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Exercise4 PDF

The document contains 6 exercises involving first- and higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Exercise 1 involves using separation of variables to find general solutions to various first-order ODEs. Exercise 2 solves initial value problems for first-order ODEs. Exercise 3 determines if equations are exact to solve initial value problems for first-order ODEs. Exercise 4 tests linear dependence of functions using the Wronskian. Exercises 5 and 6 find general solutions to homogeneous and non-homogeneous ODEs with constant coefficients.

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Raveena
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135 views

Exercise4 PDF

The document contains 6 exercises involving first- and higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Exercise 1 involves using separation of variables to find general solutions to various first-order ODEs. Exercise 2 solves initial value problems for first-order ODEs. Exercise 3 determines if equations are exact to solve initial value problems for first-order ODEs. Exercise 4 tests linear dependence of functions using the Wronskian. Exercises 5 and 6 find general solutions to homogeneous and non-homogeneous ODEs with constant coefficients.

Uploaded by

Raveena
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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First- and higher-order ODE

Exercises

1. Find the general solution for y(x) using separation of variable, y 0 = X(x)Y (y) →
R dy R
= X(x)dx.
Y (y)
(a) y 0 = 3x2 e−y
(b) y 0 = 6x2 + 5
(c) y 0 + 4y = 0
(d) y 0 − (y 2 − y)ex = 0
(e) y 0 − 3(y + 1) sin x = 0

2. Solve the initial value problem for x(t) and find limt→∞ x(t).

(a) x0 = −2x2 ; x(1) = −1


1
(b) x0 + e−t = 0; x(0) = 3
2
0 x
(c) x = ; x(4) = 8
2t

3. Test if the equation is exact (that is, test if ∂M (x, y)/∂y = ∂N (x, y)/∂x in
M (x, y) + N (x, y)y 0 = 0). If exact, solve the initial value problem.

(a) x − 2y − (2x − y)y 0 = 0; y(−3) = 5


(b) 3 − y 0 = 0; y(0) = 6
(c) ye−x + 1 + (xe−x )y 0 = 0; y(0) = e
(d) 3x2 sin 2y − 2xy + (2x3 cos 2y − x2 )y 0 = 0; y(1) = π/4
(e) 2xy + (y 2 − x2 )y 0 = 0; y(3) = 0
(f) 3x2 y ln y + (x3 ln y + x3 − 2y)y 0 = 0; y(1) = e
(g) 4 cos 2x − e−5y y 0 = 0; y(0) = −6

4. Test if the functions in a set are linearly dependent or independent by calculating


the Wronskian.
(a) {1, x, x2 }
(b) {ex , cos x, sin x}
(c) {ex , xex , e4x }
(d) {ex , e−x , sinh x} HINT: (sinh x)0 = cosh x, (cosh x)0 = sinh x
5. Find a general solution of the following homogeneous differential equation with
constant coefficients.
(a) y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = 0
(b) y 00 − 2y 0 + 3y = 0
(c) y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y = 0
(d) y 00 + 6y 0 + 9y = 0
(e) y 000 + 3y 0 − 4y = 0
(f) y 000 + 5y 00 = 0
(g) y 000 + 3y 00 + 3y 0 + y = 0

6. Find a general solution of the following non-homogeneous differential equation


with constant coefficients.
(a) y 00 − y 0 = 5 sin 2x
(b) y 00 − y 0 = 2xex
(c) y 00 − y 0 = x2 ex
(d) y 00 + y 0 = 5 − e−x
(e) y 00 − 2y 0 + 3y = 2xex + 3
(f) y 00 + y 0 − 2y = 4x2 − 10 sin x
(g) y 00 + 2y 0 = 12x2 + 8e2x
Answers

1.

(a) y = ln(x3 + C)
(b) y = 2x3 + 5x + C
(c) y = Ce−4x
1 1
(d) y = ex +C when 0 < y ≤ 1, ex +C when y < 0 or y ≥ 1
e +1 −e +1
(e) y = Ce−3 cos x − 1

2.

(a) x(t) = 1/(2t − 3), lim x(t) = 0


t→∞
−t
(b) x(t) = (5 + e )/2, lim x(t) = 2.5
t→∞
√
(c) x(t) = 4 t, lim x(t) = ∞
t→∞

3.

(a) x2 + y 2 − 4xy = 94
(b) y = 3x + 6
(c) Not exact
π
(d) x3 sin 2y − x2 y = 1 −
4
(e) Not exact
(f) x3 y ln y − y 2 = e − e2
(g) 10 sin 2x + e−5y = e30

4.

(a) W = 2, linearly independent


(b) W = 2ex , linearly independent
(c) W = 9e6x , linearly independent
(d) W = 0, linearly dependent

5.

(a) y = C1 ex + C2 e2x
√ √
(b) y = ex C1 sin ( 2x) + C2 cos ( 2x)


(c) y = e−x {C1 sin x + C2 cos x}


(d) y = C1 e−3x + C2 xe−3x
n  √15   √15 o
(e) y = C1 ex + e−x/2 C2 cos x + C3 sin x
2 2
(f) y = C1 e−5x + C2 + C3 x
(g) y = C1 e−x + C2 xe−x + C3 x2 e−x

6.
1
(a) y = C1 ex + C2 + cos 2x − sin 2x
2
(b) y = C1 ex + C2 + ex x2 − 2ex x
1
(c) y = C1 ex + C2 + ex x3 − ex x2 + 2ex x
3
(d) y = C1 + C2 e + e−x x + 5x
−x
√ √
(e) y = ex C1 cos ( 2x) + C2 sin ( 2x) + ex x + 1


(f) y = C1 ex + C2 e−2x − 2x2 − 2x − 3 + 3 sin x + cos x


(g) y = C1 + C2 e−2x + e2x + 2x3 − 3x2 + 3x

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