Review Questions in General Chemistry

Questions
3.101 A mixture of N2(g) and H2(g) [4.114] The newest US standard for arsenate in 3.53 (a) Combustion analysis of toluene,
reacts in a closed container to form drinking water, mandated by the Safe Drinking a common organic solvent, gives 5.86
ammonia, NH3(g). The reaction Water Act, required that by January 2006, public mg of CO2 and 1.37 mg of H2O. If the
ceases before either reactant has been water supplies must contain no greater than 10 compound contains only carbon and
totally consumed. At this stage 3.0 parts per billion (ppb) arsenic. If this arsenic is hydrogen, what is its empirical formula?
mol N2, 3.0 present as arsenate, , what mass of sodium (b) Menthol, the substance we can smell
mol H2, and 3.0 mol NH3 are arsenate would be present in a 1.00-L sample of in mentholated cough drops, is
present. How many moles of N2 drinking water that just meets the standard? Parts composed of C, H, and O. A 0.1005-g
and H2 were present originally? per billion is defined on a mass basis as sample of menthol is combusted,
producing 0.2829 g of CO2 and 0.1159 g
of H2O. What is the empirical formula
for menthol? If menthol has a molar
mass of 156 g>mol, what is its
molecular formula?
3.61 Hydrofluoric acid, HF(aq), 3.51 Determine the empirical and molecular 3.77 The fizz produced when an Alka-
cannot be stored in glass bottles formulas of each of the following substances: Seltzer® tablet is dissolved in water is
because compounds called silicates (a) Styrene, a compound substance used to make due to the reaction between sodium
in the glass are attacked by the Styrofoam® cups and insulation, contains 92.3% bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and citric acid
HF(aq). Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), C and 7.7% H by mass and has a molar mass of (H3C6H5O7):3 NaHCO3(aq) +
for example, reacts as follows: 104 g>mol. (b) Caffeine, a stimulant found in H3C6H5O7(aq) 3 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) +
Na2SiO3(s) + 8 HF(aq)  H coffee, contains 49.5% C, 5.15% H, 28.9% N, Na3C6H5O7(aq)
2SiF6(aq) + 2 NaF(aq) + 3 H2O(l) and 16.5% O by mass and has a molar mass of In a certain experiment 1.00 g of sodium
(a) How many moles of HF are 195 g>mol. (c) Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a bicarbonate and 1.00 g of citric acid are
needed to react with 0.300 flavor enhancer in certain foods, contains 35.51% allowed to react. (a) Which is the
mol of Na2SiO3? (b) How many C, 4.77% H, 37.85% O, 8.29% N, and 13.60% limiting reactant? (b) How many grams
grams of NaF form when 0.500 mol Na, and has a molar mass of 169 g/mol. of carbon dioxide form? (c) How many
of HF reacts with excess Na2SiO3? grams of the excess reactant remain after
(c) How many grams of Na2SiO3 can the limiting reactant is completely
react with 0.800 g of HF? consumed?
3.63Several brands of antacids use 3.75 Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon 3.67Automotive air bags inflate when
Al(OH)3 to react with stomach acid, dioxide as follows: sodium azide, NaN3, rapidly
which contains primarily HCl: 2 NaOH(s) + CO2(g) Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) decomposes to its component elements:
Al(OH)3(s) + HCl(aq) - AlCl3(aq) Which is the limiting reactant when 1.85 mol 2 NaN3(s) 2 Na(s) + 3 N2(g)
+ H2O(l) (a) Balance this equation. NaOH and 1.00 mol CO2 are allowed to react? (a) How many moles of N2 are produced
(b) Calculate the number of grams of How many moles of Na2CO3 can be produced? by the decomposition of 1.50 mol of
HCl that can react with 0.500 g of How many moles of the excess reactant remain NaN 3? (b) How many grams of NaN3
Al(OH)3. (c) Calculate the number of after the completion of the reaction? are required to form 10.0 g of nitrogen
grams of AlCl3 and the number gas? (c) How many grams of NaN3 are
of grams of H2O formed when 0.500 required to produce 10.0 of nitrogen gas,
g of Al(OH)3 reacts. (d) Show that about the size of an automotive air bag,
your calculations in parts (b) and (c) if the gas has a density of 1.25 g/L?
are consistent with the law of
conservation of mass.
3.65 Aluminum sulfide reacts with 3.89 Very small crystals composed of 1000 to 3.85 Write the balanced chemical
water to form aluminum hydroxide 100,000 atoms,called quantum dots, are being oequations for (a) the complete
and hydrogen sulfide. (a) Write the investigated for use in electronic devices. combustion of acetic acid (CH3COOH),
balanced chemical equation for this (a) A quantum dot was made of solid silicon in the main active ingredient in vinegar; (b)
reaction. (b) How many grams of the shape of a sphere, with a diameter of 4 nm. the decomposition of solid calcium
aluminum hydroxide are obtained Calculate the mass of the quantum dot, using the hydroxide into solid calcium(II) oxide
from 14.2 g of aluminum sulfide? density of silicon(b) How many silicon atoms are (lime) and water vapor; (c) the
in the quantum dot?(c) The density of germanium combination reaction between nickel
is . If you made a 4-nm quantum dot of metal and chlorine gas.
germanium, how many Ge atoms would it
contain? Assume the dot is spherical.
3.47 A compound whose empirical 3.93 Vanillin, the dominant flavoring in vanilla, 3.105 Consider a sample of calcium
formula is XF3 consists of 65% contains C, H, and O. When 1.05 g of this carbonate in the form of a cube
F by mass. What is the atomic mass substance is completely combusted, 2.43 g of measuring 2.005 in. on each edge. If the
of X? CO2 and 0.50 g of H2O are produced. What is the sample has a density
 Review Questions in General Chemistry

empirical formula of vanillin? of , how many oxygen atoms does it

3.109 A particular coal contains 3.97A method used by the U.S. Environmental 4.61 (a) Calculate the molarity of a
2.5% sulfur by mass. When this coal Protection Agency (EPA) for determining the solution that contains 0.175 mol
is burned at a power plant, the sulfur concentration of ozone in air is to pass the air ZnCl2 in exactly 150 mL of solution. (b)
is converted into sulfur dioxide gas, sample through a “bubbler” containing sodium How many moles of HCl are present in
which is a pollutant. To reduce sulfur iodide, which removes the ozone according to the 35.0 mL of a 4.50 M solution of nitric
dioxide emissions, calcium oxide following equation: acid? (c) How many milliliters of 6.00 M
(lime) is used. The sulfur dioxide O3(g) + 2 NaI(aq) + H2O(l) O2(g) + I2(s) + 2 NaOH solution are needed
reacts with calcium oxide to form NaOH(aq) (a) How many moles of sodium to provide 0.325 mol of NaOH?
solid calcium sulfite. (a) Write iodide are needed to remove 5.95 * 10-6 mol of
the balanced chemical equation for O3? (b) How many grams of sodium iodide are
the reaction. (b) If the coal is burned needed to remove 1.3 mg of O3?
in a power plant that uses 2000 tons
of coal per day, what mass of
calcium oxide is required daily to
eliminate the sulfur dioxide? (c) How
many grams of calcium sulfite are
produced daily by this power plant?

4.53 Write balanced molecular and 3.107 (a) If an automobile travels 225 mi with a 4.49 Determine the oxidation number for
net ionic equations for the reactions gas mileage of the indicated element in
of (a) manganese with dilute sulfuric 20.5 mi>gal, how many kilograms of CO2 are each of the following substances: (a) S
acid, (b) chromium produced? Assume that the gasoline is composed in SO2, (b) C in COCl2,
with hydrobromic acid, (c) tin with of octane, C8H18(l), whose (c) Mn in KMnO4, (d) Br in HBrO, (e)
hydrochloric acid, (d) aluminum density is 0.69 g>mL. (b) Repeat the calculation As in As4, (f) O in
with formic acid, HCOOH. for a truck that K2O2.
has a gas mileage of 5 mi>gal.
4.63 The average adult human male 4.65 The concentration of alcohol (CH3CH2OH) 4.73 (a) You have a stock solution of
has a total blood volume of in blood, called the “blood alcohol concentration” 14.8 M NH3. How many milliliters of
5.0 L. If the concentration of sodium or BAC, is given in units of grams of alcohol per this solution should you dilute to make
ion in this average individual is 100 mL of blood. The legal definition of 1000.0 mL of 0.250 M NH
0.135 M, what is the mass of sodium intoxication, in many states of the United States, 3? (b) If you take a 10.0-mL portion of
ion circulating is that the BAC is 0.08 or higher. What is the the stock solution and dilute it to a total
in the blood? concentration of alcohol, in terms of molarity, in volume of 0.500 L, what will be
blood if the BAC is 0.08? the concentration of the final solution?
4.67 Calculate (a) the number of 4.77 Pure acetic acid, known as glacial acetic 4.87 A solution of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M
grams of solute in 0.250 L of acid, is a liquid with KOH is mixed with a solution of 200.0
0.175 M KBr, (b) the molar a density of at . Calculate the molarity of a mL of 0.150 M NiSO4. (a) Write the
concentration of a solution solution of acetic acid made by dissolving 20.00 balanced chemical equation for the
containing 14.75 g of Ca(NO3)2 in mL of glacial reaction that occurs. (b) What precipitate
1.375 L, (c) the volume of acetic acid at in enough water to make 250.0 mL forms? (c) What is the limiting reactant?
1.50 M Na of (d) How many grams of this precipitate
3PO4 in milliliters that contains 2.50 solution. form? (e) What is the concentration of
g of solute. each ion that remains in solution?
 Review Questions in General Chemistry

4.89 A 0.5895-g sample of impure 4.106 (a) By titration, 15.0 mL of 0.1008 M 4.103 (a) A strontium hydroxide
magnesium hydroxide is dissolved in sodium hydroxide is solution is prepared by dissolving
100.0 mL of 0.2050 M HCl solution. needed to neutralize a 0.2053-g sample of an 10.45 g of Sr(OH)2 in water to make
The excess acid organic acid. 50.00 mL of solution. What is the
then needs 19.85 mL of 0.1020 M What is the molar mass of the acid if it is molarity of this solution? (b) Next the
NaOH for neutralization. monoprotic? (b) An strontium hydroxide solution prepared in
Calculate the percent by mass of elemental analysis of the acid indicates that it is part (a) is used to titrate a nitric acid
magnesium hydroxide in the composed of 5.89% H, 70.6% C, and 23.5% O by solution of unknown concentration.
sample, assuming that it is the only mass. What is its molecular formula? Write a balanced chemical equation to
substance reacting with represent the reaction between strontium
the HCl solution. hydroxide and nitric acid solutions. (c) If
23.9 mL of the strontium hydroxide
solution was needed to neutralize a 31.5
mL aliquot of the nitric acid solution,
what is the concentration (molarity) of
the acid?

4.99 A 35.0-mL sample of 1.00 M [4.112] The mass percentage of chloride ion in a 4.109 A sample of 5.53 g of Mg(OH)2 is
KBr and a 60.0-mL sample of 25.00-mL sample of added to 25.0 mL of 0.200
0.600 M KBr are mixed. The seawater was determined by titrating the sample M HNO3. (a) Write the chemical
solution is then heated to evaporate with silver equation for the reaction
water until the total volume is 50.0 nitrate, precipitating silver chloride. It took 42.58 that occurs. (b) Which is the limiting
mL. What is the mL of reactant in the reaction?
molarity of the KBr in the final 0.2997 M silver nitrate solution to reach the (c) How many moles of Mg(OH)2,
solution? equivalence point HNO3, and Mg(NO3)2 are
in the titration. What is the mass percentage of present after the reaction is complete?
chloride ion in
the seawater if its density is 1.025 g/mL?
Review Questions in General Chemistry