FYP PROGRESS REPORT

TITLE

Load Management and Monitoring System Using GSM

Module

Submitted by

Junaid Ahmad 15103122-023

Mehmood ul Hassan 15103122-022

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT

2018-19

Department Of Electrical Engineering

 Abstract
Although home automation has already dominated industrial and domestic application in last
two decades. But there are several issues that remains unsolved like explicit wiring, power
consumption and power monitoring system. Explicit wiring had to be used as control signals for
each appliances. Moreover the power consumption and total energy estimation is not available
in this industry. Separate solutions are available but they are very costly. So we need a complete
solution to these problems. While there are various vendors are working in this industry. But
they provide the very expensive solution with explicit wiring.

The motive of my project is to solve the three problems. My project name is Load management
and monitoring system. In this you can manage your electrical load. You can switch your load
to Wapda and Solar. The switching of load is available in this. The main objective is to Home
Automation using GSM technique. You can ON/OFF your devices from anywhere. So this thing
is available in my project. The other feature is the unavailability of power monitoring system.
You can monitor you power consumption from anywhere in this world. The detail of home
automation and power consumption and from where your load is being operated. You can get
complete information about load, consumption and about the supply of the load either Solar or
Wapda.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1) Introduction

Automation industry has been evolving since last two decades and probably is the vastest
field as it finds its applications almost everywhere. Although automation has already
dominated industrial and domestic applications but many problems remain unaddressed
in techniques used. Explicit wiring had to be used for control signals for each appliance.
Moreover the check on power consumption and total energy estimation is not available.
Keeping in view the above mentioned concerns the an integrated solution is being
explored which will ensure real time check on power consumption, no need of an extra
wiring and plug and play installation. This will be implemented through use single
controller installed in distribution board. Control of all appliances of house and power
consumption will be available on your android app. This proposed design will inform
the user whenever there is extra usage of electricity after exceeding a particular limit.
One can change this limit according to their needs.
My project first feature is to do the home automation using GSM. You can ON/OFF your
appliances from anywhere in this world or country. As we know that GSM is the one of
the most using technology now. With the increase in the number of users, all the research
and work is being transferred to this technique. So we are having other solution but we
are using GSM in my project. You can ON/OFF your appliances from anywhere. So we
try to do it on first base.
The second feature is consumption of the load that is not smart. You have to go outside
your home to see the meter reading. So I have provided the solution to this. You can
check your load consumption from your phone. There are several things that are
available now but you have to buy it separately but I have managed it with other things.
I have proposed the solution of home automation and monitoring with load management
in this project.
Load management is defined as the demand management from the customer side. We
have to balance the supply. If you have two sources of electricity like Wapda and solar.
You can switch it manually. But this solution is provided in my project. You can just
send a message to switch the supply. So this feature is also available in my project. This
is just to do the mini things available at low price.
There are several issues that remains unsolved in the automation department. The first
issue is the explicit wiring. Anything that we transmit needs a medium to for
transformation. So we have to change the complete wiring if we are going to do home

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automation using available techniques. But we have solved this issue. We do not require
to change the wiring for this.
Another problem that we are facing is the wastage of power. If you are not at home then
you do not know what the power consumption at you home is now. SO everyone requires
a monitoring system by which they can monitor the Power. So we are providing a
monitoring system in our project. You can receive information that what is your power
consumption and which appliance is being on.
There is no system in Pakistan that is providing the power consumption n information to
the users. So we are proving this to the users that can monitor the power consumption.
You can see the power consumption remaining at anywhere in this world. So my aim is
to cover all the thing that are required for home automation.
So this is the first project that is covering the different tasks. The first task is to do the
automation using the GSM technology. The second task is to monitor the consumption
of the load. The third task is to balance the load. In this if you want to switch your load
from Wapda to solar just send a message for doing so. So all the things are covered in
this. So this is all about the introduction.

1.2) Background
Home automation is the vast field. Early home automation began with labour-saving machine.
Home automation has been a great industry right now and has finest of the competitors an
industry right now. From very local company to big automation giant like ABB and Honeywell
have implemented via integrating different system to produce solution. Google has even stepped
into this industry into this industry and has launched its product name Google Home. These
solutions in industry are appreciated but there are lies a lot of room to further mature the
technology and address some key gaps that are still lying. These gaps explicit wiring required
to install these solution. As ABB’s product ABB free@Home require input and output module
installed that will be connected to main central processing unit. The command control
mechanism involves a relay logic implemented to get a relatively weaker signal from output
port processed. The Google’s product Google Home has employed Wi-Fi instead of
conventional panels and all that wiring. But the solution of explicit wiring is not yet addressed
as Ethernet cables needed to be installed and a viable internet connection is required and
moreover the times it takes to operation is relatively larger than the novel concept of solving
this very challenge by using power line communication .

As commercial use of electricity spread in 1880s, it became increasingly important that an

electric energy meter similarly to the then existing gas meter was required to properly bill

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customers, instead of billing for a fixed number of lamps. DC meters measured charge in
ampere-hours. Since the voltage of the supply should remain constant, the reading of the meter
was proportional. After that the technology is being advancing due to which the technology
being used in energy meter is improved.

1972, Theodore George “Ted” Paraskevakos, while working for Boeing in Huntsville, Alabama,
developed a sensor monitoring system which used digital transmission for security, fire, and
medical alarm systems as well as meter-reading capabilities for all utilities. This technology was
a spin-off of his patented automatic telephone line identification system, now known as caller
ID. In, 1974, Paraskevakos was awarded a U.S. patent for this technology.At the request of the
Alabama Power Company, Paraskevakos developed a load-management system along with
automatic meter-reading technology. In doing so, he utilized the ability of the system to monitor
the speed of the watt power meter disc and, consequently, power consumption. This information,
along with the time of day, gave the power company the ability to instruct individual meters to
manage water heater and air conditioning consumption in order to prevent peaks in usage during
the high consumption portions of the day. For this approach, Paraskevakos was awarded
multiple patent.

1.3) Problem Statement

There are three areas that are defined as problem zones. Each of the problem in itself is a
challenge and devising an integrated solution that will cater all of them in an economical manner
lies at the head of the challenges. All the existing solutions in the market needs the explicit
wiring or installation of a network of transmission where automation needs to be executed. Any
information or command that needs to be sent or travelled always needs a medium and without
that it is not possible. According to earth times, 1.3 billion pounds is wasted due to the unused
electrical appliances left in Britain. Energy has developed itself as a crisis around the globe and
a lot of pressure is built on the scientists to have techniques to capture all the possible energy
around the world. The idea of how much units are consumed and what will be estimated bill is
always a concern of the customer and they wish to know beforehand so they can gauge their
usage accordingly so they do not exceed or cross the limit. My project cover all the three
problems.

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1.4) Objective
The objective of this project is to design a smart home which have some following features

i. Development of An Energy Meter

a. Use of CT
b. Measuring the CT Reading
c. Converting it into Power
d. Bill Calculations
ii. Home Automation Using GSM
a. Setting Up Arduino with GSM
b. Control of appliances
iii. Load Management System
1.5) Circuit Diagram
The required circuit is given below:

Figure 1-a Circuit Diagram

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Several models have been developed to simulate the Load Management and Monitoring System:

Rozita Teymourzadeh[1] Recently, the home automation market is very promising field that is
growing very fast and needs vast range of developments that can be carried out in the concept
of smart home. In this project design and implementation of smart GSM house was considered.
PIC16F887 microcontroller with the cooperation of GSM provides the smart automated house
system with the desired baud rate of 9600 bps. The proposed prototype was implemented and
tested with maximum of four loads and shows the accuracy of ≥98%.

Ghuswinder Gill [2] The homes Wi-Fi network was implemented through a standard Wireless
(802.11b and 802.11g) ADSL Modem Router, with a 4 port switch. The modem provides two
primary functions. Firstly, the modem provides the connection between the Internet and local
Wi-Fi network; hence extending access to the Wi-Fi enabled home gateway to any location with
Internet access. Secondly, any local Wi-Fi enabled device within range of the home’s Wi-Fi
network can directly access the home gateway. This provides a low cost communication method
with the home network, reduced infrastructure costs where Wi-Fi devices are already in use.
Moreover, home owners can monitor and control the home automation network, using familiar
technology and devices.

Carelin Felix [3] This paper has reviewed the existing state of home automation systems, and
identified and discussed five areas that have hindered consumer adoption of such technologies.
Briefly, the areas include: the complexity and expense of the architectures adopted by existing
systems, the intrusiveness of the system installations, the lack of interoperability between
different home automation technologies, and the lack of interoperability between systems
developed by different manufacturers that utilize the same technology. Interface inflexibility
and the inconsistent approaches adopted towards security and safety are also problems. A novel
architecture for a home automation system is proposed and implemented, using the relatively
new communication technology ZigBee. The use of ZigBee communications technology helps
lower the expense of the system and the intrusiveness of the respective system installation

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Baris Yakseya[4] This paper presents the design and the implementation of an interactive home
automation system with the GSM, the Internet accessibility and the speech features. The Internet
provides access the full features of the system through an interactive Web interface. As the
mobility in the world increases, the need to control home from remote locations also increases.
The GSM is an excellent choice for this due to its extensive coverage. Since SMS is a text based
protocol, even the most basic GSM systems can have an access to the status of the devices or
make changes on these states. The speech makes the system an excellent choice for the motion
disabled. The whole system is secured through a login password based authentication. The
design is completely wireless and integrated with the software to form a low-cost, robust and
easily operable system. RF communication makes the system easy to install. The multi-value
adjustment feature is another strong point in the system enabling the devices to have distinct
states rather than just on and off. In addition, the nodes in the system can easily be expanded to
incorporate other devices

Ohidul Islam,Sherazus Salakin[5] Arduino and GSM based Smart Energy Meter for advanced
metering and billing system is built which is able to read and send data via wireless protocol
using GSM technology through GSM modem, capable of manage the meter as well as the line
connection. However this project needs more modification for more reliable and higher degree
of satisfaction and safety. For GSM module the network coverage of the SIM used is one of the
important facts. The network strength should strong so that the GSM module can work well.
One of the most important facts for this project is high cost of the component so that the overall
cost of this project is high. Due to educational purpose and for research the equipment is
provided with all pin connection, features and all possible events. As a result the manufacture
cost is high. But when we implement this project commercially the cost may reduce by two or
three times or more than the demo project. In commercial production for this project all the
necessary component should provide only necessary pin connection and features. As a result
overall cost may reduce more. In spite of being high cost at first time that mean when buy or
install the overall cost of the system will reduce for this meter. The human labor that is taking
data from energy meter in present day has to pay a good amount of salary for every month.
Comparing this case Smart Energy Meter saves enough money for every month. In case of line
cutting present system is very complex, time consuming and need much labor. Labor come to
the pole from where the line taken, ride on the ladder and cut the line through pliers. This process
is dangerous and risk of high voltage and high current electric shock. In case of line reconnect

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have to follow same procedure. For this system also need labor cost. But a Smart Energy Meter
can easily do these is ok.

Ammar Aria, Essam Al Ammar [6] The aim was to design and develop a device that monitors
the energy consumed and then sends the data by a wireless transmission system. The data is
collected by a data management system which can provide the energy usage information to the
user in through the internet. The GSM and ZigBee protocols were used for wireless
communication. The device works online so all the data are received in real time. In this paper,
Zigbee is used by the receiver to test this technology and provide the ability to communicate
with inhouse equipments and other smart meters. These Zigbee features will be further exploited
in future work. Other future work will consider the use of a different way for reading the energy.
Also, future work will include building new prototypes and testing the device in real scenarios
such as installing it in a house. This device enables consumers to easily monitor and track their
energy usage. Nowadays, people are checking their energy usage by manually reading their
electricity meters, which is inefficient and provides very little information. There is a growing
concern over the amount of energy consumed and the awareness of the community. By using
this device, consumers will be able to use the internet or the smart phone application to monitor
and economize their energy consumption. With more information people have about their
energy usage, they will be able to reduce their energy consumption and therefore save both
energy and money.

Peter Palenksky [7] One of the main challenges for DSM is on the ICT side [30].Surely, DSM
potential and operations of the physical parts areimportant but they are relatively well
researched. It is ICT in-teroperability, algorithm stability, information security, and (in-
formation) network management that shows the highest levelsof activities. Several international
committees are working onsmart grid interoperability, smart metering standards, and infor-
mation security for energy management.

C. N. Lu J. H. Teng [8] Test results are presented for relatively small systems. It is better to
apply state estimation to portions which are supplied from distribution substation transformers
rather than feeders. The reason is that per flows are measured at substation transformers and
current magnitudes are measured at corresponding feeders. On the average, one feeder supplies
150-200 distribution transformers and the number of feeders connected to one substation
transformer is 7-10. So the average size of a portion entails to 1500-2000 transformers. If we
consider unbalanced conditions as well, the state estimation problem will be a complicated

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problem for distribution systems and it would be interesting to see the results of the proposed
techniques on more practical cases.

Aryo H. Primicanta, bMohd Yunus Nayan, and Mohammad Awan [9]From the preliminary
study in current metering problem in Malaysia and the AMR technology, the study has shown
that GSM and ZigBee can be used for solving the metering METER POWER IN POWER OUT
P U L S E O U T MICOM [PIC18F4520] ZigBee module [802.15.4]DATA OUT. Problem in
Malaysia. The loopback test shows that the module can work well in sending and receiving data
simultaneously. An embedded system is researched by authors. After the system is built, it will
be tested to see the performance.
Gohil, A., Modi, H., & Patel, S. K. [10]In this paper we have surveyed 5G technology for mobile
communication. The 5G technology is designed as an open platform on different layers, from
the physical layer up to the application. Presently, the current work is in the modules that shall
offer the best Operating System and lowest cost for a specified service using one or more than
one wireless technology at the same time from the 5G mobile. A newrevolution of 5G
technology is about to begin because 5G technology going to give tough completion to normal
computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be affected. There are lots of improvements
from 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G to 5G in the world of mobile communication. The new coming 5G
technology is available in the market at inexpensive rates, high peak expectations and much
reliability than its foregoing technologies.5G network technology will release a novel age in
mobile communication. The 5G mobiles will have access to different wireless technologies at
the identical time and the terminal should be able to merge different flows from different
technologies. 5G technology offers high resolution for passionate mobile phone consumer. We
can watch an HD TV channel in our mobile phones without any disturbance. The 5G mobile
phones will be a tablet PC. Many mobile embedded technologies will develop.

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 Chapter 3
Methodology

My project consist of three parts home automation, energy meter, and load management. So
there is a step by step approach to complete the project.
a. Home Automation
Gsm based Home Automation are used to control Home devices Like TV, Lights, AC etc. Just
take an example, if there are sunny day and you want to turn on your AC Before you Even Walk
in the Door. So for this you have to send a SMS then AC will be turn on. It is simple way to
save electricity and make our home smart. If we uses this idea and implement to it in our society
it will be helpful in saving enough amount of electricity and off-course money and it is the way
to make our home as smart home. Home automation is the vast field. We can use Bluetooth,
Wifi, or Zig bee technology. But all these have limitations. They cannot be operated far beyond.
By using GSM we can control appliances from anywhere. So this issue is being solved by using
GSM technique. The final required target is given below.
Home automation using Gsm technology with lcd display

Figure 2-Home Automation Using GSM

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b. Energy Meter
Energy meter is a device which clips onto your home’s electricity mains and then provide you
information on your power consumption and cost estimates for a month. But this energy meter
is not smart. You cannot get information about the bill and do not know what is the number of
units you have consumed in this month. So I have added the energy meter in my project. This
will display the reading on LCD and also can send the information about the bill and number of
units being used. This meter measures the current measurement by using CT (current
transformer) and then does a couple of calculations to give you your current, power consumption
and bill.
The required circuit is given below.

Figure 3-Energy Meter

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c. Load Management
Another feature we have added is the load management. I can trip from Wapda to solar supply.
If the power consumption is more then you can switch the supply to avoid the consumption.
You can monitor that your load is on which supply. This is done in this.

d. Complete Circuit Diagram

Figure 4- Circuit Diagram

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 CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

The project consists of the following components.

1. Arduino Uno
2. GSM Module 900
3. Energy meter
4. Relays
5. Load (Bulbs, Fan)
6. 16×2 LCD display
7. Power supplies

Description of the components are given below:

a) ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with
sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog
pins, and programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 volt
battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to the
Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under a
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also
available. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference
versions of Arduino , now evolved to newer releases. It communicates using the original
STK500 protocol.

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 b) GSM Module

This is an ultra compact and reliable wireless module. The SIM900A is a complete Dual-band
GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT module which can be embedded in the customer applications
allowing you to benefit from small dimensions and cost-effective solutions. Featuring an
industry-standard interface, the SIM900A delivers GSM/GPRS 900/1800MHz performance for
voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a small form factor and with low power consumption. With a tiny
configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm, SIM900A can fit almost all the space requirements in
your applications, especially for slim and compact demand of design.

Figure 5-GSM Module

c) Energy meter
The idea of how much units have been consumed, will be determined by energy
meter used in circuit. Energy meter is medium to calculate how many units have

Figure 6- Energy Meter

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been consumed in the given time interval. We ll check the consumed units by only one message
to GSM module using android application in our mobile phone. By knowing the units consumed,
customer may estimate the billing of electricity used.

d) Relays
Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically.
Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit.
As relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is normally open (NO), there is an open
contact when the relay is not energized.
The advantage of relays is that it takes a relatively small amount of power to operate the
relay coil, but the relay itself can be used to control motors, heaters, lamps or AC
circuits.which themselves can draw a lot more electrical power.In this project relays will
interface the arduino instructions taken from GSM module to electrical load to be on &

Figure 7- Relay Circuit

off.

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 e) 16×2 LCD display

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits. ... A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2
such lines.

Figure 8-Lcd Display

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 REFERENCES

[1] Rozita Teymourzadeh, CEng, Member IEEE/IET, Salah Addin Ahmed, Kok Wai Chan,
and Mok Vee Hoong Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environmen

[2] IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 2, MAY 2009 Contributed Paper
Manuscript received November 8, 2008 0098 3063/09/$20.00 © 2009 IEEE 422 A ZigBee-
Based Home Automation System Khusvinder Gill, Shuang-Hua Yang, Fang Yao, and Xin Lu

[3] D.Zmabrano, E.Falotico, L.Manfredi and C.Laschi, 2010. ‘A model of smooth pursuit eye
movement with prediction and learning’.Avanced Robotics Technology and Systems
Laboratory, Pisa, Italy

[4] A GSM, Internet and Speech Controlled Wireless Interactive Home Automation System
Baris Yuksekkaya, A. Alper Kayalar, M. Bilgehan Tosun, M. Kaan Ozcan, and Ali Ziya Alkar,
Member, IEEE

[5] 2nd Int'l Conf. on Electrical Engineering and Information & Communication Technology
(ICEEICT) 2015 Jahangimagar University, Dhaka-I 342, Bangladesh, 21-23 May 2015 Arduino
and GSM Based Smart Energy Meter for Advanced Metering and Billing System Md. Masudur
Rahman; Noor-E-Jannat; Mohd. Ohidul Islam; Md. Serazus Salakin

[6] Experimental Study and Design of Smart Energy Meter for the Smart Grid Anmar Arif*,
Muhannad AI-Hussain, Nawaf AI-Mutairi, Essam AI-Ammar Yasin Khan and Nazar Malik

[7] Demand Side Management: Demand Response,Intelligent Energy Systems, and Smart
LoadsPeter Palensky, Senior Member, IEEE, and Dietmar Dietrich, Senior Member, IEEE

[8] Lu, C. N., Teng, J. H., & Liu, W.-H. E. (1995). Distribution system state estimation. IEEE
Transactions on Power Systems, 10(1), 229–240. doi:10.1109/59.373946

[9] Primicanta, A. H., Nayan, M. Y., & Awan, M. (2010). ZigBee-GSM based Automatic Meter
Reading system. 2010 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems.
doi:10.1109/icias.2010.5716223

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[10] Gohil, A., Modi, H., & Patel, S. K. (2013). 5G technology of mobile communication: A
survey. 2013 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing (ISSP).
doi:10.1109/issp.2013.6526920

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