 K
1028
increasing temperature. This behavior is observed in all studies at more than one temperature.5,6,9,17,19,22 Data reported by Brandani
et al.22 show a slightly smaller miscibility gap than other data at 303.2 K 共Wehrmann, Ref. 6, and Sata and Kimura, Ref. 14兲 and at 313.2 x1 x2 x1 x2
K 共Morachevskii and Belousov, Ref. 19兲. The reported data are consistent within each data set and for each study. All data on the
saturation curve are treated as tentative. Characteristic points on the binodal curve at selected temperatures, reported or estimated for plait 0.0000 0.000 409 Ref. 24 0.3388 0.5000
points and for maximum ethanol concentration, are presented in Table 18. At the point of maximum ethanol concentration the errors 0.1076 0.0010 0.3300 0.5200
estimated by the evaluator are 0.005 and 0.015 mole fraction for ethanol and benzene, respectively. 0.2513 0.0100 0.3208 0.5400
0.2938 0.0200 0.3111 0.5600
TABLE 18. Characteristic points on the binodal curve of the system ethanol–benzene–water 0.3351 0.0400 0.3009 0.5800
0.3579 0.0600 0.2903 0.6000
Max. C2H5OH concentration Plait points 0.3730 0.0800 0.2793 0.6200
T/K x1 x2 Ref. x1 x2 Ref. 0.3837 0.1000 0.2678 0.6400
0.3914 0.1200 0.2558 0.6600
288.2 0.438 0.198 3 0.389 0.413 3 0.3969 0.1400 0.2435 0.6800
293.2 0.435 0.195 6 - - 0.4008 0.1600 0.2307 0.7000
298.2 0.418 0.211 16 0.391 0.318 9 0.4034 0.1800 0.2175 0.7200
298.2 0.416 0.181 15 0.393 0.322 15 0.4047 0.2000 0.2039 0.7400
298.2 0.419 0.244 18 0.398 0.325 18 0.4051 0.2200 0.1898 0.7600
298.2 0.40 0.20 23 0.38 0.37 23 0.4046 0.2400 0.1753 0.7800
299.2 0.425 0.262 20 0.395 0.343 20

0.4033 0.2600 0.1604 0.8000
303.2 0.385 0.154 22 0.365 0.353 22 0.4012 0.2800 0.1451 0.8200
303.2 0.412 0.226 6 - - 0.3984 0.3000 0.1294 0.8400
313.2 0.384 0.198 19 0.344 0.330 22 0.3950 0.3200 0.1133 0.8600
328.2 0.354 0.271 22 0.354 0.271 22 0.3909 0.3400 0.0967 0.8800
338.2 0.344 0.212 9 0.344 0.212 9 0.3863 0.3600 0.0798 0.9000
0.3811 0.3800 0.0625 0.9200
0.3753 0.4000 0.0447 0.9400
The temperature of 298.2 K, a standard temperature in which various alcohol–hydrocarbon–water systems are presented, was chosen 0.3690 0.4200 0.0265 0.9600
to present the behavior of the system. Saturation and equilibrium data of Refs. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 15, 16, and 18, water-rich and hydrocarbon- 0.3622 0.4400 0.0080 0.9800
rich branches were described together by the equation: 0.3549 0.4600 0.0000 0.9970 Ref. 24
x1⫽0.541 21⫹0.062 76 ln共x2兲⫺0.083 61x 2 ⫺0.468 57x 22 . 0.3471 0.4800
The least-squares method was used and the standard error of estimate was 0.0106. The proposed equation is not appropriate for the
binodal curve at ⬎0.98 mole fraction of benzene. The compositions on the saturation curve calculated by the proposed equation are
presented in Table 19 for selected concentrations of benzene in the mixture. The results of the calculations 共solid line兲 are also presented
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system ethanol–benzene–water were reported in 11 references over
graphically in Fig. 10 together with selected experimental data, Refs. 5, 8, 9, 15, 16, 18, reported at 298.2 K.
the temperature range 293–342 K as 20 data sets 共mainly isotherms兲. The tie lines cover the full area of miscibility gap. Reported data
are consistent within each data set. Only data of Tarasenkov and Polozhentseva13 were rejected; these tie lines were inconsistent with all
others. Vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria or boiling points of two-phase mixtures are reported in the papers of Barbaudy11 at 101 kPa and
of Morachevskii and Belousov19 at temperatures 308.2, 318.2, 328.2, and 337.2 K. These data sets are consistent with other equilibrium
data at lower temperatures. Changes of tie line direction are observed with temperature. With increasing temperature the water concen-
tration in benzene-poor phase decreases for similar composition of benzene-rich phase; at temperatures over 333 K the concentration 共in
mole fraction兲 of ethanol in both phases in equilibrium reaches nearly the same values. This may be observed in data sets reported in Refs.
9, 11, 19, and 22. The equilibrium compositions of both phases of Ross and Patterson at 293.2 K21 共referring also to density and surface
tension of phases in equilibrium兲, are identical with those of Morachevskii and Belousov.19 The reported experimental plait points are
presented in Table 17. All equilibrium data are treated as tentative. Selected experimental points at 298.2 K, both saturation and
equilibrium data, are presented in Fig. 10.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738-89 共1909-1910兲
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
15.0 288.2 0.2165 0.7412 0.1453 0.8436

0.3328 0.5166 0.2625 0.6910
0.3886 0.4126 0.3333 0.6000 plait point

0.4271 0.2906 0.4145 0.4783
0.4381 0.1978 0.4784 0.3662
0.4365 0.1409 0.5192 0.2841
0.4251 0.1019 0.5430 0.2207
0.4003 0.0759 0.5455 0.1755
0.3854 0.0599 0.5475 0.1443
0.3433 0.0360 0.5305 0.0944
References: 0.2920 0.0181 0.4929 0.0517
1
S. F. Taylor, J. Phys. Chem. 1, 461 共1896–1897兲. 0.1898 0.0038 0.3711 0.0126
2
A. T. Lincoln, J. Phys. Chem. 4, 161 共1899–1900兲.
3
W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738 共1909–1910兲. Auxiliary Information
4
J. Holmes, J. Chem. Soc. 113, 263 共1918兲.
5
N. V. Sidgwick and W. J. Spurrell, J. Chem. Soc. 117, 1397 共1920兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
6
F. Wehrmann, Z. Elektrochem. 27, 379 共1921兲. In a tube 1 cm diameter and 12 cm long known amount, by 共1兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled.
7
N. Perrakis, J. Chim. Phys. 22, 280 共1925兲. weight, of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled.
8
J. Barbaudy, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 39, 371 共1926兲. temperature controled bath. The contents of the tube were 共3兲 not specified.
stirred and alcohol was added gradually until a homogeneous
9
J. Barbaudy, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas Belg. 45, 207 共1926兲.
solution was obtained. Observations were made visually Estimated Error:
10
R. Wright, J. Chem. Soc. 129, 1203 共1926兲. through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were accuracy of weighing 0.0001 g.
11
J. Barbaudy, J. Chim. Phys. 24, 1 共1927兲. always weighed immediately before and after each experiment.
12
E. R. Washburn, V. Hnizda, and R. Vold, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53, 3237 共1931兲. Concentrations were reported as weight of water in 1 g of
13
D. N. Tarasenkov and E. N. Polozhentseva, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 2, 84 共1932兲. binary water–hydrocarbon mixture and the weight of alcohol
14
N. Sata and O. Kimura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 10, 409 共1935兲.
15
K. A. Varteressian and M. R. Fenske, Ind. Eng. Chem. 28, 928 共1936兲. alcohol—up to 5 g.
16
W. D. Bancroft and S. S. Hubard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 347 共1942兲.
17
18
Y. C. Chang and R. W. Moulton, Ind. Eng. Chem. 45, 2350 共1953兲.
19
A. G. Morachevskii and V. P. Belousov, Vestn. Leningr. Univ., Ser. 4: Fiz., Khim. 4, 117 共1958兲.
20
R. V. Mertslin, N. I. Nikurashina, and L. A. Kamaevskaya, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35, 2628 共1961兲.
21
S. Ross and R. E. Patterson, J. Chem. Eng. Data. 24, 111 共1979兲.
22
V. Brandani, A. Chianese, and M. Rossi, J. Chem. Eng. Data 30, 27 共1985兲.
23
24
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon,
New York, 1989兲.
25
D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Acta Physicochim. URSS 11, 75 共1939兲.
1029
1030
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 N. V. Sidgwick and W. J. Spurrell, J. Chem. Soc. 117, 1397–404 x1 x2 w1 w2
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共1920兲. T/K
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
Variables: Compiled by: 0.0 273.2 0.2333 0.7008 0.1612 0.8210

T/K⫽272– 312 A. Skrzecz 0.4561 0.2542 0.4559 0.4308
0.4592 0.1385 0.5393 0.2759
Experimental Data 0.4277 0.0828 0.5631 0.1848
Compositions along the saturation curve 0.3366 0.0312 0.5286 0.0832
1.0 274.2 0.2305 0.7044 0.1590 0.8235
x1 x2 w1 w2 0.4531 0.2590 0.4510 0.4370
T/K
0.4580 0.1407 0.5366 0.2795
0.4270 0.0843 0.5611 0.1878
30.7 303.85 0.1496 0.8080 0.0974 0.8918 0.3365 0.0317 0.5279 0.0844
26.1 299.25 0.1698 0.7822 0.1121 0.8755 2.0 275.2 0.2283 0.7073 0.1572 0.8255
23.9 297.05 0.1781 0.7719 0.1182 0.8688 0.4493 0.2652 0.4446 0.4450
16.1 289.25 0.1974 0.7467 0.1329 0.8524 0.4564 0.1438 0.5328 0.2846

11.0 284.15 0.2084 0.7328 0.1414 0.8430 0.4262 0.0859 0.5589 0.1910
5.2 278.35 0.2212 0.7164 0.1515 0.8318 0.3363 0.0322 0.5273 0.0855
2.0 275.15 0.2283 0.7070 0.1572 0.8254 3.0 276.2 0.2259 0.7103 0.1553 0.8276
28.3 301.45 0.2978 0.5781 0.2245 0.7389 0.4448 0.2726 0.4372 0.4542
22.7 295.85 0.3074 0.5645 0.2338 0.7281 0.4551 0.1461 0.5299 0.2885
17.6 290.75 0.3177 0.5501 0.2440 0.7163 0.4254 0.0877 0.5564 0.1945
12.9 286.05 0.3286 0.5346 0.2550 0.7035 0.3361 0.0327 0.5266 0.0868
8.5 281.65 0.3404 0.5179 0.2672 0.6893 4.0 277.2 0.2238 0.7130 0.1536 0.8295
4.5 277.65 0.3529 0.5000 0.2805 0.6738 0.4411 0.2787 0.4311 0.4618
39.2 312.35 0.3428 0.4395 0.2922 0.6352 0.4536 0.1490 0.5264 0.2932
32.1 305.25 0.3547 0.4200 0.3071 0.6166 0.4247 0.0892 0.5544 0.1975
19.6 292.75 0.3805 0.3777 0.3411 0.5741 0.3360 0.0332 0.5258 0.0881
9.2 282.35 0.4188 0.3152 0.3961 0.5055 5.0 278.2 0.2227 0.7145 0.1527 0.8305
5.2 278.35 0.4363 0.2865 0.4234 0.4714 0.3508 0.5031 0.2782 0.6765
1.6 274.75 0.4507 0.2628 0.4470 0.4419 0.4374 0.2847 0.4252 0.4692
29.5 302.65 0.3985 0.2523 0.4139 0.4443 0.4520 0.1520 0.5228 0.2981
20.3 293.45 0.4227 0.2071 0.4601 0.3823 0.4239 0.0909 0.5521 0.2008
15.2 288.35 0.4338 0.1860 0.4832 0.3512 0.3358 0.0338 0.5250 0.0895
7.75 280.90 0.4480 0.1595 0.5138 0.3102 15.0 288.2 0.1997 0.7439 0.1346 0.8505
3.00 276.15 0.4550 0.1464 0.5296 0.2890 0.3235 0.5418 0.2498 0.7095
⫺1.25 271.90 0.4609 0.1353 0.5434 0.2704 0.3944 0.3550 0.3604 0.5500
25.3 298.45 0.4047 0.1322 0.4997 0.2767 0.4339 0.1858 0.4834 0.3510
21.2 294.35 0.4094 0.1220 0.5120 0.2588 0.4158 0.1083 0.5293 0.2338
17.3 290.45 0.4135 0.1134 0.5229 0.2431 0.3336 0.0399 0.5162 0.1047
13.5 286.65 0.4169 0.1058 0.5325 0.2291 25.0 298.2 0.1739 0.7771 0.1151 0.8722
9.9 283.05 0.4200 0.0992 0.5411 0.2167 0.3036 0.5701 0.2300 0.7325
6.5 279.65 0.4227 0.0934 0.5488 0.2055 0.3686 0.3972 0.3251 0.5941
1.95 275.10 0.4263 0.0857 0.5591 0.1906 0.4109 0.2291 0.4370 0.4132
15.4 288.55 0.3336 0.0402 0.5159 0.1053 0.4052 0.1310 0.5011 0.2746
12.15 285.30 0.3343 0.0382 0.5187 0.1005 0.3305 0.0488 0.5039 0.1261
7.1 280.25 0.3354 0.0350 0.5233 0.0925 0.1994 0.0030 0.3861 0.0100
2.3 275.45 0.3363 0.0322 0.5272 0.0856
⫺0.40 272.75 0.3367 0.0310 0.5289 0.0827
25.0 298.15 0.1994 0.0030 0.3861 0.0100
Components: Original Meassurement:
Method/Apparents/Procedur: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 F. Wehrmann, Z. Elektrochem. 27, 379–93 共1921兲.
The apparatus consisted of Beckmann tube with air-jacket, 共1兲 source not specified, ordinary ‘‘absolute’’ alcohol; distilled 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴
thermometer and stirrer. Known amounts of aqueous alcohol from lime, water concentration was determined from the density 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
mixture of known composition and benzene were placed in a using ‘‘last edition of Beilstein’s Handbuch der Organische
tube. Aqueous alcohol mixtures were prepared gravimetrically. Chemie,’’ 99.5% alcohol was obtained by treatment with Variables: Complied by:
Components were added from an accurate pipette, which had anhydrous copper sulphate and redistillation. T/K⫽263– 303 A. Skrzecz
been carefully graduated by weight. The reported temperatures 共2兲 source not specified; freed of thiophene by sulphuric acid,
共the mean of two or three observations兲 were those at which frozen out seven times, distilled over sodium.
the liquid separated into two layers. The results, for the round 共3兲 not specified. Experimental Data
temperatures, were interpolated by the authors from the curves. Compositions along the saturation curve
Concentrations were reported as alcohol mass concentration in Estimated Error:
x1 x2 w1 w2
alcohol–water mixture used in the experiment and benzene Not reported.
T/K
mass concentration in the solution which became turbid. The
temperatures at which benzene crystallized from the
investigated mixtures of know composition were reported also
⫺10 263.2 0.1846 0.0014 0.3653 0.0048
in the paper.
263.2 0.3298 0.0142 0.5403 0.0394
263.2 0.4115 0.0433 0.5895 0.1051
263.2 0.4885 0.1010 0.5955 0.2088

263.2 0.4579 0.3745 0.3953 0.5481
0 273.2 0.0347 0.0007 0.0839 0.0029
273.2 0.1022 0.0009 0.2249 0.0035
273.2 0.1781 0.0026 0.3541 0.0087
273.2 0.2528 0.0081 0.4550 0.0247
273.2 0.3176 0.0164 0.5242 0.0459
273.2 0.3994 0.0538 0.5669 0.1295
273.2 0.4702 0.1287 0.5562 0.2582
273.2 0.3772 0.4810 0.3022 0.6534
273.2 0.1035 0.8871 0.0642 0.9335
10 283.2 0.1785 0.0040 0.3534 0.0135
283.2 0.3116 0.0191 0.5145 0.0534
283.2 0.3948 0.0627 0.5536 0.1490
283.2 0.4554 0.1573 0.5213 0.3053
283.2 0.3416 0.5314 0.2643 0.6973
20 293.2 0.0346 0.0008 0.0837 0.0032
293.2 0.1020 0.0024 0.2235 0.0089
293.2 0.2501 0.0117 0.4477 0.0356
293.2 0.3088 0.0262 0.5035 0.0725
293.2 0.3890 0.0803 0.5310 0.1858
293.2 0.4353 0.1845 0.4853 0.3489
293.2 0.3150 0.5567 0.2406 0.7210
293.2 0.0220 0.9760 0.0131 0.9864

30 303.2 0.0703 0.0021 0.1609 0.0083
303.2 0.1772 0.0075 0.3483 0.0251
303.2 0.3074 0.0316 0.4962 0.0866
303.2 0.3869 0.0842 0.5252 0.1939
303.2 0.4123 0.2257 0.4402 0.4086
303.2 0.2890 0.6027 0.2135 0.7552

The titration method was used. Binary alcohol–water mixtures 共1兲 source not specified; chemically pure grade; used as received;
of known concentration and volume were put into Erlenmayer d(15 °C兲⫽0.8835.
flasks, immersed in a constant temperature bath and then 共2兲 source not specified.
titrated with benzene until constant cloudiness was observed. 共3兲 not specified.
Concentrations of alcohol–water mixtures were determined by
density measurements. Results were reported in volume Estimated Error:
percentage. concentration ⫾0.3% relative error.
1031
1032
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 J. Barbaudy, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 39, 371–82 共1926兲. 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 J. Barbaudy, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas Belg. 45, 207–13
共2兲Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共1926兲.


x1 x2 w1 w2 x1 x2
T/K T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
25.00 298.15 0.4080 0.1360 0.4994 0.2823 25.00 298.15 0.0000 0.9957 0.0000 0.9990
0.3112 0.0332 0.4988 0.0903 0.0938 0.8857 0.0585 0.9365
0.2774 0.0241 0.4690 0.0691 0.1553 0.8074 0.1009 0.8896
0.2100 0.0046 0.4000 0.0150 0.2734 0.6206 0.2000 0.7697

0.3543 0.4403 0.3000 0.6320 0.3543 0.4403 0.3000 0.6320
0.1442 0.0014 0.3000 0.0050 0.4017 0.2825 0.4000 0.4770
0.2734 0.6206 0.2000 0.7697 0.4080 0.1360 0.4994 0.2823
0.1551 0.8063 0.1009 0.8893 0.3112 0.0332 0.4988 0.0903
0.0938 0.8861 0.0585 0.9366 0.2742 0.0204 0.4690 0.0591
0.2100 0.0046 0.4000 0.0150
Auxiliary Information 0.1442 0.0014 0.3000 0.0050
60.0 333.15 0.0000 0.0500 0.0000 0.1858
The mixtures were prepared by weight 共corrections on 共1兲 source not specified; distilled over Na; d(25 °C,4 °C兲 0.2287 0.0228 0.4083 0.0690
weighing in air were taken into account兲. Densities and ⫽0.785 06, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.3592. 0.2638 0.0381 0.4386 0.1074
refractive indexes of ternary liquid mixtures were measured. 共2兲 Poluenc, without thiophene; b.p.⫽80.3 °C, d(25 °C,4 °C兲
0.2977 0.0658 0.4523 0.1695
No further details were reported in the paper. ⫽0.873 63, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.497 95.
共3兲 not specified. 0.3227 0.0856 0.4615 0.2076
0.3413 0.1376 0.4385 0.2997
Estimated Error: 0.3576 0.2187 0.4000 0.4147
Not reported. 0.3566 0.2226 0.3968 0.4200
0.3559 0.2254 0.3946 0.4238
0.3531 0.3138 0.3477 0.5240
0.3340 0.3944 0.3012 0.6030
0.3180 0.4562 0.2695 0.6556
0.2439 0.6329 0.1787 0.7861
0.0000 0.9893 0.0000 0.9975
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 R. Wright, J. Chem. Soc. 129, 1203–6 共1926兲.
hydrocarbon- water-rich 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
rich phase phase hydrocarbon- water-rich
t/°C T/K共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase phase Variables: Compiled by:
25.00 298.15 0.0226 0.9727 0.0766 0.0000 0.0135 0.9854 0.1750 0.0000
0.0523 0.9376 0.1484 0.0016 0.0318 0.9658 0.3070 0.0055
Experimental Data
0.0856 0.9004 0.1819 0.0027 0.0529 0.9437 0.3600 0.0090
0.3337 0.2946 0.4040 0.2698 0.3410 0.5105 0.4085 0.4625
0.3914 0.3176 0.3914 0.3176 0.3750 0.5160 0.3750 0.5160a x1 x2
65.0 338.15 0.2300 0.6727 0.2171 0.0190 0.1633 0.8097 0.3962 0.0587 T/K
0.2314 0.6507 0.2224 0.0201 0.1676 0.7990 0.4023 0.0618 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
0.3082 0.4864 0.2977 0.0667 0.2540 0.6798 0.4515 0.1715
11.2 284.35 0.2767 0.0156 0.477 15 0.0457
0.3437 0.3007 0.3384 0.1434 0.3463 0.5136 0.4315 0.3101
13.2 286.35 0.2765 0.0164 0.4761 0.0478
0.3430 0.2970 0.3376 0.1488 0.3474 0.5100 0.4269 0.3191
15.5 288.65 0.2762 0.0173 0.474 75 0.0505

0.3490 0.2592 0.3397 0.1718 0.3706 0.4667 0.4132 0.3544
18.0 291.15 0.2760 0.0182 0.4735 0.0530
0.3437 0.2547 0.3424 0.1735 0.3686 0.4630 0.4146 0.3562
20.0 293.15 0.2758 0.0189 0.4726 0.0548
0.3438 0.2121 0.3438 0.2121 0.3920 0.4100 0.3920 0.4100a
20.2 293.35 0.2757 0.0193 0.471 95 0.0561
a 22.6 295.75 0.2753 0.0206 0.470 15 0.0597
Plait point.
Auxiliary Information Auxiliary Information
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
The titration method was used to find points on saturation 共1兲 source not specified. The titration method was used. Solubility was determined by 共1兲 not specified.
curve. Samples of the binary benzene–ethanol mixture 共30 mL 共2兲 source not specified. adding a weighed quantity of benzene from a burette to a 共2兲 not specified.
at 25 °C and 10 mL in tubes with double walls and air jacket 共3兲 source not specified. definite weight of alcohol–water mixture 共about 12 g of 50% 共3兲 not specified.
to eliminate heat transfer兲 were immersed in a thermostat, by weight of the aqueous alcohol兲 in a stoppered tube and
titrated with aqueous ethanol and refractive indexes were Estimated Error: raising the temperature until turbidity disappeared. Estimated Error:
measured until the second phase appeared. The analytical Not reported. temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
method was used to determine coexisting phases. About
100–150 mL of mixture was placed in a 200 mL flask in a
thermostat, agitated for more than 1 h, left for 8–48 h for
separation and then density and refractive index of each phase
were measured.
1033
1034
Components: Original Meassurement: Components: Original Measurements:
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 J. Barbaudy, J. Chim. Phys. 24, 1–23 共1927兲. 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 E. R. Washburn, V. Hnizda, and R. Vold, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53,
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 关71-43-2兴共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 3237–44 共1931兲.


Compositions of coexisting phases Compositions along the saturation curve
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 x1 x2
T/K
T/K hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase
24.5 297.7 0.1287 0.8432 0.082 0.911
69.0 342.15 0.0007 0.9865 0.0108 0.0007 0.0004 0.9966 0.027 0.003 0.1537 0.8070 0.100 0.890
68.0 341.15 0.0067 0.9805 0.0278 0.0010 0.0040 0.9930 0.068 0.004 0.1925 0.7541 0.129 0.857
67.0 340.15 0.0199 0.9631 0.0481 0.0012 0.0120 0.9840 0.114 0.005 0.2506 0.6564 0.179 0.795

66.0 339.15 0.0458 0.9333 0.0775 0.0016 0.0280 0.9670 0.176 0.006 0.3235 0.5294 0.253 0.702
65.5 338.65 0.0832 0.8881 0.1000 0.0019 0.0520 0.9410 0.220 0.007 0.3493 0.4571 0.291 0.646
65.0 338.15 0.1407 0.8198 0.1609 0.0059 0.0910 0.8990 0.324 0.020 0.3804 0.3728 0.343 0.570
0.4158 0.2723 0.416 0.462
0.4119 0.1345 0.504 0.279
Compositions of coexisting phases at boiling temperatures 共1兲 source not specified. 0.3334 0.0438 0.512 0.114
were determined as intersections of boiling isotherms in 共2兲 source not specified.
0.2692 0.0174 0.466 0.051
homogeneous and heterogeneous regions. Boiling temperatures 共3兲 not specified.
were measured for over 100 ternary mixtures. 0.1934 0.0064 0.374 0.021
Estimated Error: 0.1441 0.0024 0.299 0.0083
Not reported. 0.1203 0.0016 0.258 0.0057
Distribution of ethanol in ethanol–benzene–water system
w ⬘1 w ⬙1
25.0 298.2 0.007 0.025

0.012 0.106
0.016 0.164
0.024 0.243
0.039 0.318
0.054 0.370
0.070 0.405
0.084 0.443
0.098 0.573
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 N. Sata and O. Kimura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 10, 409–20
The titration method was used. Binary alcohol–benzene 共1兲 standard commercial grade of absolute alcohol; dried with 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共1935兲.
mixtures of known composition, prepared from calibrated CaO and Ca until density measurements showed it to be better 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
pipettes in 125 mL glass-stoppered bottles, were mixed, and than 99.3%.
titrated with water to a permanent cloudiness at room 共2兲 Mallinckrodt, reagent quality; dried with Na, distilled. Variables: Compiled by:
temperature 共24.5 °C兲. The amount of water was 0.66–5.77 共3兲 redistilled from KMnO4. T/K⫽303 A. Skrzecz
mL 共added from a 10 mL burette graduated to 0.01 mL兲 and
17.1–112.7 mL 共added from a calibrated 50 mL burette兲. The Estimated Error:
refractive indexes of mixtures were measured at 25.0 °C by temp. ⫾0.1 °C. Experimental Data
Abbe refractometer and used to construct the plot of refractive Compositions along the saturation curve
index against composition which was further used to find
compositions of equilibrium phases. Phase equilibrium data x1 x2 w1 w2
were reported in incomplete form. The mixtures of 25.0 mL of T/K
benzene and 25.0 mL of water were shaken and then t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
suspended in the constant temperature bath to reach
equilibrium. When the phases were transparent, refractive 30 303.2 0.219 0.718 0.150 0.833
indexes of each layer were measured and compositions of the 0.350 0.459 0.291 0.647
phases were calculated. 0.409 0.269 0.413 0.460

0.403 0.132 0.498 0.277
0.333 0.044 0.511 0.114
0.232 0.010 0.426 0.031
0.133 0.002 0.280 0.006
Method/Apparents/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:

Samples of known composition 共by volume兲 were prepared in 共1兲 source not specified, 95% commercial reagent; purified with
glass tubes 共diameter—15 mm, length—200 mm兲 and sealed. KMnO4, refluxed 1 day with CaO, distilled; purity 99.53%,
These were placed in a thermostat and turbidity was observed d(25 °C)⫽0.7865.
after some 共not reported兲 time. Eight series of measurements 共2兲 Merck, pure crystallized; distilled over Na.
were made. The volume of alcohol was 2.00, 5.00, or 10.00 共3兲 doubly distilled.
cm3. The volume of second component was constant in the
series, while the volume of the third component differed Estimated Error:
0.05–0.02 cm3 from point to point. The results were reported sol. ⫾0.01 cm3 共authors兲, ⫾共0.0001–0.005兲 mass fraction
in the paper as the volumes of each component added into the 共compiler兲.
tube.
1035
1036
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 K. A. Varteressian and M. R. Fenske, Ind. Eng. Chem. 28, 928– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 33 共1936兲. The synthetic method was used. Refractive indexes were 共1兲 Barrett Co., thiophene-free, boiling range 1 °C: distilled, the
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 measured in saturation as well as equilibrium experiments. middle portion was taken for the next distillation; b.p.
⫽80.15 °C, d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.8727, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.4976.
Variables: Compiled by: 共2兲 U.S. Ind. Alcohol Co.; used as received; purity 99.8–99.9%
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz by density measurements; b.p.⫽78.28 °C, d(25 °C,4 °C兲
⫽0.7852, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.3598.
共3兲 doubly distilled; n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.3326.
Experimental Data
Compositions along the saturation curve Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
x1 x2
T/K
25.0 298.15 0.0416 0.0002 0.0998 0.0010

0.1150 0.0010 0.2488 0.0036
0.1873 0.0033 0.3677 0.0111
0.2761 0.0193 0.4724 0.0561

0.3280 0.0399 0.5103 0.1052
0.3572 0.0571 0.5230 0.1417
0.3855 0.0860 0.5224 0.1976
0.3930 0.3222 0.3740 0.5200
0.3852 0.3418 0.3595 0.5409
0.3086 0.5461 0.2390 0.7170
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
25.0 298.15 0.0101 0.9877 0.0471 0.0003 0.0060 0.9935 0.1120 0.0013
0.0308 0.9628 0.0996 0.0007 0.0185 0.9800 0.2200 0.0028
0.0576 0.9340 0.1496 0.0015 0.0350 0.9630 0.3090 0.0053
0.0725 0.9150 0.1821 0.0030 0.0445 0.9525 0.3600 0.0102
0.0733 0.9142 0.1849 0.0033 0.0450 0.9520 0.3640 0.0110
0.1171 0.8586 0.2398 0.0109 0.0740 0.9200 0.4350 0.0335
0.1192 0.8546 0.2453 0.0121 0.0755 0.9180 0.4410 0.0370
0.1320 0.8360 0.2626 0.0162 0.0845 0.9075 0.4590 0.0480
0.2034 0.7309 0.3539 0.0548 0.1385 0.8440 0.5220 0.1370
0.2452 0.6631 0.3884 0.0898 0.1745 0.8000 0.5215 0.2045
0.3162 0.5319 0.4150 0.1693 0.2475 0.7060 0.4800 0.3320
0.3247 0.5115 0.4156 0.1813 0.2585 0.6905 0.4720 0.3490
0.3489 0.4501 0.4126 0.2265 0.2930 0.6410 0.4400 0.4095
0.393 0.322 0.393 0.322 0.374 0.520 0.374 0.520a
a
Critical composition.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 W. D. Bancroft and S. S. Hubard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 347–53 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 L. A. K. Staveley, R. G. S. Johns, and B. C. Moore, J. Chem.
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共1942兲. 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 Soc. 2516–23 共1951兲.


x1 x2 x1 x2
T/K T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
25.0 298.2 0.1702 0.0032 0.3411 0.0109 27.2 300.35 0.006 44 0.990 44 0.003 82 0.995 46
34.4 307.55 0.006 44 0.989 60 0.003 82 0.995 26
0.4105 0.1349 0.5025 0.2799
42.2 315.35 0.006 44 0.988 27 0.003 82 0.994 95
0.3919 0.3509 0.3604 0.5471

53.7 326.85 0.006 44 0.985 54 0.003 83 0.994 30
0.3246 0.5168 0.2570 0.6939
55.2 328.35 0.006 44 0.985 05 0.003 83 0.994 19
66.5 339.65 0.006 44 0.981 37 0.003 84 0.993 31
Compositions of coexisting phases 14.7 287.85 0.0143 0.983 69 0.008 50 0.991 04
32.6 305.75 0.0143 0.981 60 0.008 51 0.990 54
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 37.4 310.55 0.0143 0.980 68 0.008 52 0.990 31
46.4 319.55 0.0143 0.978 73 0.008 53 0.989 84
hydrocarbon- water- 51.6 324.75 0.0143 0.977 38 0.008 54 0.989 52
68.7 341.85 0.0143 0.971 42 0.008 58 0.988 07
26.1 299.25 0.0183 0.978 28 0.010 90 0.988 30
25.0 298.2 0.0101 0.9856 0.0382 0.0005 0.006 0.993 0.092 0.002 39.1 312.25 0.0183 0.976 145 0.010 92 0.987 78
45.4 318.55 0.0183 0.974 79 0.010 93 0.987 45
0.0332 0.9583 0.0797 0.0005 0.020 0.978 0.181 0.002
51.6 324.75 0.0183 0.973 43 0.010 94 0.987 12
0.0586 0.9206 0.1298 0.0014 0.036 0.959 0.275 0.005
60.6 333.75 0.0183 0.970 83 0.010 97 0.986 49
0.0912 0.8842 0.1813 0.0039 0.057 0.937 0.358 0.013
67.7 340.85 0.0183 0.968 64 0.010 99 0.985 95
0.1294 0.8347 0.2354 0.0100 0.083 0.908 0.430 0.031 18.7 291.85 0.024 65 0.971 77 0.014 73 0.984 44
0.1334 0.8269 0.2407 0.0111 0.086 0.904 0.436 0.034 23.1 296.25 0.024 65 0.971 16 0.014 73 0.984 29
0.1609 0.7887 0.2789 0.0183 0.106 0.881 0.477 0.053 26.6 299.75 0.024 65 0.970 67 0.014 74 0.984 17
0.1894 0.7462 0.3173 0.0337 0.128 0.855 0.505 0.091 32.1 305.25 0.024 65 0.969 78 0.014 75 0.983 95
0.2244 0.6983 0.3551 0.0540 0.156 0.823 0.524 0.135 41.6 314.75 0.024 65 0.968 25 0.014 77 0.983 57
0.2622 0.6355 0.3938 0.0958 0.190 0.781 0.521 0.215 57.3 330.45 0.024 65 0.965 76 0.014 80 0.982 95
61.7 334.85 0.024 65 0.964 09 0.014 82 0.982 54
0.2934 0.5810 0.4106 0.1331 0.221 0.742 0.504 0.277

0.3309 0.5030 0.4177 0.2105 0.265 0.683 0.454 0.388 68.4 341.55 0.024 65 0.962 60 0.014 83 0.982 17
16.7 289.85 0.029 86 0.965 43 0.017 89 0.981 00
32.3 305.45 0.029 86 0.963 13 0.017 93 0.980 43
43.4 316.55 0.029 86 0.961 76 0.017 95 0.980 08
55.6 328.75 0.029 86 0.959 61 0.017 98 0.979 54
11.5 284.65 0.042 13 0.951 91 0.025 40 0.973 19
The binodal curve was prepared by the titration method in 共1兲 source not specified; absolute alcohol; dried with CaO,
27.9 301.05 0.042 13 0.949 60 0.025 45 0.972 60
glass-stoppered thermostated flasks. The end-point was taken distilled.
38.6 311.75 0.042 13 0.948 25 0.025 48 0.972 25
as the first appearance of cloudiness 共when water was the 共2兲 source not specified; thiophene-free grade; dried with CaO,
saturating liquid兲 and the first appearance of tiny drops 共when distilled. 38.8 311.95 0.042 13 0.948 17 0.025 48 0.972 23
benzene was the saturating liquid兲. The phase equilibrium data 共3兲 distilled. 39.0 312.15 0.042 13 0.947 83 0.025 48 0.972 14
were obtained by the authors’ new procedure described in the 62.1 335.25 0.042 13 0.943 25 0.025 58 0.970 95
paper. A binary homogenous mixture of known composition Estimated Error: 1.3 274.45 0.0563 0.937 81 0.034 15 0.964 46
was added to a known amount of the phase until temp. ⫾0.1 °C. 12.2 285.35 0.0563 0.935 95 0.034 20 0.963 96
homogenization was observed. Then the phase composition 27.5 300.65 0.0563 0.933 57 0.034 26 0.963 33
was calculated, by trial-and-error method, using the authors References: 48.6 321.75 0.0563 0.928 93 0.034 39 0.962 08
knowledge about binodal curve. Data reported in Refs. 1 and 2 1
A. T. Lincoln, J. Phys. Chem. 4, 161 共1990兲
2 13.0 286.15 0.0691 0.921 60 0.042 25 0.955 52
were included in the description of the saturation curve. K. A. Varteressian and M. R. Fenske, Ind. Eng. Chem. 28, 928
21.4 294.55 0.0691 0.919 78 0.042 31 0.955 02
共1936兲.
32.6 305.75 0.0691 0.917 33 0.042 40 0.954 35
1037
41.6 314.75 0.0691 0.914 30 0.042 50 0.953 51
56.5 329.65 0.0691 0.911 47 0.042 60 0.952 72
1038
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 Y. C. Chang and R. W. Moulton, Ind Eng. Chem. 45, 2350–61
The synthetic method was used. Mixtures were prepared in 共1兲 source not specified; dried by refluxing over freshly ignited 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共1953兲.
sealed tubes; water was added from a weighted pipette to a lime, and then with magnesium, distilled. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
known mass of alcohol–benzene mixture. 共2兲 source not specified; chemically purified, crystallized,
distilled, dried over phosphoric anhydride. Variables: Compiled by:
共3兲 not specified. T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
Estimated Error:
composition ⬍0.2%; temp. ⬍0.2 °C. Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25.0 298.2 0.1213 0.0012 0.2600 0.0043

0.1496 0.0027 0.3080 0.0095
0.1735 0.0038 0.3458 0.0129
0.2737 0.0179 0.4711 0.0521

0.3430 0.0486 0.5171 0.1242
0.3978 0.1055 0.5160 0.2320
0.4175 0.1639 0.4860 0.3235
0.4177 0.2482 0.4310 0.4342
0.3879 0.3617 0.3529 0.5580
0.2947 0.5708 0.2241 0.7359
0.2597 0.6379 0.1880 0.7830
0.1508 0.8094 0.0980 0.8919
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
25.0 298.2 0.0310 0.9630 0.0676 0.0005 0.0186 0.9800 0.1561 0.0019
0.0629 0.9233 0.1445 0.0018 0.0385 0.9582 0.3001 0.0065
0.0994 0.8813 0.2001 0.0052 0.0621 0.9332 0.3850 0.0171
0.1238 0.8425 0.2424 0.0094 0.0791 0.9125 0.4400 0.0288
0.1671 0.7867 0.3097 0.0329 0.1100 0.8781 0.4975 0.0895
0.2141 0.7181 0.3621 0.0621 0.1468 0.8350 0.5228 0.1521
0.2542 0.6516 0.3964 0.1028 0.1821 0.7915 0.5172 0.2273
0.2957 0.5788 0.4140 0.1423 0.2230 0.7400 0.4995 0.2911
0.3081 0.5579 0.4176 0.1606 0.2358 0.7241 0.4885 0.3185
0.3601 0.4268 0.4186 0.2439 0.3085 0.6201 0.4342 0.4289
0.3980 0.3248 0.3980 0.3248 0.3765 0.5210 0.3765 0.5210a
a
Plait point.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Pority of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. G. Morachevskii and V. P. Belousov, Vestn. Leningr. Univ.,
The cloud point method, as described in Ref. 1, was used. 共1兲 source not specified, absolute alcohol; dehydrated by 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 Ser. 4: Fiz. Khim. 4, 117–25 共1958兲.
Binary alcohol–benzene mixtures were titrated with water to a magnesium ethoxide method; b.p.⫽78.3 °C; n(25 °C,D) 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
sudden appearance of cloudiness. The end point was observed ⫽1.3596; d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.7851.
against a bright light as a background. Refractive indexes were 共2兲 source not specified, reagent grade; dehydrated with Na wire, Variables: Compiled by:
measured at 25.5 °C with an Abbe refractometer. To obtain distilled; b.p.⫽80.1 °C; n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.4978; d(25 °C,4 °C兲 T/K⫽293– 337 A. Skrzecz
equilibrium, mixtures of known composition were overheated ⫽0.8725.
to about 35 °C and placed into a thermostat. When equilibrium 共3兲 distilled.
was reached and the layers were clear in a bright light, phases Experimental Data
were sampled, refractive indexes at 25.5 °C were measured Estimated Error: Compositions of coexisting phases
and compositions were determined on the basis of charts temp. ⫾0.1 °C 共temperature of the bath兲, composition accuracy
obtained in saturation studies. 0.5% in the center part of the binodal curve. x ⬘2 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
References: hydrocarbon- water-

1
S. F. Taylor, J. Phys. Chem. 1, 461 共1897兲. T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-
20 293.2 0.3376 0.4941 0.4268 0.1971 0.272 0.675 0.470 0.368

0.2809 0.6145 0.4180 0.1334 0.206 0.764 0.510 0.276
0.2484 0.6786 0.3976 0.0941 0.174 0.806 0.526 0.211
0.1633 0.7938 0.3179 0.0353 0.107 0.882 0.504 0.095
0.1152 0.8565 0.2489 0.0118 0.073 0.920 0.446 0.036
0.0762 0.9072 0.1881 0.0042 0.047 0.949 0.368 0.014
0.0414 0.9501 0.1327 0.0017 0.025 0.973 0.280 0.006
0.0118 0.9839 0.0637 0.0005 0.007 0.992 0.148 0.002
40 313.2 0.0201 0.9756 0.0642 0.0008 0.012 0.987 0.149 0.003
0.0572 0.9261 0.1176 0.0016 0.035 0.961 0.253 0.006
0.1062 0.8655 0.1792 0.0057 0.067 0.926 0.353 0.019
0.1680 0.7929 0.2495 0.0184 0.110 0.880 0.440 0.055
0.2550 0.6554 0.3273 0.0533 0.182 0.793 0.496 0.137
0.3621 0.3801 0.3842 0.1979 0.327 0.582 0.435 0.380
60 333.2 0.0848 0.8866 0.1107 0.0022 0.053 0.940 0.240 0.008
0.2118 0.7210 0.2300 0.0187 0.145 0.837 0.414 0.057
0.2973 0.5312 0.3010 0.0527 0.235 0.712 0.468 0.139
0.3393 0.3808 0.3424 0.0988 0.310 0.590 0.470 0.230
1039
1040
Compositions of coexisting phases 共liquid–liquid–vapor-equilibria兲
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙ 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 R. V. Mertslin, N. I. Nikurashina, and L. A. Kamaevskaya, Zh.
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 Fiz. Khim. 35, 2628–32 共1961兲.
hydrocarbon- water- 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
P/kPa t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase Variables: Complied by:
25.6 35 308.2 0.014 0.982 0.056 0.001 0.0083 0.9907 0.1313 0.0040
28.3 0.080 0.899 0.154 0.003 0.0496 0.9453 0.3151 0.0104
Experimental Data
28.8 0.145 0.816 0.241 0.015 0.0939 0.8962 0.4324 0.0456
29.2 0.197 0.746 0.298 0.033 0.1327 0.8522 0.4841 0.0909
28.9 0.255 0.649 0.348 0.064 0.1831 0.7900 0.5070 0.1581 x1 x2
28.5 0.320 0.508 0.386 0.124 0.2563 0.6898 0.4899 0.2669 T/K
39.7 45 318.2 0.017 0.979 0.051 0.001 0.0101 0.9889 0.1205 0.0040 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
44.8 0.086 0.889 0.140 0.003 0.0536 0.9403 0.2915 0.0106
26 299.2 0.1169 0.0014 0.2520 0.0050
45.9 0.156 0.801 0.217 0.012 0.1019 0.8871 0.4027 0.0378
0.1873 0.0033 0.3677 0.0111
46.1 0.213 0.727 0.270 0.027 0.1450 0.8390 0.4571 0.0775
0.2155 0.0066 0.4060 0.0210
45.9 0.270 0.619 0.320 0.053 0.1981 0.7701 0.4885 0.1372
0.2738 0.0180 0.4710 0.0525

60.3 55 328.2 0.023 0.972 0.044 0.001 0.0137 0.9851 0.1050 0.0040
0.3280 0.0399 0.5103 0.1052
67.3 0.092 0.879 0.124 0.003 0.0577 0.9352 0.2636 0.0108
0.3569 0.0570 0.5228 0.1415
68.8 0.164 0.789 0.195 0.010 0.1079 0.8800 0.3730 0.0324
0.3854 0.0857 0.5226 0.1970
69.7 0.222 0.704 0.250 0.022 0.1537 0.8263 0.4371 0.0652
0.4052 0.1107 0.5180 0.2400
69.4 0.278 0.586 0.300 0.047 0.2098 0.7500 0.4724 0.1255
0.4076 0.1167 0.5150 0.2500
84.5 64 337.2 0.020 0.971 0.037 0.001 0.0120 0.9859 0.0892 0.0041
0.4107 0.1350 0.5026 0.2800
95.7 0.099 0.873 0.108 0.002 0.0623 0.9309 0.2351 0.0074
0.4116 0.2140 0.4470 0.3940
97.6 0.174 0.776 0.172 0.008 0.1153 0.8718 0.3398 0.0268
0.4247 0.2621 0.4283 0.4482
98.5 0.228 0.685 0.235 0.020 0.1602 0.8159 0.4195 0.0605
0.3930 0.3222 0.3740 0.5200
98.4 0.284 0.563 0.280 0.042 0.2187 0.7352 0.4543 0.1155
0.3950 0.3427 0.3662 0.5387a
0.3706 0.4246 0.3166 0.6150
0.3559 0.4590 0.2950 0.6450
0.3086 0.5461 0.2390 0.7170
0.3098 0.5619 0.2360 0.7258
Mixtures of known total composition were placed in a 共1兲 source not specified; absolute alcohol was obtained by
thermostat for about 2 h. After phase separation, samples of azeotropic dehydration with C6H6; d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7895, 0.2629 0.6611 0.1860 0.7930
each phase were taken for analysis using heat-jacketed n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.3614; in most of experiments distillate 0.1283 0.8397 0.0820 0.9100
pipettes. Composition of each phase at different temperatures 共containing water兲 was used; water concentration was
a
was found by determinations of the total amount of benzene in determined densimetrically and taken into account in Critical solubility point.
a sample combined with tie line data at 20 °C for the mixture composition determinations.
investigated. Total amount of benzene was determined by 共2兲 source not specified; pure for analysis grade, without Distribution of ethanol in ethanol–benzene–water system
adding a known amount of cyclohexane and 80% H2SO4. This thiophene; washed with H2SO4, H2O, dried over CaCl2,
caused separation to an acid–water–alcohol phase and a distilled; b.p.⫽80.10 °C, d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8791, n(20 °C,D) w ⬘1 w ⬙2
benzene–cyclohexane phase, the refractive index of which was ⫽1.5010. T/K hydrocarbon- water-
measured. Benzene concentrations were calculated from the 共3兲 not specified. t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
benzene–cyclohexane refractive index calibration curve. Tie
lines at 20 °C were found by the method described above Estimated Error: 26 299.2 0.0660 0.0050
combined with the binodal curve data at 20 °C determined by temp. ⬍⫾0.1 °C, error of analytical method ⬍0.5%.
0.1380 0.0100
isothermal titration method. Liquid–liquid equilibrium data
were presented together with vapor pressure and vapor 0.2150 0.0200
composition over two-liquid mixtures. 0.2960 0.0300
0.3780 0.0560
0.4530 0.0800
0.4930 0.1060
0.5130 0.1380
0.5230 0.1810
0.5230 0.1810
0.5200 0.2060
0.5160 0.2180
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 S. Ross and R. E. Patterson J. Chem. Eng. Data 24, 111–5
The titration method was used to determine the binodal curve. 共1兲 source not specified, ‘‘absolute;’’ distilled; b.p.⫽78.1 °C, 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共1979兲.
The refractive indexes of mixtures were measured at 26 °C n(26 °C,D)⫽1.3596. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
using an IRF-22 refractometer to construct the calibration 共2兲 source not specified; doubly distilled; b.p.⫽80.0 °C,
curve, which was then used to find the concentration of n(26 °C,D兲⫽1.4975. Variables: Compiled by:
ethanol in both phases at equilibrium. 共3兲 doubly distilled. T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
Estimated Error:
Not reported. Experimental Data
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
20.0 293.15 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000

0.0118 0.9839 0.0637 0.0005 0.007 0.992 0.148 0.002
0.0414 0.9501 0.1327 0.0017 0.025 0.973 0.280 0.006
0.0762 0.9072 0.1881 0.0042 0.047 0.949 0.368 0.014
0.1152 0.8565 0.2489 0.0118 0.073 0.920 0.446 0.036
0.1633 0.7938 0.3179 0.0353 0.107 0.882 0.504 0.095
0.2484 0.6786 0.3976 0.0941 0.174 0.806 0.526 0.211
0.2809 0.6145 0.4180 0.1334 0.206 0.764 0.510 0.276
0.3376 0.4941 0.4268 0.1971 0.272 0.675 0.470 0.368

Mixtures of known composition 共close to the midpoint兲 and 共1兲 source not specified, absolute alcohol; dried with Mg,
mass of about 90 g were prepared by weighing into flasks with distilled; ␳ (20 °C兲⫽0.7895 g cm⫺3, b.p.⫽77.9– 78.1 °C,
tightly fitting ground-glass stoppers. The solutions were shaken n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.3612.
several times and placed in a thermostat for at least 24 h. 共2兲 source not specified, reagent grade; passed through a column
Then density and surface tension of both phases as well as of activated alumina into a bottle containing Na, distilled, 共first
interfacial tension were measured. and last portions of distillate were discarded兲; ␳ (20 °C)
⫽0.8792 g cm⫺3, b.p.⫽79.6– 79.8 °C, n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.5011.
共3兲 distilled, redistilled from KMnO4, acidified with phosphoric
acid, redistilled, 共all distillations under N2 atmosphere兲.
Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
1041
1042
Components: Original Measurements: Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 V. Brandani, A. Chianese, and M. Rossi, J. Chem. Eng. Data 30, The analytical method was used. Mixtures were stirred in an 共1兲 source not specified, reagent grade; used as received.
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 27–9 共1985兲. equilibrium cell fitted with a jacket for the circulating fluid 共2兲 source not specified, reagent grade; used as received.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 and equipped with a mechanical stirrer. After equilibrium was 共3兲 doubly distilled.
reached each layer was withdrawn with a syringe and the
Variables: Complied by: composition was determined by glc 共Carlo Erba Fractovap Estimated Error:
T/K⫽303– 328 A. Skrzecz 2400 T, 2 m Poropak column, thermal conductivity detector; temp. ⫾0.05 °C; composition accuracy ⫾1%.
peak areas were measured with S-3380 Hewlett–Packard
integrator兲. Calibration curves were prepared for the
Experimental Data compositions closed to solubility curve at 20 °C. Each reported
Compositions of coexisting phases result is a mean of four analysis.
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
30.00 303.15 0.015 0.971 0.055 0.001 0.009 0.988 0.129 0.004
0.053 0.935 0.133 0.003 0.032 0.965 0.279 0.011

0.123 0.846 0.233 0.015 0.078 0.914 0.422 0.046
0.138 0.816 0.243 0.015 0.090 0.899 0.435 0.046
0.166 0.781 0.273 0.025 0.110 0.876 0.463 0.072
0.194 0.725 0.315 0.039 0.133 0.845 0.497 0.104
0.203 0.712 0.314 0.051 0.141 0.836 0.484 0.133
0.242 0.662 0.343 0.082 0.173 0.801 0.485 0.197
0.274 0.595 0.370 0.127 0.205 0.756 0.473 0.275
0.288 0.555 0.376 0.162 0.223 0.729 0.452 0.330
0.302 0.545 0.385 0.154 0.235 0.719 0.466 0.316
0.302 0.526 0.377 0.179 0.239 0.707 0.441 0.355
0.349 0.415 0.378 0.256 0.305 0.615 0.396 0.454
0.365 0.353 0.365 0.353 0.340 0.557 0.340 0.557a
40.00 313.15 0.019 0.971 0.052 0.001 0.011 0.986 0.123 0.004
0.065 0.918 0.129 0.004 0.040 0.956 0.272 0.014
0.149 0.806 0.210 0.014 0.097 0.891 0.391 0.044
0.163 0.776 0.233 0.016 0.108 0.876 0.421 0.049
0.200 0.709 0.270 0.025 0.139 0.836 0.459 0.072
0.228 0.674 0.305 0.039 0.162 0.811 0.486 0.105
0.230 0.670 0.306 0.054 0.164 0.808 0.472 0.141
0.265 0.592 0.324 0.094 0.200 0.758 0.456 0.224
0.316 0.472 0.357 0.197 0.264 0.667 0.413 0.386
0.324 0.436 0.356 0.237 0.280 0.639 0.388 0.438
0.344 0.330 0.344 0.330 0.334 0.543 0.334 0.543a
55.00 328.15 0.026 0.960 0.046 0.002 0.016 0.981 0.109 0.008
0.029 0.957 0.049 0.002 0.017 0.979 0.116 0.008
0.094 0.875 0.125 0.005 0.059 0.933 0.264 0.018
0.181 0.755 0.197 0.014 0.122 0.861 0.372 0.045
0.183 0.747 0.209 0.017 0.124 0.858 0.387 0.053
0.203 0.711 0.223 0.016 0.141 0.836 0.407 0.050
0.241 0.643 0.256 0.024 0.175 0.792 0.443 0.070
0.267 0.596 0.293 0.034 0.201 0.759 0.477 0.094
0.268 0.581 0.287 0.060 0.204 0.751 0.446 0.158
0.302 0.476 0.316 0.127 0.253 0.675 0.422 0.287
0.344 0.351 0.343 0.151 0.325 0.562 0.430 0.321
0.354 0.271 0.354 0.271 0.369 0.479 0.369 0.479a
a
Plait point estimated by the authors.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
共2兲 Cyclohexene; C6H10; 关110-83-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.05兲
4.2. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙCyclohexene

system ethanol–cyclohexene–water is given in Table 20.
TABLE 20. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–cyclohexene–water
Washburn et al., 1940 298 sat. 共12兲, eq. 共6兲 1

Kretschmer and Wiebe, 1945 228–298 sat. 共9兲 2

a
Saturation curve
FIG. 11. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲—cyclohexene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1,
The system ethanol–cyclohexene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Compositions along the saturation curves reported in both
䊐—experimental data, Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 1.
references were obtained by the titration method. Experimental data within each data set, measured at various temperatures, as well as
both data sets, are consistent. The experimental results at 228, 273, and 298 K in the paper of Washburn et al.,1 were expressed as the References:
water tolerance of the alcohol–hydrocarbon mixture. Only one binary system, cyclohexene–water, forms a miscibility gap. Binary data 1
E. R. Washburn, C. L. Graham, G. B. Arnold, and L. F. Transue, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1454 共1940兲.
of this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.3 The recommended, Ref. 3, values of mutual 2
C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130 共1945兲.
solubility at 298 K are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9983 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 035. Binary solubility data were not reported together with ternary data in any of the 3
references discussed. Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium at 298.2 K, Ref. 1, are consistent with those measured along the New York, 1989兲.
saturation curve. Experimental results reported at lower temperatures by Kretschmer and Wiebe2 are in agreement with the general
expectation, at lower temperature the solubility gap increases. The maximum ethanol concentration is observed on the saturation curve at
298.2 K. It was reported to be x 1 ⫽0.559 and x 2 ⫽0.157.
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system ethanol–cyclohexene–water were presented only in Ref. 1.
The reported tie lines cover the whole range of miscibility gap. In the paper of Washburn et al.1 two points reported for the hydrocarbon-
rich phase did not contain water 共x 2 ⫽0.9947 and x 2 ⫽0.9460兲. This presumably was the result of analytical limitations 共self constructed
refractive index–composition curve兲. Experimental compositions along the saturation curve and experimental compositions of coexisting
phases in equilibrium at 298.2 K are treated as tentative and are presented in Fig. 11.
1043
1044
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 E. R. Washburn, C. L. Graham, G. B. Arnold, and L. F. Transue, 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130–2
共2兲 Cyclohexene; C6H10; 关110-83-8兴 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1454–7 共1940兲. 共2兲 Cyclohexene; C6H10; 关110-83-8兴共1945兲.

T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz T/K⫽228⫺298 A. Skrzecz

x1 x2 x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.15 0.0727 0.9155 0.0425 0.9548 ⫺45.0 228.2 0.5967 0.3420 0.4849 0.4956
0.2195 0.7607 0.1386 0.8565 0.3586 0.6166 0.2443 0.7491
0.3827 0.5229 0.2831 0.6896 0.1610 0.8304 0.0979 0.9001
0.4811 0.3537 0.4090 0.5361 0.0 273.2 0.5531 0.3170 0.4731 0.4835

0.5415 0.2315 0.5192 0.3957 0.3463 0.5954 0.2420 0.7420
0.5592 0.1570 0.5886 0.2946 0.1593 0.8218 0.0976 0.8979
0.5213 0.0733 0.6431 0.1613 25.0 298.2 0.5234 0.3000 0.4643 0.4745
0.4215 0.0285 0.6132 0.0739 0.3371 0.5797 0.2403 0.7366
0.3313 0.0105 0.5454 0.0308 0.1581 0.8156 0.0974 0.8962
0.2189 0.0017 0.4156 0.0059
0.1098 0.0004 0.2394 0.0017 Comments and Additional Data
0.0884 0.0003 0.1985 0.0012 Water tolerance 共S兲 was described with probable error ⬍0.5% at the range ⫺45–25 °C by the equation: log(S)⫽a⫺b/(T/K兲. The
parameters 共a,b兲 were determined from plots. Water tolerance was defined as: S⫽H2O% by volume•共100 - Hydrocarbon % by volume in
the blend兲/100
vol %
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ hydrocarbon a b
T/K hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase 90 1.312 477.5

75 2.051 530.4
25.0 298.15 0.0053 0.9947 0.0521 0.0007 0.003 0.997 0.123 0.003 50 2.332 487.6
0.0176 0.9734 0.2054 0.0009 0.010 0.988 0.397 0.003
0.0314 0.9596 0.2762 0.0057 0.018 0.980 0.487 0.018 Auxiliary Information
0.0540 0.9460 0.3753 0.0166 0.031 0.969 0.584 0.046
0.0992 0.8836 0.4689 0.0461 0.059 0.937 0.633 0.111
A glass tube with stirrer containing the ternary mixture was 共1兲 source not specified; anhydrous ethanol.
0.1219 0.8653 0.5209 0.0731 0.073 0.924 0.643 0.161
immersed in a bath, the temperature of which could be varied. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽82.55– 82.65 °C.
Mixtures were prepared directly in the tube, by special pipettes 共3兲 not specified.
Auxiliary Information at 15.5 °C. Precautions to exclude moisture and to prevent
evaporation were observed. No correction was made for the Estimated Error:
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: slight expansion in volume when alcohol was mixed with temp. within about 0.3 °C 共duplicate determinations兲;
The titration method, as described in Ref. 1, was used. The 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Company, commercial grade; dried by hydrocarbon. In the paper the experimental results were composition ⬍0.2% relative of volume fraction.
titrant, from a weighed pipette, was added to the weighed refluxing over active lime, twice distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C兲 expressed as the water tolerance of the alcohol–hydrocarbon
binary mixture of known composition and the mixture was ⫽0.7851, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.359 42. blend. For practical purposes water tolerance was defined as
kept in a thermostated bath. To confirm that the end-point was 共2兲 Eastman Kodak Company, commercial grade; distilled in an the volume per cent of water which can be added before
reached the mixture was shaken automatically for at least 15 atmosphere of purified N2, collected in dried nitrogen-filled separation occurs.
min and then reexamined. The plot of refractive index against bottles; d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.8056, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.4434.
phases. The refractive indexes were determinated at the
temperature of 30.0 °C to eliminate an opalescence. Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
References:
1
共1940兲.
Components: Evaluated by: x1 x2 x1 x2

共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.04兲 0.0000 0.000 012 Ref. 9 0.4209 0.5000
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.1140 0.0010 0.4056 0.5200
0.4071 0.0100 0.3902 0.5400
0.4879 0.0200 0.3746 0.5600
4.3. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexane 0.5585 0.0400 0.3588 0.5800
Critical Evaluation: 0.5913 0.0600 0.3428 0.6000
A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲, compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 and 0.6087 0.0800 0.3267 0.6200
distribution of ethanol between phases 共distr.兲 for the system ethanol–cyclohexane–water is given in Table 21. 0.6176 0.1000 0.3105 0.6400
0.6211 0.1200 0.2941 0.6600
TABLE 21. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–cyclohexane–water 0.6210 0.1400 0.2777 0.6800
0.6181 0.1600 0.2611 0.7000
Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref. 0.6132 0.1800 0.2444 0.7200
0.6066 0.2000 0.2276 0.7400
Vold and Washburn, 1932 298 sat. 共16兲, distr. 共8兲 1 0.5987 0.2200 0.2107 0.7600
Tarasenkov and Paulsen, 1937 273, 298 sat. 共19兲 2 0.5897 0.2400 0.1937 0.7800

Tarasenkov and Paulsen, 1939 298 eq. 共3兲 3 0.5798 0.2600 0.1766 0.8000
Kretschmer and Wiebe, 1945 228–298 sat. 共5兲 4 0.5692 0.2800 0.1594 0.8200
Connemann et al., 1990 303–335 eq. 共6兲 5 0.5578 0.3000 0.1422 0.8400
Moriyoshi et al., 1991 298, 323 eq. 共36兲 6 0.5459 0.3200 0.1249 0.8600
Letcher et al., 1991 298 sat. 共17兲, eq. 共6兲 7 0.5335 0.3400 0.1075 0.8800
Plackov and Stern, 1992 298 sat. 共21兲, eq. 共6兲 8 0.5206 0.3600 0.0901 0.9000
a 0.5073 0.3800 0.0725 0.9200
0.4936 0.4000 0.0550 0.9400
0.4796 0.4200 0.0373 0.9600
Saturation curve 0.4653 0.4400 0.0196 0.9800
The ternary system ethanol–cyclohexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Eight studies of the system in the temperature 0.4507 0.4600 0.0000 0.999 63 Ref. 9
range 228–335 K were reported; seven studies included measurements at 298 K. A growing saturation gap with the decreasing tempera- 0.4359 0.4800
ture is well observed from 298 to 335 K. The maximum ethanol concentration changes from 0.628 共298 K兲, through 0.598 共323 K兲 to
0.547 共335 K兲. The temperature 298.2 K was selected to present the behavior of the system. Only one binary system, cyclohexane–water,
forms a miscibility gap. The data for this binary system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume, Phases in equilibrium
Ref. 9; the recommended values of mutual solubility at 298.2 K are: x ⬙2 ⫽1.2•10⫺5 and x ⬘3 ⫽3.7•10⫺4 . Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium of the ternary system ethanol–cyclohexane–water were reported for the tempera-
The end points of saturation curve were reported to be pure cyclohexane and water.6,7 For the water-rich phase and ethanol ture range 298–335 K. The tie lines cover the full area of miscibility gap. The reported plait point calculated in Ref. 5 at 334.1 K was
concentrations up to about 0.16 mole fraction the system was reported to be cyclohexane free.6,7 All these results are within the accuracy x 1 ⫽0.437 and x 2 ⫽0.416. Phase equilibrium data of Tarasenkov and Paulsen,3 are inconsistent with saturation curve and are rejected. The
of experimental measurements which were stated by the authors to be 0.001 mole fraction. The experimental point on saturation curve other reported equilibrium data sets are consistent with one another, and within each data set. The small differences in tie lines are the
x 2 ⫽0.0002 by Vold and Washburn,1 appears to contain experimental error and was rejected. All saturation data sets are consistent within result of experimental errors of phase analysis. The data for phases in equilibrium are considered tentative. The experimental tie lines at
each reference as well as with one another. Experimental solubility and equilibrium data reported at 298.2 K (0.001⬍x 2 ⬍0.98), for both 298.2 K as well as all experimental points on saturation curve, Refs. 4, 6, 7 and 8, at 298.2 K, are reported in Fig. 12.
water-rich and hydrocarbon-rich branches, were described by the equation:
x1⫽1.021 89⫹0.131 29 ln共x2兲⫺1.019 99x 2 .
The least-squares method was used and the standard error of estimate was 0.0198. Compositions on the saturation curve calculated by this
equation for selected concentrations of cyclohexane in the mixture are presented in Table 22 and in Fig. 12.
1045
1046
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 R. D. Vold and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4217–25
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴共1932兲.

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25 298.2 0.0314 0.0007 0.0763 0.0032

0.0898 0.0014 0.2005 0.0059
0.2143 0.0002 0.4106 0.0008
0.2309 0.0016 0.4324 0.0054

0.2868 0.0025 0.5038 0.0081
0.3184 0.0044 0.5385 0.0136
0.4014 0.0110 0.6163 0.0309
0.4876 0.0278 0.6699 0.0698
0.5213 0.0368 0.6847 0.0884
References:
0.5781 0.0634 0.6931 0.1388
1
R. D. Vold and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4217 共1932兲.
0.6226 0.1023 0.6789 0.2038
2
D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 7, 2143 共1937兲.
0.6435 0.1399 0.6541 0.2598
3
D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Acta Physicochim. URSS 9, 75 共1939兲.
0.6269 0.1706 0.6159 0.3063
4
C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130 共1945兲.
0.5656 0.3056 0.4817 0.4754
5
M. Connemann, J. Gaube, L. Karrer, A. Pfennig, and U. Reuter, Fluid Phase Equilib. 60, 99 共1990兲.
0.4485 0.4799 0.3314 0.6479
6
T. Moriyoshi, Y. Uosaki, K. Takahashi, and T. Yamakawa, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 23, 37 共1991兲.
0.2606 0.7039 0.1670 0.8241
7
T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem. 44, 118 共1991兲.
8
9
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, Distribution of ethanol in ethanol–cyclohexane–water system
New York, 1989兲.
t/°C T/K w 1⬘ w 1⬙
共compiler兲 hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase
25.00 298.15 0.000 0.0072

0.000 0.0330
0.000 0.0368
— 0.0665
0.0020 0.1274
0.0037 0.1880
0.0064 0.2810
0.0120 0.4360
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 7,
The titration method was used to obtain points on the 共1兲 source not specified; absolute-standard commercial grade; 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴 2143–8 共1937兲.
saturation curve. A 100 mL flask containing weighed amounts refluxed over freshly ignited lime, distilled from an all-glass 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
of ethanol and cyclohexane was suspended in a temperature apparatus until density showed it to be 99.91% alcohol by Ref. 1.
controlled water bath at 24.8 °C and water was added from a 共2兲 Eastman Kodak Co.; the best grade; fractionally crystallized, Variables: Compiled by:
weighed pipette until phase separation occurred. The distilled, dried over Na, distilled; ␳ ⫽0.773 79 g/cm3, f.p. T/K⫽273– 298 A. Skrzecz
appearance of a second phase was taken as the end-point. ⫽6.20 °C.
After each addition of water the flask was shaken for 30 s and 共3兲 double distilled over KMnO4.
then allowed to stand for at least 5 min. The flask was open Experimental Data
only during addition of water from the pipette. The change of Estimated Error: Compositions along the saturation curve
weight due to evaporation was no larger than 0.3%. Refractive temp. ⫾0.2 K 共estimated by the compiler兲.
index of each saturated mixture was measured at 25.0 °C, x1 x2
0.2 °C above the titration temperature in order to assure References: T/K
homogeneous solutions. To determine the distribution of 1
International Critical Tables, Vol. 3 共McGraw Hill, New York, t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
ethanol between water and organic phases, mixtures of 10 mL 1929兲.
of water and different amounts of ethanol were prepared in 0.0 273.15 0.2316 0.7426 0.1449 0.8488
glass-stoppered bottles, suspended in a thermostat 25.00 °C for 0.3521 0.5680 0.2478 0.7302
12 h and then the refractive indexes of both phases were 0.4245 0.5131 0.3062 0.6762

measured and compared with those obtained for saturation
0.6001 0.3085 0.5003 0.4699
mixtures.
0.6636 0.1900 0.6214 0.3250
0.6298 0.0699 0.7198 0.1460
0.5971 0.0533 0.7184 0.1171
0.4920 0.0182 0.6863 0.0465
0.4288 0.0090 0.6447 0.0247
0.3228 0.0040 0.5441 0.0122
0.1682 0.0006 0.3402 0.0023
20.0 298.15 0.4477 0.4797 0.3310 0.6480
0.5658 0.3056 0.4818 0.4754
0.6110 0.2388 0.5524 0.3945
0.6329 0.2050 0.5911 0.3497
0.6357 0.1401 0.6491 0.2614
0.6004 0.0773 0.6920 0.1627
0.5212 0.0369 0.6845 0.0885
0.3806 0.0075 0.6007 0.0217

A titration method similar to that in Ref. 1 was used. A flask 共1兲 source not specified; purity of 99.97% for 3 points of the
of 100 mL capacity containing a binary cyclohexane–alcohol lower alcohol concentration at each temperature and purity of
mixture of known composition, by weight, was placed in a 92.64% for all other points.
thermostat. The mixture was titrated with water from a 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; b.p.⫽80.9 °C,
microburette with a scale of 0.01 mL, until opalescence, d(20 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.7744.
emulsion or turbidity was observed. Samples of the same 共3兲 source not specified.
binary composition were titrated several times.
Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
References:
1
R. E. Washburn, J. Am. Soc. 53, 3237 共1931兲.
1047
1048
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Acta Physicochim. URSS 9, 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130–2
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴 75–86 共1939兲. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴共1945兲.


x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
T/K hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
⫺45.0 228.2 0.8347 0.1495 0.7493 0.2452a
25.0 298.2 0.0110 0.9743 0.2530 0.0036 0.0061 0.9907 0.4598 0.0119 0.0 273.2 0.6991 0.1252 0.7015 0.2295a
0.0278 0.9563 0.3284 0.0044 0.0156 0.9809 0.5498 0.0135 25.0 298.2 0.5680 0.3052 0.4834 0.4745
0.1607 0.7915 0.6135 0.1125 0.0989 0.8896 0.6624 0.2219 0.3604 0.5809 0.2495 0.7346

0.1662 0.8037 0.1010 0.8919
Auxiliary Information a
Solution in equilibrium with solid cyclohexane.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: Comments and Additional Data
Not described. The data were also reported in Refs. 1 and 2. 共1兲 source not specified. Water tolerance 共S兲 was described with probable error ⬍ 0.5% at the range ⫺45–25 °C by the equation: log(S)⫽a⫺b/(T/K). The
共2兲 source not specified. parameters 共a,b兲 were determined from plots. Water tolerance was defined as: S⫽H2O % by volume•共100-Hydrocarbon % by volume in
共3兲 source not specified. the blend兲/100
Estimated Error:
vol %
Not reported.
hydrocarbon a b
References:
1 90 1.856 628.7
D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 7, 2143
共1937兲. 75 2.421 693.4
2 50 2.850 693.4
D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 8, 76
共1938兲. 25 6.328 1526.0
at the range ⫺45–0 °C; solution in equilibrium with solid cylohexane.

immersed in a bath, the temperature of which could be varied. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽78– 81 °C.
at 15.5 °C. Precautions to exclude moisture and to prevent
slight expansion in volume when alcohol was mixed with temp. within about 0.3 °C 共duplicate determinations兲;
hydrocarbon. In the paper the experimental results were composition ⬍0.2% relative of volume fraction.
expressed as the water tolerance of the alcohol–hydrocarbon
blend. For practical purposes water tolerance was defined as
the volume per cent of water which can be added before
separation occurs.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 M. Connemann, J. Gaube, L. Karrer, A. Pfennig, and U. Reuter, 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 T. Moriyoshi, Y. Uosaki, K. Takahashi, and T. Yamakawa, J.
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴 Fluid Phase Equilib. 60, 99–118 共1990兲. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 23, 37–42 共1991兲.

T/K⫽303– 335 A. Skrzecz T/K⫽298 and 323 A. Skrzecz

Compositions of coexisting phases Compositions of coexisting phases
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙ x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x 2⬙ w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
organic-rich water-rich t/°C hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase

t/°C organic-rich water-rich phase phase 共compiler兲 T/K 共compiler兲共compiler兲 hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase
共compiler兲 T/K phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.00 298.15 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000
30.0 303.2 0.027 0.969 0.337 0.004 0.015 0.984 0.560 0.012 0.0020 0.9870 0.0640 0.0000 0.0011 0.9965 0.1488 0.0000

61.4 334.6 0.074 0.910 0.424 0.019 0.042 0.954 0.627 0.051 0.0070 0.9840 0.1250 0.0000 0.0039 0.9942 0.2676 0.0000
60.5 333.7 0.146 0.826 0.521 0.080 0.088 0.906 0.633 0.178 0.0110 0.9750 0.1640 0.0000 0.0061 0.9908 0.3341 0.0000
61.6 334.8 0.200 0.757 0.547 0.140 0.125 0.864 0.591 0.276 0.0170 0.9750 0.2250 0.0010 0.0094 0.9888 0.4249 0.0035
61.5 334.7 0.316 0.601 0.515 0.262 0.218 0.759 0.476 0.443 0.0260 0.9640 0.2740 0.0030 0.0145 0.9833 0.4874 0.0097
60.9 334.1 0.437 0.416 0.437 0.416 0.348 0.606 0.348 0.606a 0.0270 0.9630 0.3320 0.0050 0.0151 0.9827 0.5530 0.0152
a 0.0380 0.9530 0.4180 0.0120 0.0213 0.9767 0.6306 0.0331
Plait point evaluated by the authors.
0.0510 0.9440 0.4890 0.0260 0.0287 0.9702 0.6734 0.0654
0.0910 0.8980 0.5980 0.0790 0.0524 0.9451 0.6884 0.1661
An equilibration cell with magnetic stirrer and a jacket for 共1兲 Merck, Chromato-quality; dried over molecular sieves 3A; 0.1950 0.7830 0.6220 0.2050 0.1193 0.8754 0.5845 0.3519
circulating thermostated fluid was used. Temperature was purity ⬎99.8 mole %, impurities: organic ⬍0.001 mass fraction, 0.2210 0.7640 0.6130 0.2260 0.1305 0.8634 0.5630 0.3792
measured with a PT-100 resistance thermometer. After phase water ⬍0.000 45 mass fraction by the Karl Fischer titration.
0.2470 0.7180 0.5910 0.2590 0.1571 0.8342 0.5264 0.4214
separation, samples of each phase were withdrawn with a 共2兲 Merck, Chromato-quality; dried over molecular sieves 3A;
syringe, dissolved in a known amount of 2-propanol and purity ⬎99.8 mole %, impurities: organic ⬍0.002 mass fraction, 0.2930 0.6690 0.5600 0.3200 0.1915 0.7988 0.4700 0.4906
analyzed. Walter was determined by the Karl Fischer titration; water ⬍0.000 001 mass fraction by the Karl Fischer titration. 0.3460 0.6010 0.5180 0.3790 0.2362 0.7496 0.4142 0.5536
the mass ratio of ethanol to cyclohexane was determined by 共3兲 distilled three times. 0.3620 0.5810 0.5030 0.4030 0.2504 0.7342 0.3942 0.5770
glc using a peak-area calibration curve prepared earlier. 50.00 323.15 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Estimated Error:
0.0180 0.9820 0.1300 0.0000 0.0099 0.9901 0.2765 0.0000
temp. ⫾0.1 K.
0.0260 0.9700 0.1820 0.0010 0.0144 0.9847 0.3616 0.0036
0.0380 0.9600 0.2670 0.0030 0.0212 0.9784 0.4785 0.0098
0.0480 0.9500 0.3210 0.0060 0.0269 0.9727 0.5394 0.0184

0.0570 0.9400 0.3650 0.0080 0.0321 0.9672 0.5842 0.0234
0.0620 0.9350 0.3920 0.0120 0.0350 0.9643 0.6059 0.0339
0.0730 0.9230 0.4280 0.0210 0.0415 0.9577 0.6277 0.0563
0.0760 0.9190 0.4480 0.0220 0.0433 0.9556 0.6442 0.0578
0.0890 0.8990 0.4780 0.0370 0.0513 0.9460 0.6501 0.0919
0.1250 0.8610 0.5470 0.0800 0.0734 0.9234 0.6520 0.1742
0.1300 0.8540 0.5520 0.0850 0.0766 0.9197 0.6500 0.1829
0.1580 0.8210 0.5780 0.1150 0.0948 0.9002 0.6365 0.2313
0.1870 0.7820 0.5890 0.1230 0.1149 0.8777 0.6358 0.2426
0.2300 0.7300 0.5980 0.1290 0.1456 0.8445 0.6359 0.2506
0.2810 0.6620 0.5870 0.1740 0.1858 0.7995 0.5880 0.3184
0.3800 0.5380 0.5530 0.2750 0.2724 0.7046 0.4926 0.4475
0.4230 0.4830 0.5290 0.3230 0.3152 0.6574 0.4495 0.5014
1049
1050
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, Afr. J. Chem. 44,
The method was similar to that described in Ref. 1. After 共1兲 source and purification procedure was described in Ref. 2. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴 118–21 共1991兲.
equilibrium was reached, both phases were analyzed by glc 共2兲 Dojin Chemical. Co.; spectrograde, used as received; 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
using acetone as an internal standard 共a glass column refractive index agreed to within 0.005 with literature values.
共diameter 3.2 mm, 2 m long兲 packed with PEG-6000 Shimalite 共3兲 de-ionized, distilled over KMnO4, redistilled, by Ref. 1. Variables: Compiled by:
TPA; 353 K, He flow rate 0.33 mL/s兲. Compositions were T/k⫽298 A. Skrzecz
determined from the peak-area diagram. Estimated Error:
composition ⬍⫾0.001 mass fraction.
Experimental Data
References: Compositions along the saturation curve
1
T. Moriyoshi, Y. Uosaki, H. Matsuura, and W. Nishimoto, J.
Chem Thermodyn. 20, 551 共1988兲. w1 w2
2 t/°C
T. Moriyoshi, T. Sakamoto, and Y. Uosaki, J. Chem.
Thermodyn. 27, 947 共1989兲. 共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.144 0.001 0.300 0.004
0.207 0.001 0.399 0.004
0.280 0.004 0.494 0.013

0.366 0.010 0.583 0.029
0.466 0.024 0.657 0.062
0.495 0.030 0.673 0.075
0.597 0.083 0.683 0.174
0.621 0.146 0.634 0.272
0.607 0.215 0.568 0.367
0.560 0.307 0.477 0.478
0.492 0.404 0.387 0.581
0.406 0.518 0.294 0.685
0.298 0.655 0.197 0.791
0.165 0.815 0.099 0.896
0.088 0.903 0.051 0.947
0.000 0.999 0.0000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon-rich water-rich
t/°C hydrocarbon-rich water-rich phase phase
25.0 298.2 0.008 0.990 0.282 0.004 0.004 0.995 0.496 0.013
0.015 0.982 0.374 0.012 0.008 0.991 0.588 0.034
0.028 0.970 0.469 0.025 0.016 0.984 0.658 0.064
0.061 0.930 0.560 0.059 0.035 0.963 0.686 0.132
0.137 0.845 0.621 0.145 0.081 0.915 0.635 0.271
0.200 0.770 0.590 0.249 0.124 0.869 0.533 0.411
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid. Phase Equilib. 71, 189–209
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck: AR grade; refluxed with Mg and I2 , distilled; purity 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴共1992兲.
titration method, as described in Ref. 1. The formation of a ⬎99.9 mole % by glc. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
cloudy mixture was observed visually on shaking after 共2兲 BDH; Gold label grade; used as received; purity ⬎99.9
addition of a known mass of the third component; syringes mole % by glc. Variables: Compiled by:
were precisely weighed. Tie line compositions were 共3兲 not specified. T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
determined by the refractive index method,2 and a
complementary method using the Karl Fischer titration.3 Estimated Error:
Measurements were made at pressure of 94.7 kPa. composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction 共binodal curve兲, ⫾0.01 mole Experimental Data
fraction 共tie lines兲. Compositions along the saturation curve
References: w1 w2
1 T/K
T. M. Letcher, S. Wooten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲. t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
2
共1943兲. 25 298.2 0.0433 0.9506 0.0243 0.9744
3
T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, J. 0.1058 0.8826 0.0614 0.9360
0.1890 0.7851 0.1157 0.8781

0.2915 0.6653 0.1913 0.7976
0.3824 0.5531 0.2697 0.7125
0.4553 0.4600 0.3426 0.6324
0.5204 0.3726 0.4187 0.5476
0.5588 0.3181 0.4703 0.4891
0.5945 0.2590 0.5285 0.4206
0.6230 0.1915 0.5960 0.3347
0.6284 0.1653 0.6215 0.2987
0.6125 0.0939 0.6814 0.1908
0.5235 0.0366 0.6867 0.0877
0.3864 0.0105 0.6024 0.0299
0.3073 0.0044 0.5258 0.0138
0.2471 0.0021 0.4538 0.0070
0.1931 0.0008 0.3788 0.0029
0.1491 0.0005 0.3090 0.0019
0.1111 0.0004 0.2419 0.0016
0.0735 0.0002 0.1685 0.0008
0.0334 0.0002 0.0811 0.0009
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
25 298.2 0.003 0.994 0.057 0.000 0.002 0.998 0.134 0.000

0.007 0.990 0.132 0.000 0.004 0.996 0.280 0.000
0.015 0.982 0.218 0.003 0.008 0.991 0.413 0.010
0.021 0.976 0.290 0.004 0.012 0.988 0.506 0.013
0.032 0.964 0.377 0.005 0.018 0.981 0.601 0.015
0.051 0.943 0.465 0.009 0.029 0.970 0.677 0.024
1051
1052
Method/Apparatus/Procedure Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130–2
Binodal compositions were determined by titration with the 共1兲 Kemika 共Zagreb兲; analytical grade; presumably used as 共2兲 2,2-Dimethylbutane 共neohexane兲; C6H14; 关75-83-2兴共1945兲.
corresponding, less-soluble component until the appearance of received; n⫽1.3593, ␳ (25 °C兲⫽787.0 kg/m3, b.p.⫽79.1 °C. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
turbidity, Ref. 1. The analytical method was used for 共2兲 Kemika 共Zagreb兲; purity not specified; presumably used as
determination of tie-lines. This was based on refractive received; n⫽1.4232, ␳ (25 °C兲⫽773.9 kg/m3, b.p.⫽80.0 °C. Variables: Compiled by:
indexes and densities of the samples, Ref. 1, combined with 共3兲 twice distilled in the presence of KMnO4. T/K⫽228– 298 A. Skrzecz
the oxidation of the alcohol with an excess of potassium
dichromate and determination of unreduced dichromate with Estimated Error:
Na2S2O3. Alcohol in the organic layer was determined after composition ⬍0.0005 mass fraction, binodal, 共relative兲;
4.4. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2,2-Dimethylbutane
extraction with water. composition ⫾2%, tie line. Experimental Data
References:
1
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
⫺45.0 228.2 0.6168 0.3178 0.4987 0.4806

0.3824 0.5911 0.2552 0.7379

0.1759 0.8158 0.1032 0.8949
0.0 273.2 0.5814 0.2996 0.4893 0.4716
0.3713 0.5740 0.2532 0.7322
0.1742 0.8078 0.1029 0.8929
25.0 298.2 0.5596 0.2883 0.4831 0.4656
0.3640 0.5627 0.2519 0.7283
0.1730 0.8021 0.1028 0.8914
Comments and Additional Data

Water tolerance 共S兲 was described with probable error ⬍0.5% at the range ⫺45–25 °C by the equation: log(S)⫽a⫺b/(T/K). The
parameters 共a, b兲 were determined from plots. Water tolerance was defined as: S⫽H2O by volume•共100⫺Hydrocarbon % by volume in
the blend兲/100
vol %
hydrocarbon a b
90 1.235 473.1
75 1.679 444.9
50 1.911 388.5

immersed in a bath, the temperature of which could be varied. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽49.7 °C.
slight expansion in volume when alcohol was mixed with temp. within about 0.3 °C 共duplicate determinations兲,
the volume percent of water which can be added before
separation occurs.

⫺6
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.04兲 0.0000 2.3•10 Ref. 9 0.4172 0.5200
共3兲 Water 共hydrogen oxide兲; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.3709 0.0050 0.4010 0.5400
0.4530 0.0100 0.3847 0.5600
0.5299 0.0200 0.3682 0.5800
4.5. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane 0.5963 0.0400 0.3515 0.6000
distribution of ethanol between phases 共distr.兲 for the system ethanol–hexane–water is given in Table 23. 0.6490 0.1000 0.3008 0.6600
0.6510 0.1200 0.2836 0.6800
TABLE 23. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–hexane–water 0.6495 0.1400 0.2663 0.7000
0.6454 0.1600 0.2489 0.7200
Author共s兲 T/K p/MPa Type of dataa Ref. 0.6393 0.1800 0.2314 0.7400
0.6317 0.2000 0.2139 0.7600
Bonner, 1909 273 sat. 共12兲 1 0.6228 0.2200 0.1962 0.7800
Ormandy and Craven, 1922 242–304 sat. 共25兲 2 0.6128 0.2400 0.1785 0.8000

Tarasenkov and Paulsen, 1937 273, 298 sat. 共25兲, eq. 共2兲 3 0.6020 0.2600 0.1607 0.8200
Mertslin et al., 1961 293 sat. 共8兲, distr. 共18兲 4 0.5904 0.2800 0.1428 0.8400
Vorobeva and Karapetyants, 1966 298 sat. 共16兲, eq. 共9兲 5 0.5781 0.3000 0.1248 0.8600
Ross and Patterson, 1979 293 eq. 共9兲 6 0.5653 0.3200 0.1068 0.8800
Moriyoshi et al., 1988 298 0.1–200 eq. 共50兲 7 0.5521 0.3400 0.0887 0.9000
a 0.5383 0.3600 0.0705 0.9200
0.5242 0.3800 0.0523 0.9400
0.5097 0.4000 0.0340 0.9600
The ternary system ethanol–hexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. The data are discussed on the basis of original papers 0.4799 0.4400 0.0065 0.9900
with the exception of data of Ormandy and Craven,2 which were taken from the handbook of Kafarov,8 these data were also taken into 0.4646 0.4600 0.0019 0.9950
account during evaluation but are not reported as compilation sheet because they do not contribute further to knowledge of the system. 0.4490 0.4800 0.0000 0.99953 Ref. 9
The influence of pressure over the range 0.1–200 MPa at 298 K was also studied;7 the maximum concentration of ethanol on the 0.4332 0.5000
saturation curve varies from x 1 ⫽0.660 at p⫽0.1 MPa to x 1 ⫽0.711 at p⫽200 MPa. Only the binary system hexane–water forms a
miscibility gap. Data for this binary system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.9 The values
of mutual solubility of hexane–water system recommended at 298.2 K are: x ⬘2 ⫽2.3•10⫺6 and x ⬙2 ⫽0.999 53. The data of Tarasenkov and Phases in equilibrium
Paulsen at 273 and 298 K,3 show larger miscibility gaps than any other data set; they are inconsistent and therefore rejected. The The phases in equilibrium were measured at 293 and 298 K over the pressure range 0.1–200 MPa. The tie lines of Ref. 3 are
measurements of Vorobeva and Karapetyants,5 and Ross and Patterson,6 were made with the accuracy of 0.001 mass fraction, and inconsistent and are rejected. The other tie lines cover the whole miscibility gap and are consistent within each data set, within each region
therefore the reported solubilities of binary system hexane–water in these references are outlayers. One of experimental points measured and between the regions. The differences between compositions of the phases in equilibrium reported in Refs. 5 and 7 do not exceed 0.01
by Mertslin et al.,4 (x 1 ⫽0.5582, x 2 ⫽0.3033) is inconsistent and therefore is also rejected. Data of Bonner1 measured at 273 K show a mole fraction. The solubility plait point of the system was reported only by Vorobeva and Karapetyants5 at 298.2 K 共(x 1 ⫽0.478, x 2
slightly larger immiscibility region which is in agreement with general expectation. A maximum value of ethanol concentration on the ⫽0.437兲 and by Bonner1 at 273.2 K 共x 1 ⫽0.498, x 2 ⫽0.414兲. The experimental tie lines at 298.2 K are presented in Fig. 13 together with
saturation curve of x 1 ⫽0.66 is observed at 298.2 K 共Refs. 5 and 7兲. The temperature 298.2 K was selected to present the phase behavior; the saturation curve.
the data sets of Vorobeva and Karapetyants,5 and Moriyoshi et al.7 are consistent. These data were described by the equation:
x1⫽1.04385⫹0.126 03 ln共x2兲⫺1.046 56 x 2 .
The least-squares method was used and the standard error of estimate was 0.0165. Compositions on the saturation curve calculated by the
proposed equation are presented in Table 24 for selected concentrations of hexane in the mixture. The results of calculations 共solid line兲
are presented graphically in Fig. 13 together with experimental data reported at 298.2 K.
1053
1054
Components: Original Measurements;
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738–89 共1909–1910兲.
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
Variables: Complied by:

Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
0.0 273.2 0.4978 0.4375 0.3711 0.6101 plait

point
0.5139 0.4142 0.3902 0.5884
0.6706 0.1893 0.6212 0.3280

0.6822 0.1588 0.6551 0.2853
0.6901 0.1112 0.7072 0.2132
FIG. 13. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲—hexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve,
0.6724 0.0810 0.7306 0.1646
䊊—experimental results of Ref. 5, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 7, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 5 and 7.
0.6496 0.0557 0.7475 0.1199
References: 0.6386 0.0484 0.7500 0.1062
1
W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738 共1909–1910兲. 0.5989 0.0327 0.7448 0.0761
2
W. R. Ormandy and E. C. Craven, J. Inst. Petrol. Technol. 8, 181, 213 共1922兲. 0.5548 0.0202 0.7312 0.0497
3
D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 7, 2143 共1937兲. 0.4928 0.0121 0.6949 0.0320
4
R. V. Mertslin, N. I. Nikurashina, and V. A. Petrov, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35, 2770 共1961兲. 0.2946 0.0021 0.5136 0.0068
5
A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40, 3018 共1966兲.
6
S. Ross and R. E. Patterson, J. Chem. Eng. Data 24, 111 共1979兲.
7
T. Moriyoshi, Y. Uosaki, H. Matsuura, and W. Nishimoto, J. Chem. Thermodyn, 20, 551 共1988兲. Auxiliary Information
8
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Part II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk SSSR,
Moskva, 1963兲.
9
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, New In a tube 1 cm diameter and 12 cm long known amount, by 共1兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled.
York, 1989兲. weight, of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled; n(14 °C)
temperature controlled bath. The contents of the tube were ⫽1.383 82.
stirred and alcohol was added gradually until a homogeneous 共3兲 not specified.
solution was obtained. Observations were made visually
through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were Estimated Error:
always weighed immediately before and after each experiment. accuracy of weighting 0.0001 g.
Concentrations were reported as weight of water in 1 g of
water–hydrocarbon mixture was about 1 g the mass of
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 D. N. Tarasenkov and I. A. Paulsen, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 7, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 2143–8 共1937兲. A titration method similar to that in Ref. 1 was used. A flask 共1兲 source not specified; purity of 99.97% for 3 points of the
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 of 100 mL capacity containing a binary hexane–alcohol lower alcohol concentration at each temperature and purity of
mixture of known composition, by weight, was placed in a 92.64% for all other points.
Variables: Compiled by: thermostat. The mixture was titrated with water from a 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; b.p.⫽68.85 °C,
T/K⫽273– 298 A. Skrzecz microburette with a scale of 0.01 mL, until opalescence, d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.6898.
emulsion or turbidity was observed. Samples of the same 共3兲 source not specified.
binary composition were titrated several times. Compositions
Experimental Data of coexisting phases were obtained by an analytical method Estimated Error:
Compositions along the saturation curve similar to that in Ref. 2. Experimental points were located on temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
the binodal curve obtained by the authors. The ternary mixture
x1 x2 became homogenous when the hexane concentration reached References:
T/K 79.4 mass % at 0 °C and 74.73 mass % at 25 °C. 1
R. E. Washburn. J. Am. Soc. 53, 3237 共1931兲.
2
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 D. N. Tarasenkov and E. N. Polozhentseva, Zh. Obshch. Khim.
2, 84 共1932兲
0.0 273.15 0.1125 0.8536 0.0653 0.9270
0.5730 0.3741 0.4430 0.5410
0.6592 0.3000 0.5332 0.4539

0.7371 0.2189 0.6334 0.3518
0.7658 0.1199 0.7401 0.2167
0.7310 0.0585 0.7922 0.1186
0.6730 0.0364 0.7874 0.0796
0.6715 0.0332 0.7908 0.0732
0.6001 0.0167 0.7682 0.0400
0.4897 0.0080 0.6985 0.0213
0.4807 0.0058 0.6943 0.0157
0.3745 0.0031 0.6004 0.0094
0.2297 0.0012 0.4312 0.0042
25.0 298.15 0.0545 0.9014 0.0310 0.9592
0.2843 0.6564 0.1852 0.7997
0.4866 0.4420 0.3628 0.6164
0.4971 0.4195 0.3782 0.5970
0.6336 0.2994 0.5194 0.4591
0.7321 0.1617 0.6803 0.2811
0.7024 0.0896 0.7384 0.1761
0.6602 0.0611 0.7473 0.1293
0.5879 0.0342 0.7352 0.0800
0.4709 0.0135 0.6749 0.0361

0.3200 0.0059 0.5381 0.0186
0.1870 0.0033 0.3668 0.0121
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
25.0 298.15 0.0015 0.9700 0.1916 0.0006 0.0008 0.9931 0.3767 0.0023
0.0316 0.9434 0.3531 0.0097 0.0175 0.9771 0.5692 0.0291
1055
1056
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 R. V. Mertslin, N. I. Nikurashina, and V. A. Petrov, Zh. Fiz. 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 Khim. 35, 2770-4 共1961兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 35, 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 3018–23 共1966兲.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 1369–72 共1961兲兴. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 40, 1619–22 共1966兲兴.

Experimental Data Experimental Values

x1 x2 x1 x2
T/K T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
20 293.2 0.3683 0.0048 0.5918 0.0143 25 298.2 0.0000 0.9952 0.000 0.999
0.6543 0.0873 0.7122 0.1778
0.2200 0.7548 0.134 0.860
0.6892 0.1224 0.6949 0.2308
0.3391 0.6147 0.225 0.763
0.6327 0.2259 0.5697 0.3805
0.465 0.4526 0.346 0.630

0.5582 0.3033 0.4732 0.4809
0.5054 0.4056 0.3891 0.5841 0.5294 0.3677 0.421 0.547
0.4907 0.4234 0.3728 0.6017 0.5915 0.2777 0.509 0.447
0.4824 0.4391 0.3615 0.6155 0.6021 0.2630 0.525 0.429
0.6378 0.1977 0.595 0.345
Distribution of ethanol in ethanol–hexane–water system 0.6542 0.1415 0.655 0.265
0.6393 0.0786 0.713 0.164
w ⬘1 w ⬙1 0.6361 0.0735 0.717 0.155
T/K hydrocarbon- water- 0.6141 0.0562 0.724 0.124
0.5153 0.0233 0.697 0.059
20 293.2 0.2125 0.5675 0.4007 0.0090 0.618 0.026
0.1325 0.6400 0.2886 0.0040 0.504 0.013
0.0600 0.7300 0.1588 0.0005 0.325 0.002
0.0200 0.6125
0.0150 0.5650 Compositions of coexisting phases
0.0125 0.5175
0.0100 0.4775 x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
0.0075 0.4400
0.0075 0.4125 hydrocarbon- water-
0.0060 0.3830 T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-
0.0055 0.3625 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
0.0055 0.3450
0.0050 0.3250 25 298.2 0.013 0.982 0.301 0.005 0.007 0.992 0.518 0.015
0.0050 0.3100 0.065 0.926 0.562 0.036 0.036 0.962 0.714 0.086
0.0040 0.2925 0.125 0.861 0.646 0.087 0.072 0.925 0.707 0.179
0.0040 0.2700 0.205 0.769 0.657 0.145 0.124 0.870 0.653 0.270
0.0030 0.2550 0.303 0.657 0.618 0.230 0.196 0.794 0.558 0.388
0.0030 0.2325 0.358 0.593 0.584 0.287 0.241 0.746 0.499 0.458
0.390 0.551 0.563 0.320 0.270 0.714 0.466 0.496
0.478 0.437 0.478 0.437 0.360 0.615 0.360 0.615
The titration method was used to determine the binodal curve. 共1兲 source not specified, dehydrated; distilled; b.p.⫽78.0 °C,
The refractive indexes of mixtures were measured to construct n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3596.
the calibration curve, which was then used to find the 共2兲 source not specified; doubly distilled; b.p.⫽68.5 °C,
concentration of ethanol in both phases at equilibrium. n(26 °C,D)⫽1.3751.
共3兲 doubly distilled.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 S. Ross and R. E. Patterson, J. Chem. Eng. Data 24, 111–5
The titration method, Ref. 1, was used to determine solubility 共1兲 source not specified, ‘‘rectificate grade;’’ distilled; water 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴共1979兲.
of the mixtures. The third component was added to the binary concentration was determined by the Karl Fischer method. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
homogenous mixture until cloudiness was first observed. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽68.7 °C, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3753.
Density of the saturated mixtures was measured; these results 共3兲 not specified. Variables: Compiled by:
were graphed. To obtain equilibrium, ternary mixtures were T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
stirred in a thermostated vessel for several hours. After phase Estimated Error:
separation, the density of each phase was measured and solubility ⫾0.001 mass fraction.
composition was determined from the graphs prepared earlier. Experimental Data
Concentration at the critical point was found by method References: Compositions of coexisting phases
described in Ref. 2. Water included in ethanol was taken into 1
E. N. Zilberman, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 26, 1458 共1952兲. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
2
account in all measurements.
hydrocarbon- water- hydrocarbon- water-

T/K rich phase rich phase rich phase rich phase
20.0 293.15 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000

0.0056 0.9944 0.1056 0.0000 0.003 0.997 0.232 0.000
0.0093 0.9907 0.1586 0.0003 0.005 0.995 0.325 0.001
0.0112 0.9888 0.1957 0.0005 0.006 0.994 0.383 0.002
0.0149 0.9851 0.2358 0.0009 0.008 0.992 0.440 0.003
0.0222 0.9778 0.2980 0.0018 0.012 0.988 0.518 0.006
0.0368 0.9632 0.3914 0.0068 0.020 0.980 0.612 0.020
0.1063 0.8892 0.5819 0.0349 0.060 0.939 0.730 0.082
0.2170 0.7577 0.6710 0.1681 0.132 0.862 0.640 0.300

Mixtures of known composition 共close to the midpoint兲 and 共1兲 source not specified, absolute alcohol; dried with Mg,
mass of about 90 g were prepared by weighing into flasks with distilled; ␳ (20 °C)⫽0.7895 g cm⫺3, b.p.⫽77.9–78.1 °C,
tightly fitting ground-glass stoppers. The solutions were shaken n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3612.
several times and placed in a thermostat for at least 24 h. 共2兲 source not specified, reagent grade; passed through a column
Then density and surface tension of both phases as well as of activated alumina distilled, 共first and last portions of distillate
interfacial tension were measured. were discarded; ␳ (20 °C)⫽0.6595 g cm⫺3, b.p.
⫽68.4– 68.5 °C, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3749.
共3兲 distilled, redistilled from KMnO4, acidified with phosphoric
acid, redistilled, 共all distillations under N2 atmosphere兲.
Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
1057
0.064 0.936 0.646 0.041 0.035 0.965 0.764 0.091
1058
0.176 0.813 0.692 0.145 0.103 0.894 0.674 0.264
Components: Original Measurements: 0.204 0.779 0.688 0.168 0.122 0.874 0.650 0.297
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 T. Moriyoshi, Y. Uosaki, H. Matsuura, and W. Nishimoto, J. 200 0.015 0.975 0.411 0.002 0.008 0.990 0.638 0.006
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 20, 551–7 共1988兲. 0.020 0.975 0.475 0.006 0.011 0.988 0.689 0.016
0.023 0.975 0.512 0.010 0.012 0.987 0.713 0.026
0.031 0.969 0.561 0.015 0.017 0.983 0.743 0.037
0.056 0.932 0.649 0.036 0.031 0.966 0.773 0.080
0.091 0.904 0.695 0.071 0.051 0.948 0.756 0.144
0.151 0.839 0.711 0.126 0.088 0.910 0.704 0.233
Experimental Data
0.200 0.790 0.695 0.174 0.119 0.879 0.648 0.304
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ Auxiliary Information
hydrocarbon- water- Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:

t/°C hydrocarbon- water- rich phase rich phase The experimental apparatus consisted of a high-pressure 共1兲 source not specified; dried by refluxing with CaO, followed
共compiler兲 T/K p/MPa rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 equilibrium cell, two hand operated pumps, a pressure by the Lund–Bjerrrum magnesium method, distilled.
exchanger, and two pressure gauges. The equilibrium cell, a 共2兲 source not specified; shaken with conc. H2SO4, neutralized
25.00 298.15 0.1 0.026 0.974 0.310 0.001 0.014 0.986 0.533 0.003 stainless-steel cylinder of 50 cm3 capacity, with mechanical with aq. NaOH, dried over CaCl2, distilled.
0.031 0.966 0.373 0.003 0.017 0.983 0.599 0.009 stirrer was immersed in a thermostat. The mixtures, prepared 共3兲 de-ionized, distilled over KMnO4, redistilled.

0.042 0.956 0.425 0.005 0.023 0.977 0.647 0.014 by mass, were stirred under the desired conditions for at least Estimated Error:
8 h and then allowed to settle for 2 h. Samples of each layer temp. ⫾0.002 K 共control of the thermostat兲; press. ⫾0.1 MPa;
0.046 0.943 0.473 0.007 0.025 0.972 0.686 0.019
were withdrawn for glc analysis 共glass column, 3.2 mm i.d ., composition ⫾0.003 mass fraction.
0.062 0.930 0.523 0.017 0.034 0.964 0.712 0.043 150 cm long, packed with PEG-6000 Shimalite F; T/K⫽343;
0.076 0.914 0.556 0.023 0.042 0.955 0.728 0.056 thermal-conductivity detector equipped with electronic
0.102 0.890 0.605 0.042 0.058 0.941 0.736 0.096 integrator兲. Acetone was used as an inert standard.
0.120 0.865 0.624 0.056 0.069 0.928 0.731 0.123 Compositions were determined from the peak-area ratio and
the calibration curve. Analysis of each phase were done at
0.170 0.818 0.655 0.088 0.100 0.898 0.712 0.179
least twice.
0.190 0.784 0.660 0.116 0.114 0.880 0.684 0.225
0.262 0.705 0.659 0.143 0.164 0.828 0.656 0.266
0.279 0.683 0.641 0.195 0.178 0.813 0.599 0.341
0.326 0.621 0.624 0.220 0.216 0.770 0.569 0.375
0.341 0.605 0.607 0.257 0.228 0.758 0.532 0.421
0.364 0.581 0.599 0.272 0.247 0.738 0.517 0.439
50 0.022 0.978 0.329 0.001 0.012 0.988 0.555 0.003
0.038 0.959 0.450 0.006 0.021 0.979 0.668 0.017
0.049 0.950 0.513 0.012 0.027 0.973 0.711 0.031
0.064 0.930 0.558 0.019 0.035 0.963 0.735 0.047
0.065 0.935 0.569 0.024 0.036 0.964 0.736 0.058
0.074 0.916 0.603 0.034 0.041 0.957 0.746 0.079
0.105 0.892 0.644 0.057 0.059 0.940 0.742 0.123
0.208 0.775 0.674 0.131 0.125 0.871 0.677 0.246
0.254 0.718 0.653 0.194 0.158 0.835 0.607 0.337
100 0.019 0.978 0.346 0.001 0.010 0.989 0.574 0.003
0.034 0.965 0.457 0.006 0.018 0.981 0.674 0.017
0.036 0.964 0.515 0.011 0.020 0.980 0.714 0.029
0.046 0.953 0.559 0.018 0.025 0.975 0.737 0.044
0.057 0.943 0.589 0.025 0.031 0.969 0.749 0.059
0.063 0.934 0.603 0.028 0.035 0.965 0.754 0.065
0.076 0.912 0.643 0.043 0.043 0.955 0.760 0.095
0.173 0.814 0.688 0.118 0.102 0.895 0.699 0.224
0.203 0.779 0.677 0.160 0.122 0.874 0.651 0.288
0.249 0.725 0.658 0.204 0.154 0.840 0.602 0.349
150 0.024 0.974 0.456 0.004 0.013 0.987 0.676 0.011
0.029 0.971 0.516 0.011 0.016 0.984 0.715 0.029
0.039 0.961 0.559 0.016 0.021 0.979 0.740 0.040
0.041 0.959 0.576 0.019 0.022 0.978 0.748 0.046
0.046 0.954 0.605 0.026 0.025 0.975 0.758 0.061
TABLE 26. Characteristic points on the binodal curve of the system ethanol–toluene–water
Components: Evaluated by Max. C2H5OH concentration Plait points

共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.05兲 T/K x1 x2 Ref. x1 x2 Ref.
243.2 0.573 0.168 3 — —
258.2 0.541 0.113 3 — —
273.2 0.523 0.143 3 — —
4.6. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene 273.2 0.520 0.128 2 — —
Critical Evaluation: 278.2 0.512 0.161 3 — —
A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲, compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 and 278.2 0.505 0.100 11 — —
288.2 0.493 0.193 3 — —
distribution of ethanol between phases 共distr.兲 for the system ethanol–toluene–water is given in Table 25.
293.2 0.475 0.166 6 — —
293.2 0.503 0.197 9 0.464 0.357 9
TABLE 25. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–toluene–water
298.2 0.474 0.123 3 0.423 0.341 7
298.2 0.473 0.127 11 — —
Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref. 298.2 0.472 0.159 12 0.41 0.36 12
303.2 0.465 0.139 3 — —
Curtis, 1897 273 sat. 共7兲 1
323.2 0.425 0.160 11 — —
Bonner, 1909 273 sat. 共8兲 2 347.6 0.415 0.166 9 0.403 0.228 9

Ormandy and Craven, 1921 243–303 sat. 共48兲 3 347.7 — — 0.342 0.219 8
Tarasenkov and Polozhentseva, 1932 273–313 eq. 共14兲 4
Washburn et al., 1939 298 sat. 共17兲, distr. 共9兲 5
Leikola, 1940 293 sat. 共8兲 6 The temperature of 298.2 K was selected to present the behavior of the system. All experimental saturation and equilibrium points at
Mondain-Monval and Quiquerez, 1940 298 eq. 共8兲 7 298.2 K water-rich and benzene-rich branches together, were described by the equation:
Arzhanov et al., 1975 348–357 eq. 共6兲 8 x1⫽0.718 83⫹0.092 81 ln共x2兲⫺0.488 76x 2 ⫺0.230 41x 22 .
Borisova et al., 1978 293–353 eq. 共17兲 9
The least-squares method was used and the standard error of estimate was 0.0125. The compositions on the saturation curve calculated by
Bevia et al., 1985 298 sat. 共10兲 10
the proposed equation are presented in Table 27 for selected concentrations to toluene in the mixture. The results of calculations 共solid
Ricna et al., 1989 278–323 sat. 共7兲, eq. 共37兲 11
line兲 are also presented graphically in Fig. 14 together with all experimental data reported at 298.2 K.
Letcher and Siswana, 1992 298 sat. 共15兲, eq. 共6兲 12
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. TABLE 27. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 298.2 K
x1 x2 x1 x2
Saturation curve
0.0000 0.000 0104 Ref. 14 0.3525 0.5000
The ternary system ethanol–toluene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. There are 12 references for this system over the
0.0773 0.0010 0.3417 0.5200
temperature range 243–353 K. This evaluation was made on the basis of original papers with the exception of data of Ormandy and 0.2865 0.0100 0.3305 0.5400
Craven,3 Tarasenkov and Polozhentseva,4 and Leikola,6 which were taken from the handbook of Kafarov;13 these data were also taken 0.3459 0.0200 0.3191 0.5600
into account during evaluation but are not reported as compilation sheet because they do not contribute further to knowledge of the 0.4002 0.0400 0.3073 0.5800
system. Only the binary system toluene–water is partially miscible. The data for this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a 0.4276 0.0600 0.2952 0.6000
previously published SDS volume.14 The recommended values of mutual solubility at 298 K, are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.9972 and x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 0104. The 0.4438 0.0800 0.2829 0.6200
papers of Borisova et al.,9 共x 2⬘ ⫽0.9976 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.0001 at 293.2 K兲 and Letcher and Siswana,12 共x 2⬘ ⫽0.999 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 at 298.2 K兲 0.4540 0.1000 0.2702 0.6400
0.4601 0.1200 0.2573 0.6600
report mutual solubility of the binary system. Accuracy of experimental data reported in Ref. 12 was stated by the authors to be 0.005
0.4634 0.1400 0.2441 0.6800
mole fraction, so these data are consistent. The water-rich phase, Ricna et al.11 is reported to be toluene free over a wide range of
0.4647 0.1600 0.2307 0.7000
temperatures and water concentrations. This indicates that their experimental accuracy was in the range of 0.001–0.005 mole fraction; 0.4642 0.1800 0.2170 0.7200
lower than reported 共0.0001 mole fraction兲. Data of Arzhanov et al.8 and Borisova et al.9 reported for the temperature range 348–357 K 0.4625 0.2000 0.2030 0.7400
describe the vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium. 共The boiling temperatures of two-phase mixture of Ref. 8 were estimated from authors 0.4596 0.2200 0.1888 0.7600
graph.兲 The point 共x 1 ⫽0.5536 and x 2 ⫽0213兲 on saturation curve at 278.2 K, Rican et al.11 appears to contain a typing error and is 0.4558 0.2400 0.1743 0.7800
rejected. Data reported for 273.2, 293.2, 313.2 K by Tarasenkov and Polozhentseva4 contain errors for the toluene-rich phase; the 0.4512 0.2600 0.1596 0.8000
experimental points are inconsistent with saturation curve in the region of low concentration of ethanol. These data are also rejected. Data 0.4458 0.2800 0.1447 0.8200
0.4397 0.3000 0.1295 0.8400
of Borisova et al.,9 at 293.2 K, close to the plait point, show a miscibility gap similar to the data at 273 K and larger than data of Leikola.6
0.4331 0.3200 0.1141 0.8600
All other data for the saturation curve are consistent with one another. Ormandy and Craven3 reported seven isotherms which clearly show
0.4259 0.3400 0.0984 0.8800
the temperature dependence of the saturation data in the range 243–303 K. Characteristic points on the binodal curve of the system 0.4182 0.3600 0.0825 0.9000
ethanol–toluene–water at selected temperatures, reported in literature, are presented in Table 26. At the maximum ethanol concentration 0.4100 0.3800 0.0664 0.9200
point, the errors estimated by the evaluator are to be 0.005 and 0.015 mole fraction of ethanol and benzene, respectively. 0.4014 0.4000 0.0501 0.9400
0.3924 0.4200 0.0335 0.9600
0.3830 0.4400 0.0167 0.9800
1059
0.3732 0.4600 0.0082 0.9900
0.3630 0.4800 0.0000 0.9972 Ref. 14
1060
Compositions of the coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system ethanol–toluene–water were reported in six references
over the temperature range 273–357 K as 11 data sets. Two of these data sets, of Arzhanov et al.,8 and Borisova et al.,9 were measured Components: Original Measurements:
at the boiling temperatures of two-phase mixtures at atmospheric pressure. Data reported by Tarasenkov and Polozhentseva4 contain
errors in the toluene-rich phase, as discussed above, and are rejected. Equilibrium phases for a boiling point of 248.2 K, Borisova et al.9 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴
contain presumably an analytical error. This tie line is inconsistent within the data set; other tie lines at boiling temperatures, Refs. 8 and 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
9, are consistent and cover the full miscibility gap. Other reported data are consistent within each data set. The distribution of ethanol
共direction of tie lines兲 between the phases changes with temperature and at the boiling point 共348–357 K兲 the concentration of ethanol in Variables: Compiled by:
both phases becomes nearly the same. The reported plait points are presented above in Table 2. All equilibrium data are treated as T/K⫽273 A. Skrzecz
tentative. All experimental points at 298.2 K, both saturation and equilibrium data,3,5,7,10,11,12 are presented in Fig. 14.
Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
0.0 273.2 0.3900 0.4764 0.2795 0.6830

0.4451 0.3793 0.3498 0.5962
0.4849 0.3023 0.4135 0.5155
0.5198 0.1275 0.5695 0.2794

0.4937 0.0748 0.6080 0.1842
0.4202 0.0339 0.5990 0.0966
0.3831 0.0226 0.5798 0.0685
0.3224 0.0098 0.5345 0.0326
0.2463 0.0042 0.4496 0.0154

In a tube 1 cm diameter and 12 cm long known amount, by 共1兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled.
weight, of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled.
temperature controlled bath. The contents of the tube were 共3兲 not specified.
through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were accuracy of weighing 0.0001 g.
always weighed immediately before and after each experiment.
References: binary water–hydrocarbon mixture and the weight of alcohol
1
C. B. Curtis, J. Phys. Chem. 2, 371 共1897–1898兲. necessary to make a homogenous solution. The mass of binary
2
W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738 共1909–1910兲. water–hydrocarbon mixture was about 1 g; the mass of
3
W. R. Ormandy and E. C. Craven, J. Inst. Pet. Technol. 7, 325, 422 共1921兲. alcohol—up to 5 g.
4
D. N. Tarasenkov and E. N. Polozhentseva, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 2, 84 共1932兲.
5
R. E. Washburn, A. E. Beguin, and O. C. Beckord, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61, 1694 共1939兲.
6
E. Leikola, Suom. Kemistil. B 13, 13 共1940兲.
7
P. Mondain-Monval and J. Quiquerez, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., Mem. 7, 240 共1940兲.
8
P. G. Arzhanov, L. F. Komarova, and Yu. N. Garber, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 48, 2089 共1975兲.
9
I. A. Borisova, V. G. Vatskova, A. I. Gorbunov, and N. M. Sokolov, Khim. Prom-st 共Moscow兲 347 共1978兲.
10
F. R. Bevia, D. P. Rico, and V. G. Yagues, Fluid Phase Equilibria 23, 269 共1985兲.
11
K. Ricna, J. Matous, J. P. Novak, and V. Kubicek, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 54, 581 共1989兲.
12
13
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Part II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk
14
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 Pergamon,
New York, 1989兲.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 R. E. Washburn, A. E. Beguin, and O. C. Beckord, J. Am. Chem. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 Soc. 61, 1694–5 共1939兲. The solubility curve was determined in a constant temperature 共1兲 source not specified; commercial grade absolute ethanol;
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 bath by a titration method similar to that reported in Refs. refluxed over lime, distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7851,
1–3. Refractive indexes were measured with an Abbe n(25 °C,D)⫽1.359 40.
Variables: Compiled by: refractometer at the same temperature and presented as a 共2兲 source not specified; analytical reagent grade; dried over Na,
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz concentration function in a graph. This graph was used to distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8608, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.493 71.
determine the concentration of alcohol in the samples of each 共3兲 distilled over KMnO4.
phase when equilibrium had been reached. Phase equilibrium
Experimental Data data were reported only as distribution of ethanol. Estimated Error:
Compositions along the saturation curve temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
x1 x2 References:
T/K 1
E. R. Washburn, V. Hnizda, and R. Vold, J. Am Chem. Soc. 53,
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 3237 共1931兲.
2
R. Vold and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4217
25.0 298.2 0.1662 0.7975 0.0936 0.8984 共1932兲.
3
0.2194 0.7195 0.1304 0.8554 E. R. Washburn and H. C. Spencer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 361
共1934兲.
0.2668 0.6464 0.1674 0.8113

0.3106 0.5737 0.2066 0.7633
0.3543 0.4935 0.2529 0.7046
0.4074 0.3780 0.3266 0.6061
0.4497 0.2712 0.4083 0.4926
0.4695 0.1952 0.4737 0.3940
0.4696 0.1310 0.5289 0.2952
0.4604 0.1033 0.5496 0.2467
0.4449 0.0787 0.5642 0.1996
0.4333 0.0674 0.5676 0.1766
0.4022 0.0459 0.5666 0.1294
0.3697 0.0314 0.5546 0.0941
0.3315 0.0199 0.5304 0.0637
0.3155 0.0162 0.5178 0.0533
0.2843 0.0108 0.4889 0.0372
0.2284 0.0047 0.4248 0.0175
Distribution of ethanol in ethanol–toluene–water system
w 1⬘ w 1⬙
25.0 298.2 0.002 0.110

0.007 0.192
0.013 0.257
0.027 0.352
0.047 0.417
0.053 0.469
0.065 0.500
0.082 0.533
0.094 0.556
1061
1062
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 P. Mondain-Monaval, and J. Quiquerez, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 P. G. Arzhanov, L. F. Komarova, and Yu. N. Garber, Zh. Prikl.
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8 ; 关108-88-3兴 Mem. 7, 240–53 共1940兲. 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 Khim. 共Leningrad兲 48, 2089–91 共1975兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 Appl. Chem. 共Leningrad兲 48, 2160–2 共1975兲兴.


Compositions of coexisting phases Compositions of coexisting phases
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙ x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water- hydrocarbon- water-rich

T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water- T/K hydrocarbon- water-rich rich phase phase
t/°C 共compiler兲共complier兲共complier兲 rich phase rich phase t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase phase 共complier兲共compiler兲
25.00 298.15 0.020 0.980 0.0994 0.0002 0.010 0.990 0.220 0.001 80.0 353.2 0.075 0.925 0.085 0.000 0.039 0.961 0.192 0.000
298.15 0.066 0.930 0.179 0.002 0.034 0.965 0.355 0.009 76.5 349.7 0.139 0.815 0.144 0.003 0.078 0.912 0.298 0.012

298.15 0.078 0.908 0.274 0.008 0.041 0.956 0.480 0.029 75.5 348.7 0.205 0.705 0.220 0.006 0.124 0.854 0.412 0.022
298.15 0.199 0.757 0.391 0.038 0.115 0.875 0.566 0.111 75.1 348.3 0.261 0.603 0.263 0.015 0.172 0.793 0.457 0.052
298.15 0.246 0.675 0.445 0.079 0.151 0.830 0.564 0.200 74.7 347.9 0.290 0.530 0.283 0.030 0.204 0.746 0.463 0.098
298.15 0.269 0.649 0.472 0.127 0.168 0.812 0.535 0.287 74.5 347.7 0.342 0.219 0.342 0.219 0.359 0.460 0.359 0.460
298.15 0.354 0.486 0.466 0.210 0.255 0.700 0.460 0.415
298.15 0.423 0.341 0.423 0.341 0.353 0.570 0.353 0.570a Auxiliary Information
a
Plait point. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
The analytical method was used. The equilibrium was 共1兲 Source not specified; purified in the laboratory; b.p.⫽78.3
Auxiliary Information investigated at the boiling temperature at 760 Torr. The ⫾0.1 °C, n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.3614; the properties were in
samples were taken for glc analysis through heated capillaries. agreement with literature data, purity was checked by glc
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: Analysis: column 2 m long and 4 mm diameter filled with analysis.
The analytical method was used. A sample of 100 mL of a 共1兲 source not specified; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7853. polichrom with 15% polyethyleneglycoladipinate; 100 °C; H2 共2兲 source not specified; purified in the laboratory; b.p.⫽110.7
ternary mixture, prepared by weight, was placed in a 共2兲 obtained in the laboratory; d(24 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8622. 100 mL/min; internal standard and homogenizer–acetone. ⫾0.1 °C, n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.4969; the properties were in
thermostat, agitated many times and then left for several hours 共3兲 not specified. Boiling temperatures of the two-phase mixture at 760 Torr agreement with literature data, purity was checked by glc
to separate. The density and refractive index of each phase were estimated from the authors’ graph. analysis.
was measured. Inversion of density was observed. Estimated Error: 共3兲 double distilled.
temp. ⫾0.02 °C.
Estimated Error:
pressure ⫾0.1 Torr.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 I. A. Borisova, V. G. Vatskova, A. I. Gorbunov, and N. M. 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 F. R. Bevia, D. P. Rico, and V. G. Yagues, Fluid Phase Equilib.
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8 ; 关108-88-3兴 Sokolov, Khim. Prom-st 共Moscow兲 347 共1978兲. 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 23, 269–92 共1985兲.


x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 x1 x2
T/K
hydrocarbon- water- t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
t/°C 共compiler兲共complier兲共complier兲 rich phase rich phase 25.0 298.2 0.0878 0.0022 0.196 0.010
0.2028 0.0034 0.390 0.013
20 293.2 0.0000 0.9976 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.9995 0.0000 0.0005 0.3608 0.0296 0.548 0.090

0.0209 0.9751 0.0767 0.0005 0.0106 0.9886 0.1750 0.0022 0.4245 0.0666 0.561 0.176
0.0485 0.9441 0.2067 0.0011 0.0250 0.9735 0.3986 0.0041 0.4623 0.1221 0.532 0.281
0.0797 0.9058 0.2253 0.0047 0.0420 0.9550 0.4205 0.0175 0.4646 0.2344 0.442 0.446
0.1066 0.8790 0.2546 0.0084 0.0570 0.9400 0.4550 0.0300 0.4195 0.3584 0.343 0.586
0.1866 0.7907 0.3533 0.0225 0.1050 0.8900 0.5500 0.0700 0.3659 0.4608 0.270 0.680
0.2548 0.6822 0.4629 0.0778 0.1550 0.8300 0.5800 0.1950 0.2867 0.5963 0.188 0.782
0.3769 0.5097 0.5027 0.1966 0.2616 0.7076 0.4960 0.3880 0.1721 0.7830 0.098 0.892
0.4643 0.3570 0.4643 0.3570 0.3720 0.5720 0.3720 0.5720a
80.0 353.2 0.0600 0.9152 0.0442 0.0007 0.0316 0.9633 0.1055 0.0034b
79.0 352.2 0.0650 0.9098 0.0510 0.0008 0.0343 0.9605 0.1205 0.0037b
78.0 351.2 0.0700 0.9001 0.0634 0.0009 0.0372 0.9566 0.1471 0.0042b Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
77.0 350.2 0.0869 0.8780 0.0858 0.0012 0.0468 0.9458 0.1927 0.0054b The analytical method was used. The quaternary system 共1兲 Merck, analytical reagent grade; volatile impurities ⬍0.1
76.0 349.2 0.1101 0.8480 0.1201 0.0030 0.0604 0.9306 0.2560 0.0128b ethanol–toluene–water–chloroform was investigated. Mixtures mass % by glc.
75.0 348.2 0.1366 0.8020 0.2122 0.0158 0.0774 0.9090 0.3888 0.0580b of known composition representing the chosen ratios of 共2兲 Merck, analytical reagent grade; volatile impurities ⬍0.1
74.5 347.7 0.2801 0.6000 0.3302 0.0660 0.1834 0.7859 0.4728 0.1891b components were vigorously stirred for at least 2 h and then mass % by glc.
allowed to separate. The refractive indexes of both phases 共3兲 not specified.
74.4 347.6 0.3910 0.3401 0.4146 0.1659 0.3324 0.5782 0.4554 0.3644b
were measured in a thermostated ERMA Abbe refractometer
74.3 347.5 0.4031 0.2276 0.4031 0.2276 0.4020 0.4540 0.4020 0.4540a,b,c and the results were plotted as function of ethanol Estimated Error:
a
concentration. Solubility in the ternary system was calculated temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
Critical solubility point. from these plots.
b
Temperatures are the boiling temperatures of the two-phase mixtures.
c
Boiling temperature estimated by the compiler.

The method of description of concentration of phases in 共1兲 source not specified; properties were in agreement with
equilibrium was the same as reported in Ref. 1. No more details literature data.
were reported in the paper. 共2兲 source not specified; properties were in agreement with
literature data.
共3兲 Not specified.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
References:
1
A S. Mozzhukhin, L. A. Serafimov, and V. A. Mitropolskaya,
Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41, 1687 共1967兲.
1063
0.0000 0.9534 0.9757 0.0027 0.0000 0.9905 0.9860 0.0055
1064
0.0030 0.9447 0.9672 0.0073 0.0016 0.9877 0.9752 0.0147
Components: Original Measurements: 0.0047 0.8252 0.8669 0.0275 0.0027 0.9586 0.9000 0.0571
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 K. Ricna, J. Matous, J. P. Novak, and V. Kubicek, Collect. 0.0068 0.7929 0.8333 0.0439 0.0041 0.9491 0.8598 0.0906
共2兲 Methylbenzene 共toluene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 Czech. Chem. Commun. 54, 581–5 共1989兲. 0.0081 0.7481 0.7961 0.0488 0.0051 0.9353 0.8342 0.1023
0.0331 0.6856 0.7719 0.0552 0.0219 0.9055 0.8126 0.1162
0.0306 0.6403 0.7294 0.0655 0.0213 0.8894 0.7755 0.1393
Variables: Compiled By:
T/K⫽278 A. Skrzecz 0.0428 0.6082 0.6888 0.0764 0.0307 0.8716 0.7379 0.1637
0.1021 0.5045 0.5390 0.1570 0.0807 0.7977 0.5546 0.3231
0.1256 0.4592 0.4553 0.2033 0.1041 0.7613 0.4574 0.4085
Experimental Data
w1 w2 Auxiliary Information
T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
The titration method was used for solubility measurements. 共1兲 source not specified ‘‘extra fine;’’ distilled with benzene;
5.0 278.15 0.8620 0.0356 0.8857 0.0732 0.1% H2O by the Karl Fischer method; ␳ (25 °C)
Water was added from a calibrated hypodermic syringe
0.7072 0.0587 0.7719 0.1281 共controlled by a micrometer screw兲 to a binary ethanol– ⫽0.784 98 g cm⫺3, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.3605.
0.5725 0.1045 0.6306 0.2302 toluene mixture of known mass and composition until 共2兲 Lachema Neratovice, A. R. grade; shaken five times with
0.3597 0.1978 0.3875 0.4261 persistent turbidity was observed. The direct analytical method H2SO4 conc., three times with H2O, then with NaOH, dried with

was used for liquid–liquid equilibrium measurements. A Na, distilled; ␳ (25 °C)⫽0.861 24 g/cm3, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.4939.
0.2220 0.2780 0.2280 0.5711
mixture was stirred vigorously for 2–3 h in a thermostated 共3兲 doubly distilled.
0.0928 0.4151 0.0832 0.7443
cell, 1 and after phase separation samples were taken for
0.0213 0.4251 0.0196 0.7814 analysis. A small amount of tetrahydrofuran was added as an Estimated Error:
internal standard and homogenization agent in glc analysis. temp. ⫾0.05 K.
Compositions of coexisting phases Calibration standards were analyzed separately for each phase
prior to each sample analysis by glc. Conditions of the glc
analysis were: glass column 共2.5 mm i.d., 1.5 m兲, Poropak Q,
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
200 °C, carrier gas H2, thermal conductivity detector.
hydrocarbon- water-
5.0 278.15 0.0000 0.9938 0.9980 0.0013 0.0000 0.9988 0.9971 0.0026
0.0000 0.9783 0.9921 0.0052 0.0000 0.9957 0.9886 0.0104
0.0000 0.9763 0.9919 0.0051 0.0000 0.9953 0.9887 0.0102
0.0000 0.9447 0.9888 0.0036 0.0000 0.9887 0.9898 0.0072
0.0000 0.8855 0.9744 0.0050 0.0000 0.9753 0.9818 0.0101
0.0000 0.8197 0.9546 0.0053 0.0000 0.9588 0.9732 0.0108
0.0061 0.7283 0.9080 0.0168 0.0039 0.9298 0.9351 0.0346
0.0255 0.6037 0.8516 0.0235 0.0185 0.8763 0.8988 0.0496
0.0361 0.5554 0.8331 0.0310 0.0276 0.8501 0.8786 0.0654
0.0442 0.5171 0.8091 0.0418 0.0354 0.8274 0.8508 0.0879
0.0655 0.4727 0.7895 0.0369 0.0550 0.7935 0.8478 0.0793
0.0996 0.3951 0.7435 0.0512 0.0916 0.7267 0.8028 0.1106
25.0 298.15 0.0000 0.9930 0.9973 0.0014 0.0000 0.9986 0.9967 0.0028
0.0000 0.9745 0.9932 0.0020 0.0000 0.9949 0.9941 0.0040
0.0000 0.9364 0.9770 0.0072 0.0000 0.9869 0.9794 0.0144
0.0072 0.8082 0.9062 0.0232 0.0042 0.9532 0.9245 0.0473
0.0176 0.6710 0.8236 0.0332 0.0119 0.9059 0.8706 0.0702
0.0170 0.6530 0.8349 0.0295 0.0117 0.8994 0.8817 0.0623
0.0305 0.6093 0.7857 0.0460 0.0219 0.8767 0.8327 0.0975
0.0571 0.5171 0.7374 0.0586 0.0454 0.8222 0.7892 0.1254
0.0947 0.4518 0.6349 0.0963 0.0806 0.7686 0.6808 0.2065
0.1172 0.4227 0.6200 0.1000 0.1026 0.7399 0.6670 0.2152
0.1265 0.4009 0.6194 0.0998 0.1136 0.7203 0.6669 0.2149
50.0 323.15 0.0000 0.9928 0.9960 0.0013 0.0000 0.9986 0.9963 0.0026
0.0000 0.9908 0.9927 0.0038 0.0000 0.9982 0.9910 0.0076
0.0000 0.9674 0.9803 0.0058 0.0000 0.9935 0.9829 0.0116

共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 17 共1992兲. formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of with Mg and I2; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 a known mass of one component to a mixture of known ⫽0.78524, n⫽1.3594.
masses of the other two components. Precision weighing 共2兲 BDH; used as received; purity better than 99.6 mole % by
Variables: Complied by: syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz compositions were determined by the refractive index method 共3兲 not specified.
Experimental Data estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and
Compositions along the saturation curve 0.01 mole fraction for tie lines 共estimated by the authors兲.
w1 w2 References:
1
T/K T. M. Letcher, S. Wooten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heward, J.
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
2
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 共1943兲.
3
0.174 0.001 0.349 0.004
0.242 0.003 0.445 0.011

0.319 0.014 0.525 0.046
0.404 0.041 0.575 0.117
0.424 0.053 0.577 0.144
0.460 0.099 0.554 0.238
0.472 0.159 0.505 0.340
0.456 0.228 0.440 0.440
0.430 0.323 0.367 0.551
0.378 0.441 0.284 0.663
0.296 0.591 0.194 0.777
0.174 0.785 0.099 0.892
0.094 0.889 0.050 0.946
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-rich rich phase phase
t/°C T/K共compiler兲 rich phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.341 0.510 0.470 0.170 0.240 0.719 0.494 0.358
0.285 0.610 0.466 0.112 0.184 0.789 0.545 0.262
0.230 0.697 0.445 0.070 0.139 0.844 0.572 0.185
0.178 0.778 0.410 0.042 0.102 0.889 0.579 0.119
0.090 0.890 0.315 0.012 0.048 0.940 0.523 0.040
1065
1066
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130–2 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 T. M. Letcher, B. C. Bricknell, I. D. Sewry, and S. E. Radloff, J.
共2兲 Methylcyclohexane 共hexahydrotoluene兲; C7H14; 关108-87-2兴共1945兲. 共2兲 1-Heptene; C7H14; 关592-76-7兴 Chem. Eng. Data 39, 320–3 共1994兲.

4.7. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Methylcyclohexane 4.8. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Heptene

x1 x2 w1 x2 w1 w2
T/K T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共complier兲共complier兲 t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
⫺45.0 228.2 0.8952 0.0527 0.7251 0.2327 25.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
0.8320 0.1470 0.5030 0.4843 0.202 0.770 0.109 0.885

0.6471 0.3429 0.2562 0.7399 0.361 0.579 0.223 0.762
0.0 273.2 0.8580 0.0505 0.7005 0.2248 0.455 0.457 0.311 0.666
0.8091 0.1429 0.4946 0.4761 0.538 0.342 0.409 0.555
0.6366 0.3373 0.2545 0.7351 0.596 0.248 0.503 0.446
25.0 298.2 0.8349 0.0492 0.6850 0.2198 0.628 0.171 0.586 0.340
0.7922 0.1399 0.4882 0.4700 0.637 0.113 0.653 0.247
0.6275 0.3325 0.2530 0.7308 0.611 0.063 0.700 0.154
0.513 0.022 0.692 0.063
0.412 0.013 0.620 0.042
Water tolerance 共S兲 was described with probable error ⬍ 0.5% at the range ⫺45–25 °C by the equation: log(S)⫽a⫺b/(T/K兲. The 0.300 0.010 0.507 0.036
parameters 共a,b兲 were determined from plots. Water tolerance was defined as: S⫽H2O % by volume•共100-Hydrocarbon % by volume in 0.239 0.005 0.438 0.020
the blend兲/100. 0.047 0.001 0.112 0.005
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
vol %
hydrocarbon a b
75 2.058 587.6 x1 x2 x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
50 2.210 504.9
hydrocarbon- water-
25 2.047 347.3 T/K hydrocarbon- water- rich phase rich phase
25.0 298.2 0.365 0.578 0.595 0.246 0.225 0.761 0.504 0.444
A glass tube with stirrer containing the ternary mixture was 共1兲 source not specified; anhydrous ethanol. 0.262 0.700 0.639 0.121 0.148 0.843 0.645 0.260
immersed in a bath, the temperature of which could be varied. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽99.85– 100 °C. 0.228 0.743 0.555 0.033 0.125 0.869 0.706 0.089
Mixtures were prepared directly in the tube, by special pipettes 共3兲 not specified. 0.193 0.783 0.442 0.017 0.103 0.892 0.641 0.053
0.099 0.890 0.239 0.005 0.049 0.948 0.438 0.020
the volume percent of water which can be added before
separation occurs.
Components: Evaluted by:
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
The experimental methods have been described in Ref. 1. No 共1兲 source not specified. 共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.03兲
more details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 Aldrich; distilled; purity ⬎99.8 mole % by glc, ␳ 共3兲 Water 共hydrogen oxide兲; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
⫽0.692 65 g cm⫺3.
Estimated Error:
4.9. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane
Not reported. Critical Evaluation:
A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲, compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 and
References:
1
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203 distribution of ethanol between phases 共distr.兲 for the system ethanol–heptane–water is given in Table 28.
共1992兲.
TABLE 28. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–heptane–water
Bonner, 1909 273 sat. 共9兲 1

Schweppe and Lorah, 1954 303 sat. 共24兲, distr. 共7兲 2

Vorobeva and Karapetyants, 1966 298 sat. 共15兲, eq.共9兲 3
Letcher et al., 1986 298 sat. 共8兲, eq.共3兲 4
a
Saturation curve
The ternary system ethanol–heptane–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 1 covering the majority of the concentration triangle.
The system was investigated by four groups over the temperature range 273–303 K; the saturation data are consistent with one another.
Only the heptane–water binary system forms a miscibility gap. The data of this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a
previously published SDS volume,5 the recommended values at 298 K are: x ⬙2 ⫽4.3•10⫺7 and x ⬘3 ⫽5.6•10⫺4 . The data reported by
Schweppe and Lorah,2 at 303 K, and Vorobeva and Karapetyants,3 at 298 K, include solubility of the binary system heptane–water;
x 2⬙ ⫽0.0003 and x 3⬘ ⬍0.005, respectively. These values are less precise and do not agree with the recommended data reported in Ref. 5. All
experimental solubility and equilibrium data reported at 298 K in Refs. 3 and 4, were described by the equation:
x1⫽1.1136⫹0.1319 ln共x2兲⫺1.2083x 2 ⫹0.0932x 22 .
The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0087. The selected points on the
saturation curve, calculated by the above equation together with the ‘‘best’’ values of Ref. 5 are presented in Table 29 as in Fig. 1 as solid
line.
1067
1068
x1 x2 x1 x2
0.0000 0.000 000 43 Ref. 5 0.4242 0.5200

0.5735 0.0200 0.4070 0.5400
0.6408 0.0400 0.3897 0.5600
0.6703 0.0600 0.3723 0.5800
0.6844 0.0800 0.3548 0.6000
0.6900 0.1000 0.3372 0.6200
0.6903 0.1200 0.3196 0.6400
0.6869 0.1400 0.3019 0.6600
0.6809 0.1600 0.2842 0.6800
0.6729 0.1800 0.2664 0.7000
0.6634 0.2000 0.2486 0.7200
0.6526 0.2200 0.2308 0.7400
0.6407 0.2400 0.2129 0.7600
0.6281 0.2600 0.1951 0.7800
0.6147 0.2800 0.1772 0.8000

0.6007 0.3000 0.1593 0.8200
0.5862 0.3200 0.1414 0.8400
FIG. 15. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲—heptane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve,
0.5713 0.3400 0.1235 0.8600
䊊—experimental data, Ref. 3, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 4, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 3 and 4.
0.5559 0.3600 0.1056 0.8800
0.5403 0.3800 0.0877 0.9000 References:
0.5243 0.4000 0.0699 0.9200 1
0.5081 0.4200 0.0520 0.9400 2
J. L. Schweppe and J. R. Lorah, Ind. Eng. Chem. 46, 2391 共1954兲.
0.4917 0.4400 0.0341 0.9600 3
0.4751 0.4600 0.0163 0.9800 4
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
0.4583 0.4800 0.0000 0.999 44 Ref. 5 5
0.4413 0.5000 New York, 1989兲.
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system ethanol–heptane–water were reported in Refs. 3 and 4 at
298.2 K. The reported equilibrium data sets are not consistent with one another, although they are consistent within each data set. The data
for phases in equilibrium differ very much from one another; they are treated as doubtful. Part of experimental tie lines from both
discussed references are crossing one another and therefore they are rejected and not reported in Fig. 15. These tie lines cover the region
of high heptane concentration 共⬎0.79 mole fraction兲 in the heptane-rich phase.
The plait point at 298.2 K reported in Ref. 3 is x 1 ⫽0.517 and x 2 ⫽0.409.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738–89 共1909–1910兲. 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 J. L. Schweppe and J.R. Lorah, Ind. Eng. Chem. 46, 2391–2
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴共2兲Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴共1954兲.


x1 x2 w1 w2 x1 x2
T/K
t/°C T/K共compiler兲共compiler兲共complier兲 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
0.0 273.2 0.5662 0.3557 0.4131 0.5646 30.00 303.15 0.2061 0.7890 0.1071 0.8919
0.7044 0.1695 0.6276 0.3285 0.3650 0.6296 0.2102 0.7886
0.7289 0.1126 0.7037 0.2364 0.4437 0.5078 0.2831 0.7048

0.7145 0.0736 0.7462 0.1673 0.5318 0.4133 0.3662 0.6190
0.7030 0.0656 0.7509 0.1524 0.5996 0.3124 0.4565 0.5173
0.6640 0.0438 0.7601 0.1092 0.6226 0.2892 0.4841 0.4891
0.6086 0.0250 0.7549 0.0674 0.6865 0.1889 0.5990 0.3585
0.5797 0.0176 0.7475 0.0495 0.6687 0.2222 0.5597 0.4046
0.4939 0.0092 0.6974 0.0281 0.6298 0.2674 0.5032 0.4647
0.6997 0.1458 0.6495 0.2944
0.6963 0.0784 0.7292 0.1785
In a tube 1 cm diameter and 12 cm long known amount, by 共1兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled. 0.6477 0.0398 0.7563 0.1010
weight, of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled. 0.4764 0.0073 0.6862 0.0230
0.4957 0.0073 0.7021 0.0226
solution was obtained. Observations were made visually Estimated error: 0.5784 0.0135 0.7537 0.0384
through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were accuracy of weighing 0.0001 g. 0.6367 0.0253 0.7727 0.0669
always weighed immediately before and after each experiment. 0.6587 0.0394 0.7638 0.0993
Concentrations were reported as weight of water in 1 g of 0.2808 0.0005 0.4988 0.0021
0.1155 0.0002 0.2502 0.0009
water–hydrocarbon mixture was about 1 g; the mass of 0.3727 0.0026 0.5986 0.0090
alcohol—up to 5 g. 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0016

0.2738 0.0005 0.4901 0.0019
Distribution of ethanol in ethanol–heptane–water system
w ⬘1 w ⬙1
30.00 303.15 0.029 0.106

0.032 0.290
0.050 0.392
0.050 0.460
— 0.624
0.055 0.752
0.145 0.663
1069
1070
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
The titration method was used. Third component 共hexane or 共1兲 U.S. Industrial Chemicals, Inc., U.S.P., 200-proof; 共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 3018–23 共1966兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 40, 1619–22
water兲 was added to the binary alcohol solutions, respectively, n(30 °C兲⫽1.3579; used as received. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共1966兲兴.
held in a temperature controlled bath until a cloud point was 共2兲 Philips Petroleum Co., pure grade; purity⬎99 mole %,
observed. The solutions were prepared by weight, using an n(30 °C兲⫽1.3835. Variables: Compiled by:
analytical balance. Density and refractive index measurements 共3兲 distilled. T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
were made for the mixture and then plotted separately for each
component. Then tie lines were determined by analytical Estimated Error:
method. The two-phase mixtures were placed in a temp. ⫾0.03 °C. Experimental Data
thermostated bath and agitated periodically. After phase Compositions along the saturation curve
separation, densities of both phases were measured and
concentrations were read from the plots. Phase equilibrium x1 x2
data were reported in incomplete form; only distribution of T/K
ethanol between water and heptane was reported. t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9945 0.000 0.999

0.3108 0.6535 0.178 0.814
0.4828 0.4488 0.325 0.657
0.5591 0.3415 0.417 0.554

0.6474 0.2381 0.535 0.428
0.6843 0.1730 0.613 0.337
0.6877 0.1609 0.627 0.319
0.7009 0.1279 0.670 0.266
0.6868 0.0730 0.731 0.169
0.6432 0.0413 0.751 0.105
0.5959 0.0257 0.745 0.070
0.5372 0.0151 0.721 0.044
0.4486 0.0081 0.661 0.026
0.3467 0.0022 0.572 0.008
0.2070 0.0010 0.399 0.004
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hyrocarbon- water-rich
T/K rich phase phase hydrocarbon- water-rich
25 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.365 0.003 ⬍0.001 1.000 0.591 0.009

0.030 0.970 0.492 0.008 0.014 0.986 0.697 0.026
0.128 0.857 0.692 0.086 0.064 0.933 0.716 0.194
0.218 0.758 0.695 0.135 0.116 0.879 0.659 0.278
0.270 0.698 0.677 0.181 0.150 0.843 0.601 0.350
0.326 0.630 0.656 0.222 0.190 0.800 0.553 0.407
0.381 0.568 0.626 0.266 0.233 0.755 0.502 0.464
0.401 0.542 0.612 0.284 0.250 0.736 0.482 0.486
0.517 0.409 0.517 0.409 0.360 0.620 0.360 0.620
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
The titration method, Ref. 1, was used to determine solubility 共1兲 source not specified, ‘‘rectificate grade:’’ distilled; water 共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲.
homogenous mixture until cloudiness was first observed. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽98.4 °C, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3877.
Density of the saturated mixtures was measured; these results 共3兲 not specified. Variables: Compiled by:
were graphed. To obtain equilibrium, ternary mixtures were T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
composition was determined from the graphs prepared earlier. Experimental Data
Concentration at the critical point was found by method References: Compositions along the saturation curve
account in all measurements. 2
E. N. Zilberman, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 26, 1458 共1952兲. w1 w2
t/°C
共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲
25 298.2 0.082 0.000 0.186 0.000

0.229 0.002 0.429 0.008
0.421 0.006 0.640 0.020

0.565 0.022 0.730 0.062
0.678 0.067 0.734 0.158
0.680 0.128 0.658 0.269
0.631 0.244 0.521 0.438
0.232 0.726 0.127 0.864
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬙1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
25 298.2 0.190 0.790 0.636 0.041 0.099 0.897 0.747 0.105

0.110 0.875 0.418 0.006 0.054 0.943 0.637 0.020
0.078 0.912 0.138 0.002 0.038 0.960 0.288 0.009

The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 NCP, South Africa, absolute grade; dried with magnesium
determine the coexistence curve. The third component was metal activated with iodine, distilled.
added from a weighed gas-tight syringe to a weighed mixture 共2兲 Analytical Carbo Erba, purity 99.5 mole %; purified by
of the other two components in 100 mL long-neck flask until passing through columns containing silica gel and basic alumina.
one drop 共weighing less than 0.01 g兲 resulted in cloudiness. 共3兲 de-ionized.
shaken continuously. Refractive indexes of these mixtures Estimated Error:
were measured at 298.3 K to ensure that separation did not composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction for measured points, ⫾0.01
composition in the immiscible region. The flasks were shaken
well and the phases allowed to separate. Refractive indexes of References:
1
samples of both phases were measured and related to S . W. Briggs and E. W. Commings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
1071
1072
共2兲 m-Xylene 共1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-xylene兲; C8H10; Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.04兲 0.0000 0.000 027 Ref. 9 0.3983 0.4800
关108-38-3兴 0.1623 0.0010 0.3864 0.5000
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.3588 0.0100 0.3741 0.5200
0.4143 0.0200 0.3615 0.5400
0.4645 0.0400 0.3485 0.5600
4.10. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ m-Xylene 0.4894 0.0600 0.3351 0.5800
A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the 0.5124 0.1000 0.3075 0.6200
system ethanol–m-xylene–water is given in Table 30. 0.5171 0.1200 0.2932 0.6400
0.5192 0.1400 0.2785 0.6600
TABLE 30. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–m-xylene–water 0.5192 0.1600 0.2636 0.6800
0.5177 0.1800 0.2484 0.7000
0.5108 0.2200 0.2170 0.7400
Bonner, 1909 273 sat. 共10兲 1
0.5059 0.2400 0.2009 0.7600
Holt and Bell, 1914 273–373 sat.共43兲 2

0.5001 0.2600 0.1845 0.7800
Mochalov, 1937 273, 323 eq.共12兲 3
0.4936 0.2800 0.1678 0.8000
0.4864 0.3000 0.1508 0.8200
Mondain-Monval and Quiquerez, 1940 298 sat. 共22兲, eq. 共8兲 5
0.4789 0.3200 0.1336 0.8400
Nam et al., 1972 298 sat. 共16兲, eq. 共10兲 6
0.4702 0.3400 0.1160 0.8600
a
0.4519 0.3800 0.0802 0.9000
0.4421 0.4000 0.0618 0.9200
The ternary system ethanol–m-xylene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. This critical evaluation is based on the original papers 0.4210 0.4400 0.0243 0.9600
with the exception of data of Mochalov3 and Leikola4 which were taken from the handbooks of Seidel and Linke7 and Kafarov,8 0.4099 0.4600 0.0000 0.9974 Ref. 9
respectively; these data sets were also taken into account during evaluation but are not reported as compilation sheets because they do not
contribute further to knowledge of the system. Data of Holt and Bell2 measured over a wide temperature range, show a decreasing
miscibility gap with increasing temperature which is in agreement with the general expectation. The points x 1 ⫽0.4706 at 336.2 K and Phases in equilibrium
x 1 ⫽0.3956 at 373.2 K are incompatible with other data and presumably contain experimental errors. Data of Leikola4 for 293 K are close The equilibrium data for the ternary system ethanol–m-xylene–water were reported in the papers of Mochalov,3 Mondain-Monval
to the data for 298.2 K, with the exception of one experimental point x 1 ⫽0.561, x 2 ⫽0.243, which presumably contains an experimental and Quiquerez,5 and Nam et al.6 At 298.2 K data of Mondain-Monval and Quiquerez5 covered the region closer to the plait point, while
error. Other solubility data are consistent within each data set, at the same temperature as well as with one another. Nam et al.,6 checked data of Nam et al.6 covered the region from low methanol concentrations to the equilibrium point 共x 1 ⫽0.412, x 2 ⫽0.024 in water-rich
their experiments in two ways: repetition of experiment with another mixture and by reappearance of turbidity by lowering the tempera- phase兲. The results are consistent within each data set but there is significant disagreement between the first tie line of Ref. 5 共x 1⬙
ture; so these data are considered more reliable. Equilibrium compositions of both phases, reported in Ref. 6, are consistent with saturation ⫽0.261 and x⫽0.002兲 and the tie lines reported by Nam et al.6 Other reported tie lines are consistent. Systematic changes in the partition
measurements. Only one binary system, m-xylene–water, forms a miscibility gap. This system was compiled and critically evaluated in coefficient of ethanol are observed with temperature. Characteristic points on the binodal curve, plait point and maximum ethanol
a previously published SDS vol. 38, Ref. 9. These recommended values are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.000 0344 and x ⬙2 ⫽0.9989 at 273 K; x ⬘2 ⫽0.000 029 and concentration, reported or estimated, are presented at selected temperatures in Table 32. The errors of maximum ethanol concentration
x 2⬙ ⫽0.9978 at 293 K and x 2⬘ ⫽0.000 027 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.9974 at 298 K. All experimental data are treated as tentative. Data reported at 298.2 point estimated by the evaluator are 0.01 and 0.02 mole fraction of ethanol and m-xylene, respectively.
K by Mondain-Monval and Quiquerez5 and Nam et al.,6 x 2 ⬍0.96 共water-rich and hydrocarbon-rich branches were treated together兲, were
used to construct the fitting equation: TABLE 32. Characteristic points on binodal curve of the system ethanol–m-xylene–water
x1⫽0.765 79⫹0.087 29ln共 x 2 兲 ⫺0.495 55x 2 ⫺0.284 48x 22 .
Max. C2H5OH concentration Plait points
The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0164. Selected points on the
saturation curve, calculated by this equation together with the recommended values of Ref. 9 are presented in Table 31 and in Fig. 16 as T/K x1 x2 Ref. x1 x2 Ref.
the solid line. Experimental points at 298.2 K are also shown.
273.2 0.59 0.19 1 0.549 0.329 3
298.2 0.53 0.15 5 0.470 0.324 5
298.2 0.53 0.13 6 — —
314.2 0.51 0.15 2 — —
323.2 — — 0.492 0.274 3
336.2 0.46 0.16 2 — —
The experimental data for phase equilibria at 298.2 K are considered tentative and are presented in the Fig. 16.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738–89 共1909–1910兲
共2兲 m-Xylene 共1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-xylene兲; C8H10;
关108-38-3兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
0.0 273.2 0.4350 0.4704 0.2795 0.6967

0.5548 0.2714 0.4444 0.5011

0.5912 0.1911 0.5294 0.3944
0.6028 0.1170 0.6139 0.2745
0.5772 0.0835 0.6396 0.2133
0.5387 0.0490 0.6627 0.1390
FIG. 16. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲—m-xylene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve,
䊊—experimental data, Ref. 5, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 6, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 5 and 6. 0.5036 0.0302 0.6667 0.0920
0.4684 0.0223 0.6516 0.0714
References: 0.3953 0.0114 0.6047 0.0403
1
2
A. Holt and N. M. Bell, J. Chem. Soc. 105, 633 共1914兲.
3
K. I. Mochalov, Izv. Biol. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Molotov. Gos. Univ. 11, 25 共1937兲. Auxiliary Information
4
E. Leikola, Suomen Kemistil. B 13, 13 共1940兲.
5
P. I. Mondain-Monval and J. Quiquerez, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. Mem. 7, 240 共1940兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
6
S. Nam, T. Hayakawa, and S. Fujita, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 5, 327 共1972兲. In a tube 1 cm diameter and 12 cm long known amount, by 共1兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled.
7 weight, of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled.
A. Seidel and W. F. Linke, Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds, Supplement to the Third Edition, Am. Chem. Soc., D
共Ban Nostrand Co., New York, 1952兲.
8
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk solution was obtained. Observations were made visually Estimated Error:
SSSR, Moskva, 1963兲. through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were accuracy of weighing 0.0001 g.
9
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 38, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part II: Hydrocarbons C8 to C36 always weighed immediately before and after each experiment.
共Pergamon, New York, 1989兲. Concentrations were reported as weight of water in 1 g of
necessary to make a homogeneous solution. The mass of

1073
1074
Distribution of m-xylene in ethanol—m-xylene—water system
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. Holt and N. M. Bell, J. Chem. Soc. 105, 633–9 共1914兲. x ⬘2 x ⬙2
共2兲 m-Xylene 共1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-xylene兲; C8H10; hydrocarbon- water-rich
关108-38-3兴 T/K rich phase phase
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
Variables: Compiled by: 0 273.2 0.8018 0.0093

T/K⫽273– 373 A. Skrzecz 0 273.2 0.6995 0.0229
19 292.2 0.8212 0.0105
Experimental Data 19 292.2 0.5840 0.0527
w1 w2
T/K
To a known volume of m-xylene small portions of alcohol 共1兲 source not specified; ‘‘absolute’’ ethyl alcohol; used as
0 273.2 0.4112 0.4918 0.2598 0.7162 were added. After each addition of alcohol, water was added received.
0.5335 0.3189 0.4023 0.5542 until a distinct milkiness was observed. The mixture was kept 共2兲 source not specified; ‘‘nearly pure’’ m-xylene; used as
at constant temperature and was shaken repeatedly. received.
0.5827 0.2323 0.4895 0.4497
共3兲 distilled.

0.5961 0.1783 0.5443 0.3752
0.5907 0.1446 0.5749 0.3243 Estimated Error:
0.6002 0.1196 0.6091 0.2797 Not reported.
0.5843 0.0873 0.6393 0.2201
0.5522 0.0600 0.6557 0.1642
0.5271 0.0450 0.6604 0.1299
0.5143 0.0362 0.6649 0.1079
19 292.2 0.4043 0.4836 0.2587 0.7132
0.5069 0.3031 0.3961 0.5458
0.5344 0.2131 0.4753 0.4368
0.5471 0.1636 0.5275 0.3635
0.5637 0.1318 0.5714 0.3079
0.5452 0.1087 0.5856 0.2691
0.5398 0.0922 0.6023 0.2371
0.5200 0.0691 0.6191 0.1896
0.4731 0.0404 0.6254 0.1231
0.4289 0.0223 0.6172 0.0740
41 314.2 0.3853 0.4608 0.2556 0.7045
0.4719 0.2822 0.3873 0.5338
0.4963 0.1979 0.4630 0.4255
0.5075 0.1517 0.5124 0.3530
0.5075 0.1214 0.5443 0.3001
0.5007 0.0998 0.5645 0.2593
0.4661 0.0557 0.5964 0.1643
0.4437 0.0442 0.5949 0.1366
0.4122 0.0336 0.5836 0.1096
0.4035 0.0268 0.5864 0.0898
63 336.2 0.3708 0.4435 0.2530 0.6974
0.4167 0.3322 0.3254 0.5979
0.4706 0.2814 0.3870 0.5333
0.4522 0.2163 0.4186 0.4614
0.4606 0.1836 0.4503 0.4137
0.4644 0.1587 0.4751 0.3741
0.4564 0.1248 0.5028 0.3168
0.4566 0.0993 0.5315 0.2664
0.4495 0.0766 0.5540 0.2176
0.4035 0.0419 0.5628 0.1347
100 373.2 0.3956 0.1881 0.3988 0.4370
0.3824 0.0759 0.4972 0.2274
0.4097 0.0375 0.5752 0.1213

共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 P. Mondain-Monval and J. Quiquerez, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. The analytical method was used. 100 mL of ternary mixture, 共1兲 source not specified; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7853.
共2兲 m-Xylene 共1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-xylene兲; C8H10; Mem. 7, 240–53 共1940兲. prepared by weight, was placed in thermostat, agitated many 共2兲 source not specified; d(25 °C, 4 °C)⫽0.8593, b.p.
关108-38-3兴 times and then leave for several hours to separate. The density ⫽138.1 °C at 739 Torr.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 and refractive index of each phase was measured. Inversion of 共3兲 not specified.
density was observed.
Variables: Compiled by: Estimated Error:
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz temp. ⫾0.02 °C.
Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25.00 298.15 0.2039 0.0006 0.3948 0.0029

298.15 0.2763 0.0036 0.4880 0.0145

298.15 0.3433 0.0105 0.5536 0.0389
298.15 0.3887 0.0176 0.5876 0.0614
298.15 0.4485 0.0344 0.6144 0.1086
298.15 0.4717 0.0421 0.6216 0.1279
298.15 0.4992 0.0592 0.6175 0.1689
298.15 0.4895 0.0553 0.6158 0.1602
298.15 0.5132 0.0783 0.6014 0.2114
298.15 0.5238 0.0917 0.5915 0.2387
298.15 0.5328 0.1163 0.5680 0.2857
298.15 0.5345 0.1343 0.5490 0.3180
298.15 0.5344 0.1479 0.5347 0.3410
298.15 0.5304 0.1818 0.4995 0.3945
298.15 0.5185 0.2237 0.4569 0.4543
298.15 0.5133 0.2312 0.4479 0.4649
298.15 0.4877 0.2887 0.3932 0.5363
298.15 0.4618 0.3456 0.3463 0.5972
298.15 0.4287 0.4037 0.3009 0.6531
298.15 0.3870 0.4940 0.2462 0.7242
298.15 0.3168 0.5931 0.1843 0.7952
298.15 0.1803 0.7874 0.0898 0.9039
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
25.00 298.15 0.051 0.938 0.261 0.002 0.023 0.975 0.470 0.010
298.15 0.146 0.838 0.395 0.019 0.070 0.927 0.591 0.066
298.15 0.182 0.782 0.475 0.044 0.091 0.902 0.621 0.133
298.15 0.229 0.713 0.526 0.090 0.121 0.867 0.595 0.235
298.15 0.285 0.646 0.537 0.115 0.158 0.827 0.573 0.282
298.15 0.320 0.592 0.541 0.142 0.186 0.794 0.545 0.330
298.15 0.342 0.555 0.541 0.148 0.206 0.770 0.539 0.340
298.15 0.470 0.324 0.470 0.324 0.362 0.576 0.362 0.576a
1075
a
Plait point.
1076
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 S. Nam, T. Hayakawa, and S. Fujita, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 5, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 m-Xylene 共1,3-dimethylebenzene, 1,3-xylene兲; C8H10; 327–34 共1972兲. The titration method was used to determine solubility curve. A 共1兲 Wako Pure Chemical Inst. Ltd., guaranteed reagent;
关108-38-3兴 binary ethanol–xylene mixture of known composition was ␳ (25 °C)⫽785.32 kg m⫺3, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.3600; used as
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 prepared in a conical flask with silicone stopper to prevent received.
evaporation. The mixture was placed in a thermostated vessel, 共2兲 Kishida Chem. Ltd., guaranteed reagent; ␳ (25 °C)
Variables: Compiled by: agitated by a magnetic stirrer and titrated through a needle of ⫽859.88 kg m⫺3, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.4940; used as received.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz the syringe with water until two phases were observed. The 共3兲 ion exchanged, distilled.
result was checked by another ternary mixture, of the same
composition as above: 共a兲 titrated with one of the pure Estimated Error:
Experimental Data components until the turbidity disappeared, 共b兲 by temp. ⫾0.02 °C and ⫾0.1 °C 共near plait point兲.
Compositions along the saturation curve reappearance of turbidity by lowering the temperature about
0.5 °C. The two-phase mixture was placed in a 50 mL
x1 x2 glass-stoppered test tube at temperature of 25 °C, shaken
T/K vigorously, kept for nearly 2 h in a constant temperature water
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 bath, and after separation each layer was pipetted for
sampling. Refractive index and density of each phase were
25.00 298.15 0.1678 0.8001 0.0829 0.9109 measured and composition was found from the calibration
0.2748 0.6548 0.1517 0.8331 curves constructed during solubility measurements. When
0.3464 0.5499 0.2094 0.7661 mixtures were not separated clearly after several hours, a

centrifuge was used to obtain separation.
0.4281 0.4081 0.2988 0.6565
0.4730 0.3222 0.3651 0.5731
0.5102 0.2433 0.4371 0.4803
0.5310 0.1772 0.5040 0.3877
0.5349 0.1275 0.5567 0.3059
0.5097 0.0729 0.6061 0.1998
0.4685 0.0447 0.6150 0.1351
0.4368 0.0309 0.6100 0.0993
0.3816 0.0175 0.5809 0.0613
0.3284 0.0096 0.5388 0.0364
0.2806 0.0052 0.4907 0.0210
0.2410 0.0028 0.4437 0.0117
0.1988 0.0015 0.3861 0.0065
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙
25.00 298.15 0.049 0.945 0.1506 0.0008 0.022 0.977 0.311 0.004
0.066 0.923 0.1888 0.0015 0.030 0.968 0.371 0.007
0.076 0.907 0.2272 0.0021 0.035 0.962 0.426 0.009
0.080 0.903 0.2430 0.0031 0.037 0.960 0.446 0.013
0.090 0.888 0.2662 0.0044 0.042 0.954 0.474 0.018
0.114 0.864 0.3068 0.0069 0.054 0.942 0.519 0.027
0.118 0.860 0.3221 0.0084 0.056 0.940 0.534 0.032
0.134 0.834 0.3562 0.0129 0.065 0.929 0.563 0.047
0.145 0.818 0.3789 0.0164 0.071 0.922 0.580 0.058
0.164 0.800 0.4118 0.0239 0.081 0.912 0.599 0.080

共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. Skrzecz 共1995.04兲
共2兲 o-Xylene 共1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-xylene兲; C8H10; 0.0000 0.000 0293 Ref. 3 0.3861 0.5000
关95-47-6兴 0.1468 0.0010 0.3741 0.5200
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.3424 0.0100 0.3617 0.5400
0.3981 0.0200 0.3489 0.5600
0.4490 0.0400 0.3358 0.5800
4.11. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ o-Xylene 0.4748 0.0600 0.3223 0.6000
system ethanol–o-xylene–water is given in Table 33. 0.5052 0.1200 0.2797 0.6600
0.5081 0.1400 0.2648 0.6800
TABLE 33. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–o-xylene–water 0.5090 0.1600 0.2496 0.7000
0.5082 0.1800 0.2341 0.7200
0.5029 0.2200 0.2020 0.7600
Bonner, 1909 273 sat. 共10兲 1
0.4987 0.2400 0.1855 0.7800

0.4937 0.2600 0.1686 0.8000
a
0.4813 0.3000 0.1340 0.8400
0.4741 0.3200 0.1162 0.8600
The ternary system ethanol–o-xylene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. The system was measured at temperatures 273 and 298 0.4580 0.3600 0.0797 0.9000
K in two references. Only one binary system, o-xylene–water, forms a miscibility gap. Binary data were compiled and critically evaluated 0.4491 0.3800 0.0611 0.9200
in a previously published SDS volume.3 The recommended values of mutual solubility of the o-xylene–water system at 298 K are: x ⬘2 0.4397 0.4000 0.0421 0.9400
⫽0.9974 and x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 029 3.3 Binary data were not reported together with the ternary system and data reported in the both references 0.4299 0.4200 0.0228 0.9600
are far from the binary systems. Experimental errors were ⫾0.05 mass % 共estimated by the evaluator兲 for data reported in Ref. 1 and ⫾0.1 0.4196 0.4400 0.0032 0.9800
mass % 共estimated by the authors兲 for data reported in Ref. 2. Experimental data for phases in equilibrium, reported in Ref. 2, were also 0.4088 0.4600 0.0000 0.9974 Ref. 3
used to construct the binodal curve. Although the composition of the o-xylene-rich phase is outside the saturation measurements and is 0.3976 0.4800
scattered, the data appear to be consistent within one another. The data reported from both references appear consistent although they
were measured at different temperatures. The system shows increasing solubility with temperature. Data at both temperatures are treated
as tentative. The data at 298.2 K 共Ref. 2兲 were described by the equation: Phases in equilibrium
x1⫽0.746 15⫹0.086 71 ln共x2兲⫺0.437 11x 2 ⫺0.325 75x 22 . For the ternary system ethanol–o-xylene–water, phases, in equilibrium were measured only in Ref. 2 at temperature 298.2 K. The tie
The least-squares method was used. The standard error of estimate was 0.0127. The model is not valid in the region of high lines cover the middle area of miscibility gap and are consistent with one another. They are considered tentative. The plait point was not
concentration of o-xylene (x 2 ⬎0.98). Compositions on the saturation curve calculated by the equation are presented in Table 34 for reported. All experimental data reported at 298.2 K, Ref. 2, are presented in Fig. 17.
selected concentrations of o-xylene in the mixture. The results of calculations 共solid line兲 are presented also graphically 共Fig. 17兲 together
with all experimental data reported at 298.2 K.
1077
1078
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738–89 共1909–1910兲
共2兲 o-Xylene 共1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-xylene兲; C8H10;
关95-47-6兴

Experimental Data
t/°C T/K x1 x2 w1 w2
0.0 273.2 0.4153 0.4972 0.2604 0.7182

0.5053 0.3972 0.3464 0.6275
0.6030 0.2120 0.5181 0.4198
0.5977 0.1544 0.5690 0.3388
0.5873 0.1124 0.6094 0.2687

0.5580 0.0677 0.6485 0.1814
FIG. 17. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲—o-xylene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve, 0.5252 0.0434 0.6616 0.1259
䊊—experimental results of Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 2. 0.4615 0.0230 0.6445 0.0739
0.4116 0.0109 0.6212 0.0379
References: 0.3232 0.0037 0.5434 0.0142
1
2
S. Nam, T. Hayakawa, and S. Fujita, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 5, 327 共1972兲.
3
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 38, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part II: Hydrocarbons C8 to C36
共Pergamon, New York, 1989兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
weight of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled.
through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were accuracy of weighting 0.001 g.
共2兲 o-Xylene 共1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-xylene兲; C8H10; 327–34 共1972兲. The titration method was used to determine solubility curve. A 共1兲 Wako Pure Chemical Inst. Ltd., guaranteed reagent;

mixtures were not separated clearly after several hours, a
0.3432 0.5521 0.2072 0.7681
0.4256 0.4106 0.2964 0.6590
0.5110 0.2465 0.4353 0.4839
0.5312 0.1251 0.5568 0.3023
0.5143 0.0827 0.5963 0.2210
0.4700 0.0472 0.6124 0.1416
0.4333 0.0314 0.6060 0.1013
0.3785 0.0177 0.5774 0.0624
0.3276 0.0098 0.5377 0.0369
0.2801 0.0053 0.4900 0.0212
0.2479 0.0033 0.4521 0.0140
0.2226 0.0023 0.4192 0.0099
0.1777 0.0012 0.3543 0.0056
0.1439 0.0006 0.2999 0.0030
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

25.00 298.15 0.061 0.922 0.190 0.002 0.028 0.969 0.372 0.008
0.080 0.903 0.229 0.003 0.037 0.960 0.428 0.012
0.095 0.889 0.265 0.004 0.044 0.953 0.472 0.018
0.095 0.889 0.264 0.005 0.044 0.953 0.471 0.019
0.116 0.862 0.310 0.007 0.055 0.941 0.522 0.029
0.102 0.876 0.306 0.008 0.048 0.948 0.517 0.030
0.130 0.849 0.362 0.014 0.062 0.934 0.566 0.052
0.147 0.816 0.403 0.023 0.072 0.921 0.592 0.079
0.167 0.796 0.448 0.036 0.083 0.910 0.611 0.114
1079
1080
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of x1 x2 x1 x2
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10; Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.04兲
关106-42-3兴 0.0000 0.000 031 Ref. 4 0.3795 0.5000
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.0758 0.0010 0.3668 0.5200
0.3257 0.0100 0.3539 0.5400
0.3957 0.0200 0.3406 0.5600
4.12. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ p-Xylene 0.4586 0.0400 0.3272 0.5800
system the system ethanol–p-xylene–water is given in Table 35. 0.5171 0.1000 0.2852 0.6400
0.5226 0.1200 0.2708 0.6600
TABLE 35. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–p-xylene–water 0.5250 0.1400 0.2561 0.6800
0.5249 0.1600 0.2413 0.7000
0.5194 0.2000 0.2109 0.7400
Bonner, 1909 288 sat. 共12兲 1
0.5147 0.2200 0.1954 0.7600
0.5090 0.2400 0.1798 0.7800

Letcher et al., 1989 298 sat.共15兲, eq. 共6兲 3
0.5023 0.2600 0.1639 0.8000
a 0.4949 0.2800 0.1479 0.8200
0.4868 0.3000 0.1316 0.8400
0.4781 0.3200 0.1152 0.8600
The system ethanol–p-xylene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Solubility data for the saturation curve obtained by the titration 0.4591 0.3600 0.0819 0.9000
method were reported in all three references. Data for phases in equilibrium, reported in Refs. 2 and 3, were also used for construction 0.4489 0.3800 0.0650 0.9200
of the binodal curve. Only one binary pair of components, p-xylene–water, is partially miscible. Data of this system were compiled and 0.4382 0.4000 0.0479 0.9400
critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.4 The recommended, values of mutual solubility of p-xylene–water system at 0.4272 0.4200 0.0306 0.9600
298.2 K are: x 2⬙ ⫽3.1•10⫺5 and x 2⬘ ⫽0.9974. The end points of the saturation curve, Ref. 3, were reported to be x 1 ⫽0.000, x 2 ⫽0.998 and 0.4158 0.4400 0.0132 0.9800
x 1 ⫽0.065, x 2 ⫽0.000, which suggests that ethanol is only partially soluble in water. These numerical results are within the accuracy of 0.4040 0.4600 0.0044 0.9900
experimental measurements which was stated by the authors to be 0.005 mole fraction, however, they are not adequate to describe the 0.3919 0.4800 0.0000 0.9974 Ref. 4
region of low ethanol concentration. Data of Bonner, Ref. 1, reported at 288.2 K, are consistent with the results of Refs. 2 and 3. All
experimental saturation data reported at 298.2 K2,3 are in agreement. For x 2 ⬎0.003, the results were fitted to the equation:
x1⫽0.845 30⫹0.111 30 ln共x2兲⫺0.704 79x 2 ⫺0.144 88x 22 . Phases in equilibrium
The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0246. Selected points on the Compositions of equilibrium phases of the ternary system ethanol–p-xylene–water at 298.2 K were reported in Refs. 2 and 3. These
saturation curve, calculated by this equation together with the ‘‘best’’ values of Ref. 4 are presented in Table 36. Experimental points at data are presented in Fig. 18. The reported tie lines cross one another. For similar compositions of the hydrocarbon-rich phase, the
298.2 K are also presented in Fig. 18. concentration of ethanol at equilibrium in the water-rich phase is always reported to be lower by Nam et al.,2 than by Letcher et al.,3 e.g.:
x 1⬘ ⫽0.044 x 2⬘ ⫽0.939, x 1⬙ ⫽0.0728 x 2⬙ ⫽0.0004 共Ref. 2兲 and x 1⬘ ⫽0.031 x 2⬘ ⫽0.960, x 1⬙ ⫽0.0292 x 2⬙ ⫽0.0007 共Ref. 3兲 or x 1⬘ ⫽0.163 x 2⬘
⫽0.806, x ⬙1 ⫽0.4457 x ⬙2 ⫽0.0369 共Ref. 2兲 and x ⬘1 ⫽0.168 x ⬘2 ⫽0.795, x ⬙1 ⫽0.514 x ⬙2 ⫽0.074 共Ref. 3兲. These equilibrium data sets are not
consistent with one another, although each is internally consistent. The plait point of the system at 298.2 K, calculated by Letcher and
Siswana5 was reported to be x 1 ⫽0.48 x 2 ⫽0.35. The plait point reported by Bonner at 288.2 K1 was x 1 ⫽0.486, x 2 ⫽0.340. The
equilibrium and saturation data are presented together with calculated binodal curve in Fig. 18.
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10;
关106-42-3兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
15.0 288.2 0.3768 0.5161 0.2343 0.7397

0.4732 0.3581 0.3468 0.6048

0.4856 0.3401 0.3631 0.5860 plait point
0.5238 0.2629 0.4318 0.4994
FIG. 18. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲—p-xylene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated binodal curve, 0.5532 0.1734 0.5220 0.3772
䊊—experimental results of Ref. 2, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 3, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 2 and 3. 0.5572 0.1318 0.5671 0.3091
0.5280 0.0630 0.6337 0.1744
References: 0.5040 0.0464 0.6407 0.1358
1
2
S. Nam, T. Hayakawa, and S. Fujita, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 5, 327 共1972兲. 0.4308 0.0222 0.6190 0.0735
3
T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053 共1989兲. 0.3625 0.0103 0.5741 0.0375
4
5

1081
1082
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10; 327–34 共1972兲. The titration method was used to determine solubility curve. A 共1兲 Wako Pure Chemical Inst. Ltd., guaranteed reagent;
0.0963 0.0050 0.2097 0.0250 mixtures were not separated clearly after several hours, a

0.4276 0.4062 0.2993 0.6552
0.5057 0.2401 0.4365 0.4777
0.5297 0.1761 0.5042 0.3863
0.5292 0.1257 0.5548 0.3037
0.5049 0.0755 0.5990 0.2063
0.4636 0.0441 0.6119 0.1340
0.4206 0.0266 0.6025 0.0879
0.4339 0.0309 0.6073 0.0998
0.3789 0.0175 0.5783 0.0615
0.3277 0.0096 0.5381 0.0364
0.2815 0.0052 0.4918 0.0208
0.2399 0.0028 0.4423 0.0117
0.1930 0.0015 0.3774 0.0066
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙
25.00 298.15 0.044 0.939 0.0728 0.0004 0.020 0.977 0.167 0.002
0.051 0.932 0.1113 0.0006 0.023 0.974 0.242 0.003
0.066 0.918 0.1917 0.0011 0.030 0.967 0.376 0.005
0.080 0.903 0.2413 0.0028 0.037 0.960 0.444 0.012
0.086 0.897 0.2613 0.0036 0.040 0.957 0.469 0.015
0.102 0.876 0.3000 0.0064 0.048 0.948 0.512 0.025
0.115 0.853 0.3671 0.0154 0.055 0.939 0.570 0.055
0.163 0.806 0.4457 0.0369 0.080 0.914 0.608 0.116
0.247 0.701 0.5013 0.0720 0.131 0.858 0.601 0.199
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10; J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053–60 共1989兲. The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. A 共1兲 source not specified; used as received.
关106-42-3兴 binary mixture of known composition was titrated with the 共2兲 source not specified; recrystallized three times.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 third component until cloudiness was observed. Tie line 共3兲 not specified.
Variables: Compiled by: determined by the Karl Fischer titration. The methods were Estimated Error:
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz described in Ref. 1. comp. ⬍0.005 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ precision on
Experimental Data
Compositions along the saturation curve References:
1
t/°C
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.9997

0.107 0.875 0.050 0.946

0.196 0.763 0.099 0.892
0.328 0.572 0.195 0.782
0.418 0.424 0.287 0.671
0.479 0.312 0.374 0.562
0.516 0.224 0.455 0.455
0.534 0.157 0.525 0.356
0.528 0.098 0.587 0.251
0.465 0.050 0.604 0.150
0.410 0.023 0.599 0.077
0.320 0.008 0.532 0.031
0.241 0.003 0.443 0.013
0.174 0.001 0.349 0.005
0.065 0.000 0.151 0.000
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
25.0 298.2 0.415 0.433 0.508 0.252 0.282 0.678 0.430 0.491
0.275 0.650 0.532 0.147 0.153 0.831 0.534 0.340
0.168 0.795 0.514 0.074 0.083 0.909 0.608 0.202
0.066 0.919 0.391 0.022 0.030 0.967 0.582 0.076
0.031 0.960 0.292 0.007 0.014 0.985 0.501 0.028
0.011 0.985 0.168 0.001 0.005 0.994 0.339 0.005
1083
1084
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130–2 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 J. Nowakowska, C. B. Kretschmer, and R. Wiebe, J. Chem. Eng.
共2兲 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene 共alpha-diisobutylene兲; C8H16; 共1945兲. 共2兲 1-Octene; C8H16; 关111-66-0兴 Data Ser. 1, 42–5 共1956兲.
关107-39-1兴共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
Variables: Compiled by: T/K⫽273–298 A. Skrzecz
4.14. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Octene

4.13. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene Experimental Data
Experimental Data Compositions along the saturation curve
x1 x2
x1 x2 w1 w2 T/K
T/K t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
0.0 273.2 0.0329 0.0000 0.080 0.000
⫺45.0 228.2 0.6682 0.2471 0.5127 0.4619 0.0515 0.0000 0.122 0.000
0.4515 0.5010 0.2671 0.7219

0.0712 0.0000 0.164 0.000
0.0 273.2 0.6242 0.2309 0.5021 0.4523 0.1164 0.0000 0.252 0.000
0.4355 0.4832 0.2648 0.7158 0.1702 0.0000 0.344 0.000
25.0 298.2 0.5984 0.2213 0.4954 0.4463 0.1967 0.0000 0.385 0.000
0.4258 0.4725 0.2634 0.7120 0.2288 0.0002 0.431 0.001
0.2472 0.0002 0.456 0.001
0.2900 0.0005 0.510 0.002
Water tolerance 共S兲 was described with probable error ⬍0.5% at the range ⫺45–25 °C by the equation: log(S)⫽a⫺b/(T/K). The 0.3610 0.0015 0.588 0.006
parameters 共a, b兲 were determined from plots. Water tolerance was defined as: S⫽H2O % by volume•共100⫺Hydrocarbon % by volume 0.4352 0.0041 0.655 0.015
in the blend兲/100. 0.4720 0.0057 0.684 0.020
0.6121 0.0230 0.755 0.069
vol % 0.6821 0.0504 0.750 0.135
hydrocarbon a b 0.6972 0.0650 0.735 0.167
0.7073 0.1311 0.649 0.293
75 1.400 340.3
0.6514 0.2406 0.509 0.458
50 1.842 355.4
0.5339 0.3958 0.350 0.632
0.3476 0.6144 0.187 0.805
Auxiliary Information 20.0 298.2 0.0329 0.0000 0.080 0.000
0.0515 0.0000 0.122 0.000
0.0712 0.0000 0.164 0.000
immersed in a bath, the temperature of which could be varied. 共2兲 source not specified. 0.1164 0.0000 0.252 0.000
Mixtures were prepared directly in the tube, by special pipettes 共3兲 not specified. 0.1477 0.0000 0.307 0.000
at 15.5 °C. Precautions to exclude moisture and to prevent 0.1508 0.0002 0.312 0.001
evaporation were observed. No correction was made for the Estimated Error: 0.1989 0.0002 0.388 0.001
0.2240 0.0004 0.424 0.002
expressed as the water tolerance of the alcohol–hydrocarbon 0.2841 0.0009 0.502 0.004
blend. For practical purposes water tolerance was defined as 0.3837 0.0036 0.607 0.014
the volume percent of water which can be added before 0.4195 0.0054 0.638 0.020
separation occurs. 0.4701 0.0089 0.676 0.031
0.5395 0.0161 0.717 0.052
0.5606 0.0210 0.723 0.066
0.6038 0.0340 0.729 0.100
0.6560 0.0609 0.717 0.162
0.6726 0.1248 0.637 0.288
0.6202 0.2307 0.500 0.453
0.5205 0.3874 0.347 0.629
0.3332 0.6148 0.180 0.809
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
共2兲 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.05兲
hydrocarbon- water- 共3兲 Water 共hydrogen oxide兲; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
0.0 273.2 0.005 0.995 0.1396 0.0002 0.002 0.998 0.293 0.001
4.15. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
0.012 0.988 0.2334 0.0004 0.005 0.995 0.437 0.002 Critical Evaluation:
0.019 0.981 0.3717 0.0015 0.008 0.992 0.599 0.006 A survey of reported in the literature compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in
equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the system ethanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water is given in Table 37.
0.043 0.957 0.4807 0.0063 0.018 0.982 0.690 0.022
0.068 0.927 0.5884 0.0188 0.029 0.970 0.747 0.058
TABLE 37. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water
0.131 0.857 0.6996 0.0697 0.059 0.939 0.729 0.177
20.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.0566 0.0000 0.000 1.000 0.133 0.000
0.010 0.984 0.1309 0.0000 0.004 0.995 0.278 0.000
0.017 0.977 0.2358 0.0000 0.007 0.992 0.441 0.000 Kretschmer and Wiebe, 1945 228–298 sat. 共12兲 1
0.033 0.955 0.3020 0.0012 0.014 0.984 0.523 0.005 Nowakowska et al., 1956 273–298 sat. 共50兲, eq. 共14兲 2

0.062 0.920 0.4687 0.0083 0.027 0.970 0.676 0.029 Huber et al., 1972 298 eq. 共6兲 3
0.105 0.872 0.5861 0.0263 0.047 0.949 0.731 0.080
a
0.222 0.731 0.6734 0.0932 0.110 0.881 0.679 0.229
Saturation curve
Auxiliary Information The system ethanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Experimental points on the saturation curve were
reported by Kretschmer and Wiebe1 and Nowakowska et al.2 In both references the saturation curves were obtained by the titration
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: method. In Ref. 1 the experimental results at 228, 273, and 298 K were expressed as the water tolerance of the alcohol–hydrocarbon
Points on the binodal curve were obtained by titrating a known 共1兲 source not specified, commercial absolute grade; used as mixture. The binary 2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water system is only partially miscible. The data for this system were compiled and critically
mixture of two components by the third component until received; ␳ (25 °C)⫽785.97 kg m⫺3, water concentration 0.30 evaluated in a previously published SDS volume,4 the binary solubility data were not reported together with ternary data in any of the
turbidity appeared or disappeared. The mixtures were prepared mass % 共water was taken into account in calculations of references. The ‘‘best’’ 共Ref. 4兲 values of mutual solubility at 293 and 298 K are: x 2⬙ ⫽3•10⫺7 , x 2⬘ ⫽0.9995 and x 2⬙ ⫽3.5•10⫺7 , x 2⬘
by volume with calibrated pipettes and the results converted to composition兲.
⫽0.9994, respectively. Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium at 273 and 298 K 共Refs. 2 and 3兲 were included and also used
weight percent. Over most of the composition range alcohol– 共2兲 Philips, pure grade purity ⬎99 mole %; used as received;
for data comparison on saturation curves. All data sets are consistent with one another. The temperature relationship of miscibility gap,
hydrocarbon mixtures were titrated with water. For 25 °C, the ␳ (25 °C)⫽710.78 kg m⫺3.
共Refs. 1 and 2兲 is as expected one. At higher temperatures smaller miscibility gaps are found. The water-rich phase with low concentra-
end point was taken when the the mixture remained 共3兲 distilled.
homogenous at 25.0 °C, but become turbid at 24.8 °C. The tions of ethanol (x 1 ⬍0.20), Ref. 2, was reported to be 2,2,4-trimethylpentane free, presumably due to the analytical methods used. The
titrations at 0 °C were performed in small conical flasks with Estimated Error: maximum ethanol concentration is observed on the saturation curve. At 298.2 K it reaches x 1 ⫽0.71⫾0.01 when x 2 ⫽0.10⫾0.02 mole
magnetic stirrers placed in Dewar vessel. Tie lines were conc. ⬍0.1% 共relative error兲 for ethanol in the region near 100% fraction. All experimental solubility and equilibrium data reported at 298.2 K were used for calculation of the saturation curve. 共Water-
determined through measurements of refractive index at 25 °C of hydrocarbon 共tie lines兲. rich and hydrocarbon-rich branches were treated together.兲 These data were described by the equation:
of both phases in equilibrium and comparison with the values x1⫽1.021 78⫹0.104 50 ln共x2兲⫺1.018 38x 2 .
obtained on binodal curve. For saturated solutions containing References: The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0243. This equation describes
1
more than 40% ethanol the tie lines were obtained by E. R. Washburn, V. Hnizda, and R. Vold, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
the saturation curve for x 2 ⬍0.95 mole fraction. The points on the saturation curve, calculated by the above equation together with the
53, 3237 共1931兲
measuring densities at 25 °C in a similar procedure. The

‘‘best’’ values from Ref. 4 are presented in Table 38 for selected concentration of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in the mixture and in Fig. 19 as
experimental procedures were adapted mainly from Ref. 1.
calculated binodal curve 共solid line兲.
x1 x2 x1 x2
⫺7
0.0000 3.5•10 Ref. 4 0.4563 0.4800
0.2989 0.0010 0.4402 0.5000
0.5303 0.0100 0.4239 0.5200
0.5926 0.0200 0.4075 0.5400
0.6447 0.0400 0.3909 0.5600
0.6667 0.0600 0.3742 0.5800
0.6764 0.0800 0.3574 0.6000
0.6793 0.1000 0.3404 0.6200
0.6780 0.1200 0.3234 0.6400
0.6737 0.1400 0.3062 0.6600
1085
0.6673 0.1600 0.2890 0.6800
0.6593 0.1800 0.2716 0.7000
0.6499 0.2000 0.2542 0.7200
0.6395 0.2200 0.2367 0.7400
1086
0.6282 0.2400 0.2191 0.7600
0.6162 0.2600 0.2015 0.7800 Components: Original Measurements:
0.6036 0.2800 0.1838 0.8000 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130–2
0.5904 0.3000 0.1660 0.8200 共2兲 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴共1945兲.
0.5768 0.3200 0.1481 0.8400
0.5628 0.3400 0.1302 0.8600
0.5484 0.3600 0.1122 0.8800 T/K⫽228– 298 A. Skrzecz
0.5337 0.3800 0.0942 0.9000
0.5187 0.4000 0.0762 0.9200
Experimental Data
0.5034 0.4200 0.0580 0.9400 Compositions along the saturation curve
0.4879 0.4400 0.0535 0.9500
0.4722 0.4600 0.0000 0.9994 Ref. 4 x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
⫺45.0 228.2 0.8028 0.0957 0.7434 0.2198
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system ethanol–2,2,4-trimethylpentane–water were presented in
0.7070 0.2529 0.5238 0.4646
Refs. 2 and 3 and the reported tie lines cover the whole range of the miscibility gap. They were obtained by various analytical methods:
refractive indexes, Ref. 2, or by glc, Ref. 3. The direction of tie lines differ slightly. They may be treated as tentative. Experimental tie 0.4737 0.5085 0.2720 0.7240
lines together with all experimental saturation points at 298.2 K are presented in Fig. 19. 0.2353 0.7578 0.1112 0.8876

0.0 273.2 0.7397 0.0882 0.7212 0.2132
0.6709 0.2400 0.5157 0.4575
0.4612 0.4950 0.2704 0.7196
0.2329 0.7500 0.1110 0.8859
25.0 298.2 0.7032 0.0839 0.7072 0.2091
0.6454 0.2309 0.5097 0.4521
0.4517 0.4848 0.2691 0.7161
0.2310 0.7438 0.1108 0.8845

Water tolerance 共S兲 was described with probable error ⬍0.5% at the range ⫺45–25 °C by the equation: log(S)⫽a⫺b/(T/K). The
parameters 共a,b兲 were determined from plots. Water tolerance was defined as: S⫽H2O % by volume•共100-Hydrocarbon % by volume in
the blend兲/100
vol %
hydrocarbon a b
90 1.383 553.5
75 1.894 554.5
50 2.151 504.4
25 2.001 352.5
FIG. 19. Phase diagram of the system ethanol 共1兲—2,2,4-trimethylpentane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation
curve, 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 2, 䉭—experimental data, Ref. 3, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
Refs. 2 and 3. A glass tube with stirrer containing the ternary mixture was 共1兲 source not specified; anhydrous ethanol.
immersed in a bath, the temperature of which could be varied. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽99.25 °C.
References: Mixtures were prepared directly in the tube, by special pipettes 共3兲 not specified.
1
C. B. Kretschmer and R. Wiebe, Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 1130 共1945兲. at 15.5 °C. Precautions to exclude moisture and to prevent
2
J. Nowakowska, C. B. Kretschmer, and R. Wiebe, J. Chem. Eng. Data Ser. 1, 42 共1956兲. evaporation were observed. No correction was made for the Estimated Error:
3
J. F. K. Huber, C. A. M. Meijers, J. A. R. J. Hulsman, Anal. Chem. 44, 111 共1972兲.
4
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 38, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part II: Hydrocarbons C8 to C36 expressed as the water tolerance of the alcohol–hydrocarbon
共Pergamon, New York, 1989兲. blend. For practical purposes water tolerance was defined as
the volume per cent of water which can be added before
separation occurs.
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 J. Nowakowska, C. B. Kretschmer, and R. Wiebe, J. Chem. Eng. x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
共2兲 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴 Data Ser. 1, 42–5 共1956兲.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 hydrocarbon- water-rich
Variables: Compiled by: t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase phase
0.0 273.2 0.007 0.993 0.2331 0.0002 0.003 0.997 0.437 0.001
0.022 0.978 0.3771 0.0018 0.009 0.991 0.604 0.007
Experimental Data
0.057 0.937 0.5922 0.0152 0.024 0.975 0.756 0.048
x1 x2 0.113 0.881 0.7044 0.0529 0.049 0.950 0.757 0.141
T/K
0.222 0.762 0.7274 0.1544 0.105 0.892 0.629 0.331
0.0 273.2 0.0515 0.0000 0.122 0.000 20.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.0825 0.0000 0.000 1.000 0.187 0.000
0.1164 0.0000 0.252 0.000
0.000 1.000 0.1989 0.0002 0.000 1.000 0.388 0.001
0.1733 0.0000 0.349 0.000
0.1894 0.0000 0.374 0.000 0.007 0.993 0.2310 0.0009 0.003 0.997 0.433 0.004

0.2216 0.0002 0.421 0.001 0.022 0.972 0.3114 0.0012 0.009 0.990 0.534 0.005
0.2472 0.0002 0.456 0.001 0.053 0.941 0.4729 0.0079 0.022 0.977 0.680 0.028
0.2746 0.0005 0.491 0.002
0.095 0.893 0.5865 0.0228 0.041 0.957 0.737 0.071
0.2770 0.0005 0.494 0.002
0.3539 0.0012 0.581 0.005 0.208 0.770 0.6903 0.0830 0.098 0.898 0.701 0.209
0.3654 0.0012 0.593 0.005
0.4218 0.0029 0.645 0.011
0.5320 0.0095 0.724 0.032
0.5361 0.0095 0.727 0.032
0.5697 0.0133 0.744 0.043 Points on the binodal curve were obtained by titrating a known 共1兲 source not specified, commercial absolute grade; used as
0.5764 0.0137 0.748 0.044 mixture of two components by the third component until received; ␳ (25 °C)⫽785.97 kgm⫺3, water concentration 0.30
0.6289 0.0225 0.766 0.068 turbidity appeared or disappeared. The mixtures were prepared mass % 共water was taken into account in calculations of
0.6421 0.0227 0.774 0.068 by volume with calibrated pipettes and the results converted to composition兲.
0.6587 0.0293 0.772 0.085 weight percent. Over most of the composition range alcohol– 共2兲 source not specified, certified knock-rating grade; distilled to
0.7213 0.0642 0.748 0.165 hydrocarbon mixtures were titrated with water. For 25 °C, the remove olefins, filtered by silica gel; ␳ (25 °C)
0.7335 0.1302 0.661 0.291 end point was taken when the the mixture remained ⫽687.74 kg m⫺3.
0.7104 0.1871 0.585 0.382 homogenous at 25.0 °C, but become turbid at 24.8 °C. The 共3兲 distilled.
0.6727 0.2348 0.521 0.451 titrations at 0 °C were performed in small conical flasks with
0.6126 0.3147 0.431 0.549 magnetic stirrers placed in Dewar vessel. The lines were Estimated Error:
0.5030 0.4430 0.310 0.677 determined through measurements of refractive index at 25 °C conc.⬍0.1% 共relative error兲 for ethanol in the region near 100%
0.3543 0.6166 0.187 0.807 of both phases in equilibrium and comparison with the values of hydrocarbon 共tie lines兲.
20.0 298.2 0.0329 0.0000 0.080 0.000 obtained on binodal curve. For saturated solutions containing
0.0712 0.0000 0.164 0.000 more than 40% ethanol the tie lines were obtained by References
1
0.1164 0.0000 0.252 0.000 measuring densities at 25 °C in a similar procedure. The E. R. Washburn, V. Hnizda, and R. Vold, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
0.1556 0.0002 0.320 0.001 experimental procedures were adapted mainly from Ref. 1. 53, 3237 共1931兲.
0.2002 0.0002 0.390 0.001
0.2066 0.0004 0.399 0.002
0.2226 0.0004 0.422 0.002
0.2833 0.0009 0.501 0.004
0.2882 0.0009 0.507 0.004
0.3045 0.0012 0.526 0.005
0.3639 0.0025 0.589 0.010
0.3742 0.0023 0.600 0.009
0.3960 0.0036 0.619 0.014
0.4848 0.0088 0.688 0.031
0.5746 0.0205 0.733 0.065
0.5760 0.0206 0.734 0.065
0.6747 0.0598 0.728 0.160
0.6780 0.0604 0.729 0.161
0.7042 0.1246 0.652 0.286
0.6942 0.1225 0.649 0.284
0.6734 0.1841 0.568 0.385
0.5460 0.3698 0.365 0.613
0.4504 0.4892 0.267 0.719
1087
0.3095 0.6604 0.158 0.836
1088
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 J. F. K. Huber, C. A. M. Meijers, and J. A. R. J. Hulsman, Anal. 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40
共2兲 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴 Chem. 44, 111–6 共1972兲. 共2兲 Octane 共n-octane兲; C8H18 ; 关111-65-9兴 3018-23 共1966兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 40, 1619–22
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共1966兲兴.

Experimental Data
Compositions of coexisting phases 4.16. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Octane
Experimental Data
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
x1 x2
hydrocarbon- water-
T/K
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9937 0.000 0.999

25.0 298.2 0.317 0.658 0.700 0.133 0.162 0.833 0.639 0.301
0.3330 0.6374 0.173 0.821
0.142 0.847 0.671 0.051 0.063 0.935 0.740 0.140

0.4845 0.4687 0.291 0.698
0.126 0.865 0.601 0.021 0.055 0.943 0.750 0.065
0.6099 0.3172 0.428 0.552
0.093 0.900 0.529 0.009 0.040 0.959 0.723 0.030
0.7023 0.2052 0.563 0.408
0.059 0.935 0.416 0.003 0.025 0.974 0.639 0.011
0.7121 0.1830 0.590 0.376
0.037 0.961 0.296 0.002 0.015 0.984 0.514 0.009
0.7449 0.1319 0.665 0.292
0.7382 0.1196 0.677 0.272
0.7339 0.0808 0.729 0.199
Equilibrium was established in a thermostated vessel with a 共1兲 Merck Uvasole, spectroquality grade; used as received. 0.7240 0.0620 0.753 0.160
magnetic stirrer and the composition of each of the phases was 共2兲 Merck Uvasole, spectroquality grade; used as received. 0.6986 0.0452 0.767 0.123
determined analytically by glc. Data were obtained during 共3兲 double distilled. 0.6756 0.0353 0.771 0.100
measurements of partition coefficients for steroids in liquid– 0.5998 0.0173 0.757 0.054
liquid systems. Estimated Error:
0.5169 0.0097 0.712 0.033
temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
0.4945 0.0068 0.700 0.024
0.4521 0.0055 0.667 0.020
0.2697 0.0009 0.484 0.004
0.2191 0.0004 0.417 0.002
0.1792 0.0002 0.358 0.001
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
25 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.472 0.006 0.000 1.000 0.684 0.020

0.067 0.933 0.621 0.021 0.028 0.972 0.764 0.064
0.106 0.888 0.680 0.037 0.046 0.953 0.770 0.105
0.164 0.825 0.739 0.077 0.074 0.924 0.738 0.190
0.351 0.624 0.714 0.186 0.184 0.811 0.588 0.380
0.418 0.546 0.674 0.243 0.234 0.758 0.515 0.460
0.493 0.461 0.622 0.306 0.298 0.691 0.442 0.538
0.553 0.388 0.553 0.388 0.360 0.625 0.360 0.625
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
The titration method, Ref. 1, was used to determine solubility 共1兲 source not specified, ‘‘rectificate grade;’’ distilled; water 共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12; 关108-67-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.05兲
homogenous mixture until cloudiness was first observed. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽125.5 °C, n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.3976.
Density of the saturated mixtures was measured; these results 共3兲 not specified.
were graphed. To obtain equilibrium, ternary mixtures were 4.17. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Mesitylene
separation, the density of each phase was measured and solubility ⫾0.001 mass fraction. Critical Evaluation:
composition was determined from the graphs prepared earlier. A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
Concentration at the critical point was found by method References system ethanol–mesitylene–water is given in Table 39.
E. N. Zilberman, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 26, 1458 共1952兲. TABLE 39. Summary of experimental data for the system ethanol–mesitylene–water
Bonner, 1909 273 sat. 共10兲 1

Letcher et al., 1992 298 sat. 共15兲, eq. 共7兲 2

a
Saturation curve
The ternary system ethanol–mesitylene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Data for the system were reported in two references and
are evaluated on the basis of the original papers. Only one binary system mesitylene–water forms a miscibility gap. This system was
compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.3 The recommended value at 298 K is x 2⬘ ⫽7.4•10⫺6 ; solubility
of water in mesitylene was not reported. The miscibility gap reported by Bonner1 at 273 K is larger than the one at 298 K, which is in
agreement with general expectation. Experimental errors estimated by evaluator are ⫾0.0005 mole fraction for data reported in Ref. 1.
The authors of Ref. 2 estimated their errors at 0.005 mole fraction for the binodal curve and 0.01 mole fraction for tie line compositions.
Mutual solubility data for the misytylene–water system reported at 298.2 K together with the ternary data,2 are x 2⬘ ⫽0.000 and x 2⬙
⫽0.999. They differ significantly from recommended values but are within the accuracy of experimental measurements. Data are
consistent within each data set as well as between sets and are considered tentative. Data reported at 298.2 K by Letcher et al.2 were
described by the equation:
x1⫽0.935 36⫹0.113 49 ln共x2兲⫺0.889 03x 2 ⫺0.049 05x 22 .
The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0082. Selected points on the
saturation curve, calculated by the above equation together with the recommended value of Ref. 3 are presented in Table 40.

x1 x2 x1 x2
⫺6
0.0000 7.4•10 Ref. 3 0.3999 0.5000
0.1505 0.0010 0.3856 0.5200
0.4038 0.0100 0.3710 0.5400
0.4736 0.0200 0.3563 0.5600
0.5344 0.0400 0.3414 0.5800
0.5625 0.0600 0.3263 0.6000
0.5773 0.0800 0.3111 0.6200
0.5846 0.1000 0.2956 0.6400
0.5873 0.1200 0.2801 0.6600
0.5868 0.1400 0.2644 0.6800
0.5839 0.1600 0.2485 0.7000
0.5791 0.1800 0.2325 0.7200
0.5729 0.2000 0.2164 0.7400
0.5656 0.2200 0.2002 0.7600
0.5572 0.2400 0.1839 0.7800
1089
0.5480 0.2600 0.1674 0.8000
0.5381 0.2800 0.1509 0.8200
0.5276 0.3000 0.1342 0.8400
0.5165 0.3200 0.1174 0.8600
1090
0.5050 0.3400 0.1005 0.8800
0.4806 0.3800 0.0665 0.9200 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738–89 共1909–1910兲
0.4679 0.4000 0.0493 0.9400 共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12 ; 关108-67-8兴
0.4549 0.4200 0.0321 0.9600
0.4415 0.4400 0.0147 0.9800
0.4279 0.4600 0.0060 0.9900 T/K⫽273 A. Skrzecz
0.4140 0.4800 0.0000 0.9990 Ref. 2
Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
Equilibrium data for the ternary system ethanol–mesitylene–water were reported at 298.2 K only by Letcher et al.2 They are consistent
within the series. The plait point calculated by the authors 共Ref. 2兲 was x 1 ⫽0.50, x 2 ⫽0.35, while the maximum concentration of ethanol T/K
on binodal curve was x 1 ⫽0.60. The plait point reported by Bonner at 273.2 K.1 was x 1 ⫽0.517, x 2 ⫽0.400. The experimental data for
phase equilibria are treated as tentative and are presented together with experimental points on saturation curve in Fig. 20.
0.0 273.2 0.5170 0.4004 0.3243 0.6554 plait point
0.5267 0.3767 0.3404 0.6352
0.6289 0.2236 0.4952 0.4594
0.6657 0.1448 0.5956 0.3381

0.6632 0.0879 0.6700 0.2317
0.6425 0.0595 0.7028 0.1697
0.5797 0.0238 0.7275 0.0779
0.5396 0.0165 0.7135 0.0570
0.5007 0.0091 0.6992 0.0331
0.3977 0.0048 0.6176 0.0195

FIG. 20. Phase diagram of the system ethanol-mesitylene-water at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve, 䊊—experimental
data, Ref. 2.
References:
1
2
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib, 74, 203 共1992兲.
3
Components: Original measurements:
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12; 关108-67-8兴 17. 共1992兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.78524, n
Variables: Compiled by: masses of the other two components. Precision weighing 共2兲 BDH; used as received; purity better than 99.6 mole % by
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc.
Experimental Data Fischer titrations reported in Ref. 3. Estimated Error:
Compositions along the saturation curve estimated comp. 0.005 mode fraction on the binodal curve and
0.01 mole fraction for tie lines 共estimated by the authors兲.
w1 w2
T/K References:
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 1
T. M. Letcher, S. Wooten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heward, J.
2
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
0.322 0.004 0.540 0.018 共1943兲.
3
0.367 0.007 0.582 0.029

0.416 0.012 0.620 0.047
0.452 0.019 0.638 0.070
0.554 0.053 0.655 0.163
0.599 0.101 0.611 0.269
0.596 0.152 0.546 0.363
0.569 0.218 0.466 0.466
0.522 0.300 0.380 0.570
0.457 0.409 0.290 0.677
0.359 0.553 0.196 0.786
0.215 0.743 0.099 0.893
0.119 0.858 0.050 0.946
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.050 0.940 0.282 0.000 0.020 0.978 0.501 0.000
0.073 0.914 0.356 0.006 0.030 0.968 0.573 0.025
0.101 0.879 0.440 0.017 0.042 0.955 0.632 0.064
0.151 0.820 0.513 0.035 0.066 0.929 0.657 0.117
0.245 0.705 0.580 0.070 0.116 0.874 0.645 0.203
0.410 0.480 0.581 0.193 0.240 0.734 0.495 0.429
1091
1092
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 Nonane 共n-nonane兲; C9H2O; 关111-84-2兴 3018–23 共1966兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 40, 1619–20 The titration method, Ref. 1, was used to determine solubility 共1兲 source not specified, ‘‘rectificate grade;’’ distilled; water
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共1966兲兴. of the mixtures. The third component was added to the binary concentration was determined by the Karl Fischer method.
homogenous mixture until cloudiness was first observed. 共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽150.6 °C, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.4030.
Variables: Compiled by: Density of the saturated mixtures was measured; these results 共3兲 not specified.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz were graphed. To obtain equilibrium, ternary mixtures were
4.18. Ethanoll ⴙ Water ⴙ Nonane composition was determined from the graphs prepared earlier.
Experimental Data Concentration at the critical point was found by method References
E. N. Zilberman, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 26, 1458 共1952兲.
x1 x2
T/K
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9929 0.000 0.999

0.2218 0.7661 0.094 0.904

0.2949 0.6881 0.133 0.864
0.3677 0.6111 0.177 0.819
0.4714 0.4952 0.253 0.740
0.5307 0.4335 0.303 0.689
0.5802 0.3777 0.352 0.638
0.6201 0.3282 0.399 0.588
0.6941 0.2483 0.493 0.491
0.7504 0.1640 0.605 0.368
0.7726 0.1262 0.664 0.302
0.7699 0.0679 0.753 0.185
0.7587 0.0516 0.777 0.147
0.7354 0.0370 0.793 0.111
0.7090 0.0274 0.798 0.086
0.6533 0.0164 0.789 0.055
0.6505 0.0160 0.788 0.054
0.5122 0.0044 0.718 0.017
0.4110 0.0016 0.637 0.007
0.3409 0.0006 0.568 0.003
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
25 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.593 0.010 0.000 1.000 0.764 0.036

0.064 0.936 0.681 0.021 0.024 0.976 0.796 0.068
0.122 0.871 0.752 0.045 0.048 0.951 0.786 0.131
0.265 0.723 0.775 0.114 0.116 0.882 0.682 0.280
0.300 0.683 0.768 0.135 0.136 0.861 0.650 0.318
0.377 0.597 0.745 0.177 0.184 0.811 0.588 0.388
0.505 0.462 0.672 0.268 0.280 0.713 0.466 0.518
0.521 0.442 0.665 0.279 0.295 0.697 0.454 0.531
0.588 0.370 0.588 0.370 0.360 0.630 0.360 0.630
共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 W. D. Bonner, J. Phys. Chem. 14, 738–89 共1909–1910兲. 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 F. Ruiz, V. Gomis, and R. F. Botella, Fluid Phase Equilib. 43,
共2兲 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo关3.1.1兴hept-2-ene 共alpha-pinene, 共2兲 Decahydronaphthalene (cis⫹trans) 共decalin, 317–27 共1988兲.
pinene兲; C10H16; 关80-56-8兴 bicyclo关4.4.0兴decane兲; C10H18; 关91-17-8兴

4.19. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo †3.1.1‡ hept-2-ene 4.20. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Decahydronaphthalene „cisⴙtrans…
x1 x2 w1 w2 x1 x2
T/K T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
0.0 273.2 0.4265 0.5328 0.2114 0.7808 25.0 298.2 0.7214 0.2448 0.491 0.500

0.5586 0.3958 0.3197 0.6701 plait point 0.7826 0.1673 0.600 0.385
0.6851 0.2187 0.5002 0.4723 0.7981 0.1224 0.667 0.307
0.7378 0.1403 0.6146 0.3457 0.7990 0.0878 0.722 0.238
0.7409 0.0878 0.6940 0.2433 0.7546 0.0481 0.773 0.148
0.7219 0.0617 0.7300 0.1844 0.7076 0.0313 0.783 0.104
0.7065 0.0494 0.7452 0.1542 0.5758 0.0100 0.750 0.039
0.6818 0.0363 0.7582 0.1192 0.5181 0.0058 0.718 0.024
0.6497 0.0276 0.7576 0.0952
0.6144 0.0200 0.7524 0.0726 Compositions of coexisting phases
0.5682 0.0133 0.7368 0.0511
0.4981 0.0068 0.6998 0.0282 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙
0.3980 0.0029 0.6211 0.0133
hydrocarbon- water-
Auxiliary Information t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 25.0 298.2 0.0009 0.9938 0.04244 0.0 0.0003 0.999 0.1018 0.0a兲
In a tube 1 cm diameter and 12 cm long known amount, by 共1兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled. 0.0051 0.9926 0.082032 0.000012 0.0017 0.998 0.186 0.00008
weight, of hydrocarbon and water were placed into a 共2兲 Kahlbaum; presumably dried and distilled. 0.0072 0.9928 0.121932 0.000034 0.0024 0.998 0.262 0.00022
0.0104 0.9896 0.162777 0.000046 0.0035 0.997 0.332 0.00028
solution was obtained. Observations were made visually Estimated Error: 0.0122 0.9878 0.204236 0.000125 0.0041 0.996 0.396 0.00073
through the telescope of a cathetometer. The samples were accuracy of weighing 0.0001 g. 0.0136 0.9833 0.24807 0.00027 0.0046 0.995 0.457 0.0015
always weighed immediately before and after each experiment. 0.0172 0.9813 0.29623 0.00059 0.0058 0.994 0.517 0.0031
Concentrations were reported as weight of water in 1 g of 0.0181 0.9819 0.33748 0.00110 0.0061 0.994 0.563 0.0055
0.0187 0.9813 0.38728 0.00187 0.0063 0.994 0.613 0.0089
binary water–hydrocarbon mixture was about 1 g; the mass of 0.0195 0.9775 0.43963 0.00320 0.0066 0.993 0.659 0.0144
alcohol—up to 5 g. 0.0227 0.9750 0.48531 0.00487 0.0077 0.992 0.694 0.0209
0.0262 0.9730 0.53337 0.00760 0.0089 0.991 0.725 0.0310
0.0323 0.9677 0.59358 0.01172 0.0110 0.989 0.758 0.0449
0.0366 0.9634 0.63462 0.01666 0.0125 0.988 0.773 0.0609
a
No detectable composition of decalin.
1093
1094
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Ethanol 共ethyl alcohol兲; C2H6O; 关64-17-5兴 L. V. Sadovnikova and M. V. Alexandrova, Sb. Nauch. Tr.,
The cloud point method was used to determine the solubility 共1兲 Merck; used as received; ⬍0.2 wt % impurities by glc. 共2兲 Decane 共n-decane兲; C10H22; 关124-18-5兴 Vladimir. Vech. Politekh. Inst. 12, 137–9 共1971兲.
curve. The experimental apparatus was described in Ref. 1. 共2兲 Merck; used as received; mixture of cis- and trans-isomers. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
The analytical method was used to determine liquid–liquid 共3兲 not reported.
equilibria. Mixtures of known overall composition, by weight, Variables: Compiled by:
were stirred intensely and allowed to settle for 2 h at constant Estimated Error: T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz
temperature bath. Samples of each phase were taken and temp. ⫾0.1 °C; relative accuracy of composition 2% 共solubility
analyzed by glc method with 1-propanol as internal standard. curve兲.
共1-Propanol also prevented phase separation.兲 Analytical
4.21. Ethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Decane
conditions: column 2 m⫻3 mm, packed with Chromosorb 101 References: Experimental Data
100/120, temp. 190 °C, thermal conductivity detector for the 1
F. Ruiz and D. Prats, Fluid Phase Equilib. 10, 77 共1983兲.
organic phase, flame ionization detector for aqueous phase,
helium flow rate ⫺40mL/min. Water was reported to be
x1 x2
undetectable in the organic phase.
T/K
20 293.2 0.0174 0.9811 0.0057 0.9941

0.8781 0.1219 0.7000 0.3000

0.8906 0.0884 0.7600 0.2330
0.8902 0.0697 0.7940 0.1920
0.8521 0.0350 0.8485 0.1075
0.8135 0.0254 0.8520 0.0820
0.7447 0.0133 0.8460 0.0465
0.6472 0.0048 0.8110 0.0185
0.4520 0.0005 0.6770 0.0023
0.3501 0.00026 0.5787 0.0013
0.2206 0.000034 0.4198 0.0002
0.10189 0.000022 0.22485 0.00015
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x 2⬙ w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
20 293.2 0.0040 0.9952 0.5703 0.4287 0.00130 0.99860 0.30100 0.69881

0.0089 0.9899 0.7348 0.2479 0.00290 0.99695 0.48750 0.50800
0.0174 0.9811 0.8502 0.1399 0.00570 0.99410 0.66100 0.33600
0.0299 0.9693 0.9033 0.0804 0.00990 0.99000 0.78000 0.21450
0.0347 0.9653 0.8781 0.1219 0.0115 0.9885 0.6800 0.3200

The titration method was used to obtain compositions along 共1兲 source not specified; distilled on 20 TP column;
the saturation curve and the analytical method—for n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.3627.
compositions of coexisting phases. 共2兲 source not specified; distilled on 20 TP column;
n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.4119.
共3兲 distilled.
Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
5. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water TABLE 42. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 293.2 K
x1 x2 x1 x2
0.0000 0.000 406 Ref. 7 0.3571 0.5000
共1兲 1-Proponal 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.02兲 0.0490 0.0010 0.3453 0.5200
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 0.1612 0.0100 0.3331 0.5400
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.2190 0.0200 0.3204 0.5600
0.2898 0.0400 0.3074 0.5800
0.3353 0.0600 0.2939 0.6000
5.1. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene 0.3676 0.0800 0.2802 0.6200
Critical Evaluation: .03916 0.1000 0.2661 0.6400
system 1-propanol–benzene–water is given in Table 41. 0.4231 0.1400 0.2370 0.6800
0.4329 0.1600 0.2221 0.7000
TABLE 41. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–benzene–water 0.4399 0.1800 0.2070 0.7200
0.4444 0.2000 0.1916 0.7400
0.4475 0.2400 0.1604 0.7800

Holmes, 1918 288 sat. 共1兲 1
0.4466 0.2600 0.1446 0.8000
0.4443 0.2800 0.1286 0.8200
Denzler, 1945 293 sat. 共17兲, eq. 共12兲 3
0.4407 0.3000 0.1127 0.8400
McCants et al., 1953 311 sat. 共11兲, eq. 共6兲 4
0.4360 0.3200 0.0967 0.8600
Udovenko and Mazanko, 1963 288–352 sat. 共87兲, eq. 共38兲 5
0.4303 0.3400 0.0807 0.8800
0.4237 0.3600 0.0648 0.9000
a 0.4162 0.3800 0.0492 0.9200
0.4080 0.4000 0.0339 0.9400
0.3990 0.4200 0.0193 0.9600
0.3792 0.4600 0.0000 0.9975 Ref. 7
The ternary system 1-propanol–benzene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. The miscibility gap was observed to increase with
0.3684 0.4800
decreasing temperature. Only one binary system, benzene–water, forms a miscibility gap. These binary data were compiled and critically
evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.7 This critical evaluation is based on the original papers with the exception of data of
Leikola,2 which were taken from the handbook of Kafarov;8 this data set was also taken into account during evaluation but is not reported
Phase in equilibrium
as a compilation sheet because it does not contribute further to knowledge of the system. Data of Letcher et al.6 were presented in the The phases in equilibrium were measured at constant temperatures: 293 K 共Ref. 3兲, 298 K 共Ref. 6兲, 303 K 共Ref. 5兲, 311 K 共Ref. 4兲, 318
original paper only in graphical form and therefore are not reported as a compilation. Data of Udovenko and Mazanko5 were reported at K and 333 K 共Ref. 5兲. The tie lines cover the whole area of miscibility gap, all together 61 tie lines were reported. They are consistent
saturation temperatures of mixtures containing a constant ratio of two components. A large number of experimental points 共87兲 was within each data set, within each region as well as between regions. Letcher and Siswana on the basis previous experiments, Ref. 6,
reported over the temperature range 288–352 K, but were not used for constant temperature data comparisons. In Ref. 3 one point in the calculated the plait point in Ref. 11. Characteristic points on binodal curve, plait point and maximum 1-propanol concentration, reported
organic-rich phase at 293 K, x 1 ⫽0.4439, is rejected since it has an unrealistically high amount of 1-propanol. The comparison of or estimated, are presented at selected temperatures in Table 43. At maximum 1-propanol concentration the errors estimated by the
recommended binary data 共Ref. 7兲 was possible only with experimental data of McCants et al.4 at 310.9 K. The mutual solubility of the evaluator are 0.005 and 0.02 mole fraction of 1-propanol and benzene, respectively.
binary benzene–water system in Ref. 4 was reported to be x 2⬘ ⫽0.9871 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.0012, while the recommended values interpolated at this
TABLE 43. Characteristic points on the binodal curve of the system 1-propanol–benzene–water
temperature by the evaluator on the basis of Ref. 7 are x 2⬘ ⫽0.9954 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 44. Other references did not report information about
the binary system. Equilibrium data, reported in Refs. 3, 4, and 5, were included in the evaluation of saturation the curve. All data are
Max. C3H7OH concentration Plait points Ref.
consistent within each data set as well as with one another. All are treated as tentative. Temperature of 293.2 K was selected and data of
Leikola2 and Denzler3 were fitted to the equation: T/K x1 x2 Ref. x1 x2 Ref.
x1⫽a1•z1•ln共z1兲⫹a2•z2 ln共z2兲⫹a3•z1•z2 .
288.2 0.438 0.198 3 0.173 0.014 3
where: z 1 ⫽(x 2 ⫹0.5•x 1 ⫺x ⬙20)/(x 20
⬘ ⫺x ⬙20), z 2 ⫽(x ⬘20⫺x 2 ⫺0.5•x 1 )/(x 20
⬘ ⫺x ⬙20), x 1 ,x 2 -mole fractions of component 共1兲 and 共2兲 respec- 293.2 0.458 0.220 3 — —
⬘ , x 20
tively, x 20 ⬙ -values of x 2 on the saturation curve which cuts the x 1 ⫽0 axis. 298.2 0.43 0.20 6 0.18 0.01 11
The equation was proposed by Hlavaty9 and also used with success by Letcher et al.10 for the description of saturation curves of the 303.2 0.3917 0.101 5 0.172 0.014 5
ternary alcohol–ether–water systems. This equation gives better results 共smaller standard deviation兲 for this system than any other tested 310.9 0.396 0.151 4 — —
equations. The parameters obtained by the least squares method for the whole range of saturation curve are: a 1 ⫽⫺0.018 96, a 2 318.2 0.412 0.272 5 0.162 0.015 5
⫽0.462 78, a 3 ⫽2.394 28. The standard error of estimate was 0.0094. For selected concentrations of benzene in the mixture, the 333.2 0.390 0.182 5 0.158 0.017 5
saturation curve was calculated and the results are presented in Table 42 and in Fig. 21 as a solid line.
1095
The plait point changes very slightly with temperature. The concentration of 1-propanol at the plait point increases very slowly with
1096
decreasing temperature 关from x 1 ⫽0.158 at 333 K 共Ref. 5兲 to x 1 ⫽0.173 at 293 K 共Ref. 3兲兴; while the concentration of benzene is nearly
independent of temperature 共it varied from 0.017 to 0.014兲. The experimental tie lines at 293.2 K, Ref. 3, are presented in Fig. 21 together Components: Original Measurements:
with the saturation curve as an example of the system property.
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; C. G. Denzler, J. Phys. Chem. 49, 358–65 共1945兲.
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
20.0 293.2 0.0671 0.0009 0.193 0.0035

0.1103 0.0047 0.289 0.016
0.1689 0.0140 0.391 0.042

0.2622 0.0338 0.507 0.085
0.3297 0.0550 0.563 0.122
0.3605 0.0726 0.577 0.151
0.3979 0.0960 0.590 0.185
0.4447 0.1477 0.586 0.253
FIG. 21. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲—benzene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. 䊊—experimental results of Ref. 2, 0.4507 0.1644 0.578 0.274
䊐—experimental results of Ref. 3, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 3. 0.4562 0.1882 0.565 0.303
0.4234 0.3222 0.461 0.456
References: 0.4221 0.3406 0.451 0.473
1
J. Holmes, J. Chem. Soc. 113, 263 共1918兲. 0.4034 0.3760 0.421 0.510
2
E. Leikola, Suom. Kemistil. B 13, 13 共1940兲. 0.3606 0.4809 0.349 0.605
3
C. G. Denzler, J. Phys. Chem. 49, 358 共1945兲. 0.3203 0.5507 0.298 0.666
4
J. F. McCants, J. H. Jones, and W. H. Hopson, Ind. Eng. Chem. 45, 454 共1953兲. 0.2531 0.6632 0.222 0.756
5
V. V. Udovenko and T. F. Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 1151 共1963兲. 0.1889 0.7633 0.158 0.830
6
7
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, Compositions of coexisting phases
New York, 1989兲.
8
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rasivormosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
SSSR, Moskya, 1963兲.
9
K. Hlavaty, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 37, 4005 共1972兲. hydrocarbon- water-
10
T. M. Letcher, S. Ravindran, and S. E. Radloff, Fluid Phase Equilib, 69, 251 共1991兲. T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-
11
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203 共1992兲. t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
20.0 293.2 0.1732 0.0141 0.1732 0.0141 0.398 0.042 0.398 0.042b
0.3109 0.0478 0.1068 0.0056 0.550 0.110 0.281 0.019a
0.3646 0.0757 0.0937 0.0048 0.578 0.156 0.253 0.017
0.3961 0.0988 0.0859 0.0039 0.586 0.190 0.236 0.014
0.4148 0.1176 0.0754 0.0033 0.586 0.216 0.212 0.012a
0.4360 0.1441 0.0704 0.0030 0.582 0.250 0.200 0.011a
0.4472 0.1675 0.0671 0.0027 0.573 0.279 0.192 0.010
0.4579 0.2198 0.0634 0.0024 0.545 0.340 0.183 0.009a
0.4479 0.2806 0.0626 0.0021 0.501 0.408 0.181 0.008
0.4439 0.3482 0.0590 0.0018 0.463 0.472 0.172 0.007
0.4216 0.3720 0.0570 0.0016 0.436 0.500 0.167 0.006a
0.3981 0.4217 0.0554 0.0010 0.398 0.548 0.163 0.004
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol, 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; J. F. McCants, J. H. Jones, and W. H. Hopson, Ind. Eng. Chem.
The titration method was used to determine the binodal curve. 共1兲 source not specified, chemically pure grade; dried over C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 45, 454–6 共1953兲.
Binary mixtures of known mass and composition, by weight, CaCl2, distilled three times; n(20 °C)⫽1.3860. 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴
were placed in a thermostat and were titrated with the third 共2兲 source not specified, chemically pure grade; used as received; 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
component, added from a burette, until the second liquid phase n(20 °C)⫽1.5010.
was observed. The mass of the titrant was determined 共3兲 not specified; n(20 °C)⫽1.3330. Variables: Compiled by:
gravimetrically. Refractive indexes were measured at 25 °C, to T/K⫽311 A. Skrzecz
be sure that samples are clear, and plotted for each component Estimated error:
of the system. To determine tie-line, the two-phase mixtures of temp. ⫾0.1 °C
known total composition were placed into a thermostat bath Experimental Data
and when equilibrium was reached, the refractive index of the Compositions along the saturation curve
top layer was measured. The compositions were read from
prepared previously plots. The composition of the other phase x1 x2
in equilibrium was calculated from the mass balance. From T/K
several tie lines determined experimentally, Bachman charts t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
were constructed and more lines were added by interpolation
共a兲. The plait point was determined by extrapolation of the 100 310.9 0.0000 0.9871 0.000 0.997
lines on Bachman chart to intersect with the equilibrium curve 0.2811 0.5886 0.259 0.705
共b兲.

0.3261 0.4570 0.331 0.603
0.3917 0.3284 0.434 0.473
0.3964 0.1514 0.544 0.270
0.3673 0.1025 0.557 0.202
0.2786 0.0471 0.514 0.113
0.2246 0.0312 0.460 0.083
0.1712 0.0192 0.390 0.057
0.0870 0.0048 0.238 0.017
0.0000 0.0012 0.000 0.005
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
T/K rich phase rich-phase hydrocarbon- water-
100 310.9 0.0496 0.9377 0.0188 0.0007 0.039 0.958 0.060 0.003
0.1119 0.8512 0.0252 0.0015 0.091 0.900 0.079 0.006a兲
0.1786 0.7658 0.0338 0.0018 0.150 0.836 0.104 0.007a兲

0.3278 0.4888 0.0469 0.0026 0.322 0.624 0.140 0.010a兲
0.3854 0.3458 0.0564 0.0026 0.421 0.491 0.165 0.010b兲
0.0990 0.8680 0.0290 0.0017 0.080 0.912 0.090 0.007b兲
1097
1098
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; V. V. Udovenko and T. F Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 1151–3
The titration method was used to obtain binodal curve. The 共1兲 Du Pont, refined; used as received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3855, C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴共1963兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 37, 610–2 共1963兲兴.
samples of homogenous binary mixture were placed in a d(75 °F,60 °F)⫽0.800. 共2兲 Benzene: C6H6; 关71-43-2兴
constant temperature bath and titrated the third component to 共2兲 Baker, thiophene free; used as received; n(20 °C,D) 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关1732-18-5兴
the cloud point. Each sample was agitated in the constant ⫽1.5004, d(75 °F,60 °F)⫽0.873.
temperature bath for several minutes between drops of the 共3兲 distilled; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3330. Variables: Compiled by:
third component. The temperatures of these systems were T/K⫽288– 352 A. Skrzecz
raised slightly 共1 °F兲 to obtain homogeneity and their Estimated Error:
refractive indexes were measured. The analytical method was refractive index ⫾0.0001; concentration ⫾0.001 mass %
used for tie lines. 共a兲 A ternary mixture of known composition 共estimated by compiler兲. Experimental Data
was shaken for several hours in constant temperature bath and Compositions along the saturation curve
after both phases were carefully separated and their refractive References:
indexes were determined. The intersections of the tie lines 1
D. F. Othmer and P. E. Tobias, Ind. Eng. Chem. 34, 690 共1942兲. x1 x2 w1 w2
with the binodal curve were determined by refractive index T/K
interpolations between points of known composition used to t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
determine the curve. 共b兲 The slopes of the tie lines were
checked by determining tie lines by the graphical application 16.75 289.90 0.1237 0.8519 0.0999 0.8942
of the lever rule as described in Ref. 1. 27.62 300.77 0.1232 0.8484 0.0998 0.8933
39.45 312.60 0.1227 0.8452 0.0997 0.8925

51.50 324.65 0.1222 0.8418 0.0996 0.8916
60.62 333.77 0.1217 0.8379 0.0995 0.8906
70.57 343.72 0.1213 0.8359 0.0994 0.8901
21.00 294.15 0.2287 0.7059 0.1962 0.7870
25.75 298.90 0.2280 0.7033 0.1961 0.7862
26.42 299.57 0.2273 0.7014 0.1959 0.7857
41.63 314.78 0.2258 0.6964 0.1956 0.7842
47.50 320.65 0.2250 0.6940 0.1954 0.7835
59.50 332.65 0.2231 0.6883 0.1950 0.7818
68.01 341.16 0.2211 0.6822 0.1945 0.7800
16.22 289.37 0.3098 0.5683 0.2855 0.6808
25.60 298.75 0.3078 0.5647 0.2850 0.6796
33.73 306.88 0.3061 0.5615 0.2846 0.6785
47.77 320.92 0.3028 0.5555 0.2837 0.6765
57.60 330.75 0.3003 0.5507 0.2831 0.6748
69.73 342.88 0.2968 0.5445 0.2821 0.6727
17.25 290.40 0.3797 0.4261 0.3829 0.5584
27.50 300.65 0.3759 0.4218 0.3817 0.5567
38.27 311.42 0.3713 0.4166 0.3803 0.5546
44.75 317.90 0.3684 0.4133 0.3794 0.5532
54.60 327.75 0.3640 0.4083 0.3780 0.5511
58.59 331.74 0.3622 0.4063 0.3774 0.5503
63.25 336.40 0.3606 0.4045 0.3769 0.5495
73.40 346.55 0.3570 0.4005 0.3757 0.5478
18.11 291.26 0.4191 0.3140 0.4619 0.4499
33.50 306.65 0.4100 0.3072 0.4586 0.4466
40.49 313.64 0.4058 0.3040 0.4570 0.4450
54.02 327.17 0.3958 0.2965 0.4531 0.4413
60.50 333.65 0.3902 0.2923 0.4509 0.4391
67.53 340.68 0.3831 0.2871 0.4480 0.4364
14.70 287.85 0.4362 0.2523 0.5087 0.3824
26.67 299.82 0.4287 0.2480 0.5056 0.3801
33.65 306.80 0.4227 0.2444 0.5031 0.3781
46.98 320.13 0.4118 0.2381 0.4984 0.3746
54.87 328.02 0.4040 0.2336 0.4949 0.3720
64.12 337.27 0.3948 0.2284 0.4907 0.3689
78.60 351.75 0.3782 0.2187 0.4828 0.3629
19.12 292.27 0.4364 0.1828 0.5537 0.3015
23.38 296.53 0.4325 0.1811 0.5518 0.3004 Compositions of coexisting phases
30.27 303.42 0.4255 0.1782 0.5484 0.2985
45.63 318.78 0.4104 0.1718 0.5407 0.2943 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
55.58 328.73 0.2962 0.1241 0.4692 0.2555
hydrocarbon- water- hydrocarbon- water-
63.95 337.10 0.3889 0.1629 0.5291 0.2881 T/K rich phase rich phase rich phase rich phase
76.25 349.40 0.3746 0.1569 0.5210 0.2837 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
18.90 292.05 0.4134 0.1150 0.5870 0.2122
32.78 305.93 0.3958 0.1101 0.5761 0.2083 30 303.2 0.0168 0.9789 0.0108 0.0002 0.0130 0.9860 0.0350 0.0010
46.35 319.50 0.3784 0.1052 0.5648 0.2041 0.0447 0.9467 0.0214 0.0004 0.0350 0.9630 0.0680 0.0015
53.83 326.98 0.3665 0.1019 0.5567 0.2012 0.1181 0.8611 0.0330 0.0005 0.0950 0.9000 0.1020 0.0020
61.87 335.02 0.3548 0.0986 0.5485 0.1982 0.2119 0.7292 0.0372 0.0008 0.1800 0.8050 0.1140 0.0030
71.60 344.75 0.3357 0.0934 0.5344 0.1932 0.3217 0.5366 0.0412 0.0009 0.3030 0.6570 0.1250 0.0035
20.00 293.15 0.3571 0.0696 0.5765 0.1461 0.3754 0.3999 0.0448 0.0010 0.3900 0.5400 0.1350 0.0040
37.75 310.90 0.3316 0.0647 0.5558 0.1409 0.4143 0.2916 0.0475 0.0012 0.4700 0.4300 0.1420 0.0045
50.49 323.64 0.3083 0.0601 0.5355 0.1357 0.4279 0.1814 0.0539 0.0013 0.5480 0.3020 0.1590 0.0050
63.00 336.15 0.2822 0.0550 0.5108 0.1295 0.3917 0.1013 0.0625 0.0019 0.5800 0.1950 0.1810 0.0070
69.09 342.24 0.2662 0.0519 0.4947 0.1254 0.3576 0.0718 0.0744 0.0025 0.5750 0.1500 0.2100 0.0090

28.38 301.53 0.0724 0.0019 0.2055 0.0070 0.3337 0.0593 0.0753 0.0027 0.5630 0.1300 0.2120 0.0100
41.88 315.03 0.0724 0.0025 0.2050 0.0092 0.2979 0.0433 0.0953 0.0043 0.5400 0.1020 0.2570 0.0150
48.35 321.50 0.0723 0.0030 0.2046 0.0109 0.1721 0.0144 0.1721 0.0144 0.3960 0.0430 0.3960 0.0430a
65.52 338.67 0.0723 0.0038 0.2040 0.0141 45 318.2 0.0090 0.9866 0.0083 0.0005 0.0070 0.9920 0.0270 0.0020
73.32 346.47 0.0722 0.0046 0.2034 0.0170 0.0269 0.9645 0.0205 0.0007 0.0210 0.9770 0.0650 0.0030
20.25 293.40 0.1131 0.0051 0.2945 0.0174 0.1353 0.8241 0.0296 0.0010 0.1110 0.8790 0.0920 0.0040
33.23 306.38 0.1130 0.0062 0.2935 0.0208 0.2226 0.7039 0.0334 0.0012 0.1920 0.7890 0.1030 0.0050
41.00 314.15 0.1129 0.0070 0.2927 0.0235 0.3169 0.5382 0.0370 0.0015 0.2990 0.6600 0.1130 0.0060
56.45 329.60 0.1127 0.0086 0.2911 0.0288 0.3675 0.4073 0.0413 0.0018 0.3810 0.5490 0.1250 0.0070
67.95 341.10 0.1125 0.0102 0.2895 0.0340 0.4122 0.2721 0.0435 0.0020 0.4790 0.4110 0.1310 0.0080
21.08 294.23 0.1668 0.0121 0.3891 0.0367 0.4090 0.1602 0.0510 0.0023 0.5480 0.2790 0.1510 0.0090
32.35 305.50 0.1666 0.0135 0.3875 0.0407 0.3576 0.0839 0.0619 0.0029 0.5640 0.1720 0.1790 0.0110
46.12 319.27 0.1662 0.0154 0.3851 0.0465 0.3070 0.0538 0.0786 0.0041 0.5400 0.1230 0.2190 0.0150
53.61 326.76 0.1660 0.0164 0.3839 0.0494 0.2434 0.0317 0.1118 0.0074 0.4850 0.0820 0.2900 0.0250
65.40 338.55 0.1656 0.0193 0.3806 0.0577 0.1623 0.0148 0.1623 0.0148 0.3790 0.0450 0.3790 0.0450a
73.81 346.96 0.1653 0.0210 0.3786 0.0626 60 333.2 0.0253 0.9453 0.0092 0.0002 0.0200 0.9730 0.0300 0.0010
18.12 291.27 0.2217 0.0217 0.4651 0.0592 0.0562 0.9104 0.0140 0.0005 0.0450 0.9470 0.0450 0.0020
23.50 296.65 0.2216 0.0225 0.4641 0.0612 0.1462 0.7864 0.0238 0.0010 0.1230 0.8600 0.0750 0.0040
35.48 308.63 0.2212 0.0245 0.4616 0.0664 0.2370 0.6684 0.0285 0.0010 0.2090 0.7660 0.0890 0.0040
50.71 323.86 0.2204 0.0277 0.4574 0.0748 0.3075 0.5379 0.0324 0.0012 0.2920 0.6640 0.1000 0.0050
62.30 335.45 0.2197 0.0310 0.4533 0.0832 0.3612 0.3928 0.0388 0.0020 0.3820 0.5400 0.1180 0.0080
70.15 343.30 0.2190 0.0339 0.4497 0.0904 0.3859 0.3070 0.0436 0.0023 0.4400 0.4550 0.1310 0.0090
18.45 291.60 0.2993 0.0390 0.5458 0.0924 0.3902 0.1818 0.0514 0.0026 0.5170 0.3130 0.1520 0.0100
28.80 301.95 0.2984 0.0419 0.5419 0.0989 0.3582 0.1019 0.0653 0.0035 0.5490 0.2030 0.1870 0.0130
37.67 310.82 0.2975 0.0447 0.5381 0.1052 0.3394 0.0842 0.0707 0.0041 0.5460 0.1760 0.2000 0.0150
48.20 321.35 0.2963 0.0487 0.5330 0.1138 0.2998 0.0581 0.0780 0.0050 0.5280 0.1330 0.2170 0.0180
61.25 334.40 0.2943 0.0549 0.5249 0.1272 0.2315 0.0327 0.1035 0.0082 0.4680 0.0860 0.2720 0.0280
69.28 342.43 0.2927 0.0603 0.5180 0.1387 0.1581 0.0168 0.1581 0.0168 0.3700 0.0510 0.3700 0.0510a
a
1099
1100
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz 共Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Solubility was measured by Alekseev’s method.1 Nine 共1兲 source not specified; purified; b.p.⫽96.5 °C at 750 Torr, C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.04兲
solubility–temperature curves of constant alcohol–benzene d(30 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.7956, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.3837. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴
ratio and another five curves of constant alcohol–water ratio 共2兲 source not specified; purified; b.p.⫽79.0 °C, at 752.5 Torr, 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
were constructed. The method of phase equilibrium d(30 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.8680, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.4980.
measurements was not reported. Critical points of solubility 共3兲 not specified.
were obtained by Bachman,2 and Alekseev’s1 methods.
5.2. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexane
Estimated Error:
Not reported. Critical Evaluation:
References: system 1-propanol–cyclohexane–water is given in Table 44.
1
2
J. Bachman, Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 2, 38 共1940兲. TABLE 44. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–cyclohexane–water
Washburn et al., 1942 298, 308 sat. 共32兲, eq. 共18兲 1

sat. 共20兲, eq. 共5兲

Plackov and Stern, 1992 298 3
a
Saturation curve
The ternary system 1-propanol–cyclohexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1 covering the majority of the concentration
triangle. Studies of the system were reported in three references at 298.2 K. Only Washburn et al.1 also investigated this system at 308.2
K. All saturation data are consistent. Only the cyclohexane–water binary system forms a miscibility gap. The data for this binary system
were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume;4 the recommended values at 298.2 K are: x ⬙2 ⫽1.2
•10⫺5 and x ⬘3 ⫽3.7•10⫺4 . The end points of the saturation curve, Ref. 2, were reported to be x 2 ⫽0.998 and pure water which is not
consistent with recommended values. However, these results are within the accuracy of experimental measurements 共0.005 mole fraction兲
stated by the authors. One experimental point in the water-rich phase3 was reported to be x 1 ⫽0.053, x 2 ⫽0.000, which may suggest that
1-propanol is only partially soluble in water. This numerical result reflects a lack of sensitivity of the analytical method used for
cyclohexane in the water-rich phase. All experimental solubility and equilibrium data reported at 298.2 K in Refs. 1, 2, and 3, were used
to construct the equation:
x1⫽a1•共ln z1兲a2•z1a3.
⬙ )/(x 20
where: z 1 ⫽(x 2 ⫹0.5•x 1 ⫺x 20 ⬘ ⫺x 20
⬙ ), x 1 ,x 2 —mole fractions of component 共1兲 and 共2兲, respectively, x 20
⬘ ,x 20
⬙ —values of x 2 on the
binodal curve which cuts the x 1 ⫽0 axis. This equation has been proposed by Letcher et al.5 for the description of saturation curves of
the ternary alcohol–ether–water systems. It gives better results 共the smallest standard deviation兲 for the investigated system than any other
tested equation. The parameters obtained by the least squares method for the whole range of miscibility gap 共water-rich and hydrocarbon-
rich branches were described together兲 are: a 1 ⫽1.50825, a 2 ⫽0.98056, a 3 ⫽1.28405. The standard error of estimate was 0.0084. For
selected concentrations of cyclohexane in the mixture, saturation curve was calculated by the above equation. The results are presented
in the Table 45 and in Fig. 22 as solid line.
x1 x2 x1 x2
0.0000 0.000 012 Ref. 4 0.3607 0.5000

0.0288 0.0010 0.3504 0.5200
0.1697 0.0100 0.3397 0.5400
0.2233 0.0200 0.3285 0.5600
0.2870 0.0400 0.3169 0.5800
0.3279 0.0600 0.3049 0.6000
0.3572 0.0800 0.2925 0.6200
0.3791 0.1000 0.2797 0.6400
0.3958 0.1200 0.2666 0.6600
0.4085 0.1400 0.2531 0.6800
0.4181 0.1600 0.2394 0.7000
0.4251 0.1800 0.2253 0.7200
0.4299 0.2000 0.2109 0.7400
0.4328 0.2200 0.1963 0.7600
0.4341 0.2600 0.1661 0.8000 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; E. R. Washburn, C. E. Brockway, C. L. Graham, and P. Deming,
0.4327 0.2800 0.1506 0.8200 C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 1886–8 共1942兲.
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴
0.4303 0.3000 0.1349 0.8400
0.4267 0.3200 0.1189 0.8600
0.4223 0.3400 0.1026 0.8800 Variables: Compiled by:
0.4170 0.3600 0.0861 0.9000 T/K⫽298– 308 A. Skrzecz
0.4109 0.3800 0.0694 0.9200
0.4041 0.4000 0.0524 0.9400
Experimental Data
0.3966 0.4200 0.0352 0.9600 Compositions along the saturation curve
0.3885 0.4400 0.0176 0.9800
0.3798 0.4600 0.0088 0.9900 x1 x2
0.3705 0.4800 0.0000 0.999 63 Ref. 4 T/K
25.0 298.2 0.0983 0.8887 0.0730 0.9241

0.1917 0.7686 0.1498 0.8409

Compositions of coexisting phases in the ternary system 1-propanol–cyclohexane–water at equilibrium were reported in all three 0.2727 0.6527 0.2255 0.7560
references at 298.2 and at 308.2 K 共Ref. 1兲. The tie lines cover the full area of the miscibility gap. The reported equilibrium data sets are 0.3361 0.5362 0.2987 0.6673
not always consistent with one another, although they are consistent within each data set. Inconsistency is observed at the region near the 0.3933 0.4193 0.3794 0.5664
plait point 共the water-rich phase in equilibrium with the organic phase containing more than 0.25 mole fraction of alcohol兲. The data for 0.4272 0.3141 0.4522 0.4657
phases in equilibrium are considered tentative. All experimental tie lines as well as experimental points, Refs. 1, 2, and 3 at 298.2 K, are 0.4410 0.2251 0.5150 0.3681
shown in Fig. 22. 0.4342 0.1474 0.5668 0.2695
0.3920 0.0847 0.5873 0.1777
0.3487 0.0558 0.5760 0.1291
0.2467 0.0233 0.4952 0.0656
0.1939 0.0138 0.4301 0.0429
0.1456 0.0063 0.3563 0.0216
0.1024 0.0019 0.2742 0.0072
0.0637 0.0002 0.1849 0.0008
0.0302 0.0001 0.0940 0.0006
35.0 308.2 0.1024 0.8833 0.0762 0.9206
0.1903 0.7700 0.1486 0.8421
0.2725 0.6525 0.2254 0.7560
0.3380 0.5428 0.2981 0.6704
0.3911 0.4269 0.3748 0.5729
0.4278 0.3140 0.4527 0.4654

0.4442 0.2303 0.5140 0.3731
0.4343 0.1475 0.5668 0.2696
0.3963 0.0867 0.5891 0.1805
0.3543 0.0573 0.5799 0.1314
0.2665 0.0274 0.5160 0.0742
0.1933 0.0135 0.4296 0.0419
0.1416 0.0064 0.3487 0.0221
FIG. 22. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲—cyclohexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve, 0.1028 0.0023 0.2746 0.0085
䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 2, 䉭—experimental data, Ref. 3.
0.0634 0.0003 0.1840 0.0011
0.0295 0.0002 0.0921 0.0007
References:
1
E. R. Washburn, C. E. Brockway, C. L. Graham, and P. Deming, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 1886 共1942兲.
2
3
4
New York, 1989兲.
5
T. M. Letcher, S. Ravindran, and S. E. Radloff, Fluid Phase Equilib. 69, 251 共1991兲.
1101
1102
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem.
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 44, 118-21 共1991兲
hyrocarbon- water- 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴
T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water- 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
25.0 298.2 0.0126 0.9874 0.0181 0.0002 0.009 0.991 0.058 0.001
0.0195 0.9805 0.0275 0.0007 0.014 0.986 0.086 0.003
0.0606 0.9394 0.0464 0.0012 0.044 0.956 0.139 0.005
Experimental Data
0.1578 0.8118 0.0601 0.0015 0.121 0.872 0.175 0.006
0.2599 0.6709 0.0674 0.0020 0.213 0.770 0.193 0.008
0.4124 0.3660 0.0735 0.0018 0.416 0.517 0.208 0.007 w1 w2
0.4422 0.2101 0.0781 0.0020 0.526 0.350 0.219 0.008 t/°C
0.4236 0.1240 0.0830 0.0028 0.578 0.237 0.230 0.011 共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲
0.2141 0.0171 0.1702 0.0098 0.457 0.051 0.396 0.032
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
35.0 308.2 0.0153 0.9847 0.0194 0.0002 0.011 0.989 0.062 0.001
0.070 0.001 0.200 0.004
0.0249 0.9704 0.0264 0.0002 0.018 0.981 0.083 0.001
0.113 0.004 0.295 0.015

0.0907 0.9002 0.0440 0.0002 0.067 0.931 0.133 0.001
0.165 0.011 0.386 0.036
0.1819 0.7837 0.0544 0.0002 0.141 0.851 0.161 0.001
0.229 0.020 0.475 0.058
0.2956 0.6137 0.0606 0.0002 0.250 0.727 0.177 0.001
0.347 0.060 0.570 0.138
0.4201 0.3563 0.0657 0.0000 0.426 0.506 0.190 0.000
0.412 0.116 0.575 0.227
0.4437 0.1974 0.0710 0.0002 0.536 0.334 0.203 0.001
0.440 0.205 0.528 0.344
0.4145 0.1066 0.0794 0.0008 0.586 0.211 0.223 0.003
0.430 0.300 0.462 0.451
0.2318 0.0190 0.1502 0.0071 0.480 0.055 0.364 0.024
0.393 0.413 0.382 0.562
0.330 0.542 0.293 0.673
0.246 0.688 0.200 0.784
0.132 0.847 0.100 0.896
0.068 0.922 0.050 0.948
The titration method, Refs 1,2, was used. Binary mixtures of 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Company, best grade; dried with active lime,
known composition were titrated with the third component. distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8000, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.3838. 0.000 0.999 0.0000 0.9998
The total weight of liquids employed was 13–15 g. The 共2兲 Eastman Kodak Company; distilled, dried with Na,
refractive indexes of mixtures were used to construct the recrystallized several times; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7746, Compositions of coexisting phases
refractive index/composition curve, which was used further to n(25 °C,D)⫽1.4232, f.p.⫽6.1 °C.
find compositions of equilibrium phases. 共3兲 not specified.
x 1⬘ x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
Estimated Error:
hydrocarbon- water-
Not reported.
t/°C hyrocarbon- water- rich phase rich phase
共compiler兲 T/K rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
References:
1
R. Vold and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4217
共1932兲. 25.0 298.2 0.371 0.460 0.061 0.001 0.348 0.604 0.178 0.004
2
E. R. Washburn and H. C. Spencer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 361 0.429 0.300 0.092 0.003 0.461 0.452 0.250 0.011
共1934兲. 0.440 0.218 0.100 0.004 0.519 0.360 0.267 0.015
0.426 0.140 0.121 0.006 0.566 0.261 0.309 0.021
0.360 0.062 0.160 0.010 0.581 0.140 0.378 0.033
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 71, 189-209
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck; AR grade; refluxed with Mg and I2, distilled; purity C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴共1992兲.
titration method, as described in Ref. 1. The formation of a ⬎99.9 mole % by glc. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴
cloudy mixture was observed visually on shaking after 共2兲 BDH; Gold label grade; used as received; purity ⬎99.9 mole 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
addition of a known mass of the third component; syringes % by glc.
were precisely weighed. Tie line compositions were 共3兲 not specified. Variables: Compiled by:
determined by the refractive index method, Ref. 2, and a T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
complementary method using the Karl Fischer titration, Ref. 3. Estimated Error:
Measurements were made at pressure of 94.7 kPa. composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction 共binodal curve兲, ⫾0.01 mole
fraction 共tie lines兲. Experimental Data
References:
1
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. w1 w2
Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲. T/K
2
S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411 t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
共1943兲.
3
T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, J. 25 298.2 0.0489 0.9452 0.0356 0.9631
0.1347 0.8391 0.1022 0.8918

0.2111 0.7319 0.1685 0.8179
0.2732 0.6324 0.2301 0.7460
0.3389 0.5149 0.3070 0.6533
0.3767 0.4345 0.3616 0.5841
0.4005 0.3716 0.4049 0.5261
0.4257 0.2848 0.4671 0.4377
0.4308 0.2540 0.4890 0.4038
0.4315 0.1790 0.5401 0.3138
0.4144 0.1251 0.5695 0.2408
0.2647 0.0296 0.5113 0.0801
0.2102 0.0174 0.4510 0.0523
0.1588 0.0091 0.3772 0.0303
0.1260 0.0043 0.3208 0.0153
0.1041 0.0022 0.2775 0.0082
0.0859 0.0010 0.2379 0.0039
0.0702 0.0006 0.2008 0.0024
0.0520 0.0004 0.1545 0.0017
0.0254 0.0002 0.0799 0.0009
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
T/K hyrocarbon- water- rich phase rich phase
25 298.2 0.072 0.918 0.053 0.000 0.053 0.945 0.157 0.000

0.226 0.712 0.070 0.002 0.182 0.803 0.199 0.008
0.368 0.464 0.077 0.003 0.345 0.608 0.216 0.012
0.400 0.367 0.078 0.003 0.407 0.522 0.218 0.012
0.414 0.312 0.079 0.003 0.444 0.468 0.220 0.012
0.431 0.191 0.084 0.004 0.531 0.329 0.231 0.015
0.279 0.025 0.134 0.010 0.534 0.067 0.331 0.035
1103
1104
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Binodal compositions were determined by titration with the 共1兲 Kemika 共Zagreb兲; analytical grade; presumably used as C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, 共1994.11兲
corresponding, less-soluble component until the appearance of received; n⫽1.3828, ␳ (25 °C)⫽799.6 kg/m3,b.p.⫽96.8 °C. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
turbidity.1 The analytical method was used for determination 共2兲 Zorka 共Sabac兲; purity not specified; presumably used as 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
of tie-lines. This was based on refractive indexes and densities received; n⫽1.4232, ␳ (25 °C)⫽773.6 kg/m3,b.p.⫽80.1 °C.
of the samples,1 combined with the oxidation of the alcohol 共3兲 twice distilled in the presence of KMnO4.
with an excess of potassium dichromate and determination of 5.3. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane
unreduced dichromate with Na2S2O3. Alcohol in the organic Estimated Error:
layer was determined after extraction with water. composition ⬍0.0005 mass fraction, binodal, 共relative兲; Critical Evaluation:
composition ⫾2%, tie line. A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
system 1-propanol–hexane–water is given in Table 46.
References:
1
D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 57, 327 共1990兲. TABLE 46. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–hexane–water

Vorobeva and Karapetyants, 1967 298 sat. 共15兲, eq. 共12兲 2
eq. 共5兲

Koshelkov et al., 1974 334 3
Sugi and Katayama, 1977 298 sat. 共22兲, eq. 共5兲 4
a
Saturation curve
The system 1-propanol–hexane–water forms miscibility gap of type 1. Only one binary system, hexane–water, is partially miscible.
The data for this binary system were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volume.5 The recommended values
of mutual solubility of the hexane–water system at 298.2 K are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.999 53 and x ⬙2 ⫽2.3•10⫺6 . References 1, 2, and 4 also contain
mutual solubility data for the binary system. Solubility of water in hexane (x ⬘2 ⫽0.999 49) reported by Sugi and Katayama4 is consistent
with recommended value of Ref. 5, while the results of McCants et al.,1 at 310.9 K, and Vorobeva and Karapetyants2 at 298.2 K differ
significantly because they were measured with an accuracy of 0.001 wt. fraction and therefore are not able to describe properly mutual
solubility in the binary system. Composition along the saturation curve were obtained by titration. Data for 298.2 K by Vorobeva and
Karapetyants,2 by Sugi and Katayama,4 and for 310.9 K by McCants et al.1, are consistent. The miscibility gap built on the basis of
McCants et al. data1 at 310.9 K is a little smaller, as is expected, than that for 298.2 K. Equilibrium data of Koshelkov et al.3 at 334 K
were reported at the boiling temperatures and are not entirely consistent with one another. The temperature 298.2 K was selected to
present phase behavior. These data were used to construct the equation:
x 1 ⫽0.574 85⫹0.125 13 ln共 x 3 兲 ⫹0.217 41x 3 ⫺0.821 37x 23 .
The standard error of estimate was 0.0084. The equation is valid in the region of 0.001⬍x 3 ⬍0.83. The compositions on the saturation
curve calculated by the proposed equation are presented in Table 47 for selected concentrations of water in the mixture. The results of
calculations 共solid line兲 are also presented graphically in Fig. 23 together with all experimental data reported at 298.2 K.
x1 x3 x1 x3
0.0000 0.000 47 Ref. 5 0.4127 0.4200

0.0893 0.0200 0.4088 0.4400
0.1794 0.0400 0.4039 0.4600
0.2329 0.0600 0.3981 0.4800
0.2709 0.0800 0.3915 0.5000
0.3002 0.1000 0.3756 0.5400
0.3238 0.1200 0.3665 0.5600
0.3432 0.1400 0.3565 0.5800
0.3593 0.1600 0.3457 0.6000
0.3728 0.1800 0.3341 0.6200
0.3841 0.2000 0.3217 0.6400
0.3935 0.2200 0.3086 0.6600
0.4011 0.2400 0.2946 0.6800
0.4073 0.2600 0.2799 0.7000
0.4120 0.2800 0.2645 0.7200
0.4177 0.3200 0.2313 0.7600 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; J. F. McCants, J. H. Jones, and W. H. Hopson, Ind. Eng. Chem.
0.4188 0.3400 0.2136 0.7800 C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 45, 454-6 共1953兲.
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
0.4188 0.3600 0.1952 0.8000
0.4178 0.3800 0.1760 0.8200
0.4157 0.4000 0.0000 0.999 997 7 Ref. 5 Variables: Compiled by:
Experimental Data
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 1-propanol–hexane–water are reported in four references.
3 Compositions along the saturation curve
Data of Koshelkov et al. were measured at boiling temperatures which were estimated by the compiler to be 334⫾1 K. In all cases
similar procedures were used. When the equilibrium was reached, phases were separated and the composition of each phase was analyzed.
x1 x2
The tie lines cover the whole range of miscibility gap. Data reported at 298.2 K by Vorobeva and Karapetyants2 and by Sugi and
T/K
Katayama4 are in agreement with the exception of the range x 3 ⫽0.88– 0.90 in the water-rich phase, where experimental equilibrium data t/°F 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
are inconsistent, presumably due to the change of tie lines direction. The plait point of the system was reported only in Ref. 2 and is
x 1 ⫽0.214, x 2 ⫽0.017. As with the saturation data, equilibrium data of McCants et al.1 are reported at 310.9 K, a slightly higher 100 310.9 0.0000 0.9952 0.000 0.999
temperature than in Refs. 2,4. The direction of tie lines at boiling temperatures, Ref. 3, is quite different than those at lower temperatures 0.2240 0.7008 0.179 0.803

298, 311 K, Refs. 1,2,4, but these data are consistent with those measured at boiling temperatures for the system 1-propanol–nonane–
0.3083 0.5410 0.273 0.687
water, Ref. 3.
0.3652 0.4382 0.347 0.597
0.3984 0.3635 0.402 0.526
0.4200 0.2815 0.460 0.442
0.4229 0.1729 0.534 0.313
0.4191 0.1322 0.564 0.255
0.3881 0.0964 0.570 0.203
0.3303 0.0546 0.557 0.132
0.2352 0.0226 0.480 0.066
0.1911 0.0161 0.423 0.051
0.1439 0.0063 0.353 0.022
0.0569 0.0010 0.167 0.004
0.0292 0.0004 0.091 0.002
0.0000 0.0002 0.000 0.001
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hyrocarbon- water-

t/°F 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
100 310.9 0.0621 0.9148 0.0459 0.0007 0.045 0.950 0.138 0.003
FIG. 23. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲—hexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated binodal curve,
䊊—experimental results of Ref. 2, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 4, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 2 and 4. 0.2237 0.6934 0.0729 0.0012 0.180 0.800 0.207 0.005a兲
0.4228 0.2369 0.0929 0.0008 0.489 0.393 0.254 0.003b兲
References: 0.4218 0.1705 0.1054 0.0026 0.535 0.310 0.280 0.010a兲
1
J. F. McCants, J. H. Jones, and W. H. Hopson, Ind. Eng. Chem. 45, 454 共1953兲. 0.3773 0.4043 0.0879 0.0018 0.369 0.567 0.242 0.007c兲
2
3
V. A. Koshelkov, T. G. Pavlenko, V. N. Titova, V. S. Timofeev, and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. Altai. Politekh. Inst. im, I. I. Polzunova
41, 84 共1974兲.
4
H. Sugi and T. Katayama, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 10, 400 共1977兲.
5
New York, 1989兲.
1105
1106
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41,
The titration method was used to obtain binodal curve. The 共1兲 Du Pont, refined; used as received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3855, C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 1144-9 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 602–5
samples of homogenous binary mixture were placed in a d(75 °F,60 °F)⫽0.800. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴共1967兲兴.
constant temperature bath and titrated the third component to 共2兲 Philips, pure grade; used as received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3752, 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
the cloud point. Each sample was agitated in the constant d(75 °F,60 °F)⫽0.654.
third component. The temperatures of these systems were T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
refractive indexes were measured. The analytical method was refractive index ⫾0.0001; concentration ⫾0.001 mass %
used for tie lines. 共estimated by compiler兲. Experimental Data
共a兲 A ternary mixture of known composition was shaken for Compositions along the saturation curve
several hours in constant temperature bath and after both References:
phases were carefully separated and their refractive indexes 1
D. F. Othmer and P. E. Tobias, Ind. Eng. Chem. 34, 690 共1942兲. x1 x2
were determined. The intersections of the tie lines with the T/K
binodal curve were determined by refractive index t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
interpolations between points of known composition used to
determine the curve. 25 298.2 0.0000 0.9952 0.000 0.999
共b兲 The slopes of the tie lines were checked by determining tie 0.1422 0.8309 0.106 0.888
lines by the graphical application of the lever rule as described
0.1944 0.7581 0.150 0.839

in Ref. 1.
共c兲 The two phases were analyzed chemically for one or two 0.2724 0.6348 0.225 0.752
components. 0.3243 0.5423 0.284 0.681
0.3719 0.4349 0.353 0.592
0.4003 0.3515 0.409 0.515
0.4204 0.1651 0.538 0.303
0.4063 0.1188 0.565 0.237
0.3699 0.0755 0.574 0.168
0.3237 0.0473 0.558 0.117
0.2564 0.0259 0.504 0.073
0.2060 0.0148 0.447 0.046
0.1978 0.0136 0.436 0.043
0.1354 0.0042 0.339 0.015
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
25 298.2 0.1422 0.8309 0.0678 0.0005 0.106 0.888 0.195 0.002

0.3211 0.5522 0.0949 0.0015 0.279 0.688 0.258 0.006
0.3397 0.5177 0.1000 0.0018 0.302 0.660 0.269 0.007
0.3818 0.4198 0.1023 0.0018 0.366 0.577 0.274 0.007
0.3898 0.3901 0.1052 0.0021 0.384 0.551 0.280 0.008
0.4196 0.2774 0.1062 0.0021 0.462 0.438 0.282 0.008
0.4253 0.1793 0.1115 0.0024 0.531 0.321 0.293 0.009
0.3207 0.0471 0.1399 0.0048 0.555 0.117 0.347 0.017
0.3057 0.0406 0.1463 0.0057 0.546 0.104 0.358 0.020
0.2858 0.0338 0.1570 0.0070 0.531 0.090 0.376 0.024
0.2483 0.0237 0.1833 0.0111 0.496 0.068 0.416 0.036
0.2142 0.0167 0.2142 0.0167 0.457 0.051 0.457 0.051a
a
Critical solubility point at 298.2 K.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; V. A. Koshelkov, T. G. Pavlenko, V. N. Titova, V. S. Timofeev,
The methods were reported in Ref. 1. The titration method 共1兲 source not specified, chemical pure grade; distilled; water C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. Altai. Politekh. Inst. im. I. I. Polzunova
was used to describe solubility of the mixtures. The third concentration was determined by the Karl Fischer method. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 41, 84–92 共1994兲.
component was added to the binary homogeneous mixture 共2兲 source not specified; properties were the same as reported in 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
until the cloudiness started to be observed. Density of the Ref. 1.
saturated mixtures was measured and put on the graphs. To 共3兲 doubly distilled. Variables: Compiled by:
obtain equilibrium ternary mixtures were stirred in T/K⫽334 A. Skrzecz
thermostated vessel through several hours. After phase Estimated Error:
separation, density of each phase was measured and Not reported.
composition was determined from earlier prepared graphs. Experimental Data
Concentration at critical point was found by the method References: Compositions of coexisting phases
1
described in Ref. 2. Water include in propanol was taken into A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
account in all measurements. 3018 共1966兲. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
2
hydrocarbon- water-
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase complier complier

61 334 0.087 0.902 0.123 0.011 0.063 0.935 0.309 0.040
0.122 0.833 0.169 0.036 0.093 0.898 0.368 0.112
0.202 0.743 0.262 0.098 0.157 0.830 0.441 0.236
0.271 0.634 0.323 0.121 0.224 0.752 0.487 0.262
0.229 0.701 0.341 0.154 0.182 0.801 0.478 0.310

The method was not specified. Experiments were made at 共1兲 source not specified.
boiling temperatures of mixtures. The boiling temperatures of 共2兲 source not specified.
the two-liquid system were estimated by the compiler. 共3兲 source not specified.
Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾ 1K 共compiler兲.
1107
1108
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; H. Sugi and T. Katayama, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 10, 400–2 共1977兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 The combination of a titration and analytical methods was Wako Chemicals Ind. Ltd., guaranteed reagent; dried with
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 used. The apparatus and experimental procedure were Molecular Sieve 3A, distilled; densities agreed within 0.0003
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 described in Ref. 1. For glc analysis of 1.6 m column filled with literature values.
with Poropak-Q was used. Solubility of water in hexane was 共2兲 Merck Uvasol, spectrograde; used as received; densities
Variables: Compiled by: determined by the Karl Fischer method. agreed within 0.0003 with literature values.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz 共3兲 de-ionized, twice distilled.
Estimated Error:
Experimental Data Not reported.
References:
w1 w2 1
H. Sugi, T. Nitta, and T. Katayama, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 9, 12
T/K 共1976兲.
25 298.2 0.0000 0.99949 0.0000 0.99989

0.1701 0.7934 0.1290 0.8627
0.2197 0.7222 0.1726 0.8137

0.2606 0.6550 0.2127 0.7666
0.2948 0.6067 0.2468 0.7284
0.3166 0.5753 0.2697 0.7027
0.3513 0.4932 0.3179 0.6399
0.3645 0.4618 0.3379 0.6139
0.3799 0.4305 0.3604 0.5857
0.4149 0.3564 0.4172 0.5139
0.4280 0.2842 0.4643 0.4421
0.4282 0.2664 0.4748 0.4236
0.4296 0.2423 0.4907 0.3969
0.4293 0.2204 0.5048 0.3717
0.4223 0.2008 0.5130 0.3498
0.4117 0.1541 0.5397 0.2897
0.3874 0.1044 0.5619 0.2171
0.3609 0.0722 0.5689 0.1632
0.3215 0.0496 0.5532 0.1224
0.2815 0.0346 0.5251 0.0925
0.2578 0.0280 0.5035 0.0784
0.1827 0.0114 0.4146 0.0371
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase complier complier
25.0 298.2 0.3606 0.0732 0.1311 0.0029 0.5676 0.1652 0.3320 0.0105
0.4200 0.1163 0.1253 0.0012 0.5787 0.2298 0.3222 0.0044
0.4272 0.2229 0.1181 0.0007 0.5016 0.3753 0.3081 0.0026
0.4170 0.3349 0.1155 0.0005 0.4292 0.4943 0.3030 0.0019
0.3603 0.4766 0.1140 0.0003 0.3298 0.6255 0.3000 0.0011
TABLE 49. Calculated composition along the saturation curve 共hydrocarbon-rich phase兲 at 298.2 K

共1兲1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.02兲 0.0000 0.000 104 Ref. 6 0.3439 0.5200
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 0.2038 0.0200 0.3334 0.5400
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.2943 0.0400 0.3224 0.5600
0.3424 0.0600 0.3111 0.5800
0.3730 0.0800 0.2995 0.6000
5.4. 1ⴙPropanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene 0.3940 0.1000 0.2874 0.6200
distribution of 1-propanol between phases 共distr.兲 for the system 1-propanol–toluene–water is given in Table 48. 0.4265 0.1600 0.2493 0.6800
0.4312 0.1800 0.2359 0.7000
TABLE 48. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–toluene–water 0.4340 0.2000 0.2222 0.7200
0.4350 0.2200 0.2082 0.7400
0.4331 0.2600 0.1793 0.7800
0.4305 0.2800 0.1644 0.8000

Baker, 1955 298 sat. 共16兲, eq. 共11兲 2
0.4269 0.3000 0.1492 0.8200
Nikurashina and Ilin, 1972 298 sat. 共20兲, distr. 共15兲 3
0.4224 0.3200 0.1338 0.8400
0.4172 0.3400 0.1180 0.8600
a
0.4048 0.3800 0.0857 0.9000
0.3976 0.4000 0.0691 0.9200
0.3816 0.4400 0.0352 0.9600
The ternary system 1-propanol–toluene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Studies of the system were reported in four references
0.3729 0.4600 0.0179 0.9800
and are discussed on the basis of original papers with the exception of data of Leikola,1 which were taken from the handbook of Kafarov;5
0.3637 0.4800 0.0091 0.9900
this data set was also taken into account during evaluation but is not reported as a compilation sheet because it does not contribute further
0.3540 0.5000 0.0000 0.9972 Ref. 6
to knowledge of the system. Only the toluene–water binary system forms a miscibility gap. The data for this binary system were compiled
and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.6 The recommended values of mutual solubility of toluene–water system
at 298 K are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.9972 and x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 104.6 The end points of saturation curve at 298.2 K,4 were reported to be x ⬘2 ⫽0.999 and x ⬙2
⫽0.000. These numerical results are limited by the accuracy of experimental measurements which were estimated by the authors to be
0.005 mole fraction; the data are within accuracy limit, but are not adequate to describe the regions of low concentrations of ethanol. Data The phases in equilibrium were measured at 298.2 K 共Refs. 2 and 4兲. The tie lines cover the whole area of the miscibility gap and are
reported by Ref. 4 show also a somewhat smaller 共up to 0.03 mole fraction兲 concentration of water in the organic-rich phase 共the region consistent with one another. All experimental tie lines at 298.2 K together with the saturation curve are presented in Fig. 24. The plait
of 0.4–0.7 mole fraction of toluene兲 than data of other authors. A maximum value of 1-propanol concentration on the saturation curve at point of the system at 298.2 K estimated by Letcher and Siswana4 was x 1 ⫽0.18, x 2 ⫽0.01. Distribution of 1-propanol between hydro-
298.2 K is reported to be x 1 ⫽0.44.4 Concentration of toluene in the water-rich phase is very low, ⬍0.002 mole fraction, so toluene was carbon and water phases reported in Ref. 3 is in agreement with other equilibrium data. The characteristic point of the system, the same
not reported in some experimental points in equilibrium, Ref. 4 共authors estimated composition of tie lines was within 0.01 mole fraction兲. mass fraction concentration of 1-propanol in both phases 共0.150兲,3 after recalculation gives the values 0.21 and 0.048 mole fraction of
All data describing the saturation curve are treated as tentative; they are consistent within each data set as well as between the references. 1-propanol in organic and water rich phases, respectively.
Temperature of 298.2 K was selected to present the behavior of the system. The water-rich phase was not described by any equation and
this phase is not presented in Table 48. All experimental saturation and equilibrium points of the hydrocarbon-rich phase at 298.2 K, were
used to construct the equation:
x1⫽0.788 09⫹0.146 55 ln共x2兲⫺0.542 22x 2 ⫺0.245 63x 22 .
The least-squares method was used and the standard error of estimate was 0.0068. Calculated compositions of the hydrocarbon-rich part
of the saturation curve are presented in Table 49 for the selected concentrations of toluene in the mixture. The results of calculations 共solid
line兲 are also presented graphically in Fig. 24 together with all experimental data reported at 298.2 K.
1109
1110
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; E. M. Baker, J. Phys. Chem. 59, 1182–3 共1955兲.
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25.0 298.2 0.122 21 0.854 22 0.084 93 0.910 16

0.145 54 0.820 27 0.102 97 0.889 78
0.181 77 0.771 06 0.131 90 0.857 84

0.239 59 0.682 37 0.183 00 0.799 13
0.315 27 0.564 64 0.259 06 0.711 36
FIG. 24. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol-toluene-water at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve, 䊊—experimental 0.346 66 0.493 77 0.301 04 0.657 42
results of Ref. 2, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 3, 䉭—experimental results of Ref. 4, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 2 and 0.389 02 0.412 18 0.360 01 0.584 84
4. 0.426 88 0.299 59 0.440 89 0.474 42
0.432 29 0.244 45 0.478 20 0.414 60
References: 0.430 64 0.152 80 0.545 26 0.296 63
1
E. Leikola, Suomen Kemistil. B 13, 13 共1940兲. 0.371 67 0.078 38 0.565 96 0.182 99
2
E. M. Baker, J. Phys. Chem. 59, 1182 共1955兲 0.306 27 0.043 31 0.539 54 0.116 97
3
N. I. Nikurashina and K. K. Ilin, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 42, 1657 共1972兲. 0.191 57 0.013 44 0.425 25 0.045 73
4
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203 共1992兲. 0.117 50 0.004 69 0.302 95 0.018 55
5
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk 0.081 18 0.001 42 0.226 53 0.006 09
0.073 99 0.001 02 0.209 69 0.004 44
6
New York, 1989兲.
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
25.0 298.2 0.0370 0.9605 0.0262 0.0010 0.0245 0.9750 0.0820 0.0050
0.1042 0.8716 0.0387 0.0010 0.0720 0.9230 0.1180 0.0045
0.1645 0.7892 0.0467 0.0011 0.1185 0.8715 0.1400 0.0050
0.2620 0.6443 0.0493 0.0009 0.2050 0.7730 0.1470 0.0040
0.3082 0.5735 0.0524 0.0011 0.2520 0.7190 0.1550 0.0050
0.3532 0.4861 0.0538 0.0006 0.3080 0.6500 0.1590 0.0025
0.4027 0.3676 0.0607 0.0006 0.3890 0.5445 0.1770 0.0028
0.4339 0.2382 0.0663 0.0008 0.4835 0.4070 0.1910 0.0035
0.4341 0.2123 0.0671 0.0009 0.5015 0.3760 0.1930 0.0040
0.4129 0.1214 0.0792 0.0013 0.5590 0.2520 0.2220 0.0055
0.3672 0.0740 0.0801 0.0014 0.5665 0.1750 0.2240 0.0060
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; N. I. Nikurashina and K. K. Ilin, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 42, 1657–
The titration and analytical methods were used. Weighed 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Co.; distilled over CaCl2, middle fraction C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 60 共1972兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 42, 1651–3 共1972兲兴.
portions of 1-propanol and toluene in glass stoppered flasks was used; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.799 99⫾0.0002, n(25 °C,D) 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴
were titrated with water from a calibrated burette. After each ⫽1.3854⫾0.0001. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
portion of water the mixture was shaken and the temperature 共2兲 source not specified; analytical reagent grade; dried over Na,
of the solution was allowed to return to 25 °C before further distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.859 39⫾0.0002, n(25 °C,D) Variables: Compiled by:
additions of water. When the end-point was reached, the ⫽1.3325⫾0.0001. T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
mixture was left in the bath for 30 min before specific gravity 共3兲 distilled from alkaline potassium permanganate.
and refractive index were determined. The binary two
liquid-phase mixtures of toluene and water were treated with Estimated Error: Experimental Data
1-propanol and when equilibrium was reached the samples of temp. ⫾0.1 °C. Compositions along the saturation curve
each layer were removed and refractive indexes were
determined. A large-scale graph of refractive index, x1 x2
constructed during the binodal curve determination, was used T/K
to find equilibrium concentrations. t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
25.0 298.2 0.0697 0.0005 0.1996 0.0022

0.1134 0.0039 0.2953 0.0155

0.1579 0.0104 0.3731 0.0376
0.1647 0.0111 0.3841 0.0398
0.1783 0.0134 0.4042 0.0467
0.1845 0.0144 0.4130 0.0495
0.1908 0.0155 0.4216 0.0525
0.1991 0.0170 0.4327 0.0567
0.2256 0.0219 0.4654 0.0692
0.2774 0.0337 0.5180 0.0964
0.3283 0.0520 0.5529 0.1342
0.3695 0.0727 0.5700 0.1720
0.3960 0.0988 0.5666 0.2167
0.4226 0.1309 0.5581 0.2651
0.4346 0.1771 0.5284 0.3301
0.4412 0.2452 0.4842 0.4126
0.4028 0.3780 0.3843 0.5530
0.3423 0.5209 0.2896 0.6757
0.2563 0.6684 0.1966 0.7861
0.1417 0.8326 0.0994 0.8952
Distribution of 1-propanol in 1-propanol–toluene–water system
w ⬘1 w ⬙1

25.0 298.2 0.011 0.056

0.038 0.101
0.097 0.130
0.150 0.150a
0.218 0.155
0.290 0.165
0.358 0.174
0.423 0.180
0.480 0.188
0.527 0.200
0.561 0.211
0.571 0.253
0.537 0.291
0.507 0.316
0.467 0.351
1111
a
The same concentration of 1-propanol in both phases.
1112
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203–
The isothermal titration method was used. Phase equilibrium 共1兲 source not specified, chemically pure grade: used as received; C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 17 共1992兲.
was determined by the secants method.1 Each secant b.p.⫽97.4 °C, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3858. 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴
represented a constant water-toluene mass ratio, the 共2兲 source not specified, pure for analysis grade: used as 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
concentration of 1-propanol was variable. After 24 h received; b.p.⫽110.6 °C, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.4967.
separation, refractive indexes of both phases were measured. 共3兲 freshly distilled water; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3332. Variables: Compiled by:
Equilibrium concentration of 1-propanol in both phases, in T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
weight percent, was reported for 15 tie lines. Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
Experimental Data
1
N. I. Nikurashina and R. V. Mertslin, Metod Sechenii 共Izd.
Saratovskii Universitet, Saratov, 1969兲. w1 w2
T/K
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.091 0.001 0.249 0.004
0.138 0.005 0.343 0.019

0.194 0.014 0.428 0.047
0.259 0.031 0.499 0.092
0.320 0.055 0.541 0.143
0.403 0.118 0.554 0.249
0.429 0.185 0.518 0.342
0.438 0.286 0.457 0.457
0.397 0.416 0.364 0.585
0.346 0.544 0.285 0.688
0.252 0.698 0.188 0.800
0.143 0.836 0.100 0.896
0.074 0.920 0.050 0.949
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x IH
1 x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
t/ °C 共compiler兲 rich phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.315 0.600 0.049 0.000 0.250 0.730 0.147 0.000
0.368 0.490 0.057 0.000 0.317 0.647 0.168 0.000
0.410 0.365 0.064 0.000 0.395 0.540 0.186 0.000
0.430 0.270 0.072 0.000 0.460 0.443 0.206 0.000
0.428 0.182 0.080 0.000 0.519 0.339 0.225 0.000
0.383 0.100 0.095 0.001 0.554 0.222 0.258 0.004
0.290 0.044 0.135 0.002 0.521 0.121 0.340 0.008
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, B. C. Bricknell, J. D. Sewry, and S. E. Radloff, J.
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and C3H8O; 关17-23-8兴 Chem. Eng. Data 39, 320–3 共1994兲.
formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.79979, n 共2兲 1-Heptene; C7H14; 关592-76-7兴
a known mass of one component to a mixture of known ⫽1.3837. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc. Variables: Compiled by:
compositions were determined by the refractive index method 共3兲 not specified. T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and
5.5. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Heptene
0.01 mole fraction for tie lines 共estimated by the authors兲. Experimental Data
References:
1
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heward, J. w1 w2
2
S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411 t/ °C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
共1943兲.
3
T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. Van der Watt, and S. Radloff, 25.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000

0.080 0.901 0.051 0.945
0.168 0.792 0.114 0.878
0.287 0.622 0.216 0.764
0.365 0.479 0.306 0.655
0.416 0.343 0.397 0.534
0.439 0.230 0.480 0.411
0.433 0.154 0.536 0.311
0.400 0.090 0.571 0.210
0.316 0.040 0.550 0.114
0.248 0.021 0.495 0.068
0.186 0.010 0.420 0.037
0.123 0.005 0.313 0.021
0.026 0.001 0.081 0.005
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
t/ °C 共compiler兲 rich phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.365 0.060 0.150 0.010 0.509 0.178 0.300 0.043
0.420 0.128 0.134 0.009 0.483 0.314 0.274 0.039
0.420 0.326 0.112 0.008 0.346 0.572 0.237 0.036
0.349 0.511 0.075 0.005 0.234 0.730 0.168 0.024
0.132 0.838 0.026 0.002 0.068 0.926 0.063 0.010

more details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 Aldrich; distilled; purity ⬎ 99.8 mole % by glc, ␳
⫽0.692 65 g cm⫺3.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
References:
1113
1
共1992兲.
1114
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.03兲 0.0000 0.000 000 43 Ref. 6 0.3551 0.5200
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 0.2539 0.0200 0.3439 0.5400
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.3137 0.0400 0.3322 0.5600
0.3522 0.0600 0.3202 0.5800
0.3797 0.0800 0.3078 0.6000
5.6. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane 0.4001 0.1000 0.2950 0.6200
system 1-propanol–heptane–water is given in Table 50. 0.4354 0.1600 0.2546 0.6800
0.4414 0.1800 0.2405 0.7000
TABLE 50. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–heptane–water 0.4452 0.2000 0.2261 0.7200
0.4472 0.2200 0.2115 0.7400
0.4468 0.2600 0.1813 0.7800
0.4447 0.2800 0.1659 0.8000

0.4414 0.3000 0.1502 0.8200
Rabinovich and Pugachevich, 1974 293 eq. 共5兲 3
0.4372 0.3200 0.1343 0.8400
Timofeev et al., 1975 348.7–349.5 eq. 共5兲 4
0.4321 0.3400 0.1182 0.8600
0.4261 0.3600 0.1018 0.8800
a
0.4120 0.4000 0.0685 0.9200
0.4039 0.4200 0.0515 0.9400
The ternary system 1-propanol–heptane–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 1 covering the majority of the concentration 0.3859 0.4600 0.0170 0.9800
triangle. The system was reported in the range 293–311 K and at the boiling point 共vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria兲 at 101.3 kPa. Only the 0.3762 0.4800 0.0000 0.999 44 Ref. 6
heptane–water binary system forms a miscibility gap. Data of this binary system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously 0.3659 0.5000
published SDS volume.6 The recommended mutual solubilities of the binary system heptane–water at 298.2 K6 are: x 2⬙ ⫽4.3•10⫺7 and
x ⬘3 ⫽5.6•10⫺4 . The solubility of water in heptane reported by Ref. 2 is 0.0055 mole fraction 共0.001 weight fraction兲, which differs from
the recommended value by a factor of 10. This is the result of the method used by Vorobeva and Karapetyants.2 The data sets at 298.2 Rabinovich and Pugachevich3 measured the system at 293.2 K as two phases in equilibrium. This data set presents a much larger
K,2,5 are consistent with each other, with the exception of the region close to the plait point (0.16⬍x 2 ⬍0.43); Letcher et al.5 present a miscibility gap particularly in hydrocarbon-rich phase; for a similar alcohol concentration 共e.g., 0.390 mole fraction兲 the heptane con-
slightly larger miscibility gap than Vorobeva and Karapetyants.2 The temperature of 298.2 K, as a standard temperature in which various centration at saturation point differs from the value at 298.2 K2 by about 0.130 mole fraction. The compositions of the water-rich phase
alcohol–hydrocarbon–water systems are presented, was chosen to present the behavior of this system. Saturation and equilibrium data of at 293.2 K are in agreement with other data sets. McCants et al.1 report saturation and equilibrium data at 310.9 K. At this temperature,
Refs. 2 and 5, were described by the equation: as was expected, data show a slightly smaller miscibility gap than those at 298.2 K. One point of the heptane-rich phase 共x 1 ⫽0.1922 and
a
x1⫽a1•共⫺ln z1兲a2•z13, x 2 ⫽0.7009兲 is an outlyer and presumably contains an experimental error. The paper of Timofeev, et al.4 presents equilibrium data at
normal boiling points. The compositions of the heptane-rich phase are consistent with the results at 298.2 K, but the reported concen-
⬙ )/(x 20
where: z 1 ⫽(x 2 ⫹0.5•x 1 ⫺x 20 ⬘ ⫺x 20
⬙ ), x 1 ,x 2 —mole fractions of component 共1兲 and 共2兲, respectively, x 20
⬘ ,x 20
⬙ —values of x 2 on the trations of heptane in the water-rich phase seem abnormal high 共0.04–0.06 mole fraction兲; 共heptane concentrations at 298.2 K were
binodal curve which cuts the x 1 ⫽0 axis. measured to be about 0.01 mole fraction and the temperature dependence is not expected to result such large changes兲.
This equation has been proposed by Letcher et al., Ref. 7, for the description of saturation curves of ternary alcohol–ether–water
systems. It gives better results 共the smallest standard deviation兲 for the investigated system than any other tested equation. The parameters
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 1-propanol–heptane–water were reported in all five refer-
obtained by the least-squares method for the whole range of miscibility gap 共water-rich and hydrocarbon-rich branches were described
ences. The tie lines at 298.2 K 共Refs. 2 and 5兲 are presented in Fig. 25. The distribution of 1-propanol between the phases changes slightly
together兲 are: a 1 ⫽1.568 77, a 2 ⫽0.999 39, a 3 ⫽1.289 19. The standard error of estimate was 0.0138. Points for selected concentrations
with the propanol concentration. This is observed in the data of Vorobeva and Karapetyants 共Ref. 2兲 at 298.2 K. In the region x 1
of heptane on the saturation curve were calculated by the proposed equation. These are presented in Table 51 and Fig. 25 as calculated
⬍0.24 the concentration of 1-propanol is slightly higher in the heptane-rich phase, while at higher alcohol concentrations, more
binodal curve 共solid line兲. The maximum concentration of 1-propanol at this temperature is in the region of 0.470⫾0.025 共x 1 ⫽0.486, Ref.
1-propanol is in the water-rich phase. Data of Letcher et al.5 confirm this behavior for the low propanol region 共all three tie lines are
5; x 1 ⫽0.448, calculated兲.
located in this region兲. Other tie lines, reported at various temperatures, show similar direction as at 298.2 K with the exception of the
results of McCants et al.1 These tie lines are in nearly the opposite direction 共the direction of tie lines is consistent within this data set兲
than those presented in all other references. Plait points reported by Vorobeya and Karapetyants2 at 298.2 K 共x 1 ⫽0.4255 and x 2
⫽0.3090兲 and Timofeev et al.4 at 349.4 K 共x 1 ⫽0.43 and x 2 ⫽0.33兲 are very close to one another. All experimental tie lines as well as
experimental points on saturation curve, Refs. 2 and 5, at 298.2 K, are shown in Fig. 25.
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; J. F. McCants, J. H. Jones, and W. H. Hopson, Ind. Eng. Chem.
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 45, 454–6 共1953兲.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
t/ °F 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
100 310.9 0.0000 0.9945 0.000 0.999

0.2283 0.7007 0.161 0.824

0.3107 0.5645 0.241 0.730
0.3598 0.4592 0.305 0.649
FIG. 25. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲—heptane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve, 0.4070 0.2983 0.410 0.501
䊊—experimental data, Ref. 2, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 5, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 2 and 5. 0.4312 0.2197 0.478 0.406
0.4289 0.1314 0.550 0.281
References: 0.4072 0.0911 0.574 0.214
1
J. F. McCants, J. H. Jones, and W. H. Hopson, Ind. Eng. Chem. 45, 454 共1953兲. 0.3243 0.0413 0.556 0.118
2
A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41, 1144 共1969兲. 0.2689 0.0227 0.518 0.073
3
I. I. Rabinovich and P. P. Pugachevich, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 48, 2525 共1974兲. 0.1821 0.0092 0.414 0.035
4
V. S. Timofeev, V. Yu. Aristovich, I. I. Sabylin, V. A. Koshel’kov, T. G. Pavlenko, and L. A. Serafimov, Izv. Vyssh, Uchebn. 0.1193 0.0030 0.308 0.013
Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 18, 1219 共1975兲. 0.0928 0.0015 0.253 0.007
5
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲. 0.0448 0.0006 0.135 0.003
6
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I. Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, 0.0000 0.0002 0.000 0.001
New York, 1989兲.
7
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
t/ °F 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
100 310.9 0.1922 0.7009 0.1443 0.0024 0.138 0.839 0.357 0.010
0.3240 0.5227 0.2526 0.0209 0.261 0.702 0.500 0.069a兲
0.3064 0.5574 0.2385 0.0183 0.240 0.728 0.485 0.062b兲
0.1912 0.7503 0.0883 0.0013 0.131 0.857 0.243 0.006c兲
1115
1116
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41,
The titration method was used to obtain binodal curve. The 共1兲 Du Pont, refined; used as received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3855, C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 1144-9 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 602–5
samples of homogeneous binary mixture were placed in a d(75 °F,60 °F)⫽0.800. 共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴共1967兲兴.
constant temperature bath and titrated the third component to 共2兲 Philips, pure grade; used as received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3974, 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
the cloud point. Each sample was agitated in the constant d(75 °F,60 °F)⫽0.680.
third component. The temperatures of these systems were T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
refractive indexes were measured. refractive index ⫾0.0001; concentration ⫾0.001 mass %
The analytical method was used for tie lines. 共estimated by compiler兲. Experimental Data
共a兲 A ternary mixture of known composition was shaken for Compositions along the saturation curve
several hours in constant temperature bath and after both References:
phases were carefully separated and their refractive indexes 1
D. F. Othmer and P. E. Tobias, Ind. Eng. Chem. 34, 690 共1942兲. x1 x2
were determined. The intersections of the tie lines with the T/K
binodal curve were determined by refractive index t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
interpolations between points of known composition used to
determine the curve. 25 298.2 0.0000 0.9945 0.000 0.999
共b兲 The slopes of the tie lines were checked by determining tie 0.0861 0.9032 0.054 0.944
lines by the graphical application of the lever rule as described 0.1861 0.7742 0.125 0.867

in Ref. 1.
0.2275 0.7105 0.159 0.828
共c兲 The two phases were analyzed chemically for one or two
components. 0.2919 0.6059 0.219 0.758
0.3371 0.5212 0.270 0.696
0.4200 0.3240 0.405 0.521
0.4474 0.2305 0.482 0.414
0.4566 0.1585 0.546 0.316
0.4261 0.0889 0.592 0.206
0.3697 0.0504 0.589 0.134
0.3148 0.0307 0.560 0.091
0.2522 0.0161 0.506 0.054
0.1753 0.0059 0.407 0.023
0.1070 0.0016 0.284 0.007
0.0569 0.0006 0.167 0.003
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
25 298.2 0.0831 0.9063 0.0644 0.0008 0.052 0.946 0.186 0.004

0.1371 0.8372 0.0851 0.0009 0.089 0.906 0.236 0.004
0.2022 0.7489 0.1239 0.0023 0.138 0.852 0.318 0.010
0.2205 0.7218 0.1573 0.0045 0.153 0.835 0.378 0.018
0.2382 0.6956 0.2205 0.0110 0.168 0.818 0.470 0.039
0.2437 0.6859 0.2806 0.0221 0.173 0.812 0.533 0.070
0.2581 0.6632 0.3566 0.0447 0.186 0.797 0.584 0.122
0.2846 0.6168 0.4190 0.0821 0.212 0.766 0.594 0.194
0.3141 0.5690 0.4484 0.1175 0.242 0.731 0.579 0.253
0.3814 0.4205 0.4512 0.2150 0.334 0.614 0.496 0.394
0.4141 0.3451 0.4386 0.2689 0.390 0.542 0.450 0.460
0.4255 0.3090 0.4255 0.3090 0.417 0.505 0.417 0.505a
a
Critical solubility point.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; I. I. Rabinovich and P. P. Pugachevich, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 48,
The methods were reported in Ref. 1. The titration method 共1兲 source not specified, chemical pure grade; distilled; water C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 2525-7 共1974兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 48, 1491–3
was used to describe solubility of the mixtures. The third concentration was determined by the Karl Fischer method. 共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴共1974兲兴.
component was added to the binary homogenous mixture until 共2兲 source not specified; properties were the same as reported in 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
the cloudiness started to be observed. Density of the saturated Ref. 1.
mixtures was measured and put on the graphs. To obtain 共3兲 doubly distilled. Variables: Compiled by:
equilibrium ternary mixtures were stirred in thermostated T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz
vessel through several hours. After phase separation, density of Estimated Error:
each phase was measured and composition was determined Not reported.
from earlier prepared graphs. Concentration at critical point Experimental Data
was found by the method described in Ref. 2. Water include in References: Compositions of coexisting phases
1
propanol was taken into account in all measurements. A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
3018 共1966兲. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
2
hydrocarbon- water-

20.0 293.15 0.17 0.82 0.14 0.001 0.110 0.888 0.351 0.004
0.23 0.73 0.27 0.02 0.158 0.834 0.523 0.065
0.27 0.68 0.33 0.04 0.190 0.799 0.564 0.114
0.33 0.62 0.40 0.07 0.239 0.750 0.592 0.173
0.39 0.55 0.44 0.11 0.294 0.692 0.580 0.242

The authors described both branches of the solubility curve by the following equations obtained by the least-squares method.
x1⬘⫽0.6788⫺0.1927x 3⬘ ⫺49.0x 3⬘ 2
x ⬙1 ⫽0.0896⫹8.335x ⬙3 ⫺3689.0x ⬙3 2

Equilibrium data were obtained by the method reported in Ref. 共1兲 source not specified; chemically pure grade; used as received.
1. The method uses experimental data of phases’ density 共2兲 source not specified; chemically pure grade; used as received.
共measured in a three-capillary pycnometer兲 and the solubility 共3兲 doubly distilled.
curve 共obtained by the method reported in Ref. 2兲. Solubility
data were reported in the paper as the equations Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
References:
1
P. P. Pugachevich and I. I. Rabinovich, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 45, 2189
共1971兲.
2
P. P. Pugachevich and I. I. Rabinovich, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 46, 266
共1972兲.
1117
1118
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; V. S. Timofeev, V. Yu. Aristovich, I. I. Sabylin, V. A. 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Koshel’kov, T. G. Pavlenko, and L. A. Serafimov, Izv. Vyssh. C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 Ucheb. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 18, 1219–23 共1975兲. 共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴
Variables: Compiled by: Variables: Complied By:

T/K⫽348.7– 349.5 A. Skrzecz T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz

x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ w1 w2
t/°C
hydrocarbon- water- 共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲
t/°C hydrocarbon- water- rich phase rich phase
共compiler兲 T/K rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 25 298.2 0.155 0.003 0.376 0.012
0.253 0.016 0.507 0.053
76.3 349.5 0.101 0.888 0.153 0.036 0.0637 0.9342 0.3354 0.1316 0.349 0.040 0.583 0.111

76.1 349.3 0.118 0.865 0.169 0.059 0.0754 0.9214 0.3388 0.1972 0.422 0.082 0.597 0.193
75.9 349.1 0.151 0.823 0.192 0.056 0.0986 0.8963 0.3759 0.1828 0.434 0.092 0.595 0.210
75.5 348.7 0.173 0.798 0.223 0.062 0.1144 0.8799 0.4124 0.1912 0.486 0.163 0.563 0.315
76.2 349.4 0.430 0.330 0.430 0.330 0.4087 0.5230 0.4087 0.5230a 0.476 0.248 0.490 0.425
a
Critical solubility point. 0.425 0.432 0.358 0.606
0.212 0.750 0.144 0.848
The method is described in Ref. 1. Data are reported at the 共1兲 source not specified. x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
boiling point at 101.3 kPa together with liquid–liquid–vapor 共2兲 source not specified.
equilibrium data for the system. 共3兲 not specified. hydrocarbon- water-rich
Estimated Error: 共compiler兲 T/K rich phase phase 共complier兲共compiler兲
Not reported.
25 298.2 0.210 0.750 0.210 0.008 0.143 0.849 0.459 0.029
References: 0.146 0.828 0.135 0.013 0.095 0.900 0.328 0.053
1
V. A. Koshelkov, T. G. Pavlenko, V. S. Timofeev, and L. A.
Serafimov, Uch. Zap. Mosk. Inst. Tonkoi Khim. Tekhnol. 1, 44 0.095 0.889 0.068 0.001 0.060 0.937 0.195 0.005
共1971兲.

The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Merck, synthesis grade; dried with magnesium metal
determine the coexistence curve. The third component was activated with iodine, distilled.
The flask was immersed in a well controlled water bath and Estimated Error:
shaken continuously. Refractive indexes of these mixtures composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction for measured points, ⫾0.01
were measured at 298.3 K to ensure that separation did not mole fraction for tie-lines extremities in the worst case 共authors兲.
take place. Tie lines were determined from mixtures of known
composition in the immiscible region. The flasks were shaken References:
1
well and the phases allowed to separate. Refractive indexes of S. W. Briggs and E. W. Commings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
samples of both phases were measured and related to 共1943兲.
compositions on the coexistence curve. Each tie line was
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053–60 共1989兲. The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. A 共1兲 source not specified; used as received.
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10; binary mixture of known composition was titrated with the 共2兲 source not specified, recrystallized three times.
关106-42-3兴 third component until cloudiness was observed. Tie line 共3兲 not specified.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 compositions were related to the coexistence curve; water was
determined by the Karl Fischer titration. The methods were Estimated Error:
Variables: Compiled by: described in Ref. 1. comp. ⬍0.005 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ precision on
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz binodal curve兲, ⬍0.01 mole fraction 共estimated authors’
5.7. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ p-Xylene References:

1
T.M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
Experimental Data
w1 w2
t/°C

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.9997
0.083 0.889 0.050 0.945
0.157 0.798 0.099 0.892
0.277 0.626 0.196 0.783
0.358 0.474 0.287 0.672
0.413 0.351 0.374 0.562
0.441 0.251 0.451 0.454
0.442 0.167 0.517 0.345
0.408 0.099 0.558 0.239
0.315 0.045 0.537 0.136
0.260 0.028 0.497 0.095
0.194 0.014 0.425 0.054
0.138 0.006 0.341 0.026
0.050 0.000 0.149 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
共compiler兲 T/K rich phase phase 共complier兲共complier兲
25.0 298.2 0.314 0.039 0.142 0.009 0.544 0.119 0.344 0.039
0.426 0.123 0.078 0.004 0.547 0.279 0.217 0.020
0.439 0.250 0.052 0.003 0.451 0.453 0.153 0.016
0.385 0.418 0.038 0.002 0.326 0.624 0.115 0.011
0.228 0.702 0.024 0.001 0.153 0.833 0.075 0.006
1119
1120
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.05兲
共2兲Octane 共n-octane兲; C8H18; 关111-65-9兴
5.8. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Octane

system 1-propanol–octane–water is given in Table 52.
TABLE 52. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–octane–water

Timofeev et al., 1975 355–356 eq. 共5兲 2

a
FIG. 26. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲—octane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, dashed lines—
experimental tie lines, Ref. 1.
Saturation curve
References:
The system 1-propanol–octane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Only one binary pair of components, octane–water, is 1
partially miscible. The data for this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.3 The recom- 2
V. S. Timofeev, V. Yu. Aristovich, I. I. Sabylin, V. A. Koshel’kov, T. G Pavlenko, and L. A. Serafimov, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn.
mended values of mutual solubility of octane–water system at 298.2 K are: x ⬙2 ⫽1.1•10⫺7 and x ⬘2 ⫽0.9994. The solubility of water in
Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 18, 1219 共1975兲.
octane reported in Ref. 1 as 0.001 mass fraction 共equivalent to 0.006 mole fraction兲 is rejected because is inconsistent with recommended 3
value.3 Compositions along the saturation curve obtained by the titration method as well as compositions of phases in equilibrium are 共Pergamon, New York, 1989兲.
consistent at 298.2 K.1 Data reported by Timofeev et al.2 at very difficult experiments as vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria at 101.3 kPa and
at boiling temperatures 354.7–355.7 K, present a larger miscibility gap than at 298 K, which indicates error in the experimental method.
However they are consistent within the data set. On other hand, the data for the 1-propanol–octane–water system are consistent with the
data for the 1-propanol–nonane–water system measured and reported by Vorobeva and Karapetyants in the same paper.1
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 1-propanol–octane–water were reported in both references.
Composition of each phase was calculated from the density—composition curve of saturated mixtures prepared at the time of saturation
curve measurements. Compositions of phases in equilibrium reported in Ref. 2 were measured only at boiling temperatures and detailed
information about experimental procedures are not reported. Plait points were reported in both cases; at 298.2 K it is x 1 ⫽0.449 and
x 2 ⫽0.318 and at 355.7 K—x 1 ⫽0.540 and x 2 ⫽0.310. All experimental data are treated as tentative. To present system behavior, the data
at 298.2 K of Vorobeva and Karapetyant,1 are presented in Fig. 26.
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 1144–9 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 602–5 The methods were reported in Ref. 1. The titration method 共1兲 source not specified, chemical pure grade; distilled; water
共2兲 Octane 共n-octane兲; C8H18; 关111-65-9兴共1967兲兴. was used to describe solubility of the mixtures. The third concentration was determined by the Karl Fischer method.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 component was added to the binary homogenous mixture until 共2兲 source not specified; properties were the same as reported in
Variables: Compiled by: mixtures was measured and put on the graphs. To obtain 共3兲 doubly distilled.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz equilibrium ternary mixtures were stirred in thermostated
vessel through several hours. After phase separation, density of Estimated Error: Not reported.
each phase was measured and composition was determined
Experimental Data from earlier prepared graphs. Concentration at critical point References:
Compositions along the saturation curve was found by the method described in Ref. 2. Water include in 1
A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
propanol was taken into account in all measurements. 3018 共1966兲.
x1 x2 2
T/K
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9937 0.000 0.999

0.2561 0.6762 0.164 0.823

0.3799 0.4705 0.288 0.678
0.4697 0.2818 0.435 0.496
0.4910 0.2200 0.493 0.420
0.4996 0.1143 0.600 0.261
0.4961 0.1030 0.611 0.241
0.4746 0.0795 0.625 0.199
0.4294 0.0493 0.632 0.138
0.3673 0.0282 0.610 0.089
0.3171 0.0180 0.576 0.062
0.2337 0.0072 0.492 0.029
0.2226 0.0069 0.477 0.028
0.1749 0.0034 0.409 0.015
0.1572 0.0024 0.380 0.011
0.0933 0.0004 0.255 0.002
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-

t/°C 共compiler兲共complier兲共complier兲 rich phase rich phase
25 298.2 0.1044 0.8720 0.1232 0.0008 0.059 0.937 0.318 0.004

0.1161 0.8605 0.1765 0.0032 0.066 0.930 0.412 0.014
0.1221 0.8488 0.2319 0.0070 0.070 0.925 0.490 0.028
0.1537 0.8121 0.3456 0.0238 0.090 0.904 0.596 0.078
0.1785 0.7769 0.3996 0.0373 0.107 0.885 0.625 0.111
0.2082 0.7376 0.4358 0.0522 0.128 0.862 0.633 0.144
0.2823 0.6321 0.4987 0.1087 0.187 0.796 0.606 0.251
0.3688 0.4921 0.4977 0.1906 0.274 0.695 0.522 0.380
0.4050 0.4261 0.4847 0.2368 0.320 0.640 0.476 0.442
0.4169 0.3985 0.4798 0.2529 0.339 0.616 0.461 0.462
0.4495 0.3181 0.4495 0.3181 0.400 0.538 0.400 0.538a
a
1121
1122
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; V. S. Timofeev, V. Yu. Aristovich, I. I. Sabylin, V. A. 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203–
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Koshel’kov, T. G. Pavlenko, and L. A. Serafimov, Izv. Vyssh. C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 17 共1992兲.
共2兲 Octane 共n-octane兲; C8H18; 关111-65-9兴 Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 18, 1219–23 共1975兲. 共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12; 关108-67-8兴

Experimental Data
Compositions of coexisting phases 5.9. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Mesitylene
Experimental Data
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
w1 w2
hydrocarbon- water-
T/K
t/°C hydrocarbon- water- rich phase rich phase
共compiler兲 T/K rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

81.5 354.7 0.170 0.819 0.291 0.026 0.0983 0.8998 0.5338 0.0907
0.070 0.000 0.201 0.000

81.5 354.7 0.259 0.721 0.372 0.028 0.1584 0.8380 0.6148 0.0880
0.114 0.001 0.299 0.005
82.0 355.2 0.401 0.564 0.525 0.074 0.2703 0.7226 0.6680 0.1790
0.165 0.006 0.388 0.028
82.2 355.4 0.452 0.491 0.549 0.138 0.3223 0.6655 0.6065 0.2898
0.179 0.008 0.408 0.036
82.5 355.7 0.540 0.310 0.540 0.310 0.4599 0.5018 0.4599 0.5018a
0.220 0.016 0.457 0.067
a
Critical solubility point. 0.295 0.037 0.518 0.130
0.379 0.081 0.539 0.230
Auxilliary Information 0.424 0.141 0.507 0.337
0.435 0.218 0.446 0.447
0.420 0.333 0.362 0.574
The method is described in Ref. 1. Data are reported at the 共1兲 source not specified.
0.381 0.444 0.288 0.672
boiling point at 101.3 kPa together with liquid–liquid–vapor 共2兲 source not specified.
equilibrium data for the system. 共3兲 not specified. 0.300 0.601 0.196 0.785
0.175 0.789 0.099 0.895
Estimated Error: 0.092 0.880 0.049 0.946
Not reported. 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
References:
1
V. A. Koshelkov, T. G. Pavlenko, V. S. Timofeev, and L. A. Compositions of coexisting phases
Serafimov, Uch. Zap. Mosk. Inst. Tonkoi Khim. Tekhnol. 1, 44
共1971兲. x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.177 0.782 0.055 0.000 0.101 0.892 0.163 0.000
0.289 0.615 0.070 0.000 0.187 0.795 0.201 0.000
0.352 0.503 0.087 0.000 0.251 0.718 0.241 0.000
0.422 0.320 0.098 0.001 0.370 0.562 0.265 0.005
0.434 0.256 0.105 0.001 0.418 0.493 0.280 0.005
0.425 0.159 0.117 0.002 0.490 0.366 0.304 0.010
0.380 0.090 0.135 0.003 0.529 0.250 0.338 0.015
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.04兲
formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.79979, n 共2兲 Nonane 共n-nonane兲; C9H20 ; 关111-84-2兴
a known mass of one component to a mixture of known ⫽1.3837. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc.
5.10. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Nonane
Fischer titrations as reported in Ref. 3. Estimated Error: Critical Evaluation:
A survey of reported in the literature compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in
equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the system 1-propanol–nonane–water is given in Table 53.
References:
1
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heward, J. TABLE 53. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–nonane–water
2
共1943兲.
3

Koshelkov et al., 1974 359–363 eq. 共10兲 2
a
Number of expermental points in parentheses.
Saturation curve
The system 1-propanol–nonane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Only one binary pair of components, nonane–water, is
partially miscible. The data for this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volumes, Ref. 3. The
recommended values of mutual solubility of the nonane–water system at 298 K are: x 2⬙ ⫽2.4•10⫺8 and x 2⬘ ⫽0.999 44. The solubility of
water in nonane reported in Ref. 1 as 0.001 mass fraction 共with the accuracy of ⫾0.001 of mass fraction equivalent to 0.007 mole fraction兲
is rejected. Data reported by Koshelkov et al.2 represent vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria at boiling temperatures 358.7–363.2 K 共pressure
101.3 kPa兲. Temperatures were estimated from the authors’ graph. Compositions of the nonane-rich phase in the region x 1 ⬎0.18 seems
to form a larger miscibility gap than at 298 K, which indicates an error in the experimental method of Ref. 2. Compositions at 298.2 K
along the saturation curve obtained by titration method as well as compositions of phases in equilibrium are consistent in Ref. 1. These
data are also consistent with the data of the 1-propanol–octane–water system reported by Vorobeva and Karapetyants in the same paper.1
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 1-propanol–nonane–water were reported in both references.
Composition of each phase was calculated from density-composition curve of saturated mixtures prepared at the time of saturation curve
measurements. Compositions of phases in equilibrium reported in Ref. 2 were measured only at boiling temperatures and detailed
information about experimental procedures are not reported. A plait point reported at 298.2 K is x 1 ⫽0.486 and x 2 ⫽0.318 mole fraction.
All experimental data are treated as tentative. To present the system behavior, the data at 298.2 K of Vorobeva and Karapetyant,1 are
presented in Fig. 27.
1123
1124
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41,
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 1144–9 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 602–5
共2兲 Nonane 共n-nonane兲; C9H20; 关111-84-2兴共1967兲兴.

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9929 0.000 0.999

0.1815 0.7873 0.097 0.898
0.3324 0.5726 0.210 0.772

0.3750 0.5145 0.249 0.729
FIG. 27. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol 共1兲—nonane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, dashed 0.4487 0.3806 0.342 0.619
lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 1. 0.5288 0.2254 0.488 0.444
0.5516 0.1481 0.576 0.330
References: 0.5404 0.0906 0.640 0.229
1
2
V. A. Koshelkov, T. G. Pavlenko, V. N. Titova, V. S. Timofeev, and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. Altai. Politekh. Inst. im. I. I. Polzunova 0.3356 0.0134 0.600 0.051
41, 84 共1974兲. 0.2336 0.0046 0.495 0.021
3
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 38, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part II: Hydrocarbons C8 to C36 0.1524 0.0011 0.373 0.006
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- Water-
25 298.2 0.1105 0.8698 0.1386 0.0007 0.056 0.941 0.348 0.004

0.1288 0.8516 0.2147 0.0036 0.066 0.931 0.470 0.017
0.1496 0.8248 0.2989 0.0099 0.078 0.918 0.567 0.040
0.1856 0.7773 0.4346 0.0313 0.100 0.894 0.657 0.101
0.2059 0.7515 0.4562 0.0381 0.113 0.880 0.662 0.118
0.2779 0.6543 0.5419 0.0942 0.164 0.824 0.636 0.236
0.3222 0.5918 0.5543 0.1228 0.200 0.784 0.607 0.287
0.3620 0.5310 0.5530 0.1638 0.237 0.742 0.560 0.354
0.4081 0.4586 0.5390 0.2047 0.286 0.686 0.512 0.415
0.4217 0.4343 0.5333 0.2192 0.303 0.666 0.496 0.435
0.4326 0.4131 0.5275 0.2368 0.318 0.648 0.478 0.458
0.4487 0.3806 0.5165 0.2596 0.342 0.619 0.454 0.487
0.4858 0.3182 0.4858 0.3182 0.397 0.555 0.397 0.555a
a
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; V. A. Koshelkov, T. G. Pavlenko, V. N. Titova, V. S. Timofeev,
The methods were reported in Ref. 1. The titration method 共1兲 source not specified, chemical pure grade; distilled; water C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. Altai. Politekh. Inst. im. I. I. Polzunova
was used to describe solubility of the mixtures. The third concentration was determined by the Karl Fischer method. 共2兲 Nonane 共n-nonane兲; C9H20; 关111-84-2兴 41, 84–92 共1974兲.
component was added to the binary homogenous mixture until 共2兲 source not specified; properties were the same as reported in 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
mixtures was measured and put on the graphs. To obtain 共3兲 doubly distilled. Variables: Compiled by:
equilibrium ternary mixtures were stirred in thermostated T/K⫽359– 363 A. Skrzecz
vessel through several hours. After phase separation, density of Estimated Error:
each phase was measured and composition was determined Not reported.
from earlier prepared graphs. Concentration at critical point Experimental Data
was found by the method described in Ref. 2. Water include in References: Compositions of coexisting phases
1
propanol was taken into account in all measurements. A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
3018 共1966兲. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
2
hydrocarbon- Water-

90.0 363.2 0.040 0.951 0.101 0.009 0.019 0.979 0.261 0.050
87.0 360.2 0.091 0.897 0.171 0.018 0.045 0.953 0.378 0.085
86.0 359.2 0.131 0.851 0.243 0.021 0.067 0.930 0.478 0.088
85.5 358.7 0.182 0.797 0.321 0.038 0.096 0.900 0.540 0.136
86.0 359.2 0.435 0.505 0.488 0.052 0.284 0.704 0.662 0.151
88.0 361.2 0.475 0.450 0.543 0.102 0.326 0.659 0.626 0.251

The method was not specified. Experiments were made at 共1兲 source not specified.
boiling temperatures of mixtures. Temperatures were read and 共2兲 source not specified.
estimated by the compiler from the authors’ graphs. 共3兲 source not specified.
Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.5 K 共compiler兲.
1125
1126
TABLE 55. Calculated composition along the saturation curve at 293.2 K
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of x1 x2 x1 x2
⫺9
共2兲 Decane 共n-decane兲; C10H22; 关124-18-5兴 0.0000 2.5•10 Ref. 3 0.4329 0.4600
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.3825 0.0100 0.4181 0.4800
0.4649 0.0200 0.4032 0.5000
0.5371 0.0400 0.3880 0.5200
5.11. 1-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Decane 0.5707 0.0600 0.3726 0.5400
system 1-propanol–decane–water is given in Table 54. 0.6017 0.1200 0.3255 0.6000
0.6017 0.1400 0.3096 0.6200
TABLE 54. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-propanol–decane–water 0.5990 0.1600 0.2934 0.6400
0.5942 0.1800 0.2772 0.6600
0.5800 0.2200 0.2444 0.7000
Dubovskaya and Karapetyants, 1968 293 sat. 共17兲, eq. 共4兲 1
0.5711 0.2400 0.2278 0.7200
Mahers and Dawe, 1986 293 sat. 共78兲, eq. 共12兲 2
0.5613 0.2600 0.2111 0.7400

a 0.5507 0.2800 0.1944 0.7600
0.5394 0.3000 0.1775 0.7800
0.5276 0.3200 0.1606 0.8000
Compositions along the saturation curve of the 1-propanol–decane–water system were obtained at 293.2 K by titration method, Refs. 0.5024 0.3600 0.1266 0.8400
1 and 2. All experimental solubility data at 293.2 K are presented in Fig. 1. Only one binary pair of components, decane–water, is 0.4891 0.3800 0.1094 0.8600
partially miscible. Experimental values of mutual solubilities in this binary system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously 0.4755 0.4000 0.0922 0.8800
published SDS Volume, Ref. 3. At 293 K the tentative value for solubility of decane in water was reported to be x ⬙2 ⫽2.5•10⫺9 while for 0.4616 0.4200 0.0750 0.9000
solubility of water in decane reasonable data were not accessible; they are expected by the evaluator to be about x 3⬘ ⫽6•10⫺4 mole 0.4474 0.4400 0.0577 0.9200
fraction. Mutual solubilities of decane and water were not reported in the papers evaluated in Ref. 3. Compositions of four points in the
water-rich phase at the lowest 1-propanol concentration were reported to be decane free,2 which suggests that 1-propanol is only partially
soluble in water. These numerical results are the consequence of the limited sensitivity of experimental measurements 共reading the Phase in equilibrium
equilibrium phase composition from previously obtained curves of refractive index and density along the saturation curve兲. The concen- Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium of the ternary system 1-propanol–decane–water were reported in two references.
tration of the decane-rich phase 共Ref. 2兲 in the range of x 2 ⬎0.83 appears to contain errors since it is inconsistent with the expected Similar experimental procedures were used in both references; when the equilibrium was reached then the phases were separated and the
concentration of the binary mixture. The other experimental points of both types are consistent with one another and were fitted to the densities1,2 and refractive indexes2 of each phase were measured. The tie lines in each reference cover the whole area of the miscibility
equation: gap, but they are inconsistent with one another; the directions of the tie lines are quite different although the compositions of phases in
x1⫽1.009 02⫹0.133 81 ln共x2兲⫺1.031 32x 2 ⫺0.010 20x 22 . equilibrium are located on the saturation curve. On the basis of tie lines consistency in a series 1-propanol–alkane–water systems,4 the
The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0153. 共The parameters describe equilibrium data of Mahers and Dawe2 appear to be more reasonable because they are similar to other systems. The equilibrium data of
experimental data which are in the region of 0.01–0.92 mole fraction of decane.兲 Points on the saturation curve calculated in the range Dubovskaya and Karapetyants1 are rejected.
of experimental data by the proposed equation are presented in Table 55 and in Fig. 28. The plait point estimated by Mahers and Dawe, Ref. 2, is x 1 ⫽0.529, x 2 ⫽0.299.
共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; A. S. Dubovskaya and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Tr. Inst.-Mosk.
C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴 Khim.-Tekhnol. Inst. im. D. I. Mendeleeva 58, 92–7 共1968兲.
共2兲 Decane 共n-decane兲; C10H22; 关124-18-5兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
20.0 293.2 0.1537 0.8210 0.0730 0.9234

0.2753 0.6846 0.1443 0.8494

0.3671 0.5618 0.2136 0.7740
0.4342 0.4577 0.2801 0.6990
0.4846 0.3702 0.3450 0.6240
FIG. 28. Phase diagram of the system 1-propanol共1兲—decane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturated curve, 0.5321 0.3063 0.4075 0.5554
䊊—experimental results of Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 2. 0.5645 0.2478 0.4675 0.4859
0.5884 0.1978 0.5250 0.4178
References: 0.5974 0.1526 0.5780 0.3495
1
A. S. Dubovskaya and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Tr. Inst.-Mosk., Khim.-Tekhnol. Inst. im. D. I. Mendeleeva 58, 92 共1968兲. 0.6018 0.1154 0.6270 0.2847
2
E. G. Mahers and R. A. Dawe, J. Chem. Eng. Data 31, 28 共1986兲 0.5846 0.0819 0.6655 0.2207
3
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 38, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part II; Hydrocarbons C8 to C36 0.5327 0.0552 0.6770 0.1660
共Pergamon, New York, 1989兲. 0.4548 0.0278 0.6730 0.0975
4
0.2886 0.0079 0.5570 0.0360
0.1648 0.0022 0.3927 0.0123
0.1369 0.0009 0.3444 0.0052
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
20.0 293.2 0.2461 0.7087 0.1998 0.0030 0.1270 0.8660 0.4480 0.0160
0.2721 0.6895 0.3304 0.0112 0.1420 0.8520 0.5960 0.0480
0.3574 0.5731 0.5049 0.0426 0.2060 0.7820 0.6810 0.1360
0.5758 0.2403 0.5758 0.2403 0.4800 0.4740 0.4800 0.4740a
a
Critical point extrapolated by the authors, by Alekseev’s method, Ref. 1.
1127
1128
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Propanol 共n-propanol, propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol兲; E. G. Mahers and R. A. Dawe, J. Chem. Eng. Data 31, 28–31
The titration method was used to determine the solubility 共1兲 source not specified; d(20 °C,20 °C)⫽0.805, n(20 °C,D) C3H8O; 关71-23-8兴共1986兲.
curve. Binary hydrocarbon–alcohol mixtures were titrated with ⫽1.3858. 共2兲 Decane 共n-decane兲; C10H22; 关124-18-5兴
water until turbidity was observed, as described in Ref. 1. The 共2兲 source not specified; d(20 °C,20 °C)⫽0.730, n(20 °C,D) 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
relationship of density versus composition of saturated mixture ⫽1.4119.
was used later to calculate equilibrium. The method was tested 共3兲 double distilled. Variables: Compiled by:
on the ethanol–heptane–water system and the results were in T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz
agreement with literature data. The analytical method was used Estimated Error:
to determine liquid–liquid equilibria. A binary mixture of temp. ⫾0.1 K; conc. ⫾0.0001.
known composition was placed in a special thermostated Experimental Data
vessel and the third component was added to obtain a References: Compositions along the saturation curve
two-phase mixture. This mixture was agitated for 3–4 h to 1
ensure equilibrium. The mixture was allowed to stand 1–2 h x1 x2
to became clear and then both phases were taken for density T/K
measurements. On the basis the previously constructed t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
relationship of density versus composition of the saturated
mixture, the composition of the mixture in equilibrium was 20.00 293.15 0.1629 0.0004 0.3930 0.0020
calculated. 0.1782 0.0004 0.4190 0.0020
0.1821 0.0005 0.4250 0.0030

0.2012 0.0007 0.4550 0.0040
0.2045 0.0008 0.4600 0.0040
0.2067 0.0009 0.4630 0.0050
0.2097 0.0011 0.4670 0.0060
0.2154 0.0010 0.4760 0.0050
0.2222 0.0014 0.4850 0.0070
0.2310 0.0016 0.4970 0.0080
0.2378 0.0018 0.5060 0.0090
0.2441 0.0020 0.5140 0.0100
0.2516 0.0020 0.5240 0.0100
0.2528 0.0018 0.5260 0.0090
0.2566 0.0022 0.5300 0.0110
0.2667 0.0027 0.5420 0.0130
0.2882 0.0037 0.5660 0.0170
0.2942 0.0032 0.5740 0.0150
0.3008 0.0044 0.5790 0.0200
0.3079 0.0049 0.5860 0.0220
0.3148 0.0052 0.5910 0.0230
0.3246 0.0055 0.6020 0.0240
0.3379 0.0067 0.6140 0.0290
0.1650 0.0072 0.6400 0.0300
0.3711 0.0080 0.6440 0.0230
0.3932 0.0095 0.6610 0.0380
0.4086 0.0101 0.6730 0.0400
0.4116 0.0109 0.6760 0.0420
0.4309 0.0125 0.6870 0.0470
0.4410 0.0146 0.6920 0.0540
0.4569 0.0169 0.6980 0.0610
0.4619 0.0164 0.7030 0.0590
0.4700 0.0192 0.7030 0.0680
0.4823 0.0225 0.7050 0.0780
0.4842 0.0213 0.7090 0.0740
0.4931 0.0253 0.7070 0.0860
0.5059 0.0283 0.7100 0.0940
0.5085 0.0297 0.7090 0.0980
0.5264 0.0333 0.7140 0.1070
0.5304 0.0341 0.7150 0.1090
0.5324 0.0374 0.7100 0.1180
0.5380 0.0372 0.7140 0.1170
0.5517 0.0452 0.7090 0.1370
0.5611 0.0506 0.7050 0.1500 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
0.5641 0.0526 0.7020 0.1550
hydrocarbon- water-
0.5724 0.0538 0.7050 0.1570 T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-
0.5782 0.0627 0.6930 0.1780 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
0.5868 0.0658 0.6920 0.1840
0.5890 0.0720 0.6840 0.1980 20.00 293.15 0.0000 1.0000 0.0357 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.1100 0.0000
0.5973 0.0726 0.6880 0.1980 0.0446 0.9182 0.0578 0.0000 0.0200 0.9750 0.1700 0.0000
0.5951 0.0824 0.6710 0.2200 0.0554 0.9077 0.0780 0.0000 0.0250 0.9700 0.2200 0.0000
0.6020 0.0950 0.6560 0.2450 0.0869 0.8768 0.1390 0.0000 0.0400 0.9550 0.3500 0.0000
0.6113 0.0973 0.6580 0.2480 0.0972 0.8668 0.1825 0.0009 0.0450 0.9500 0.4250 0.0050
0.6054 0.1075 0.6400 0.2690 0.1073 0.8569 0.2331 0.0016 0.0500 0.9450 0.5000 0.0080
0.6043 0.1202 0.6220 0.2930 0.1171 0.8471 0.3367 0.0058 0.0550 0.9400 0.6150 0.0250
0.6064 0.1312 0.6090 0.3120 0.1272 0.8374 0.3734 0.0086 0.0600 0.9350 0.6450 0.0350
0.6030 0.1426 0.5910 0.3320 0.2198 0.7469 0.5718 0.0571 0.1100 0.8850 0.7000 0.1650
0.6022 0.1521 0.5810 0.3480 0.2865 0.6519 0.6049 0.1002 0.1550 0.8350 0.6500 0.2550

0.6026 0.1541 0.5790 0.3510 0.3813 0.5105 0.6057 0.1638 0.2350 0.7450 0.5700 0.3650
0.5967 0.1710 0.5570 0.3780 0.529 0.299 0.529 0.299 0.410 0.550 0.410 0.550a
0.6029 0.1702 0.5620 0.3750 a
Estimated by the authors.
0.5899 0.1865 0.5370 0.4020
0.5691 0.2309 0.4840 0.4650
0.5582 0.2580 0.4560 0.4990 The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. The 共1兲 BDH, AnalaR grade; used as received; n(20 °C,D)
0.5428 0.2774 0.4310 0.5240 mass of each component added to the mixture was determined ⫽1.385 32, ␳ (20 °C)⫽803.9 kg/m3.
0.5170 0.3162 0.3930 0.5690 on an electronic balance. From the water-side of the system to 共2兲 Koch-Light Ltd.; used as received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.412 13,
10 mL of water 1 drop of decane was added and then the ␳ (20 °C)⫽710.0 kg/m3.
0.4906 0.3610 0.3530 0.6150
mixture was titrated with 1-propanol until the mixture became 共3兲 distilled.
0.4956 0.3681 0.3520 0.6190 homogenous. The decane-rich side of the system was
0.4601 0.4079 0.3140 0.6590 determined similarly but starting with 10 mL of decane and Estimated Error:
0.4262 0.4601 0.2750 0.7030 adding water and 1-propanol. The refractive indexes and temp. ⫾0.05 C.
0.3880 0.5187 0.2360 0.7470 densities along the binodal curve were measured for selected
compositions. The tie lines were determined by the analytical
0.3669 0.5485 0.2170 0.7680
method. Two-phase mixtures were shaken well, then allowed
0.2707 0.6788 0.1410 0.8490 to settle and samples of each phase were taken for analysis.
0.2180 0.7486 0.1090 0.8860 Composition of equilibrium phases were derived from the
0.0792 0.8915 0.0360 0.9600 refractive index and density curves.
1129
6. 2-PropanolⴙWater TABLE 57. Calculated composition along the saturation curve at 298.2 K
1130
x1 x2 x1 x2
0.0000 0.000 409 Ref. 12 0.3472 0.4800
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. Skrzecz. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of 0.0564 0.0010 0.3418 0.5000
关67-63-0兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.04兲
0.1575 0.0100 0.3357 0.5200
0.1911 0.0200 0.3288 0.5400
共3兲Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
0.2287 0.0400 0.3212 0.5600
0.2535 0.0600 0.3128 0.5800
0.2727 0.0800 0.3037 0.6000
6.1. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene 0.2884 0.1000 0.2939 0.6200
distribution of ethanol between phases 共distr.兲 for the system 2-propanol–benzene–water is given in Table 56. 0.3233 0.1600 0.2603 0.6800
0.3319 0.1800 0.2476 0.7000
TABLE 56. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-propanol–benzene–water 0.3393 0.2000 0.2342 0.7200
0.3456 0.2200 0.2202 0.7400
0.3510 0.2600 0.1899 0.7800
Perrakis, 1925 292 sat. 共11兲 1 0.3587 0.2800 0.1737 0.8000
sat. 共16兲, distr. 共15兲 0.3612 0.3000 0.1568 0.8200

Olsen and Washburn, 1935 298 2
Leikola, 1940 293 sat. 共4兲 3 0.3629 0.3200 0.1393 0.8400
0.3637 0.3400 0.1210 0.8600
Udovenko and Mazanko, 1964 292–343 sat. 共48兲, eq. 共45兲 4
0.3637 0.3600 0.1020 0.8800
Morachevskii and Legochkina, 1965 293–340 eq. 共35兲 5
0.3629 0.3800 0.0810 0.9000
Udovenko and Mazanko, 1967 303–323 eq. 共23兲 6 0.3613 0.4000 0.0620 0.9200
Nikurashina and Sinegubova, 1973 298 sat. 共18兲, eq. 共22兲 7 0.3589 0.4200 0.0409 0.9400
Udovenko et al., 1985 340 eq. 共9兲 8 0.3558 0.4400 0.0191 0.9600
Rajendran et al., 1989 303 sat. 共15兲, eq. 共6兲 9 0.3519 0.4600 0.0000 0.9970 Ref. 12
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. No large differences in the maximum 2-propanol concentration were observed with temperature. The maximum 2-propanol concentration
in benzene-rich phase of this ternary system at 298.2 K was measured to be x 1 ⫽0.371,7 and x 1 ⫽0.38,10 the value x 1 ⫽0.41 reported in
Ref. 2 seems to be too large.
Saturation curve
The ternary system 2-propanol–benzene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Ten references describes this system over the tempera-
ture range 292–343 K. The data are evaluated on the basis of the original papers with the exception of data of Leikola,3 which were taken
from the handbook of Kafarov.11 Experimental points reported in all ten papers are in general agreement. The data of Letcher et al.10
were presented in graphical form only and therefore are not given as a compilation sheet. Only one binary system, benzene–water, is
partially miscible. The data for this system were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.12 The
recommended values of mutual solubility at 298.2 K12 are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9970 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000409. Olsen and Washburn2 and Rajendran et al.9
reported mutual solubility for the binary system. These values at 298.2 K2 and at 303.2 K9 are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9970, x 2⬙ ⫽0.0003 and x 2⬘
⫽0.9961, x 2⬙ ⫽0.0043, respectively. The experimental results for the 2-propanol–benzene–water system of Perraksis1 at 292 K are in
agreement with other data sets, but the results for other alcohol–benzene–water systems reported in Ref. 1 differed very much from the
recommended values. Therefore these data are not compiled. Data reported by Olsen and Washburn2 at 298 K present a larger miscibility
gap 共by about 0.05 mole fraction兲 than any other data at a similar temperature. This was observed in the range x 2 ⫽0.014– 0.58. The two
points of lowest 2-propanol concentration in benzene-rich phase at 303 K, Rajendran et al.9 are not located on the expected binodal curve.
This is presumably the result of an experimental error. 共Compositions are expected to contain of about 0.01 mole fraction less water.兲
Therefore the data of Refs. 2 and 9 are rejected. Udovenko and Mazanko4 report five solubility–temperature curves of constant alcohol–
benzene ratio and another four curves of constant alcohol–water ratio over the temperature range 292–343 K. These were used by the
authors to construct solubility isotherms at 303, 318, and 333 K. Morachevskii and Legochkina5 report equilibrium data in the temperature
range 307–339 K. No significant compositional differences with temperature were observed on the binodal curve on the basis of these
data sets. Saturation points at boiling temperatures as a function of pressure are also presented. The influence of composition on boiling
temperature over two liquid phases at constant pressure is very weak; it changes no more than 0.5 K. All saturation data are treated as
tentative. The temperature of 298.2 K was chosen to present the behavior of the system since several studies included this standard
temperature. Saturation and equilibrium data of Nikurashina and Sinegubova7 (0.0004⬍x 2 ⬍0.9635), including water-rich and
hydrocarbon-rich branches were described by the equation: FIG. 29. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲—benzene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve,
x1⫽0.346 81⫹0.042 11 ln共x2兲⫹0.470 10x 2 ⫺0.843 39x 22 . 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 2, 䊐—experimental data, Ref. 7, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 2.
The least-squares method was used and the standard error of estimate was 0.0125. The compositions on the saturation curve calculated by
the proposed equation are presented in Table 57 for selected concentrations of benzene in the mixture. The results of calculations 共solid
line兲 are presented graphically in Fig. 29 together with all experimental data reported at 298.2 K.
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium of the ternary system 2-propanol–benzene–water were reported in seven references in
the temperature range 293–340 K as 17 isotherms. The lines cover the full miscibility gap. Udovenko et al.4,6,8 and Morachevskii and Components: Original Measurements:
Legochikina5 report the equilibrium data over the temperature range 303–340 K and 293–339 K, respectively. At various temperatures, 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. L. Olsen and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57, 303–5
tie lines systematically change direction slightly according to the final position of plait points. For constant water-phase composition, the 关67-63-0兴共1935兲.
benzene-rich phase in equilibrium contains less benzene at higher temperature. Reported data are consistent within each data set but 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴
several points are inconsistent between data sets, e.g., Ref. 4 at 303.2 K the composition of water-rich phase 共x 1 ⫽0.3251 and x 2 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
⫽0.4885兲 contains more alcohol than expected. Equilibrium data of Morachevskii and Legochkina at 293.2 K,5 and Nikurashina and
Sinegubova at 298.2 K,7 are inconsistent with one another. All equilibrium data are treated as tentative. Plait point composition, reported Variables: Compiled by:
in Refs. 4,7,10 and presented in Table 58 changes only slightly with temperature and contains less 2-propanol and more water at higher
temperatures 共concentration of benzene is nearly constant兲. This behavior is also confirmed by weak systematical changes of tie lines
directions.5 All experimental points at 298.2 K, both saturation and phases in equilibrium2,7 are presented in Fig. 29. Experimental Data
TABLE 58. Experimental plait points for the system 2-propanol–benzene–water
x1 x2
T/K x1 x2 Ref. T/K
298.2 0.2299 0.0496 7
24.8 298.0 0.0000 0.9970 0.0000 0.9993
298.2 0.22 0.05 10
0.1527 0.8448 0.1220 0.8774
303.2 0.2248 0.0456 4

0.2081 0.7629 0.1722 0.8206
318.2 0.2188 0.0478 4
0.3144 0.5816 0.2854 0.6863
333.2 0.1970 0.0417 4
0.3930 0.4606 0.3795 0.5781
0.4115 0.3066 0.4600 0.4455
References: 0.4005 0.2163 0.5028 0.3530
1
N. Perrakis, J. Chim. Phys. 22, 280 共1925兲.
0.3669 0.1627 0.5100 0.2940
2
A. L. Olsen and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57, 303 共1935兲.
0.3570 0.1453 0.5136 0.2717
3
E. Leikola, Suomen Kemistil B 13, 13 共1940兲.
0.3249 0.1172 0.5042 0.2363
4
V. V. Udovenko and T. F. Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 38, 2984 共1964兲.
0.2737 0.0769 0.4816 0.1759
5
A. G. Morachevskii and L. A. Legochkina, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 38, 1789 共1965兲.
0.1956 0.0314 0.4179 0.0871
6
V. V. Udovenko and T. F. Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41, 395 共1967兲.
0.1729 0.0213 0.3911 0.0625
7
N. I. Nikurashina and S. I. Sinegubova, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 43, 2100 共1973兲.
0.1290 0.0067 0.3251 0.0221
8
V. V. Udovenko, T. F. Mazanko, and V. Ya. Plyngeu, Izv. Akad. Nauk Mold. SSR, Ser. Biol. Khim. Nauk 3, 52 共1985兲.
0.0922 0.0023 0.2516 0.0080
9
M. Rajendran, S. Renganarayanan, and D. Srinivasan, Fluid Phase Equilib. 50, 133 共1989兲.
0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0015 data taken from Ref. 4.
10
11
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk
Distribution of 2-propanol in 2-propanol–benzene–water system
12
w ⬘1 w ⬙1
New York, 1989兲.
25.0 298.2 0.008 0.029

0.015 0.058
0.023 0.088
0.033 0.113
0.049 0.141
0.089 0.179
0.150 0.209
0.198 0.228
0.261 0.243
0.301 0.256
0.348 0.267
0.389 0.279
0.419 0.285
0.443 0.297
0.459 0.302
1131
1132
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; V. V. Udovenko and T. F. Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 38, 2984–8
The titration method was used. The method was described in 共1兲 source not specified; refluxed over lime, distilled; d(25 °C) 关67-63-0兴共1964兲关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 38, 1626–9 共1964兲兴.
Refs. 1,2,3. The mixtures were titrated at 24.8 °C in order that ⫽0.780 87. 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴
the slight excess necessary for the recognition of the end 共2兲 source not specified; purified; d(25 °C)⫽0.873 44. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
point, might be dissolved at 25.00 °C, the temperature at 共3兲 ‘‘conductivity water’’.
which the refractive indexes were determinated. The plot of Variables: Compiled By:
refractive index against composition was used to find Estimated Error: T/K⫽292– 343 A. Skrzecz
compositions of equilibrium phases. Phase equilibrium data Not reported.
were reported in incomplete form; only distribution of alcohol
between water and benzene was reported. 20 mL of benzene Reference: Experimental Data
1
and 20 mL of water were pipetted into glass stoppered bottles E. R. Washburn, V. Hnizda, and R. Vold, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
and varying amounts of alcohol were added to the mixture. 53, 3237 共1931兲.
2 x1 x2 w1 w2
The flasks were suspended in the thermostated water bath for a R. Vold and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4217
T/K
period of 24 h and occasionally shaking. After separation the 共1932兲.
3 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
layers were analyzed by means of refractometer and E. R. Washburn and H. C. Spencer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 361
concentrations of alcohol were reported. 共1934兲. 18.92 292.07 0.0559 0.0005 0.1647 0.0018
4
International Critical Tables, Vol. 3 共McGraw-Hill, New York, 25.18 298.33 0.0559 0.0007 0.1646 0.0027
1929兲, p. 389. 35.88 309.03 0.0559 0.0011 0.1643 0.0041
45.15 318.30 0.0559 0.0013 0.1642 0.0051

56.00 329.15 0.0558 0.0017 0.1639 0.0064
64.72 337.87 0.0558 0.0019 0.1638 0.0074
19.80 292.95 0.1111 0.0038 0.2912 0.0131
28.85 302.00 0.1109 0.0053 0.2898 0.0179
39.86 313.01 0.1108 0.0067 0.2884 0.0228
51.66 324.81 0.1106 0.0085 0.2867 0.0285
69.39 342.54 0.1103 0.0111 0.2841 0.0373
21.95 295.10 0.1960 0.0298 0.4199 0.0829
27.98 301.13 0.1956 0.0317 0.4176 0.0880
41.00 314.15 0.1949 0.0355 0.4131 0.0979
51.12 324.27 0.1946 0.0372 0.4111 0.1023
57.51 330.66 0.1941 0.0395 0.4084 0.1081
66.70 339.85 0.1937 0.0413 0.4063 0.1126
20.81 293.96 0.2809 0.0814 0.4861 0.1831
30.83 303.98 0.2802 0.0837 0.4834 0.1876
46.39 319.54 0.2794 0.0863 0.4803 0.1928
62.42 335.57 0.2784 0.0892 0.4768 0.1986
68.55 341.70 0.2778 0.0915 0.4742 0.2030
22.00 295.15 0.1807 0.7695 0.1511 0.8364
34.20 307.35 0.1797 0.7651 0.1509 0.8352
48.13 321.28 0.1789 0.7618 0.1507 0.8343
57.35 330.50 0.1780 0.7584 0.1505 0.8334
68.78 341.93 0.1775 0.7563 0.1504 0.8328
19.72 292.87 0.2880 0.5816 0.2659 0.6980
30.70 303.85 0.2867 0.5790 0.2656 0.6971
41.50 314.65 0.2856 0.5768 0.2653 0.6964
50.45 323.60 0.2843 0.5740 0.2650 0.6954
65.37 338.52 0.2818 0.5691 0.2643 0.6938
19.90 293.05 0.3675 0.3359 0.4115 0.4889
35.10 308.25 0.3637 0.3324 0.4101 0.4872
42.90 316.05 0.3622 0.3312 0.4095 0.4866
50.88 324.03 0.3596 0.3286 0.4085 0.4853
60.41 333.56 0.3566 0.3260 0.4073 0.4840
19.20 292.35 0.3592 0.1828 0.4893 0.3237
28.25 301.40 0.3562 0.1813 0.4876 0.3226
43.75 316.90 0.3511 0.1787 0.4847 0.3207
54.51 327.66 0.3469 0.1766 0.4823 0.3191
64.75 337.90 0.3421 0.1741 0.4795 0.3172
19.01 292.16 0.2591 0.0682 0.4716 0.1614
28.25 301.40 0.2530 0.0666 0.4655 0.1593
31.93 305.08 0.2488 0.0655 0.4612 0.1578
41.49 314.64 0.2424 0.0639 0.4545 0.1556
49.80 322.95 0.2357 0.0621 0.4474 0.1531
63.60 336.75 0.2288 0.0602 0.4398 0.1505
Compositions of coexisting phases Auxiliary Information
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:

Solubility was measured by the Alekseev’s method.1 Five 共1兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽81.4 °C at 750 Torr,
hydrocarbon- water- solubility–temperature curves of constant alcohol–benzene d(30 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7971, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.3749.
T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water- ratio and another four curves of constant alcohol–water ratio 共2兲 source not specified; purified; b.p.⫽79.0 °C at 752.5 Torr,
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase were measured. These were used to construct solubility d(30 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8680, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.4980; taken from Ref.
isotherms. Phase equilibrium was determined by comparison 3.
30 303.2 0.0052 0.9905 0.0146 0.0002 0.004 0.995 0.047 0.001 of density and refractive index on calibration curves obtained 共3兲 not specified.
0.0219 0.9738 0.0292 0.0007 0.017 0.982 0.091 0.003 for saturation solutions. Critical points of solubility were
0.0661 0.9254 0.0489 0.0010 0.052 0.946 0.146 0.004 obtained by the Alekseev’s method.2 Estimated Error:
0.1302 0.8371 0.0650 0.0021 0.106 0.886 0.187 0.008 Not reported.
0.2200 0.7101 0.0757 0.0027 0.189 0.793 0.213 0.010
References:
0.3042 0.5290 0.0897 0.0034 0.292 0.660 0.245 0.012 1
0.3526 0.3764 0.1014 0.0049 0.382 0.530 0.270 0.017 2
0.3640 0.3059 0.1130 0.0068 0.423 0.462 0.293 0.023 3
V. V. Udovenko and T. F. Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 1151
0.3689 0.2544 0.1166 0.0072 0.454 0.407 0.300 0.024 共1963兲.
0.3619 0.2070 0.1237 0.0088 0.476 0.354 0.313 0.029
0.3537 0.1788 0.1290 0.0092 0.487 0.320 0.323 0.030

0.3512 0.1581 0.1416 0.0127 0.499 0.292 0.344 0.040
0.3272 0.1228 0.1494 0.0152 0.502 0.245 0.356 0.047
0.3029 0.0964 0.1650 0.0201 0.498 0.206 0.379 0.060
0.2492 0.0628 0.2015 0.0344 0.464 0.152 0.424 0.094
0.2248 0.0456 0.2248 0.0456 0.447 0.118 0.447 0.118a
45 318.2 0.0206 0.9709 0.0108 0.0007 0.016 0.982 0.035 0.003
0.0534 0.9339 0.0221 0.0010 0.042 0.955 0.070 0.004
0.1134 0.8537 0.0405 0.0013 0.092 0.900 0.123 0.005
0.1860 0.7623 0.0545 0.0026 0.156 0.831 0.160 0.010
0.2557 0.6330 0.0663 0.0030 0.230 0.740 0.190 0.011
0.3103 0.5172 0.0738 0.0033 0.300 0.650 0.208 0.012
0.3431 0.3999 0.0847 0.0045 0.365 0.553 0.233 0.016
0.3601 0.3157 0.0953 0.0057 0.415 0.473 0.256 0.020
0.3606 0.2367 0.1072 0.0080 0.457 0.390 0.280 0.027
0.3543 0.1902 0.1177 0.0103 0.480 0.335 0.300 0.034
0.3386 0.1542 0.1313 0.0147 0.490 0.290 0.323 0.047
0.3100 0.1170 0.1459 0.0184 0.489 0.240 0.347 0.057
0.2961 0.1022 0.1546 0.0215 0.486 0.218 0.360 0.065
0.2447 0.0619 0.1898 0.0349 0.459 0.151 0.406 0.097
0.2188 0.0478 0.2188 0.0478 0.437 0.124 0.437 0.124a
60 333.2 0.0231 0.9683 0.0083 0.0007 0.018 0.980 0.027 0.003
0.0582 0.9249 0.0218 0.0015 0.046 0.950 0.069 0.006

0.1222 0.8370 0.0374 0.0018 0.100 0.890 0.114 0.007
0.1977 0.7247 0.0469 0.0023 0.170 0.810 0.140 0.009
0.2445 0.6611 0.0545 0.0026 0.216 0.759 0.160 0.010
0.3097 0.5089 0.0623 0.0029 0.302 0.645 0.180 0.011
0.3544 0.3538 0.0731 0.0041 0.393 0.510 0.206 0.015
0.3577 0.2720 0.0819 0.0053 0.435 0.430 0.226 0.019
0.3502 0.1969 0.0996 0.0078 0.472 0.345 0.264 0.027
0.3325 0.1530 0.1089 0.0101 0.485 0.290 0.282 0.034
0.3132 0.1267 0.1252 0.0139 0.485 0.255 0.312 0.045
0.2873 0.0976 0.1323 0.0160 0.480 0.212 0.324 0.051
0.2520 0.0717 0.1522 0.0224 0.460 0.170 0.355 0.068
0.1970 0.0417 0.1970 0.0417 0.411 0.113 0.411 0.113a
a
1133
1134
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. G. Morachevskii and I. A. Legochkina, Zh. Prikl. Khim. x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
关67-63-0兴共Leningrad兲 38, 1789–93 共1965兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Appl.
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴 Chem. 共Leningrad兲 38, 1751–4 共1965兲兴. hydrocarbon- water-rich
P/kPa t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase phase
T/K⫽293– 340 A. Skrzecz 26.7 34.32 307.47 0.075 0.913 0.0493 0.0010 0.059 0.938 0.147 0.004
34.05 307.20 0.184 0.772 0.0636 0.0013 0.153 0.836 0.184 0.005
34.26 307.41 0.269 0.610 0.0751 0.0019 0.245 0.722 0.212 0.007
Experimental Data
Compositions of coexisting phases 34.39 307.54 0.333 0.456 0.0868 0.0028 0.337 0.599 0.239 0.010
34.52 307.67 0.362 0.305 0.0981 0.0046 0.422 0.462 0.263 0.016
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ 53.3 50.18 323.33 0.085 0.890 0.0387 0.0017 0.068 0.926 0.118 0.005
49.87 323.02 0.191 0.746 0.0520 0.0013 0.162 0.822 0.154 0.005
49.97 323.12 0.274 0.586 0.0621 0.0016 0.254 0.707 0.180 0.006
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase phase 50.12 323.27 0.329 0.428 0.0728 0.0027 0.343 0.581 0.206 0.010
50.36 323.51 0.352 0.288 0.0832 0.0039 0.422 0.449 0.230 0.014
20.0 293.2 0.046 0.950 0.0561 0.0010 0.036 0.963 0.165 0.004 80.0 60.27 333.42 0.090 0.873 0.0324 0.0012 0.073 0.918 0.100 0.005

0.204 0.747 0.0801 0.0019 0.172 0.816 0.224 0.007 59.93 333.08 0.194 0.728 0.0449 0.0015 0.167 0.813 0.135 0.006
0.320 0.507 0.1065 0.0047 0.311 0.639 0.281 0.016 59.97 333.12 0.274 0.570 0.0555 0.0018 0.258 0.698 0.163 0.007
0.366 0.333 0.1227 0.0063 0.412 0.487 0.313 0.021 60.19 333.34 0.329 0.415 0.0658 0.0021 0.348 0.571 0.189 0.008
0.358 0.194 0.1444 0.0117 0.481 0.339 0.350 0.037 60.47 333.62 0.346 0.275 0.0771 0.0030 0.423 0.438 0.216 0.011
40.0 313.2 0.046 0.945 0.0419 0.0008 0.036 0.962 0.127 0.003 101.3 66.57 339.72 0.095 0.864 0.0282 0.0015 0.077 0.913 0.088 0.006
0.220 0.710 0.0640 0.0016 0.189 0.793 0.185 0.006 66.18 339.33 0.198 0.718 0.0402 0.0018 0.171 0.807 0.122 0.007
0.333 0.437 0.0815 0.0022 0.344 0.585 0.227 0.008 66.19 339.34 0.276 0.562 0.0517 0.0018 0.262 0.692 0.153 0.007
0.360 0.290 0.0882 0.0028 0.428 0.448 0.242 0.010 66.41 339.56 0.328 0.406 0.0618 0.0021 0.351 0.564 0.179 0.008
0.330 0.156 0.1050 0.0070 0.481 0.295 0.276 0.024 66.71 339.86 0.345 0.272 0.0703 0.0027 0.424 0.435 0.200 0.010
60.0 333.2 0.082 0.885 0.0306 0.0007 0.066 0.926 0.095 0.003
0.325 0.426 0.0633 0.0019 0.341 0.581 0.183 0.007
0.346 0.318 0.0727 0.0024 0.403 0.480 0.206 0.009 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
0.291 0.122 0.1092 0.0083 0.466 0.253 0.284 0.028 The analytical method was used in liquid–liquid equilibrium 共1兲 source not specified; purified; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.5010,
investigations. Samples of each phase were analyzed d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8790.
refractometrically as reported in Ref. 1. The solubility curve at 共2兲 source not specified; purified; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3771,
20 °C was also measured by the isothermal titration method; d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7853.
results were in agreement, but numerical data were not 共3兲 not specified.
specified. The method and apparatus used in investigation of
liquid–liquid vapor equilibrium were described in Ref. 2. Estimated Error:
Boiling temperatures of two-phase liquid mixtures were temp. ⫾0.1 °C 共accuracy of thermostating兲, ⫾0.05 °C
measured by Swietoslawski ebulliometer with a magnetic 共accuracy of boiling temperature兲; comp. ⬍⫾0.5 mass %.
stirrer. Samples of each phase were analyzed refractometrically
as reported in Ref. 1. References
1
A. G. Morachevskii and V. P. Belousov, Vest. Leningr. Univ.,
Ser. 4: Fiz. Khim. 4, 118 共1958兲.
2
N. A. Smirnova and A. G. Morachevskii, Vest. Leningr. Univ.,
Ser. 4: Fiz. Khim. 10, 106 共1959兲.
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; V. V. Udovenko and T. F. Mazanko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41, 395– 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; N. I. Nikurashina and S. I. Sinegubova, Zh. Obshch. Khim 43,
关67-63-0兴 401 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 197–9 关67-63-0兴 2100-5 共1973兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 43, 2093-7
共2兲 Benzene: C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共1967兲兴. 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴共1993兲兴.
共3兲 Water; H2O 关7732-18-5兴共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴


x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ x1 x2
T/K
hydrocarbon- water- t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
t/°C rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-
共compiler兲 T/K 共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 25 298.2 0.1246 0.8530 0.1005 0.8941
0.1803 0.7857 0.1488 0.8428

30 303.2 0.0154 0.9760 0.0175 0.0005 0.012 0.986 0.056 0.002 0.3354 0.4793 0.3308 0.6144
0.0370 0.9502 0.0394 0.0008 0.029 0.968 0.120 0.003 0.3710 0.3018 0.4307 0.4554
0.0671 0.8956 0.0524 0.0018 0.054 0.937 0.155 0.007 0.3664 0.2217 0.4709 0.3704
0.1435 0.8159 0.0683 0.0027 0.118 0.872 0.195 0.010 0.3492 0.1672 0.4908 0.3055
0.1591 0.7850 0.0746 0.0033 0.133 0.853 0.210 0.012 0.3246 0.1266 0.4966 0.2517
0.2605 0.6217 0.0859 0.0039 0.236 0.732 0.236 0.014 0.2941 0.0941 0.4903 0.2039
0.3251 0.4885 0.1261 0.0061 0.320 0.625 0.320 0.020 0.2759 0.0800 0.4816 0.1814
45 318.2 0.0295 0.9619 0.0169 0.0005 0.023 0.975 0.054 0.002 0.2571 0.0660 0.4711 0.1571
0.0938 0.8691 0.0369 0.0008 0.076 0.915 0.113 0.003 0.2373 0.0544 0.4560 0.1360
0.1341 0.8253 0.0505 0.0018 0.110 0.880 0.150 0.007 0.2340 0.0520 0.4538 0.1311
0.1911 0.7534 0.0564 0.0026 0.161 0.825 0.165 0.010 0.2299 0.0496 0.4504 0.1264
0.2940 0.5634 0.0723 0.0038 0.275 0.685 0.204 0.014 0.2180 0.0426 0.4403 0.1119
0.3544 0.3426 0.0889 0.0054 0.398 0.500 0.242 0.019 0.2051 0.0358 0.4280 0.0972
60 333.2 0.0231 0.9683 0.0098 0.0009 0.018 0.980 0.032 0.004 0.1968 0.0314 0.4196 0.0870
0.0477 0.9229 0.0195 0.0015 0.038 0.955 0.062 0.006 0.1377 0.0092 0.3397 0.0295
0.0975 0.8655 0.0338 0.0018 0.079 0.912 0.104 0.007 0.0907 0.0019 0.2483 0.0068
0.1843 0.7378 0.0487 0.0021 0.158 0.822 0.145 0.008 0.0540 0.0007 0.1596 0.0028
0.2075 0.7078 0.0513 0.0021 0.180 0.798 0.152 0.008
0.2725 0.5779 0.0565 0.0032 0.255 0.703 0.165 0.012
0.3007 0.5264 0.0621 0.0035 0.290 0.660 0.179 0.013
0.3219 0.4503 0.0694 0.0041 0.330 0.600 0.197 0.015

0.3577 0.2359 0.0864 0.0059 0.455 0.390 0.236 0.021
0.3412 0.1796 0.1006 0.0079 0.475 0.325 0.266 0.027

The method was not reported. Liquid–liquid equilibrium data 共1兲 source not specified; purified; b.p.⫽81.4 °C at 750 Torr,
were presented together with vapor pressure and vapor d(30 °C, 4 °C兲⫽0.7971, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.3749.
composition over the two-phase liquid mixtures. 共2兲 source not specified; purified; b.p.⫽79.0 °C at 752.5 Torr,
d(30 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.8680, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.4980.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
1135
1136
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; V. V. Udovenko, T. F. Mazanko, and V. Ya. Plyngeu, Izv. Akad.
关67-63-0兴 Nauk Mold. SSR, Sef. Biol. Khim. Nauk 3, 52–4 共1985兲.
hydrocarbon- water- 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴
T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water- 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
25 298.2 0.0344 0.9635 0.0277 0.0004 0.0267 0.9728 0.0867 0.0016 T/K⫽339.7– 340.1 A. Skrzecz
0.0723 0.9243 0.0504 0.0007 0.0567 0.9425 0.1500 0.0028
0.1041 0.8892 0.0626 0.0011 0.0825 0.9159 0.1816 0.0041
Experimental Data
0.1404 0.8414 0.0710 0.0013 0.1133 0.8823 0.2025 0.0047 Compositions of coexisting phases
0.1747 0.7905 0.0762 0.0014 0.1441 0.8473 0.2150 0.0053
0.2080 0.7429 0.0805 0.0018 0.1750 0.8126 0.2250 0.0065 x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
0.2419 0.6828 0.0838 0.0020 0.2100 0.7704 0.2325 0.0071
hydrocarbon- water-
0.2682 0.6297 0.0871 0.0021 0.2400 0.7326 0.2400 0.0076
0.2928 0.5756 0.0915 0.0022 0.2710 0.6925 0.2500 0.0079 t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.3175 0.5326 0.0960 0.0023 0.3010 0.6564 0.2600 0.0081
0.3359 0.4805 0.0988 0.0025 0.3308 0.6150 0.2660 0.0086 66.90 340.05 0.0620 0.9280 0.0230 0.0030 0.0488 0.9489 0.0721 0.0122

0.3497 0.4321 0.1021 0.0026 0.3580 0.5750 0.2730 0.0091 66.70 339.85 0.1010 0.8840 0.0310 0.0030 0.0805 0.9159 0.0955 0.0120
0.3608 0.3946 0.1058 0.0028 0.3810 0.5416 0.2810 0.0096 66.50 339.65 0.1300 0.8420 0.0320 0.0050 0.1054 0.8877 0.0978 0.0199
0.3688 0.3480 0.1108 0.0035 0.4070 0.4993 0.2910 0.0118 66.52 339.67 0.2850 0.5150 0.0400 0.0070 0.2810 0.6599 0.1195 0.0272
0.3716 0.3082 0.1180 0.0045 0.4280 0.4614 0.3050 0.0151 66.55 339.70 0.3030 0.4650 0.0480 0.0080 0.3101 0.6187 0.1406 0.0305
0.3712 0.2726 0.1224 0.0055 0.4460 0.4257 0.3130 0.0183 66.60 339.75 0.3310 0.3740 0.0520 0.0090 0.3655 0.5368 0.1506 0.0339
0.3668 0.2238 0.1266 0.0059 0.4700 0.3727 0.3210 0.0193 66.65 339.80 0.3420 0.3280 0.0700 0.0100 0.3943 0.4916 0.1951 0.0362
0.3614 0.1955 0.1326 0.0069 0.4830 0.3395 0.3320 0.0223 66.70 339.85 0.3520 0.2700 0.0800 0.0100 0.4312 0.4299 0.2187 0.0355
0.3470 0.1611 0.1416 0.0103 0.4930 0.2975 0.3460 0.0327 66.80 339.95 0.3410 0.1810 0.1020 0.0130 0.4739 0.3270 0.2655 0.0440
0.3296 0.1326 0.1535 0.0134 0.4970 0.2599 0.3650 0.0413
0.2299 0.0496 0.2299 0.0496 0.4504 0.1264 0.4504 0.1264a
a
The experimental method was not described. Liquid–liquid– 共1兲 source not specified; properties were described in Ref. 1.
vapor equilibrium data were reported at a pressure of 760 共2兲 source not specified; properties were described in Ref. 1.
Auxiliary Information Torr. 共Vapor composition over two-component liquid mixtures 共3兲 not specified.
was also reported.兲 Initial binary water–benzene mixtures
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: contained 25, 50, or 75 mass % water. Estimated Error:
This isothermal titration method was used. No more details 共1兲 source not specified, pure grade; used as received; b.p. Not reported.
were reported in the paper. ⫽82 °C, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.3752.
共2兲 source not specified; distilled at 80 °C; n(25 °C,D兲 References:
1
⫽1.5016. V. V. Udovenko, T. F. Mazanko, and V. Ya. Plyngeu, Izv.
共3兲 doubly distilled. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 16, 686 共1973兲.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; M. Rajendran, S. Renganarayanan, and D. Srinivasan, Fluid Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
关67-63-0兴 Phase Equilib. 50, 133–64 共1989兲. Solubilities were determined at atmospheric pressure by a 共1兲 Merck; reagent grade; purity⬎99.9% by glc.
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴 procedure described in Ref. 1. The concentration of 2-propanol 共2兲 Merck; reagent grade; purity⬎99.9% by glc.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 was determined by glc using HP 5890-A microprocessor 共3兲 double distilled.
controlled unit and integrator HP 3390-A. A stainless steel
Variables: Compiled by: column of 2 mm diameter packed with SE-30 共100% methyl Estimated Error:
T/K⫽303 A. Skrzecz silicone gum兲 and N2 as carrier gas of 30 mL/min at 120 °C temp. ⫾1 °C.
were used.
References:
Experimental Data 1
D. Rama Subramanian and D. Srinivasan, Chem. Eng.
Compositions along the saturation curve Commun. 19, 335 共1983兲.
x1 x2
T/K
30 303.2 0.0000 0.9961 0.0000 0.9991

0.1237 0.8467 0.1003 0.8925

0.2374 0.7108 0.2017 0.7851
0.3263 0.5601 0.2998 0.6689
0.3670 0.3926 0.3866 0.5375
0.3704 0.2535 0.4558 0.4055
0.3486 0.1491 0.5030 0.2797
0.3036 0.0943 0.5004 0.2021
0.2306 0.0549 0.4467 0.1383
0.2024 0.0495 0.4123 0.1310
0.1288 0.0138 0.3190 0.0443
0.1114 0.0048 0.2912 0.0162
0.0669 0.0037 0.1910 0.0138
0.0304 0.0031 0.0939 0.0125
0.0000 0.0043 0.0000 0.0184
x 1⬘ x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
30 303.2 0.0270 0.9411 0.01336 0.00520 0.0214 0.9710 0.0425 0.0215

0.0599 0.9071 0.03144 0.00539 0.0480 0.9441 0.0961 0.0214
0.2063 0.7347 0.06500 0.00529 0.1750 0.8100 0.1854 0.0196
0.3057 0.5850 0.09267 0.00541 0.2782 0.6920 0.2504 0.0190
0.3667 0.3894 0.11371 0.00503 0.3876 0.5351 0.2958 0.0170
0.3617 0.1882 0.11247 0.00532 0.4880 0.3300 0.2930 0.0180
1137
1138
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; E. R. Washburn, C. L. Graham, G. B. Arnold, and L. F. Transue, x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
关67-63-0兴 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1454–7 共1940兲.
共2兲 Cyclohexene; C6H10 ; 关110-83-8兴 hydrocarbon- water-
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-
T/K⫽288– 308 A. Skrzecz 25.0 298.15 0.0082 0.9873 0.0281 0.0002 0.006 0.993 0.088 0.001
0.0750 0.9030 0.0691 0.0008 0.057 0.938 0.198 0.003
0.2152 0.7236 0.1127 0.0019 0.176 0.809 0.296 0.007
6.2. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexene 0.3228 0.5576 0.1406 0.0044 0.288 0.680 0.349 0.015
0.3863 0.3422 0.1768 0.0131 0.413 0.500 0.404 0.041
x1 x2 0.3731 0.1707 0.2210 0.0242 0.502 0.314 0.460 0.069
T/K 0.3274 0.0989 0.2487 0.0384 0.516 0.213 0.483 0.102
15.0 288.15 0.0273 0.9655 0.0202 0.9782 Distribution of 2-propanol in 2-propanol–cyclohexene–water system
0.1097 0.8694 0.0841 0.9111
w ⬘1 w ⬙1

0.1954 0.7592 0.1570 0.8316
0.2442 0.6841 0.2034 0.7787 T/K hydrocarbon- water-
0.3018 0.5908 0.2644 0.7074 t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
0.3643 0.4385 0.3562 0.5860
0.3935 0.2812 0.4495 0.4391 15.0 288.15 0.007 0.120
0.3779 0.1700 0.5067 0.3116 0.035 0.205
0.3272 0.1007 0.5142 0.2163 0.141 0.306
0.2611 0.0441 0.4930 0.1138 0.232 0.361
0.2332 0.0259 0.4752 0.0722
0.367 0.424
0.1678 0.0065 0.3956 0.0209
0.1449 0.0038 0.3576 0.0128 0.473 0.473
0.1022 0.0009 0.2744 0.0034 0.502 0.488
0.0820 0.0003 0.2294 0.0011 35.0 308.15 0.018 0.096
0.0616 0.0003 0.1795 0.0011 0.049 0.172
0.0313 0.0005 0.0972 0.0020 0.140 0.239
0.0120 0.0002 0.0389 0.0008
0.247 0.299
25.0 298.15 0.0693 0.9105 0.0525 0.9429
0.2125 0.7259 0.1737 0.8112 0.316 0.328
0.3192 0.5461 0.2886 0.6749 0.365 0.345
0.3781 0.3894 0.3858 0.5431
0.3908 0.2899 0.4427 0.4489
0.3685 0.1626 0.5039 0.3039
0.3118 0.0833 0.5137 0.1876
0.2621 0.0457 0.4927 0.1173
The titration method, as described in Ref. 1, was used. The 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Company, commercial grade; dried by
0.2102 0.0204 0.4485 0.0594
titrant, from a weighed pipette, was added to the weighed refluxing over active lime, twice distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C)
0.2017 0.0175 0.4387 0.0521
binary mixture of known composition and the mixture was ⫽0.7809, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.374 87.
0.1321 0.0037 0.3334 0.0129
kept in a thermostated bath. To confirm that the end-point was 共2兲 Eastman Kodak Company, commercial grade; distilled in an
0.0714 0.0012 0.2034 0.0048
reached the mixture was shaken automatically for at least 15 atmosphere of purified N2, collected in dried nitrogen-filled
0.0479 0.0009 0.1433 0.0035
min and then reexamined. The plot of refractive index against bottles; d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.8056, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.4434.
0.0224 0.0002 0.0710 0.0009
0.0098 0.0001 0.0321 0.0006
phases. The refractive indexes were determinated at the
35.0 308.15 0.0675 0.9075 0.0513 0.9430 temperature of 30.0 °C to eliminate an opalescence. Part of Estimated Error:
0.1789 0.7732 0.1431 0.8454 phase equilibrium data was reported in incomplete form; only temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
0.3240 0.5392 0.2940 0.6688 distribution of alcohol between water and benzene was
0.3893 0.3651 0.4047 0.5188 reported. References:
0.3905 0.2494 0.4652 0.4062 1
0.3747 0.1740 0.5010 0.3181 共1940兲.
0.3371 0.1135 0.5131 0.2362
0.2721 0.0553 0.4953 0.1376
0.2149 0.0255 0.4501 0.0731
0.1242 0.0035 0.3180 0.0123
0.0872 0.0012 0.2408 0.0046
0.0480 0.0004 0.1439 0.0018
0.0149 0.0001 0.0479 0.0006
TABLE 60. Calculated composition along the saturation curve at 298.2 K

共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
关67-63-0兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.04兲 0.0000 0.000 012 Ref. 6 0.3438 0.5000
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴 0.0873 0.0010 0.3361 0.5200
共3兲 Water 共hydrogen oxide兲; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.2178 0.0100 0.3278 0.5400
0.2578 0.0200 0.3189 0.5600
0.2983 0.0400 0.3095 0.5800
6.3. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexane 0.3222 0.0600 0.2996 0.6000
system 2-propanol–cyclohexane–water is given in Table 59. 0.3615 0.1200 0.2665 0.6600
0.3694 0.1400 0.2544 0.6800
TABLE 59. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-propanol–cyclohexane–water 0.3756 0.1600 0.2417 0.7000
0.3804 0.1800 0.2286 0.7200
0.3866 0.2200 0.2007 0.7600
Washburn et al., 1942 298 sat. 共13兲, eq. 共8兲 1
0.3883 0.2400 0.1860 0.7800

Verhoeye, 1968 298 sat. 共27兲, eq. 共8兲 2
0.3891 0.2600 0.1708 0.8000
Nikurashina and Sinegubova, 1973 298 sat. 共20兲, eq. 共14兲 3
0.3890 0.2800 0.1550 0.8200
0.3882 0.3000 0.1388 0.8400
Plackov and Stern, 1992 298 sat. 共21兲, eq. 共7兲 5
0.3867 0.3200 0.1220 0.8600
a
0.3816 0.3600 0.0870 0.9000
0.3780 0.3800 0.0687 0.9200
The ternary system 2-propanol–cyclohexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. The system was studied five times at the same 0.3690 0.4200 0.0306 0.9600
temperature, 298.2 K. Saturation data are consistent within and between each reference. The exceptions are two points for the 0.3636 0.4400 0.0108 0.9800
cyclohexane-rich phase reported with the evident experimental errors in the paper of Verhoeye 2 共x 1 ⫽0.213 and x 1 ⫽0.040兲. Only one 0.3576 0.4600 0.0007 0.9900
binary system, cyclohexane–water, forms a miscibility gap. The data for this binary system were compiled and critically evaluated in a 0.3510 0.4800 0.0000 0.999 63 Ref. 6
previously published SDS volume, Ref. 6; the recommended values at 298.2 K are: x ⬙2 ⫽1.2•10⫺5 and x ⬘3 ⫽3.7•10⫺4 . All experimental
solubility and equilibrium data reported at 298.2 K were used for calculation of saturation curve. 共Water-rich and hydrocarbon-rich
branches were treated together.兲 These data were described by the equation: Phases in equilibrium
x1⫽0.475 90⫹0.056 28 ln共x2兲⫺0.113 24x 2 ⫺0.58 67x 22 . Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 2-propanol–cyclohexane–water were reported in all refer-
The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of estimate was 0.0156. Selected points on the ences at 298.2 K and tie lines cover the full miscibility gap. The reported plait point, Ref. 3, was x 1 ⫽0.3982 and x 2 ⫽0.2776. In the area
saturation curve, calculated by the above equation are presented in Table 60 for selected concentrations of cyclohexane in the mixture and close to the plait point there are small differences in the direction of the tie lines. There is a nearly uniform distribution of alcohol between
in Fig. 30 as calculated binodal curve 共solid line兲. the phases, the concentration of 2-propanol in the equilibrium phases differs by no more than 0.03 mole fraction. In the water-rich phase,
when x 1 ⬍0.15, the concentration of cyclohexane is very low, x 2 ⬍0.002. The reported equilibrium data sets are consistent with one
another and within each data set. The exceptions are two points of the cyclohexane-rich phase reported with evident experimental errors
in the paper of Verhoeye 2 共as discussed above in the description of saturation curve兲. The data for phases in equilibrium are considered
tentative. All experimental tie lines as well as all experimental points, Refs. 1–5, at 298.2 K, are reported in Fig. 30.
1139
1140
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; E. R. Washburn, C. E. Brockway, C. L. Graham, and P. Deming,
关67-63-0兴 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 1886–8 共1942兲.
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25.0 298.2 0.0281 0.0003 0.0880 0.0014

0.0862 0.0008 0.2388 0.0032
0.1503 0.0032 0.3680 0.0108

0.2320 0.0165 0.4829 0.0481
0.2988 0.0414 0.5388 0.1046
0.3449 0.0721 0.5557 0.1627
0.3628 0.0882 0.5574 0.1897
0.3875 0.1388 0.5353 0.2685
References: 0.3970 0.2069 0.4929 0.3597
1
E. R. Washburn, C. E. Brockway, C. L. Graham, and P. Deming, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 1886 共1942兲. 0.3952 0.2727 0.4508 0.4356
2
L. A. J. Verhoeye, J. Chem. Eng. Data 13, 462 共1968兲. 0.3752 0.3894 0.3786 0.5502
3
N. I. Nikurashina and S. I. Sinegubova, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 43, 2100 共1973兲. 0.2992 0.5917 0.2578 0.7140
4
T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem. 44, 118 共1991兲. 0.1696 0.8216 0.1282 0.8698
5
6
New York, 1989兲.
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w 2⬘ w ⬙1 w ⬙2
T/K hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase

25.0 298.2 0.0000 1.0000 0.0136 0.0004 0.000 1.000 0.044 0.002
0.0028 0.9972 0.0224 0.0002 0.002 0.998 0.071 0.001
0.0180 0.9773 0.0520 0.0012 0.013 0.986 0.154 0.005
0.0801 0.9108 0.0950 0.0005 0.059 0.939 0.259 0.002
0.1486 0.8382 0.1278 0.0025 0.112 0.885 0.326 0.009
0.2179 0.7399 0.1814 0.0084 0.172 0.818 0.416 0.027
0.2996 0.5920 0.2729 0.0299 0.258 0.714 0.521 0.080
0.3521 0.4586 0.3529 0.0808 0.335 0.611 0.555 0.178
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; L. A. J. Verhoeye, J. Chem. Eng. Data 13, 462-7 共1968兲.
The titration method, Refs. 1, 2, was used. Binary mixtures of 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Company, best grade; dried with active lime, 关67-63-0兴
known composition were titrated with the third component. distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7808, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.3749. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴
The total weight of liquids employed was 13–15g . The 共2兲 Eastman Kodak Company; distilled, dried with Na, 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
refractive indexes of mixtures were used to construct the recrystallized several times; d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7746,
refractive index/composition curve, which was used further to n(25 °C,D)⫽1.4232, f.p.⫽6.1 °C. Variables: Compiled by:
find compositions of equilibrium phases. 共3兲 not specified. T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
Estimated Error:
Not reported. Experimental Data
References:
1
R. Vold and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4217 x1 x2
共1932兲. T/K
2
E. R. Washburn and H. C. Spencer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 361 t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
共1934兲.
25.0 298.2 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0010
0.0156 0.0003 0.0500 0.0015

0.0321 0.0007 0.0995 0.0030
0.0502 0.0010 0.1495 0.0040
0.0891 0.0014 0.2450 0.0055
0.1134 0.0018 0.2975 0.0065
0.1376 0.0026 0.3450 0.0090
0.1660 0.0048 0.3940 0.0160
0.1945 0.0092 0.4360 0.0290
0.2082 0.0118 0.4540 0.0360
0.2500 0.0219 0.5010 0.0615
0.2956 0.0401 0.5365 0.1020
0.3297 0.0601 0.5525 0.1410
0.3821 0.1198 0.5465 0.2400
0.3924 0.1507 0.5300 0.2850
0.3952 0.1872 0.5050 0.3350
0.3974 0.2430 0.4700 0.4025
0.3939 0.2813 0.4450 0.4450
0.3859 0.3353 0.4110 0.5000
0.3715 0.3973 0.3725 0.5580
0.3536 0.4690 0.3325 0.6175
0.3263 0.5423 0.2900 0.6750
0.2897 0.6176 0.2450 0.7315
0.2443 0.6959 0.1975 0.7880

0.1942 0.7842 0.1495 0.8455
0.0684 0.9270 0.0500 0.9490
0.0000 0.9977 0.0000 0.9995
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

25.0 298.2 0.026 0.974 0.060 0.001 0.019 0.981 0.175 0.004
0.040 0.911 0.078 0.002 0.030 0.959 0.218 0.006
0.127 0.864 0.121 0.002 0.095 0.903 0.312 0.009
0.182 0.796 0.158 0.003 0.140 0.855 0.382 0.010
0.213 0.787 0.184 0.007 0.162 0.838 0.422 0.021
0.240 0.706 0.218 0.018 0.193 0.794 0.462 0.053
1141
0.274 0.646 0.269 0.028 0.228 0.752 0.518 0.075
0.319 0.549 0.334 0.062 0.283 0.682 0.555 0.145
1142
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; N. I. Nikurashina and S. I. Sinegubova, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 43,
The binodal curve was determined by titration of heterogenous 共1兲 source not specified; distilled through a glass column 共3 cm 关67-63-0兴 2100-5 共1973兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 40, 2093–7
mixtures with a homogenous mixture until turbidity ceased. in diameter, 2 m high, packed in stainless wire兲 under reflux 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴共1973兲兴.
Two-liquid mixture was mixed for 1 h at constant temperature ⬎10; chosen fractions were used; b.p.⫽80.4 °C, 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
and after separation samples of each phase were analyzed. d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7808, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.3749.
Liquid–liquid equilibrium data at boiling points 共64.30– 共2兲 source not specified; distilled through a glass column 共3 cm Variables: Compiled by:
69.40 °C兲 at pressure 760 Torr were presented graphically in in diameter, 2 m high, packed in stainless wire兲 under reflux T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
the paper. ⬎10; chosen fractions were used; b.p.⫽80.7 °C,
d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7738, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.4238.
共3兲 twice distilled. Experimental Data
Estimated Error:
temp. ⫾0.1 °C; comp. ⬍0.0005 mole fraction 共for the binodal x1 x2
curve兲. T/K
25 298.2 0.1388 0.0015 0.3481 0.0054

0.1634 0.0033 0.3912 0.0109
0.2412 0.0176 0.4942 0.0506

0.2915 0.0360 0.5363 0.0927
0.3243 0.0568 0.5502 0.1350
0.3520 0.0809 0.5540 0.1784
0.3743 0.1103 0.5478 0.2261
0.3966 0.1568 0.5287 0.2928
0.3961 0.2012 0.4960 0.3528
0.3963 0.2285 0.4782 0.3861
0.3954 0.2364 0.4725 0.3956
0.4110 0.2629 0.4687 0.4198
0.3938 0.2615 0.4561 0.4242
0.3928 0.2801 0.4448 0.4442
0.3982 0.2776 0.4504 0.4397
0.3894 0.3015 0.4306 0.4669
0.3836 0.3378 0.4080 0.5032
0.3712 0.3976 0.3722 0.5583
0.3217 0.5362 0.2885 0.6733
0.2408 0.6880 0.1965 0.7861
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w 2⬘ w ⬙1 w ⬙2

25 298.2 0.0022 0.9964 0.0161 0.0001 0.0016 0.9981 0.0516 0.0003

0.0059 0.9918 0.0323 0.0002 0.0042 0.9953 0.1000 0.0007
0.0116 0.9852 0.0460 0.0004 0.0083 0.9910 0.1383 0.0015
0.0322 0.9641 0.0632 0.0005 0.0233 0.9759 0.1833 0.0020
0.0615 0.9312 0.0831 0.0006 0.0450 0.9534 0.2316 0.0025
0.1074 0.8792 0.1102 0.0009 0.0800 0.9170 0.2916 0.0035
0.1612 0.8130 0.1481 0.0021 0.1233 0.8708 0.3650 0.0074
0.2088 0.7444 0.1992 0.0077 0.1650 0.8239 0.4450 0.0240
0.2506 0.6789 0.2503 0.0203 0.2050 0.7777 0.5033 0.0571
0.2781 0.6259 0.2943 0.0387 0.2350 0.7407 0.5366 0.0988
0.3053 0.5733 0.3408 0.0704 0.2667 0.7015 0.5533 0.1601
0.3350 0.5018 0.3754 0.1072 0.3083 0.6467 0.5516 0.2205
0.3471 0.4674 0.3913 0.1311 0.3283 0.6191 0.5450 0.2556
0.3982 0.2776 0.3982 0.2776 0.4504 0.4397 0.4504 0.4397a
a
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem.
The isothermal titration method was used. No more details 共1兲 source not specified, pure grade; used as received; b.p. 关67-63-0兴 44, 118–21 共1991兲.
were reported in the paper. ⫽82 °C, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.3752. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴
共2兲 source not specified; distilled at 80.8 °C; n(25 °C,D) 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
⫽1.4238.
共3兲 doubly distilled. Variables: Compiled by:
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
Experimental Data
w1 w2
T/K
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.140 0.004 0.348 0.014

0.198 0.011 0.439 0.034
0.275 0.026 0.528 0.070
0.315 0.049 0.549 0.119
0.365 0.096 0.552 0.203
0.392 0.183 0.505 0.330
0.394 0.280 0.446 0.444
0.370 0.396 0.372 0.558
0.320 0.534 0.288 0.673
0.240 0.688 0.196 0.786
0.131 0.846 0.099 0.896
0.068 0.923 0.050 0.948
0.000 0.999 0.0000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

t/°C 共compiler兲 hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.141 0.830 0.141 0.004 0.107 0.886 0.350 0.014
0.203 0.746 0.202 0.012 0.161 0.827 0.445 0.037
0.247 0.680 0.245 0.021 0.202 0.780 0.496 0.059
0.292 0.592 0.290 0.032 0.253 0.717 0.539 0.083
0.359 0.435 0.354 0.089 0.349 0.591 0.548 0.193
0.382 0.362 0.376 0.120 0.396 0.525 0.541 0.242
1143
1144
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 71, 189–209
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck; AR grade; refluxed with Mg and I2, distilled; purity 关67-63-0兴共1992兲.
titration method, as described in Ref. 1. The formation of a ⬎99.9 mole % by glc. 共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴
were precisely weighed. Tie line compositions were 共3兲 not specified. Variables: Compiled by:
determined by the refractive index method, Ref. 2, and a T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
fraction 共tie lines兲. Experimental Data
References:
1 w1 w2
2
S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411 t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲
共1943兲.
3 25 298.2 0.0378 0.9601 0.0273 0.9722
Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053 共1989兲. 0.1031 0.8793 0.0770 0.9191
0.1359 0.8384 0.1031 0.8910

0.1982 0.7497 0.1568 0.8308
0.2534 0.6608 0.2104 0.7683
0.3105 0.5500 0.2766 0.6861
0.3632 0.4141 0.3596 0.5742
0.3841 0.3260 0.4141 0.4922
0.3966 0.2270 0.4794 0.3842
0.3909 0.1665 0.5165 0.3081
0.3747 0.1147 0.5443 0.2333
0.3547 0.0856 0.5522 0.1866
0.3030 0.0442 0.5405 0.1104
0.2258 0.0197 0.4708 0.0575
0.1880 0.0081 0.4269 0.0258
0.1624 0.0043 0.3883 0.0144
0.1314 0.0026 0.3330 0.0092
0.0981 0.0006 0.2658 0.0023
0.0790 0.0004 0.2222 0.0016
0.0508 0.0003 0.1513 0.0013
0.0220 0.0002 0.0698 0.0009
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

25 298.2 0.020 0.977 0.051 0.000 0.014 0.985 0.152 0.000

0.077 0.908 0.096 0.002 0.057 0.940 0.260 0.008
0.147 0.807 0.146 0.004 0.114 0.875 0.359 0.014
0.188 0.755 0.184 0.007 0.149 0.838 0.422 0.022
0.218 0.708 0.203 0.009 0.177 0.805 0.449 0.028
0.269 0.624 0.257 0.024 0.229 0.744 0.508 0.066
0.325 0.531 0.311 0.041 0.292 0.669 0.553 0.102
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Binodal compositions were determined by titration with the 共1兲 Kemika 共Zagreb兲; analytical grade; presumably used as 关67-63-0兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.05兲
corresponding, less-soluble component until the appearance of received; n⫽1.3475, ␳ (25 °C)⫽780.8 kg/m3, b.p.⫽81.1 °C. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
turbidity.1 The analytical method was used for determination 共2兲 Merck Alkaloid; purity not specified; presumably used as 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
of tie-lines. This was based on refractive indexes and densities received; n⫽1.4232, ␳ (25 °C)⫽773.4 kg/m3, b.p.⫽80.1 °C.
of the samples,1 combined with the oxidation of the alcohol 共3兲 twice distilled in the presence of KMnO4.
with an excess of potassium dichromate and determination of
unreduced dichromate with Na2S2O3. Alcohol in the organic Estimated Error:
6.4. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane
layer was determined after extraction with water. composition ⬍0.0005 mass fraction, binodal, 共relative兲; Critical Evaluation:
composition ⫾2%, tie line. A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
system 2-propanol–hexane–water is given in Table 61.
References:
1
D. Plackov, and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 57, 327 共1990兲.
TABLE 61. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-propanol–hexane–water

Morozov et al., 1978 331 eq. 共6兲 2
a
Saturation curve
The system 2-propanol–hexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Compositions along the saturation curve was reported only
in Ref. 1 at 298 K. Only one binary pair of components, hexane–water, is partially miscible. The data for this system were compiled and
critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.3 The recommended values of mutual solubility of hexane–water system at
298.2 K are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.999 53 and x 2⬙ ⫽2.3•10⫺6 . Two compositions in equilibrium at 331.2 K2 were reported to be binary mixtures
共concentration of the third component became equal 0.0兲. It seems that the analytical method used 共glc兲 did not detect low concentrations
of water and therefore these data are treated as inaccurate.
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 2–propanol–hexane–water were reported in both references.
There is no distribution of alcohol between the phases at 298.2 K1 共concentration of 2-propanol expressed in mole fractions is practically
constant兲. Composition of a plait point obtained graphically by the authors of Ref. 1 is equal to x 1 ⫽0.416 and x 2 ⫽0.240. Equilibrium
data at 298.2 K are in agreement with data on the saturation curve and are also consistent with other ternary systems 2-propanol–
hydrocarbon–water reported in Ref. 1. The larger miscibility gap and different direction of tie lines at 331.2 K than those at 298.2 K
further show that the data of Ref. 2 are inaccurate. The data of Vorobeva and Karapetyants1 at 298.2 K are treated as tentative and they
are presented in Fig. 31.
1145
1146
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41,
关67-63-0兴 1984–9 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 1061–3
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴共1967兲兴.

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9952 0.000 0.999

0.1790 0.7858 0.136 0.856
0.2480 0.6813 0.199 0.784

0.3476 0.4941 0.315 0.642
0.4030 0.3269 0.423 0.492
FIG. 31. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲—hexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, dashed 0.4203 0.1888 0.520 0.335
lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 1. 0.3994 0.0994 0.577 0.206
0.3649 0.0585 0.587 0.135
References: 0.2601 0.0179 0.518 0.051
1
A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim, 41, 1984 共1967兲. 0.2039 0.0076 0.452 0.024
2
A. V. Morozov, A. G. Sarkisov, V. B. Turovskii, and V. I. Ilyaskin, Dep. Doc. VINITI 102–78, 1 共1978兲. 0.1263 0.0014 0.324 0.005
3
New York, 1989兲.
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon-
T/K rich phase water-rich phase
t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase
25 298.2 0.094 0.897 0.0939 0.0010 0.068 0.930 0.256 0.004

0.102 0.885 0.1020 0.0010 0.074 0.923 0.274 0.004
0.153 0.803 0.1424 0.0025 0.116 0.874 0.354 0.009
0.212 0.737 0.1930 0.0068 0.165 0.823 0.436 0.022
0.255 0.670 0.2517 0.0155 0.206 0.776 0.510 0.045
0.300 0.593 0.3235 0.0373 0.254 0.719 0.569 0.094
0.348 0.494 0.3729 0.0666 0.315 0.642 0.586 0.150
0.366 0.449 0.4003 0.1013 0.344 0.604 0.576 0.209
0.383 0.397 0.4141 0.1320 0.376 0.559 0.560 0.256
0.400 0.332 0.4185 0.1683 0.418 0.498 0.534 0.308
0.408 0.297 0.4203 0.1888 0.442 0.462 0.520 0.335
0.416 0.240 0.416 0.240 0.482 0.398 0.482 0.398a
a
Critical point obtained graphically by the authors.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. V. Morozov, A. G. Sarkisov, V. B. Turovskii, and V. I.
The experimental methods were described in Ref. 1. Water 共1兲 source and method of preparation were reported in Ref. 1. 关67-63-0兴 Ilyaskin, Dep. Doc. VINITI 102–78, 1–9 共1978兲.
impurities in alcohol were taken into account in the 共2兲 source not specified; pure grade; distilled; water 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
measurements. Critical point of liquid–liquid equilibrium was concentration was analyzed by the Karl Fischer method. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
obtained graphically by the method reported in Ref. 2. 共3兲 doubly distilled.
Estimated Error: T/K⫽331 A. Skrzecz
Not specified.
References: Experimental Data

1
A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40, Compositions of coexisting phases
3018 共1966兲.
2
E. F. Zilberman, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 26, 1458 共1952兲. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 hydrocarbon-rich phase water-rich phase
58 331.2 0.123 0.877 0.0425 0.0000 0.089 0.911 0.129 0.000

0.171 0.829 0.1046 0.0004 0.126 0.874 0.280 0.0015
0.289 0.601 0.1635 0.0035 0.244 0.728 0.391 0.012
0.332 0.487 0.2880 0.0255 0.306 0.644 0.543 0.069
0.399 0.341 0.3744 0.1113 0.413 0.506 0.544 0.232
0.396 0.178 0.3957 0.1782 0.508 0.328 0.508 0.328

The analytical method was used. The compositions of both 共1兲 source not specified; dried, distilled, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3771,
phases were determined by glc. d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7829.
共2兲 source not specified; twice distilled, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3748,
d(25 °C,4 °C)⫽0.6544.
共3兲 doubly distilled.
Estimated Error:
comp. ⬍5% relative, max. for water.
1147
TABLE 63. Calculated compositons along the saturation curve at 298.2 K
1148
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
关67-63-0兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.03兲 0.0000 0.000 104 Ref. 6 0.3245 0.5200
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 0.1982 0.0200 0.3149 0.5400
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 0.2479 0.0400 0.3049 0.5600
0.2828 0.0600 0.2944 0.5800
0.3093 0.0800 0.2835 0.6000
6.5. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene 0.3300 0.1000 0.2722 0.6200
system 2-propanol–toluene–water is given in Table 62. 0.3696 0.1600 0.2360 0.6800
0.3774 0.1800 0.2232 0.7000
TABLE 62. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-propanol–toluene–water 0.3833 0.2000 0.2101 0.7200
0.3874 0.2200 0.1967 0.7400
0.3912 0.2600 0.1689 0.7800
0.3912 0.2800 0.1546 0.8000
Washburn and Beguin, 1940 298 sat. 共24兲, eq. 共13兲 2

0.3901 0.3000 0.1401 0.8200
Stankova et al., 1970 293, 349–352 sat. 共52兲 3
0.3879 0.3200 0.1252 0.8400
Borisova et al., 1978 293, 349–354 eq. 共17兲 4
0.3848 0.3400 0.1101 0.8600
0.3809 0.3600 0.0948 0.8800
a
0.3706 0.4000 0.0633 0.9200
0.3645 0.4200 0.0473 0.9400
The ternary system 2-propanol–toluene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. The system was measured at 293 K, 298 K, and at 0.3502 0.4600 0.0144 0.9800
boiling temperatures at 101.3 kPa. Only toluene–water binary system forms a miscibility gap. The data of this binary system were 0.3421 0.4800 0.0000 0.9972 Ref. 6
compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.6 The recommended values of mutual solubility of toluene–water 0.3336 0.5000
system at 298 K are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9972 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 104.6 This critical evaluation is based on the original papers with the exception of data
of Leikola,1 which were taken from the handbook of Kafarov;7 this data set was also taken into account during evaluation but is not
reported as a compilation sheet because it does not contribute further to knowledge of the system. At 293 K the experimental data of Phases in equilibrium
Borisova et al.4 present a slightly larger miscibility gap than those of Stankova et al.3 which are very close to the results at 298 K. The The phases in equilibrium were measured also at 293 K, 298 K, and at boiling temperatures at 101.3 kPa. The tie lines cover the
data for the saturation curve are consistent within each data set, as well as with one another. The miscibility gap decreases with increasing whole area of miscibility gap. They are consistent within each data set, as well as with one another. However, the tie lines reported at
temperature. A maximum value of 2-propanol concentration on saturation curve observed at 298 K is equal to x 1 ⫽0.39⫾0.01 共differences 298.2 K,2,5 cross slightly as could be noticed if a large scale graph were plotted. The tie lines are treated as tentative.
between data sets, Refs. 2,5 are about 0.02 mole fraction兲. The saturation curve was described by the equation proposed by Hlavaty8 and The plait point of the system changes with temperature. At 293.2 K it was reported to be x 1 ⫽0.292, x 2 ⫽0.069, 共Ref. 4兲 at
used also with success by Letcher et al.9 for the description of saturation curves of ternary systems containing alcohols 298.2 K⫺x 1 ⫽0.27, x 2 ⫽0.07 共Ref. 5兲 while at 101 kPa at boiling temperature (348.9⫾0.1 K) it was estimated by the evaluator to be
x1⫽a1•z1•ln共z1兲⫹a2•z2 ln共z2兲⫹a3•z1•z2 , x 1 ⫽0.370⫾0.004, x 2 ⫽0.209⫾0.001.
⬙ )/(x 20
where: z 1 ⫽(x 2 ⫹0.5•x 1 ⫺x 20 ⬘ ⫺x 20
⬙ ), z 2 ⫽(x 20
⬘ ⫺x 2 ⫺0.5•x 1 )/(x 20
⬘ ⫺x 20
⬙ ), x 1 , x 2 —mole fractions of component 共1兲 and 共2兲, respec-
⬘ , x 20
tively, x 20 ⬙ —values of x 2 on the saturation curve which cuts the x 1 ⫽0 axis.
All experimental compositions on the saturation curve at 298.2 K 共compositions of tie lines were included兲, Refs. 2 and 5, as well as
the ‘‘best’’ mutual solubility values of the binary system, Ref. 6, were used in the calculations. The parameters calculated by the
least-squares method are: a 1 ⫽⫺0.319 92, a 2 ⫽⫺0.005 56, a 3 ⫽1.107 75. The standard error of estimate was 0.0071. The compositions
of the saturation curve calculated by the proposed equation at 298.2 K are presented in Table 63 and in Fig. 32.
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; E. R. Washburn and A. E. Beguin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 579–
关67-63-0兴 81 共1940兲.

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25.00 298.15 0.0131 0.0003 0.0425 0.0013

0.0349 0.0004 0.1076 0.0018
0.0561 0.0007 0.1650 0.0030

0.0842 0.0009 0.2340 0.0038
0.1159 0.0027 0.3016 0.0107
FIG. 32. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲—toluene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve, 0.1385 0.0049 0.3438 0.0188
䊊—experimental results of Ref. 2, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 5, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 2 and 5. 0.1714 0.0120 0.3944 0.0422
0.2044 0.0206 0.4364 0.0675
References: 0.2453 0.0362 0.4753 0.1074
1
E. Leikola, Suomen Kemistil. B. 13, 13 共1940兲. 0.2756 0.0512 0.4957 0.1413
0.3084 0.0720 0.5101 0.1827
2
E. R. Washburn and A. E. Beguin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 579 共1940兲.
0.3333 0.0958 0.5117 0.2255
3
L. Stankova, F. Vesely, and J. Pick, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 35, 1 共1970兲.
0.3627 0.1289 0.5089 0.2773
4
I. A. Borisova, V. G. Vatskova, A. I. Gorbunov, and N. M. Sokolov, Khim. Prom-st 共Moscow兲 347 共1978兲. 0.3882 0.1710 0.4961 0.3350
5
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203 共1992兲. 0.3983 0.2016 0.4814 0.3736
6
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon 0.4052 0.2475 0.4559 0.4270
New York, 1989兲. 0.3946 0.2848 0.4255 0.4709
7
V. V. Kafarov, ed., Spravochnik po Rastvorimosti, Vol. 2, Troinye, Mnogokomponentnye Sistemy, Kniga II 共Izd. Akademii Nauk 0.3861 0.3394 0.3905 0.5263
SSSR, Moskva, 1963兲. 0.3634 0.4097 0.3430 0.5928
8
K. Hlavaty, Collect. Czech Chem. Commun. 37, 4005 共1972兲. 0.3228 0.5270 0.2745 0.6872
9
T. M. Letcher, S. Ravindran, and S. E. Radloff, Fluid Phase Equilib. 69, 251 共1991兲. 0.2715 0.6144 0.2176 0.7550
0.2127 0.7162 0.1597 0.8243
0.1493 0.8096 0.1064 0.8848
0.0636 0.9172 0.0431 0.9530
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

25.00 298.15 0.0136 0.9864 0.0216 0.0000 0.0089 0.9911 0.0687 0.0001
0.0343 0.9612 0.0400 0.0006 0.0227 0.9764 0.1216 0.0030
0.1069 0.8592 0.0690 0.0006 0.0745 0.9184 0.1977 0.0028
0.1942 0.7444 0.0875 0.0012 0.1434 0.8430 0.2414 0.0052
0.3019 0.5686 0.1102 0.0025 0.2490 0.7190 0.2900 0.0102
0.3426 0.4696 0.1222 0.0032 0.3062 0.6435 0.3140 0.0125
0.3805 0.3549 0.1377 0.0038 0.3790 0.5420 0.3434 0.0146
0.3976 0.2600 0.1570 0.0081 0.4423 0.4435 0.3740 0.0296
0.3962 0.1934 0.1745 0.0123 0.4857 0.3635 0.3992 0.0433
0.3859 0.1643 0.1911 0.0165 0.4995 0.3260 0.4210 0.0558
0.3602 0.1251 0.2087 0.0219 0.5100 0.2716 0.4413 0.0709
0.3558 0.1200 0.2167 0.0268 0.5105 0.2640 0.4473 0.0847
1149
0.3396 0.1019 0.2331 0.0311 0.5120 0.2356 0.4650 0.0950
1150
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; L. Stankova, F. Vesely, and J. Pick, Collect. Czech. Chem.
The titration method, as described in Refs. 1, 2, was used. 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Company; refluxed with CaO, distilled, 关67-63-0兴 Commun. 1970, 35, 1–12.
Refractive indexes of mixtures were measured by Abbe middle fraction was used; b.p.⫽81.7– 81.9 °C, d(25 °C,4 °C) 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴
refractometer. Binary mixtures of known composition placed ⫽0.780 87, n(25 °C,D)⫽1.3748. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
in small Erlenmeyer flasks were titrated with water or toluene 共2兲 Eastman Kodak Company; used as received; n(25 °C,D)
from weighed pipettes and shaken mechanically in a constant ⫽1.4938. Variables: T/K⫽293– 352 Compiled by: A. Skrzecz
temperature bath. Measured refractive indexes of saturated 共3兲 distilled over KMnO4.
solutions were plotted for each component. These plots were
used further to determine concentration of equilibrium phases. Estimated Error: Experimental Data
Tie lines were obtained by adding alcohol to water–toluene temp. ⫾0.01 °C. Compositions along the saturation curve
mixtures and shaking the samples from time to time during the
twenty-four hours while they were kept in a constant References: x1 x2
temperature bath. After separation, refractive indexes of both 1
R. Vold and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4217 T/K
phase were measured and concentration of each component 共1932兲. t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
2
was read from the plots. The sum of calculated phase E. R. Washburn and H. C. Spencer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 361
concentrations was always equal to 1.0000⫾0.0001. 共1934兲. 20.00 293.15 0.0301 0.0004 0.0936 0.0017
0.0445 0.0005 0.1342 0.0024
0.0721 0.0007 0.2053 0.0029
0.0981 0.0013 0.2650 0.0053

0.1225 0.0028 0.3148 0.0111
0.1453 0.0055 0.3559 0.0206
0.1667 0.0094 0.3893 0.0338
0.1865 0.0143 0.4163 0.0490
0.2050 0.0204 0.4375 0.0668
0.2219 0.0275 0.4538 0.0861
0.2756 0.0512 0.4957 0.1413
0.3039 0.0713 0.5060 0.1821
0.3366 0.0939 0.5168 0.2211
0.3432 0.1132 0.5049 0.2554
0.3548 0.1293 0.5013 0.2802
0.3696 0.1595 0.4894 0.3237
0.3936 0.1957 0.4819 0.3674
0.3919 0.2393 0.4508 0.4220
0.3909 0.2770 0.4271 0.4641
0.3870 0.3268 0.3974 0.5145
0.3703 0.3867 0.3574 0.5723
0.3399 0.4651 0.3058 0.6416
0.2910 0.5772 0.2394 0.7281
0.2501 0.6402 0.1978 0.7762
0.1992 0.7185 0.1503 0.8311
0.1322 0.8063 0.0953 0.8914
Compositions along the saturation curve at normal boiling point (p/kPa⫽101.32)
x1 x2
T/K
77.25 350.40 0.1517 0.0134 0.3591 0.0486

76.95 350.10 0.1997 0.0297 0.4194 0.0956
76.00 349.15 0.2495 0.0536 0.4615 0.1520
76.75 349.90 0.3193 0.0971 0.4965 0.2314
76.90 350.05 0.3290 0.1097 0.4944 0.2527
76.70 349.85 0.3736 0.1885 0.4706 0.3640
77.00 350.15 0.3732 0.2309 0.4412 0.4185
76.70 349.85 0.3693 0.3063 0.3945 0.5016
76.85 350.00 0.3292 0.4073 0.3188 0.6047
76.75 349.90 0.2597 0.5860 0.2156 0.7460
79.30 352.45 0.2022 0.6842 0.1573 0.8162
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; I. A. Borisova, V. G. Vatskova, A. I. Gorbunov, and N. M.
The titration method was used. A binary mixture of known 共1兲 source not specified, analytical grade; dried by CuSO4, 关67-63-0兴 Sokolov, Khim. Prom-st 共Moscow兲 347 共1978兲.
composition 共alcohol–hydrocarbon or alcohol–water兲 and total distilled with 20 vol % of benzene, the middle fraction was used; 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴
mass of about 10–15 g placed in thermostat was titrated by n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3771, d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7851, b.p.⫽82.2 °C. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
the third component from a calibrated microburette until 共2兲 source not specified, technical grade; twice distilled with 10
permanent turbidity was formed. The both branches of vol % of propyl alcohol, twice distilled with 10 vol % of Variables: Compiled by:
solubility curve were in mutual agreement. The binodal curve 2-butanone; n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.4967, d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8667, b.p. T/K⫽293/N354 A. Skrzecz
at normal boiling point was measured in a modified ⫽110.6 °C.
Washburn’s ebulliometer1 until the first lasting turbidity by the 共3兲 distilled.
titration method. Temperatures were recalculated to the Experimental Data
pressure of 760 Torr. Estimated Error: Compositions of coexisting phases
temp. ⫾0.05 °C 共compiler兲; comp. ⫾0.01 mL 共accuracy of
titration兲. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
References: hydrocarbon- water-rich

1 T/K rich phase phase hydrocarbon- water-rich
E. R. Washburn and A. Beguin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 579
共1940兲. t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase phase

20 293.2 0.0299 0.9502 0.0338 0.0001 0.0200 0.9760 0.1045 0.0005
0.0530 0.9263 0.0539 0.0001 0.0358 0.9600 0.1595 0.0005
0.1584 0.8133 0.0906 0.0017 0.1120 0.8820 0.2480 0.0070
0.2169 0.7226 0.1104 0.0030 0.1615 0.8250 0.2900 0.0120
0.3320 0.5472 0.1365 0.0050 0.2750 0.6950 0.3400 0.0190
0.3751 0.4255 0.1506 0.0051 0.3450 0.6000 0.3660 0.0190
0.3896 0.3519 0.1638 0.0072 0.3870 0.5360 0.3870 0.0260
0.3946 0.2470 0.1806 0.0115 0.4480 0.4300 0.4100 0.0400
0.3839 0.1992 0.1998 0.0168 0.4715 0.3750 0.4340 0.0560
0.2918 0.0692 0.2918 0.0692 0.4950 0.1800 0.4950 0.1800a
80.0 353.2 0.0600 0.9031 0.0350 0.0050 0.0412 0.9512 0.1060 0.0232b
79.0 352.2 0.0920 0.8559 0.0440 0.0050 0.0648 0.9242 0.1307 0.0228b
78.0 351.2 0.1570 0.7632 0.0581 0.0060 0.1162 0.8661 0.1669 0.0265b
77.0 350.2 0.2149 0.6821 0.0800 0.0100 0.1664 0.8097 0.2174 0.0416b
76.0 349.2 0.3370 0.4671 0.1631 0.0220 0.3031 0.6441 0.3697 0.0765b
75.8 349.0 0.3775 0.3077 0.2421 0.0580 0.4000 0.5000 0.4476 0.1645b
75.7 348.9 0.3742 0.2098 0.3681 0.2082 0.4560 0.3920 0.4520 0.3920a,b,c
a
b
Temperatures are the boiling temperatures of the two-phase mixtures.
c
Boiling temperature estimated by the compiler.

The method of description of concentration of phases in 共1兲 source not specified; properties were in agreement with
equilibrium was the same as reported in Ref. 1. No more literature data.
details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 source not specified; properties were in agreement with
literature data.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
References:
1
A. S. Mozzhukhin, L. A. Serafimov, and V. A. Mitropolskaya,
Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41, 1687 共1967兲.
1151
1152
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
关67-63-0兴 17 共1992兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2 ; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.781 51, n
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 a known mass of one component to a mixture of known ⫽1.3752.
Variables: Compiled by: syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc.
w1 w2 References:
T/K 1
2
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 共1943兲.
3
0.091 0.001 0.249 0.004 T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. Van der Watt, and S. Radloff,
0.138 0.005 0.343 0.019

0.193 0.019 0.421 0.064
0.255 0.049 0.473 0.139
0.298 0.083 0.488 0.208
0.353 0.154 0.479 0.320
0.378 0.247 0.435 0.436
0.371 0.362 0.369 0.552
0.329 0.500 0.287 0.668
0.252 0.656 0.196 0.782
0.142 0.834 0.099 0.896
0.073 0.918 0.049 0.949
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
T/K hyrocarbon- water-rich rich phase phase
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.330 0.488 0.125 0.008 0.291 0.661 0.315 0.031
0.360 0.405 0.150 0.010 0.342 0.591 0.360 0.037
0.380 0.305 0.170 0.012 0.403 0.496 0.392 0.042
0.377 0.238 0.192 0.016 0.440 0.426 0.423 0.054
0.351 0.154 0.230 0.030 0.477 0.321 0.462 0.092
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; T. M. Letcher, B. C. Bricknell, J. D. Sewery, and S. E. Radloff, 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
关67-63-0兴 J. Chem. Eng. Data 39, 320–3 共1994兲. 关67-63-0兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.05兲
共2兲 1-Heptene; C7H14 ; 关592-76-7兴共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16 ; 关142-82-5兴
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732 -18-5兴共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴

T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz 6.7. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane
6.6. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Heptene A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
Experimental Data system 2-propanol–heptane–water is given in Table 64.
TABLE 64. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-propanol–heptane–water
x1 x2
T/K
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref.
25.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 Vorobeva and Karapetyants, 1967 298 sat. 共14兲, eq. 共10兲 1

0.184 0.773 0.126 0.865 Letcher et al., 1986 298 sat. 共8兲, eq. 共3兲 2
0.281 0.632 0.210 0.771
a
0.365 0.468 0.309 0.648 Number of experimental points in parentheses.
0.407 0.330 0.397 0.526
0.417 0.227 0.466 0.415
0.402 0.145 0.519 0.306 Saturation curve
0.378 0.084 0.559 0.203 The ternary system 2-propanol–heptane–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 1 covering the majority of the concentration
0.349 0.050 0.571 0.134 triangle. Only the heptane–water binary system forms a miscibility gap. The data of this binary system were compiled and critically
0.273 0.021 0.526 0.066 evaluated in a previously published SDS volume.3 The recommended mutual solubilities of the binary system heptane–water at 298.2 K3
0.242 0.011 0.500 0.037 are x ⬙2 ⫽4.3•10⫺7 and x ⬘3 ⫽5.6•10⫺4 . Solubility of water in heptane, x ⬘3 ⫽5.5•10⫺3 , reported by Vorobeva and Karapetyants1 is 10 times
0.059 0.005 0.170 0.023 higher but it is consistent with the accuracy of experiments ⫺0.001 mass fraction. A heptane free point on the saturation curve (x 1
0.027 0.001 0.084 0.005 ⫽0.049) in the data of Letcher et al.2 ought to be treated as an artifact of the experimental accuracy. The data are not sufficiently accurate
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 to describe the regions of low concentration of 2-propanol. All compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium in both data sets are
consistent with independently measured saturation curve and with one another. The data of Lecher et al., Ref. 2, show slightly larger
Compositions of coexisting phases solubility for the heptane-poor phase in the region of x 2 ⫽0.2– 0.4. The maximum of 2-propanol concentration is observed on saturation
curve which at 298.2 K reaches x 1 ⫽0.46⫾0.01 and x 2 ⫽0.18⫾0.02 mole fraction. All experimental solubility and equilibrium data
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
reported at 298.2 K were used for calculation of saturation curve. 共Water-rich and hydrocarbon-rich branches were treated together.兲
hydrocarbon- water-rich These data were described by the equation:
T/K hyrocarbon- water-rich rich phase phase x1⫽0.651 25⫹0.083 32 ln共x2兲⫺0.261 69x 2 ⫺0.404 01x 22 .
The least-squares method was used and the standard error of estimate was 0.0186. The equation describes the saturation curve for x 2
25.0 298.2 0.390 0.595 0.412 0.270 0.285 0.711 0.434 0.465 ⬍0.91 mole fraction. The compositions on the saturation curve, calculated by the proposed equation are presented in Table 65 for the
0.372 0.450 0.412 0.185 0.321 0.633 0.493 0.362
selected concentrations of heptane in the mixture and in Fig. 33 as calculated binodal curve 共solid line兲.
0.342 0.518 0.382 0.092 0.278 0.688 0.554 0.218
0.291 0.616 0.300 0.032 0.220 0.759 0.543 0.095
0.190 0.764 0.197 0.009 0.131 0.860 0.438 0.033

more details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 Aldrich; distilled; purity ⬎99.8 mole % by glc, ␳
⫽0.692 65 g cm⫺3.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
References:
1
1153
共1992兲.
1154
x1 x2 x1 x2
⫺7
0.0000 4.3•10 Ref. 6 0.3807 0.4600
0.0754 0.0010 0.3714 0.4800
0.2649 0.0100 0.3616 0.5000
0.3199 0.0200 0.3514 0.5200
0.3719 0.0400 0.3408 0.5400
0.3997 0.0600 0.3297 0.5600
0.4173 0.0800 0.3182 0.5800
0.4292 0.1000 0.3062 0.6000
0.4374 0.1200 0.2939 0.6200
0.4429 0.1400 0.2811 0.6400
0.4463 0.1600 0.2679 0.6600
0.4482 0.1800 0.2544 0.6800
0.4487 0.2000 0.2404 0.7000
0.4480 0.2200 0.2260 0.7200
0.4463 0.2400 0.2113 0.7400

0.4437 0.2600 0.1961 0.7600
0.4402 0.2800 0.1806 0.7800
FIG. 33. Phase diagram of the system 2-propanol 共1兲—heptane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated saturation curve,
0.4361 0.3000 0.1647 0.8000
0.4312 0.3200 0.1485 0.8200
0.4257 0.3400 0.1318 0.8400 References:
0.4196 0.3600 0.1148 0.8600 1
0.4128 0.3800 0.0974 0.8800 2
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
0.4056 0.4000 0.0797 0.9000 3
0.3978 0.4200 0.0000 0.999 44 Ref. 6 New York, 1989兲.
0.3895 0.4400
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 2-propanol–heptane–water were reported in both references
at the same temperature 298 K. A plait point of liquid–liquid equilibrium obtained graphically by Vorobeva and Karapetyants1 was x 1
⫽0.440 and x 2 ⫽0.279. The tie lines of Ref. 1 cover the whole range of miscibility gap, while only three tie lines of Ref. 2 cover the
middle region of miscibility gap 0.1⬍x 1 ⬍0.27. The compositions of phases in equilibrium reported in Refs. 1 and 2 are consistent. The
system behavior, calculated saturation curve as well as the experimental data are presented in Fig. 33.
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 41, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
关67-63-0兴 1984–9 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 1061–3 The experimental methods were described in Ref. 1. Water 共1兲 source and method of preparation were reported in Ref. 1.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16 ; 关142-82-5兴共1967兲兴. impurities in alcohol were taken into account in the 共2兲 source not specified; pure grade; distilled; water
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 measurements. Critical point of liquid–liquid equilibrium was concentration was analyzed by the Karl Fischer method.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz Estimated Error:
Not specified.
Experimental Data References:

Compositions along the saturation curve 1
A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
3018 共1966兲.
x1 x2 2
E. F. Zilberman, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 26, 1458 共1952兲.
T/K
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9945 0.000 0.999

0.2315 0.7202 0.160 0.830

0.2940 0.6119 0.219 0.760
0.3932 0.4129 0.345 0.604
0.4236 0.3287 0.405 0.524
0.4467 0.2397 0.475 0.425
0.4629 0.1637 0.546 0.322
0.4584 0.1200 0.584 0.255
0.4168 0.0598 0.619 0.148
0.4091 0.0538 0.620 0.136
0.3540 0.0281 0.604 0.080
0.3043 0.0160 0.569 0.050
0.2494 0.0079 0.514 0.027
0.1740 0.0020 0.410 0.008
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hyrocarbon- water-rich
25 298.2 0.101 0.883 0.119 0.001 0.064 0.933 0.310 0.004

0.165 0.795 0.200 0.004 0.110 0.882 0.450 0.014
0.216 0.736 0.267 0.010 0.148 0.842 0.533 0.034
0.229 0.718 0.281 0.012 0.159 0.830 0.547 0.040
0.276 0.650 0.377 0.038 0.200 0.784 0.612 0.104
0.330 0.550 0.436 0.077 0.257 0.715 0.614 0.180
0.372 0.468 0.460 0.120 0.310 0.650 0.585 0.255
0.396 0.410 0.461 0.163 0.348 0.601 0.545 0.322
0.415 0.363 0.459 0.205 0.382 0.557 0.509 0.379
0.440 0.279 0.440 0.279 0.445 0.470 0.445 0.470a
a
1155
1156
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203–
关67-63-0兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037-42 共1986兲. 关67-63-0兴 17 共1992兲.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16 ; 关142-82-5兴共2兲 m-Xylene 共1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-xylene兲; C8H10 ;
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴关108-38-3兴
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz Variables: Compiled by:
Experimental Data
6.8. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ m-Xylene
Experimental Data
w1 w2
t/°C
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
25 298.2 0.049 0.000 0.147 0.000
0.128 0.002 0.326 0.009
0.209 0.009 0.456 0.033 25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.313 0.035 0.552 0.103 0.091 0.001 0.249 0.005
0.413 0.087 0.583 0.205 0.139 0.002 0.347 0.009
0.444 0.242 0.472 0.429 0.195 0.010 0.432 0.039
0.378 0.449 0.321 0.635 0.261 0.028 0.498 0.094
0.167 0.793 0.111 0.881 0.322 0.078 0.503 0.215
0.367 0.139 0.482 0.323
0.390 0.330 0.369 0.552
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 0.353 0.466 0.287 0.669
0.276 0.625 0.196 0.783
hydrocarbon-rich water-rich
t/°C hydrocarbon-rich water-rich phase phase 0.157 0.806 0.099 0.894
共compiler兲 T/K phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 0.085 0.899 0.051 0.946
0.000 0.997 0.000 0.999
25 298.2 0.245 0.680 0.268 0.019 0.175 0.809 0.522 0.062
0.155 0.817 0.171 0.005 0.102 0.893 0.401 0.020 Compositions of coexisting phases
0.102 0.880 0.108 0.002 0.065 0.932 0.286 0.009
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: T/K hydrocarbon- water- rich phase rich phase
The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Aldrich, Gold label, 99.5 mole %; dried with potassium
determine the coexistence curve. The third component was carbonate, distilled.
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
of the other two components in 100 mL long-neck flask until passing through columns containing silica gel and basic alumina. 0.031 0.953 0.089 0.001 0.018 0.979 0.245 0.005
one drop 共weighing less than 0.01 g兲 resulted in cloudiness. 共3兲 de-ionized. 0.134 0.823 0.129 0.002 0.084 0.908 0.328 0.009
The flask was immersed in a well controlled water bath and 0.286 0.588 0.192 0.009 0.210 0.762 0.429 0.036
shaken continuously. Refractive indexes of these mixtures Estimated Error: 0.366 0.407 0.234 0.020 0.317 0.624 0.475 0.072
0.383 0.207 0.322 0.072 0.439 0.420 0.510 0.202
1
samples of both phases were measured and related to S. W. Briggs and E. W. Commings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203–
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and 关67-63-0兴 17 共1992兲.
formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2 ; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.781 51, n 共2兲 o-Xylene 共1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-xylene兲; C8H10;
a known mass of one component to a mixture of known ⫽1.3752. 关95-47-6兴
masses of the other two components. Precision weighing 共2兲 BDH; used as received; purity better than 99.6 mole % by 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc; d⫽0.860 32, n⫽1.54946.
compositions were determined by the refractive index method 共3兲 not specified. Variables: Compiled by:
reported in Ref. 2 and a complementary method using the Karl T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
6.9. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ o-Xylene
Experimental Data
1
2 w1 w2
T/K
共1943兲.

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.091 0.001 0.249 0.005
0.139 0.003 0.346 0.013
0.195 0.011 0.431 0.043
0.260 0.031 0.493 0.104
0.319 0.077 0.501 0.214
0.356 0.134 0.477 0.317
0.386 0.219 0.433 0.434
0.386 0.328 0.367 0.551
0.351 0.463 0.287 0.668
0.274 0.620 0.196 0.782
0.158 0.804 0.099 0.893
0.084 0.899 0.050 0.947
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.046 0.938 0.086 0.001 0.027 0.970 0.238 0.005
0.098 0.867 0.118 0.002 0.060 0.934 0.306 0.009
0.293 0.577 0.206 0.014 0.217 0.754 0.443 0.053
0.364 0.422 0.208 0.034 0.310 0.635 0.420 0.121
0.381 0.204 0.335 0.092 0.440 0.416 0.501 0.243
1157
1158
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff,
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and 关67-63-0兴 J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053–60 共1989兲.
formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2 ; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.781 51, n 共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10;
a known mass of one component to a mixture of known ⫽1.3752. 关106-42-3兴
masses of the other two components. Precision weighing 共2兲 BDH; used as received; purity better than 99.6 mole % by 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc; d⫽0.875 88, n⫽1.5029.
compositions were determined by the refractive index method 共3兲 not specified. Variables: Compiled by:
reported in Ref. 2 and a complementary method using the Karl T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
6.10. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ p-Xylene
Experimental Data
References Compositions along the saturation curve
1
2 w1 w2
T/K
共1943兲.
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.9997

0.083 0.892 0.050 0.946
0.158 0.806 0.099 0.894
0.277 0.627 0.196 0.784
0.354 0.468 0.287 0.670
0.391 0.332 0.369 0.553
0.394 0.223 0.436 0.436
0.366 0.138 0.483 0.321
0.321 0.078 0.502 0.216
0.273 0.039 0.498 0.126
0.259 0.032 0.490 0.107
0.195 0.011 0.431 0.043
0.129 0.002 0.328 0.009
0.050 0.001 0.149 0.005
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
25.0 298.2 0.345 0.102 0.220 0.017 0.499 0.261 0.460 0.063
0.399 0.268 0.178 0.010 0.410 0.487 0.405 0.040
0.349 0.480 0.128 0.005 0.280 0.679 0.323 0.022
0.265 0.648 0.075 0.002 0.185 0.797 0.211 0.010
0.165 0.797 0.043 0.000 0.104 0.889 0.130 0.000
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; E. T. Knypl and S. Z. Wojdylo, J. Appl. Chem. 17, 361–3
The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. A 共1兲 source not specified; used as received. 关67-63-0兴共1967兲.
binary mixture of known composition was titrated with the 共2兲 source not specified; recrystallized three times. 共2兲 Ethylbenzene 共phenylethane兲; C8H10; 关100-41-4兴
third component until cloudiness was observed. Tie line 共3兲 not specified. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
determined by the Karl Fischer titration. The methods were Estimated Error: Variables: Compiled by:
described in Ref. 1. comp. ⬍0.005 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ precision on T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
6.11. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Ethylbenzene
1
x1 x2
T/K

25.0 298.15 0.0681 0.0036 0.1930 0.0180
0.0690 0.0002 0.1980 0.0010
0.1056 0.0003 0.2823 0.0015
0.1186 0.0102 0.2982 0.0454
0.1304 0.0023 0.3305 0.0105
0.1482 0.0032 0.3630 0.0140
0.1784 0.0071 0.4100 0.0290
0.2278 0.0179 0.4692 0.0651
0.3194 0.0652 0.5160 0.1860
0.3751 0.1270 0.5010 0.2996
0.3974 0.2012 0.4551 0.4071
0.3992 0.2737 0.4070 0.4930
0.3785 0.3931 0.3316 0.6084
0.1656 0.8129 0.1030 0.8930
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-

25.0 298.15 0.0175 0.9825 0.0348 0.0006 0.010 0.990 0.107 0.003
0.0535 0.9465 0.0624 0.0008 0.031 0.969 0.181 0.004
0.1189 0.8646 0.0888 0.0012 0.072 0.925 0.244 0.006
0.1753 0.7982 0.1137 0.0015 0.110 0.885 0.298 0.007
0.2824 0.6234 0.1484 0.0035 0.200 0.780 0.363 0.015
0.3356 0.5327 0.1766 0.0086 0.255 0.715 0.405 0.035
0.3928 0.4172 0.2276 0.0179 0.331 0.621 0.469 0.065
0.3961 0.2990 0.2790 0.0391 0.390 0.520 0.505 0.125
0.3927 0.1927 0.3119 0.0565 0.458 0.397 0.519 0.166
0.3657 0.1033 0.3657 0.1033 0.517 0.258 0.517 0.258a
a
1159
1160
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; A. O. Emelyanov, L. V. Melnik, and B. N. Bobylev, Zh. Prikl.
The saturation isotherm was obtained by cloud-point titration 共1兲 Chemical Works ‘‘Oswiecim’’ 共Poland兲, laboratory grade; 关67-63-0兴 Khim. 共Leningrad兲 64, 1700–4 共1991兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J.
method. Liquid–liquid equilibrium was determined by the used as received; d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.7864, n(20 °C,D) 共2兲 1,7-Octadiene; C8H14; 关3710-30-3兴 Appl. Chem. 共Leningrad兲 64, 1555–8 共1991兲兴.
synthetic method. Physical properties of phases in equilibrium, ⫽1.3768. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
refractive index and density, were measured and compositions 共2兲 Chemical Works ‘‘Oswiecim’’ 共Poland兲, laboratory grade;
were found from relationships obtained in the isothermal used as received; d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8665, n(20 °C,D) Variables: Compiled by:
measurements. ⫽1.4958. T/K⫽293– 360 A. Skrzecz
共3兲 distilled.
Estimated Error:
6.12. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1,7-Octadiene
temp. ⫾0.05 °C 共estimated by the compiler兲. Experimental Data
w1 w2
T/K
25.00 293.15 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0018

0.2325 0.0045 0.4952 0.0176

0.3765 0.0668 0.5654 0.1840
0.4010 0.1155 0.5292 0.2795
0.4099 0.1787 0.4761 0.3806
0.4103 0.2466 0.4250 0.4684
0.3904 0.3632 0.3454 0.5892
0.2874 0.6409 0.1936 0.7919
0.1453 0.8351 0.0864 0.9101
0.0000 0.9998 0.0000 0.99997
87.00 360.15 0.0000 0.0149 0.0000 0.0847
0.0000 0.9995 0.0000 0.99992
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
20.00 293.15 0.0366 0.9595 0.0490 0.0005 0.0204 0.9790 0.1463 0.0027
0.1115 0.8736 0.1045 0.0005 0.0649 0.9325 0.2796 0.0025
0.1687 0.8052 0.1368 0.0005 0.1021 0.8932 0.3452 0.0023
0.2415 0.7097 0.1792 0.8199 0.1551 0.8356 0.1065 0.8934
0.2849 0.6449 0.2066 0.0019 0.1914 0.7945 0.4618 0.0078
0.3342 0.5439 0.2407 0.0032 0.2443 0.7290 0.5086 0.0124
0.3681 0.4404 0.2865 0.0098 0.2985 0.6549 0.5559 0.0349
0.3898 0.3647 0.3062 0.0217 0.3443 0.5907 0.5593 0.0727
0.4000 0.1130 0.4000 0.1130 0.5311 0.2751 0.5311 0.2751

Mutual solubility was determined by the standard isothermic 共1兲 source not specified, pure grade; dried, distilled; b.p.
titration method until turbidity was observed. Phase ⫽355.54 K.
equilibrium was measured in the thermostated separator. 共2兲 synthesized in the laboratory; distilled; purity ⬎99.5%;
Concentrations of 2-propanol and 1,7-octadiene in the b.p.⫽390.65 K.
equilibrium phases were determined by the glc analysis 共FID 共3兲 doubly distilled.
detector兲. Water was analyzed by the Karl Fischer method.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
Compositions of coexisting phase
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; N. Arda and A. A. Sayar, Fluid Phase Equilib. 73, 129–38 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙2
关67-63-0兴共1992兲.
共2兲 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴 hydrocarbon- water-rich
T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz 25.0 293.2 0.3752 0.3983 0.3595 0.0266 0.3126 0.6308 0.6051 0.0852
0.3207 0.4931 0.3199 0.0172 0.2441 0.7134 0.5802 0.0594
0.2851 0.5706 0.2709 0.0124 0.2018 0.7676 0.5320 0.0461
6.13. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0.2517 0.6497 0.2337 0.0080 0.1660 0.8145 0.4908 0.0319
0.1761 0.7329 0.1684 0.0056 0.1103 0.8726 0.3947 0.0251
x1 x2 0.1691 0.7342 0.1499 0.0064 0.1061 0.8757 0.3613 0.0293
T/K 0.1489 0.7587 0.1277 0.0060 0.0920 0.8909 0.3202 0.0288
0.1022 0.8078 0.0867 0.0040 0.0614 0.9224 0.2363 0.0207
25.0 293.2 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0028

0.0672 0.8481 0.0518 0.0029 0.0394 0.9457 0.1521 0.0164
0.0044 0.0010 0.0145 0.0060 0.0562 0.8623 0.0430 0.0029 0.0327 0.9531 0.1287 0.0162
0.0126 0.0015 0.0406 0.0094 0.0378 0.8903 0.0277 0.0019 0.0216 0.9661 0.0859 0.0110
0.0380 0.0022 0.1152 0.0125 0.0198 0.9104 0.0140 0.0004 0.0112 0.9770 0.0450 0.0022
0.0541 0.0027 0.1582 0.0151
0.0673 0.0038 0.1907 0.0207
0.0969 0.0038 0.2593 0.0193
0.1313 0.0044 0.3292 0.0210 Solubility measurements were made in an equilibrium cell 共1兲 Merck; dried over anhydrous K2CO3, distilled, with the
0.1641 0.0056 0.3874 0.0251 with a stirrer1 by titration of binary mixtures of known middle 80% collected; impurities ⬍0.1% by glc; b.p.⫽355.7
0.1965 0.0070 0.4380 0.0297 composition with the third component. This was done using ⫾0.1 K, n(293 K,D)⫽1.3756⫾0.0005, ␳ (293 K)⫽783.2
0.2138 0.0076 0.4632 0.0312 2-propanol for heterogeneous hydrocarbon–water mixtures, ⫾0.1 kg m⫺3.
until the turbidity had disappeared and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 共2兲 Merck; dried over anhydrous K2CO3, distilled, with the
0.2471 0.0082 0.5086 0.0320
for homogeneous alcohol–water mixtures until cloudiness was middle 60% collected; impurities ⬍0.2% by glc; b.p.⫽372.9
0.3077 0.0163 0.5684 0.0573 observed. Tie lines were measured in the same cell filled with ⫾0.1 K, n(293 K,D)⫽1.3890⫾0.0005, ␳ (293 K)⫽695.8
0.3364 0.0222 0.5893 0.0739 ternary heterogeneous mixtures of known composition. ⫾0.1 kg m⫺3.
0.3921 0.0380 0.6173 0.1137 Mixtures were stirred for 1 h and after separation the samples 共3兲 not specified.
0.4151 0.0489 0.6208 0.1389 of each phase were twice analyzed; 2-propanol concentration
was determined by glc using Supelco Carbopack-C 0.2%, Estimated Error:
0.4306 0.0613 0.6156 0.1667
CW-1500, 60/80 column on Aerograph Hydrogen-Flame, temp. ⫾0.1 K; solubility curve ⫾0.0025 mass fraction, analysis:
0.4401 0.0838 0.5930 0.2147 Model 600-C 共N2, 12–13 mL/s, 373 K兲. Water was 2-propanol ⫾0.0050 mass fraction, water ⫾0.0025 mass
0.4467 0.1031 0.5744 0.2521 determined by the Karl Fischer method. fraction.
0.4392 0.1333 0.5351 0.3088

0.4283 0.1496 0.5104 0.3388 References:
1
A. A. Sayar, J. Chem. Eng. Data 36, 61 共1991兲.
0.4385 0.1615 0.5067 0.3547
0.4355 0.2121 0.4612 0.4269
0.4102 0.2588 0.4096 0.4913
0.3916 0.3179 0.3616 0.5580
0.3389 0.4632 0.2650 0.6886
0.2737 0.5775 0.1933 0.7752
0.0995 0.8318 0.0585 0.9294
0.0478 0.8823 0.0274 0.9606
0.0000 0.9519 0.0000 0.9921
1161
1162
关67-63-0兴 1984–9 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 1061–3 The experimental methods were described graphically in Ref. 共1兲 source and method of preparation were reported in Ref. 1.
共2兲 Octane 共n-octane兲; C8H18; 关111-65-9兴共1967兲兴. 1. Water impurity in alcohol were taken into account in the 共2兲 source not specified; pure grade; distilled; water
Not specified.
6.14. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Octane References:

1
Experimental Data A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
Compositions along the saturation curve 3018 共1966兲.
2
x1 x2
T/K
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9937 0.000 0.999

0.0870 0.9069 0.048 0.951

0.2299 0.7164 0.143 0.847
0.3690 0.4957 0.273 0.697
0.4511 0.3252 0.397 0.544
0.4858 0.2311 0.481 0.435
0.5047 0.1610 0.554 0.336
0.4984 0.0953 0.622 0.226
0.4792 0.0672 0.645 0.172
0.4388 0.0418 0.651 0.118
0.3993 0.0272 0.641 0.083
0.3472 0.0158 0.611 0.053
0.2760 0.0066 0.548 0.025
0.1796 0.0014 0.420 0.006
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
T/K phase phase organic-rich water-rich
25 298.2 0.055 0.933 0.1404 0.0004 0.030 0.968 0.352 0.002

0.163 0.803 0.2925 0.0076 0.096 0.898 0.566 0.028
0.230 0.716 0.4106 0.0308 0.143 0.847 0.645 0.092
0.281 0.643 0.4606 0.0532 0.184 0.801 0.651 0.143
0.313 0.598 0.4809 0.0711 0.212 0.770 0.641 0.180
0.411 0.435 0.5050 0.1551 0.320 0.644 0.560 0.327
0.448 0.349 0.4919 0.2170 0.382 0.566 0.496 0.416
0.464 0.306 0.4804 0.2549 0.416 0.522 0.460 0.464
0.473 0.282 0.473 0.282 0.437 0.495 0.437 0.495a
a
共1兲 2-Propanol 共isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol兲; C3H8O; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
关67-63-0兴 17 共1992兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by refluxing with Mg and
共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5 -trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12 ; 关108-67-8兴 formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of I2 ; purity better than 99.6 mole % by glc; d⫽0.781 51, n
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 a known mass of one component to a mixture of known ⫽1.3752.
6.15. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Mesitylene estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and
Experimental Data 0.01 mole fraction for tie lines 共estimated by the authors兲.
References:
1
w1 w2
T/K 2
S. W. Briggs, and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
共1943兲.
3
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.069 0.000 0.198 0.000
0.113 0.001 0.297 0.005
0.166 0.005 0.391 0.024
0.229 0.014 0.473 0.058
0.326 0.044 0.541 0.146
0.389 0.093 0.533 0.255
0.410 0.138 0.499 0.336
0.415 0.207 0.440 0.439
0.403 0.303 0.367 0.552
0.370 0.433 0.286 0.669
0.297 0.595 0.195 0.783
0.174 0.783 0.099 0.893
0.093 0.888 0.050 0.947
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.187 0.763 0.188 0.008 0.108 0.883 0.422 0.036
0.270 0.640 0.270 0.027 0.171 0.812 0.505 0.101
0.330 0.525 0.332 0.047 0.232 0.738 0.542 0.154
0.387 0.380 0.390 0.096 0.318 0.625 0.530 0.261
1163
1164
关67-63-0兴 1984–9 共1967兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 1061-3 The experimental methods were described in Ref. 1. Water 共1兲 source and method of preparation were reported in Ref. 1.
共2兲 Nonane 共n-nonane兲; C9H20 ; 关111-84-2兴共1967兲兴. impurities in alcohol were taken into account in the 共2兲 source not specified; pure grade; distilled; water
Not specified.
6.16. 2-Propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Nonane References:

1
Experimental Data A. I. Vorobeva and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40,
Compositions along the saturation curve 3018 共1966兲.
2
x1 x2
T/K
25 298.2 0.0000 0.9929 0.000 0.999

0.1443 0.8301 0.075 0.921

0.2908 0.6367 0.174 0.813
0.4147 0.4446 0.295 0.675
0.4623 0.3582 0.361 0.597
0.4877 0.3134 0.401 0.550
0.5232 0.2274 0.483 0.448
0.5451 0.1572 0.562 0.346
0.5432 0.0933 0.638 0.234
0.5287 0.0682 0.665 0.183
0.5084 0.0525 0.676 0.149
0.4701 0.0340 0.680 0.105
0.3706 0.0123 0.637 0.045
0.2817 0.0047 0.557 0.020
0.1666 0.0006 0.399 0.003
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
25 298.2 0.092 0.888 0.194 0.001 0.046 0.951 0.443 0.005

0.152 0.816 0.334 0.009 0.080 0.915 0.608 0.034
0.177 0.786 0.389 0.015 0.095 0.899 0.649 0.053
0.219 0.733 0.449 0.027 0.122 0.870 0.676 0.088
0.291 0.637 0.519 0.060 0.174 0.813 0.671 0.166
0.350 0.547 0.545 0.099 0.226 0.754 0.632 0.244
0.374 0.516 0.546 0.120 0.248 0.730 0.605 0.284
0.415 0.445 0.546 0.152 0.295 0.675 0.568 0.338
0.452 0.385 0.541 0.192 0.342 0.621 0.525 0.397
0.465 0.363 0.537 0.206 0.360 0.600 0.510 0.417
0.490 0.311 0.521 0.242 0.404 0.547 0.470 0.466
0.507 0.279 0.507 0.279 0.435 0.510 0.435 0.510a
a
7. 2-Methyl-1-propanolⴙWater

共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol, isobutyl alcohol兲; A. Skrecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
C4H10O; 关78–83-1兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.05兲
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴
7.1. 2-Methyl-1-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene

system 2-methyl-1-propanol–benzene–water is given in Table 66.
TABLE 66. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-methyl-1-propanol–benzene–water

Alberty and Washbum, 1945 298 sat. 共14兲, eq. 共10兲 1
FIG. 34. Phase diagram of the system 2-methyl-1-propanol 共1兲—benzene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental results of Ref. 1,
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 1.
References:
The ternary system 2-methyl-1-propanol–benzene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. Two binary systems, benzene–water and 1
R. A. Alberty and E. R. Washburn, J. Phys. Chem. 49, 4 共1945兲.
2-methyl-1-propanol–water, form miscibility gaps. These binary systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published 2
SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, respectively. These recommended values of mutual solubility at 298 K are x ⬘2 ⫽0.9970, x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 409 for 3
benzene–water system, and x 1⬘ ⫽0.548, x⫽0.021 for 2-methyl-1-propanol–water system. The tie lines and experimental points along the New York, 1989兲.
saturation curve reported by Alberty and Washburn1 are consistent with one another. The reported mutual solubility of the 2-methyl-1- 4
A. F. M. Barton, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 15, Alcohols with Water 共Pergamon, New York 1984兲.
propanol–water system, x 1⬘ ⫽0.5425 and x 1⬙ ⫽0.0208 are in good agreement with the recommended values. Data of Letcher et al.2 were
reported in graphical form only and therefore are not compiled. The maximum alcohol concentration on the binodal curve at 298 K,
x 1 ⫽0.55,1 is consistent with the results of Alberty and Washburn,1 x 1 ⫽0.558. The experimental tie lines at 298.2 K, Ref. 1, are presented
in Fig. 34 together with the experimental points along the saturation curve.
1165
1166
共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol, isobutyl alcohol兲; R. A. Alberty and E. R. Washburn, J. Phys. Chem. 49, 4–8 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关78-83-1兴共1945兲. The titration method as in Ref. 1 was used. 50 mL flasks with 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Co.; refluxed 24 h with active CaO, distilled,
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴 dry stoppers were used for titration. Evaporation was refluxed 4 h with Ca, distilled; n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.396 15,
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 monitored and was usually less than 0.0002 of the mass. d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.798 11.
Samples were shaken during titration and a titrant was added 共2兲 Source not specified; dried with Na, recrystallized several
Variables: Compiled by: in drops 共water drops weighed 5–7 mg, alcohol and benzene times; f.p.⫽5.48 °C, n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.501 24, d(25 °C,4 °C兲
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz drops weighed 2–4 mg兲. An Abbe refractometer was used to ⫽0.873 57.
measure the refractive indexes of the saturated solutions. 共3兲 redistilled.
Results were plotted for each component separately. Tie-lines
Experimental Data were determined from the mixtures of equal volume, which Estimated Error:
Compositions along the saturation curve were equilibrated for 4 h 共evaporation smaller than 0.0004 of Not reported.
the mass兲. Refractive indexes of each phase were measured
x1 x2 and compositions were determined by reference to the curves. References:
T/K 1
E. R. Washburn, and C. V. Strandskov, J. Phys. Chem. 48, 241
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 共1944兲.
25.0 298.2 0.1050 0.8796 0.1014 0.8950

0.2015 0.7530 0.2003 0.7887
0.2890 0.6286 0.2975 0.6819

0.3714 0.5011 0.3992 0.5675
0.4450 0.3781 0.5020 0.4495
0.5038 0.2662 0.5996 0.3339
0.5361 0.1742 0.6785 0.2324
0.5543 0.1073 0.7394 0.1509
0.5564 0.0471 0.7922 0.0706
0.5425 0.0000 0.8299 0.0000
0.0208 0.0000 0.0802 0.0000
0.0156 0.0004 0.0610 0.0017
0.0101 0.0006 0.0402 0.0026
0.0051 0.0005 0.0205 0.0023
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
25.0 298.2 0.0097 0.9873 0.0023 0.0005 0.0092 0.9901 0.0093 0.0020
0.0377 0.9541 0.0058 0.0007 0.0361 0.9620 0.0233 0.0028
0.0917 0.8946 0.0091 0.0006 0.0884 0.9084 0.0362 0.0027
0.2002 0.7559 0.0108 0.0006 0.1987 0.7907 0.0430 0.0026
0.2874 0.6303 0.0122 0.0005 0.2958 0.6836 0.0482 0.0020
0.3681 0.5040 0.0133 0.0004 0.3957 0.5709 0.0523 0.0018
0.4465 0.3751 0.0146 0.0003 0.5044 0.4466 0.0573 0.0014
0.5014 0.2718 0.0154 0.0003 0.5948 0.3398 0.0604 0.0013
0.5355 0.1761 0.0164 0.0003 0.6768 0.2346 0.0643 0.0011
0.5580 0.0788 0.0188 0.0001 0.7651 0.1139 0.0732 0.0004
0.5074 0.3000 0.1378 0.8400
0.4976 0.3200 0.1203 0.8600
共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol; isobutyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of 0.4769 0.3600 0.0847 0.9000
0.4549 0.4000 0.0481 0.9400
0.4434 0.4200 0.0294 0.9600
0.4316 0.4400 0.0105 0.9800
7.2. 2-Methyl-1-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexane 0.4195 0.4600 0.0010 0.9900
0.4071 0.4800 0.0000 0.999 63 Ref. 3
0.3945 0.5000 0.0000 0.000 012 Ref. 3
0.3815 0.5200 0.0210 0.000 0 Ref. 4
system 2-methyl-1-propanol–cyclohexane–water is given in Table 67.
TABLE 67. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-methyl-1-propanol–cyclohexane–water

Compositions of the water-rich phase of the ternary system, Refs. 1 and 2, were reported as a binary 2-methyl-1-propanol–water
Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref. mixture; the analytical methods could not detect cyclohexane. Therefore the water-rich branch could not be evaluated.
Plackov and Stern, 1990 298 sat. 共14兲, eq. 共7兲 1 Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 2-methyl-1-propanol–cyclohexane–water were reported in
sat. 共15兲, eq. 共4兲

Letcher et al., 1991 298 2 two references at 298.2 K using similar experimental procedures. First the equilibrium was reached, then the phases were separated and
the composition of each phase was determinated. Compositions of water-rich phase in equilibrium were reported as binary 2-methyl-1-
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. propanol–water mixture. The analytical methods could not detect cyclohexane. The tie lines cover the whole area of the miscibility gap
and are consistent within each data set and with one another with the exception of one experimental tie line of Letcher et al.2 at the lowest
2-methyl-1-propanol concentration (x 1⬙ ⫽0.007), which is in disagreement with the corresponding tie line of Plackov and Stern.1 This
Saturation curve could be noticed if a large scale graph were plotted. Both data sets are treated as tentative. All experimental data points at 298.2 K are
The ternary system 2-methyl-1-propanol–cyclohexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. The system was studied at 298.2 K reported in Fig. 35.
by titration method. Two binary systems cyclohexane–water and 2-methyl-1-propanol–water form miscibility gaps. The data of these
binary systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, respectively. The recom-
mended values of mutual solubility at 298 K are: for the cyclohexane–water system x ⬙2 ⫽1.2•10⫺5 and x ⬘3 ⫽3.7•10⫺4 , 3 and for the
2-methyl-1-propanol–water system x 1⬘ ⫽0.548 and x 1⬙ ⫽0.0210.4 Letcher et al.2 reported ternary data and mutual solubility of the binary
systems. The end points of the saturation curve were reported to be x 2 ⫽0.999 and pure water. This is inconsistent with the recommended
values but within the accuracy of the experimental measurements 共0.001 mole fraction兲 stated by the authors. Mutual solubility data for
the 2-methyl-1-propanol–water system reported in Ref. 2 as x 1⬘ ⫽0.546 and x 1⬙ ⫽0.021 are consistent with the ‘‘best values’’ reported in
the critical evaluation.3 Plackov and Stern1 reported the solubility of 2-methyl-1-propanol in water, x 1⬙ ⫽0.021. This result is also
consistent with recommended data. These experimental data are consistent with one another. Phase equilibrium data were also used to
construct the saturation curve of the organic-rich phase. Data at 298.2 K were described by the equation:
x1⫽0.694 59⫹0.031 38 ln共x2兲⫺0.410 19x 2 ⫺0.293 07x 22 .
The model describes the region 0.01⬍x 2 ⬍0.99. The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method. The standard error of
estimate was 0.0062. The points on the saturation curve calculated by this equation for selected concentrations of cyclohexane in the
mixture are presented in Table 68 and in Fig. 35 as a calculated binodal curve 共solid line兲.
x1 x2 x1 x2
0.548 0.0000 Ref. 4 0.3683 0.5400

0.5635 0.0200 0.3548 0.5600
0.5767 0.0400 0.3410 0.5800 FIG. 35. Phase diagram of the system 2-methyl-1-propanol 共1兲—cyclohexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated binodal
0.5806 0.0600 0.3269 0.6000 curve, 䊊—experimental results of Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 1 and 2.
0.5806 0.0800 0.3126 0.6200
0.5784 0.1000 0.2980 0.6400 References:
0.5746 0.1200 0.2832 0.6600 1
0.5697 0.1400 0.2680 0.6800 2
0.5639 0.1600 0.2527 0.7000 3
0.5574 0.1800 0.2370 0.7200 New York, 1989兲.
0.5503 0.2000 0.2211 0.7400
4
A. F. M. Barton, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 15, Alcohols with Water 共Pergamon, New York, 1984兲.
0.5426 0.2200 0.2050 0.7600
1167
0.5345 0.2400 0.1885 0.7800
0.5259 0.2600 0.1719 0.8000
0.5168 0.2800 0.1550 0.8200
1168
共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol, isobutyl alcohol兲; D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 57, 327–40 共1990兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关78-83-1兴 The titration method, as reported in Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Kemoka 共Zagreb兲, analytical grade; used as received; n
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴 determine the solubility curve. Mixtures of known ⫽1.3933, ␳ (25 °C兲⫽794.4 kg m⫺3, b.p.⫽107.9 °C.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 composition, mixed by means of a magnetic stirrer and placed 共2兲 Kemika 共Zagreb兲, analytical grade; used as received; n
in the thermostated double-wall Erlenmayer flask, were titrated ⫽1.4232, ␳ (25 °C兲⫽773.6 kg m⫺3, b.p.⫽80.0 °C.
Variables: Compiled by: with the less soluble component until the appearance of 共3兲 double distilled in the presence of KMnO4.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz turbidity. The analytical method was used to determine
liquid–liquid equilibria. The mixture was shaken for at least Estimated Error:
20 min. Equilibration took place in a thermostated temp. ⫾0.02 °C; composition ⬍⫾0.05% 共by mass兲 relative
Experimental Data double-walled separatory funnel of 250 mL over 2 h. The error.
Compositions along the saturation curve refractive index and density of both phases were measured.
The composition was calculated numerically from the References:
w1 w2 1
calibration data by polynomial regression analysis. The third E. R. Washburn, C. L. Graham, G. B. Arnold, and L. F.
T/K order polynomials were used. Each experiment was repeated Transuel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1454 共1940兲.
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 three times.
25.00 298.15 0.0825 0.9031 0.0742 0.9226

0.1721 0.7992 0.1584 0.8352
0.2384 0.7120 0.2251 0.7635

0.3017 0.6276 0.2925 0.6908
0.3654 0.5394 0.3650 0.6118
0.4192 0.4555 0.4336 0.5349
0.4484 0.3949 0.4796 0.4796
0.5156 0.2883 0.5789 0.3676
0.5426 0.2230 0.6363 0.2969
0.5648 0.1624 0.6926 0.2261
0.5748 0.1069 0.7431 0.1569
0.5667 0.0436 0.7971 0.0696
0.5470 0.0000 0.8324 0.0000
0.0207 0.0000 0.0800 0.0000
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
T/K organic-rich water-rich phase phase
t/°C 共compiler兲 phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.00 298.15 0.057 0.934 0.009 0.000 0.051 0.947 0.036 0.000
0.199 0.760 0.012 0.000 0.186 0.805 0.048 0.000
0.337 0.579 0.013 0.000 0.332 0.648 0.051 0.000
0.426 0.445 0.014 0.000 0.442 0.525 0.055 0.000
0.498 0.311 0.015 0.000 0.555 0.393 0.059 0.000
0.566 0.152 0.017 0.000 0.701 0.215 0.066 0.000
0.563 0.043 0.019 0.000 0.796 0.069 0.074 0.000
共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol, isobutyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关78-83-1兴 44, 118–21 共1991兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck; AR grade; dried by addition of anhydrous K2CO3,
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴 titration method, as described in Ref. 1. The formation of a distilled; purity ⬎ 99.9 mole % by glc.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 cloudy mixture was observed visually on shaking after 共2兲 BDH; Gold label grade; used as received; purity ⬎ 99.9 mole
Variables: Compiled by: were precisely weighed. Tie line compositions were 共3兲 not specified.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz determined by the refractive index method,2 and a
complementary method using the Karl Fischer titration.3 Estimated Error:
Measurements were made at pressure of 94.7 kPa. composition ⫾ 0.005 mole fraction 共binodal curve兲, ⫾0.01 mole
Experimental Data fraction 共tie lines兲.
Reference
w1 w2 1
t/°C Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲 2
共1943兲.
3
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, J.
0.021 0.000 0.081 0.000 Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053 共1989兲.

0.546 0.000 0.832 0.000
0.555 0.009 0.827 0.015
0.574 0.042 0.803 0.067
0.579 0.127 0.729 0.181
0.558 0.211 0.654 0.281
0.517 0.304 0.571 0.381
0.460 0.405 0.483 0.483
0.389 0.513 0.391 0.585
0.306 0.629 0.295 0.689
0.213 0.752 0.198 0.794
0.110 0.874 0.099 0.897
0.055 0.937 0.049 0.949
0.000 0.999 0.0000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
t/°C organic-rich water-rich phase phase
25.0 298.2 0.546 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.832 0.000 0.081 0.000
0.580 0.086 0.018 0.000 0.764 0.129 0.070 0.000
0.467 0.395 0.014 0.000 0.492 0.473 0.055 0.000
0.330 0.592 0.007 0.000 0.323 0.658 0.028 0.000
1169
1170
共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol, isobutyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关78-83-1兴 203–17 共1992兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by the addition of
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of anhydrous potassium carbonate, distilled; purity better than 99.6
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 a known mass of one component to a mixture of known mole % by glc.
7.3. 2-Methyl-1-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and
Experimental Data 0.01 mole fraction for tie lines 共estimated by the authors兲.
References:
1
w1 w2
T/K 2
共1943兲.
3
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.021 0.000 0.081 0.000

0.546 0.000 0.832 0.000
0.568 0.031 0.807 0.055
0.572 0.054 0.784 0.092
0.568 0.111 0.724 0.176
0.546 0.186 0.648 0.274
0.511 0.277 0.563 0.380
0.462 0.372 0.479 0.479
0.397 0.479 0.388 0.582
0.315 0.593 0.293 0.686
0.214 0.722 0.190 0.796
0.117 0.849 0.099 0.894
0.060 0.924 0.049 0.947
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
T/K organic-rich phase water-rich phase

t/°C 共compiler兲 organic-rich phase water-rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.171 0.783 0.005 0.000 0.148 0.842 0.020 0.000
0.426 0.432 0.011 0.000 0.427 0.538 0.044 0.000
0.550 0.181 0.017 0.000 0.654 0.268 0.066 0.000
0.546 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.832 0.000 0.081 0.000
共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol, isobutyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, B. C. Bricknell, J. D. Sewry, and S. E. Radloff, J. 共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol, isobutyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff,
C4H10O; 关78-83-1兴 Chem. Eng. Data 39, 320–3 共1994兲. C4H10O; 关78-83-1兴 J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053–60 共1989兲.
共2兲 1-Heptene; C7H14; 关592-76-7兴共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10;
共3兲 Water; H2O, 关7732-18-5兴关106-42-3兴
7.4. 2-Methyl-1-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Heptene

Experimental Data 7.5. 2-Methyl-1-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ p-Xylene
Compositions along the saturation curve Experimental Data
w1 w2
T/K w1 w2
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 t/°C
25.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000

0.134 0.848 0.106 0.890 25.0 298.2 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.9997
0.235 0.725 0.195 0.797
0.069 0.916 0.050 0.948
0.365 0.565 0.323 0.662
0.135 0.843 0.100 0.896
0.450 0.440 0.425 0.550
0.492 0.372 0.483 0.484 0.249 0.695 0.198 0.791
0.519 0.326 0.525 0.437 0.345 0.561 0.295 0.686
0.540 0.285 0.562 0.393 0.422 0.444 0.387 0.583
0.560 0.239 0.605 0.342 0.530 0.247 0.565 0.377
0.576 0.201 0.643 0.297 0.558 0.167 0.646 0.277
0.587 0.162 0.680 0.249 0.571 0.105 0.714 0.188
0.596 0.121 0.722 0.194
0.572 0.011 0.830 0.023
0.599 0.106 0.738 0.173
0.594 0.071 0.772 0.122 0.548 0.000 0.833 0.000
0.584 0.043 0.798 0.078 0.021 0.000 0.081 0.000
0.548 0.000 0.833 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 t/°C organic-rich water-rich phase phase
T/K organic-rich phase water-rich phase

t/°C 共compiler兲 organic-rich phase water-rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 25.0 298.2 0.548 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.833 0.000 0.081 0.000
0.510 0.282 0.014 0.000 0.529 0.419 0.055 0.000
25.0 298.2 0.595 0.111 0.018 0.000 0.731 0.181 0.070 0.000
0.257 0.685 0.008 0.000 0.205 0.784 0.032 0.000
0.549 0.271 0.015 0.000 0.577 0.377 0.059 0.000
0.424 0.480 0.010 0.000 0.391 0.587 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9997 0.000 0.000
Auxiliary Information Auxiliary Information
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
The experimental methods have been described in Ref. 1. No 共1兲 source not specified. The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. A 共1兲 source not specified; used as received.
more details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 Aldrich; distilled; purity ⬎99.8 mole % by glc, ␳ binary mixture of known composition was titrated with the 共2兲 source not specified; recrystallized three times.
⫽0.692 65 gcm⫺3. third component until cloudiness was observed. Tie line 共3兲 not specified.
共3兲 not specified. compositions were related to the coexistence curve; water was
Estimated Error: described in Ref. 1. comp. ⬍0.005 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ precision on
Not reported. binodal curve兲, ⬍0.01 mole fraction 共estimated authors’
References:
1 References:
1171
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203 1
共1992兲. T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
1172
共1兲 2-Methyl-1-propanol 共isobutanol, isobutyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关78-83-1兴 17 共1992兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by the addition of
共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12; 关108-67-8兴 formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of anhydrous potassium carbonate, distilled; purity better than 99.6
7.6. 2-Methyl-1-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Mesitylene estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and
Experimental Data
Compositions along the saturation curve Referencs:1T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C.
Heward, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
w1 w2 2
T/K 共1943兲.
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 3
T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. Van der Watt, and S. Radolff,
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.021 0.000 0.081 0.000
0.546 0.000 0.832 0.000
0.560 0.021 0.805 0.049
0.577 0.089 0.719 0.180
0.568 0.150 0.646 0.276
0.549 0.226 0.566 0.378
0.504 0.311 0.479 0.479
0.445 0.413 0.387 0.583
0.368 0.531 0.294 0.687
0.271 0.670 0.198 0.792
0.149 0.825 0.100 0.896
0.077 0.906 0.050 0.948
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x 2⬙ w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
organic-rich
T/K water-rich phase water-rich phase
t/°C 共compiler兲 organic-rich phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.205 0.752 0.007 0.000 0.143 0.850 0.028 0.000
0.382 0.509 0.011 0.000 0.310 0.669 0.044 0.000
0.503 0.312 0.016 0.000 0.477 0.480 0.063 0.000
0.546 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.832 0.000 0.081 0.000
8. 2-Methyl-2-propanolⴙWater
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; I. I. Vasileva, A. A. Naymova, A. A. Polyakov, T. N. Tyvina, V.
hydrocarbon- water-
C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 V. Fokina, and N. G. Khrabrova, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲
共2兲 1-Butene; C4H8; 关106-98-9兴 63, 1432-6 1990. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 共Leningrad兲
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 p/kPa
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 63, 589–95 共1990兲兴.
80 353.2 0.0000 0.9916 0.0000 0.000 27 0.0000 0.9973 0.000 00 0.000 84 1200
T/K⫽293⫺453 A. Skrzecz 0.0149 0.9753 0.0019 0.000 27 0.0197 0.9771 0.007 77 0.000 84 1160
0.0615 0.9123 0.0068 0.000 30 0.0811 0.9105 0.027 38 0.000 91 1080
0.3384 0.0709 0.0452 0.000 73 0.6318 0.1002 0.162 80 0.001 99 690
8.1. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Butene 0.1389 0.0070 0.1389 0.0070 0.3948 0.0151 0.3948 0.0151 390a
Experimental Data 138 411.2 0.0000 0.9575 0.000 00 0.000 58 0.0000 0.9859 0.000 00 0.001 80 3790
0.1068 0.8255 0.003 90 0.000 58 0.1428 0.8352 0.015 83 0.001 78 3230
0.4102 0.3232 0.015 80 0.007 60 0.5700 0.3400 0.061 02 0.022 22 2450
w1 w2
T/K 0.3323 0.0584 0.042 50 0.001 09 0.6334 0.0843 0.154 11 0.002 99 1530
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 0.1389 0.0070 0.1389 0.0070 0.3948 0.0151 0.3948 0.0151 1000a
1840a

154 427.2 0.1396 0.0093 0.1396 0.0093 0.3949 0.0199 0.3949 0.0199
48.0 321.15 0.0582 0.0012 0.2023 0.0032 180 453.2 0.1384 0.0141 0.1384 0.0141 0.3898 0.0301 0.3898 0.0301 2500a
174.6 447.75 0.0944 0.0057 0.2974 0.0136
a
137.8 410.95 0.1030 0.0039 0.3189 0.0091 Plait point.
10.0 283.15 0.1034 0.0039 0.3198 0.0091
180.8 453.95 0.1156 0.0110 0.3438 0.0248
126.2 399.35 0.1161 0.0053 0.3480 0.0120
136.4 409.55 0.1399 0.0070 0.3968 0.0150
The synthetic method with glass ampoules, described in Ref. 共1兲 source not specified.
39.0 312.15 0.1399 0.0073 0.3967 0.0157 1, was used to visually determine the phase transition 共mass of 共2兲 source not specified.
182.0 455.15 0.1652 0.0231 0.4348 0.0460 components in the vapor phase was neglected兲. Temperature 共3兲 not specified.
133.8 406.95 0.1662 0.0109 0.4438 0.0220 was measured with a mercury thermometer. Compositions of
40.5 313.65 0.1664 0.0114 0.4439 0.0230 coexisting phases in equilibrium 共two liquids and vapor兲 were Estimated Error:
determined in a static apparatus. The liquid phases were temp. ⫾0.2 °C 共saturation curve兲 and ⫾0.5 °C 共phase
138.6 411.75 0.2155 0.0172 0.5193 0.0314
analyzed by glc. 共The pressure was reported during the equilibrium兲.
79.9 353.05 0.2542 0.0237 0.5679 0.0401 measurements at temperatures higher than 353.2 K兲.
107.0 380.15 0.2542 0.0237 0.5679 0.0401 References:
1
129.2 402.35 0.3220 0.0564 0.6243 0.0828 C. M. Khodeeva, and E. C. Lebedeva, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40, 3105
118.0 391.15 0.3271 0.0542 0.6309 0.0791 共1966兲.
57.0 330.15 0.3271 0.0542 0.6309 0.0791
100.0 373.15 0.3559 0.0735 0.6468 0.1011
135.6 408.75 0.3875 0.1167 0.6498 0.1481
105.0 378.15 0.4374 0.3487 0.5806 0.3504

143.0 416.15 0.3780 0.4415 0.5000 0.4420
180.0 453.15 0.3152 0.4680 0.4365 0.4906
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w 1⬘ w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
20 293.2 0.000 00 0.999 906 0.000 00 0.000 23 0.000 00 0.999 97 0.000 00 0.000 72
0.000 70 0.998 10 0.002 90 0.000 23 0.000 93 0.998 69 0.011 82 0.000 71
0.0204 0.9774 0.010 80 0.000 27 0.0268 0.9725 0.042 97 0.000 81
0.0347 0.9624 0.016 00 0.000 27 0.0454 0.9536 0.062 67 0.000 80
0.1389 0.0070 0.1389 0.0070 0.3948 0.0151 0.3948 0.0151a
40 313.2 0.1389 0.0070 0.1389 0.0070 0.3948 0.0151 0.3948 0.0151a
1173
1174
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
8.2. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene

system 2-methyl-2-propanol–benzene–water is given in Table 69.
TABLE 69. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-methyl-2-propanol–benzene–water
Simonsen and Washburn, 1946 298 sat. 共34兲, eq. 共11兲 1


a
FIG. 36. Phase diagram of the system 2-methyl-2-propanol 共1兲—benzene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. 䊊—experimental results, Ref. 1, set
1, 䊐—experimental results, Ref. 1, set 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 1.
The ternary system 2-methyl-2-propanol–benzene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. Only one binary system benzene–water
References:
forms a miscibility gap. These binary data were compiled and critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume, Ref. 3. The 1
D. R. Simonsen and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68, 235 共1946兲.
recommended values of mutual solubility at 298 K are x ⬘2 ⫽0.9970, x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 409. The mutual solubility of benzene and water was also 2
reported by Simonsen and Washburn, 1 共x 2⬘ ⫽0.9970, x 2⬙ ⫽0.0003兲; these are consistent with the recommended values. Letcher et al. 2 3
reported data only in graphical form. Therefore these data are not compiled. The plait point estimated by Letcher and Siswana4 was x 1
New York, 1989兲.
⫽0.16 and x 2 ⫽0.02, while the maximum alcohol concentration on the binodal curve is x 1 ⫽0.41. This point is consistent with the results 4
of Simonsen and Washburn measurements, x 1 ⫽0.38.1 The experimental tie lines at 298.2 K1 are presented in Fig. 36 together with the
experimental points along the saturation curve.
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; D. R. Simonsen and E. R. Washburn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68, x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w 1⬙ w ⬙1
C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 235–7 共1946兲.
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴 hydrocarbon- water-
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-rich
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz 25.0 298.15 0.0068 0.9876 0.0040 0.0004 0.0065 0.9922 0.0162 0.0017
0.0234 0.9680 0.0124 0.0005 0.0224 0.9756 0.0490 0.0022
0.0695 0.9151 0.0247 0.0007 0.0670 0.9294 0.0940 0.0027
Experimental Data
0.2854 0.5865 0.0415 0.0010 0.3054 0.6613 0.1508 0.0038
x1 x2 0.3504 0.4334 0.0455 0.0011 0.4076 0.5313 0.1636 0.0040
T/K 0.3793 0.3086 0.0490 0.0011 0.4861 0.4167 0.1744 0.0043
0.3799 0.1979 0.0528 0.0013 0.5497 0.3018 0.1858 0.0047
0.3388 0.1053 0.0618 0.0017 0.5793 0.1897 0.2123 0.0060
25.0 298.15 0.1022 0.8779 0.0990 0.8963 共series I兲
0.2742 0.0551 0.0767 0.0031 0.5537 0.1172 0.2526 0.0108
0.1991 0.7404 0.2003 0.7849

0.2332 0.0379 0.0905 0.0049 0.5178 0.0888 0.2867 0.0164
0.2776 0.6027 0.2947 0.6744
0.3433 0.4542 0.3941 0.5494
0.3802 0.2008 0.5481 0.3051
0.3642 0.1470 0.5709 0.2429
The titration method was used to determine the solubility 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Company, recrystallized several times;
0.3534 0.1260 0.5768 0.2167
curve. Binary mixtures were titrated until the second phase d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.780 43, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.384 83, f.p.
0.3369 0.1029 0.5794 0.1865 appeared in 50 mL flasks with mechanical shaker placed in ⫽25.66 °C.
0.2894 0.0629 0.5640 0.1292 thermostated bath. Very small drops 共5 mg of water and 4 mg 共2兲 Coleman and Bell, reagent quality grade, dried with Na and
0.2131 0.0311 0.4961 0.0762 of benzene兲 were added from capillary-tipped pipettes. An slowly distilled; middle fraction was recrystallized several times;
0.1442 0.0140 0.3967 0.0406 hour of shaking, after the last drop, was sufficient for complete d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.780 43, n(25 °C,D兲⫽1.384 83, f.p.
saturation. Two independent series were made. In the series I, ⫽25.66 °C.
0.0950 0.0056 0.2974 0.0184
refractive indexes were measured by Abbe refractometer; in 共3兲 redistilled
0.0576 0.0014 0.2001 0.0052 the series II, specific gravities were measured by
0.0413 0.0011 0.1501 0.0041 glass-stoppered, capillary steamed 5 mL pycnometers and Estimated Error:
0.0260 0.0007 0.0988 0.0027 viscosities were measured by ordinary Ostwald viscometers. temp. ⫾0.04 °C 共temperature of the bath兲.
25.0 298.15 0.0000 0.9970 0.0000 0.9993 共series II兲 Conjugate solutions were prepared by adding calculated
amounts of each component successively to 25 mL References:
0.1006 0.8781 0.0976 0.8974 1
glass-stoppered flasks. Shaking in a constant temperature bath E. R. Washburn, V. Hnizda, and R. Vold, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
0.1595 0.8009 0.1574 0.8331 was continued until constant refractive indexes of both phases 53, 3237 共1931兲.
2
0.2137 0.7115 0.2177 0.7638 were observed. After 1/2 h separation the final refractive E. R. Washburn and C. V. Strandskov, J. Phys. Chem. 48, 241
0.2771 0.6010 0.2948 0.6737 indexes of both phases were measured and the compositions 共1944兲.
0.3430 0.4524 0.3945 0.5483 were determined from the previously prepared graphs. The 3
Alberty and E. R. Washburn, J. Phys. Chem. 49, 4 共1945兲.
method was similar to that described in Refs. 1, 2, 3.

0.3814 0.2915 0.4965 0.4000
0.3651 0.1475 0.5714 0.2432
0.3393 0.1055 0.5795 0.1900
0.2832 0.0594 0.5602 0.1238
0.2058 0.0290 0.4873 0.0724
0.1450 0.0147 0.3976 0.0424
0.0962 0.0058 0.3002 0.0190
0.0584 0.0014 0.2024 0.0051
0.0268 0.0007 0.1014 0.0026
0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0015
1175
0.4252 0.2800 0.1500 0.8200
1176
0.4230 0.3000 0.1344 0.8400
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, 共1997.03兲 0.4158 0.3400 0.1024 0.8800
C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 0.4108 0.3600 0.0860 0.9000
0.4050 0.3800 0.0694 0.9200
0.3985 0.4000 0.0525 0.9400
0.3913 0.4200 0.0353 0.9600
8.3. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexane 0.3834 0.4400 0.0178 0.9800
0.3750 0.4600 0.0089 0.9900
Critical Evaluation: 0.3660 0.4800 0.0000 0.999 63 Ref. 3
0.3565 0.5000
system 2-methyl-2-propanol–cyclohexane–water is given in Table 70.
TABLE 70. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-methyl-2-propanol–cyclohexane–water

Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the 2-methyl-2-propanol–cyclohexane–water system were reported in both
references and similar experimental procedures were used. In the first step the equilibrium was reached and then the phases were separated
and the composition of each phase was analyzed. Compositions of water-rich phase of the ternary system in both references show very
Plackov and Stem, 1990 298 sat. 共19兲, eq. 共7兲 1
low concentration of cyclohexane 共0–0.001 and 0.003–0.007 mole fraction in Refs. 1 and 2, respectively兲. The tie lines cover the whole
Letcher et al., 1991 298 sat. 共15兲, eq. 共5兲 2 area of the miscibility gap. They are consistent within each data set. Data of Plackov and Stern1 cover the area of the lower concentrations

a of cyclohexane while the data of Letcher et al.2 cover the area of the higher concentrations of hydrocarbon. The areas overlap slightly
with one another; their directions differ a little. Letcher et al.2 report lower concentrations of alcohol in water-rich phase than Plackov
and Stern;1 consequently the tie lines cross. Both data sets are treated as tentative. All experimental points at 298.2 K, both saturation and
for phases in equilibrium, Refs. 1 and 2, are presented in Fig. 37.
Saturation curve
The ternary system 2-methyl-2-propanol–cyclohexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 1. The system was investigated twice at
298 K by titration method. Only the binary system cyclohexane–water forms a miscibility gap. Data of this system were compiled and
critically evaluated in a previously published SDS volume,3 the recommended values at 298 K are: x 2⬙ ⫽1.2•10⫺5 and x 3⬘ ⫽3.7•10⫺4 . The
saturated binary cyclohexane–water mixtures reported in Ref. 2 as x 2⬙ ⫽0.0 and x 3⬘ ⫽0.001 are the result of the limited analytical methods
used. The systems 2-methyl-2-propanol–water and 2-methyl-2-propanol–cyclohexane are miscible. The saturation data1,2 are consistent
with one another and with the recommended values for the binary system. All experimental solubility and equilibrium data reported in
Refs. 1 and 2 were used for calculation of saturation curve. These data were described by the equation:
x1⫽a1•共⫺ln z1兲a2•z1d3,
⬙ )/(x 20
where: z 1 ⫽(x 2 ⫹0.5•x 1 ⫺x 20 ⬘ ⫺x 20
⬙ ), x 1 , x 2 —mole fractions of component 共1兲 and 共2兲, respectively, x 20
⬘ , x 20
⬙ —values of x 2 on the
binodal curve which cuts the x 1 ⫽0 axis.
4
This equation has been proposed by Letcher et al. for the description of saturation curves of ternary alcohol–ether–water systems.
It gives better results 共the smallest standard deviation兲 for the investigated system than any other tested equation. The parameters obtained
by the least-squares method for the whole range of miscibility gap 共water-rich and hydrocarbon-rich branches were described together兲
are: a 1 ⫽1.469 36, a 2 ⫽0.972 29, a 3 ⫽1.277 11. The standard error of estimate was 0.0044. For selected concentrations of cyclohexane in
the mixture the saturation curve was calculated. The results are presented in Table 71 and in Fig. 37 as solid line.
x1 x2 x1 x2
0.0000 0.000 012 Ref. 3 0.3465 0.5200

0.1574 0.0100 0.3360 0.5400
FIG. 37. Phase diagram of the system 2-methyl-2-propanol 共1兲—cyclohexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated binodal
0.2112 0.0200 0.3251 0.5600
curve, 䊊—experimental results, Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental results, Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 1 and 2.
0.2753 0.0400 0.3137 0.5800
0.3165 0.0600 0.3020 0.6000 References:
0.3462 0.0800 0.2898 0.6200 1
0.3685 0.1000 0.2773 0.6400 2
0.3855 0.1200 0.2644 0.6600 3
0.3986 0.1400 0.2512 0.6800 New York, 1989兲.
0.4085 0.1600 0.2376 0.7000 4
0.4158 0.1800 0.2237 0.7200
0.4210 0.2000 0.2096 0.7400
0.4243 0.2200 0.1951 0.7600
0.4260 0.2400 0.1803 0.7800
0.4262 0.2600 0.1653 0.8000
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 57, 327–40 共1990兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 The titration method, as reported in Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Merck, analytical grade; used as received; n⫽1.3847, b.p.
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴 determine the solubility curve. Mixtures of known ⫽99.3 °C.
in the thermostated double-wall Erlenmayer flask, were titrated ⫽1.4232, ␳ (25 °C兲⫽773.6 kg m⫺3 , b.p.⫽80.0 °C.
Variables: Compiled by: with the less soluble component until the appearance of 共3兲 double distilled in the presence of KMnO4.
20 min. Equilibration took place in a thermostated temp. ⫾0.02 °C; composition ⬍⫾ 0.05% 共by mass兲 relative
x1 x2 1
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 three times.
25.00 298.15 0.0832 0.9018 0.0749 0.9218

0.1702 0.7982 0.1570 0.8359

0.2321 0.7045 0.2224 0.7631
0.3036 0.5923 0.3032 0.6716
0.3658 0.4723 0.3886 0.5696
0.4071 0.3537 0.4696 0.4633
0.4217 0.2654 0.5277 0.3771
0.4164 0.1850 0.5757 0.2904
0.3783 0.0658 0.6432 0.1270
0.2903 0.0439 0.5783 0.0993
0.2178 0.0224 0.5090 0.0594
0.1753 0.0142 0.4513 0.0415
0.1342 0.0076 0.3819 0.0246
0.1027 0.0035 0.3171 0.0123
0.0731 0.0010 0.2443 0.0038
0.0599 0.0004 0.2074 0.0016
0.0510 0.0003 0.1809 0.0012
0.0455 0.0002 0.1639 0.0008
0.0216 0.0002 0.0832 0.0009

x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
25.00 298.15 0.024 0.972 0.024 0.000 0.021 0.978 0.092 0.000
0.124 0.851 0.038 0.000 0.113 0.881 0.140 0.000
0.231 0.715 0.047 0.001 0.219 0.769 0.168 0.004
0.334 0.535 0.053 0.001 0.343 0.624 0.187 0.004
0.383 0.409 0.055 0.001 0.426 0.517 0.193 0.004
0.422 0.188 0.059 0.001 0.578 0.292 0.204 0.004
0.410 0.183 0.064 0.001 0.572 0.290 0.219 0.004
1177
1178
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 44, 118–21 共1991兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck; AR grade; dried by addition of anhydrous K2CO3,
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴 titration method, as described in Ref. 1. The formation of a distilled; purity ⬎99.9 mole % by glc.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 cloudy mixture was observed visually on shaking after 共2兲 BDH; Gold label grade; used as received; purity ⬎99.9 mole
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz determined by the refractive index method, Ref. 2, and a
References:
w1 w2 1
共1943兲.
3
0.138 0.009 0.388 0.029

0.192 0.017 0.476 0.048
0.259 0.031 0.555 0.075
0.361 0.080 0.614 0.155
0.416 0.157 0.596 0.255
0.429 0.252 0.541 0.361
0.411 0.362 0.469 0.469
0.364 0.481 0.384 0.576
0.297 0.612 0.293 0.685
0.212 0.744 0.199 0.791
0.110 0.873 0.100 0.897
0.056 0.938 0.050 0.949
0.000 0.999 0.0000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
25.0 298.2 0.342 0.528 0.060 0.003 0.351 0.616 0.206 0.012
0.405 0.373 0.072 0.003 0.459 0.480 0.240 0.011
0.429 0.240 0.080 0.004 0.549 0.348 0.260 0.015
0.396 0.121 0.090 0.005 0.609 0.211 0.285 0.018
0.275 0.038 0.120 0.007 0.567 0.089 0.353 0.023
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
8.4. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and
Experimental Data
1
T/K 2
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲共1943兲.
3

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.057 0.002 0.198 0.009
0.138 0.010 0.386 0.035
0.191 0.021 0.467 0.064
0.257 0.038 0.540 0.099
0.307 0.062 0.571 0.143
0.375 0.129 0.572 0.244
0.411 0.205 0.541 0.336
0.391 0.319 0.456 0.462
0.363 0.438 0.380 0.570
0.305 0.573 0.291 0.680
0.220 0.707 0.197 0.787
0.116 0.855 0.098 0.896
0.060 0.928 0.049 0.948
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.140 0.835 0.025 0.001 0.118 0.877 0.095 0.005
0.256 0.653 0.040 0.002 0.235 0.745 0.145 0.009
0.361 0.416 0.058 0.003 0.387 0.555 0.200 0.013
0.398 0.203 0.077 0.004 0.533 0.338 0.252 0.016
0.372 0.127 0.090 0.006 0.571 0.242 0.284 0.024
0.298 0.060 0.114 0.009 0.564 0.141 0.337 0.033
1179
1180
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, B. C. Bricknell, J. D. Sewry, and S. E. Radloff, J. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 Chem. Eng. Data 39, 320–3 共1994兲. The experimental methods have been described in Ref. 1. No 共1兲 source not specified.
共2兲 1-Heptene; C7H14; 关592-76-7兴 more details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 Aldrich; distilled; purity⬎99.8 mole% by glc, ␳
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 ⫽0.692 65 g cm⫺3.
Not reported.
8.5. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Heptene References:

1
Experimental Data 共1992兲.
w1 w2
T/K
25.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000

0.151 0.820 0.121 0.873
0.255 0.688 0.216 0.772
0.346 0.563 0.311 0.670
0.403 0.421 0.402 0.556
0.437 0.283 0.497 0.426
0.430 0.200 0.548 0.338
0.401 0.122 0.591 0.238
0.345 0.061 0.605 0.142
0.299 0.040 0.583 0.103
0.219 0.021 0.507 0.064
0.189 0.012 0.474 0.040
0.152 0.009 0.413 0.032
0.109 0.003 0.332 0.012
0.079 0.001 0.260 0.004
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
hydrocarbon- water-
T/K hydrocarbon- water rich phase rich phase
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase -rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.275 0.033 0.032 0.001 0.565 0.090 0.119 0.005
0.355 0.070 0.045 0.001 0.604 0.158 0.162 0.005
0.398 0.116 0.055 0.002 0.594 0.229 0.192 0.009
0.437 0.241 0.074 0.003 0.524 0.383 0.245 0.013
0.409 0.422 0.105 0.004 0.405 0.554 0.321 0.016
0.345 0.565 0.135 0.005 0.309 0.671 0.385 0.019
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. 共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff,
C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲. C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 J. Chem. Thermodyn, 21, 1053–60 共1989兲.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10;
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴关106-42-3兴
8.6. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane

Experimental Data 8.7. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙp-Xylene
Compositions along the saturation curve Experimental Data
w1 w2
t/°C w1 w2
共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲 t/°C

25.0 298.2 0.072 0.000 0.242 0.000
0.154 0.006 0.420 0.022 25.0 298.2 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.9997
0.191 0.014 0.474 0.047 0.070 0.915 0.051 0.947
0.330 0.055 0.596 0.134 0.133 0.837 0.099 0.895
0.404 0.120 0.592 0.238 0.243 0.680 0.197 0.788
0.432 0.295 0.482 0.445 0.327 0.533 0.291 0.679
0.342 0.557 0.305 0.673 0.385 0.403 0.380 0.569
0.267 0.683 0.222 0.768 0.412 0.287 0.460 0.459
0.078 0.911 0.059 0.939 0.411 0.191 0.526 0.350
0.369 0.111 0.564 0.243
0.224 0.023 0.509 0.075
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ 0.164 0.012 0.430 0.045
0.115 0.005 0.342 0.021
hydrocarbon- water- 0.041 0.003 0.148 0.015
t/°C hydrocarbon- water rich phase rich phase
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
共compiler兲 T/K rich phase -rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.427 0.160 0.090 0.000 0.574 0.291 0.289 0.000 Compositions of coexisting phases
0.423 0.351 0.054 0.000 0.444 0.498 0.190 0.000
0.212 0.762 0.019 0.000 0.170 0.825 0.074 0.000 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
0.127 0.863 0.009 0.000 0.098 0.900 0.036 0.000

hydrocarbon-
t/°C hydrocarbon- water- rich phase water-rich phase
Auxiliary Information 共compiler兲 T/K rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 25.0 298.2 0.246 0.030 0.123 0.009 0.529 0.092 0.355 0.037
The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Aldrich, Gold label, 99.5 mole %; dried with anhydrous 0.382 0.131 0.055 0.002 0.555 0.273 0.192 0.010
determine the coexistence curve. The third component was potassium carbonate, filtrated, distilled. 0.409 0.305 0.030 0.001 0.447 0.477 0.112 0.005
added from a weighed gas-tight syringe to a weighed mixture 共2兲 Analytical Carbo Erba, purity 99.5 mole %; purified by 0.367 0.444 0.018 0.001 0.350 0.606 0.070 0.006
0.332 0.522 0.015 0.000 0.298 0.670 0.059 0.000
The flask was immersed in a well controlled water bath and 0.212 0.723 0.005 0.000 0.168 0.820 0.020 0.000
1
samples of both phases were measured and related to S. W. Briggs and E. W. Commings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
1181
1182
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; Y. Y. Lee, Y.-W. Lee, W.-H. Hong, and H. Lee, J. Chem. Eng.
The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. A 共1兲 source not specified; used as received. C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 Data 33, 258–60 共1988兲.
binary mixture of known composition was titrated with the 共2兲 source not specified; recrystallized three times. 共2兲 2,4,4-Trimethylpentene 共diisobutylene isomer not
third component until cloudiness was observed. Tie line 共3兲 not specified. specified兲; C8H16; 关25167-70-8兴
compositions were related to the coexistence curve; water was 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
described in Ref. 1. comp. ⬍0.005 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ precision on Variables: Compiled by:
binodal curve兲, ⬍0.01 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ T/K⫽298– 348 A. Skrzecz
References:
1
8.8. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2,4,4-Trimethylpentene
Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲. Experimental Data
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-

25.0 298.2 0.0387 0.9601 0.0192 0.0001 0.0259 0.9739 0.0745 0.0006
0.1208 0.8762 0.0267 0.0002 0.0834 0.9161 0.1013 0.0011
0.2003 0.7372 0.0359 0.0003 0.1504 0.8382 0.1327 0.0017
0.2953 0.6267 0.0416 0.0003 0.2338 0.7512 0.1513 0.0017
0.3817 0.4700 0.0462 0.0003 0.3380 0.6301 0.1659 0.0016
0.4155 0.3617 0.0507 0.0003 0.4085 0.5383 0.1799 0.0016
0.4313 0.2478 0.0550 0.0003 0.4877 0.4242 0.1929 0.0016
0.4108 0.1374 0.0590 0.0004 0.5638 0.2855 0.2047 0.0021
0.3474 0.0702 0.0718 0.0007 0.5836 0.1785 0.2407 0.0036
0.1132 0.0028 0.1132 0.0028 0.3407 0.0128 0.3407 0.0128a
45.0 318.2 0.0525 0.9212 0.0154 0.0001 0.0361 0.9595 0.0604 0.0006
0.1412 0.8321 0.0230 0.0001 0.1003 0.8951 0.0883 0.0006
0.2361 0.7058 0.0279 0.0001 0.1790 0.8103 0.1056 0.0006
0.3318 0.5555 0.0321 0.0001 0.2765 0.7007 0.1200 0.0006
0.3888 0.4504 0.0354 0.0002 0.3504 0.6144 0.1311 0.0011
0.4309 0.3314 0.0396 0.0001 0.4351 0.5066 0.1450 0.0006
0.4367 0.2243 0.0427 0.0002 0.5086 0.3955 0.1549 0.0011
0.4164 0.1365 0.0470 0.0002 0.5691 0.2824 0.1685 0.0011
0.3587 0.0657 0.0550 0.0004 0.5998 0.1663 0.1929 0.0021
0.0984 0.0016 0.0984 0.0016 0.3079 0.0076 0.3079 0.0076a
75.0 348.2 0.0856 0.9030 0.0099 0.0004 0.0588 0.9393 0.0394 0.0024
0.1705 0.7806 0.0167 0.0001 0.1250 0.8663 0.0653 0.0006
0.2641 0.6683 0.0205 0.0001 0.2044 0.7829 0.0792 0.0006
0.3438 0.5375 0.0252 0.0002 0.2898 0.6859 0.0960 0.0012
0.4112 0.4282 0.0272 0.0002 0.3743 0.5901 0.1031 0.0011
0.4433 0.3105 0.0295 0.0002 0.4555 0.4830 0.1111 0.0011
0.4578 0.2155 0.0326 0.0002 0.5302 0.3778 0.1217 0.0011
0.4407 0.1342 0.0368 0.0002 0.5898 0.2719 0.1357 0.0011
0.3834 0.0662 0.0415 0.0002 0.6210 0.1623 0.1511 0.0011
0.0762 0.0009 0.0762 0.0009 0.2524 0.0045 0.2524 0.0045a
a
Plait points estimated by the authors.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; A. S. Dubovskaya and M. Kh. Karapetyants, Tr. Inst. - Mosk.
The tubes, of 1.5 cm internal diameter and 16 cm long, 共1兲 Junsei Chem. Co., Ltd., guaranteed reagent grade, certified C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 Khim.-Tekhnol. Inst. im. D. I. Mendeleeva 58, 92–7 共1968兲.
containing about 20 cm2 liquid, were placed in a thermostated purity ⬎99.5 mole %; used as received; purity ⬎99.9% by glc. 共2兲 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 共isooctane兲; C8H18; 关540-84-1兴
bath. After 2 h of shaking, mixtures were allowed to separate 共2兲 Wako Pure Chem. Ind. Ltd., guaranteed reagent grade, 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
for 5 h. Samples of each phase were analyzed by glc certified purity ⬎99.5 mole %; used as received; purity ⬎99.9%
共Propak-Q, 250 °C, He 50 mL/min兲 equipped with a thermal by glc. Variables: Compiled by:
conductivity detector connected with integration unit. 共3兲 de-ionized, distilled. T/K⫽298– 303 A. Skrzecz
共Syringes were heated to prevent phase separation.兲 Mean of
four analyzes was reported. Plait points were estimated by the Estimated Error:
Treybal’s method.1 temp. ⫾0.2 °C 共accuracy of bath control兲; conc. ⫾0.0005 mole
fraction.
8.9. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Experimental Data
1
R. E. Treybal, L. D. Weber, and J. F. Daley, Ind. Eng. Chem.
38, 817 共1946兲. x1 x2
T/K

0.0 273.2 0.2042 0.7320 0.1515 0.8370
0.1118 0.8094 0.0811 0.9050
0.1245 0.7770 0.0925 0.8897
0.3662 0.4593 0.3280 0.6340
0.4089 0.4012 0.3810 0.5760
0.4357 0.3181 0.4420 0.4973
0.4254 0.2335 0.4900 0.4145
0.4275 0.2288 0.4950 0.4083
0.4009 0.1152 0.5760 0.2550
0.4008 0.1123 0.5790 0.2500
0.3929 0.0984 0.5880 0.2270
0.3485 0.0630 0.5920 0.1650
0.3406 0.0567 0.5930 0.1520
0.3267 0.0471 0.5925 0.1315
0.3130 0.0474 0.5780 0.1350
0.2294 0.0172 0.5225 0.0605
0.2176 0.0145 0.5100 0.0525
0.1723 0.0059 0.4520 0.0240
20.0 293.2 0.2042 0.7320 0.1515 0.8370
0.1118 0.8094 0.0811 0.9050
0.1245 0.7770 0.0925 0.8897

0.3662 0.4593 0.3280 0.6340
0.4089 0.4012 0.3810 0.5760
0.4254 0.2335 0.4900 0.4145
0.4275 0.2288 0.4950 0.4083
0.4398 0.1701 0.5520 0.3290
0.4291 0.1691 0.5450 0.3310
0.4282 0.1438 0.5680 0.2940
0.3993 0.0969 0.5950 0.2225
0.3335 0.0494 0.5960 0.1360
0.3260 0.0476 0.5910 0.1330
0.3158 0.0445 0.5850 0.1270
0.2694 0.0303 0.5540 0.0960
0.2138 0.0146 0.5044 0.0531
0.2084 0.0136 0.4980 0.0500
0.1726 0.0074 0.4502 0.0298
0.1274 0.0045 0.3688 0.0202
1183
30.0 303.2 0.1148 0.7986 0.0840 0.9006
0.1520 0.7469 0.1145 0.8670
0.2721 0.6267 0.2155 0.7650
1184
0.4162 0.3618 0.4050 0.5425
0.4418 0.1684 0.5550 0.3260 The titration method was used to determine the solubility 共1兲 source not specified; d(20 °C,20 °C)⫽0.7894, n(25 °C,D)
curve. Binary hydrocarbon–alcohol mixtures were titrated with ⫽1.3860, m.p.⫽25 °C; used as received.
0.4155 0.1027 0.6015 0.2290
water until turbidity was observed, as described in Ref. 4. The 共2兲 source not specified; d(20 °C,20 °C)⫽0.6890, n(25 °C,D)
0.4126 0.1028 0.5990 0.2300 titration was repeated several times to eliminate errors. The ⫽1.3890.
0.3470 0.0519 0.6055 0.1395 relationship of density versus composition of saturated mixture 共3兲 doubly distilled.
0.3430 0.0509 0.6030 0.1380 was used later to calculate equilibrium. The method was tested
0.3492 0.0516 0.6080 0.1385 on the ethanol–heptane–water system and the results were in Estimated Error:
agreement with literature data. The analytical method was used temp. ⫾0.1 K; conc. ⫾0.0001.
0.2785 0.0315 0.5630 0.0980
to determine liquid–liquid equilibria. A binary mixture of
0.2292 0.0196 0.5185 0.0685 known composition was placed in a special thermostated References:
0.2162 0.0142 0.5085 0.0515 vessel and the third component was added to obtain a 1
V. F. Alekseev, Gorn. Zh. 2, 385 共1985兲.
2
0.2101 0.0146 0.4990 0.0535 two-phase mixture. This mixture was agitated for 3–4 h to N. A. Izmajlov and A. K. Franke, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 29, 120
0.1754 0.0075 0.4550 0.0300 ensure equilibrium. The mixture was allowed to stand 1–2 h 共1955兲.
to become clear and then both phases were taken for density 3
E. N. Zilberman Zh. Fiz. Khim. 28, 1458 共1952兲.
0.1501 0.0046 0.4140 0.0195
measurements. On the basis the previously constructed 4
0.1477 0.0042 0.4100 0.0178 relationship of density versus composition of the saturated
0.1463 0.0044 0.4070 0.0190 mixture, the composition of the mixture in equilibrium was
0.1376 0.0033 0.3916 0.0144 calculated. Concentrations of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in the

0.1179 0.0016 0.3526 0.0074 water-rich phase were reported in the paper for several
experimental points as ⬍0.0010 of mass fraction while the
0.1012 0.0004 0.3160 0.0019
sums of water and alcohol concentrations were equal to
0.0883 0.0000 0.2850 0.0000 1.0000. Recalculations to mole fraction were made treating
them as real values.
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
hydrocarbon- water-
30.0 303.2 0.1404 0.7708 0.0269 0.0002 0.1040 0.8800 0.1020 ⬍0.0010
0.3028 0.5767 0.0381 0.0002 0.2480 0.7280 0.1400 ⬍0.0010
0.3768 0.4570 0.0456 0.0002 0.3360 0.6280 0.1640 ⬍0.0010
0.4288 0.2968 0.0560 0.0002 0.4500 0.4800 0.1960 ⬍0.0010
0.4397 0.1931 0.0636 0.0004 0.5320 0.3600 0.2180 0.0020
0.4233 0.1205 0.0744 0.0004 0.5880 0.2580 0.2480 0.0020
0.4098 0.1035 0.0803 0.0002 0.5960 0.2320 0.2640 ⬍0.0010
0.3891 0.0789 0.0841 0.0002 0.6080 0.1900 0.2740 ⬍0.0010
0.3560 0.0562 0.0904 0.0002 0.6080 0.1480 0.2900 ⬍0.0010
0.2829 0.0275 0.1172 0.0009 0.5740 0.0860 0.3520 0.0040
0.1844 0.0087 0.1844 0.0087 0.468 0.034 0.468 0.034a
0.1839 0.0082 0.1839 0.0082 0.468 0.032 0.468 0.032b
0.1797 0.0055 0.1797 0.0055 0.465 0.022 0.465 0.022c
The authors calculated critical points: 共a兲 by Alekseev’s, Ref. 1, 共b兲 by Izmailov’s, Ref. 2, and 共c兲 by Zilberman’s, Ref. 3, methods,
respectively.
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12 ; 关108-67-8兴 formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of anhydrous potassium carbonate, distilled; purity better than 99.6
8.10. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Mesitylene estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and
Experimental Data
1
T/K 2
3

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.115 0.003 0.344 0.015
0.164 0.011 0.429 0.047
0.224 0.022 0.506 0.081
0.304 0.047 0.565 0.142
0.375 0.099 0.565 0.242
0.413 0.170 0.523 0.349
0.425 0.262 0.459 0.459
0.401 0.371 0.379 0.569
0.349 0.504 0.290 0.680
0.267 0.660 0.197 0.790
0.149 0.827 0.100 0.896
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.290 0.615 0.030 0.000 0.221 0.761 0.113 0.000
0.381 0.430 0.038 0.000 0.339 0.620 0.140 0.000
0.421 0.228 0.055 0.000 0.481 0.422 0.193 0.000
0.362 0.088 0.080 0.001 0.567 0.224 0.262 0.005
0.282 0.041 0.100 0.002 0.550 0.130 0.311 0.010
1185
9. 1-Butanol ⴙWater
1186
共1兲 2-Methyl-2-propanol 共tert-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol兲; M. K. Silva, M. J. Michnick, and G. P. Willhite, Fluid Phase Components: Evaluated by:
C4H10O; 关75-65-0兴 Equilib. 59, 247–62 共1990兲. 共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
共2兲 Tetradecane 共n-tetradecane兲; C14H30 ; 关629-59-4兴 C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.03兲
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴
9.1. 1-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene

8.11. 2-Methyl-2-propanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Tetradecane Critical Evaluation:
Experimental Data A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
system 1-butanol–benzene–water is given in Table 72.
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
TABLE 72. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-butanol–benzene–water
hydrocarbon- water-
T/K rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water- Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref.
Perrakis, 1925 292 sat. 共10兲 1

25.0 298.2 0.2503 0.6653 0.1415 0.0004 0.122 0.868 0.403 0.003 Washburn and Strandskov, 1944 298, 308 sat. 共20兲, eq. 共28兲 2
0.2533 0.6474 0.1530 0.0008 0.126 0.862 0.424 0.006 Staveley et al., 1951 287–333 sat. 共28兲 3
0.2684 0.6335 0.1983 0.0024 0.135 0.853 0.497 0.016 Letcher et al., 1990 298 sat. 共14兲, eq. 共3兲 4
0.2737 0.6359 0.2038 0.0023 0.137 0.852 0.506 0.015
a
0.2819 0.6282 0.2212 0.0025 0.142 0.847 0.531 0.016
0.2835 0.6267 0.2229 0.0027 0.143 0.846 0.533 0.017
Saturation curve
0.2922 0.6260 0.2447 0.0033 0.147 0.843 0.561 0.020
The system 1-butanol–benzene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. Two binary systems, 1-butanol–water and benzene–water
0.2954 0.6230 0.2506 0.0035 0.149 0.841 0.568 0.021
are partially miscible. The data of these systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 5 and
0.3003 0.6185 0.2602 0.0039 0.152 0.838 0.579 0.023
6, respectively. Data on the saturation curve of the organic-rich phase were presented in all four references, while data for the water-rich
0.3019 0.6170 0.2651 0.0039 0.153 0.837 0.585 0.023
phase were presented only in Ref. 2 as saturation compositions and as a part of equilibrium data. Data of Letcher et al.4 were presented
0.3668 0.4529 0.4110 0.0196 0.226 0.747 0.683 0.087
in graphical form only and therefore are not presented here as a compilation sheet. The data of Staveley et al.3 show the relationship of
0.3807 0.4308 0.4306 0.0234 0.241 0.730 0.688 0.100
saturation composition to temperature; the data describe the region of low 1-butanol concentrations 共⬍0.1 mole fraction兲 and high
0.3974 0.4070 0.4460 0.0289 0.259 0.710 0.685 0.119
benzene concentrations 共⬎0.88 mole fraction兲. The paper of Peraksis1 at 292 K reports a much smaller solubility gap than other data sets
0.4108 0.3818 0.4577 0.0348 0.277 0.689 0.679 0.138
at slightly higher temperatures. This paper also reports outlying results for other alcohol–benzene–water systems and therefore these data
0.4439 0.3250 0.4834 0.0503 0.324 0.635 0.661 0.184
are rejected and not compiled. The other data sets are treated as tentative. The temperature of 298.2 K as a standard temperature in which
Comments: Data reported in the above table were adjusted by the compiler so that the sum of mass fractions equaled 1.000, the presented various alcohol–hydrocarbon–water systems are presented, was chosen to present the behavior of the system in Fig. 38. The recom-
results were always within the authors’ 95% confidence interval. mended values of mutual solubility at 298.2 K are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9970 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 409 for benzene–water system5 and x 1⬘ ⫽0.488, x 1⬙
⫽0.0191 for 1-butanol–water.6 The maximum 1-butanol concentration in organic-rich phase of this ternary system was observed to be
Auxiliary Information x 1 ⫽0.532, Ref. 2; similar values were presented as a graph in Ref. 4. The water-rich phase compositions are very closed to the side of
concentration triangle diagram and are consistent with recommended binary data.5,6
The analytical method was used. Mixtures containing 共1兲 Fisher Scientific, certified; used as received; purity ⬎99 Phases in equilibrium
approximately equal volumes of each phase, in vials capped wt %, verified by glc. Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium of the ternary 1-butanol–benzene–water system were reported by Washburn and
with teflon-lined septa were vigorously shaken and then 共2兲 Aldrich, certified; used as received; purity ⬎99 wt %,
Strandskov at 298.2 K and 308 K and cover the whole range of the miscibility gap. Graphical data of Letcher et al.4 at 298 K were not
2
allowed to equilibrate at least 24 h in a thermostated water verified by glc.
bath. Six to 14 glc analyses1 with ethanol as the internal 共3兲 de-ionized and distilled, sodium concentration ⬍0.025 ppm taken into account. The tie lines are consistent within each data set and are consistent with one another. Both equilibrium data sets are
standard, were performed on each sample. Reported sodium. treated as tentative. The experimental tie lines at 298.2 K, are presented in Fig. 38.
concentrations of each component were bounded by estimated Estimated Error:
95% confidence interval, but the sum of mass fraction differed temp. ⫾0.1 °C; composition 0.3%–3.0% of the measured value
from 1.000. 共estimated by the authors兲.
References:
1
M. K. Silva, Dissertation, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas,
1990.
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; E. R. Washburn and C. V. Strandskov, J. Phys. Chem. 48, 241–5
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴共1944兲.

T/K⫽298 and 308 A. Skrzecz
Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
25.0 298.15 0.1025 0.8843 0.0988 0.8981

0.1685 0.7976 0.1656 0.8263

0.2120 0.7362 0.2119 0.7755
0.2518 0.6848 0.2546 0.7298
0.3152 0.5820 0.3306 0.6432
FIG. 38. Phase diagram of the system 1-butanol 共1兲—benzene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 2, dashed lines—
0.3724 0.4991 0.4006 0.5658
0.3987 0.4464 0.4397 0.5188
0.4445 0.3586 0.5108 0.4342
References:
0.4789 0.2995 0.5645 0.3720
1
N. Perrakis, J. Chem. Phys. 22, 280 共1925兲.
0.4956 0.2640 0.5955 0.3343
2
E. R. Washburn and C. V. Strandskov, J. Phys. Chem. 48, 241 共1944兲.
0.5121 0.2095 0.6397 0.2758
3
0.5312 0.1456 0.6960 0.2011
4
0.5323 0.0810 0.7480 0.1199
5
New York, 1989兲. 0.5147 0.0294 0.7840 0.0472
6
A. F. M. Barton, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 15, Alcohols with Water 共Pergamon, New York, 1984兲. 0.0090 0.0007 0.0358 0.0030
0.0059 0.0005 0.0237 0.0020
35.0 308.15 0.0708 0.9168 0.0681 0.9290
0.1165 0.8640 0.1129 0.8825
0.1665 0.8032 0.1632 0.8296
0.2356 0.7017 0.2379 0.7467
0.3243 0.5777 0.3389 0.6362
0.3748 0.4881 0.4063 0.5576
0.4097 0.4146 0.4607 0.4913

0.4722 0.2946 0.5626 0.3699
0.4892 0.2373 0.6071 0.3104
0.5127 0.1475 0.6829 0.2071
0.5130 0.0757 0.7406 0.1151
0.5045 0.0324 0.7747 0.0525
0.0129 0.0007 0.0508 0.0028
0.0047 0.0004 0.0190 0.0018
1187
1188
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x 2⬙ w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; L. A. K. Staveley, R. G. S. Johns, and B. C. Moore, J. Chem.
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 Soc. 2516–23 共1957兲.
water-rich 共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴
T/K organic-rich phase phase organic-rich water-rich 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
25.0 298.15 0.0253 0.9747 0.0047 0.0005 0.024 0.976 0.019 0.002 T/K⫽286– 333 A. Skrzecz
0.0515 0.9485 0.0062 0.0005 0.049 0.951 0.025 0.002
0.0659 0.9297 0.0072 0.0005 0.063 0.936 0.029 0.002
Experimental Data
0.2505 0.6923 0.0095 0.0007 0.252 0.734 0.038 0.003 Compositions along the saturation curve
0.3102 0.5914 0.0103 0.0007 0.324 0.651 0.041 0.003
0.3687 0.5014 0.0114 0.0010 0.397 0.569 0.045 0.004 w1 w2
0.4059 0.4312 0.0124 0.0007 0.451 0.505 0.049 0.003 T/K
0.4390 0.3732 0.0127 0.0010 0.500 0.448 0.050 0.004
0.4750 0.3105 0.0135 0.0007 0.556 0.383 0.053 0.003
24.7 297.85 0.008 02 0.988 708 0.007 633 0.991 611
0.4966 0.2608 0.0140 0.0007 0.598 0.331 0.055 0.003
32.6 305.75 0.008 02 0.987 635 0.007 639 0.991 355
0.5091 0.2216 0.0148 0.0007 0.630 0.289 0.058 0.003
42.3 315.45 0.008 02 0.985 953 0.007 649 0.990 954

0.5197 0.1907 0.0153 0.0007 0.657 0.254 0.060 0.003
51.5 324.65 0.008 02 0.983 756 0.007 662 0.990 429
0.5316 0.0758 0.0164 0.0007 0.752 0.113 0.064 0.003
16.8 289.95 0.014 05 0.982 584 0.013 376 0.985 845
0.5177 0.0366 0.0172 0.0005 0.779 0.058 0.067 0.002
35.6 308.75 0.014 05 0.979 741 0.013 406 0.985 154
35.0 308.15 0.0376 0.9538 0.0042 0.0005 0.036 0.962 0.017 0.002
45.1 318.25 0.014 05 0.977 894 0.013 425 0.984 704
0.0890 0.8939 0.0067 0.0007 0.086 0.910 0.027 0.003
54.2 327.35 0.014 05 0.975 570 0.013 449 0.984 136
0.1568 0.8179 0.0077 0.0007 0.153 0.841 0.031 0.003
18.8 291.95 0.026 15 0.969 185 0.024 937 0.973 982
0.2128 0.7338 0.0088 0.0005 0.213 0.774 0.035 0.002
26.8 299.95 0.026 15 0.968 104 0.024 958 0.973 709
0.2813 0.6423 0.0095 0.0005 0.288 0.693 0.038 0.002
35.0 308.15 0.026 15 0.966 882 0.024 981 0.973 401
0.3309 0.5708 0.0100 0.0007 0.346 0.629 0.040 0.003
44.0 317.15 0.026 15 0.965 339 0.025 011 0.973 010
0.3842 0.4725 0.0111 0.0007 0.419 0.543 0.044 0.003
51.9 325.05 0.026 15 0.963 580 0.025 045 0.972 564
0.4340 0.3720 0.0116 0.0007 0.497 0.449 0.046 0.003
14.8 287.95 0.0329 0.961 345 0.031 411 0.967 254
0.4642 0.3154 0.0124 0.0007 0.546 0.391 0.049 0.003
26.4 299.55 0.0329 0.960 018 0.031 443 0.966 912
0.4826 0.2637 0.0129 0.0007 0.587 0.338 0.051 0.003
34.3 307.45 0.0329 0.959 035 0.031 467 0.966 658
0.5029 0.1924 0.0134 0.0005 0.645 0.260 0.053 0.002
45.9 319.05 0.0329 0.957 355 0.031 508 0.966 223
0.5135 0.1334 0.0148 0.0005 0.694 0.190 0.058 0.002
57.9 331.05 0.0329 0.955 300 0.031 559 0.965 690
0.5102 0.0475 0.0166 0.0000 0.764 0.075 0.065 0.000
12.6 285.75 0.0561 0.935 951 0.053 716 0.944 434
24.1 297.25 0.0561 0.934 520 0.053 776 0.944 039
47.2 320.35 0.0561 0.931 23 0.053 914 0.943 127
60.2 333.35 0.0561 0.929 23 0.053 998 0.942 570
Solubilities were determined by titration of weighed solutions 共1兲 Eastman Kodak Co., better grade; dried by refluxing over
13.8 286.95 0.0973 0.890 40 0.093 681 0.903 441
to permanent appearance of a second phase. Observations were active lime, distilled; d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.806 49.
made with both reflected and transmitted light and against a 共2兲 Coleman and Bell, reagent quality grade; dried with Na, 24.3 297.45 0.0973 0.888 51 0.093 820 0.902 855
light or dark background. The titrant was added from a pipet crystallized several times; f.p.⫽5.45 °C. 35.6 308.75 0.0973 0.886 45 0.093 971 0.902 215
which ended with in fine capillary; the amount added was 共3兲 doubly distilled over KMnO4. 46.8 319.95 0.0973 0.884 33 0.094 127 0.901 554
determined by weight. The total mass of the mixture was 59.5 332.65 0.0973 0.881 73 0.094 320 0.900 740
18–25 g. Refractive indexes of saturated solutions were Estimated Error:
measured and plotted as a function of concentration. Tie-lines temp. ⫾0.05 °C.
were determined by adding alcohol in varying amounts to Auxiliary Information
binary water–benzene mixtures. After separation, refractive
indexes of conjugate layers were determined and the Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
concentrations were read from the plots. The synthetic method was used. Mixtures were prepared in a 共1兲 source not specified; dried by refluxing over freshly ignited
closed apparatus; components were degassed by repeated lime, and then with aluminum amalgam, distilled. 共1兲 source not
freezing, evacuation, and melting; a known amount of each specified; used as received.
component was introduced into a tube by condensation and the 共2兲 source not specified; chemically purified, crystallized,
tube was sealed. The volume of each tube was about 30 mL. distilled, dried over phosphoric anhydride.
Estimated Error:
composition ⬍0.2%; temp. ⬍0.2 °C.
0.4934 0.2800 0.1508 0.8200
0.4848 0.3000 0.1345 0.8400
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol; butyl alcohol; n-butyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of 0.4663 0.3400 0.1012 0.8800
0.4463 0.3800 0.0669 0.9200
0.4358 0.4000 0.0495 0.9400
0.4250 0.4200 0.0318 0.9600
9.2. 1-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexane 0.4139 0.4400 0.0138 0.9800
0.4024 0.4600 0.0048 0.9900
0.3907 0.4800 0.0000 0.99963 Ref. 3
system 1-butanol–cyclohexane–water is given in Table 73. 0.3787 0.5000 0.0000 0.000012 Ref. 3
0.3664 0.5200 0.0191 0.0000 Ref. 4
TABLE 73. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-butanol–cyclohexane–water
Author共s兲 T/K Type of dataa Ref. Phases in equilibrium

Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 1-butanol–cyclohexane–water were reported in two refer-
Plackov and Stern, 1990 298 sat. 共13兲, eq. 共6兲 1 ences at 298.2 K by similar experimental procedures. First equilibrium was reached, then the phases were separated and the composition
sat. 共14兲, eq. 共5兲 of each was determined. Compositions of the water-rich phase in equilibrium were reported as binary 1-butanol–water mixtures; the

Letcher et al., 1991 298 2
analytical methods could not detect cyclohexane. The tie lines cover the whole area of the miscibility gap and they are consistent within
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. each data set. Distribution of 1-butanol differs between data sets with Letcher et al. 2 reporting lower concentrations of alcohol in the
water-rich phase than the data of Plackov and Stern.1 The data become similar only in the area of low cyclohexane concentrations 共x 2⬘
⬍0.090 in the organic-rich phase兲. Both data sets are treated as tentative. All experimental data points at 298.2 K are shown in Fig. 39.
Saturation curve
The ternary system 1-butanol–cyclohexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. The system was studied by titration method at
298.2 K in both cases. Two binary systems, cyclohexane–water and 1-butanol–water, form miscibility gaps. The data of these binary
systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, respectively. The recommended
values of mutual solubility at 298 K are: for cyclohexane–water system x ⬙2 ⫽1.2•10⫺5 and x ⬘3 ⫽3.7•10⫺4 , 3 and for 1-butanol–water
system x ⬘1 ⫽0.488 and x ⬙1 ⫽0.0191.4 Letcher et al.2 reported ternary data and the mutual solubility of the binary systems. The end points
of the saturation curve were reported to be x 2 ⫽0.999 and pure water which is inconsistent with recommended values but within the
accuracy of experimental measurements 共0.001 mole fraction兲 stated by the authors. Binary solubility data of the 1-butanol–water system
reported in Ref. 2 as x 1 ⫽0.488 and x 1 ⫽0.019 were consistent with the ‘‘best values’’ reported in the critical evaluation, Ref. 3. Plackov
and Stern1 reported the solubility of 1-butanol in water to be x ⬙1 ⫽0.0187. This result is also consistent with recommended data. These
experimental data are consistent with one another. Compositions of the water-rich phase of the ternary system, Refs. 1 and 2, were
reported as binary 1-butanol–water mixtures; the analytical methods used could not detect cyclohexane. Therefore the water-rich branch
cannot be evaluated. Phase equilibrium data were included with the description of the saturation curve of the organic-rich phase and data
at 298.2 K were described by the equation:
x1⫽0.695 74⫹0.046 03 ln共x2兲⫺0.440 62x 2 ⫺0.259 44x 22 .
The model applies to the region 0.02⬍x 2 ⬍0.99. The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method. The standard error of
estimate was 0.0043. The points on the saturation curve calculated by the above equation for selected concentrations of cyclohexane in
the mixture are presented in Table 74 and in Fig. 39 as a calculated binodal curve 共solid line兲.
TABLE 74. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 298.2 K 共organic-rich phase兲
x1 x2 x1 x2
0.488 0.000 Ref. 4 0.3538 0.5400

FIG. 39. Phase diagram of the system 1-butanol 共1兲—cyclohexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated binodal curve,
0.5068 0.0200 0.3409 0.5600 䊊—experimental results of Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 1 and 2.
0.5295 0.0400 0.3278 0.5800
0.5389 0.0600 0.3145 0.6000 References:
0.5426 0.0800 0.3008 0.6200 1
0.5431 0.1000 0.2869 0.6400 2
0.5415 0.1200 0.2728 0.6600 3
0.5385 0.1400 0.2584 0.6800 New York, 1989兲.
0.5342 0.1600 0.2438 0.7000 4
0.5291 0.1800 0.2289 0.7200
0.5232 0.2000 0.2138 0.7400
1189
0.5166 0.2200 0.1984 0.7600
0.5094 0.2400 0.1828 0.7800
0.5016 0.2600 0.1669 0.8000
1190
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; D. Plackov, and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 57, 327–40 共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem.
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴共1990兲. C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 44, 118–21 共1991兲.
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12; 关110-82-7兴

Experimental Data Experimental values:

w1 w2 w1 w2
T/K t/ °C
t/ °C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲
25.00 298.15 0.1028 0.8853 0.0925 0.9049 25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.1899 0.7657 0.1775 0.8125 0.019 0.000 0.074 0.000
0.2526 0.6851 0.2416 0.7439 0.488 0.000 0.797 0.000

0.3008 0.6153 0.2950 0.6851 0.502 0.014 0.790 0.025
0.3553 0.5324 0.3599 0.6124
0.546 0.120 0.715 0.178
0.4204 0.4290 0.4453 0.5159
0.530 0.201 0.644 0.277
0.4552 0.3686 0.4966 0.4566
0.493 0.289 0.564 0.375
0.4889 0.2958 0.5574 0.3829
0.444 0.392 0.478 0.479
0.5204 0.2228 0.6226 0.3027
0.375 0.501 0.385 0.584
0.5381 0.1425 0.6921 0.2081
0.300 0.620 0.293 0.688
0.5371 0.0806 0.7444 0.1268
0.5143 0.0251 0.7855 0.0435 0.212 0.746 0.198 0.792
0.0187 0.0000 0.0727 0.0000 0.110 0.871 0.100 0.896
0.056 0.934 0.050 0.948
0.000 0.999 0.0000 0.9998
T/K organic-rich water-rich organic-rich phase water-rich phase x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙

t/ °C organic-rich water-rich organic-rich phase water-rich phase
25.00 298.15 0.089 0.893 0.010 0.000 0.080 0.916 0.040 0.000 共compiler兲 T/K phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.261 0.672 0.012 0.000 0.251 0.733 0.048 0.000
0.411 0.446 0.013 0.000 0.432 0.532 0.051 0.000 25.0 298.2 0.488 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.797 0.000 0.074 0.000
0.528 0.192 0.015 0.000 0.649 0.268 0.059 0.000 0.530 0.050 0.016 0.000 0.769 0.082 0.063 0.000
0.530 0.089 0.016 0.000 0.732 0.140 0.063 0.000 0.542 0.110 0.014 0.000 0.721 0.166 0.055 0.000
0.504 0.020 0.018 0.000 0.785 0.035 0.070 0.000 0.431 0.409 0.009 0.000 0.461 0.497 0.036 0.000
0.300 0.615 0.005 0.000 0.294 0.685 0.020 0.000

The titration method, as reported in Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Zorka 共Sabac兲, analytical grade; used as received; n
determine the solubility curve. Mixtures of known ⫽1.3972, ␳ (25 °C兲⫽805.9 kg m⫺3, b.p.⫽117.4 °C.
composition, stirred magnetically and placed in a temperature 共2兲 Kemika 共Zagreb兲, analytical grade; used as received; n
controlled double-wall Erlenmayer flask, were titrated with the ⫽1.4232, ␳ (25 °C)⫽773.6 kg m⫺3, b.p.⫽80.0 °C.
less soluble component until the appearance of turbidity. The 共3兲 double distilled in the presence of KMnO4.
analytical method was used to determine liquid–liquid
equilibria. The mixture was shaken for at least 20 min. Estimated Error:
Equilibration took place in a thermostated double-walled temp. ⫾0.02 °C; composition ⬍ ⫾0.05% 共by mass兲 relative
separatory funnel of 250 mL over 2 h. The refractive index error.
and density of both phases were measured. The composition
was calculated from the calibration data by polynomial References:
1
regression analysis. Third order polynomials were used. Each E. R. Washburn, C. L. Graham, G. B. Arnold, and L. F.
experiment was repeated three times. Transuel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1454 共1940兲.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol; butyl alcohol; n-butyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck; AR grade; dried by addition of anhydrous K2CO3, C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1995.09兲
titration method, as described in Ref. 1. The formation of a distilled; purity ⬎99.9 mole % by glc. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
were precisely weighted. Tie line compositions were 共3兲 not specified.
determined by the refractive index method, Ref. 2, and a 9.3. 1-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane
Measurements were made at pressure of 94.7 kPa. composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction 共binodal curve兲, ⫾0.01 mole Critical Evaluation:
fraction 共tie lines兲. A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
system 1-butanol–hexane–water is given in Table 75.
References:
1
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. TABLE 75. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-butanol–1-hexane–water
2
共1943兲. Author共s兲 T/k Type of dataa Ref.
3
Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053 共1989兲. Sugi and Katayama, 1977 298 sat. 共15兲, eq. 共7兲 1

Morozov et al., 1978 333 sat. 共7兲 2
a
Saturation curve
The ternary system 1-butanol–hexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. The system was studied by the titration method in both
cases and is presented below at 298.2 K. Two binary systems, hexane–water and 1-butanol–water, form miscibility gaps. The data for
these binary systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, respectively. The
recommended values of mutual solubility at 298 K are: for hexane–water system x ⬙2 ⫽2.3•10⫺6 and x ⬘2 ⫽0.999 53, Ref. 3, and for
1-butanol–water system x ⬘1 ⫽0.488 and x ⬙1 ⫽0.0191, Ref. 4. The solubility of water in hexane, reported by Sugi and Katayama1 (x ⬘2
⫽0.99949) is consistent with recommended value of Ref. 3, while mutual solubility of 1-butanol–water system 共x ⬙1 ⫽0.0151 and x ⬘1
⫽0.5032兲 differ a little from recommended data, Ref. 4. Both data sets measured at various temperatures are mutually consistent and are
treated as tentative. Compositions of water-rich phase were reported as hexane free in Ref. 1 and therefore this branch cannot be
evaluated. The organic-rich phase data of Ref. 1 共saturation and equilibrium data together兲 were described by the equation:
x1⫽0.694 76⫹0.046 08 ln共x2兲⫺0.404 41x 2 ⫺0.283 19x 22 .
The model applies to the region 0.03⬍x 2 ⬍0.86, as data reported in Ref. 1. The parameters were calculated by the least-squares
method. The standard error of estimate was 0.0017. The points on the saturation curve calculated by the above equation for selected
concentrations of hexane in the mixture are presented in Table 76 and in Fig. 40 as a calculated binodal curve 共solid line兲.
1191
TABLE 76. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 298.2 K.
1192
x1 x2 x1 x2
0.488 0.000 Ref. 4 0.4016 0.4800

0.5208 0.0300 0.3898 0.5000
0.5298 0.0400 0.3778 0.5200
0.5398 0.0600 0.3654 0.5400
0.5442 0.0800 0.3528 0.5600
0.5454 0.1000 0.3398 0.5800
0.5445 0.1200 0.3266 0.6000
0.5420 0.1400 0.3131 0.6200
0.5384 0.1600 0.2994 0.6400
0.5338 0.1800 0.2853 0.6600
0.5284 0.2000 0.2710 0.6800
0.5223 0.2200 0.2565 0.7000
0.5156 0.2400 0.2416 0.7200
0.5084 0.2600 0.2265 0.7400
0.5007 0.2800 0.2112 0.7600

0.4925 0.3000 0.1956 0.7800
0.4838 0.3200 0.1797 0.8000
0.4748 0.3400 0.1636 0.8200 FIG. 40. Phase diagram of the system 1-butanol 共1兲—hexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated binodal curve,
0.4654 0.3600 0.1472 0.8400 䊊—experimental results of Ref. 1, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 1.
0.4556 0.3800 0.1306 0.8600
0.4455 0.4000 0.0000 0.99953 Ref. 3 References:
0.4350 0.4200 0.0000 2.3•10⫺6 Ref. 3
1
H. Sugi and T. Katayama, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 10, 400 共1977兲.
0.4242 0.4400 0.0191 0.0000 Ref. 4
2
A. V. Morozov, A. G. Sarkisov, V. B. Turovskii, and V. I. Ilyaskin, Dep. Doc. VINITI 102–78, 1 共1978兲.
0.4130 0.4600
3
New York, 1989兲.
4
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 1-butanol–hexane–water were reported only by Sugi and
Katayama.1 Concentration of hexane in the water-rich phase in equilibrium was assumed to be 0.0. The tie lines cover the whole area of
the miscibility gap and are consistent within data set. Consequently they are treated as tentative. All experimental data points at 298.2 K
are shown in Fig. 40.
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol; butyl alcohol; n-butyl alcohol兲; H. Sugi and T. Katayama, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 10, 400-2 共1977兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 A combination of a titration and analytical method was used. 共1兲 Merck Uvasol, spectrograde; used as received; densities
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 The apparatus and experimental procedure were described in agreed within 0.0003 with literature values.
Ref. 1. For glc analysis a 1.6 m column filled with Poropak-Q 共2兲 Merck Uvasol, spectrograde; used as received; densities
Variables: Compiled by: was used. Solubility of water in hexane was determined by the agreed within 0.0003 with literature values.
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz Karl Fischer method. Composition of the water-rich phase was 共3兲 de-ionized, twice distilled.
determined by the gross composition of phase split liquid
mixture and composition of the organic phase 共concentration Estimated Error:
Experimental Data of hexane was assumed to be 0兲. Not reported.
References:
1
w1 w2 H. Sugi, T. Nitta, and T. Katayama, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 9, 12
T/K 共1976兲.
25.0 298.2 0.0000 0.99949 0.0000 0.99989

0.1255 0.8630 0.1109 0.8866

0.1839 0.7960 0.1650 0.8306
0.2337 0.7342 0.2134 0.7795
0.2928 0.6459 0.2766 0.7093
0.3548 0.5557 0.3470 0.6318
0.4220 0.4460 0.4339 0.5331
0.4709 0.3427 0.5148 0.4356
0.5035 0.2714 0.5763 0.3611
0.5091 0.2560 0.5894 0.3446
0.5407 0.1598 0.6765 0.2324
0.5413 0.0792 0.7460 0.1269
0.5229 0.0310 0.7835 0.0540
0.5032 0.0000 0.8065 0.0000
0.0151 0.0000 0.0593 0.0000
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
25.0 298.2 0.1540 0.8328 0.0066 0.0000 0.1368 0.8603 0.0266 0.0000
0.2118 0.7601 0.0071 0.0000 0.1921 0.8017 0.0286 0.0000
0.3547 0.5571 0.0080 0.0000 0.3464 0.6326 0.0321 0.0000
0.4207 0.4460 0.0090 0.0000 0.4330 0.5337 0.0360 0.0000
0.4942 0.2983 0.0102 0.0000 0.5544 0.3890 0.0407 0.0000
0.5311 0.1989 0.0120 0.0000 0.6414 0.2793 0.0476 0.0000
0.5413 0.0669 0.0129 0.0000 0.7578 0.1089 0.0510 0.0000
1193
1194
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; A. V. Morozov, A. G. Sarkisov, V. B. Turovskii, and V. I. 共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 Ilyaskin, Dep. Doc. VINITI 102-78, 1–9 共1978兲. C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.12兲
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴

T/K⫽333 A. Skrzecz 9.4. 1-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene
Experimental Data
system 1-butanol–toluene–water is given in Table 77.
w1 w2
T/K TABLE 77. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-butanol–toluene–water
Author共s兲 T/k Type of dataa Ref.
60 333.2 0.4875 0.0425 0.7487 0.0759
0.4890 0.0469 0.7451 0.0831 Fuoss, 1943 303 sat. 共27兲, eq. 共14兲 1
0.5055 0.1087 0.6966 0.1742 Shanahan, 1948 293 sat. 共5兲 2

0.4980 0.1840 0.6310 0.2711 Letcher and Siswana, 1992 298 sat. 共15兲. eq. 共5兲 3
0.4193 0.3607 0.4700 0.4701
a
0.2902 0.5827 0.2906 0.6784 Number of experimental points in parenthescs.
0.1010 0.8340 0.0930 0.8925
Saturation curve
Auxiliary Information The system 1-butanol–toluene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. Two binary systems, 1-butanol–water and toluene–water, are
partially miscible. The data of these systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 4 and 5,
respectively. The recommended values of mutual solubility at 298.2 K are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.9972, x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 104 for toluene–water system4 and
The titration method was used. The composition of the 共1兲 source not specified; dried, distilled, n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.3991,
organic-rich phase was presented; the composition of the d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.8010. x 1⬘ ⫽0.488, x 1⬙ ⫽0.0191 for 1-butanol–water.5 The saturation curve for the organic-rich phase was measured by Fuoss1 by the conductance
water-rich phase was not investigated. 共2兲 source not specified; twice distilled, n(20 °C,D兲⫽1.3748, method; the water-rich phase was assumed to be toluene free. Shanahan2 measured only the saturation curve at 293 K. Letcher and
d(25 °C,4 °C兲⫽0.6544. Siswana reported both saturation and equilibrium results at 298 K. Each of these reported measurements was made at a different
共3兲 doubly distilled. temperature and therefore no recommendation can be made. However, all these data are consistent with one another. All three data sets
are treated as tentative. The maximum 1-butanol concentration was observed in the organic-rich branch of the saturation curve at each
Estimated Error: Not reported.
reported temperatures, in the area of x 1 ⫽0.54⫾0.01 and x 2 ⫽0.11⫾0.02. The saturation mixtures of the water-rich branch contained
undetectably small amounts of toluene; the water-rich phase was reported as a binary 1-butanol–water mixture by both Refs. 1 and 3. The
temperature of 298 K was chosen for graphical presentation and therefore only experimental data of Letcher and Siswana3 are shown in
Fig. 41. The binary data reported with ternary data sets are in agreement with the previously recommended binary solubility data.
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary 1-butanol–toluene–water system were reported in Refs. 1 and 3, at
303 and 298 K respectively, and cover the whole range of the miscibility gap. The tie lines are consistent within each data set, but the data
sets are inconsistent with one another because tie lines cross. It is unlikely that a temperature difference of 5 K gives such large changes
in phase composition e.g., water-rich phase x 1 ⫽0.007 in equilibrium with organic-rich phase x 1 ⫽0.341, x 2 ⫽0.570 at T/K⫽298, Ref. 3;
and water-rich phase x 1 ⫽0.0063 in equilibrium with organic-rich phase x 1 ⫽0.0609, x 2 ⫽0.9291 at T/K⫽303, Ref. 1. Both equilibrium
data sets are treated as tentative. The experimental tie lines at 298 K by Letcher and Siswana, Ref. 3, are presented in Fig. 41.
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; R. M. Fuoss, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 78–81 共1943兲.
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴

Experimental Data
x1 x2
T/K
30.0 303.15 0.2231 0.7228 0.1966 0.7918 set A

0.2260 0.7186 0.1995 0.7886

0.3874 0.4745 0.3833 0.5835
0.4696 0.3221 0.5101 0.4349
FIG. 41. Phase diagram of the system 1-butanol 共1兲—toluene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 3, dashed lines— 0.5131 0.2136 0.6072 0.3142
experimental tie lines, Ref. 3. 0.5299 0.1384 0.6771 0.2199
0.5280 0.0736 0.7371 0.1277
References: 0.5151 0.0339 0.7724 0.0632
1
R. M. Fuoss, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 78 共1943兲. 0.4834 0.0000 0.7938 0.0000
2
C. E. A. Shanahan, Analyst 共London兲 73, 502 共1948兲. 30.0 303.15 0.0884 0.8981 0.0732 0.9241 set B
3
T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203 共1992兲. 0.2244 0.7219 0.1977 0.7908
4
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, 0.3897 0.4701 0.3865 0.5797
New York, 1989兲. 0.4961 0.2668 0.5603 0.3746
5
A. F. M. Barton, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 15, Alcohols with Water 共Pergamon, New York, 1984兲. 0.5284 0.1444 0.6711 0.2279
0.5204 0.0465 0.7614 0.0846
0.4834 0.0000 0.7938 0.0000
30.0 303.15 0.0884 0.8981 0.0732 0.9241 set C
0.1742 0.7908 0.1494 0.8433
0.2238 0.7202 0.1976 0.7904
0.3008 0.6252 0.2745 0.7091
0.3526 0.5317 0.3385 0.6345
0.4525 0.3571 0.4800 0.4709
0.4946 0.2647 0.5607 0.3730

0.5166 0.2025 0.6175 0.3009
0.5300 0.1406 0.6753 0.2227
0.5323 0.1079 0.7061 0.1779
0.5257 0.0625 0.7473 0.1104
0.5016 0.0213 0.7788 0.0412
0.4834 0.0000 0.7938 0.0000
1195
1196
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; C. E. A. Shanahan, Analyst 共London兲 73, 502–3 共1948兲.
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴
Organic-rich water-rich 共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴
T/K phase phase organic-rich water-rich 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 phase phase
30.0 303.15 0.012 0.988 0.0021 0.0000 0.010 0.990 0.0085 0.0000 T/K⫽293 A. Skrzecz
0.025 0.975 0.0038 0.0000 0.020 0.980 0.0155 0.0000
0.037 0.963 0.0049 0.0000 0.030 0.970 0.0200 0.0000
Experimental Data
0.061 0.929 0.0063 0.0000 0.050 0.948 0.0255 0.0000
0.119 0.861 0.0080 0.0000 0.100 0.896 0.0320 0.0000 x1 x2 w1 w2
0.226 0.718 0.0094 0.0000 0.200 0.788 0.0375 0.0000 T/K
t/ °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.319 0.580 0.0104 0.0000 0.300 0.677 0.0415 0.0000
0.401 0.455 0.0115 0.0000 0.400 0.565 0.0455 0.0000
20 293.15 0.4950 0.0000 0.8013 0.0000
0.463 0.332 0.0126 0.0000 0.500 0.446 0.0500 0.0000
293.15 0.5314 0.1518 0.6667 0.2367
0.509 0.220 0.0137 0.0000 0.600 0.322 0.0540 0.0000
293.15 0.4439 0.3807 0.4625 0.4931

0.531 0.114 0.0149 0.0000 0.700 0.186 0.0585 0.0000
293.15 0.2605 0.6710 0.2344 0.7506
0.519 0.056 0.0162 0.0000 0.750 0.101 0.0635 0.0000
293.15 0.0000 0.9949 0.0000 0.9990
0.484 0.000 0.0182 0.0000 0.794 0.000 0.0710 0.0000
The titration method was used. Binary toluene–butanol 共1兲 source not specified.
The conductance method 共set A兲 was used to obtain 共1兲 source not specified, c.p. products; distilled; densities and mixtures 共100 g兲 of known composition in 300 mL glass 共2兲 source not specified.
compositions along the saturation curve. Weighed mixtures of refractive indexes were in agreement with ‘‘International Critical stoppered bottles were titrated with distilled water until a 共3兲 not specified.
about 150 g of toluene and butanol in glass-stoppered Tables’’. second phase appeared and persisted on prolonged vigorous
Erlenmeyer flasks were placed in a thermostat and portions of 共2兲 source not specified, c.p. product; distilled; densities and shaking. Estimated Error:
water, containing a trace 共⬍0.5%兲 of HCl, were added. As refractive indexes were in agreement with ‘‘International Critical Not reported.
long as water dissolves in the organic phase, its conductance Tables’’.
increases. With the appearance of an aqueous phase the 共3兲 not specified.
conductance of the organic phase drops on further addition of
water, because the aqueous phase extracts HCl from the Estimated Error:
organic phase. Set B and set C present the compositions of the Not reported.
saturated organic phase used for refractive index 共on an Abbe
refractometer兲 and density 共in 25 mL pyknometer兲
measurements. The refractive index and density of binary
butanol–water mixtures were measured in similar way.
Solubility of toluene in the butanol–water mixture was
estimated to be about 0.03% and its effect on density and
refractive index of aqueous phase was assumed to be
negligible. Large scale plots of composition functions for
refractive index and density were used to determine the
compositions of phases in equilibrium. To determine
equilibrium, the mixtures of three components were shaken
together and after separation samples of both phases were
taken for density and refractive index measurements.
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关 108-88-3兴 formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of anhydrous potassium carbonate, distilled; purity better than 99.6
w1 w2 References:
T/K 1
t/ °C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
2
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 共1943兲.
3

0.488 0.000 0.797 0.000
0.524 0.034 0.778 0.063
0.527 0.047 0.765 0.085
0.548 0.110 0.714 0.178
0.534 0.190 0.638 0.282
0.506 0.271 0.564 0.376
0.462 0.372 0.479 0.479
0.398 0.481 0.388 0.583
0.322 0.603 0.295 0.688
0.225 0.725 0.198 0.792
0.118 0.858 0.099 0.896
0.060 0.928 0.049 0.948
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
t/ °C 共compiler兲 phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.341 0.570 0.007 0.000 0.318 0.661 0.028 0.000
0.455 0.382 0.012 0.000 0.469 0.490 0.048 0.000
0.542 0.090 0.016 0.000 0.729 0.151 0.063 0.000
0.488 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.797 0.000 0.074 0.000
1197
1198
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, B. C. Bricknell, J. D. Sewry, and S. E. Radloff, J. 共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 Chem. Eng. Data 39, 320–3 共1994兲. C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲.
共2兲 1-Heptene; C7H14; 关592-76-7兴共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴

9.5. 1-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Heptene 9.6. 1-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane

w1 w2 w1 w2
T/K t/ °C
t/ °C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲
25.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 25 298.2 0.495 0.000 0.801 0.000

0.142 0.834 0.113 0.882 0.545 0.044 0.774 0.084
0.259 0.683 0.220 0.768 0.525 0.209 0.602 0.324
0.354 0.546 0.321 0.657 0.492 0.311 0.512 0.438
0.432 0.426 0.419 0.547 0.369 0.534 0.331 0.648
0.491 0.317 0.513 0.439 0.148 0.836 0.115 0.882
0.527 0.231 0.591 0.343 0.014 0.000 0.055 0.000
0.545 0.150 0.666 0.243
0.532 0.038 0.775 0.073
0.485 0.000 0.795 0.000 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
0.019 0.000 0.074 0.000
0.010 0.001 0.040 0.005
t/ °C organic-rich water-rich phase phase
25 298.2 0.525 0.131 0.011 0.000 0.668 0.225 0.044 0.000
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ 0.409 0.491 0.008 0.000 0.373 0.605 0.032 0.000
0.129 0.865 0.005 0.000 0.099 0.900 0.020 0.000
t/ °C 共compiler兲 phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 Auxiliary Information
25.0 298.2 0.543 0.168 0.015 0.000 0.650 0.266 0.059 0.000 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
0.396 0.487 0.009 0.001 0.370 0.603 0.036 0.005 The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Aldrich, 99 mole %; dried with magnesium metal activated
0.190 0.780 0.004 0.000 0.154 0.840 0.016 0.000 determine the coexistence curve. The third component was with iodine, distilled.
Auxiliary Information one drop 共weighing less than 0.01 g兲 resulted in cloudiness. 共3兲 de-ionized.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: shaken continuously. Refractive indexes of these mixtures Estimated Error:
The experimental methods have been described in Ref. 1. No 共1兲 source not specified. were measured at 298.3 K to ensure that separation did not composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction for measured points, ⫾0.01
more details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 Aldrich; distilled; purity⬎99.8 mole % by glc, ␳ take place. Tie lines were determined from mixtures of known mole fraction for tie-lines extremities in the worst case 共authors兲.
⫽0.692 65 gc m⫺3. composition in the immiscible region. The flasks were shaken
共3兲 not specified. well and the phases allowed to separate. Refractive indexes of References:
1
samples of both phases were measured and related to S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
Estimated Error: compositions on the coexistence curve. Each tie line was 共1943兲.
Not reported. checked to ensure that it passed through the composition of
References:
1
共1992兲.
共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, 共1兲 1-Butanol 共n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib, 74, 203–
C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053–60 共1989兲. C4H10O; 关71-36-3兴 17 共1992兲.
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10; 共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12; 关108-67-8兴
关106-42-3兴共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
Variables: Compiled by: T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz
9.8. 1-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Mesitylene

9.7. 1-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ p-Xylene Experimental Data
Experimental Data Compositions along the saturation curve
w1 w2
w1 w2 T/K
t/ °C t/ °C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.9997
0.019 0.000 0.074 0.000
0.070 0.915 0.051 0.947
0.488 0.000 0.797 0.000
0.133 0.837 0.099 0.895
0.248 0.691 0.198 0.790 0.493 0.002 0.796 0.005
0.341 0.557 0.293 0.686 0.530 0.034 0.767 0.080
0.415 0.434 0.387 0.579 0.546 0.083 0.708 0.175
0.474 0.330 0.477 0.475 0.541 0.143 0.637 0.273
0.514 0.239 0.561 0.374 0.496 0.306 0.477 0.477
0.534 0.093 0.705 0.176 0.436 0.404 0.386 0.580
0.539 0.070 0.734 0.137
0.365 0.525 0.294 0.685
0.491 0.003 0.794 0.007
0.269 0.664 0.198 0.791
0.488 0.000 0.797 0.000
0.020 0.000 0.077 0.000 0.146 0.814 0.099 0.894
0.077 0.902 0.050 0.947
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
t/ °C organic-rich water-rich phase phase
25.0 298.2 0.488 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.797 0.000 0.077 0.000
t/ °C 共compiler兲 phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.542 0.140 0.015 0.000 0.661 0.245 0.059 0.000
0.399 0.463 0.010 0.000 0.364 0.605 0.040 0.000
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.170 0.788 0.005 0.000 0.130 0.862 0.020 0.000
0.361 0.530 0.007 0.000 0.290 0.689 0.028 0.000
0.000 0.998 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9997 0.000 0.000
0.491 0.315 0.010 0.000 0.468 0.487 0.040 0.000
0.545 0.070 0.015 0.000 0.725 0.151 0.059 0.000
0.488 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.797 0.000 0.074 0.000
The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. A 共1兲 source not specified; used as received.
binary mixture of known composition was titrated with the 共2兲 source not specified; recrystallized three times.
third component until cloudiness was observed. Tie line 共3兲 not specified.
described in Ref. 1. comp. ⬍0.005 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ precision on
References:
1199
1
1200
10. 2-ButanolⴙWater
The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by the addition of Components: Original Measurements:
formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of anhydrous potassium carbonate, distilled; purity better than 99.6 共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, M. Radosz, Fluid Phase Equilib. 29, 515–23 共1986兲.
a known mass of one component to a mixture of known mole % by glc. dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10 ; 关78-92-2兴
masses of the other two components. Precision weighing 共2兲 BDH; used as received; purity better than 99.6 mole % by 共2兲 Butane 共n-butane兲; C4H10 ; 关106-97-8兴
syringes were used as described in Ref. 1. Tie line glc. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
reported in Ref. 2 and a complementary method using the Karl Variables: Compiled By:
Fischer titrations as reported in Ref. 3. Estimated Error: T/K⫽393– 449 A. Skrzecz
10.1. 2-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Butane
1
T. M. Letcher, S. Wootten, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heward, J. Compositions of coexisting phases
2
S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411 x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
共1943兲.
3
hydrocarbon- water-
t/°C rich phase rich phase hydrocarbon- water-

共compiler兲 T/K p/MPa 共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase
119.7 392.9 0.50 — — — — — — — —a

119.7 392.9 0.61 0.0580 0.0004 0.2444 0.0083 0.202 0.001 0.565 0.015
120.2 393.4 2.03 0.0169 0.0003 0.3483 0.4813 0.066 0.001 0.454 0.492
119.7 392.9 2.05 — — — — — — — —b
174.9 448.1 3.03 — — — — — — — —a
174.9 448.1 3.45 0.0473 0.0018 0.3250 0.0906 0.169 0.005 0.604 0.132
175.4 448.6 3.45 0.0106 0.0006 0.0944 0.6737 0.042 0.002 0.139 0.778
176.1 449.3 3.45 0.0150 0.0006 0.1201 0.6440 0.059 0.002 0.176 0.740
174.7 447.9 4.48 0.0258 0.0010 0.3506 0.3720 0.098 0.003 0.494 0.411
175.4 448.6 4.48 0.0108 0.0006 0.0919 0.7487 0.043 0.002 0.128 0.818
175.9 449.1 4.48 0.0137 0.0006 0.1112 0.7207 0.054 0.002 0.155 0.788
174.9 448.1 4.96 — — — — — — — —b
a
Lower pressure end point for liquid–liquid–vapor equilibrium.
b
Upper pressure end point for liquid–vapor equilibrium.

A variable-volume circulation apparatus with two circulation 共1兲 Fischer Scientific Co., 99 ⫹ % purity; used as received.
pumps was used for investigation of three-phase 共liquid–liquid– 共2兲 Mathenson Gas Products, ‘‘Instrument Purity’’ 99.5 ⫹ %
vapor兲 equilibria. A batch windowed cell 共mixing and purity; used as received.
separating vessel兲 allows on visual observation of phase 共3兲 not specified.
transition. Analysis were made by an on-line gas
chromatograph. The experimental equipment was reported in Estimated Error:
Ref. 1. Not reported.
References:
1
M. Radosz, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 88, 859 共1984兲.
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1997.05兲
10.2. 2-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene

system 2-butanol–benzene–water is given in Table 78.
TABLE 78. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-butanol–benzene–water
Davis and Evans, 1960 303 sat. 共17兲, eq. 共10兲 1

Letcher et al., 1990 298 sat. 共13兲, eq.共4兲 2
a
FIG. 42. Phase diagram of the system 2-butanol 共1兲—benzene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 303.2 K. 䊊—experimental results of Ref. 1, dashed
lines—experimental tie lines, Ref. 1.
The ternary system 2-butanol–benzene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. Two binary systems, benzene–water and 2-butanol–
water, form miscibility gaps. These systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, References:
respectively. These recommended values of mutual solubility at 303 K are x ⬘2 ⫽0.996 40, x ⬙2 ⫽0.000 418 for the benzene–water system, 1
J. R. Davis and L. R. Evans, J. Chem. Eng. Data 5, 401 共1960兲.
and x 1⬘ ⫽0.318, x 1⬙ ⫽0.0491 for the 2-butanol–water system. Both types of data reported by Davis and Evans1 are consistent with one 2
another as a binodal curve. The data of Letcher et al.2 were reported in graphical form only and therefore are not compiled. The 3
maximum alcohol concentration on the binodal curve at 298 K, x 1 ⫽0.50, Ref. 2, is consistent with the results of Davis and Evans at 303 New York, 1989兲.
K,1 x 1 ⫽0.499. The experimental tie lines at 303.2 K1 are shown in Fig. 42 together with the experimental points along the saturation 4
curve.
1201
1202
Components: Original Measurements
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, J. R. Davis and L. R. Evans, J. Chem. Eng. Data 5, 401–2 共1960兲 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 The solubilities and tie lines were measured in 25 mL 共1兲 Matheson Co.; dried over Na, distilled; n(20 °C兲⫽1.3974,
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6 ; 关71-43-2兴 glass-stoppered flasks, mounted in an air-shaker and immersed d(20 °C兲⫽0.8050.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 in a constant temperature bath by titration of weighed mixtures 共2兲 source not specified; dried over Na, distilled; n(20 °C兲
to the appearance of a permanent second phase. The third ⫽1.5001, d(20 °C兲⫽0.8795.
Variables: Compiled by: component was added by hypodermic syringe. Drops were 共3兲 de-ionized, distilled from KMnO4; n(20 °C兲⫽1.3343,
T/K⫽303 A. Skrzecz 2–3 mg. The experimental results were accepted when the loss d(20 °C兲⫽0.9979.
of vapors was smaller than 17 mg 共about 0.2% of the total
volume兲. Refractive indexes of the saturation solutions were Estimated Errors:
Experimental Data measured at 30 °C by an Abbe 3 L refractometer and plotted bath temp. ⫾0.05 °C 共solubility兲, ⫾0.02 °C 共tie line兲.
Compositions along the saturation curve as a concentration function for each component. The tie lines
were determined by adding alcohol to binary benzene–water
x1 x2 mixtures. After separation, refraction indexes were measured
T/K for each phase and the concentrations were read from prepared
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 plots. The sum of calculated concentration was always 1.000
⫾0.001 of mass fraction.
30.0 303.15 0.0326 0.9627 0.0311 0.9678
0.0606 0.9321 0.0580 0.9403
0.1024 0.8793 0.0991 0.8966

0.1977 0.7591 0.1961 0.7935
0.2954 0.6537 0.2964 0.6912
0.3685 0.5254 0.3887 0.5841
0.4221 0.3999 0.4760 0.4752
0.4682 0.2825 0.5665 0.3602
0.4939 0.2083 0.6285 0.2794
0.4989 0.1145 0.6992 0.1691
0.4275 0.0348 0.7187 0.0616
0.0315 0.0002 0.1180 0.0006
0.0202 0.0001 0.0783 0.0006
0.0102 0.0002 0.0407 0.0007
0.0046 0.0003 0.0186 0.0012
0.3254 0.0000 0.6650 0.0000
0.0418 0.0000 0.1523 0.0000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
30.0 303.15 0.0162 0.9791 0.0054 0.0002 0.0154 0.9835 0.0218 0.0008
0.0912 0.8918 0.0134 0.0002 0.0881 0.9079 0.0530 0.0008
0.1959 0.7629 0.0177 0.0001 0.1940 0.7961 0.0690 0.0006
0.2882 0.6578 0.0202 0.0001 0.2898 0.6970 0.0781 0.0006
0.3601 0.5402 0.0221 0.0001 0.3776 0.5970 0.0849 0.0004
0.4260 0.3910 0.0257 0.0001 0.4827 0.4669 0.0978 0.0005
0.4666 0.2891 0.0263 0.0001 0.5617 0.3668 0.0999 0.0005
0.4847 0.2010 0.0271 0.0001 0.6271 0.2741 0.1028 0.0004
0.4968 0.1114 0.0307 0.0001 0.7003 0.1655 0.1154 0.0005
0.4231 0.0318 0.0365 0.0001 0.7182 0.0569 0.1347 0.0003
0.4865 0.2400 0.1876 0.7800
0.4815 0.2600 0.1714 0.8000
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol; sec-butyl alcohol; 共RS兲-2-butanol; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of 0.4695 0.3000 0.1380 0.8400
dl-2-butanol; DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1995.09兲 0.4626 0.3200 0.1208 0.8600
0.4552 0.3400 0.1033 0.8800
0.4472 0.3600 0.0855 0.9000
0.4388 0.3800 0.0674 0.9200
10.3. 2-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Cyclohexane 0.4299 0.4000 0.0490 0.9400
0.4206 0.4200 0.0303 0.9600
Critical Evaluation: 0.4108 0.4400 0.0000 0.99963 Ref. 3
0.4006 0.4600 0.0000 0.000012 Ref. 3
system 2-butanol–cyclohexane–water is given in Table 79.
0.3901 0.4800 0.051 0.0000 Ref. 4
0.3791 0.5000
TABLE 79. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-butanol–cyclohexane–water

Plackov and Stern, 1990 298 sat. 共13兲, eq. 共8兲 1 Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 2-butanol–cyclohexane–water were reported in two refer-
ences at 298.2 K using similar experimental procedures. First equilibrium was reached, then the phases were separated and the compo-

sition of each phase was determined. Compositions of water-rich phase in equilibrium were reported as binary 2-butanol–water mixtures;
a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. the analytical methods could not detect cyclohexane. The tie lines cover the whole area of the miscibility gap and are consistent within
each data set. Distribution of 2-butanol differs between data sets with Letcher et al.2 reporting lower concentrations of alcohol in the
water-rich phase than Plackov and Stern.1 Both data sets are treated as tentative. All experimental data points at 298.2 K are reported in
Saturation curve Fig. 43.
The ternary system 2-butanol–cyclohexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. The system was studied by titration method at
298.2 K by both investigators. Two binary systems cyclohexane–water and 2-butanol–water form miscibility gaps. The data for these
binary systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, respectively. The recom-
mended values of mutual solubility at 298 K are: for cyclohexane–water system x 2⬙ ⫽1.2•10⫺5 and x 3⬘ ⫽3.7•10⫺4 , Ref. 3, and for
2-butanol–water system x 1⬘ ⫽0.322 and x 1⬙ ⫽0.051, Ref. 4. Letcher et al.2 reported ternary data and mutual solubility for binary systems.
The end points of saturation curve were reported to be x 2⬘ ⫽0.999 and pure water. This is inconsistent with the recommended values but
within the accuracy of experimental measurements 共0.001 mole fraction兲 stated by the authors. Binary solubility data of the 2-butanol–
water system reported in Ref. 2 as x ⬘1 ⫽0.312 and x ⬙1 ⫽0.051 are consistent with the ‘‘best values’’ reported in the critical evaluation, Ref.
3. Plackov and Stern1 reported only solubility of 2-butanol in water, x ⬙1 ⫽0.0544. This result is also consistent with recommended data.
These experimental data are consistent with one another.
Compositions of the water-rich phase of the ternary system, Refs. 1 and 2, were reported as binary 2-butanol–water mixtures. The
analytical methods could not detect cyclohexane. Therefore the water-rich branch could not be evaluated. Phase equilibrium data were
used to construct the saturation curve for the organic-rich phase. Data for 298.2 K were described by the equation:
x1⫽0.683 11⫹0.066 20 ln共x2兲⫺0.341 40x 2 ⫺0.349 78x 22 .
The model describes the region 0.01⬍x 2 ⬍0.96. The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method. The standard error of
estimate was 0.0061. The points on the saturation curve calculated by this equation for selected concentrations of cyclohexane in the
mixture are presented in Table 80 and in Fig. 43 as a calculated binodal curve 共solid line兲.
x1 x2 x1 x2
FIG. 43. Phase diagram of the system 2-butanol 共1兲—cyclohexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—calculated binodal curve,
0.322 0.000 Ref. 4 0.3677 0.5200
䊊—experimental results of Ref. 1, 䊐—experimental results of Ref. 2, dashed lines—experimental tie lines, Refs. 1 and 2.
0.3748 0.0100 0.3560 0.5400
0.4172 0.0200 0.3438 0.5600 References:
0.4558 0.0400 0.3314 0.5800 1
D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib 57, 327 共1990兲.
0.4751 0.0600 0.3185 0.6000 2
0.4863 0.0800 0.3053 0.6200 3
0.4930 0.1000 0.2918 0.6400 New York, 1989兲.
0.4967 0.1200 0.2779 0.6600 4
0.4983 0.1400 0.2637 0.6800
0.4982 0.1600 0.2491 0.7000
1203
0.4968 0.1800 0.2342 0.7200
0.4943 0.2000 0.2190 0.7400
0.4908 0.2200 0.2034 0.7600
1204
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol 共RS兲-2-butanol, D. Plackov and I. Stern, Fluid Phase Equilib. 57, 327–40 共1990兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 The titration method, as reported in Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Merck, analytical grade; used as received; n⫽1.3943,
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴 determine the solubility curve. Mixtures of known ␳ (25 °C兲⫽802.5 kg m⫺3, b.p.⫽99.3 °C.
in the thermostated double-wall Erlenmayer flask, were titrated ⫽1.4232, ␳ (25 °C兲⫽773.6 kg m⫺3, b.p.⫽80.0 °C.
Variables: Compiled By: with the less soluble component until the appearance of 共3兲 double distilled in the presence of KMnO4.
20 min. Equilibration took place in a thermostated temp ⫾0.02 °C; composition ⬍⫾0.05% 共by mass兲 relative
w1 w2 1
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲 three times.
25.00 298.15 0.0779 0.9118 0.0698 0.9279

0.1610 0.8160 0.1473 0.8476
0.2181 0.7386 0.2044 0.7858

0.2727 0.6585 0.2629 0.7209
0.3354 0.5677 0.3342 0.6423
0.3943 0.4688 0.4108 0.5545
0.4450 0.3680 0.4899 0.4600
0.4815 0.2793 0.5620 0.3701
0.5025 0.1943 0.6306 0.2769
0.4998 0.1160 0.6895 0.1817
0.4591 0.0500 0.7228 0.0894
0.3916 0.0152 0.7081 0.0312
0.0544 0.0000 0.1914 0.0000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w 2⬙
25.00 298.15 0.041 0.952 0.018 0.000 0.036 0.962 0.070 0.000
0.177 0.789 0.024 0.000 0.164 0.829 0.092 0.000
0.309 0.615 0.026 0.000 0.301 0.681 0.099 0.000
0.366 0.522 0.027 0.000 0.371 0.601 0.102 0.000
0.433 0.382 0.036 0.000 0.475 0.476 0.133 0.000
0.475 0.276 0.038 0.000 0.559 0.369 0.140 0.000
0.502 0.185 0.039 0.000 0.637 0.266 0.143 0.000
0.466 0.064 0.042 0.000 0.714 0.111 0.153 0.000
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, T. M. Letcher, P. Siswana, and S. E. Radloff, S. Afr. J. Chem. Method/Appratus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials
dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 44, 118–21 共1991兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck; AR grade; dried by addition of anhydrous K2CO3,
共2兲 Cyclohexane; C6H12 ; 关110-82-7兴 titration method, as described in Ref. 1. The formation of a distilled; purity ⬎99.9 mole % by glc.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 cloudy mixture was observed visually on shaking after 共2兲 BDH; Gold label grade; used as received; purity ⬎99.9 mole
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz determined by the refractive index method, Ref. 2, and a
References:
w1 w2 1
S. W. Briggs, and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
共1943兲.
3

0.312 0.000 0.651 0.000
0.360 0.006 0.691 0.013
0.391 0.013 0.710 0.027
0.445 0.038 0.725 0.070
0.500 0.110 0.695 0.174
0.504 0.191 0.634 0.273
0.482 0.284 0.560 0.374
0.438 0.386 0.477 0.477
0.377 0.498 0.388 0.581
0.302 0.621 0.294 0.687
0.212 0.746 0.198 0.792
0.111 0.875 0.100 0.897
0.055 0.935 0.049 0.949
0.000 0.999 0.0000 0.9998

x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
25.0 298.2 0.312 0.000 0.051 0.000 0.651 0.000 0.181 0.000
0.445 0.040 0.042 0.000 0.723 0.074 0.153 0.000
0.495 0.241 0.030 0.000 0.594 0.329 0.113 0.000
0.416 0.428 0.025 0.000 0.443 0.517 0.095 0.000
0.280 0.650 0.018 0.000 0.271 0.713 0.070 0.000
1205
0.4761 0.2200 0.2198 0.7400
1206
0.4729 0.2400 0.2040 0.7600
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of 0.4644 0.2800 0.1712 0.8000
dl-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.06兲 0.4591 0.3000 0.1542 0.8200
0.4533 0.3200 0.1368 0.8400
0.4469 0.3400 0.1191 0.8600
0.4399 0.3600 0.1009 0.8800
10.4. 2-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene 0.4325 0.3800 0.0823 0.9000
0.4245 0.4000 0.0634 0.9200
0.4071 0.4400 0.0000 0.9972 Ref. 3
system 2-butanol–toluene–water is given in Table 81.
0.3976 0.4600 0.0000 0.000 104 Ref. 3
0.3877 0.4800 0.1510 0.0000 Ref. 4
TABLE 81. Summary of experimental data for the system 2-butanol–toluene–water

Evans and Lin, 1968 298 sol. 共21兲, eq. 共5兲 1 Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 2-butanol–toluene–water were reported in both references at
298.2 K and cover the whole range of the miscibility gap. The compositions of phases in equilibrium reported in Refs. 1 and 2 are
Letcher and Siswana, 1992 298 sol. 共15兲, eq. 共4兲 2
consistent with one another. Both data sets are considered tentative. All experimental tie lines are presented in Fig. 44 together with

a
Number of experimental points in parentheses. experimental points forming the solubility curve.
Saturation curve
The system 2-butanol–toluene–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. Two binary systems, 2-butanol–water and toluene–water are
partially miscible. The data of these systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4,
respectively. The recommended values of mutual solubility of toluene–water system at 298.2 K are: x 2⬘ ⫽0.9972 and x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 104 共Ref.
3兲. The mutual solubility of 2-butanol–water system at 298.2 K calculated on the basis of Ref. 4 are: x 1⬘ ⫽0.322 and x 1⬙ ⫽0.0510. Letcher
and Siswana2 report at 298.2 K mutual solubility of the binary systems toluene–water and 2-butanol–water as x 2⬘ ⫽0.999, x 2⬙ ⫽0.000 and
x 1⬘ ⫽0.312, x 1⬙ ⫽0.051, respectively. These binary data are consistent with recommended data since they are within the accuracy estimated
by the authors 共0.01 mole fraction兲. The experimental data on saturation curve were reported in Refs. 1 and 2 at the same temperature and
are consistent with one another. Data presented by Evans and Lin1 show the miscibility gap slightly to be smaller 共of about 0.02–0.03
mole fraction of water兲 than found by Letcher and Siswana,2 especially in the region of 0.26⬍x 2 ⬍0.75. The maximum 2-butanol
concentration observed on the organic-rich branch of the saturation curve at 298 K is x 1 ⫽0.489⫾0.005. The data for the organic-rich
phase of the saturation curve,1,2 共points reported as phases in equilibrium were included兲 were used to construct the equation:
x1⫽0.618 84⫹0.053 26 ln共x2兲⫺0.183 05x 2 ⫺0.452 04x 22 .
The model applies to the region 0.004⬍x 2 ⬍0.94. The parameters were calculated by the least-squares method and the standard error of
estimate was 0.0083. There was an error 共presumably a typographic兲 in Ref. 2 at the point x 1 ⫽0.120 x 2 ⫽0.885 on saturation curve 共the
sum of compositions was greater than 1.0兲 and this experimental point was rejected. Selected points on the saturation curve, calculated by
the above equation together with the ‘‘best’’ values of Refs. 3 and 4 are presented in Table 82 and as solid line in Fig. 44. The water-rich
branch of saturation curve contains small amount of toluene (x 2 ⬍0.0001) and toluene concentration was not reported in either paper.
These experimental points were not described by any model.
FIG. 44. Phase diagram of the system 2-butanol 共1兲—toluene 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. Solid line—recommended saturation curve,
TABLE 82. Calculated compositions along the saturation curve at 298.2 k 共organic-rich phase兲
x1 x2 x1 x2 Referencs:
1
L. R. Evans and J. S. Lin, J. Chem. Eng. Data 13, 14 共1968兲.
0.312 0.0000 Ref. 4 0.3774 0.5000 2
0.3717 0.0100 0.3666 0.5200 3
0.4066 0.0200 0.3554 0.5400
New York, 1989兲.
0.4394 0.0400 0.3437 0.5600 4
0.4564 0.0600 0.3316 0.5800
0.4668 0.0800 0.3191 0.6000
0.4734 0.1000 0.3061 0.6200
0.4774 0.1200 0.2928 0.6400
0.4796 0.1400 0.2790 0.6600
0.4804 0.1600 0.2648 0.6800
0.4799 0.1800 0.2502 0.7000
0.4784 0.2000 0.2198 0.7400
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, L. R. Evans and J.-S. Lin, J. Chem. Eng. Data 13, 14–6 共1968兲. Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
dl-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 Solubilities and tie lines were measured in 50 mL 共1兲 Eastman Kodak. Co.; treated with MgSO4, dried over Na,
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 glass-stoppered flasks, mounted in a motor-driven shaker and distilled; n(20 °C兲⫽1.3973, d(20 °C兲⫽0.8059.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 immersed in a constant temperature bath. To obtain 共2兲 J. T. Barker Chemical Co.; dried over Na, distilled;
solubilities, the weighed mixtures were titrated to the n(20 °C兲⫽1.4963, d(20 °C兲⫽0.8667.
Variables: Compiled by: appearance of a permanent second phase. The third component 共3兲 de-ionized, distilled from KMnO4; n(20 °C兲⫽1.3324,
T/K⫽295 A. Skrzecz was added by hypodermic syringe in drops of about 4 mg. d(20 °C兲⫽0.9983.
Equilibrium was reached when the second phase persisted after
1 h shaking in the bath. The evaporation loss was about 20 mg Estimated Error:
Experimental Data 共0.1%–0.2% of the total solution兲. Refractive indexes of the bath temp. ⫾0.05 °C 共solubility兲.
Compositions along the saturation curve saturated solutions were measured at 20 °C with a Bausch and
Lomb 3 L refractometer and plotted as a concentration References:
x1 x2 function for each component. The tie lines were determined by 1
J. R. Davis and L. R. Evans, J. Chem. Eng. Data 5, 401 共1960兲.
T/K shaking three-component mixtures of known composition in a
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2 constant temperature bath for 6 h. After separation, refractive
indexes were measured for each phase and the concentrations
25.0 298.15 0.0617 0.9263 0.0507 0.9469 were read from prepared plots. The sum of calculated
0.1268 0.8407 0.1075 0.8858 concentrations was always 1.000⫾0.001 when expressed as

0.1970 0.7571 0.1714 0.8189 mass fraction. The procedure was the same as in Ref. 1.
0.3221 0.5756 0.3032 0.6734
0.3606 0.5057 0.3529 0.6153
0.3928 0.4453 0.3985 0.5616
0.4395 0.3511 0.4742 0.4709
0.4744 0.2468 0.5588 0.3614
0.4757 0.2307 0.5705 0.3439
0.4862 0.1656 0.6260 0.2650
0.4758 0.0982 0.6784 0.1740
0.4412 0.0472 0.7068 0.0940
0.4226 0.0319 0.7104 0.0667
0.4170 0.0289 0.7097 0.0611
0.3985 0.0197 0.7061 0.0434
0.3364 0.0036 0.6710 0.0090
0.0424 0.0000 0.1541 0.0000
0.0276 0.0000 0.1044 0.0000
0.0179 0.0000 0.0696 0.0000
0.0062 0.0000 0.0251 0.0000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
25.0 298.15 0.0845 0.9006 0.0166 0.0000 0.0700 0.9270 0.0650 0.0000
0.3222 0.5747 0.0254 0.0000 0.3035 0.6729 0.0970 0.0000
0.4748 0.2499 0.0304 0.0000 0.5570 0.3645 0.1141 0.0001
0.4848 0.1551 0.0331 0.0000 0.6336 0.2520 0.1235 0.0000
0.4340 0.0401 0.0398 0.0000 0.7095 0.0815 0.1457 0.0000
1207
1208
共1兲 2- Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, T. M. Letcher, and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲;C4H10O;关78-92-2兴 203–17 共1992兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by the addition of
w1 w2 References:
T/K 1
2
S. W. Briggs and E. W Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem 35, 411
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 共1943兲.
3
0.312 0.000 0.651 0.000

0.410 0.027 0.706 0.058
0.432 0.039 0.709 0.080
0.460 0.070 0.696 0.132
0.478 0.100 0.678 0.176
0.489 0.157 0.635 0.253
0.476 0.256 0.554 0.370
0.446 0.375 0.467 0.488
0.400 0.483 0.389 0.584
0.331 0.598 0.303 0.681
0.227 0.734 0.198 0.794
0.061 0.933 0.050 0.949
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.322 0.595 0.018 0.000 0.298 0.684 0.070 0.000
0.480 0.240 0.033 0.000 0.567 0.352 0.123 0.000
0.312 0.000 0.051 0.000 0.651 0.000 0.181 0.000
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, T. M. Letcher, B. C. Bricknell, J. D. Sewry, and S. E. Radloff, J. 共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
dl-2-butanol, DL-2 butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 Chem. Eng. Data 39, 320–3 共1994兲. dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲.
共2兲 1-Heptene; C7H14; 关592-76-7兴共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴

10.5. 2-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1-Heptene 10.6. 2-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane

w1 w2 w1 w2
T/K t/°C
t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲

25.0 298.2 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 25 298.2 0.348 0.000 0.687 0.000
0.142 0.828 0.114 0.880 0.443 0.028 0.727 0.062
0.255 0.683 0.217 0.770 0.513 0.143 0.649 0.245
0.391 0.489 0.366 0.607 0.484 0.305 0.511 0.435
0.430 0.426 0.418 0.548 0.367 0.528 0.332 0.645
0.485 0.323 0.505 0.446 0.159 0.825 0.124 0.873
0.520 0.231 0.587 0.345 0.057 0.000 0.199 0.000
0.521 0.147 0.654 0.245
0.452 0.037 0.723 0.078
0.322 0.000 0.661 0.000 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
0.054 0.000 0.190 0.000
0.023 0.001 0.088 0.005
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 共compiler兲 T/K phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
Compositions of coexisting phases 25 298.2 0.453 0.374 0.030 0.000 0.453 0.505 0.113 0.000
0.224 0.736 0.025 0.000 0.182 0.810 0.095 0.000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2 0.127 0.862 0.017 0.000 0.098 0.900 0.066 0.000
Auxiliatry Information

25.0 298.2 0.527 0.183 0.042 0.000 0.627 0.289 0.153 0.000 The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Aldrich, Gold label, 99.5 mole %; dried with anhydrous
determine the coexistence curve. The third component was potassium carbonate, filtrated, distilled.
0.400 0.478 0.027 0.001 0.376 0.596 0.102 0.005
0.170 0.785 0.011 0.000 0.139 0.852 0.044 0.000 of the other two components in 100 mL long-neck flask until passing through columns containing silica gel and basic alumina.
Auxiliary Information The flask was immersed in a well controlled water bath and
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: were measured at 298.3 K to ensure that separation did not composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction for measured points, ⫾0.01
more details were reported in the paper. 共2兲 Aldrich; distilled; purity ⬎99.8 mole % by glc, ␳
⫽0.692 65 g cm⫺3. 1
samples of both phases were measured and related to S. W. Brigg, and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 441
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
References:
1
1209
共1992兲.
1210
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, T. M. Letcher, P. M. Siswana, P. van der Watt, and S. Radloff, Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 J. Chem. Thermodyn. 21, 1053–60 共1989兲. The titration method was used to determine binodal curve. A 共1兲 source not specified; used as recieved.
共2兲 p-Xylene 共1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-xylene兲; C8H10; binary mixture of known composition was titrated with the 共2兲 source not specified; recrystallized three times.
关106-42-3兴 third component until cloudiness was observed. Tie line 共3兲 not specified.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 compositions were related to the coexistence curve; water was
Variables: Compiled by: described in Ref. 1. comp. ⬍0.005 mole fraction 共estimated authors’ precision on
T/K⫽298 A. Skrzecz binodal curve兲, ⬍0.01 mole fraction 共estimated authors’
10.7. 2-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ p-Xylene References:

1
Experimental Data Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037 共1986兲.
w1 w2
t/°C
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.9997

0.070 0.916 0.051 0.947
0.134 0.842 0.100 0.896
0.248 0.693 0.198 0.791
0.341 0.555 0.294 0.685
0.412 0.431 0.386 0.578
0.462 0.322 0.474 0.473
0.494 0.231 0.554 0.371
0.503 0.150 0.627 0.268
0.486 0.085 0.683 0.171
0.414 0.021 0.712 0.052
0.360 0.006 0.689 0.016
0.330 0.002 0.666 0.006
0.322 0.000 0.661 0.000
0.051 0.000 0.181 0.000
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
organic-rich water-rich organic-rich water-rich

t/°C T/K phase phase phase phase
25.0 298.2 0.322 0.000 0.051 0.000 0.661 0.000 0.181 0.000
0.490 0.230 0.040 0.000 0.552 0.371 0.146 0.000
0.385 0.480 0.026 0.000 0.348 0.622 0.099 0.000
0.130 0.843 0.015 0.000 0.097 0.898 0.059 0.000
0.000 0.998 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9997 0.000 0.000
共1兲 2-Butanol 共sec-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 共RS兲-2-butanol, T. M. Letcher and P. M. Siswana, Fluid Phase Equilib. 74, 203– Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
dl-2-butanol, DL-2-butanol兲; C4H10O; 关78-92-2兴 17 共1992兲. The points on the binodal curve were determined by the 共1兲 Merck, AR grade; distilled, dried by the addition of
共2兲 Mesitylene 共1,3,5-trimethylbenzene兲; C9H12; 关108-67-8兴 formation of a cloudy mixture on shaking after the addition of anhydrous potassium carbonate, distilled; purity better than 99.6
10.8. 2-Butanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Mesitylene estimated comp. 0.005 mole fraction on the binodal curve and
Experimental Data
1
T/K 2
S. W. Briggs and F. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
3

25.0 298.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.051 0.000 0.181 0.000
0.312 0.000 0.651 0.000
0.392 0.018 0.694 0.052
0.435 0.033 0.704 0.087
0.482 0.074 0.679 0.169
0.504 0.134 0.623 0.268
0.505 0.208 0.554 0.370
0.479 0.295 0.473 0.473
0.431 0.399 0.385 0.578
0.369 0.520 0.298 0.680
0.269 0.663 0.198 0.790
0.142 0.828 0.095 0.900
0.077 0.913 0.049 0.949
0.000 0.999 0.000 0.9998
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x 1⬙ x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
T/K organic- water- phase phase
25.0 298.2 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.9998 0.000 0.000
0.133 0.836 0.010 0.000 0.089 0.906 0.040 0.000
0.320 0.591 0.020 0.000 0.246 0.737 0.077 0.000
0.495 0.253 0.035 0.000 0.512 0.424 0.130 0.000
0.312 0.000 0.051 0.000 0.651 0.000 0.181 0.000
1211
1212
11. 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-olⴙWater 12. 1-PentanolⴙWater

共1兲 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol; C5H10O; 关763-32-6兴 Yu. M. Blazhin. S. K. Ogorodnikov, A. I. Morozova, L. N. 共1兲 1-Pentanol 共pentyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol兲; L. A. K. Staveley, R. G. S. Johns, and B. C. Moore, J. Chem.
共2兲 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene 共isoprene, isopentadiene兲; C5H8; Volkova, L. V. Artem’eva, and N. S. Bad’ina, Zh, Prikl. Khim. C5H12O; 关71-41-0兴 Soc. 2516–23 共1951兲.
关78-79-5兴共Leningrad兲 47, 1103–6 共1974兲关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Appl. 共2兲 Benzene: C6H6; 关71-43-2兴
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 Chem. 共Leningrad兲 47, 1128–30 共1974兲兴. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
Variables: Compiled by: Variables: Complied by:

11.1. 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol ⴙ Water ⴙ 2-Methyl-1, 3-butadiene 12.1. 1-Pentanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene

x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ w1 w2
T/K
hydrocarbon- water- t/°C 共compiler兲 x1 x2 共compiler兲

t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 17.2 290.35 0.006 98 0.990 830 0.007 886 0.991 493
27.8 300.95 0.006 98 0.989 217 0.007 893 0.991 228
15.0 288.15 0.5234 0.0000 0.0191 0.0000 0.840 0.000 0.085 0.000
38.0 311.15 0.006 98 0.987 591 0.007 903 0.990 841
0.5077 0.1361 0.0169 0.0003 0.736 0.156 0.076 0.001
48.2 321.35 0.006 98 0.985 602 0.007 915 0.990 366
0.4885 0.2041 0.0157 0.0003 0.684 0.226 0.071 0.001
57.8 330.95 0.006 98 0.983 010 0.007 931 0.989 745
0.4554 0.2964 0.0141 0.0003 0.614 0.316 0.064 0.001
12.8 285.95 0.0119 0.985 174 0.013 439 0.985 886
0.3588 0.5265 0.0118 0.0003 0.449 0.521 0.054 0.001
17.9 291.05 0.0119 0.984 706 0.013 443 0.985 773
0.2802 0.6356 0.0107 0.0003 0.350 0.628 0.049 0.001
22.7 295.85 0.0119 0.984 173 0.013 449 0.985 644
0.2816 0.6487 0.0107 0.0003 0.348 0.634 0.049 0.001
31.7 304.85 0.0119 0.983 005 0.013 461 0.985 361
0.2117 0.7419 0.0095 0.0003 0.262 0.726 0.044 0.001
36.3 309.45 0.0119 0.982 172 0.013 470 0.985 159
41.9 315.05 0.0119 0.981 037 0.013 482 0.984 883
56.7 329.85 0.0119 0.977 020 0.013 524 0.983 903
15.0 288.15 0.0223 0.973 897 0.025 167 0.973 956
The analytical method was used. Two-phase mixtures of 共1兲 source not specified.
known composition were placed into a thermostat and shaken 共2兲 source not specified. 15.4 288.55 0.0223 0.973 863 0.025 167 0.973 948
for 30 min. After separation both phases were analyzed by glc. 共3兲 not specified. 23.2 296.35 0.0223 0.972 861 0.025 187 0.973 696
30.4 303.55 0.0223 0.971 906 0.025 205 0.973 456
Estimated Error: 37.6 310.75 0.0223 0.970 902 0.025 225 0.973 204
temp. ⫾0.1 °C.
37.9 311.05 0.0223 0.970 753 0.025 228 0.973 166
47.3 320.45 0.0223 0.968 898 0.025 264 0.972 698
58.3 331.45 0.0223 0.966 120 0.025 318 0.971 995
16.7 289.85 0.0281 0.966 134 0.031 737 0.966 933
17.4 290.55 0.0281 0.966 047 0.031 739 0.966 910
29.0 302.15 0.0281 0.964 932 0.031 766 0.966 624
37.4 310.55 0.0281 0.964 059 0.031 787 0.966 400
45.0 318.15 0.0281 0.963 049 0.031 812 0.966 140
51.8 324.95 0.0281 0.962 049 0.031 837 0.965 882
18.1 291.25 0.0486 0.943 586 0.054 831 0.943 367
31.2 304.35 0.0486 0.941 986 0.054 899 0.942 928
43.1 316.25 0.0486 0.940 190 0.054 975 0.942 433
52.0 325.15 0.0486 0.938 650 0.055 040 0.942 009
68.0 341.15 0.0486 0.936 460 0.055 134 0.941 403
11.2 284.35 0.084 25 0.904 960 0.094 835 0.902 683
28.4 301.55 0.084 25 0.902 230 0.095 034 0.901 849
43.3 316.45 0.084 25 0.899 660 0.095 223 0.901 061
57.8 330.95 0.084 25 0.896 850 0.095 429 0.900 196
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: Components: Evaluated by:

The synthetic method was used. Mixtures were prepared in a 共1兲 source not specified; dried by refluxing over freshly-ignited 共1兲 1-Pentanol 共pentyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol兲; C5H12O; A. Skrzecz, A. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy
closed apparatus; components were degassed by repeated lime, and then with aluminum amalgam, distilled. 关71-41-0兴 of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1995.09兲
freezing, evacuation and melting; a known amount of each 共2兲 source not specified; chemically purified, crystallized, 共2兲 Hexane 共n⫽hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
component was introduced into a tube by condensation and the distilled, dried over phosphoric anhydride. 共3兲 Water; H20; 关7732-18-5兴
tube was sealed. The volume of each tube was about 30 mL. 共3兲 not specified.
Estimated Error:
composition ⬍0.2%; temp. ⬍0.2 °C. 12.2. 1-Pentanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane
A survey of reported compositions along, the saturation curve 共sat.兲 and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
system 1-pentanol–hexane–water is given in Table 83.
TABLE 83. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-pentanol–hexane–water
Charykov et al., 1978 293 sat. 共7兲 1

Gorovits et al., 1986 298–338 eq. 共39兲 2
a
Saturation curve
The ternary system 1-pentanol–hexane–water forms a miscibility gap of type 2. The system 1-pentanol–hexane is miscible. Two
binary systems hexane–water and 1-pentanol–water, form miscibility gaps. Data for these binary systems were complied and critically
evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, respectively. The recommended values of mutual solubility at 293 K are:
for hexane–water system x 2⬙ ⫽2.5.10⫺6 and x 2⬘ ⫽0.999 47,3 and for 1-pentanol–water system x 1⬘ ⫽0.679 and x 1⬙ ⫽0.004 81.4 Solubility of
water in hexane reported by Charykov et al.,1 (x ⬘2 ⫽0.9996) is slightly smaller than the recommended value, Ref. 3, while the solubility
of water in 1-pentanol (x 1⬘ ⫽0.67) is in qualitative agreement with Ref. 4. Similarly, the solubility of water in 1-pentanol at 298 K reported
by Gorovits et al.,2 (x 1⬘ ⫽0.0666), differs a little from that recommended in Ref. 4. (x 1⬘ ⫽0.674). The differences are within experimental
error. Equilibrium data of Gorovits et al.2 were taken into account during discussion of the binodal curve at temperature range 298.2–
338.2 K and are self-consistent showing slightly increasing solubility with temperature. Solubility data of Charykov et al.1 at 293.2 K
show a slightly higher solubility at high hexane concentrations than data of Ref. 2, measured at even higher temperatures. However, these
differences are within the likely experimental errors. One experimental saturation point reported in Ref. 1, 共x 1 ⫽0.73, x 2 ⫽0.016兲 appears
to be in error. Both data sets are treated as tentative.
Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 1-pentanol–hexane–water were reported by Gorovits et al.,2
at three temperatures 298.2, 318.2, 338.2 K as well as at isobaric conditions at the pressure 16.13 kPa. All tie lines constructed on the
basis of experimental points are consistent with one another. The assumption made in Ref. 2, that the concentration of hexane in the
water-rich phase is negligible may be acceptable because of the very low hexane concentrations and accuracy of analytical method. The
equilibrium data are treated as tentative. As an example of the system behavior, the experimental data at 298.2 K, Ref. 2, are presented
in Fig. 45.
1213
1214
共1兲 1-Pentanol 共pentyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol兲; A. K. Charykov, V. I. Tikhomirov, and T. M. Potapova, Zh.
C5H12O; 关71-41-0兴 Obshch. Khim. 48, 1916-21 共1978兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Gen.
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 Chem. 48, 1748-50 共1978兲兴.

Experimental Data
x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
20 293.2 0.000 0.99954 0.000 0.99990

0.103 0.886 0.106 0.892
0.207 0.761 0.216 0.777

0.389 0.522 0.424 0.556
FIG. 45. Phase diagram of the system 1-pentanol 共1兲—hexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 298.2 K. 䊊—experimental results, Ref. 2, dashed 0.530 0.320 0.607 0.358
lines—experimental tie line, Ref. 2. 0.735 0.016 0.917 0.020
0.669 0.000 0.908 0.000
References:
1
A. K. Charykov, V. I. Tikhomirov, and T. M. Potapoya, Zh. Obshch. Khim, 48, 1916 共1978兲. Auxiliary Information
2
B. I. Gorovits, N. P. Markuzin, and T. M. Lesteva, Vestn. Leningr. Univ., Ser. 4: Fiz. Khim. 4, 100 共1986兲.
3 Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37, Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 and C7
共Pergamon, New York, 1989兲. Water solubility was determined by the analytical method. 共1兲 source not specified.
4
A . F. M. Barton, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 15, Alcohols with Water 共Pergamon, New York, 1984兲. Saturated mixtures were obtained by the shaking of known 共2兲 source not specified.
volumes of reagents for 2–3 h after which the concentration of 共3兲 source not specified.
water in organic phase was determined by the Karl Fischer
method. The mean of three analyses was reported. The Estimated Error: Not reported.
saturation concentrations were reported in the units mole/L.
Compositions of coexisting phases at constant pressure p⫽16.13 kPa
共1兲1-Pentanol 共pentyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol兲; B. I. Gorovits, N. P. Markuzin, and T. M. Lesteva, Vestn. x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w 2⬘ w ⬙1 w ⬙2
C5H12O; 关71-41-0兴 Leningr. Univ., Ser. 4: Fiz. Khim. 4, 100-2 共1986兲.
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 organic-rich water-rich
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 organic-rich water-rich phase phase
T/K phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 p/kPa
T/K⫽298-338 A. Skrzecz 331.3 0.660 0.000 0.0064 0.00000 0.905 0.000 0.03055 0.00000 16.13
303.3 0.581 0.139 0.0060 0.00001 0.751 0.175 0.02869 0.00005 16.13
299.6 0.559 0.221 0.0048 0.00001 0.682 0.263 0.02305 0.00005 16.13
Experimental Data
Composition of coexisting phases 298.2 0.541 0.279 0.0040 0.00002 0.636 0.321 0.01927 0.00009 16.13
297.2 0.511 0.335 0.0040 0.00002 0.587 0.376 0.01927 0.00009 16.13
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ 296.4 0.448 0.447 0.0036 0.00002 0.494 0.482 0.01737 0.00009 16.13
organic-rich water-rich phase phase Auxiliary Information
T/K phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 p/kPa
The analytical method was used. After separation both phases 共1兲 source not specified; pure for analysis grade; twice distilled

298.2 0.102 0.8940 0.0013 0.000 02 0.1044 0.8947 0.006 33 0.000 10 18.00
0.201 0.7838 0.0018 0.000 02 0.2071 0.7897 0.008 75 0.000 09 17.66 were analyzed. Water in the organic-rich phase was analyzed on a column of 20 theoretical plates, stored over zeolite;
by the Karl Fischer method. The samples were analyzed by b.p.⫽411.2 K, d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8145, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.4102;
0.301 0.6610 0.0022 0.000 02 0.3152 0.6767 0.010 67 0.000 09 —
glc with propanol as the internal standard. A known amount of the properties 共b.p., d,n兲 were in agreement with literature data.
0.387 0.5448 0.0027 0.000 02 0.4145 0.5705 0.013 07 0.000 09 — decane 共about 10% by weight兲 was added to the water-rich 共2兲 source not specified; pure for analysis grade; twice distilled
0.451 0.447 0.0032 0.000 02 0.4962 0.4808 0.015 46 0.000 09 — phase and then after separation, samples of upper phase were on the column of 20 theoretical plates, stored over zeolite; b.p.
0.518 0.331 0.0036 0.000 02 0.5937 0.3709 0.017 37 0.000 09 16.77 analyzed by glc 共the assumption was made that there was no ⫽341.9 K, d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.6594, n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3750; the
0.541 0.279 0.0040 0.000 02 0.6361 0.3207 0.019 27 0.000 09 16.13 hexane in lower phase兲. Vapor pressures over the two-phase properties 共b.p., d,n兲 were in agreement with literature data.
mixtures were measured by static method described in Ref. 1. 共3兲 distilled water.
0.562 0.223 0.0044 0.000 02 0.6821 0.2646 0.021 17 0.000 09 15.26
0.592 0.139 0.0048 0.000 01 0.7562 0.1736 0.023 05 0.000 05 — Estimated Error:
0.601 0.098 0.0054 0.000 01 0.7925 0.1263 0.025 88 0.000 05 5.85 temp. ⫾0.1 K; relative errors of analysis: hexane and 1-pentanol
0.666 0.000 0.0060 0.000 0 0.9070 0.0000 0.028 69 0.000 00 — in the water-rich phase, 20%–25% and 5%–7% respectively;
318.2 0.090 0.9050 0.0016 0.000 02 0.0922 0.9067 0.007 78 0.000 10 — water in the organic-rich phase, 3%.
0.197 0.7846 0.0021 0.000 02 0.2036 0.7926 0.010 19 0.000 09 —
References:
0.300 0.6599 0.0025 0.000 02 0.3147 0.6767 0.012 11 0.000 09 — 1
I. A. Zvereva, I. M. Balashova, and N. A. Smirnova, Vestn.
0.386 0.5422 0.0031 0.000 02 0.4147 0.5695 0.014 99 0.000 09 — Leningr. Univ., Ser. 4: Fiz. Khim. 22, 107 共1977兲.
0.444 0.442 0.0036 0.000 02 0.4937 0.4804 0.017 37 0.000 09 —
0.512 0.329 0.0041 0.000 02 0.5911 0.3713 0.019 74 0.000 09 —
0.537 0.277 0.0044 0.000 02 0.6349 0.3202 0.021 17 0.000 09 38.00
0.548 0.221 0.0052 0.000 02 0.6755 0.2663 0.024 94 0.000 09 35.99
0.584 0.138 0.0055 0.000 01 0.7528 0.1739 0.026 35 0.000 05 34.00
0.593 0.089 0.0059 0.000 01 0.7960 0.1168 0.028 22 0.000 05 —

0.661 0.000 0.0066 0.00 00 0.9051 0.0000 0.031 49 0.000 00 —
338.2 0.0906 0.9030 0.0019 0.000 02 0.0930 0.9057 0.009 23 0.000 09 —
0.199 0.7810 0.0029 0.000 02 0.2059 0.7899 0.014 03 0.000 09 —
0.296 0.6578 0.0029 0.000 02 0.3121 0.6780 0.014 03 0.000 09 —
0.386 0.5390 0.0034 0.000 02 0.4158 0.5677 0.016 42 0.000 09 —
0.440 0.440 0.0040 0.000 02 0.4918 0.4808 0.019 27 0.000 09 —
0.512 0.325 0.0044 0.000 02 0.5933 0.3681 0.021 17 0.000 09 —
0.534 0.274 0.0048 0.000 02 0.6349 0.3185 0.023 05 0.000 09 —
0.539 0.220 0.0056 0.000 02 0.6710 0.2677 0.026 81 0.000 09 —
0.574 0.136 0.0059 0.000 01 0.7491 0.1735 0.028 22 0.000 05 —
0.585 0.096 0.0063 0.000 01 0.7862 0.1261 0.030 09 0.000 05 —
0.659 0.000 0.0069 0.0000 0.9044 0.0000 0.032 88 0.000 00 —
1215
1216
13. 2-PentanolⴙWater
共1兲 1-Pentanol 共pentyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol兲; T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
C5H12O; 关71-41-0兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲. Components: Original Measurements:
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴共1兲 2-Pentanol 共dl-2-pentanol, 共RS兲-2-pentanol兲; C5H12O; T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴关6032-29-7兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴
Variables: Compiled by: 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
12.3. 1-Pentanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane
Experimental Data
Compositions along the saturation curve 13.1. 2-Pentanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane
Experimental Data
w1 w2 Compositions along the saturation curve
t/°C
共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲 w1 w2
t/SDC
25 298.2 0.699 0.000 0.919 0.000 共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲

0.703 0.057 0.861 0.079
25 298.2 0.651 0.000 0.901 0.000
0.694 0.130 0.791 0.168
0.598 0.175 0.709 0.236
0.640 0.228 0.691 0.280
0.500 0.358 0.534 0.435
0.581 0.324 0.600 0.380
0.362 0.595 0.346 0.646
0.495 0.450 0.486 0.503
0.115 0.853 0.105 0.889
0.318 0.656 0.297 0.698
0.009 0.000 0.043 0.000
0.110 0.884 0.099 0.900
0.004 0.000 0.019 0.000
Compositions of coexisting phases x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ organic-rich water-rich
organic-rich water-rich 共compiler兲 T/K phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
共compiler兲 T/K phase phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 25 298.2 0.609 0.159 0.005 0.000 0.727 0.216 0.024 0.000
0.390 0.530 0.004 0.000 0.387 0.597 0.019 0.000
25 298.2 0.640 0.228 0.004 0.000 0.691 0.280 0.019 0.000
0.110 0.880 0.002 0.000 0.099 0.899 0.010 0.000
0.370 0.595 0.003 0.000 0.351 0.642 0.015 0.000
0.111 0.884 0.002 0.000 0.099 0.900 0.010 0.000
Auxiliary Information Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:

The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 source not specified.
determine the coexistence curve. The third component was 共2兲 Analytical Carbo Erba, purity 99.5 mole %; purified by
The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Analytical Carlo Erba, 99 mole %; dried with anhydrous added from a weighed gas-tight syringe to a weighed mixture passing through columns containing silica gel and basic alumina.
determine the coexistence curve. The third component was potassium carbonate, distilled. of the other two components in 100 mL long-neck flask until 共3兲 de-ionized.
added from a weighed gas-tight syringe to a weighed mixture 共2兲 Analytical Carbo Erba, purity 99.5 mole %; purified by one drop 共weighing less than 0.01 g兲 resulted in cloudiness.
of other two components in 100 cm3 long-neck flask until one passing through column containing silica gel and basic alumina. The flask was immersed in a well controlled water bath and Estimated Error:
drop 共weighing less than 0.01 g兲 results cloudiness. The flask 共3兲 de-ionized. shaken continuously. Refractive indexes of these mixtures composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction for measured points, ⫾0.01
was immersed in a well controlled water bath and shaken were measured at 298.3 K to ensure that separation did not mole fraction for tie-lines extremities in the worst case 共authors兲.
continuously. Refractive indexes of these mixtures were Estimated Error: take place. Tie lines were determined from mixtures of known
measured at temperature of 298.3 K to ensure that separation composition ⫾0.005 mole fraction for measured points, ⫾0.01 composition in the immiscible region. The flasks were shaken References:
did not take place. The tie lines were determined from mole fraction for tie-lines extremities in the worst case 共authors兲. well and the phases allowed to separate. Refractive indexes of 1
mixtures of well known composition in the immiscible region. samples of both phases were measured and related to 共1943兲.
The flasks were well shaken and left for separation. The References: compositions on the coexistence curve. Each tie line was
1
refractive indexes of the samples of the both phases were S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411 checked to ensure that it passed through the composition of
measured and related to compositions the coexisting curve. 共1943兲. the overall mixture.
Each tie line was checked to ensure that it passed through the
composition of the overall mixture.
14. 1-HexanolⴙWater 15. Benzyl alcoholⴙWater

共1兲 1-Hexanol 共hexyl alcohol兲; C6H14O; 关111-27-3兴 T. M. Letcher, S. Wootton, B. Shuttleworth, and C. Heyward, J. 共1兲 Benzyl alcohol 共benzenemethanol兲; C7H8O; 关100-51-6兴 G. G. Ivanova, T. N. Telichko, G. Ya. Kolyuchkina, V. S.
共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 Chem. Thermodyn. 18, 1037–42 共1986兲. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 Timofeev, and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. Inst.-Mosk. Inst. Tonkoi
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共3兲 Water; H2; 关7732-18-5兴 Khim. Tekhnol. im. M. V. Lomonosova 3„1…, 88–94 共1973兲.
Variables: Compiled By: Variables: Compiled by:

14.1. 1-Hexanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane 15.1. Benzyl alcohol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane

w1 w2 x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
t/°C
共compiler兲 T/K x1 x2 共compiler兲 hydrocarbon- water-

25 298.2 0.708 0.000 0.932 0.000 t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.701 0.062 0.872 0.076
0.625 0.227 0.715 0.255 20 293.2 0.008 0.990 0.002 ⬍0.001 0.010 0.989 0.012 0.000
0.518 0.404 0.558 0.427 0.013 0.984 0.003 ⬍0.001 0.016 0.983 0.018 0.000
0.180 0.812 0.184 0.814 0.020 0.975 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.025 0.974 0.029 0.000a
0.001 0.000 0.006 0.000 62.2 335.4 0.019 0.978 0.002 ⬍0.001 0.024 0.976 0.012 0.000b
62.8 336.0 0.034 0.960 0.003 ⬍0.001 0.042 0.956 0.018 0.000b
63.1 336.3 0.050 0.940 0.004 ⬍0.001 0.062 0.935 0.023 0.000b
63.4 336.6 0.063 0.921 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.079 0.918 0.029 0.000a
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
t/°C organic-rich water-rich phase phase x 1⵮ x 2⵮ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⵮ w 2⵮ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
alcohol- water-
25 298.2 0.687 0.105 0.001 0.000 0.831 0.125 0.006 0.000 T/K alcohol- water- rich phase rich phase
0.476 0.456 0.001 0.000 0.509 0.478 0.006 0.000 t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲
0.097 0.897 0.001 0.000 0.099 0.099 0.006 0.000
20 293.2 0.879 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.978 0.000 0.029 0.000
0.830 0.009 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.961 0.008 0.029 0.000
0.768 0.020 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.937 0.019 0.029 0.000
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 0.707 0.028 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.914 0.029 0.029 0.000
The titration method, adapted from Ref. 1, was used to 共1兲 Fluka, puriss. quality; dried with anhydrous potassium 0.668 0.032 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.898 0.034 0.029 0.000a
determine the coexistence curve. The third component was carbonate, filtrated, distilled. 99.9 373.1 0.420 0.000 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.813 0.000 0.029 0.000c
added from a weighed gas-tight syringe to a weighed mixture 共2兲 Analytical Carbo Erba, purity 99.5 mole %; purified by 92 365 0.458 0.021 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.816 0.030 0.029 0.000c
of the other two components in 100 mL long-neck flask until passing through columns containing silica gel and basic alumina. 82 355 0.491 0.044 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.813 0.058 0.029 0.000c
72 345 0.513 0.067 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.806 0.084 0.029 0.000c
shaken continuously. Refractive indexes of these mixtures Estimated Error: 63.4 336.6 0.529 0.089 0.005 ⬍0.001 0.797 0.107 0.029 0.000a
take place. Tie lines were determined from mixtures of known mole fraction for tie-lines extremities is the worst case 共authors兲.
1
samples of both phases were measured and related to S. W. Briggs and E. W. Comings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 411
1217
1218
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x⵮
1 x⵮
2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w⵮
1 w⵮
2 共1兲 Benzyl alcohol 共benzenemethanol兲; C7H8O; 关100-51-6兴 M. P. Susarev and A. I. Gorbunov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲
共2兲 Toluene 共methylbenzene兲; C7H8; 关108-88-3兴 36, 459–61 共1963兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. J. Appl. Chem.
hydrocarbon- alcohol- 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴共Leningrad兲 56, 197–9 共1963兲兴.
T/K hydrocarbon- alcohol- rich phase rich phase
t/°C 共compiler兲 rich phase rich phase 共compiler兲共compiler兲 Variables: Compiled by:
20 293.2 0.052 0.948 0.817 0.183 0.064 0.936 0.849 0.151
0.040 0.958 0.798 0.099 0.050 0.950 0.892 0.088
0.034 0.963 0.780 0.056 0.042 0.957 0.915 0.052 15.2. Benzyl alcohol ⴙ Water ⴙ Toluene
0.028 0.968 0.731 0.039 0.035 0.964 0.913 0.039 Experimental Data
0.020 0.975 0.668 0.032 0.025 0.974 0.898 0.034a
67.0 340.2 0.090 0.895 0.631 0.220 0.112 0.885 0.759 0.211b x1 x2 w1 w2
T/K
66.0 339.2 0.084 0.901 0.623 0.157 0.104 0.892 0.794 0.159b
t/°C 共compiler兲 ma mb 共compiler兲共compiler兲
65.3 338.5 0.082 0.903 0.599 0.138 0.102 0.895 0.796 0.146b
64.5 337.7 0.070 0.915 0.569 0.119 0.087 0.910 0.795 0.132b 20 293.2 30.0 0.8a兲 0.2564 0.7022 0.2976 0.6944
64.0 337.2 0.068 0.916 0.550 0.104 0.085 0.912 0.796 0.120b 40.0 1.6a兲 0.3328 0.5859 0.3936 0.5904

63.4 336.6 0.063 0.921 0.529 0.089 0.079 0.918 0.797 0.107a 50.0 2.3 a 0.4071 0.4778 0.4885 0.4885
a 60.0 2.8a兲 0.4830 0.3779 0.5832 0.3888
Three liquid phases in equilibrium.
Boiling temperature estimated by the compiler; 共b兲 ⫾0.5 K; 共c兲 ⫾5 K.
b,c 70.0 4.0a兲 0.5376 0.2704 0.6720 0.2880
80.0 5.5a兲 0.5780 0.1696 0.7560 0.1890
Auxiliary Information 90.0 7.2a兲 0.6069 0.0791 0.8352 0.0928
100.0 9.2a兲 0.6218 0.0000 0.9080 0.0000
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 50.0 99.8b兲 0.0002 0.0002 0.0010 0.0010
The analytical method was used. Composition of samples was 共1兲 source not specified, ‘‘chromatographic purity;’’ used as 60.0 99.7b兲 0.0003 0.0002 0.0018 0.0012
determined by glc analysis with 2-propanol as an inert received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.5401, b.p.⫽205.20 °C.
70.0 99.6b兲 0.0005 0.0002 0.0028 0.0012
standard. 共Column: 1.8 m⫻5 mm internal diameter, 10% 共2兲 source not specified, ‘‘chromatographic purity;’’ used as
squalane on polichromom, temp. 130 °C, H2⫺9 L/h兲. received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.3747, b.p.⫽68.70 °C. 80.0 98.8b兲 0.0016 0.0005 0.0096 0.0024
Solubility at 293 K was determined by Alekseev’s method; at 共3兲 doubly distilled. 90.0 98.1b兲 0.0029 0.0004 0.0171 0.0019
boiling point in the apparatus reported in Ref. 1. The three 100.0 95.8b兲 0.0073 0.0000 0.0420 0.0000
liquid phases in equilibrium were observed in the system. Estimated Error:
concentration ⫾0.5% of glc analysis.
References:
1
G. Ya. Kolyuchkina, V. S. Timofeev, and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
Inst.-Mosk. Inst. Tonkoi Khim. Tekhnol. im. M. V. Lomonosova
1„3…, 65 共1971兲. organic-rich water-rich
87.0 360.2 0.1813 0.8082 0.0071 0.0008 0.208 0.790 0.041 0.004
87.7 360.9 0.2544 0.6846 0.0073 0.0008 0.300 0.688 0.042 0.004
88.0 361.2 0.3223 0.5553 0.0082 0.0008 0.395 0.580 0.047 0.004
88.0 361.2 0.3770 0.4279 0.0093 0.0008 0.487 0.471 0.053 0.004
88.6 361.8 0.4201 0.3158 0.0100 0.0008 0.573 0.367 0.057 0.004
89.7 362.9 0.4652 0.2212 0.0119 0.0006 0.659 0.267 0.067 0.003
91.9 365.1 0.4629 0.1347 0.0137 0.0006 0.718 0.178 0.077 0.003
95.9 369.1 0.4493 0.0543 0.0145 0.0004 0.777 0.080 0.081 0.002
97.6 370.8 0.4096 0.0221 0.0149 0.0002 0.783 0.036 0.083 0.001
100.0 373.2 0.3810 0.0000 0.0150 0.0000 0.787 0.000 0.084 0.000
m a —alcohol concentration 共mass %兲 in binary benzyl alcohol–toluene mixture.

m b —water concentration 共mass %兲: 共a兲 in organic-rich phase; 共b兲 in water-rich phase.
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 共1兲 Benzyl alcohol 共benzenemethanol兲; C7H8O; 关100-51-6兴 G. G. Ivanova, T. N. Telichko, G. Ya. Kolyuchkina, V. S.
The titration method was used to measure solubility curve at 共1兲 source not specified; purified; b.p.⫽205.5 °C, n(20 °C,D) 共2兲 Heptane 共n- heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴 Timofeev, and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. Inst.-Mosk. Inst. Tonkoi
20 °C. Binary benzyl alcohol–toluene mixtures were titrated ⫽1.5406, d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽1.0459. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 Khim. Tekhnol. im. M. V. Lomonosova 3„2…, 99–105 共1973兲.
with water and water was titrated with binary benzyl alcohol– 共2兲 source not specified; purified; b.p.⫽110.6 °C, n(20 °C,D)
toluene mixtures. The analytical method was used to determine ⫽1.4968, d(20 °C,4 °C)⫽0.8670. Variables: Compiled by:
liquid–liquid–vapor equilibrium 共LLVE兲 data at boiling 共3兲 not specified. T/K⫽293– 373 A. Skrzecz
temperature at 101.32 kPa. Samples of hot liquid organic rich
phase taken from the apparatus were cooled to 20 °C and Estimated Error:
titrated with a binary benzyl alcohol–toluene mixture 共the Not reported.
15.3. Benzyl alcohol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane
mixture composition was the same as used to prepare the
primary sample for LLVE measurements兲 until Experimental Data
homogenization was obtained. The assumption was made that Compositions of coexisting phases
the ratio of benzyl alcohol to toluene in hot liquid phase was
the same as at the beginning of experiment in binary mixture. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
The fraction of water rich phase was always small. The
concentration was calculated from mass balance. hydrocarbon- water-

20 293.2 0.006 0.992 0.002 0.000 0.006 0.993 0.012 0.000
0.012 0.985 0.003 0.000 0.013 0.986 0.018 0.000
0.017 0.979 0.005 0.000 0.018 0.981 0.029 0.000a
79.4 352.6 0.031 0.960 0.002 0.000 0.034 0.965 0.012 0.000b
352.6 0.052 0.929 0.003 0.000 0.057 0.940 0.018 0.000b
352.6 0.068 0.904 0.004 0.000 0.075 0.920 0.024 0.000b
79.7 352.9 0.081 0.879 0.005 0.000 0.090 0.903 0.029 0.000a
x⵮
1 x⵮
2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w⵮
1 w⵮
2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
alcohol- water-
T/K alcohol- water- rich phase rich phase
20 293.2 0.879 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.978 0.000 0.029 0.000

0.818 0.010 0.005 0.000 0.956 0.011 0.029 0.000
0.777 0.014 0.005 0.000 0.942 0.016 0.029 0.000
0.730 0.020 0.005 0.000 0.924 0.023 0.029 0.000
0.678 0.028 0.005 0.000 0.900 0.034 0.029 0.000a

100 373 0.420 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.813 0.000 0.029 0.000c
92 365 0.450 0.010 0.005 0.000 0.819 0.017 0.029 0.000c
89 362 0.462 0.029 0.005 0.000 0.805 0.047 0.029 0.000c
83 356 0.480 0.050 0.005 0.000 0.794 0.077 0.029 0.000c
79.7 352.9 0.489 0.066 0.005 0.000 0.783 0.098 0.029 0.000a
1219
1220
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x⵮
1 x⵮
2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w⵮
1 w⵮
2 共1兲 Benzyl alcohol 共benzenemethanol兲; C7H8O; 关100-51-6兴 S. Goto, M. Matsubara, and K. Washino, Kagaku Kogaku 38,
共2兲 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene 共tetralin兲; C10H12; 869–73 共1974兲.
hydrocarbon- alcohol- 关119-64-2兴
T/K hydrocarbon- alcohol- rich phase rich phase 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
20 293.2 0.049 0.951 0.847 0.153 0.053 0.947 0.857 0.143 T/K⫽363 A. Skrzecz
0.047 0.952 0.827 0.108 0.051 0.949 0.882 0.107
0.035 0.963 0.800 0.070 0.038 0.962 0.902 0.073
0.024 0.973 0.751 0.029 0.026 0.974 0.922 0.033 15.4. Benzyl alcohol ⴙ Water ⴙ 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
0.017 0.979 0.678 0.028 0.018 0.981 0.900 0.034a Experimental Data
81.0 354.2 0.198 0.724 0.555 0.226 0.225 0.761 0.693 0.261b Compositions along the saturation curve
80.9 354.1 0.170 0.760 0.560 0.199 0.192 0.795 0.714 0.235b
x1 x2
80.6 353.8 0.140 0.800 0.553 0.160 0.157 0.832 0.738 0.198b
T/K
80.2 353.4 0.113 0.837 0.540 0.133 0.126 0.865 0.752 0.172b t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
79.9 353.1 0.097 0.860 0.516 0.094 0.108 0.884 0.772 0.130b
79.7 352.9 0.081 0.879 0.489 0.066 0.090 0.903 0.783 0.098a 90 363.2 0.2367 0.7227 0.2100 0.7840

0.4347 0.4958 0.4130 0.5760
a
Three liquid phases in equilibrium. 0.5076 0.3741 0.5155 0.4645
Boiling temperature estimated by the compiler; 共b兲 ⫾0.3 K; 共c兲 ⫾5 K.
b,c
0.5574 0.2830 0.5994 0.3720
0.6235 0.2034 0.6920 0.2760
0.5909 0.1126 0.7596 0.1769
The analytical method was used Composition of samples was 共1兲 source not specified, ‘‘chromatographic purity’’; used as 0.5400 0.0000 0.8757 0.0000
determined by glc analysis with 2-propanol as an inert received; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.5401, b.p.⫽205.20 °C; the same as in
standard. 共Column: 1.8 m⫻5 mm internal diameter, 10% Ref. 1.
squalane on polichromom, temp. 130 °C, H2⫺9 L/h兲. 共2兲 source not specified; used as received; n(20 °C,D)
Solubility at 293 K was determined by Alekseev’s method; at ⫽1.3877, b.p.⫽98.4 °C.
boiling point—in the apparatus reported in Ref. 2. The 共3兲 doubly distilled; the same as in Ref. 1. x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
description of the method was taken from Ref. 1. Three liquid
phases in equilibrium were observed in the system. Estimated Error: organic-rich water-rich
concentration ⫾0.5 % of glc analysis, Ref. 1. T/K phase phase organic-rich water-rich
References:
1
G. G. Ivanova, T. N. Telichko, G. Ya. Kolyuchkina, V. S. 90 363.2 0.0394 0.9091 0.0017 0.0003 0.0340 0.9586 0.0100 0.0019
Timofeev, and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. Inst.-Mosk. Inst. Tonkoi 0.0910 0.8560 0.0028 0.0002 0.0794 0.9129 0.0168 0.0016
Khim Tekhnol. im. M. V. Lomonosova 3„1…, 88 共1973兲. 0.1989 0.7505 0.0044 0.0003 0.1768 0.8157 0.0260 0.0020
2
G. Ya. Kolyuchkina, V. S. Timofeev, and L. A. Serafimov, Tr. 0.3930 0.5102 0.0075 0.0011 0.3805 0.6039 0.0430 0.0075
Inst.-Mosk. Inst. Tonkoi Khim. Tekhnol. im. M. V. Lomonosova
0.5387 0.2949 0.0098 0.0003 0.5811 0.3890 0.0560 0.0020
1„3…, 65 共1971兲.
0.5270 0.1839 0.0107 0.0003 0.6588 0.2810 0.0607 0.0019
0.5389 0.0247 0.0122 0.0000 0.8397 0.0470 0.0692 0.0002

The cloud point method was used to find compositions along 共1兲 source not specified, ‘‘high purity’’ commercial samples;
the saturation curve. The analytical method was used to used as received; purity ⬎ 99 mass % by glc.
describe phases in equilibrium. The ternary samples of about 共2兲 source not specified; ‘‘high purity’’ commercial samples;
50 mL were thermostated for 1 h, then the phases were used as received; purity ⬎ 99 mass % by glc.
separated and the compositions were determined by glc 共3兲 distilled.
analysis.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
16. ␣-Methyl-benzenemethanolⴙWater 17. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanolⴙWater

共1兲2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; C8H18O; 关104-76-7兴 A. M. Kiryukhin, T. M. Lesteva, and N. P. Markuzin, Prom-st
共1兲 alpha-Methyl-benzenemethanol; C8H10O; 关98-85-1兴 A. F. Frolov, M. A. Loginova, E. A. Frolova, I. I. Skorokhodova,
共2兲 Heaxne 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴 Sint. Kauch. 12, 12-4 共1981兲.
共2兲 Ethylbenzene 共phenylethane兲; C8H10; 关100-41-4兴 and Z. V. Krupina, Uch. Zap. Yaroslav. Tekhnol. Inst. 28, 98–
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 103 共1971兲.
17.1. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane

16.1. ␣-Methyl-benzenemethanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Ethylbenzene
Experimental Data
Experimental Data
x ⬘1 x ⬘2 x ⬙1 x ⬙2 w ⬘1 w ⬘2 w ⬙1 w ⬙2
x1 x2
T/K
t/°C phase phase organic-rich water-rich

共compiler兲 T/K 共compiler兲共compiler兲 phase phase
25 298.2 0.1878 0.7678 0.2180 0.7744
0.7005 0.2124 0.7801 0.2056 25 293.2 0.0000 0.9995 0.000 000 0 0.000 007 1 0.0000 0.9999 0.000 00 0.000 034
0.7841 0.1097 0.8760 0.1065 0.165 0.825 0.000 037 9 0.000 006 9 0.209 0.789 0.000 24 0.000 013
0.7984 0.1077 0.8814 0.1033 0.302 0.667 0.000 063 1 0.000 005 9 0.373 0.621 0.000 40 0.000 028
0.7948 0.0855 0.8963 0.0838 0.311 0.658 0.000 078 9 0.000 005 6 0.383 0.611 0.000 50 0.000 027
0.7971 0.0752 0.9045 0.0741 0.373 0.580 0.000 088 4 0.000 005 4 0.456 0.535 0.000 56 0.000 026
0.8648 0.0190 0.9625 0.0184 0.492 0.444 0.000 096 3 0.000 004 2 0.588 0.400 0.000 61 0.000 020
0.8538 0.0053 0.9711 0.0052 0.541 0.384 0.000 099 4 0.000 003 8 0.642 0.344 0.000 63 0.000 018
0.9347 0.0000 0.9898 0.0000 0.645 0.247 0.000 105 7 0.000 001 1 0.760 0.220 0.000 67 0.000 015
0.0011 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000 0.710 0.165 0.000 110 5 0.000 002 5 0.831 0.146 0.000 70 0.000 012
0.789 0.078 0.000 112 0 0.000 002 1 0.908 0.068 0.000 71 0.000 010
Auxiliary Information 0.836 0.000 0.000 123 1 0.000 000 0 0.970 0.000 0.000 78 0.000 000
40 313.2 0.0000 0.9995 0.000 000 0 0.000 010 7 0.0000 0.9999 0.000 00 0.000 051
0.177 0.808 0.000 045 7 0.000 010 0 0.224 0.773 0.000 29 0.000 048
The titration method was used. Samples were titrated until 共1兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽205.0 °C, d(20 °C,4 °C)
0.311 0.673 0.000 050 5 0.000 009 4 0.379 0.618 0.000 32 0.000 045
turbidity was observed. ⫽1.0153; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.5214.
共2兲 source not specified; b.p.⫽138.5 °C, d(20 °C,4 °C) 0.382 0.582 0.000 075 7 0.000 008 4 0.462 0.531 0.000 48 0.000 040
⫽0.867; n(20 °C,D)⫽1.4958. 0.447 0.495 0.000 086 8 0.000 006 7 0.539 0.450 0.000 55 0.000 012
共3兲 distilled. 0.504 0.427 0.000 099 4 0.000 006 3 0.602 0.385 0.000 63 0.000 030
0.590 0.319 0.000 115 2 0.000 004 2 0.698 0.285 0.000 73 0.000 020
Estimated Error:
0.668 0.228 0.000 121 5 0.000 003 8 0.780 0.201 0.000 77 0.000 018
Note reported.
0.713 0.167 0.000 129 4 0.000 002 1 0.831 0.147 0.000 82 0.000 010
0.8480 0.0000 0.000 115 7 0.000 000 0 0.9725 0.000 0.000 86 0.000 000

After separation both phases were analyzed. Concentrations of 共1兲 source not specified; distilled, dried over zeolite; purity ⬎
organic components were determined by glc; water was 99.9 % mass.
determined by the Karl Fischer method. To determine 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity ⬎ 99.9 % mass.
hydrocarbon in the water-rich phase, samples were extracted 共3兲 not specified.
by nonane.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
1221
1222
18. 1-OctanolⴙWater
共1兲 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; C8H18O; 关104-76-7兴 F. Ruiz, V. Gomis and R. F. Botella, Fluid Phase Equilib. 43,
共2兲 Decahydronaphthalene 共cis⫹trans兲共decalin, 317–27 共1988兲. Components: Original Measurements:
bicyclo关4.4.0兴decane兲; C10H18; 关91-17-8兴共1兲 1-Octanol 共octyl alcohol, capryl alcohol兲; C8H18O; A. M. Kiryukhin,T. M. Lesteva, and N. P. Markuzin, Prom-st
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴关111-87-5兴 Sint. Kauch. 12, 12-4 共1981兲.
共2兲 Pentane 共n-pentane兲; C5H12; 关109-66-0兴
Variables: Compiled by: 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴
17.2. ⴙ 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Decahydronaphthalene „cisⴙtrans…
Experimental Data
Compositions of coexisting phases 18.1. 1-Octanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Pentane
Experimental Data
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 3⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙ Compositions of coexisting phase
organic-rich water-rich x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
T/K phase phase water-rich
t/°C 共compiler兲共compiler兲共compiler兲 organic-rich phase phase organic-rich water-rich
t/°C phase phase organic-rich water-rich

25.0 298.2 0.864 0.000 0.000 134 0.000 00 0.976 0.000 0.0242 0.000 85 0.999 a 共compiler兲 T/K 共compiler兲共compiler兲 phase phase
0.745 0.155 0.000 110 0.000 00 0.786 0.198 0.0167 0.000 70 0.999
25 293.2 0.000 0.999736 0.000 000 0 0.000 012 0 0.000 0.999 934 0.000 00 0.000 048
0.599 0.331 0.000 093 0.000 00 0.593 0.396 0.0110 0.000 59 0.999
0.164 0.809 0.000 011 1 0.000 011 2 0.266 0.728 0.000 08 0.000 045
0.427 0.531 0.000 066 0.000 00 0.397 0.597 0.0061 0.000 42 1.000
0.273 0.680 0.000 027 7 0.000 009 2 0.416 0.574 0.000 20 0.000 037
0.227 0.754 0.000 063 0.000 00 0.199 0.798 0.0026 0.000 40 1.000
0.425 0.528 0.000 034 6 0.000 007 2 0.587 0.404 0.000 25 0.000 029
0.000 1.000 0.000 000 0.000 00 0.000 1.000 0.0000 0.000 00 1.000b
0.455 0.442 0.000 038 7 0.000 006 5 0.637 0.343 0.000 28 0.000 026
a 0.474 0.412 0.000 038 7 0.000 006 2 0.660 0.318 0.000 28 0.000 025
Result of phase equilibria measurement of binary system 2-ethyl-1-hexanol–water.
b
Result of phase equilibria measurement of binary system decahydronaphthalene–water. 0.541 0.366 0.000 041 5 0.000 004 7 0.715 0.268 0.000 30 0.000 019
0.563 0.262 0.000 048 4 0.000 004 2 0.769 0.198 0.000 35 0.000 017
Auxiliary Information 0.655 0.131 0.000 052 6 0.000 004 0 0.865 0.096 0.000 38 0.000 016
0.709 0.040 0.000 056 7 0.000 004 0 0.926 0.028 0.000 41 0.000 016
0.742 0.000 0.000 058 1 0.000 000 0 0.954 0.000 0.000 42 0.000 000
The analytical method was used. Mixtures of known overall 共1兲 Merck; used as received; ⬍0.2 wt % impurities by glc.
composition, by weight, were stirred intensely and allowed to 共2兲 Merck; used as received; mixture of cis- and trans- isomers.
settle for 2 h at constant temperature bath. Samples of each 共3兲 not reported. Auxiliary Information
phase were taken and analyzed by glc method with 1-propanol
as internal standard. 共1-Propanol also prevented phase Estimated Error: Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:
separation.兲 Analytical conditions: column 2 m⫻3 mm, temp ⫾0.1 °C. After separation both phases were analyzed. Concentrations of 共1兲 soruce not specified; distilled, dried over zeolite; purity
packed with Chromosorb 101 100/120, temp. 190 °C, thermal organic components were determined by glc; water was ⬎99.9% mass.
conductivity detector for the organic phase, flame ionization determined by the Karl Fischer method. To determine 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity ⬎99.9% mass.
detector for aqueous phase, helium flow rate—40 mL/min. hydrocarbon in the water-rich phase, samples were extracted 共3兲 not specified.
Decahydronaphthalene was reported to be undetectable in the by nonane.
organic phase. Estimated Error:
Not reported.
共1兲 1-Octanol 共octyl alcohol, capryl alcohol兲; C8H18O; L. A. K. Staveley, R. G. S. Johns, and B. C. Moore, J. Chem. 共1兲 1-Octanol 共octyl alcohol, capryl alcohol兲; C8H18O; A. Skrzecz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
关111-87-5兴 Soc. 2516–23 共1951兲. 关111-87-5兴 Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 共1996.04兲
共2兲 Benzene; C6H6; 关71-43-2兴共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴

T/K⫽287– 335 A. Skrzecz 18.3. 1-Octanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Hexane
18.2. 1-Octanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Benzene A survey of reported compositions along the saturation curve and compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium 共eq.兲 for the
Experimental Data system 1-octanol–hexane–water is given in Table 84.
TABLE 84. Summary of experimental data for the system 1-octanol–hexane–water
w1 w2
T/K Author共s兲 T/k Type of dataa Ref.
Kiryukhin et al., 1981 293, 313 eq. 共21兲 1

22.5 295.65 0.0166 0.980 665 0.027 429 0.971 946 Kiryukhin et al., 1983 335–373 eq. 共12兲 2
31.0 304.15 0.0166 0.979 665 0.027 450 0.971 695
a
33.0 306.15 0.0166 0.979 045 0.027 463 0.971 540 Number of experimental points in parentheses.
49.5 322.65 0.0166 0.977 116 0.027 504 0.971 056
62.1 335.25 0.0166 0.974 844 0.027 552 0.970 484
Saturation curve
14.3 287.45 0.0314 0.965 007 0.051 415 0.947 771 The system 1-octanol–hexane–water forms a large miscibility gap of type 2 covering the majority of the concentration triangle.
23.7 296.85 0.0314 0.964 079 0.051 451 0.947 524 Compositions along the saturation curves were not reported independently in the references; the saturation curves can be constructed on
28.4 301.55 0.0314 0.963 248 0.051 483 0.947 303 the basis of equilibrium compositions of phases. Two binary systems, hexane–water and 1-octanol–water, form miscibility gaps. The data
41.65 314.80 0.0314 0.961 400 0.051 555 0.946 809 for these systems were compiled and critically evaluated in previously published SDS volumes, Refs. 3 and 4, respectively. The
26.0 299.15 0.0435 0.950 801 0.070 779 0.927 938 recommended values of mutual solubility of the hexane–water system3 at 293 K are: x ⬘2 ⫽0.99946 and x ⬙2 ⫽2.5•10⫺6 . The recommended
33.5 306.65 0.0435 0.949 879 0.070 828 0.927 681 values of mutual solubility of 1-octanol–water system4 at 298 K are: x ⬘1 ⫽0.742 and x ⬙1 ⫽7.5•10⫺5 . Experimental solubilities of binary
systems presented in Ref. 1 at 293.2 K are: x ⬘1 ⫽0.99970, x ⬙2 ⫽7.1•10⫺6 and x ⬘1 ⫽0.742, x ⬙1 ⫽5.81•10⫺5 , respectively.
35.8 308.95 0.0435 0.949 242 0.070 862 0.927 503
38.9 312.05 0.0435 0.948 548 0.700 899 0.927 308 Phases in equilibrium
46.7 319.85 0.0435 0.947 152 0.070 973 0.926 917 Compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium for the ternary system 1-octanol–hexane–water were reported in both references.
53.4 326.55 0.0435 0.945 450 0.071 064 0.926 438 The experimental procedure was reported very briefly in Ref. 1 and not at all in Ref. 2. All compositions of phases in equilibrium reported
in Refs. 1 and 2 at various temperatures are consistent one with another. All presented data are treated as tentative. To present system
behavior, experimental compositions of coexisting phases in equilibrium at 293.2 K 1 are presented in Fig. 46.

The synthetic method was used. Water was introduced into a 共1兲 soruce not specified; dried by refluxing over freshly ignited
tube by condensation of a known amount of vapor; the lime, and then with aluminum amalgam, distilled.
required amount of the octanol–benzene solution was siphoned 共2兲 source not specified; chemically purified, crystallized,
into a tube which was then sealed. distilled, dried over phosphoric anhydride.
Estimated Error:
composition ⬍0.2%; temp. ⬍0.2 °C.
1223
FIG. 46. Phase diagram of the system 1-octanol 共1兲—hexane 共2兲—water 共3兲 at 293.2 K. 䊊—experimental data, Ref. 1, dashed lines—
1224
References:
1
A. M. Kiryukhin, T. M. Lesteva, and N. P. Markuzin, Prom-st Sint. Kauch. 12, 12 共1981兲. Components: Original Measurements:
2
A. M. Kiryukhin, T. M. Lesteva, and N. P. Markuzin, Prom-st Sint. Kauch. 12, 3 共1983兲. 共1兲 1-Octanol 共octyl alcohol, capryl alcohol兲; C8H18O; A. M. Kiryukhin, T. M. Lesteva, and N. P. Markuzin, Prom-st
3
D. G. Shaw, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 37. Hydrocarbons with Water and Seawater, Part I: Hydrocarbons C5 to C7 共Pergamon, 关111-87-5兴 Sint. Kauch. 12, 12–4 共1981兲.
New York, 1989兲. 共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴
4
A. F. M. Barton, ed., Solubility Data Series, Vol. 15, Alcohols with Water 共Pergamon, New York, 1984兲. 共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴

Experimental Data
x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
t °C 共compiler兲共complier兲共compiler兲 phase phase
25 293.2 0.000 0.999 770 0.000 000 0 0.000 007 1 0.000 0.999 952 0.000 00 0.000 034

0.214 0.755 0.000 009 7 0.000 006 7 0.298 0.696 0.000 07 0.000 032
0.265 0.693 0.000 018 0 0.000 006 3 0.363 0.629 0.000 13 0.000 030
0.327 0.604 0.000 022 1 0.000 005 6 0.444 0.543 0.000 16 0.000 027
0.388 0.520 0.000 026 3 0.000 005 0 0.521 0.462 0.000 19 0.000 024
0.434 0.463 0.000 029 1 0.000 004 2 0.575 0.406 0.000 21 0.000 020
0.464 0.431 0.000 031 8 0.000 003 1 0.608 0.373 0.000 23 0.000 015
0.536 0.325 0.000 038 7 0.000 003 6 0.696 0.279 0.000 28 0.000 017
0.598 0.233 0.000 041 5 0.000 002 1 0.771 0.199 0.000 30 0.000 010
0.661 0.137 0.000 048 4 0.000 001 7 0.848 0.116 0.000 35 0.000 008
0.742 0.000 0.000 058 1 0.000 000 0 0.954 0.000 0.000 42 0.000 000
40 313.2 0.000 0.9995 0.000 000 0 0.000 010 7 0.000 0.9999 0.000 00 0.000 051
0.272 0.676 0.000 016 6 0.000 007 7 0.374 0.616 0.000 12 0.000 037
0.357 0.563 0.000 029 1 0.000 005 9 0.482 0.503 0.000 21 0.000 028
0.394 0.519 0.000 030 4 0.000 005 2 0.526 0.458 0.000 22 0.000 025
0.464 0.431 0.000 037 4 0.000 004 2 0.608 0.373 0.000 27 0.000 020
0.469 0.400 0.000 038 7 0.000 003 8 0.624 0.352 0.000 28 0.000 018
0.545 0.320 0.000 041 5 0.000 003 1 0.703 0.273 0.000 30 0.000 015
0.577 0.276 0.000 044 3 0.000 002 1 0.740 0.234 0.000 32 0.000 010
0.674 0.113 0.000 055 4 0.000 000 8 0.866 0.096 0.000 40 0.000 004
0.733 0.000 0.000 066 4 0.000 000 0 0.952 0.000 0.000 48 0.000 000

After separation both phases were analyzed. Concentrations of 共1兲 source not specified; distilled, dried over zeolite; purity
organic components were determined by glc; water was ⬎99.9% mass.
determined by the Karl Fischer method. To determine 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity ⬎99.9% mass.
by nonane.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
共1兲 1-Octanol 共octyl alcohol, capryl alcohol兲; C8H18O; A. M Kiryukhim, T. M. Lesteva, and N. P. Markuzin, Prom-st 共1兲 1-Octanol 共octyl alcohol, capryl alcohol兲; C8H18O; A. M. Kiryukhin, T. M. Lesteva, and N. P. Markuzin, Prom-st
关111-87-5兴 Sint. Kauch. 12, 3–6 共1983兲. 关111-87-5兴 Sint. Kauch. 12, 12–4 共1981兲.
共2兲 Hexane 共n-hexane兲; C6H14; 关110-54-3兴共2兲 Heptane 共n-heptane兲; C7H16; 关142-82-5兴
Variables: Compiled by: Variables: T/K⫽293– 333 Compiled by: A. Skrzecz

p/kPa⫽101.3 A. Skrzecz
Experimental Data 18.4. 1-Octanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Heptane

Compositions of coexisting phases Experimental Data
organic-rich water-rich x 1⬘ x 2⬘ x 1⬙ x 2⬙ w 1⬘ w 2⬘ w 1⬙ w 2⬙
organic-rich water-rich phase phase
p/kPa phase phase 共compliier兲共complier兲 organic-rich water-rich organic-rich water-rich
T/K phase phase phase phase
共compiler兲共complier兲共compiler兲

101.3 0.0000 0.9996 0.000 000 0.000 013 0.0000 0.9999 0.000 000 0.000 062 t °C
0.1080 0.8785 0.000 029 0.000 025 0.1563 0.8410 0.000 210 0.000 120
25 293.2 0.0000 0.9994 0.000 000 0 0.000 000 5 0.0000 0.9999 0.000 00 0.000 003
0.1990 0.7762 0.000 037 0.000 029 0.2779 0.7173 0.000 267 0.000 139
0.135 0.848 0.000 009 7 0.000 000 4 0.171 0.826 0.000 07 0.000 002
0.2310 0.7351 0.000 040 0.000 033 0.3199 0.6736 0.000 289 0.000 158
0.277 0.676 0.000 022 1 0.000 000 4 0.345 0.647 0.000 16 0.000 002
0.3160 0.6325 0.000 048 0.000 031 0.4261 0.5643 0.000 347 0.000 148
0.521 0.345 0.000 042 9 0.000 000 2 0.647 0.330 0.000 31 0.000 001
0.3690 0.5575 0.000 054 0.000 027 0.4933 0.4931 0.000 390 0.000 129
0.593 0.239 0.000 048 4 0.000 000 2 0.741 0.230 0.000 35 0.000 001
0.4380 0.4480 0.000 060 0.000 023 0.5838 0.3952 0.000 434 0.000 110
0.685 0.103 0.000 052 6 0.000 000 0 0.863 0.100 0.000 38 0.000 000
0.5050 0.3500 0.000 062 0.000 021 0.6674 0.3061 0.000 448 0.000 100
0.742 0.000 0.000 058 1 0.000 000 0 0.954 0.000 0.000 42 0.000 000
0.5510 0.2790 0.000 066 0.000 023 0.7258 0.2432 0.000 477 0.000 110
40 313.2 0.0000 0.9994 0.000 000 0 0.000 001 1 0.0000 0.9999 0.000 00 0.000 006
0.6160 0.1670 0.000 071 0.000 019 0.8142 0.1461 0.000 513 0.000 091
0.206 0.771 0.000 013 8 0.000 000 9 0.257 0.739 0.000 10 0.000 005
0.6700 0.0710 0.000 082 0.000 008 0.8900 0.0624 0.000 592 0.000 038
0.369 0.567 0.000 031 8 0.000 000 7 0.453 0.536 0.000 23 0.000 004
0.7020 0.0000 0.000 090 0.000 000 0.9445 0.0000 0.000 650 0.000 000
0.479 0.399 0.000 034 6 0.000 000 5 0.597 0.382 0.000 25 0.000 003
0.527 0.334 0.000 038 7 0.000 000 4 0.656 0.320 0.000 28 0.000 002
0.628 0.219 0.000 040 1 0.000 000 2 0.768 0.206 0.000 29 0.000 001
Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials: 0.659 0.175 0.000 047 0 0.000 000 2 0.807 0.165 0.000 34 0.000 001
The vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium measurements were 共1兲 source not specified. 0.724 0.067 0.000 055 4 0.000 000 0 0.900 0.064 0.000 40 0.000 000
reported at pressure 101.3 kPa. Values of boiling temperatures 共2兲 source not specified. 0.733 0.000 0.000 066 4 0.000 000 0 0.952 0.000 0.000 48 0.000 000
were not reported. The experimental procedure was similar as 共3兲 not specified. 60 333.2 0.0000 0.9989 0.000 000 0 0.000 002 9 0.0000 0.9998 0.000 00 0.000 016
in Ref. 1. No further details were reported in the paper. 0.161 0.834 0.000 016 6 0.000 002 2 0.200 0.799 0.000 12 0.000 012
Estimated Error:
0.346 0.584 0.000 027 7 0.000 001 8 0.430 0.558 0.000 20 0.000 010
Not reported.
0.389 0.518 0.000 034 6 0.000 001 4 0.486 0.498 0.000 25 0.000 008
References: 0.441 0.454 0.000 038 7 0.000 000 9 0.548 0.434 0.000 28 0.000 005
1
A. M. Kiryukhin et al., Prom-st Sint. Kauch. 7, 4 共1982兲. 0.474 0.404 0.000 041 5 0.000 000 5 0.591 0.388 0.000 30 0.000 003
0.497 0.360 0.000 044 3 0.000 000 4 0.626 0.349 0.000 32 0.000 002
0.586 0.241 0.000 047 0 0.000 000 2 0.737 0.233 0.000 34 0.000 001
0.676 0.112 0.000 054 0 0.000 000 0 0.854 0.109 0.000 39 0.000 000
0.720 0.000 0.000 070 6 0.000 000 0 0.949 0.000 0.000 51 0.000 000

After separation both phases were analyzed. Concentrations of 共1兲 source not specified; distilled, dried over zeolite; purity
organic components were determined by glc; water was ⬎99.9% mass.
determined by the Karl Fischer method. To determine 共2兲 source not specified; distilled; purity ⬎99.9% mass.
by nonane.
Estimated Error:
1225
Not reported.
1226
19. 1-NonanolⴙWater Auxiliary Information

Components: Original Measurements: The procedure and details of the analytical method are 共1兲 source not specified, pure grade; dried over CaO, vacuum
共1兲 1-Nonanol 共nonyl alcohol, nonanol兲; C9H20O; 关143-08-8兴 V. P. Sazonov, M. F. Chernysheva, and A. G. Sarkisov, Zh. described in Ref. 1. Equilibrium phases were analyzed by glc distilled several times; purity of the middle fraction ⬎99 mass
共2兲 Naphthalene; C10H8; 关91-20-3兴 Prikl. Khim. 共Leningrad兲 52, 2710-3 共1979兲. 关Eng. transl. Russ. with a thermal conductivity detector. Glc analyses were made %; impurities—isomers and other higher alcohols.
共3兲 Water; H2O; 关7732-18-5兴 J. Appl. Chem. 共Leningrad兲 52, 2565–8 共1979兲兴. after separation of phases for up to 15 days. The water-rich 共2兲 source not specified, pure for analysis grade; twice
phase contained only trace amounts of nonanol and crystallized from ethanol, dried; m.p.⫽80.2 °C.
Variables: Compiled by: naphthalene, therefore the experimental results were reported 共3兲 doubly distilled.
T/K⫽293– 333 A. Skrzecz only as solubility data.
Estimated Error:
Not reported.
19.1. 1-Nonanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Naphthalene
References:
Experimental Data 1
V. P. Sazonov and M. F. Chernysheva, Zh. Prikl. Khim.
共Leningrad兲 51, 1019 共1978兲.
x1 x2
T/K
t °C 共compiler兲共compiler兲 w1 w2
20.0 293.2 0.740 0.000 0.958 0.000

0.716 0.040 0.916 0.045
0.704 0.068 0.888 0.076
0.691 0.086 0.869 0.096a
0.883 0.117 0.895 0.105b
0.740 0.097 0.874 0.102b
23.0 296.2 0.740 0.000 0.958 0.000
0.714 0.037 0.918 0.042
0.695 0.066 0.887 0.075
0.681 0.092 0.861 0.103
0.674 0.099 0.853 0.111a
0.869 0.131 0.882 0.118b
0.734 0.109 0.863 0.114b
40.0 313.2 0.726 0.000 0.955 0.000
0.692 0.039 0.910 0.046
0.683 0.063 0.886 0.073
0.668 0.089 0.859 0.102
0.636 0.142 0.805 0.160
0.626 0.174 0.777 0.192a
0.779 0.221 0.799 0.201b
0.667 0.189 0.782 0.197b
a
Liquid–liquid–solid equilibrium.
b
Liquid–solid equilibrium.
20. System Index

Note: a letter E indicates presence of a Critical Evaluation
Benzene⫹Water
⫹ 1-Butanol 1186–1188E
⫹ 2-Butanol 1201–1202E
⫹ Ethanol 1027–1042E
⫹ Methanol 995–1002E
⫹ 2-Methyl-1-propanol 1165–1166E
⫹ 1-Octanol 1223
⫹ 1-Pentanol 1212–1213
⫹ 1-Propanol 1095–1100E
⫹ 2-Propanol 1130–1137E
Benzyl alcohol⫹Water
⫹ Heptane 1219–1220
⫹ Hexane 1217–1218
⫹ 1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydronaphthalene 1220
⫹ Toluene 1218–1219
Butane⫹Water
⫹ 2-Butanol 1200
⫹ Methanol 993
1-Butanol⫹Water
⫹ Benzene 1186–1188E
⫹ Cyclohexane 1189–1191E
⫹ Heptane 1198
⫹ 1-Heptene 1198
⫹ Hexane 1191–1194E
⫹ Mesitylene 1199–1200
⫹ Toluene 1194–1197E
⫹ p-Xylene 1199
2-Butanol⫹Water
⫹ Butane 1200
⫹ Heptane 1209
⫹ 1-Heptene 1209
⫹ Mesitylene 1211
⫹ p-Xylene 1210
1-Butene⫹Water
⫹ 2-Methyl-2-propanol 1173
Cyclohexane⫹Water
⫹ 1-Butanol 1189–1191E
⫹ 2-Butanol 1203–1205E
⫹ 1-Propanol 1100–1103E
⫹ 2-Propanol 1139–1145E
Cyclohexene⫹Water
⫹ 2-Propanol 1138
Decahydronaphthalene 共cis⫹trans兲⫹Water
⫹ Ethanol 1093–1094
⫹ 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol 1222
Decane⫹Water
⫹ Ethanol 1094
⫹ 1-Propanol 1126–1129E
2,2-Dimethylbutane⫹Water
⫹ Ethanol 1052
Ethanol⫹Water
⫹ Cyclohexene 1043–1044E
⫹ Decahydronaphthalene (cis⫹trans) 1093–1094

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
⫹ Decane 1194
⫹ 2, 2-Dimethylbutane 1052
⫹ Heptane 1067–1071E
⫹ 1-Heptene 1066–1067
⫹ Hexane 1053–1058E
⫹ Methylcyclohexane 1066
⫹ Nonane 1092
⫹ Octane 1088–1089
⫹ 1-Octene 1084–1085
⫹2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo关3.1.1兴hept-2-ene 1093
⫹ 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane 1085–1088E
⫹ 2, 4, 4-Trimethyl-1-pentene 1084
⫹ m-Xylene 1072–1076E
⫹ o-Xylene 1077–1079E
⫹ p-Xylene 1080–1083E
Ethylbenzene⫹Water
⫹ alpha-Methyl-benzenemethanol 1221
⫹ 2-Propanol 1159–1160
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol⫹Water
⫹ Decahydronaphthalene (cis⫹trans) 1222
⫹ Hexane 1221
Heptane⫹Water
⫹ Benzyl alcohol 1219–1220
⫹ 1-Butanol 1198
⫹ 2-Butanol 1209
⫹ 1-Hexanol 1217
⫹ 1-Octanol 1225
⫹ 1-Pentanol 1216
⫹ 2-Pentanol 1216
⫹ 1-Propanol 1114–1118E
⫹ 2-Propanol 1153–1156E
1-Heptene⫹Water
⫹ 1-Butanol 1198
⫹ 2-Butanol 1209
⫹ Ethanol 1066–1067
⫹ Methanol 1014
⫹ 1-Propanol 1113
⫹ 2-Propanol 1153
Hexane⫹Water
⫹ 1-Butanol 1191–1194E
⫹ 2⫹Ethyl-1-hexanol 1221
⫹ 1-Octanol 1223–1225E
⫹ 1-Pentanol 1213–1215E
⫹ 1-Propanol 1103–1108E
⫹ 2-Propanol 1145–1147E
1-Hexanol⫹Water
⫹ Heptane 1217
1-Hexene⫹Water
⫹ Methanol 1008
Mesitylene⫹Water
⫹ 1-Butanol 1199–1200
⫹ 2-Butanol 1211
⫹ Methanol 1025–1026
⫹ 1-Propanol 1122–1123
⫹ 2-Propanol 1163

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
Methanol⫹Water
⫹ Butane 993
⫹ Cyclohexene 1002–1004E
⫹ 1-Heptene 1014
⫹ Hexane 1008–1011E
⫹ 1-Hexene 1008
⫹ 2-Methyl-1, 3-butadiene 994
⫹ 1-Methylnaphthalene 1027
⫹ Propane 993
⫹ Nonane 1026
⫹ Octane 1023–1025E
⫹ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 1021–1023E
⫹ p-Xylene 1018–1019E
⫹ Xylene 1020
␣-Methyl-benzenemethanol⫹Water
⫹ Ethylbenzene 1221
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene⫹Water
⫹ Methanol 994
⫹ 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol 1212
3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol⫹Water
⫹ 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene 1212
Methylcyclohexane⫹Water
⫹ Ethanol 1066
1-Methylnaphthalene⫹Water
⫹ Methanol 1027
2-Methyl-1-propanol ⫹ Water
⫹ 1-Heptene 1170
⫹ Mesitylene 1172
⫹ Toluene 1170
⫹ p-Xylene 1171
2-Methyl-2-propanol ⫹ Water
⫹ 1-Butene 1173
⫹ Heptane 1181
⫹ 1-Heptene 1180
⫹ Mesitylene 1185
⫹ Tetradecane 1186
⫹ Toluene 1179
⫹ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 1183–1184
⫹ 2,4,4-Trimethylpentene 1182–1183
⫹ p-Xylene 1181–1182
Naphthalene ⫹ Water
⫹ 1-Nonanol 1226
Nonane ⫹ Water
⫹ Ethanol 1092
⫹ Methanol 1026
⫹ 1-Propanol 1123–1125E
⫹ 2-Propanol 1164
1-Nonanol ⫹ Water
⫹ Naphthalene 1226
1,7-Octadiene ⫹ Water
⫹ 2-Propanol 1160
Octane ⫹ Water
⫹ Ethanol 1088–1089
⫹ 1-Propanol 1120–1121E
⫹ 2-Propanol 1162
1-Octanol ⫹ Water
⫹ Benzene 1223
⫹ Hexane 1223–1225E

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
⫹ Heptane 1225
⫹ Pentane 1222
1-Octene ⫹ Water
⫹ Ethanol 1084–1085
Pentane ⫹ Water
⫹ 1-Octanol 1222
1-Pentanol ⫹ Water
⫹ Benzene 1212–1213
⫹ Hexane 1213–1215E
⫹ Heptane 1216
2-Pentanol ⫹ Water
⫹ Heptane 1216
Propane ⫹ Water
⫹ Methanol 993
1-Propanol ⫹ Water
⫹ Decane 1126–1129E
⫹ 1-Heptene 1113
⫹ Hexane 1103–1108E
⫹ Nonane 1123–1125E
⫹ Octane 1120–1122E
⫹ p-Xylene 1119
2-Propanol ⫹ Water
⫹ Cyclohexene 1138
⫹ Ethylbenzene 1159–1160
⫹ 1-Heptene 1153
⫹ Hexane 1145–1147E
⫹ Mesitylene 1163
⫹ Nonane 1164
⫹ 1,7-Octadiene 1160
⫹ Octane 1162
⫹ 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 1161
⫹ m-Xylene 1156–1157
⫹ o-Xylene 1157–1158
⫹ p-Xylene 1158–1159
Tetradecane ⫹ Water
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene ⫹ Water
⫹ Benzyl alcohol 1220
Toluene ⫹ Water
⫹ 1-Butanol 1194–1197E
⫹ 2-Butanol 1206–1208E
⫹ 1-Propanol 1109–1113E
⫹ 2-Propanol 1148–1152E
2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo关3.1.1兴hept-2-ene ⫹ Water
⫹ Ethanol 1093
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane ⫹ Water
⫹ 2-Propanol 1161
2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene ⫹ Water
⫹ Ethanol 1084
2,4,4-Trimethylpentene ⫹ Water
⫹ 2-Methyl-2-propanol 1182–1183

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
m-Xylene ⫹ Water
⫹ 2-Propanol 1156–1157
o-Xylene ⫹ Water
⫹ 2-Propanol 1157–1158
p-Xylene ⫹ Water
⫹ 1-Butanol 1199
⫹ 2-Butanol 1210
⫹ 2-Methyl-2-propanol 1181–1182
⫹ 1-Propanol 1119
⫹ 2-Propanol 1158–1159
Xylene ⫹ Water
⫹ Methanol 1020
21. Registry Number Index

64-17-5 1027–1094
67-56-1 993–1027
67-63-0 1130–1164
71-23-8 1095–1129
71-36-3 1186–1200
71-41-0 1212–1216
71-43-2 995–1002, 1027, 1042, 1095–1100, 1130–1137, 1165–1166, 1174–1175,
1186–1188, 1201–1202, 1212–1213, 1223
74-98-6 993
75-65-0 1173–1186
75-83-2 1052
78-79-5 994, 1212
78-83-1 1165–1172
78-92-2 1200–1211
80-56-8 1093
90-12-0 1027
91-17-8 1093–1094, 1222
91-20-3 1226
95-47-6 1077–1079, 1157–1158
98-85-1 1221
100-41-4 1159–1160, 1221
100-51-6 1217–1220
104-76-7 1221–1222
106-42-3 1018–1019, 1080–1083, 1119, 1158–1159, 1171, 1181–1182, 1199, 1210
106-97-8 993, 1200
106-98-9 1173
107-39-1 1084
108-38-3 1072–1076, 1156–1157
108-67-8 1025–1026, 1089–1091, 1122–1123, 1163, 1172, 1185, 1199–1200, 1211
108-87-2 1066
108-88-3 1011–1014, 1059–1065, 1109–1113, 1148–1152, 1170, 1179, 1194–1197,
1206–1208, 1218–1219
109-66-0 1222
110-54-3 1008–1011, 1053–1058, 1103–1108, 1145–1147, 1191–1194, 1213–1215,
1217–1218, 1221, 1223–1225
110-82-7 1004–1007, 1045–1052, 1100–1103, 1139–1145, 1167–1169, 1176–1178,
1189–1191, 1203–1205
110-83-8 1002–1004, 1043–1044, 1138
111-27-3 1217
111-65-9 1023–1025, 1088–1089, 1120–1122, 1162
111-66-0 1084–1085
111-84-2 1026, 1092, 1123–1125, 1164
111-87-5 1222–1225
119-64-2 1220
124-18-5 1094, 1126–1128
142-82-5 1015–1017, 1070–1071, 1114–1118, 1153–1156, 1181, 1198, 1209, 1216,
1217, 1219–1220, 1225
143-08-8 1226
540-84-1 1021–1023, 1085–1088, 1161, 1183–1184

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
592-41-6 1008
592-76-7 1014, 1066–1067, 1113, 1153, 1171, 1180, 1198, 1209
629-59-4 1186
763-32-6 1212
1330-20-7 1020
3710-30-3 1160
6032-29-7 1216
7732-18-5 993–1226
25167-70-8 1182–1183
22. Author Index

Note: a letter E refers to evaluation texts.
Alberty, R. A. 1165E, 1166
Alexandrova, M. V. 1094
Arda, N. 1161
Aristovich, V. Yu. 1115E, 1118, 1120E, 1122
Arnold, G. B. 1003, 1043E, 1044, 1138
Artem’eva, L. V. 1212
Arzhanov, P. G. 1060E, 1062
Badina, N. S. 1212
Baker, E. M. 1110E, 1110
Bancroft, W. D. 996E, 1029E, 1037E
Barbaudy, J. 996E, 996, 1029E, 1032, 1034
Barton, A. F. M. 1165E, 1167E, 1187E, 1189E, 1192E, 1195E, 1201E, 1203E, 1206E, 1214E, 1224E
Beckord, O. C. 1060E, 1061
Beguin, A. E. 1060E, 1061, 1149E, 1149
Bell, N. M. 1073E, 1074
Belousov, V. P. 1029E, 1039
Bevia, F. R. 1060E, 1063
Blazhin, Yu. M. 1212
Bobylev, B. N. 1160
Bonner, W. D. 1009E, 1009, 1015E, 1016, 1029E, 1029, 1054E, 1054, 1060E, 1060, 1068E, 1069, 1073E,
1073, 1078E, 1078, 1081E, 1081, 1090E, 1090, 1093
Borisova, I. A. 1060E, 1063, 1149E, 1151
Botella, R. F. 1093, 1222
Brandani, V. 1029E, 1042
Bricknell, B. C. 1014, 1066, 1113, 1153, 1171, 1180, 1198, 1209
Brockway, C. E. 1101E, 1101, 1140E, 1140
Buchowski, H. 1021E, 1022
Budantseva, L. S. 996E, 1001, 1004, 1005E, 1006, 1008, 1009E, 1011, 1015E, 1017, 1021E, 1023, 1024E, 1025
Chang, Y. C. 1029E, 1038
Charykov, A. K. 1214E, 1214
Chernysheva, M. F. 1226
Chianese, A. 1029E, 1042
Connemann, M. 1046E, 1049
Craven, E. C. 1054E, 1060E
Curtis, C. B. 1060E
Davies, W. R. 996
Davis, J. R. 1201E, 1202
Dawe, R. A. 1127E, 1128
Deizenrot, I. V. 1009E, 1010, 1015E, 1016, 1024E, 1024, 1026
Deming, P. 1101E, 1101, 1140E, 1140
Denzler, C. G. 1096E, 1096
Desai, A. M. 1027
Dubovskaya, A. S. 1127E, 1127, 1183
Emelyanov, A. O. 1160
Evans, L. R. 1201E, 1202, 1206E, 1207
Fenske, M. R. 1029E, 1036
Fokina, V. V. 1173
Francis, A. W. 996E, 998
Fridman, V. M. 1009E, 1010, 1015E, 1016, 1024E, 1024, 1026
Frolov, A. F. 1221
Frolova, E. A. 1221
Fujita, S. 1073E, 1076, 1076E, 1079, 1081E, 1082
Fuoss, R. M. 1195E, 1195
Garber, Yu. N. 1060E, 1062
Gaube, J. 1046E, 1049
Gomis, V. 1093, 1222

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
Gorbunov, A. I. 1060E, 1063, 1149E, 1151, 1218

Gorovits, B. I. 1214E, 1220
Goto, S. 1220
Graham, C. L. 1003, 1043E, 1044, 1101E, 1119, 1138, 1140E, 1140
Hand, D. B. 996E
Hartley, J. 1020
Hayakawa, T. 1073, 1076, 1078E, 1079, 1081E, 1082
Heyward, C. 1015E, 1017, 1068E, 1071, 1115E, 1118, 1154E, 1156, 1181, 1198, 1209, 1216, 1217
Hlavaty, K. 1096E, 1149E
Hnizda, V. 1029E, 1034
Holmes, J. 996E, 1029E, 1096E
Holt, A. 1073E, 1074
Hong, W.-H. 1182
Hopson, W. H. 1096E, 1097, 1105E, 1105, 1115E, 1115
Hubard, S. S. 1029E, 1037
Huber, J. F. K. 1086E, 1088
Hulsman, J. A. R. J. 1086E, 1088
Ilin, K. K. 1110E, 1101
Ilyaskin, V. I. 1146E, 1147, 1192E, 1194
Ishida, K. 993, 994
Ivanova, G. G. 1217, 1219
Johns, R. G. S. 996E, 997, 1029E, 1037, 1187E, 1188, 1212, 1223
Jones, J. H. 1096E, 1097, 1105E, 1105, 1115E, 1115
Kafarov, V. V. 996E, 1012E, 1018E, 1054E, 1060E, 1073E, 1096E, 1110E, 1131E, 1149E
Kamaevskaya, L. A. 1029E, 1040
Karapetyants, M. Kh. 1054E, 1056, 1068E, 1070, 1088, 1092, 1105E, 1106, 1115E, 1116, 1120E, 1121, 1124E, 1124,
1127E, 1127, 1146E, 1146, 1154E, 1155, 1162, 1164, 1183
Karrer, L. 1046E, 1047
Katayama, T. 1105E, 1108, 1192E, 1193
Khrabrova, N. G. 1173
Kimura, O. 1029E, 1035
Kiryukhin, A. M. 1221, 1222, 1224E, 1224, 1225
Knypl, E. T. 1159
Kogan, V. B. 1009E, 1010, 1015E, 1016, 1024E, 1024, 1026
Kolyuchkina, G. Ya. 1217, 1219
Komarova, L. F. 1060E, 1062
Koshelkov, V. A. 1105E, 1107, 1124E, 1125
Koshel’kov, V. A. 1115E, 1118, 1120E, 1122
Kretschmer, C. B. 1043E, 1044, 1046, 1048, 1052, 1066, 1084, 1086E, 1086, 1087
Krupina, Z. V. 1221
Kubicek V. 1060E, 1064
Kulbyaeva, T. A. 1009E, 1010, 1015E, 1016, 1024E, 1024, 1026
Lee, H. 1182
Lee, Y.-W. 1182
Lee, Y. Y. 1182
Legochkina, L. A. 1131E, 1134
Leikola, E. 996E, 1012E, 1018E, 1060E, 1073E, 1096E, 1110E, 1131E, 1149E
Lesteva, T. M. 994, 996E, 1001, 1004, 1005E, 1006, 1008, 1009E, 1011, 1015E, 1017, 1021E, 1023, 1024E,
1025, 1214E, 1215, 1221
Letcher, T. M. 996E, 1005E, 1007, 1012E, 1013, 1014, 1015E, 1017, 1018E, 1019, 1025, 1029E, 1046E, 1050,
1060E, 1065, 1066, 1068E, 1071, 1081E, 1083, 1090E, 1091, 1096E, 1101E, 1102, 1110E,
1112, 1113, 1115E, 1118, 1119, 1122, 1131E, 1140E, 1143, 1149E, 1152, 1153, 1154E, 1156,
1157, 1158, 1163, 1165E, 1167E, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1174E, 1176E, 1178, 1179, 1180,
1181, 1185, 1187E, 1189E, 1190, 1195E, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1201E, 1203E, 1205, 1206E, 1208,
1209, 1210, 1211, 1216, 1217
Lin, J.-S. 1206E, 1207
Lincoln, A. T. 1029E
Linke, W. F. 1073E
Loginova, M. A. 1221
Lorah, J. R. 1068E, 1069
Lorimer, J. W. 1005E, 1009E, 1015E, 1021E, 1024E
Maczynski, A. 1005E, 1009E, 1015E, 1021E, 1024E
Mahers, E. G. 1127E, 1128
Markuzin, N. P. 1214E, 1215, 1221, 1222, 1224E, 1224, 1225
Mason, L. S. 1012E, 1013
Matous, J. 1060E, 1064
Matsubara, M. 1220
Matsuura, H. 1054E, 1058

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
Mazanko, T. F. 996E, 999, 1096E, 1098, 1131E, 1132, 1135, 1136

McCants, J. F. 1096E, 1097, 1105E, 1105, 1115E, 1115
Meijers, C. A. M. 1086E, 1088
Melnik, L. V. 1160
Mertslin, R. V. 1029E, 1040, 1054E, 1056
Michnick, M. J. 1186
Mochalov, K. I. 1073E
Mondain-Monval, P. 1060E, 1062, 1073E, 1075
Moore, B. C. 996E, 997, 1029E, 1037, 1131E, 1134, 1187E, 1188, 1212, 1223
Morachevskii, A. G. 1029E, 1039
Moriyoshi, T. 1046E, 1049, 1054E, 1058
Morozov, A. V. 1146E, 1147, 1192E, 1194
Morozova, A. I. 1212
Morozova, V. I. 994
Moulton, R. W. 1029E, 1038
Nagatsuka, K. 993, 994
Nam, S. 1073E, 1076, 1078E, 1079, 1081, 1082
Naymova, A. A. 1173
Nemtsov, M. S. 996E, 1001, 1004, 1005E, 1006, 1008, 1009E, 1011, 1015E, 1017, 1021E, 1023E, 1024E, 1025
Nikurashina, N. I. 1029E, 1040, 1054E, 1056, 1110E, 1111, 1131E, 1135, 1140E, 1142
Nishimoto, W. 1054E, 1058
Niwase, Y. 996E, 997
Noda, K. 993, 994
Novak, J. P. 1060E, 1064
Nowakowska, J. 1084, 1086E, 1087
Ogorodnikov, S. K. 994, 1212
Olsen, A. L. 1131E, 1131
Ormandy, W. R. 996E, 1054E, 1060E
Patterson, R. E. 1029E, 1041, 1054E, 1057
Paulsen, I. A. 1029E, 1046E, 1047, 1048, 1054E, 1055
Pavlenko, T. G. 1105E, 1107, 1115E, 1118, 1120E, 1122, 1124E, 1125
Perrakis, N. 996E, 1029E, 1131E, 1187E
Petrov, V. A. 1054E, 1056
Pfennig, A. 1046E, 1049
Pick, J. 1149E, 1150
Plackov, D. 1005E, 1046E, 1051, 1101E, 1103, 1140E, 1144, 1167E, 1168, 1176E, 1177, 1189E, 1190,
1203E, 1204
Plyngeu, V. Ya. 1131E, 1136
Polozhentseva, E. N. 1029E, 1060E
Polyakov, A. A. 1173
Pond, T. W. M. 996
Potapova, T. M. 1214E, 1212
Prutton, C. F. 1027
Pugachevich, P. P. 1115E, 1117
Quiquerez, J. 1060E, 1062, 1073E, 1075
Rabinovich, I. I. 1115E, 1117
Radloff, S. E. 996E, 1005E, 1007, 1014, 1018E, 1019, 1029E, 1046E, 1050, 1066, 1081E, 1083, 1096E,
1101E, 1102, 1113, 1115E, 1119, 1131E, 1140E, 1143, 1149E, 1153, 1158, 1165E, 1167E,
1169, 1171, 1174E, 1176E, 1178, 1180, 1181, 1187E, 1189E, 1190, 1198, 1199, 1201E, 1203E,
1205, 1209, 1210
Radosz, M. 1200
Ravindran, S. 1096E, 1101E, 1115E, 1149E, 1176E
Rajendran, M. 1131E, 1137
Renganarayanan, S. 1131E, 1137
Reuter, U. 1046E, 1049
Ricna, K. 1060E, 1064
Rico, D. P. 1060E, 1063
Ross, S. 1029E, 1041, 1054E, 1057
Rossi, M. 1029E, 1042
Ruiz, F. 1093, 1222
Sabylin, I. I. 1115E, 1118, 1120E, 1122
Sadovnikova, L. V. 1094
Sarkisov, A. G. 1146E, 1147, 1192E, 1194, 1226
Sata, N. 996E, 997, 1029E, 1035
Sato, K. 993, 994
Sayar, A. A. 1161
Sazonov, V. P. 1226
Schweppe, J. L. 1068E, 1069

129.6.105.191 On: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 17:51:55
Serafimov, L. A. 1105E, 1107, 1115E, 1118, 1120E, 1122, 1124E, 1125, 1217, 1219
Sewry, J. D. 996E, 1014, 1029E, 1066, 1113, 1131E, 1153, 1165E, 1171, 1174E, 1180, 1187E, 1198, 1201E,
1209
Shanahan, C. E. A. 1195E, 1196
Shaw, D. G. 996E, 1005E, 1009E, 1012E, 1015E, 1018E, 1021E, 1024E, 1029E, 1043E, 1046E, 1054E,
1060E, 1068E, 1073E, 1078E, 1081E, 1086E, 1090E, 1096E, 1101E, 1105E, 1110E, 1115E,
1120E, 1124E, 1127E, 1131E, 1140E, 1146E, 1149E, 1154E, 1165E, 1167E, 1174E, 1176E,
1187E, 1189E, 1192E, 1195E, 1201E, 1203E, 1206E, 1214E, 1224E
Shuttleworth, B. 1015E, 1017, 1068E, 1071, 1115E, 1118, 1154E, 1156, 1181, 1198, 1209, 1216, 1217
Sidgwick, N. V. 1029E
Silva, M. K. 1186
Simonsen, D. R. 1174E, 1175
Sinegubova, S. I. 1131E, 1135, 1140E, 1142
Siswana, P. M. 1005E, 1007, 1012E, 1013, 1018E, 1019, 1025, 1046E, 1050, 1060E, 1065, 1081E, 1083,
1090E, 1091, 1096E, 1101E, 1102, 1110E, 1112, 1119, 1122, 1140E, 1143, 1149E, 1152, 1156,
1157, 1158, 1163, 1167E, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1174E, 1176E, 1178, 1179, 1181, 1185,
1189E, 1190, 1195E, 1197, 1199, 1203E, 1205, 1206E, 1208, 1210, 1211
Skorokhodova, I. I. 1221
Skrzecz, A. 1005E, 1009E, 1015E, 1021E, 1024E
Sokolov, N. M. 1060E, 1063, 1149E, 1151
Spencer, H. C. 1005E
Spurrell, W. J. 1029E
Srinivasan, D. 1131E, 1137
Stankova, L. 1149E, 1150
Staveley, L. A. K. 996E, 997, 1029E, 1037, 1187E, 1188, 1212, 1223
Stern, I. 1005E, 1046E, 1051, 1101E, 1103, 1140E, 1144, 1167E, 1168, 1176E, 1177, 1189E, 1190,
1203E, 1204
Strandskov, C. V. 1187E, 1187
Sugi, H. 1105E, 1108, 1192E, 1193
Suhrmann, R. 1009E, 1010
Susarev, M. P. 1218
Takahashi, K. 1046E, 1047
Tarasenkov, D. N. 1029E, 1046E, 1047, 1048, 1054E, 1055, 1060E
Taylor, S. F. 1029E
Telichko, T. N. 1217, 1219
Teperek, J. 1021E, 1022
Tikhomirov, V. I. 1214E, 1214
Timofeev, V. S. 1005E, 1107, 1115E, 1118, 1120E, 1124E, 1125, 1217, 1219
Titova, V. N. 1105E, 1107, 1124E, 1125
Transue, L. F. 1003, 1043E, 1044, 1138
Triday, J. O. 996E
Turovskii, V. B. 1146E, 1147, 1192E, 1194
Tyvina, T. N. 1173
Udovenko, V. V. 996E, 999, 1096E, 1098, 1131E, 1132, 1135, 1136
Uosaki, Y. 1046E, 1049, 1054E, 1058
van der Watt, P. 1018E, 1019, 1081E, 1083, 1119, 1158, 1171, 1181, 1199, 1210
Varteressian, K. A. 1029E, 1036
Vasileva, I. I. 1173
Vatskova, V. G. 1060E, 1063, 1149E, 1151
Verhoeye, L. A. J. 1140E, 1141
Vesely, F. 1149E, 1150
Vold, R. 1029E, 1034, 1046E, 1046
Volkova, L. N. 1212
Vorobeva, A. I. 1054E, 1056, 1068E, 1070, 1088, 1092, 1105E, 1106, 1115E, 1116, 1120E, 1121, 1124E, 1124,
1127E, 1146E, 1146, 1154E, 1155, 1162, 1164
Walsh, T. J. 1027
Walter, R. 1009E, 1010
Washburn, E. R. 1003E, 1005E, 1012E, 1013, 1029E, 1034, 1043E, 1044, 1046E, 1046, 1060E, 1061, 1101E,
1101, 1131E, 1131, 1138, 1140E, 1140, 1149E, 1149, 1165E, 1166, 1174, 1175, 1187E, 1187
Washino, K. 1220
Wehrmann, F. 1029E, 1031
Wiebe, R. 1043E, 1044, 1046E, 1048, 1052, 1066, 1084, 1086E, 1086, 1087
Willhite, G. P. 1186
Wojdylo, S. Z. 1159
Wootton, S. 1015E, 1017, 1068E, 1071, 1115E, 1118, 1154E, 1156, 1181, 1198, 1209, 1216, 1217
Wright, R. 1029E, 1033
Yagues, V. G. 1060E, 1063
Yamakawa, T. 1046E, 1047

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IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series 69.

Contributor and Evaluator

Received September 12, 1998

Contents 3. Methanol⫹Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993

4.2. ⫹ Cyclohexene*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043 8.1. ⫹ 1-Butene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

21. Registry Number Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1231 system ethanol–toluene–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

55. Calculated compositions along the saturation 1-pentanol–hexane–water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

2.2.2. Evaluations putational or experimental method as undesirable but still

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

follow, where possible, IUPAC Green Book.3 A few quanti- xj

The sum of these mole fractions is unity, so that, with c⫽s

The nomenclature of the IUPAC Green Book calls the 3

冒兺 and for tabulation of salt effects on solubilities of gases 共see

of distinct substances present 共often the number of thermo- w 1 ⫽g 1 gs 共6兲

共2兲 m 共13 兲 ⫽m 1 M̄ /M 3 共8兲

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

This section was written by:

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999

3.2. Methanol ⴙ Water ⴙ Butane

IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES

times and the composition was determined from chromatogram

SKRZECZ, SHAW, AND MACZYNSKI

293.0 0.6181 0.1371 12 0.406 0.523 12

Author共s兲, year T/K Type of dataa Ref.

IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES

SKRZECZ, SHAW, AND MACZYNSKI

Equal density of both phases 共interpolated by the author兲.

Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:

Variables: Compiled by: Variables: Compiled by:

Experimental Data Experimental Data

IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES

Estimated Error: 47.4 320.55 0.0458 0.945 03 0.019 45 0.978 36

22 295 0.120 0.001 0.195 0.005

SKRZECZ, SHAW, AND MACZYNSKI

Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:

IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES

63.81 336.96 0.5168 0.2037 0.4415 0.4242

SKRZECZ, SHAW, AND MACZYNSKI

Variables: Compiled by: Variables: Compiled By:

Experimental Data Experimental Data

IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES

0.3392 0.6072 0.1834 0.8003

SKRZECZ, SHAW, AND MACZYNSKI

25.0 298.15 0.2372 0.7585 0.1086 0.8903

IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATA SERIES

Compositions of coexisting phases

T/K hydrocarbon-rich water-rich hydrocarbon- water-

0.0077 0.9923 0.2018 0.0003 0.003 0.997 0.310 0.001

Method/Apparatus/Procedure: Source and Purity of Materials:

Variables: Compiled by:

SKRZECZ, SHAW, AND MACZYNSKI

Compositions of coexisting phases

25.0 298.2 0.1398 0.0002 0.2241 0.0010