DESIGN OF MULTI-LEVEL

CAR PARKING

presented by,
HARIKRISHNAN S (14BCI038)
MANOJKUMAR N (14BCI042)
KARPAGAVELAN K (14BCIL05)
 OBJECTIVES
• To analyse and design a multi-level car parking.
• To estimate the total cost for construction.
• To provide safe and easily accessible area for car parking.
REASON FOR SELECTINGS SITE:
• Due to traffic jam, since there are more shops, banks and hospitals
around the bus stop

• Easily accessible to all area from the parking

METHODOLOGY
PLAN

ANALYSIS

DESIGNING

DETAILING

ESTIMATION
 BUILDING DETAILS
• Concrete structure and M30 Grade
• Type of car parking : “Conventional car parking”
• Number of storey : G+3
• Helical ramp is provided for car movement between the
floors
• Lift and Stair case is also provided
• Total area : 5578.12 m2
PLAN
ISOMETRIC VIEW
WALKTHROUGH VIDEO
Project1 Walkthrough 3.avi
 PLAN DETAILS
• All floors are same in plan (80 x 40 m²)
• Ramp of diameter = 6m
• Staircase is provided for emergency.
• Lift
• Height of each floor = 4m
• Parapet wall thickness and height are 100mm and 1m respectively
 SLAB
The most common type of structural element used to cover
floors and roofs of buildings is a reinforced concrete slab

The slabs are classified into the following types. They are
• One-way slab (l/b ratio greater than 2)
• Two-way slab (l/b ratio lesser than 2)
• Flat slabs
• Grid slabs
 DESIGN OF SLAB
Given : Size of slab = 10 x 10 m Overall depth (d) = 425 mm

Concrete grade = 30 N/mm2 Effective span = 10 + 0.425 = 10.425m

Steel grade = 415 N/mm2 Load calculation:

Live load = 0.75 KN/m2 ( from NBC 2005) S.W of slab = (0.425 x 1 x 25)=10.625

Check for type of slab: L.L = 0.75

Ly = 10m Lx = 10m F.F =1

(Ly/Lx) = 1 <2 Total = 12.375KN/m2

Hence it is two way slab Factored load = (1.5 x 12.375)

Depth: =18.56KN/m2

Depth = span / 25 Moment calculation:

=10000/25 = 400mm From is IS456 table 26; αx=α y= 0.047

Mux= Muy=(αxwulx2) =(0.047 x 17.96 x 102)
= 84.412 KNm.
Check for depth: Check for shear stress:
Mumax = 0.138fckbd2 гv= Vu/bd = (41.065 x 103)/(103 x 150)
=0.273N/mm2
d=142.79mm
Therefore, Adopt d= 150mm
Pt = (100 *Ast)/bd = (100* 785.3)/(103 *150)
Reinforecements: = 0.524 %
Mu= 0.87fyAst d[1-((fyAst)/(Fckbd))]
Ast=767mm2 Refer to table 19, IS 456;

Provide 10mm dia. Bars, K гc= (1.27*0.31) = 0.39 N/mm2 > гv

S= (1000 x 78.53)/767
Hence, SAFE…
S= 102.3mm
Provide 10mm dia. Bars at 100 c/c in both
direction.
DETAILING OF SLAB
LOAD FROM SLAB TO BEAM
BY YIELD LINE THEORY
 LOAD FROM SLAB TO BEAM
• Assuming cross-section of beam as 0.4 x 0.8 mm
• Since the slab are two way slab, squrae in shape and the load transfer
from slab to beam in triangular pattern,
For triangle = WL/3
= 18.56 x 10 /3
= 61.86 KN/m
S.W of beam = 04 x 0.8 x 1 x 25
= 8 KN/m
Parapet wall = 0.1 x 1 x 1 x 20
= 2 KN/m
Total = 71.86 KN/m
This is total load acting on the beam A1
LOAD FROM SLAB TO BEAM
 ANALYSIS
Analysis was done in two methods:
• Manual analysis
• Using STADD Pro
 ANALYSIS METHOD
Moment distribution method
• It is for determining the relative flexural stiffness, in the
plane of loading, of all the elements rigidly connected to
each joint
• It can be applied to a variety of indeterminate structures
MANUAL ANALYSIS
BEAM END FORCE
 STADD PRO ANALYSIS
STEPS:
• Frame of the building was created in the software by using the
plan created using Auto CAD as reference.
• Support conditions were assigned.
• The member properties were assigned for beams and columns.
• The loading cases were given to slabs and beams.
• The analysis of the frame was done.
• The concrete design of beams and columns were done.
BENDING MOMENT
SHEAR FORCE
STAAD PRO ANALYSIS SKELETON VIEW
LOADING CONDITION
DEFLECTION DIAGRAM
 DESIGN METHOD
Limit state method
It is based on the concept as to achieve an acceptable
probability that the structure will not become unserviceable
in its life time.
• Limit state of collapse
• Limit state of serviceability
LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE:
It corresponds to maximum load carrying capacities and it
violation implies failure but do not mean complete collapse. This
limit state corresponds to:
Flexure.
Compression.
Shear, and
Torsion.
LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILITY:
It corresponds to the development of excessive deformation. This state
corresponds to:
Deflection.
Cracking, and
Vibration.
CODES USED

a) IS 456: 2000 - Code of practice for plain and reinforced cement concrete.

b) IS 875: 1987 – Code of practice for design loads for the buildings and
structures.

c) SP-16 1978 – Code of design aids for reinforced concrete to IS 456:1978.

 ELEMENTS
• SLAB
• BEAM
• COLUMN
• FOOTING
• STAIRCASE
• RAMP
 PROPERTIES
• The compressive strength of the concrete is taken as
30N/mm² because of M30 Grade
• The yield strength of the steel is taken as 415N/mm²
 BEAM
Beams are the members on which the slabs rest upon. The reactions
from the slab gets transferred to the beams. The loading for a beam is given
as a uniformly distributed load. The weight of overlying walls also gets
transferred to the beams. There are two types of beams.
• Plinth beams.
• Roof beams.
FRAME END MOMENTS
MEMBER MOMENT(KNm)
AB 417.5
BA 521.8
BI -1139.5
IB 1121.4
IJ -463.0
JI -231.5
Hence, design for maximum positive moment,
Mu = 1121.4 KNm
Mulim = 0.138 x fck x b x d2
= 0.138 x 30 x 400 x 8002
= 1059.84 KNm
Hence, Mu > Mulim
So design as DOUBLY-REINFORCED BEAM
 DESIGN OF BEAMS
BEAM.docx
 COLUMN
Columns are the vertical members of a structure. The columns support the beams present
in the building. The reactions of the beams are transferred as loads to the column. The loading for
a column is given as an axial load. The types of columns are as follows
• Short columns – fails by crushing.
• Long columns – fails by buckling.

The loads which are considered for the design are as follows
• Dead loads.
• Live loads.
 LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR COLUMN
139.7𝑥 10 139.7 𝑥 10 139.7 𝑥 10 139.7 𝑥 10
Load from top beam to column = + + +
2 2 2 2

= 2800 KN
Load from 3rd column to next floor = 2800+2854
= 5654KN
Load from 2nd column to next floor = 5654+2854
=8508 KN
Load from 1st column to ground floor = 8508 + 2854
= 11362 KN
This 2500 KN load is going to at the ground floor, so column can be designed for this load and the
size and reinforcement obtained here can be provided in all floors.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN
• DESIGN OF COLUMN.docx
• UNIAXIAL.docx
• biaxial column.docx
 FOOTING
Foundations are the structural members which transfer and distribute the load of the building to
the ground.
These structural components play an important role in the stability of the structure. It is
impossible to build a building without a foundation.
The foundations are nothing but the extension and fixation of columns firmly into the ground.
The various types of foundations available are listed below
1. Shallow foundation
a) Isolated footings.
b) Combined footings
c) Strap footings.
d) Raft foundation
2. Deep foundation
a) Pile foundation.
b) Well foundation.
c) Caisson foundation
 DESIGN OF FOOTING
• footing.docx
• uniaxial footing.docx
 STAIRCASE
Staircase is nothing but number of steps arranged in series for the purpose of
giving access to different floors in a building.
Staircases are usually designed similar to slabs. The only difference between slabs
and staircase is that the staircase is inclined and is subjected to inclined loading.
Sometimes a landing is provided either to turn the direction of the staircase or to
relax while climbing up the stairs. The various types of staircases available are as follows.

1. Straight staircase.
2. Dog legged staircase. DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
3. Open well staircase. stair.docx
4. Quarter turn staircase.
5. Geometrical staircase.
6. Free standing staircase.
 RAMP
An inclined plane, also known as a ramp, is a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle,
with one end higher than the other, used as an aid for raising or lowering a load.
Moving an object up an inclined plane requires less force than lifting it straight up, at a
cost of an increase in the distance moved.
The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane, the factor by which the force is reduced,
is equal to the ratio of the length of the sloped surface to the height it spans.
Due to conservation of energy, the same amount of mechanical energy (work) is required
to lift a given object by a given vertical distance, disregarding losses from friction, but the
inclined plane allows the same work to be done with a smaller force exerted over a greater
distance.
The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane depends on its slope, its gradient or
steepness. The smaller the slope, the larger the mechanical advantage, and the smaller the force
needed to raise a given weight
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
• The appropriate steepness, length and width.
• The distance between landings.
• Likely users and the mode of assistance they are likely to require.
• Surface materials.
• Approach and access onto the ramp.
• The position of handrails and barriers.
• Placement of door handles and the swing direction of doors.
• Impact of a ramp on available space, existing trees, vegetation, and so on.
• Cost.
• Compliance with the building regulations.
• The availability of alternative means of access.
DESIGN OF RAMP
• ramp.docx
CONTINUED
 DESIGN OF RAMP BEAM
• ramp beam.docx
 DESIGN OF COLUMN & FOOTING
FOR RAMP
• RAMP COLUMN.docx
• RAMP FOOTING.docx
ESTIMATION
 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE
• BBS.docx
 CONCLUSION
• The multi-level car parking was designed as a G+3 building.
• The layout of the building was planned with reference of Codes to facilitate maximum utility.
• Columns were designed according to axial, uniaxial and biaxial loading condition and footings
were provided based on column design.
• For emergency purpose separate dog-legged staircase is provide on front side of structure.
• The structure was designed for Thirunelveli city, considering the advantageous of this structure the
possibilities for the project to be proposed in real time are on positive side.
• The project has helped us gain fair amount of knowledge on Structural Analysis and Design of
reinforced concrete and had an experience on STADD PRO & Revit Architecture software.
 REFERENCES

• Dr. B.C. PUNMIA, ASHOK KUMAR JAIN, ARUN KUMAR JAIN- LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE, 2007 EDITION.
• KRISHNA RAJU.N, PRANESH. RN- REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN, First-2003
• S S BHAVIKATTI, STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II, 4th EDITION
• IS-456:2000 PLAIN & REIFORCED CONCRETE - CODE OF PRACTISE.
• IS-875:1987 CODE OF PRACTISE FOR DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE) FOR
BUILDING AND STRUCTURE.
• SP-16-1978 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE TO IS456-1978.